{
  "generic": [
    {
      "code": "B0001",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Frontal Stage 1 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrerseite Frontairbag Stufe 1 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supplemental restraint system (SRS) module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the first stage of the driver frontal airbag. The SRS warning lamp illuminates and airbag deployment may be impaired in a crash event.",
        "de": "Das Airbag-Steuergerät (SRS) hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis der ersten Stufe des Fahrer-Frontairbags erkannt. Die Airbag-Warnleuchte leuchtet und die Auslösung im Crashfall kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring",
        "clock_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clock_spring_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clock spring (spiral cable) damaged in steering column",
            "de": "Wickelfeder in der Lenksäule defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "airbag_connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose or corroded airbag connector under steering wheel",
            "de": "Loser oder korrodierter Airbag-Stecker unter dem Lenkrad"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0002",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Frontal Stage 2 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrerseite Frontairbag Stufe 2 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the second stage of the driver frontal airbag. Dual-stage airbags use two charges for severity-dependent deployment — this code indicates the high-severity stage cannot be triggered reliably.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis der zweiten Stufe des Fahrer-Frontairbags erkannt. Zweistufige Airbags nutzen zwei Treibsätze für unfallabhängige Auslösung — dieser Code bedeutet, dass die Hochlast-Stufe nicht zuverlässig ausgelöst werden kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring",
        "clock_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clock_spring_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clock spring damaged or worn",
            "de": "Wickelfeder beschädigt oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "airbag_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Stufe-2-Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0003",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Frontal Deployment Loop Resistance Low",
        "de": "Fahrer-Frontairbag Auslösekreis Widerstand zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected that the resistance in the driver frontal airbag deployment loop is below the expected range, suggesting a short or partial short between the squib leads. The airbag warning lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen zu niedrigen Widerstand im Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Frontairbags erkannt, was auf einen Kurzschluss oder teilweisen Kurzschluss zwischen den Zündpillen-Leitungen hindeutet. Die Airbag-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_airbag_module",
        "clock_spring",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_squib_leads",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shorted squib leads in clock spring or wiring",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in Zündpillen-Leitungen der Wickelfeder oder Verkabelung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "airbag_module_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short within driver airbag module",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Fahrer-Airbagmodul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corrosion bridging pins",
            "de": "Steckerkorrosion verbindet Pins"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0004",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Frontal Deployment Loop Resistance High",
        "de": "Fahrer-Frontairbag Auslösekreis Widerstand zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module measured a higher than expected resistance in the driver frontal airbag deployment circuit. Causes include a partially open connection, corroded contacts, or a damaged clock spring conductor.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen zu hohen Widerstand im Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Frontairbags gemessen. Ursachen sind teilweise unterbrochene Verbindungen, korrodierte Kontakte oder eine beschädigte Wickelfederleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_airbag_module",
        "clock_spring",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clock_spring_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clock spring conductor partially worn",
            "de": "Wickelfederleitung teilweise verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_oxidation",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxidized airbag connector pins",
            "de": "Oxidierte Pins am Airbag-Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "airbag_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver airbag module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Fahrer-Airbagmodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0005",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Frontal Deployment Loop Open",
        "de": "Fahrer-Frontairbag Auslösekreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module detects an open circuit in the driver frontal airbag deployment loop. The airbag will not deploy in a crash and the SRS warning lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung im Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Frontairbags. Der Airbag löst im Crashfall nicht aus und die SRS-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_airbag_module",
        "clock_spring",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clock_spring_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clock spring conductor broken",
            "de": "Wickelfederleitung gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Airbag connector unplugged or broken",
            "de": "Airbag-Stecker abgezogen oder gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring harness break in steering column",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im Lenksäulenstrang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0006",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Frontal Deployment Loop Short to Ground",
        "de": "Fahrer-Frontairbag Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Masse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "One of the deployment leads for the driver frontal airbag is shorted to ground. The SRS module disables deployment of the affected stage to prevent unintended firing.",
        "de": "Eine der Auslöseleitungen des Fahrer-Frontairbags hat einen Kurzschluss nach Masse. Das SRS-Steuergerät deaktiviert die Auslösung der betroffenen Stufe, um eine ungewollte Zündung zu verhindern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_airbag_module",
        "srs_wiring",
        "clock_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed wiring contacting metal",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerte Verkabelung berührt Metall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_intrusion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water intrusion at connector",
            "de": "Wassereintritt am Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "airbag_module_short",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal airbag module short to housing",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss zum Modulgehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0007",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Frontal Deployment Loop Short to Battery",
        "de": "Fahrer-Frontairbag Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Plus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver frontal airbag deployment loop is shorted to battery voltage. This is potentially dangerous as it could cause unintended deployment; the SRS module isolates the circuit and sets the warning lamp.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Frontairbags ist auf Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen. Dies ist potenziell gefährlich, da eine ungewollte Auslösung möglich wäre; das SRS-Steuergerät isoliert den Kreis und setzt die Warnleuchte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_airbag_module",
        "srs_wiring",
        "clock_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to powered conductor",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit spannungsführender Leitung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged connector bridging power",
            "de": "Beschädigter Stecker mit Plus-Verbindung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner SRS-Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0010",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front/Passenger Frontal Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrerseite Frontairbag Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the front passenger airbag. The airbag warning lamp activates and crash protection on the passenger side may be reduced.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Frontairbags erkannt. Die Airbag-Warnleuchte leuchtet und der Crashschutz auf der Beifahrerseite kann eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "passenger_airbag_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose or corroded passenger airbag connector",
            "de": "Loser oder korrodierter Beifahrer-Airbag-Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "passenger_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0011",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front/Passenger Frontal Stage 2 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrerseite Frontairbag Stufe 2 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the front passenger airbag. The airbag warning lamp activates and crash protection on the passenger side may be reduced.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Frontairbags erkannt. Die Airbag-Warnleuchte leuchtet und der Crashschutz auf der Beifahrerseite kann eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "passenger_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Stufe-2-Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "passenger_airbag_connector",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose or corroded airbag connector",
            "de": "Loser oder korrodierter Airbag-Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0012",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front/Passenger Frontal Stage 2 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Frontairbag Stufe 2 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the second-stage deployment circuit of the front passenger airbag. The dual-stage charge cannot be triggered as designed and the airbag warning lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis der zweiten Stufe des Beifahrer-Frontairbags erkannt. Die zweistufige Ladung kann nicht wie vorgesehen ausgelöst werden und die Airbag-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stage2_squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit open",
            "de": "Stufe-2-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty connector at passenger airbag",
            "de": "Defekter Stecker am Beifahrerairbag"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "airbag_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Passenger airbag module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Beifahrerairbag-Modul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0013",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Knee Bolster Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrer Knie-Airbag Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the deployment control circuit of the passenger knee airbag (knee bolster). Restricts lower-body motion of the passenger in a frontal collision.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Knieairbags. Begrenzt die Vorwärtsbewegung des Unterkörpers des Beifahrers bei einem Frontalcrash."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knee_airbag_passenger",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Squib (igniter) circuit open",
            "de": "Zündkreis (Squib) unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Airbag connector corroded under seat",
            "de": "Airbag-Stecker unter Sitz korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0014",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Knee Airbag Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrer-Knieairbag Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the driver knee airbag deployment control circuit. The knee airbag may not deploy in a crash event.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Knieairbags erkannt. Der Knieairbag löst im Crashfall möglicherweise nicht aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knee_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "airbag_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Airbag connector loose",
            "de": "Airbag-Stecker lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0015",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Knee Airbag Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Knieairbag Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the passenger knee airbag deployment control circuit. Same fault profile as B0014 but for the passenger side.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Knieairbags erkannt. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie B0014, jedoch für die Beifahrerseite."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knee_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "airbag_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Airbag connector loose",
            "de": "Airbag-Stecker lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0016",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front/Passenger Frontal Deployment Loop Short to Ground",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Frontairbag Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Masse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module detected a short to ground in the front passenger airbag deployment circuit. Deployment of the affected stage is inhibited and the warning lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Kurzschluss nach Masse im Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Frontairbags erkannt. Die Auslösung der betroffenen Stufe ist gesperrt und die Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_airbag_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_chafed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed wiring under dashboard",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerte Verkabelung unterm Armaturenbrett"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water_intrusion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water at connector causing low resistance",
            "de": "Wasser am Stecker verursacht niedrigen Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0017",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front/Passenger Frontal Deployment Loop Short to Battery",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Frontairbag Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Plus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front passenger airbag deployment loop is shorted to battery voltage, creating a risk of unintended deployment. The SRS module disables the circuit and stores this fault.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Frontairbags ist auf Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen, wodurch eine ungewollte Auslösung möglich wäre. Das SRS-Steuergerät deaktiviert den Kreis und speichert diesen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_airbag_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted against powered circuit",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit spannungsführendem Kreis kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "damaged_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged harness during dashboard service",
            "de": "Kabelstrang während Armaturenbrett-Service beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0018",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front/Passenger Frontal Deployment Loop Resistance High",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Frontairbag Auslösekreis Widerstand zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module measures a higher than expected resistance in the passenger frontal deployment loop, indicating partial corrosion or damage. The airbag may not deploy reliably.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät misst einen zu hohen Widerstand im Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Frontairbags, was auf Korrosion oder Beschädigung hinweist. Der Airbag kann unzuverlässig auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_airbag_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded connector at passenger airbag",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker am Beifahrerairbag"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_resistance_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High resistance from cable damage",
            "de": "Hoher Widerstand durch Kabelschaden"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0019",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front/Passenger Frontal Deployment Loop Resistance Low",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Frontairbag Auslösekreis Widerstand zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module detects too low a resistance in the front passenger airbag deployment loop, suggesting a partial short. Deployment of that stage is inhibited.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät erkennt einen zu niedrigen Widerstand im Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Frontairbags, was auf einen Teilkurzschluss hindeutet. Die Auslösung dieser Stufe wird gesperrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_airbag_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_squib_leads",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Squib leads partially shorted",
            "de": "Zündpillen-Leitungen teilweise kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_bridge",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bridged connector pins by debris",
            "de": "Pins durch Schmutz überbrückt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B001A",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Center Frontal Stage 3 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Mittlerer Frontairbag Stufe 3 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the deployment circuit of the center frontal airbag, deployment stage 3 (highest severity). Used in dual or triple-stage front airbag systems for severe crash energy.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des mittleren Frontairbags Stufe 3 (höchste Stufe). Bei mehrstufigen Frontairbag-Systemen für hohe Crashenergie eingesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "center_frontal_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 3 squib circuit open",
            "de": "Stufe-3-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0020",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Side Deployment Control",
        "de": "Seitenairbag links Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the left (driver) side airbag, typically located in the seat or door. The airbag warning lamp illuminates.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des linken Seitenairbags erkannt — meist in Sitz oder Tür verbaut. Die Airbag-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_side_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring",
        "seat_harness_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seat_harness_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat harness connector under driver seat damaged",
            "de": "Sitzkabelbaum-Stecker unter dem Fahrersitz beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "side_airbag_circuit_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side airbag squib circuit open",
            "de": "Seitenairbag-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0021",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Side Deployment Stage 1 Control",
        "de": "Seitenairbag links Stufe 1 Auslösesteuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the left side (driver) airbag stage 1. Side impact protection on the driver side may be reduced.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des linken Seitenairbags (Fahrerseite) Stufe 1 erkannt. Der Seitenaufprallschutz auf der Fahrerseite kann eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_side_airbag",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seat_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose airbag connector under driver seat",
            "de": "Loser Airbag-Stecker unter dem Fahrersitz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_damage_seat_rail",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring pinched in seat rail",
            "de": "Verkabelung an Sitzschiene eingeklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "side_airbag_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side airbag module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Seitenairbag-Modul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0022",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Side Deployment Stage 1 Loop Open",
        "de": "Seitenairbag links Stufe 1 Auslösekreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An open circuit has been detected in the deployment loop for the left side airbag stage 1. The airbag will not fire and the SRS lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Im Auslösekreis des linken Seitenairbags Stufe 1 wurde eine Unterbrechung erkannt. Der Airbag löst nicht aus und die SRS-Lampe leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_side_airbag",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seat_connector_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disconnected seat airbag connector",
            "de": "Getrennter Sitzairbag-Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break_under_seat",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire break under driver seat",
            "de": "Kabelbruch unter dem Fahrersitz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0023",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Side Deployment Stage 1 Loop Short to Ground",
        "de": "Seitenairbag links Stufe 1 Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Masse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The left side airbag stage 1 deployment loop is shorted to ground. Deployment is inhibited and the SRS warning lamp is on.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des linken Seitenairbags Stufe 1 ist nach Masse kurzgeschlossen. Die Auslösung ist gesperrt und die SRS-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_side_airbag",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wire_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed wire grounding under seat rail",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerter Draht mit Massekontakt an der Sitzschiene"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_in_seat_connector",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water intrusion at seat connector",
            "de": "Wassereintritt am Sitzstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0024",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Side Deployment Control",
        "de": "Seitenairbag rechts Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the left (driver) side airbag, typically located in the seat or door. The airbag warning lamp illuminates.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des linken Seitenairbags erkannt — meist in Sitz oder Tür verbaut. Die Airbag-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_side_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring",
        "seat_harness_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seat_harness_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat harness connector under passenger seat damaged",
            "de": "Sitzkabelbaum-Stecker unter dem Beifahrersitz beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "side_airbag_circuit_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side airbag squib circuit open",
            "de": "Seitenairbag-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0025",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Side Deployment Stage 2 Control",
        "de": "Seitenairbag links Stufe 2 Auslösesteuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected in the deployment control for the second stage of the left side airbag, used in vehicles with two-stage side restraint systems.",
        "de": "Es wurde ein Fehler in der Auslösesteuerung der zweiten Stufe des linken Seitenairbags erkannt, wie sie in Fahrzeugen mit zweistufigem Seitenrückhaltesystem verwendet wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_side_airbag",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stage2_squib_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit fault",
            "de": "Fehler im Stufe-2-Zündkreis"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0026",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Side Deployment Stage 2 Loop Open",
        "de": "Seitenairbag links Stufe 2 Auslösekreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An open circuit is present in the second-stage deployment loop of the left side airbag.",
        "de": "Im Auslösekreis der zweiten Stufe des linken Seitenairbags liegt eine Unterbrechung vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_side_airbag",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wiring under seat",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Verkabelung unter dem Sitz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_unseated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unseated airbag connector",
            "de": "Nicht eingerasteter Airbag-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0028",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Side Curtain Air Bag Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrerseite Kopfairbag (Curtain) Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the driver side curtain (head) airbag, which deploys from the headliner during a side impact or rollover.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des fahrerseitigen Kopfairbags (Curtain) erkannt. Dieser entfaltet sich bei Seitenaufprall oder Überschlag aus dem Dachhimmel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_curtain_airbag",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "curtain_airbag_circuit_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Curtain airbag squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Kopfairbag-Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_wiring_pillar",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring damage in A/B/C-pillar",
            "de": "Verkabelungsschaden in A-/B-/C-Säule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0029",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Side Curtain Air Bag Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrerseite Kopfairbag (Curtain) Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the driver side curtain (head) airbag, which deploys from the headliner during a side impact or rollover.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des fahrerseitigen Kopfairbags (Curtain) erkannt. Dieser entfaltet sich bei Seitenaufprall oder Überschlag aus dem Dachhimmel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_curtain_airbag",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "curtain_airbag_circuit_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Curtain airbag squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Kopfairbag-Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_wiring_pillar",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring damage in A/B/C-pillar",
            "de": "Verkabelungsschaden in A-/B-/C-Säule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B002A",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Curtain Deployment Control 2",
        "de": "Rechter Curtain-Airbag Auslösekreis 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the second deployment circuit of the right side curtain airbag. Curtain airbags deploy along the side glass to protect head and neck in a side or rollover crash.",
        "de": "Fehler am zweiten Auslösekreis des rechten Curtain-Airbags. Curtain-Airbags entfalten sich entlang der Seitenscheibe zum Schutz von Kopf und Hals bei Seitenaufprall oder Überschlag."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_curtain_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Curtain squib circuit open",
            "de": "Curtain-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0030",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Side Curtain Airbag Stage 2",
        "de": "Fahrer-Kopfairbag Stufe 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the driver-side curtain airbag stage 2 deployment circuit. Two-stage curtain airbags use a second charge for severe lateral impacts.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis der zweiten Stufe des Fahrer-Kopfairbags erkannt. Zweistufige Kopfairbags nutzen einen zweiten Treibsatz für schwere Seitenaufpralle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "curtain_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "airbag_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Stufe-2-Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Roof rail connector loose",
            "de": "Dachrahmen-Stecker lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0031",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Side Curtain Airbag Stage 2",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Kopfairbag Stufe 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the passenger-side curtain airbag stage 2 deployment circuit. Same fault profile as B0030 but for the passenger side.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis der zweiten Stufe des Beifahrer-Kopfairbags erkannt. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie B0030, jedoch für die Beifahrerseite."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "curtain_airbag_module",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "airbag_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Stufe-2-Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Roof rail connector loose",
            "de": "Dachrahmen-Stecker lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0032",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Side Deployment Stage 1 Loop Open",
        "de": "Seitenairbag rechts Stufe 1 Auslösekreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An open circuit is detected in the right side (passenger) airbag stage 1 deployment loop.",
        "de": "Im Auslösekreis des rechten Seitenairbags (Beifahrerseite) Stufe 1 ist eine Unterbrechung erkannt worden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_side_airbag",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disconnected seat airbag connector",
            "de": "Getrennter Sitzairbag-Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire break in passenger seat harness",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im Beifahrersitz-Strang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0033",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Side Deployment Stage 1 Loop Short to Ground",
        "de": "Seitenairbag rechts Stufe 1 Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Masse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The deployment loop for the right side airbag stage 1 is shorted to ground; deployment is inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des rechten Seitenairbags Stufe 1 ist nach Masse kurzgeschlossen; die Auslösung ist gesperrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_side_airbag",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed wiring contacts metal",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerte Verkabelung berührt Metall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water intrusion at connector",
            "de": "Wassereintritt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0034",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Side Deployment Stage 2 Control",
        "de": "Seitenairbag rechts Stufe 2 Auslösesteuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module reports a fault in the deployment circuit of the right side airbag stage 2.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät meldet einen Fehler im Auslösekreis der zweiten Stufe des rechten Seitenairbags."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_side_airbag",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stage2_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit fault",
            "de": "Fehler im Stufe-2-Zündkreis"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose seat connector",
            "de": "Loser Sitzstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0036",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Side Deployment Stage 2 Loop Short to Ground",
        "de": "Seitenairbag rechts Stufe 2 Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Masse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The right side airbag stage 2 deployment loop is shorted to ground; the SRS module disables that stage.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des rechten Seitenairbags Stufe 2 ist nach Masse kurzgeschlossen; das SRS-Steuergerät sperrt diese Stufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_side_airbag",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed wiring grounding out",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerte Verkabelung mit Massekontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0038",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Right Side Airbag Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe rechts Seiten-Airbag Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the deployment circuit of the second-row right-side airbag (built into the seat or door for rear-passenger side-impact protection).",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Seitenairbags rechts in der zweiten Reihe (in Sitz oder Tür für Seitenaufprallschutz hinten)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_right_side_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side airbag squib open",
            "de": "Seitenairbag-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0039",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Right Frontal Stage 1 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe rechts Frontairbag Stufe 1 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the second-row right frontal airbag, stage 1 deployment (low severity). Found on vehicles with rear-passenger frontal airbags integrated in the front seatbacks.",
        "de": "Fehler am Frontairbag der zweiten Reihe rechts, Auslösestufe 1 (niedrige Schwere). In Fahrzeugen mit Frontairbags für die zweite Reihe in der Vordersitzlehne."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_right_frontal_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 1 squib circuit open",
            "de": "Stufe-1-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B003A",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Right Frontal Stage 2 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe rechts Frontairbag Stufe 2 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row right frontal airbag, stage 2 deployment (medium severity).",
        "de": "Fehler am Frontairbag der zweiten Reihe rechts, Auslösestufe 2 (mittlere Schwere)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_right_frontal_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit open",
            "de": "Stufe-2-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B003B",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Right Frontal Stage 3 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe rechts Frontairbag Stufe 3 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row right frontal airbag, stage 3 deployment (high severity).",
        "de": "Fehler am Frontairbag der zweiten Reihe rechts, Auslösestufe 3 (hohe Schwere)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_right_frontal_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 3 squib circuit open",
            "de": "Stufe-3-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0040",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Outside Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Außentemperatursensor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC or body control module has detected an implausible signal from the outside (ambient) temperature sensor. The displayed outside temperature may be wrong or missing and automatic climate control may behave incorrectly.",
        "de": "Das Klima- oder Karosserie-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Außentemperatursensor erkannt. Die Anzeige der Außentemperatur kann fehlerhaft sein und die Klimaautomatik kann falsch regeln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "outside_temperature_sensor",
        "hvac_control_module",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Außentemperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault to sensor",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler am Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0041",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Left Frontal Stage 1 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe links Frontairbag Stufe 1 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the third-row left frontal airbag, stage 1 deployment.",
        "de": "Fehler am Frontairbag der dritten Reihe links, Auslösestufe 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_left_frontal_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 1 squib circuit open",
            "de": "Stufe-1-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0042",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Side Deployment Loop Open (Generic)",
        "de": "Seiten-Auslösekreis unterbrochen (allgemein)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A generic open-circuit fault has been reported in a side airbag deployment loop. Refer to vehicle service data to determine the affected side and stage.",
        "de": "Eine allgemeine Unterbrechung im Auslösekreis eines Seitenairbags wurde gemeldet. Detaillierte Service-Daten klären die betroffene Seite und Stufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_airbag",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disconnected seat connector",
            "de": "Getrennter Sitzstecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken wire in seat harness",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im Sitzstrang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0043",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Left Frontal Stage 3 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe links Frontairbag Stufe 3 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row left frontal airbag, stage 3 deployment.",
        "de": "Fehler am Frontairbag der dritten Reihe links, Auslösestufe 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_left_frontal_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 3 squib circuit open",
            "de": "Stufe-3-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0046",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Curtain Deployment Loop Open",
        "de": "Kopfairbag links Auslösekreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An open circuit has been detected in the deployment loop of the left curtain (head) airbag. Curtain protection on the driver side will not deploy.",
        "de": "Im Auslösekreis des linken Kopfairbags wurde eine Unterbrechung erkannt. Der Kopfairbag-Schutz auf der Fahrerseite löst nicht aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_curtain_airbag",
        "srs_roof_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "roof_wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken wire in headliner",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im Dachhimmel"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Curtain airbag connector unseated",
            "de": "Kopfairbag-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0047",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Curtain Deployment Loop Short to Ground",
        "de": "Kopfairbag links Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Masse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The left curtain airbag deployment loop is shorted to ground; the SRS module inhibits deployment.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des linken Kopfairbags ist nach Masse kurzgeschlossen; das SRS-Steuergerät sperrt die Auslösung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_curtain_airbag",
        "srs_roof_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring_in_pillar",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed wiring in A-pillar",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerte Verkabelung in der A-Säule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0048",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Right Side Airbag Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe rechts Seiten-Airbag Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row right-side airbag deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Seitenairbags rechts in der dritten Reihe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_right_side_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side airbag squib open",
            "de": "Seitenairbag-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0049",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Right Frontal Stage 1 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe rechts Frontairbag Stufe 1 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row right frontal airbag, stage 1 deployment.",
        "de": "Fehler am Frontairbag der dritten Reihe rechts, Auslösestufe 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_right_frontal_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 1 squib circuit open",
            "de": "Stufe-1-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B004A",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Right Frontal Stage 2 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe rechts Frontairbag Stufe 2 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row right frontal airbag, stage 2 deployment.",
        "de": "Fehler am Frontairbag der dritten Reihe rechts, Auslösestufe 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_right_frontal_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit open",
            "de": "Stufe-2-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B004B",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Right Frontal Stage 3 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe rechts Frontairbag Stufe 3 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row right frontal airbag, stage 3 deployment.",
        "de": "Fehler am Frontairbag der dritten Reihe rechts, Auslösestufe 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_right_frontal_airbag",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 3 squib circuit open",
            "de": "Stufe-3-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0050",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Pretensioner Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrer-Gurtstraffer Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the driver seat belt pretensioner. The pretensioner pulls the belt taut during a crash and may not function reliably with this fault active.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Gurtstraffers erkannt. Der Gurtstraffer zieht den Gurt im Crashfall straff und arbeitet bei aktivem Fehler möglicherweise nicht zuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_pretensioner",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pretensioner_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seat_harness_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector under seat damaged",
            "de": "Stecker unter dem Sitz beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0051",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Frontal Deployment Control Open",
        "de": "Fahrer-Frontairbag Auslösekreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected an open circuit in the driver frontal airbag deployment loop. Resistance is above the upper threshold, indicating broken wiring or a disconnected igniter.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung im Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Frontairbags erkannt. Der Widerstand liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert, was auf eine unterbrochene Verkabelung oder einen abgezogenen Zünder hinweist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_airbag_module",
        "clock_spring",
        "srs_wiring",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clock_spring_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clock spring conductor broken",
            "de": "Wickelfeder-Leiter unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "airbag_connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Airbag connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Airbag-Stecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open between module and squib",
            "de": "Verkabelung zwischen Steuergerät und Zünder unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0052",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Belt Sensor",
        "de": "Beifahrer Sicherheitsgurt-Sensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the passenger seat belt buckle/tongue sensor that detects whether the belt is fastened.",
        "de": "Fehler am Beifahrer-Gurtschloss-/Zungen-Sensor, der erkennt ob der Gurt eingesteckt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_belt_buckle_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Buckle sensor failed",
            "de": "Gurtschloss-Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0053",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Pretensioner Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Gurtstraffer Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit for the driver seat belt pretensioner. The pretensioner pulls the belt taut during a crash and may not function reliably with this fault active.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Gurtstraffers erkannt. Der Gurtstraffer zieht den Gurt im Crashfall straff und arbeitet bei aktivem Fehler möglicherweise nicht zuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_pretensioner",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pretensioner_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seat_harness_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector under passenger seat damaged",
            "de": "Stecker unter dem Beifahrersitz beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0054",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Center Seat Belt Sensor",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe Mitte Sicherheitsgurt-Sensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the second-row center seat belt buckle sensor.",
        "de": "Fehler am Gurtschloss-Sensor der zweiten Reihe Mitte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_center_belt_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Buckle sensor failed",
            "de": "Gurtschloss-Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0055",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Right Seat Belt Sensor",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe rechts Sicherheitsgurt-Sensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the second-row right seat belt buckle sensor.",
        "de": "Fehler am Gurtschloss-Sensor der zweiten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_right_belt_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Buckle sensor failed",
            "de": "Gurtschloss-Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0056",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Curtain Deployment Loop Open",
        "de": "Kopfairbag rechts Auslösekreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The right curtain airbag deployment circuit shows an open condition; the curtain on the passenger side cannot deploy.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des rechten Kopfairbags ist unterbrochen; der Kopfairbag auf der Beifahrerseite kann nicht auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_curtain_airbag",
        "srs_roof_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "roof_wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken roof wiring",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im Dachstrang"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_unseated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unseated curtain connector",
            "de": "Nicht eingerasteter Kopfairbag-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0057",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Curtain Deployment Loop Short to Ground",
        "de": "Kopfairbag rechts Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Masse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The right curtain airbag deployment loop is shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des rechten Kopfairbags ist nach Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_curtain_airbag",
        "srs_roof_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_pillar_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed pillar wiring",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerte Säulen-Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0058",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Right Seat Belt Sensor",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe rechts Sicherheitsgurt-Sensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the third-row right seat belt buckle sensor.",
        "de": "Fehler am Gurtschloss-Sensor der dritten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_right_belt_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Buckle sensor failed",
            "de": "Gurtschloss-Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0060",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knee Airbag Deployment Control",
        "de": "Knieairbag Auslösesteuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the deployment control circuit of a knee airbag. Knee protection in a frontal collision may be reduced.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Auslösekreis eines Knieairbags erkannt. Der Knieschutz bei einem Frontalaufprall kann eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knee_airbag",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose knee airbag connector",
            "de": "Loser Knieairbag-Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring damaged behind lower trim",
            "de": "Verkabelung hinter Unterverkleidung beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0061",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knee Airbag Deployment Loop Open",
        "de": "Knieairbag Auslösekreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An open is detected in the knee airbag deployment loop.",
        "de": "Im Auslösekreis des Knieairbags wurde eine Unterbrechung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knee_airbag",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disconnected knee airbag connector",
            "de": "Getrennter Knieairbag-Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire break in lower harness",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im unteren Strang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0062",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knee Airbag Deployment Loop Short to Ground",
        "de": "Knieairbag Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Masse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knee airbag deployment loop is shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des Knieairbags ist nach Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knee_airbag",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed wire shorting to chassis",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerter Draht mit Massekontakt zum Chassis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0064",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Belt Tension Sensor",
        "de": "Fahrer-Gurtbandkraftsensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the driver seat belt tension sensor. This sensor measures belt load and is used by adaptive restraint systems to scale airbag deployment force based on occupant size.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler am Gurtbandkraftsensor des Fahrers erkannt. Dieser Sensor misst die Gurtkraft und wird von adaptiven Rückhaltesystemen genutzt, um die Airbag-Entfaltungskraft an die Insassengröße anzupassen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_belt_tension_sensor",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tension_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Belt tension sensor failed",
            "de": "Gurtbandkraftsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tension_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0070",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Rollover Sensor",
        "de": "Überschlagsensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the rollover sensor circuit. The rollover sensor triggers curtain airbags and seat belt pretensioners when the vehicle approaches a tip-over angle.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Überschlagsensors erkannt. Der Sensor löst Kopfairbags und Gurtstraffer aus, wenn sich das Fahrzeug einem Kippwinkel nähert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rollover_sensor",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rollover_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rollover sensor failed",
            "de": "Überschlagsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rollover_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0071",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "First Row Center Seat Belt Pretensioner Deployment Control",
        "de": "Erste Reihe Mitte Gurtstraffer Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the first-row center seat belt pretensioner deployment circuit. Pretensioners pull belt slack tight at the moment of impact.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers in der ersten Reihe Mitte. Gurtstraffer ziehen die Gurtlose im Moment des Aufpralls straff."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "first_row_center_pretensioner",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0072",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seatbelt Pretensioner Loop Open",
        "de": "Gurtstraffer Fahrer Auslösekreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module detects an open circuit in the driver seatbelt pretensioner deployment loop. The pretensioner cannot fire and the airbag warning lamp is on.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung im Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Gurtstraffers. Der Straffer kann nicht auslösen und die Airbag-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seatbelt_pretensioner",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pretensioner_connector_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner connector unplugged",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-Stecker abgezogen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break_b_pillar",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire break in B-pillar",
            "de": "Kabelbruch in der B-Säule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0073",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seatbelt Pretensioner Loop Short to Ground",
        "de": "Gurtstraffer Fahrer Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Masse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver seatbelt pretensioner deployment circuit is shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Gurtstraffers ist nach Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seatbelt_pretensioner",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wire_b_pillar",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed wire in B-pillar",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerter Draht in der B-Säule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0074",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seatbelt Pretensioner Loop Short to Battery",
        "de": "Gurtstraffer Fahrer Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Plus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver seatbelt pretensioner deployment circuit is shorted to battery voltage, risking unintended firing.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Gurtstraffers ist auf Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen, was eine ungewollte Auslösung riskiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seatbelt_pretensioner",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to powered conductor",
            "de": "Draht mit spannungsführender Leitung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0075",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Right Seat Belt Pretensioner Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe rechts Gurtstraffer Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the second-row right seat belt pretensioner deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers in der zweiten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_right_pretensioner",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0076",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seatbelt Pretensioner Resistance Low",
        "de": "Gurtstraffer Fahrer Widerstand zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pretensioner deployment loop resistance is below the expected window, suggesting a partial short.",
        "de": "Der Widerstand im Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich, was auf einen Teilkurzschluss hindeutet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seatbelt_pretensioner",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "partial_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial short between leads",
            "de": "Teilkurzschluss zwischen Leitungen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0077",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seatbelt Pretensioner Resistance High",
        "de": "Gurtstraffer Fahrer Widerstand zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver seatbelt pretensioner loop resistance is above the expected window. The pretensioner may not fire reliably.",
        "de": "Der Widerstand im Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Gurtstraffers liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Der Straffer kann unzuverlässig auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seatbelt_pretensioner",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded pretensioner connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Gurtstraffer-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0078",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Right Seat Belt Pretensioner Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe rechts Gurtstraffer Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the third-row right seat belt pretensioner deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers in der dritten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_right_pretensioner",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0079",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Belt Pretensioner B Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrer Gurtstraffer B Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the driver seat belt pretensioner B deployment circuit. Pretensioner B is a secondary tightening stage on systems with multi-stage pretensioners.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Gurtstraffers B. Gurtstraffer B ist eine zweite Straffstufe bei mehrstufigen Systemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_pretensioner_b",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner B squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-B-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B007A",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Belt Pretensioner B Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrer Gurtstraffer B Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat belt pretensioner B deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Gurtstraffers B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_pretensioner_b",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner B squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-B-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B007B",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Left Seat Belt Pretensioner B Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe links Gurtstraffer B Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row left seat belt pretensioner B deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers B der zweiten Reihe links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_left_pretensioner_b",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner B squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-B-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B007C",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Right Seat Belt Pretensioner B Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe rechts Gurtstraffer B Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row right seat belt pretensioner B deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers B der zweiten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_right_pretensioner_b",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner B squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-B-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B007D",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Center Seat Belt Pretensioner B Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe Mitte Gurtstraffer B Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row center seat belt pretensioner B deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers B der zweiten Reihe Mitte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_center_pretensioner_b",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner B squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-B-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B007E",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Belt Pretensioner C Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrer Gurtstraffer C Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat belt pretensioner C deployment circuit. Pretensioner C is a third-stage tightener on systems with three-stage pretensioners.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Gurtstraffers C. Gurtstraffer C ist eine dritte Straffstufe bei dreistufigen Systemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_pretensioner_c",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner C squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-C-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B007F",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Belt Pretensioner C Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrer Gurtstraffer C Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat belt pretensioner C deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Gurtstraffers C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_pretensioner_c",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner C squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-C-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0080",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Belt Load Limiter Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrer Gurtkraftbegrenzer Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the driver seat belt load limiter deployment circuit. Load limiters release belt webbing under high force to limit chest loads after the pretensioner has tightened the belt.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Fahrer-Gurtkraftbegrenzers. Kraftbegrenzer geben Gurtband unter hoher Kraft frei, um Brustbelastungen nach dem Straffen zu begrenzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_load_limiter",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load limiter squib open",
            "de": "Kraftbegrenzer-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0081",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Passenger Belt Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Gurtschloss-Schalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS or body control module has detected a fault in the front passenger seat belt buckle switch circuit. The switch reports whether the belt is fastened and is used for the belt warning lamp and for restraint logic.",
        "de": "Das SRS- oder Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Beifahrer-Gurtschloss-Schalters erkannt. Der Schalter meldet, ob der Gurt angelegt ist, und wird für die Gurtwarnleuchte sowie die Rückhaltelogik genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "belt_buckle_switch",
        "srs_control_module",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "buckle_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Buckle switch failed or stuck",
            "de": "Gurtschloss-Schalter defekt oder klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "buckle_switch_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring under seat damaged",
            "de": "Verkabelung unter dem Sitz beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0082",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seatbelt Pretensioner Loop Open",
        "de": "Gurtstraffer Beifahrer Auslösekreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The passenger seatbelt pretensioner deployment loop is open; the pretensioner will not fire.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Gurtstraffers ist unterbrochen; der Straffer löst nicht aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_seatbelt_pretensioner",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disconnected pretensioner connector",
            "de": "Getrennter Gurtstraffer-Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire break in B-pillar",
            "de": "Kabelbruch in der B-Säule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0083",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seatbelt Pretensioner Loop Short to Ground",
        "de": "Gurtstraffer Beifahrer Auslösekreis Kurzschluss nach Masse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The passenger pretensioner deployment circuit is shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Der Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Gurtstraffers ist nach Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_seatbelt_pretensioner",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed wire in pillar trim",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerter Draht in der Säulenverkleidung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0084",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Belt Buckle Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrer-Gurtschloss Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the driver belt buckle switch circuit. The fastened-state of the seat belt cannot be reliably read — affects belt warning and airbag deployment logic.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Fahrer-Gurtschlossschalters erkannt. Der Anschnallzustand des Gurts kann nicht zuverlässig erkannt werden — betrifft Gurtwarnung und Airbag-Auslöselogik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_belt_buckle_switch",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "buckle_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Buckle switch failed",
            "de": "Gurtschlossschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring under seat open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unter dem Sitz unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0085",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Belt Buckle Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Gurtschloss Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the passenger belt buckle switch circuit. Same fault profile as B0084 but for the passenger side.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Beifahrer-Gurtschlossschalters erkannt. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie B0084, jedoch für die Beifahrerseite."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_belt_buckle_switch",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "buckle_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Buckle switch failed",
            "de": "Gurtschlossschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring under seat open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unter dem Sitz unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0086",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seatbelt Pretensioner Resistance Low",
        "de": "Gurtstraffer Beifahrer Widerstand zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The passenger seatbelt pretensioner loop has below-normal resistance, indicating a partial short.",
        "de": "Der Widerstand im Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Gurtstraffers ist zu niedrig, was auf einen Teilkurzschluss hindeutet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_seatbelt_pretensioner",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "partial_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial short in pretensioner leads",
            "de": "Teilkurzschluss in den Strafferleitungen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0087",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seatbelt Pretensioner Resistance High",
        "de": "Gurtstraffer Beifahrer Widerstand zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The passenger pretensioner loop resistance is too high, suggesting corroded contacts or partial breaks.",
        "de": "Der Widerstand im Auslösekreis des Beifahrer-Gurtstraffers ist zu hoch, was auf korrodierte Kontakte oder Teilbrüche hindeutet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_seatbelt_pretensioner",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded pretensioner connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Gurtstraffer-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0088",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Right Seat Belt Load Limiter Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe rechts Gurtkraftbegrenzer Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the third-row right seat belt load limiter deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtkraftbegrenzers der dritten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_right_load_limiter",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load limiter squib open",
            "de": "Kraftbegrenzer-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0090",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Side Pretensioner Stage 2 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrer-Gurtstraffer Stufe 2 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the second-stage circuit of the driver seat belt pretensioner. Multi-stage pretensioners use additional charges for severe crashes — this stage cannot be triggered reliably.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stufe-2-Stromkreis des Fahrer-Gurtstraffers erkannt. Mehrstufige Gurtstraffer nutzen zusätzliche Treibsätze bei schweren Unfällen — diese Stufe kann nicht zuverlässig ausgelöst werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_pretensioner",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pretensioner_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Stufe-2-Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seat_harness_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector under driver seat damaged",
            "de": "Stecker unter dem Fahrersitz beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0091",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Side Pretensioner Stage 2 Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Gurtstraffer Stufe 2 Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the second-stage circuit of the driver seat belt pretensioner. Multi-stage pretensioners use additional charges for severe crashes — this stage cannot be triggered reliably.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stufe-2-Stromkreis des Fahrer-Gurtstraffers erkannt. Mehrstufige Gurtstraffer nutzen zusätzliche Treibsätze bei schweren Unfällen — diese Stufe kann nicht zuverlässig ausgelöst werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_pretensioner",
        "srs_control_module",
        "srs_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pretensioner_squib_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stage 2 squib circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Stufe-2-Zündkreis unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seat_harness_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector under passenger seat damaged",
            "de": "Stecker unter dem Beifahrersitz beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0092",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Side Impact Sensor Left Front Malfunction",
        "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor vorn links Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module reports that the left front side impact sensor is malfunctioning. Side airbag deployment may not occur correctly in a side crash.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät meldet eine Fehlfunktion des vorderen linken Seitenaufprallsensors. Die Seitenairbag-Auslösung bei einem Seitencrash kann nicht korrekt erfolgen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_front_side_impact_sensor",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal failure",
            "de": "Interner Sensorausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector in door",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker in der Tür"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_intrusion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water intrusion through door seal",
            "de": "Wassereintritt durch Türdichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0093",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Side Impact Sensor Left Front Communication Lost",
        "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor vorn links Kommunikation verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has lost communication with the left front side impact sensor over the dedicated bus.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation mit dem vorderen linken Seitenaufprallsensor über den dedizierten Bus verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_front_side_impact_sensor",
        "srs_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open bus wiring to sensor",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Busverkabelung zum Sensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_dead",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not powered",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0094",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Side Impact Sensor Right Front Malfunction",
        "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor vorn rechts Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The right front side impact sensor reports a malfunction or fails plausibility checks against the SRS module.",
        "de": "Der vordere rechte Seitenaufprallsensor meldet eine Fehlfunktion oder besteht die Plausibilitätsprüfung des SRS-Steuergeräts nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_front_side_impact_sensor",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal failure",
            "de": "Interner Sensorausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_intrusion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water intrusion at sensor",
            "de": "Wassereintritt am Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0095",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Occupant Classification System Performance",
        "de": "Insassenerkennungssystem Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module reports that the occupant classification system (OCS) on the passenger seat does not behave plausibly. The OCS detects whether the seat is empty, occupied by a small person, or by an adult — and adapts airbag deployment accordingly.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät meldet, dass das Insassenerkennungssystem (OCS) auf dem Beifahrersitz unplausibel arbeitet. Das OCS erkennt, ob der Sitz leer, von einer kleinen Person oder von einem Erwachsenen besetzt ist, und passt die Airbag-Auslösung an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "occupant_classification_sensor",
        "srs_control_module",
        "passenger_seat_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocs_sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "OCS sensor mat aged or damaged",
            "de": "OCS-Sensormatte gealtert oder beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocs_calibration_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "OCS calibration lost — relearn required",
            "de": "OCS-Kalibrierung verloren — Anlernen erforderlich"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS control module fault",
            "de": "Fehler im SRS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0096",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Side Impact Sensor Left Rear Malfunction",
        "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor hinten links Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The left rear side impact sensor is reporting a fault.",
        "de": "Der hintere linke Seitenaufprallsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_rear_side_impact_sensor",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failure",
            "de": "Sensorausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water in connector",
            "de": "Wasser im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0097",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Side Impact Sensor Right Rear Malfunction",
        "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor hinten rechts Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The right rear side impact sensor is reporting a malfunction or implausible signal.",
        "de": "Der hintere rechte Seitenaufprallsensor meldet eine Fehlfunktion oder ein unplausibles Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_rear_side_impact_sensor",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failure",
            "de": "Sensorausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0098",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Occupant Detection Sensor",
        "de": "Insassenerkennungssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the occupant detection sensor on the passenger seat. The sensor input is missing or out of range so passenger airbag enable/disable logic cannot be evaluated.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler am Insassenerkennungssensor auf dem Beifahrersitz erkannt. Das Sensorsignal fehlt oder liegt außerhalb des Bereichs, sodass die Logik zur Aktivierung/Deaktivierung des Beifahrer-Airbags nicht ausgewertet werden kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "occupant_detection_sensor",
        "srs_control_module",
        "passenger_seat_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "occupant_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Occupant detection sensor failed",
            "de": "Insassenerkennungssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seat_harness_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat harness connector under passenger seat damaged",
            "de": "Sitzkabelbaum-Stecker unter dem Beifahrersitz beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0099",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Occupant Detection Module Internal Fault",
        "de": "Insassenerkennungs-Steuergerät interner Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The occupant detection module reports an internal fault detected by self-test. The module typically processes seat sensor data and reports occupancy status to the SRS module.",
        "de": "Das Insassenerkennungs-Steuergerät meldet einen durch den Selbsttest erkannten internen Fehler. Das Modul verarbeitet meist Sitzsensordaten und meldet den Belegungsstatus an das SRS-Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "occupant_detection_module",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "occupant_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Occupant detection module internal fault",
            "de": "Insassenerkennungs-Steuergerät interner Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "power_ground_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply or ground fault to module",
            "de": "Versorgungs- oder Massefehler am Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B009A",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Side Restraints Sensor 4",
        "de": "Linke Seitenrückhaltesensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on left-side restraints sensor 4. Side impact sensors detect lateral acceleration to trigger side and curtain airbags.",
        "de": "Fehler am linken Seitenrückhaltesensor 4. Seitenaufprallsensoren erkennen Querbeschleunigung zur Auslösung von Seiten- und Curtain-Airbags."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_side_restraints_sensor_4",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side impact sensor failed",
            "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B009B",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Side Restraints Sensor 5",
        "de": "Linke Seitenrückhaltesensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on left-side restraints sensor 5.",
        "de": "Fehler am linken Seitenrückhaltesensor 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_side_restraints_sensor_5",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side impact sensor failed",
            "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B009C",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Side Restraints Sensor 6",
        "de": "Linke Seitenrückhaltesensor 6"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on left-side restraints sensor 6.",
        "de": "Fehler am linken Seitenrückhaltesensor 6."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_side_restraints_sensor_6",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side impact sensor failed",
            "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B009D",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Side Restraints Sensor 4",
        "de": "Rechte Seitenrückhaltesensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on right-side restraints sensor 4.",
        "de": "Fehler am rechten Seitenrückhaltesensor 4."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_side_restraints_sensor_4",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side impact sensor failed",
            "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B009E",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Side Restraints Sensor 5",
        "de": "Rechte Seitenrückhaltesensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on right-side restraints sensor 5.",
        "de": "Fehler am rechten Seitenrückhaltesensor 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_side_restraints_sensor_5",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side impact sensor failed",
            "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B009F",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Side Restraints Sensor 6",
        "de": "Rechte Seitenrückhaltesensor 6"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on right-side restraints sensor 6.",
        "de": "Fehler am rechten Seitenrückhaltesensor 6."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_side_restraints_sensor_6",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side impact sensor failed",
            "de": "Seitenaufprallsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00A0",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Occupant Classification System",
        "de": "Insassen-Klassifizierungssystem"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the occupant classification system (OCS) — typically detects whether the front passenger seat is empty, holds a child seat, or has an adult, to enable/suppress passenger airbag.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Klassifizierungssystem (OCS) — erkennt, ob der Beifahrersitz leer ist, einen Kindersitz hält oder von einem Erwachsenen besetzt ist, um den Beifahrerairbag freizugeben oder zu sperren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ocs_module",
        "seat_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "OCS module internal fault",
            "de": "OCS-Modul-interner Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00A1",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Occupant Position System",
        "de": "Insassen-Positionssystem"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the occupant position system that detects forward/rearward position of occupants, used by the airbag controller to scale deployment force.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssystem, das die Vor-/Rückposition der Insassen erkennt; das Airbag-Steuergerät skaliert damit die Auslösekraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "occupant_position_module",
        "seat_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00B0",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Occupant Classification Sensor A",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Insassen-Klassifizierungssensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat occupant classification sensor A — typically a force/weight sensing pad in the seat cushion that determines passenger weight class.",
        "de": "Fehler am Klassifizierungssensor A des Fahrersitzes — typisch eine Kraft-/Gewichtsmatte im Sitzpolster, die das Gewichtsklasse erkennt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_classification_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Classification sensor failed",
            "de": "Klassifizierungssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00B1",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Occupant Classification Sensor B",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Insassen-Klassifizierungssensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat occupant classification sensor B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Klassifizierungssensor B des Fahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_classification_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Classification sensor failed",
            "de": "Klassifizierungssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00B2",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Occupant Classification Sensor C",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Insassen-Klassifizierungssensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat occupant classification sensor C.",
        "de": "Fehler am Klassifizierungssensor C des Fahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_classification_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Classification sensor failed",
            "de": "Klassifizierungssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00B3",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Occupant Classification Sensor D",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Insassen-Klassifizierungssensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat occupant classification sensor D.",
        "de": "Fehler am Klassifizierungssensor D des Fahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_classification_sensor_d",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Classification sensor failed",
            "de": "Klassifizierungssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00B4",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Occupant Classification Sensor E",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Insassen-Klassifizierungssensor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat occupant classification sensor E.",
        "de": "Fehler am Klassifizierungssensor E des Fahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_classification_sensor_e",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Classification sensor failed",
            "de": "Klassifizierungssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00B5",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Track Position Restraints Sensor",
        "de": "Fahrersitz-Schienen-Positionssensor (Rückhaltesystem)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the driver seat track position sensor — detects fore/aft seat position, used by the airbag controller to adapt deployment to seat distance from steering wheel.",
        "de": "Fehler am Schienen-Positionssensor des Fahrersitzes — erkennt die Vor-/Rückposition; das Airbag-Steuergerät passt die Auslösung an den Abstand zum Lenkrad an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seat_track_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Track position sensor failed",
            "de": "Schienen-Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00B6",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Recline Position Restraints Sensor",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Lehnen-Positionssensor (Rückhaltesystem)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the driver seat recline position sensor — detects backrest angle, used by the airbag controller for deployment scaling.",
        "de": "Fehler am Lehnen-Positionssensor des Fahrersitzes — erkennt den Lehnenwinkel zur Skalierung der Airbag-Auslösung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_recline_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Recline sensor failed",
            "de": "Lehnen-Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00B7",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Occupant Position Sensor A",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Insassen-Positionssensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat occupant position sensor A — detects occupant proximity to airbag (typically capacitive or ultrasonic).",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssensor A des Fahrersitzes — erkennt die Annäherung des Insassen an den Airbag (meist kapazitiv oder Ultraschall)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_occupant_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00B8",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Occupant Position Sensor B",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Insassen-Positionssensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat occupant position sensor B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssensor B des Fahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_occupant_position_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00B9",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Occupant Position Sensor C",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Insassen-Positionssensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat occupant position sensor C.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssensor C des Fahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_occupant_position_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00BA",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Occupant Position Sensor D",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Insassen-Positionssensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat occupant position sensor D.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssensor D des Fahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_occupant_position_sensor_d",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00BB",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Occupant Position Sensor E",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Insassen-Positionssensor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driver seat occupant position sensor E.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssensor E des Fahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_occupant_position_sensor_e",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00C0",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Occupant Classification Sensor A",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Insassen-Klassifizierungssensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat occupant classification sensor A — used to determine if the seat holds a child, adult or is empty (gates the passenger airbag).",
        "de": "Fehler am Klassifizierungssensor A des Beifahrersitzes — erkennt Kind/Erwachsener/leer (steuert den Beifahrerairbag)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_classification_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Classification sensor failed",
            "de": "Klassifizierungssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00C1",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Occupant Classification Sensor B",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Insassen-Klassifizierungssensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat occupant classification sensor B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Klassifizierungssensor B des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_classification_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Classification sensor failed",
            "de": "Klassifizierungssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00C2",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Occupant Classification Sensor C",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Insassen-Klassifizierungssensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat occupant classification sensor C.",
        "de": "Fehler am Klassifizierungssensor C des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_classification_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Classification sensor failed",
            "de": "Klassifizierungssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00C3",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Occupant Classification Sensor D",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Insassen-Klassifizierungssensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat occupant classification sensor D.",
        "de": "Fehler am Klassifizierungssensor D des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_classification_sensor_d",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Classification sensor failed",
            "de": "Klassifizierungssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00C4",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Occupant Classification Sensor E",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Insassen-Klassifizierungssensor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat occupant classification sensor E.",
        "de": "Fehler am Klassifizierungssensor E des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_classification_sensor_e",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Classification sensor failed",
            "de": "Klassifizierungssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00C5",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Track Position Restraints Sensor",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz-Schienen-Positionssensor (Rückhaltesystem)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the passenger seat track position sensor.",
        "de": "Fehler am Schienen-Positionssensor des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_seat_track_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Track position sensor failed",
            "de": "Schienen-Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00C6",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Recline Position Restraints Sensor",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Lehnen-Positionssensor (Rückhaltesystem)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the passenger seat recline position sensor.",
        "de": "Fehler am Lehnen-Positionssensor des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_recline_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Recline sensor failed",
            "de": "Lehnen-Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00C7",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Occupant Position Sensor A",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Insassen-Positionssensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat occupant position sensor A.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssensor A des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_occupant_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00C8",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Occupant Position Sensor B",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Insassen-Positionssensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat occupant position sensor B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssensor B des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_occupant_position_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00C9",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Occupant Position Sensor C",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Insassen-Positionssensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat occupant position sensor C.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssensor C des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_occupant_position_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00CA",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Occupant Position Sensor D",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Insassen-Positionssensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat occupant position sensor D.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssensor D des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_occupant_position_sensor_d",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00CB",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Occupant Position Sensor E",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Insassen-Positionssensor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on passenger seat occupant position sensor E.",
        "de": "Fehler am Insassen-Positionssensor E des Beifahrersitzes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_occupant_position_sensor_e",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00D0",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Belt Indicator",
        "de": "Fahrer Gurtanlege-Warnleuchte"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the driver seat belt warning indicator (lamp/icon in cluster).",
        "de": "Fehler an der Gurtanlege-Warnleuchte des Fahrers (Symbol im Kombiinstrument)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_belt_indicator",
        "cluster_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "indicator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp or driver failed",
            "de": "Warnleuchte oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00D1",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Belt Indicator",
        "de": "Beifahrer Gurtanlege-Warnleuchte"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the passenger seat belt warning indicator.",
        "de": "Fehler an der Gurtanlege-Warnleuchte des Beifahrers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_belt_indicator",
        "cluster_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "indicator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp or driver failed",
            "de": "Warnleuchte oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00D2",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Restraint System Malfunction Indicator 1",
        "de": "Rückhaltesystem-Warnleuchte 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the SRS (airbag) malfunction warning indicator 1 — usually the airbag warning lamp in the cluster.",
        "de": "Fehler an der SRS-Warnleuchte 1 — meist die Airbag-Warnleuchte im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "srs_indicator_1",
        "cluster_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "indicator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp or driver failed",
            "de": "Warnleuchte oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00D3",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Restraint System Malfunction Indicator 2",
        "de": "Rückhaltesystem-Warnleuchte 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on SRS malfunction warning indicator 2 (secondary indicator).",
        "de": "Fehler an SRS-Warnleuchte 2 (sekundäre Anzeige)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "srs_indicator_2",
        "cluster_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "indicator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp or driver failed",
            "de": "Warnleuchte oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00D4",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Restraint System Malfunction Audible Indicator",
        "de": "Rückhaltesystem-Warnsignal akustisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the audible warning (chime) for SRS malfunction.",
        "de": "Fehler am akustischen Warnsignal (Gong) für SRS-Probleme."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "srs_audible_indicator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chime_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chime module or speaker failed",
            "de": "Gong-Modul oder Lautsprecher defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00D5",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Restraint System Passenger Disable Indicator",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Airbag-Deaktivierungsanzeige"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the indicator that shows the passenger airbag is disabled (typically a \"PASSENGER AIRBAG OFF\" lamp).",
        "de": "Fehler an der Anzeige für deaktivierten Beifahrerairbag (typisch \"PASSENGER AIRBAG OFF\"-Leuchte)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_disable_indicator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "indicator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp or driver failed",
            "de": "Warnleuchte oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00DF",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Restraints Disable Switch",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Airbag-Deaktivierungsschalter"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the key-operated switch that manually disables the passenger airbag (typically used when fitting a rear-facing child seat).",
        "de": "Fehler am schlüsselbedienten Schalter zur manuellen Deaktivierung des Beifahrerairbags (z. B. bei rückwärtsgerichtetem Kindersitz)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_disable_switch",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts worn",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00E0",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Left Seat Belt Pretensioner B Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe links Gurtstraffer B Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row left seat belt pretensioner B deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers B der dritten Reihe links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_left_pretensioner_b",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner B squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-B-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00E1",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Right Seat Belt Pretensioner B Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe rechts Gurtstraffer B Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row right seat belt pretensioner B deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers B der dritten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_right_pretensioner_b",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner B squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-B-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00E2",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Center Seat Belt Pretensioner B Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe Mitte Gurtstraffer B Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row center seat belt pretensioner B deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers B der dritten Reihe Mitte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_center_pretensioner_b",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner B squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-B-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00E3",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Left Seat Belt Pretensioner C Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe links Gurtstraffer C Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row left seat belt pretensioner C deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers C der zweiten Reihe links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_left_pretensioner_c",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner C squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-C-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00E4",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Right Seat Belt Pretensioner C Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe rechts Gurtstraffer C Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row right seat belt pretensioner C deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers C der zweiten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_right_pretensioner_c",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner C squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-C-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00E5",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Center Seat Belt Pretensioner C Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe Mitte Gurtstraffer C Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row center seat belt pretensioner C deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers C der zweiten Reihe Mitte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_center_pretensioner_c",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner C squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-C-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00E6",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Right Seat Belt Pretensioner C Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe rechts Gurtstraffer C Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row right seat belt pretensioner C deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers C der dritten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_right_pretensioner_c",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner C squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-C-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00E7",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Left Seat Belt Pretensioner C Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe links Gurtstraffer C Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row left seat belt pretensioner C deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers C der dritten Reihe links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_left_pretensioner_c",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner C squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-C-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00E8",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Center Seat Belt Pretensioner C Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe Mitte Gurtstraffer C Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row center seat belt pretensioner C deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des Gurtstraffers C der dritten Reihe Mitte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_center_pretensioner_c",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pretensioner C squib open",
            "de": "Gurtstraffer-C-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Pretensioner"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00F0",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Inflatable Seat Belt Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrer aufblasbarer Sicherheitsgurt Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the deployment circuit of the driver inflatable seat belt. Inflatable belts (e.g. Ford rear-seat system) widen the belt webbing on impact to spread crash loads over a larger area.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des aufblasbaren Fahrer-Sicherheitsgurts. Aufblasbare Gurte (z. B. Ford-Rücksitzsystem) verbreitern das Gurtband bei Aufprall, um Crashlasten über größere Fläche zu verteilen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_inflatable_belt",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inflator squib open",
            "de": "Aufblasvorrichtung-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00F1",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Inflatable Seat Belt Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrer aufblasbarer Sicherheitsgurt Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the passenger inflatable seat belt deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des aufblasbaren Beifahrer-Sicherheitsgurts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_inflatable_belt",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inflator squib open",
            "de": "Aufblasvorrichtung-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00F2",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Left Inflatable Seat Belt Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe links aufblasbarer Sicherheitsgurt Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row left inflatable seat belt deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des aufblasbaren Sicherheitsgurts der zweiten Reihe links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_left_inflatable_belt",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inflator squib open",
            "de": "Aufblasvorrichtung-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00F3",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Center Inflatable Seat Belt Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe Mitte aufblasbarer Sicherheitsgurt Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row center inflatable seat belt deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des aufblasbaren Sicherheitsgurts der zweiten Reihe Mitte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_center_inflatable_belt",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inflator squib open",
            "de": "Aufblasvorrichtung-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00F4",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Second Row Right Inflatable Seat Belt Deployment Control",
        "de": "Zweite Reihe rechts aufblasbarer Sicherheitsgurt Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on second-row right inflatable seat belt deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des aufblasbaren Sicherheitsgurts der zweiten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "second_row_right_inflatable_belt",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inflator squib open",
            "de": "Aufblasvorrichtung-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00F5",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Left Inflatable Seat Belt Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe links aufblasbarer Sicherheitsgurt Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row left inflatable seat belt deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des aufblasbaren Sicherheitsgurts der dritten Reihe links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_left_inflatable_belt",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inflator squib open",
            "de": "Aufblasvorrichtung-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00F6",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Center Inflatable Seat Belt Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe Mitte aufblasbarer Sicherheitsgurt Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row center inflatable seat belt deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des aufblasbaren Sicherheitsgurts der dritten Reihe Mitte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_center_inflatable_belt",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inflator squib open",
            "de": "Aufblasvorrichtung-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B00F7",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third Row Right Inflatable Seat Belt Deployment Control",
        "de": "Dritte Reihe rechts aufblasbarer Sicherheitsgurt Auslösekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on third-row right inflatable seat belt deployment circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslösekreis des aufblasbaren Sicherheitsgurts der dritten Reihe rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "third_row_right_inflatable_belt",
        "squib_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "squib_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inflator squib open",
            "de": "Aufblasvorrichtung-Zündkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0100",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Door Lock Cylinder Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrertür-Schließzylinderschalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver door lock cylinder switch circuit. This switch detects key rotation in the door lock and is used for keyless functions and the alarm system.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Schließzylinderschalters der Fahrertür erkannt. Dieser Schalter erkennt die Schlüsseldrehung im Türschloss und wird für Keyless-Funktionen und die Alarmanlage genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_lock_cylinder_switch",
        "body_control_module",
        "door_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lock_cylinder_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock cylinder switch failed",
            "de": "Schließzylinderschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door harness broken in door hinge area",
            "de": "Türkabelbaum im Türscharnierbereich gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0101",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Crash Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Frontcrash-Sensor Stromkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the front crash sensor circuit, used to detect frontal impacts and trigger airbags/pretensioners.",
        "de": "Im Frontcrash-Sensor-Stromkreis wurde ein Fehler erkannt; dieser dient der Erkennung von Frontalaufprall und der Auslösung von Airbags/Gurtstraffern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_crash_sensor",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor damaged after minor impact",
            "de": "Sensor nach Kleinstaufprall beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector behind bumper",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker hinter Stoßstange"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0102",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Mirror Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Außenspiegel-Verstellschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the power mirror switch circuit. The switch input does not match a valid pattern — mirror adjustment may be inoperative.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Außenspiegel-Verstellschalters erkannt. Das Schaltersignal entspricht keinem gültigen Muster — die Spiegelverstellung kann ausfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_switch",
        "door_wiring_harness",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mirror switch failed",
            "de": "Spiegelverstellschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_mirror"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0103",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Crash Sensor Left Communication Lost",
        "de": "Frontcrash-Sensor links Kommunikation verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Communication with the left front crash sensor has been lost; SRS deployment logic for frontal impacts is degraded.",
        "de": "Die Kommunikation mit dem linken Frontcrash-Sensor ist verloren; die SRS-Auslöselogik für Frontalaufprall ist eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_front_crash_sensor",
        "srs_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open bus wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Busverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0104",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Mirror Adjust Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrer-Außenspiegelverstellschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver-side mirror adjust switch circuit. The mirror cannot be moved via the switch on the driver door.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des fahrerseitigen Spiegelverstellschalters erkannt. Der Spiegel kann über den Schalter in der Fahrertür nicht bewegt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_switch",
        "door_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver mirror switch failed",
            "de": "Fahrerseitiger Spiegelschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_mirror"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0105",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Crash Sensor Right Communication Lost",
        "de": "Frontcrash-Sensor rechts Kommunikation verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Communication with the right front crash sensor has been lost.",
        "de": "Die Kommunikation mit dem rechten Frontcrash-Sensor ist verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_front_crash_sensor",
        "srs_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open bus wiring to sensor",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Busverkabelung zum Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0106",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Mirror Adjust Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Außenspiegelverstellschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the passenger-side mirror adjust switch circuit. Same fault profile as B0104 but for the passenger mirror.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des beifahrerseitigen Spiegelverstellschalters erkannt. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie B0104, jedoch für den Beifahrerspiegel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_switch",
        "door_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Passenger mirror switch failed",
            "de": "Beifahrerseitiger Spiegelschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_mirror"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0107",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rollover Sensor Malfunction",
        "de": "Überschlagssensor Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rollover sensor used to deploy curtain airbags or trigger fuel cutoff in a rollover event has failed plausibility checks.",
        "de": "Der Überschlagssensor, der zur Auslösung von Kopfairbags oder Kraftstoffabschaltung im Überschlagsfall dient, hat die Plausibilitätsprüfung nicht bestanden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rollover_sensor",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor failure",
            "de": "Interner Sensorausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose sensor mounting",
            "de": "Lose Sensorbefestigung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0108",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mirror Folder Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Spiegelanklappschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the mirror folder switch circuit. Power-folding mirrors cannot be folded or unfolded via the switch.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Spiegelanklappschalters erkannt. Elektrisch anklappbare Spiegel können über den Schalter nicht angeklappt oder ausgeklappt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_folder_switch",
        "door_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Folder switch failed",
            "de": "Anklappschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_mirror"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0109",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "LIDAR Washer Actuator D",
        "de": "LIDAR-Reinigungsaktuator D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on LIDAR washer actuator D — sprays cleaning fluid onto the LIDAR sensor lens to keep it free of dirt, snow or insects.",
        "de": "Fehler am LIDAR-Reinigungsaktuator D — sprüht Reinigungsflüssigkeit auf die LIDAR-Sensorlinse, um sie frei von Schmutz, Schnee oder Insekten zu halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lidar_washer_actuator_d",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidar"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B010A",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator A",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator A — sprays fluid on a camera lens (front camera, surround-view, etc.) to keep ADAS vision systems clear.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator A — sprüht Flüssigkeit auf eine Kameralinse (Frontkamera, Surround-View, etc.) zur Sauberhaltung der Sichtsysteme."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_a",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B010B",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator B",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B010C",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator C",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator C.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_c",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B010D",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator D",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator D.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_d",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B010E",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator E",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator E.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_e",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B010F",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator F",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator F.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_f",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0110",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Pelvic/Thorax Airbag Deployment Control",
        "de": "Fahrer Becken-/Thorax-Airbag Auslösesteuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a deployment control fault for the driver pelvic/thorax airbag commonly integrated into the seat backrest.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Auslösefehler des Fahrer-Becken-/Thorax-Airbags festgestellt, der üblicherweise in der Sitzlehne integriert ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_thorax_airbag",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seat_connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector under seat",
            "de": "Loser Stecker unter dem Sitz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_pinched",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring pinched in seat frame",
            "de": "Verkabelung im Sitzgestell eingeklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0111",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator H",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator H.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator H."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_h",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0112",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator J",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator J.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator J."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_j",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0113",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator K",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator K.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator K."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_k",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0114",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator L",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator L.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator L."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_l",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0115",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator M",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator M"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator M.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator M."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_m",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0116",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator N",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator N"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator N.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator N."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_n",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0117",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator O",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator O"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator O.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator O."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_o",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0118",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator P",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator P"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator P.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator P."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_p",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0119",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator Q",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator Q"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator Q.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator Q."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_q",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B011A",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator R",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator R"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator R.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator R."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_r",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B011B",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camera Washer Actuator S",
        "de": "Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator S"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on camera washer actuator S.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kamera-Reinigungsaktuator S."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camera_washer_actuator_s",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer actuator failed",
            "de": "Reinigungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B011C",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fluid Reservoir Level Sensor A",
        "de": "Flüssigkeits-Vorratsbehälter Füllstandsensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on fluid reservoir level sensor A. Tracks fluid level in a wash, brake or coolant reservoir.",
        "de": "Fehler am Füllstandsensor A des Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälters. Überwacht den Pegel in einem Wasch-, Brems- oder Kühlmittelbehälter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fluid_reservoir_level_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float or sensor failed",
            "de": "Schwimmer oder Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B011D",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fluid Reservoir Level Sensor B",
        "de": "Flüssigkeits-Vorratsbehälter Füllstandsensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on fluid reservoir level sensor B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Füllstandsensor B des Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fluid_reservoir_level_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float or sensor failed",
            "de": "Schwimmer oder Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B011E",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fluid Reservoir Level Sensor C",
        "de": "Flüssigkeits-Vorratsbehälter Füllstandsensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on fluid reservoir level sensor C.",
        "de": "Fehler am Füllstandsensor C des Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fluid_reservoir_level_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float or sensor failed",
            "de": "Schwimmer oder Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B011F",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fluid Reservoir Level Sensor D",
        "de": "Flüssigkeits-Vorratsbehälter Füllstandsensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on fluid reservoir level sensor D.",
        "de": "Fehler am Füllstandsensor D des Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fluid_reservoir_level_sensor_d",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float or sensor failed",
            "de": "Schwimmer oder Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0120",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Pelvic/Thorax Airbag Deployment Control",
        "de": "Beifahrer Becken-/Thorax-Airbag Auslösesteuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a deployment control fault for the passenger pelvic/thorax airbag.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Auslösefehler des Beifahrer-Becken-/Thorax-Airbags festgestellt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_thorax_airbag",
        "srs_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seat_connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose seat connector",
            "de": "Loser Sitzstecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring damaged in seat track",
            "de": "Verkabelung an Sitzschiene beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0121",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fluid Reservoir Level Sensor F",
        "de": "Flüssigkeits-Vorratsbehälter Füllstandsensor F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on fluid reservoir level sensor F.",
        "de": "Fehler am Füllstandsensor F des Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fluid_reservoir_level_sensor_f",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float or sensor failed",
            "de": "Schwimmer oder Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0122",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pedestrian Alert Speaker A",
        "de": "Fußgängerwarnsignal-Lautsprecher A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on pedestrian alert speaker A — emits an artificial driving sound at low speed on EVs/hybrids (legally required, e.g. UNECE R138, FMVSS 141).",
        "de": "Fehler am Lautsprecher A des Fußgängerwarnsignals — gibt bei EVs/Hybriden im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich ein künstliches Fahrgeräusch ab (gesetzlich vorgeschrieben, z. B. UNECE R138, FMVSS 141)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pedestrian_alert_speaker_a",
        "speaker_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "speaker_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Speaker coil open",
            "de": "Lautsprecher-Spule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0123",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pedestrian Alert Speaker B",
        "de": "Fußgängerwarnsignal-Lautsprecher B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on pedestrian alert speaker B (second/redundant speaker).",
        "de": "Fehler am Lautsprecher B des Fußgängerwarnsignals (zweiter/redundanter Lautsprecher)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pedestrian_alert_speaker_b",
        "speaker_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "speaker_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Speaker coil open",
            "de": "Lautsprecher-Spule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0124",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Night Vision Camera",
        "de": "Nachtsicht-Kamera"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the night vision camera (typically a thermal/far-infrared camera that detects pedestrians and animals beyond headlight range).",
        "de": "Fehler an der Nachtsicht-Kamera (meist eine Thermal-/Ferninfrarot-Kamera, die Fußgänger und Tiere außerhalb der Scheinwerferreichweite erkennt)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "night_vision_camera",
        "camera_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "camera_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Camera module failed",
            "de": "Kameramodul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_night_vision"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0125",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Side Mirror Position Sensor",
        "de": "Fahrer-Außenspiegel Positionssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver-side mirror position sensor. Memory mirror positions cannot be saved or restored reliably.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Positionssensor des Fahrer-Außenspiegels erkannt. Memory-Spiegelpositionen können nicht zuverlässig gespeichert oder abgerufen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_position_sensor",
        "mirror_motor_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor or potentiometer failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor oder Potentiometer defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mirror_assembly_water_ingress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress into mirror assembly",
            "de": "Wassereintritt in das Spiegelgehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_mirror"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0126",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Side Mirror Position Sensor",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Außenspiegel Positionssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the passenger-side mirror position sensor. Same fault profile as B0125 but for the passenger mirror.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Positionssensor des Beifahrer-Außenspiegels erkannt. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie B0125, jedoch für den Beifahrerspiegel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_position_sensor",
        "mirror_motor_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mirror_assembly_water_ingress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress into mirror assembly",
            "de": "Wassereintritt in das Spiegelgehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_mirror"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0127",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter A High Voltage Power Outlet \"A\" Circuit/Open",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler A Hochvolt-Steckdose \"A\" Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the high-voltage power outlet \"A\" of DC/AC converter A. The outlet supplies 110/230 V AC from the HV battery on EVs/hybrids (vehicle-to-load).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Hochvolt-Steckdose \"A\" des DC/AC-Wandlers A. Die Steckdose liefert 110/230 V AC aus der HV-Batterie bei EVs/Hybriden (Vehicle-to-Load)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_ac_converter_a",
        "hv_outlet_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet wiring open",
            "de": "Steckdosen-Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0128",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Occupant Detection System Malfunction",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Sitzbelegungserkennung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The passenger occupant detection system (ODS), used to enable/disable the passenger airbag based on weight, has reported a malfunction.",
        "de": "Die Beifahrer-Sitzbelegungserkennung (ODS), die den Beifahrerairbag gewichtsabhängig aktiviert oder deaktiviert, meldet eine Fehlfunktion."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "occupant_detection_sensor",
        "passenger_seat",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ods_sensor_mat_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat sensor mat failure",
            "de": "Defekte Sitzsensormatte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ods_calibration_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ODS calibration lost after seat work",
            "de": "ODS-Kalibrierung nach Sitzarbeiten verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose ODS connector",
            "de": "Loser ODS-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0129",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter A High Voltage Power Outlet \"C\" Circuit/Open",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler A Hochvolt-Steckdose \"C\" Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the high-voltage power outlet \"C\" of DC/AC converter A.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Hochvolt-Steckdose \"C\" des DC/AC-Wandlers A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_ac_converter_a",
        "hv_outlet_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet wiring open",
            "de": "Steckdosen-Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B012A",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter A High Voltage Power Outlet \"D\" Circuit/Open",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler A Hochvolt-Steckdose \"D\" Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the high-voltage power outlet \"D\" of DC/AC converter A.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Hochvolt-Steckdose \"D\" des DC/AC-Wandlers A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_ac_converter_a",
        "hv_outlet_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet wiring open",
            "de": "Steckdosen-Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B012B",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter A High Voltage Power Outlet \"E\" Circuit/Open",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler A Hochvolt-Steckdose \"E\" Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the high-voltage power outlet \"E\" of DC/AC converter A.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Hochvolt-Steckdose \"E\" des DC/AC-Wandlers A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_ac_converter_a",
        "hv_outlet_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet wiring open",
            "de": "Steckdosen-Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B012C",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter A High Voltage Power Outlet Control Module \"A\"",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler A Hochvolt-Steckdosen-Steuermodul \"A\""
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault reported by control module \"A\" of the high-voltage power outlet on DC/AC converter A.",
        "de": "Fehler im Steuermodul \"A\" der Hochvolt-Steckdose des DC/AC-Wandlers A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_outlet_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B012D",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter A High Voltage Power Outlet Control Module \"B\"",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler A Hochvolt-Steckdosen-Steuermodul \"B\""
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault reported by control module \"B\".",
        "de": "Fehler im Steuermodul \"B\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_outlet_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B012E",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter A High Voltage Power Outlet Control Module \"C\"",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler A Hochvolt-Steckdosen-Steuermodul \"C\""
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault reported by control module \"C\".",
        "de": "Fehler im Steuermodul \"C\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_outlet_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B012F",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/V Sensor Washer Fluid A Control Circuit",
        "de": "A/V-Sensor-Reinigungsfluid A Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the control circuit of the audio/video sensor washer fluid pump A. Sprays cleaning fluid on ADAS audio/video sensor lenses.",
        "de": "Fehler am Steuerschaltkreis der Audio/Video-Sensor-Reinigungsfluidpumpe A. Sprüht Reinigungsfluid auf die Linsen der Fahrerassistenz-Audio/Video-Sensoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "av_washer_fluid_pump_a",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer fluid pump failed",
            "de": "Reinigungspumpe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0130",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seatbelt Tension Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrer-Gurtspannungssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver seatbelt tension sensor circuit is faulty. This sensor is used by the SRS to adjust deployment based on belt usage.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Fahrer-Gurtspannungssensors ist defekt. Dieser Sensor wird vom SRS zur belastungsabhängigen Auslösung verwendet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seatbelt_tension_sensor",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tension sensor fault",
            "de": "Defekter Spannungssensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0131",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/V Sensor Washer Fluid C Control Circuit",
        "de": "A/V-Sensor-Reinigungsfluid C Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the audio/video sensor washer fluid pump C control circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Steuerschaltkreis der A/V-Sensor-Reinigungsfluidpumpe C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "av_washer_fluid_pump_c",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer fluid pump failed",
            "de": "Reinigungspumpe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0132",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/V Sensor Washer Fluid D Control Circuit",
        "de": "A/V-Sensor-Reinigungsfluid D Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the A/V sensor washer fluid pump D control circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Steuerschaltkreis der A/V-Sensor-Reinigungsfluidpumpe D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "av_washer_fluid_pump_d",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer fluid pump failed",
            "de": "Reinigungspumpe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0133",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/V Sensor Washer Fluid E Control Circuit",
        "de": "A/V-Sensor-Reinigungsfluid E Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the A/V sensor washer fluid pump E control circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Steuerschaltkreis der A/V-Sensor-Reinigungsfluidpumpe E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "av_washer_fluid_pump_e",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer fluid pump failed",
            "de": "Reinigungspumpe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0134",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/V Sensor Washer Fluid F Control Circuit",
        "de": "A/V-Sensor-Reinigungsfluid F Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the A/V sensor washer fluid pump F control circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Steuerschaltkreis der A/V-Sensor-Reinigungsfluidpumpe F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "av_washer_fluid_pump_f",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer fluid pump failed",
            "de": "Reinigungspumpe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0140",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seatbelt Tension Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Gurtspannungssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The passenger seatbelt tension sensor circuit is faulty.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Beifahrer-Gurtspannungssensors ist defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_seatbelt_tension_sensor",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tension sensor fault",
            "de": "Defekter Spannungssensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose sensor connector",
            "de": "Loser Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0150",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Mode Door Range/Performance",
        "de": "HVAC-Klappensteller Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected that the air distribution mode door (e.g. floor/face/defrost) does not reach the commanded position within the expected time. The actuator may be stuck, the door binding, or the position feedback inaccurate.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Luftverteilungsklappe (z. B. Fuß/Gesicht/Defrost) die angesteuerte Position nicht in der erwarteten Zeit erreicht. Der Stellmotor klemmt, die Klappe blockiert oder die Positionsrückmeldung ist ungenau."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mode_door_actuator",
        "hvac_control_module",
        "mode_door_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mode_door_actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mode door actuator motor failed",
            "de": "Klappensteller-Motor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mode_door_binding",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mode door mechanically binding",
            "de": "Klappe mechanisch schwergängig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault to actuator",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler am Steller"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0152",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Buckle Switch Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Gurtschloss Fahrer Schalter Stromkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver seatbelt buckle switch circuit, used to detect whether the belt is fastened, is malfunctioning. The seatbelt warning may be permanently on or off.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Fahrer-Gurtschlossschalters, der erkennt, ob der Gurt angelegt ist, ist defekt. Die Gurtwarnung kann dauerhaft an oder aus sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_buckle_switch",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Buckle switch worn or stuck",
            "de": "Gurtschloss-Schalter verschlissen oder klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire break under seat",
            "de": "Kabelbruch unter dem Sitz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0154",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Buckle Switch Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Gurtschloss Beifahrer Schalter Stromkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The passenger seatbelt buckle switch circuit is malfunctioning.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Beifahrer-Gurtschlossschalters ist defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_buckle_switch",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Buckle switch failure",
            "de": "Defekter Gurtschloss-Schalter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded buckle connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Gurtschloss-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0156",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sun Load Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Sonneneinstrahlungssensor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected an implausible signal from the sun load (solar) sensor, typically located on the dashboard. Automatic climate control uses this signal to bias cooling on the side facing the sun.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Sonneneinstrahlungssensor erkannt — meist im Armaturenbrett verbaut. Die Klimaautomatik nutzt das Signal, um die Kühlung zur sonnenzugewandten Seite zu verstärken."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sun_load_sensor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sun_load_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sun load sensor failed",
            "de": "Sonneneinstrahlungssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sun_load_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0158",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Umgebungslufttemperatursensor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected an implausible signal from the ambient air temperature sensor used by the climate control system. Symptoms include incorrect outside temperature display and erratic automatic climate behavior.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Umgebungslufttemperatursensor erkannt. Symptome sind eine falsche Außentemperaturanzeige und unstetiges Verhalten der Klimaautomatik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temperature_sensor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient air temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Umgebungslufttemperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0159",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Outside Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Außentemperatursensor Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module reports an out-of-range or implausible reading from the outside air temperature sensor. The displayed value may be stuck or impossibly high/low.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät meldet einen Wert außerhalb des Bereichs oder unplausibel vom Außentemperatursensor. Die Anzeige kann eingefroren oder unrealistisch hoch/niedrig sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "outside_temperature_sensor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outside temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Außentemperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0160",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Innenraumtemperatursensor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected an implausible signal from the in-vehicle temperature sensor — typically an aspirated sensor in the dashboard. Automatic climate control regulates cabin temperature using this signal.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Innenraumtemperatursensor erkannt — meist ein angesaugter Sensor im Armaturenbrett. Die Klimaautomatik regelt die Innenraumtemperatur anhand dieses Signals."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "in_vehicle_temperature_sensor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cabin_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "In-vehicle temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Innenraumtemperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "aspirator_fan_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aspirator fan or duct blocked",
            "de": "Ansaugventilator oder Kanal blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0162",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sun Load Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Sonneneinstrahlungssensor 2 Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected an implausible signal from the second sun load sensor. Dual-zone systems use two solar sensors to detect side-asymmetric sunlight and adjust left/right airflow temperature.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom zweiten Sonneneinstrahlungssensor erkannt. Zwei-Zonen-Systeme nutzen zwei Sonnensensoren, um seitenabhängige Sonneneinstrahlung zu erkennen und die linke/rechte Luftauslasstemperatur anzupassen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sun_load_sensor_2",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sun_load_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sun load sensor 2 failed",
            "de": "Sonneneinstrahlungssensor 2 defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sun_load_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0164",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Bag In-Vehicle Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Innenraum-Temperatursensor (SRS) Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected in the in-vehicle temperature sensor circuit used by the SRS module for deployment compensation.",
        "de": "Ein Fehler wurde im Innenraum-Temperatursensor-Stromkreis erkannt, der vom SRS-Steuergerät zur Auslösekompensation verwendet wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "in_vehicle_temperature_sensor",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failure",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring short or open",
            "de": "Kabel kurzgeschlossen oder unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0166",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Discharge Air Temperature Sensor",
        "de": "HVAC-Auslasslufttemperatursensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module reports an implausible signal from the discharge (vent outlet) air temperature sensor. This sensor verifies that the actual outlet air temperature matches the commanded value.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät meldet ein unplausibles Signal vom Auslasslufttemperatursensor. Dieser Sensor prüft, ob die tatsächliche Ausströmtemperatur dem Sollwert entspricht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "discharge_air_temp_sensor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "discharge_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Discharge air temp sensor failed",
            "de": "Auslasslufttemperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "discharge_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0168",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Air Mix Door Performance",
        "de": "HVAC-Mischklappe Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected that the air mix (blend) door does not reach the commanded position within the expected time. The blend door regulates the ratio of air through the heater core versus around it.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Mischklappe (Blend Door) die angesteuerte Position nicht in der erwarteten Zeit erreicht. Die Klappe regelt den Anteil der Luft durch den Heizungswärmetauscher."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_mix_door_actuator",
        "hvac_control_module",
        "blend_door_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blend_door_actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blend door actuator motor failed",
            "de": "Mischklappen-Stellmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blend_door_binding",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blend door mechanically binding or broken",
            "de": "Mischklappe schwergängig oder gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0170",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Mode Door Position Sensor",
        "de": "HVAC-Modusklappen Positionssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module reports an implausible position signal from the mode (air distribution) door feedback sensor. Without valid feedback the actuator cannot be regulated to the correct position.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät meldet ein unplausibles Positionssignal vom Rückmeldesensor der Modusklappe. Ohne gültige Rückmeldung kann der Stellmotor nicht korrekt geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mode_door_position_sensor",
        "mode_door_actuator",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mode_door_position_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mode door position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor der Modusklappe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault to actuator",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler am Steller"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0173",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Air Inlet Door",
        "de": "HVAC-Ansaugklappe"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected a fault on the fresh-air/recirculation inlet door — typically a stuck actuator or position feedback out of range.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler an der Frischluft/Umluft-Ansaugklappe erkannt — meist ein klemmender Stellmotor oder eine Rückmeldung außerhalb des Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_inlet_door_actuator",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inlet_actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inlet door actuator failed",
            "de": "Ansaugklappen-Stellmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "inlet_door_binding",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inlet door mechanically binding",
            "de": "Ansaugklappe schwergängig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0175",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Recirculation Door Performance",
        "de": "HVAC-Umluftklappe Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected that the recirculation door does not reach the commanded position within the expected time. The recirc door switches between fresh air and recirculated cabin air.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Umluftklappe die angesteuerte Position nicht in der erwarteten Zeit erreicht. Die Klappe schaltet zwischen Frischluft und umgewälzter Innenraumluft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "recirculation_door_actuator",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "recirc_actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Recirculation door actuator failed",
            "de": "Umluftklappen-Stellmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "recirc_door_binding",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Recirculation door mechanically binding",
            "de": "Umluftklappe schwergängig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0181",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Blower Motor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Vorderer Gebläsemotor Schaltung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected low voltage or a short to ground in the front blower motor circuit. The blower may run too slow or not at all.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat eine zu niedrige Spannung oder einen Masseschluss im Stromkreis des vorderen Gebläsemotors erkannt. Das Gebläse läuft zu langsam oder gar nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_blower_motor",
        "blower_resistor_or_module",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blower_motor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blower motor worn or seized",
            "de": "Gebläsemotor verschlissen oder fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blower_resistor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blower resistor or power module failed",
            "de": "Gebläsewiderstand oder Leistungsmodul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blower_wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0182",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front/Passenger Side Buckle Tension Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Gurtspannungssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The right front buckle tension sensor circuit is reporting a malfunction.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Beifahrer-Gurtspannungssensors meldet eine Fehlfunktion."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_buckle_tension_sensor",
        "srs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failure",
            "de": "Sensorausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0184",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Blower Motor Circuit",
        "de": "Hinterer Gebläsemotor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected a fault in the rear blower motor circuit, used in vehicles with separate rear climate zones. Symptoms include no rear airflow or rear blower stuck on.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des hinteren Gebläsemotors erkannt — in Fahrzeugen mit separater Heckklima-Zone. Symptome sind fehlender Heckluftstrom oder dauerhaft laufendes Heckgebläse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_blower_motor",
        "rear_blower_resistor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rear_blower_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear blower motor failed",
            "de": "Hinterer Gebläsemotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rear_blower_resistor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear blower resistor failed",
            "de": "Hinterer Gebläsewiderstand defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0186",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Blower Motor Speed Performance",
        "de": "Frontgebläsemotor Drehzahl Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected that the front blower motor does not run at the commanded speed. Possible causes include a worn motor, blocked airway, or driver module fault.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass der Frontgebläsemotor nicht mit der angeforderten Drehzahl läuft. Mögliche Ursachen sind ein verschlissener Motor, ein verstopfter Luftpfad oder ein Fehler im Endstufenmodul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "blower_motor",
        "blower_resistor",
        "cabin_air_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blower_motor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blower motor worn or seized",
            "de": "Gebläsemotor verschlissen oder fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cabin_filter_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cabin filter heavily blocked",
            "de": "Innenraumfilter stark verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0188",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Wiper Motor Circuit",
        "de": "Heckwischermotor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the rear wiper motor circuit. Possible faults include an open or shorted motor winding, a stuck mechanism, or wiring damage in the tailgate harness.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Heckwischermotors erkannt. Möglich sind eine Unterbrechung oder ein Kurzschluss in der Motorwicklung, ein blockierter Mechanismus oder ein Verkabelungsschaden im Heckklappenkabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_wiper_motor",
        "body_control_module",
        "tailgate_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rear_wiper_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear wiper motor failed",
            "de": "Heckwischermotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tailgate_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tailgate harness broken at hinge",
            "de": "Heckklappenkabelbaum am Scharnier gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rear_wiper_fuse",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear wiper fuse blown",
            "de": "Sicherung Heckwischer durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0190",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Wiper Park Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Frontwischer Parkschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the front wiper park switch circuit. The wipers may not return to the park position when switched off.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Frontwischer-Parkschalters erkannt. Die Wischer kehren beim Ausschalten möglicherweise nicht in die Parkposition zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wiper_motor",
        "wiper_park_switch",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "park_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Park switch in wiper motor failed",
            "de": "Parkschalter im Wischermotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or corroded",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windscreen_wiper"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0192",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Wiper Speed Performance",
        "de": "Frontwischer Geschwindigkeit Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected that the front wiper does not run at the commanded speed. Possible causes include a worn motor, binding linkage, or excessive load.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass der Frontwischer nicht mit der angeforderten Geschwindigkeit läuft. Mögliche Ursachen sind ein verschlissener Motor, schwergängiges Gestänge oder zu hohe Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wiper_motor",
        "wiper_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiper_motor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiper motor worn",
            "de": "Wischermotor verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_binding",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiper linkage binding or seized",
            "de": "Wischergestänge schwergängig oder fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windscreen_wiper"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0200",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Bag System Voltage Out of Range",
        "de": "Airbagsystem Versorgungsspannung außerhalb Bereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected that its supply voltage is outside the operating range, preventing reliable deployment readiness.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Versorgungsspannung außerhalb des Betriebsbereichs liegt, was eine zuverlässige Auslösebereitschaft verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "srs_control_module",
        "vehicle_battery",
        "srs_power_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak or failing vehicle battery",
            "de": "Schwache oder defekte Fahrzeugbatterie"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator output low or unstable",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenleistung niedrig oder instabil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "srs_power_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged SRS power wiring",
            "de": "Beschädigte SRS-Versorgungsverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0205",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Defroster Door Position",
        "de": "HVAC Defroster-Klappe Position"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC control module has detected that the defroster door (windshield air outlet flap) does not reach the commanded position. Defrosting performance may be reduced.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Defroster-Klappe (Windschutzscheiben-Luftauslass) die angeforderte Position nicht erreicht. Die Entfrostungsleistung kann eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "blend_door_actuator",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door actuator motor failed or stripped",
            "de": "Klappenmotor defekt oder ausgeschlagen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door linkage broken",
            "de": "Klappengestänge gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0210",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rain Sensor Module",
        "de": "Regensensor-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the rain sensor module on the windshield. Automatic wiper activation based on moisture detection is no longer available.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Regensensor-Modul an der Windschutzscheibe erkannt. Die automatische Wischeraktivierung anhand der Feuchtigkeitserkennung ist nicht mehr verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rain_sensor",
        "body_control_module",
        "windshield"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rain_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rain sensor failed or detached",
            "de": "Regensensor defekt oder gelöst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "windshield_replaced_uncoded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Windshield replaced without sensor recoding",
            "de": "Windschutzscheibe ohne Sensor-Codierung getauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windscreen_wiper"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0220",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Wiper Motor Speed Circuit",
        "de": "Vorderer Wischermotor Drehzahl Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected that the front wiper motor speed feedback does not match the commanded speed. The motor may run only on one speed or not at all.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Drehzahlrückmeldung des vorderen Wischermotors nicht dem Sollwert entspricht. Der Motor läuft nur auf einer Stufe oder gar nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_wiper_motor",
        "body_control_module",
        "wiper_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiper_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiper motor brushes worn",
            "de": "Wischermotor-Kohlen verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiper_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiper relay failed",
            "de": "Wischerrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiper_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0223",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "SRS Indicator Lamp Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Airbag-Warnleuchte Stromkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SRS module has detected a fault in the airbag warning lamp circuit. The lamp may be inoperative, which prevents driver notification of stored faults.",
        "de": "Das SRS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Airbag-Warnleuchte erkannt. Die Leuchte kann ausfallen, sodass gespeicherte Fehler dem Fahrer nicht angezeigt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "srs_warning_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt-out warning bulb (older clusters)",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Glühbirne (ältere Kombiinstrumente)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cluster_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Instrument cluster fault",
            "de": "Defekt im Kombiinstrument"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0226",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Headlamp Auto-Leveling Front Sensor",
        "de": "Scheinwerfer-Leuchtweitenregulierung Sensor vorn"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module reports an implausible signal from the front ride-height sensor used by the automatic headlamp leveling system. Without valid input, the headlamp pitch cannot be corrected for vehicle load.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät meldet ein unplausibles Signal vom vorderen Niveausensor der automatischen Leuchtweitenregulierung. Ohne gültige Eingabe kann die Scheinwerferneigung nicht beladungsabhängig korrigiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_ride_height_sensor",
        "headlamp_leveling_module",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ride_height_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Front ride height sensor failed",
            "de": "Vorderer Niveausensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ride_height_linkage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor linkage broken or detached",
            "de": "Sensorhebel gebrochen oder abgefallen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0228",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Fog Lamp Circuit",
        "de": "Nebelscheinwerfer Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the front fog lamp circuit — typically an open bulb, blown fuse, or wiring fault. One or both fog lamps may not work.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Nebelscheinwerfer erkannt — meist eine durchgebrannte Lampe, eine defekte Sicherung oder ein Verkabelungsfehler. Ein oder beide Nebelscheinwerfer arbeiten nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_fog_lamp",
        "fog_lamp_relay",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fog_lamp_bulb_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fog lamp bulb blown",
            "de": "Nebelscheinwerferlampe durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fog_lamp_fuse",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fog lamp fuse blown",
            "de": "Sicherung Nebelscheinwerfer durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fog_lamp_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0231",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Marker Lamp Circuit",
        "de": "Vordere Begrenzungsleuchte Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the front side marker lamp circuit. The lamp does not match the commanded state — the bulb may be burned out or the wiring is open.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der vorderen Begrenzungsleuchte erkannt. Die Leuchte entspricht nicht dem Sollzustand — die Lampe kann durchgebrannt oder die Verkabelung unterbrochen sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "marker_lamp",
        "body_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bulb burned out",
            "de": "Leuchtmittel durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or socket corroded",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder Sockel korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0233",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Tail Lamp Circuit",
        "de": "Rückleuchte Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the rear tail lamp circuit. The lamp does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Rückleuchte erkannt. Die Leuchte entspricht nicht dem Sollzustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tail_lamp",
        "body_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bulb burned out",
            "de": "Leuchtmittel durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or socket corroded",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder Sockel korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0235",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Lamp Circuit",
        "de": "Bremsleuchte Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the brake lamp circuit. One or more brake lamps do not match the commanded state — a safety-relevant fault.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Bremsleuchte erkannt. Eine oder mehrere Bremsleuchten entsprechen nicht dem Sollzustand — ein sicherheitsrelevanter Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_lamp",
        "brake_light_switch",
        "body_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bulb burned out",
            "de": "Leuchtmittel durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake light switch failed",
            "de": "Bremslichtschalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0237",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Backup Lamp Circuit",
        "de": "Rückfahrleuchte Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the backup (reverse) lamp circuit. The lamp does not match the commanded state when reverse gear is engaged.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Rückfahrleuchte erkannt. Die Leuchte entspricht beim Einlegen des Rückwärtsgangs nicht dem Sollzustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "backup_lamp",
        "reverse_switch",
        "body_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bulb burned out",
            "de": "Leuchtmittel durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reverse_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reverse switch failed",
            "de": "Rückfahrschalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0239",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "License Plate Lamp Circuit",
        "de": "Kennzeichenleuchte Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the license plate lamp circuit. The lamp does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Kennzeichenleuchte erkannt. Die Leuchte entspricht nicht dem Sollzustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "license_plate_lamp",
        "body_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bulb burned out",
            "de": "Leuchtmittel durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or socket corroded",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder Sockel korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0240",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Headlamp Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Lichtschalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected an implausible state at the headlamp switch — for example simultaneous low and high beam request, or no signal at all. Lighting functions may be erratic.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen unplausiblen Zustand am Lichtschalter erkannt — z. B. gleichzeitiges Abblend- und Fernlichtsignal oder kein Signal. Die Lichtfunktionen können unstetig sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_switch",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "headlamp_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Headlamp switch worn or failed",
            "de": "Lichtschalter verschlissen oder defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0245",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Window Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrer-Fensterheberschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver window switch circuit. The window may not respond to the switch in the driver door.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Fahrer-Fensterheberschalters erkannt. Das Fenster reagiert möglicherweise nicht auf den Schalter in der Fahrertür."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "window_switch",
        "door_wiring_harness",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Window switch failed",
            "de": "Fensterheberschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_window"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0247",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Window Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Beifahrer-Fensterheberschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the passenger window switch circuit. Same fault profile as B0245 but for the passenger window.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Beifahrer-Fensterheberschalters erkannt. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie B0245, jedoch für das Beifahrerfenster."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "window_switch",
        "door_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Window switch failed",
            "de": "Fensterheberschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_window"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0250",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Air Temperature Internal Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Innenraum-Lufttemperatursensor (HVAC) Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC controller has detected a fault in the internal cabin air temperature sensor circuit, used to regulate climate control output.",
        "de": "Das HVAC-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Innenraum-Lufttemperatursensors erkannt, der zur Regelung der Klimaanlage dient."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cabin_air_temperature_sensor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element failure",
            "de": "Defektes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blower_motor_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aspirator/blower fan dirty",
            "de": "Aspirator-/Lüftermotor verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wiring to sensor",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Verkabelung zum Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0252",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Window Motor Down Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrer-Fensterhebermotor Ab-Kreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver window motor down-direction control circuit. The window may not lower correctly.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Steuerkreis des Fahrer-Fensterhebermotors für die Ab-Richtung erkannt. Das Fenster lässt sich möglicherweise nicht korrekt absenken."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "window_motor",
        "door_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Window motor failed or seized",
            "de": "Fensterhebermotor defekt oder fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted or open",
            "de": "Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen oder unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_window"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0255",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Air Temperature External Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Außentemperatursensor (HVAC) Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the external (ambient) temperature sensor circuit used by the HVAC and instrument cluster.",
        "de": "Ein Fehler wurde im Stromkreis des Außentemperatursensors erkannt, der von HVAC und Kombiinstrument verwendet wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_temperature_sensor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient sensor failure (often behind front grille)",
            "de": "Außentemperatursensor defekt (meist hinter Kühlergrill)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water in connector",
            "de": "Wasser im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0258",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Air Mix Door 1 Circuit",
        "de": "HVAC Mischklappe 1 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC controller reports a fault in the actuator circuit for air mix door 1, which controls the proportion of warm and cool air in the airflow.",
        "de": "Das HVAC-Steuergerät meldet einen Fehler im Aktuatorstromkreis der Mischklappe 1, die das Verhältnis von Warm- und Kaltluft regelt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_air_mix_actuator",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air mix door actuator motor failed",
            "de": "Stellmotor der Mischklappe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "door_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mix door jammed by debris",
            "de": "Mischklappe durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wiring to actuator",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Verkabelung zum Stellmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0260",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Interior Light Circuit",
        "de": "Innenraumbeleuchtung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the interior light circuit. The lamp does not match the commanded state — common cause is a stuck door switch causing battery drain.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Innenraumbeleuchtung erkannt. Die Leuchte entspricht nicht dem Sollzustand — häufige Ursache ist ein klemmender Türkontaktschalter mit Batterieentladung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "interior_lamp",
        "door_jamb_switch",
        "body_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "door_switch_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door jamb switch stuck",
            "de": "Türkontaktschalter klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bulb_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bulb burned out",
            "de": "Leuchtmittel durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0263",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Air Mix Door 2 Circuit",
        "de": "HVAC Mischklappe 2 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the air mix door 2 actuator circuit, used in dual-zone HVAC systems for the passenger side.",
        "de": "Ein Fehler wurde im Stellkreis der Mischklappe 2 erkannt, die in 2-Zonen-Klimaanlagen für die Beifahrerseite zuständig ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_air_mix_actuator_2",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator motor failure",
            "de": "Stellmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "door_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mix door jammed",
            "de": "Mischklappe blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0265",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Door Lock/Unlock Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrertür Verriegelungs-/Entriegelungsschalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver door lock/unlock switch on the door panel. Pressing the switch may not lock or unlock the doors.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler am Verriegelungs-/Entriegelungsschalter in der Fahrertürverkleidung erkannt. Das Drücken des Schalters verriegelt oder entriegelt die Türen nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_lock_switch",
        "body_control_module",
        "door_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lock_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock/unlock switch failed",
            "de": "Verriegelungsschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door harness broken in hinge area",
            "de": "Türkabelbaum im Scharnierbereich gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_window"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0268",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Mode Door 1 Circuit",
        "de": "HVAC Modusklappe 1 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC mode door 1 actuator circuit, which routes airflow between defrost, vents, and floor, has reported a fault.",
        "de": "Der Stellkreis der Modusklappe 1, die den Luftstrom zwischen Defrost, Lüftungsdüsen und Fußraum verteilt, meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_mode_actuator",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mode actuator motor failure",
            "de": "Stellmotor der Modusklappe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_calibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator out of calibration",
            "de": "Stellmotor außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0270",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Door Lock Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Beifahrertür Verriegelungsschalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver door lock/unlock switch on the door panel. Pressing the switch may not lock or unlock the doors.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler am Verriegelungs-/Entriegelungsschalter in der Fahrertürverkleidung erkannt. Das Drücken des Schalters verriegelt oder entriegelt die Türen nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_lock_switch",
        "body_control_module",
        "door_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lock_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock switch failed",
            "de": "Verriegelungsschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door harness broken in hinge area",
            "de": "Türkabelbaum im Scharnierbereich gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_window"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0272",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Door Lock Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Zentralverriegelungs-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the power door lock switch circuit. Central locking may not respond to the door switch.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Zentralverriegelungs-Schalters erkannt. Die Zentralverriegelung reagiert möglicherweise nicht auf den Türschalter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_lock_switch",
        "door_wiring_harness",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock switch failed",
            "de": "Verriegelungsschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_door_lock"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0273",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Recirculation Door Circuit",
        "de": "HVAC Umluftklappe Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC recirculation door actuator circuit has reported a fault. Fresh/recirculated air switching may not work.",
        "de": "Der Stellkreis der Umluftklappe meldet einen Fehler. Die Umschaltung zwischen Frisch- und Umluft kann ausfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_recirculation_actuator",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Recirculation actuator failed",
            "de": "Umluftklappen-Stellmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "door_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Recirculation door stuck",
            "de": "Umluftklappe verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0274",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Trunk Lid Release Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Kofferraumdeckel-Entriegelungsschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the trunk lid release switch circuit. The trunk may not open via the interior or remote release.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Kofferraumdeckel-Entriegelungsschalters erkannt. Der Kofferraum lässt sich möglicherweise nicht über den Innen- oder Fernentriegelungstaster öffnen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trunk_release_switch",
        "body_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Release switch failed",
            "de": "Entriegelungsschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_door_lock"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0278",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Defrost Door Circuit",
        "de": "HVAC Defrost-Klappe Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected in the HVAC defrost door actuator circuit; defrost airflow may not engage.",
        "de": "Im Stellkreis der Defrost-Klappe der Klimaanlage wurde ein Fehler erkannt; der Defrost-Luftstrom kann ausfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_defrost_actuator",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Defrost actuator failed",
            "de": "Defrost-Stellmotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0283",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Blower Motor Circuit",
        "de": "HVAC Gebläsemotor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC controller reports a fault in the blower motor control circuit. Blower may run at incorrect speed or not at all.",
        "de": "Das HVAC-Steuergerät meldet einen Fehler im Stellkreis des Gebläsemotors. Das Gebläse läuft mit falscher Drehzahl oder gar nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_blower_motor",
        "blower_resistor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blower_resistor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blower resistor or final stage failed",
            "de": "Gebläsewiderstand oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blower_motor_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn blower motor brushes",
            "de": "Verschlissene Gebläsemotor-Bürsten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short in blower wiring",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in der Gebläseverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0288",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC A/C Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Klimadruck-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the A/C refrigerant pressure sensor circuit. The compressor may be disabled to protect the system.",
        "de": "Ein Fehler wurde im Stromkreis des Klimadrucksensors erkannt. Der Kompressor wird zum Schutz des Systems möglicherweise deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor",
        "ac_compressor_relay",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failure",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "refrigerant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low refrigerant charge",
            "de": "Zu wenig Kältemittel"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty sensor connector",
            "de": "Defekter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0290",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Defrost Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Heckscheibenheizungsschalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the rear window defroster switch circuit. The switch may be stuck or its signal does not reach the module — the rear defroster cannot be activated.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Heckscheibenheizungsschalters erkannt. Der Schalter klemmt oder das Signal erreicht das Steuergerät nicht — die Heckscheibenheizung kann nicht aktiviert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_defrost_switch",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "defrost_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Defrost switch failed",
            "de": "Heckscheibenheizungsschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0292",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC A/C Compressor Clutch Circuit",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Kupplung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC controller has detected a fault in the A/C compressor clutch control circuit. The compressor may not engage.",
        "de": "Das HVAC-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stellkreis der Klimakompressor-Kupplung erkannt. Der Kompressor schaltet möglicherweise nicht zu."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_clutch",
        "ac_compressor_relay",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compressor clutch coil open",
            "de": "Kupplungsspule des Kompressors unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "A/C relay failed",
            "de": "Klimarelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded compressor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Kompressorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0300",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Verdampfertemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC controller reports a fault in the evaporator temperature sensor circuit, used to prevent evaporator icing.",
        "de": "Das HVAC-Steuergerät meldet einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Verdampfertemperatursensors, der ein Vereisen verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evaporator_temperature_sensor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Evaporator sensor failure",
            "de": "Verdampfersensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty sensor connector",
            "de": "Defekter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0305",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Sun Load Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Sonnenlichtsensor (HVAC) Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the sun load sensor circuit used by automatic climate control to compensate for solar gain.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Sonnenlichtsensors, der von der Klimaautomatik zur Kompensation der Sonneneinstrahlung verwendet wird, wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sun_load_sensor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sun load sensor failure",
            "de": "Sonnenlichtsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire in dashboard",
            "de": "Unterbrochener Draht im Armaturenbrett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0310",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Positionssensor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The seat module has detected an implausible signal from the driver seat position sensor. The sensor reports the fore/aft position used for memory seat recall and for SRS occupant logic.",
        "de": "Das Sitzsteuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Positionssensor des Fahrersitzes erkannt. Der Sensor meldet die Längsposition für die Memory-Funktion und die SRS-Insassenlogik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_position_sensor",
        "seat_control_module",
        "seat_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seat_position_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat position sensor failed",
            "de": "Sitzpositionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seat_harness_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat harness connector damaged",
            "de": "Sitzkabelbaum-Stecker beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0312",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Forward/Back Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Vor-/Rück-Schalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The seat module has detected a fault in the fore/aft adjustment switch on the driver seat. Manual adjustment of the seat position may be limited or not work at all.",
        "de": "Das Sitzsteuergerät hat einen Fehler am Vor-/Rück-Verstellschalter des Fahrersitzes erkannt. Die manuelle Verstellung der Sitzposition kann eingeschränkt sein oder gar nicht funktionieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_adjust_switch",
        "seat_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seat_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat adjustment switch failed",
            "de": "Sitzverstellschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0320",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Positionssensor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The seat module has detected an implausible signal from the driver seat position sensor. The sensor reports the fore/aft position used for memory seat recall and for SRS occupant logic.",
        "de": "Das Sitzsteuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Positionssensor des Fahrersitzes erkannt. Der Sensor meldet die Längsposition für die Memory-Funktion und die SRS-Insassenlogik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_position_sensor",
        "seat_control_module",
        "seat_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seat_position_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat position sensor failed",
            "de": "Sitzpositionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seat_harness_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat harness connector damaged",
            "de": "Sitzkabelbaum-Stecker beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0322",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Tilt Position Sensor",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Neigungs-Positionssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver seat tilt position sensor. Memory positions for seat back tilt cannot be reliably stored.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Neigungs-Positionssensor des Fahrersitzes erkannt. Memory-Positionen für die Sitzlehnenneigung können nicht zuverlässig gespeichert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_position_sensor",
        "seat_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tilt position sensor failed",
            "de": "Neigungs-Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open under seat",
            "de": "Verkabelung unter dem Sitz unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0325",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Memory Set Switch",
        "de": "Fahrersitz Memory-Speichertaste"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver seat memory set switch circuit. Seat positions cannot be saved to memory presets.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Memory-Speichertaste des Fahrersitzes erkannt. Sitzpositionen können nicht in den Memory-Speicher abgelegt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "memory_switch",
        "seat_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Memory set switch failed",
            "de": "Memory-Speichertaste defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0327",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Position Memory",
        "de": "Beifahrersitz Positions-Memory"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the passenger seat position memory function. Saved positions cannot be reliably restored.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler in der Positions-Memory-Funktion des Beifahrersitzes erkannt. Gespeicherte Positionen können nicht zuverlässig wiederhergestellt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_module",
        "seat_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seat_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat module internal fault",
            "de": "Sitzmodul interner Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0330",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Rear Blower Motor Circuit",
        "de": "Hintere Gebläsemotor (HVAC) Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC controller reports a fault in the rear blower motor circuit, used in vehicles with rear climate zone.",
        "de": "Das HVAC-Steuergerät meldet einen Fehler im Stromkreis des hinteren Gebläsemotors, der in Fahrzeugen mit Klimazone hinten verbaut ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_blower_motor",
        "rear_blower_resistor",
        "hvac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rear_blower_resistor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear blower resistor failed",
            "de": "Hinterer Gebläsewiderstand defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blower_motor_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear blower motor worn",
            "de": "Hinterer Gebläsemotor verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0335",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Heater Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrersitzheizung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver seat heater circuit. The heating element or wiring is open or shorted — the seat does not heat.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Fahrersitzheizung erkannt. Das Heizelement oder die Verkabelung ist unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen — der Sitz heizt nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_heater_element",
        "seat_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_element_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element broken",
            "de": "Heizmatte gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat connector corroded",
            "de": "Sitzstecker korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0337",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Seat Heater Circuit",
        "de": "Beifahrersitzheizung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the passenger seat heater circuit. Same fault profile as B0335 but for the passenger seat.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Beifahrersitzheizung erkannt. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie B0335, jedoch für den Beifahrersitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_heater_element",
        "seat_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_element_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element broken",
            "de": "Heizmatte gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat connector corroded",
            "de": "Sitzstecker korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0339",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Seat Heater Circuit",
        "de": "Rücksitzheizung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the rear seat heater circuit. The rear heating elements are open or shorted.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Rücksitzheizung erkannt. Die hinteren Heizelemente sind unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_heater_element",
        "rear_seat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_element_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element broken",
            "de": "Heizmatte gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open under seat",
            "de": "Verkabelung unter dem Sitz unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0341",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Heated Seat Driver Circuit",
        "de": "Sitzheizung Fahrer Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the driver heated seat circuit. Seat heating may be disabled.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis der Fahrer-Sitzheizung wurde ein Fehler erkannt. Die Sitzheizung kann deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seat_heater",
        "heated_seat_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heating_element_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heating element broken",
            "de": "Heizelement gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seat_temperature_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat temperature sensor fault",
            "de": "Sitztemperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose seat connector",
            "de": "Loser Sitzstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0342",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "HVAC Heated Seat Passenger Circuit",
        "de": "Sitzheizung Beifahrer Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the passenger heated seat circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis der Beifahrer-Sitzheizung wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_seat_heater",
        "heated_seat_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heating_element_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heating element broken",
            "de": "Heizelement gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose seat connector",
            "de": "Loser Sitzstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0420",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Audio System Internal Failure",
        "de": "Audiosystem interner Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The audio head unit reports an internal self-test failure. Symptoms include silent output, frozen display, or repeated reboots of the infotainment system.",
        "de": "Das Audio-Hauptgerät meldet einen Fehler im internen Selbsttest. Symptome sind stummer Ausgang, eingefrorenes Display oder wiederholte Neustarts des Infotainmentsystems."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "audio_head_unit",
        "infotainment_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "head_unit_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Head unit internal fault",
            "de": "Hauptgerät interner Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_update_required",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software update required",
            "de": "Software-Update erforderlich"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0425",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Audio Amplifier Internal Failure",
        "de": "Audio-Verstärker interner Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The audio amplifier reports an internal self-test failure. Sound output may be distorted, missing on some channels, or the amplifier enters a protection mode.",
        "de": "Der Audio-Verstärker meldet einen Fehler im internen Selbsttest. Der Klang kann verzerrt sein, einzelne Kanäle ausfallen oder der Verstärker geht in den Schutzmodus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "audio_amplifier",
        "infotainment_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "amplifier_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Amplifier internal fault",
            "de": "Verstärker interner Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "power_ground_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply or ground fault",
            "de": "Versorgungs- oder Massefehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0440",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Bluetooth Module Fault",
        "de": "Bluetooth-Modul Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The infotainment system has detected a fault in the Bluetooth module. Pairing with phones may fail or audio streaming drops out.",
        "de": "Das Infotainment-System hat einen Fehler im Bluetooth-Modul erkannt. Die Kopplung mit Telefonen kann fehlschlagen oder Audio-Streaming bricht ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bluetooth_module",
        "infotainment_module",
        "bluetooth_antenna"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bluetooth module internal fault",
            "de": "Bluetooth-Modul interner Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "antenna_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Antenna cable loose or disconnected",
            "de": "Antennenkabel lose oder nicht verbunden"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0445",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "USB Hub Fault",
        "de": "USB-Hub Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The infotainment system has detected a fault in the internal USB hub. USB ports may not detect connected devices reliably.",
        "de": "Das Infotainment-System hat einen Fehler im internen USB-Hub erkannt. USB-Anschlüsse erkennen angeschlossene Geräte möglicherweise nicht zuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "usb_hub",
        "infotainment_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hub_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "USB hub internal fault",
            "de": "USB-Hub interner Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "usb_port_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "USB port physically damaged",
            "de": "USB-Anschluss mechanisch beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0450",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Microphone Circuit",
        "de": "Mikrofon Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The infotainment system has detected a fault in the hands-free microphone circuit. Voice commands and phone calls may have poor audio quality.",
        "de": "Das Infotainment-System hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Freisprech-Mikrofons erkannt. Sprachbefehle und Telefongespräche können schlechte Audioqualität haben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "microphone",
        "infotainment_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "microphone_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Microphone failed",
            "de": "Mikrofon defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0455",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Display Module Internal Failure",
        "de": "Anzeigemodul interner Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The instrument cluster or central display module reports an internal self-test failure. Pixels may be missing, the screen may stay dark, or warning indicators may not display correctly.",
        "de": "Das Kombiinstrument oder zentrale Anzeigemodul meldet einen Fehler im internen Selbsttest. Pixel können fehlen, der Bildschirm bleibt dunkel oder Warnsymbole werden nicht korrekt angezeigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "display_module",
        "instrument_cluster"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "display_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Display module internal fault",
            "de": "Anzeigemodul interner Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "power_ground_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply or ground fault",
            "de": "Versorgungs- oder Massefehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0460",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Bluetooth Antenna Circuit",
        "de": "Bluetooth-Antenne Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The infotainment system has detected a fault in the Bluetooth antenna circuit. Range and connection stability may be reduced.",
        "de": "Das Infotainment-System hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Bluetooth-Antenne erkannt. Reichweite und Verbindungsstabilität können eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bluetooth_antenna",
        "infotainment_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "antenna_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Antenna cable disconnected",
            "de": "Antennenkabel nicht verbunden"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "antenna_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Antenna damaged",
            "de": "Antenne beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0490",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Display Backlight Circuit",
        "de": "Display-Hintergrundbeleuchtung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The infotainment or instrument cluster module has detected a fault in the display backlight circuit. The display may stay dark or be unreadable in low light.",
        "de": "Das Infotainment- oder Kombiinstrumentmodul hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis der Display-Hintergrundbeleuchtung erkannt. Das Display kann dunkel bleiben oder bei wenig Licht unlesbar sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "display_module",
        "backlight_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "backlight_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Backlight LEDs or inverter failed",
            "de": "Hintergrundbeleuchtung-LEDs oder Inverter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "display_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Display module internal fault",
            "de": "Anzeigemodul interner Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0500",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Power Window Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Fensterheber Fahrer Stromkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver power window motor or switch circuit has reported a fault. The window may not operate.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Fahrer-Fensterhebermotors oder -schalters meldet einen Fehler. Das Fenster funktioniert möglicherweise nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_window_motor",
        "driver_window_switch",
        "door_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "window_motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Window motor worn or seized",
            "de": "Fensterhebermotor verschlissen oder fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Master window switch failure",
            "de": "Defekter Hauptfensterheber-Schalter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Window regulator broken",
            "de": "Fensterheber-Mechanik gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_window"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0501",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Power Window Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Fensterheber Beifahrer Stromkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the passenger power window circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Beifahrer-Fensterhebers wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_window_motor",
        "passenger_window_switch",
        "door_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "window_motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Window motor failed",
            "de": "Fensterhebermotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_contacts_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dirty switch contacts",
            "de": "Verschmutzte Schalterkontakte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_window"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0502",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Power Window Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Fensterheber hinten links Stromkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the left rear power window circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Fensterhebers hinten links wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_rear_window_motor",
        "rear_door_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "window_motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear window motor failed",
            "de": "Hinterer Fensterhebermotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_window"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0503",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Power Window Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Fensterheber hinten rechts Stromkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the right rear power window circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Fensterhebers hinten rechts wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_rear_window_motor",
        "rear_door_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "window_motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear window motor failed",
            "de": "Hinterer Fensterhebermotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_window"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0510",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Door Open Switch",
        "de": "Fahrertür-Kontaktschalter"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver door open (jamb) switch. The door open state cannot be reliably read — affects interior light, seat belt warning, and remote start interlocks.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Fahrertür-Kontaktschalter erkannt. Der Türöffnungs-Zustand kann nicht zuverlässig gelesen werden — betrifft Innenraumbeleuchtung, Gurtwarnung und Fernstart-Sperren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_jamb_switch",
        "door_wiring_harness",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door jamb switch stuck or corroded",
            "de": "Türkontaktschalter klemmt oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open in door hinge",
            "de": "Verkabelung im Türscharnier unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_door_lock"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0520",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Door Open Switch",
        "de": "Beifahrertür-Kontaktschalter"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the passenger door open (jamb) switch. Same fault profile as B0510 but for the passenger door.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Beifahrertür-Kontaktschalter erkannt. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie B0510, jedoch für die Beifahrertür."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_jamb_switch",
        "door_wiring_harness",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door jamb switch stuck or corroded",
            "de": "Türkontaktschalter klemmt oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open in door hinge",
            "de": "Verkabelung im Türscharnier unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_door_lock"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0530",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Door Lock Actuator Circuit",
        "de": "Türschloss-Aktuator Fahrer Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the driver door lock actuator circuit. Central locking may not work for the driver door.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Fahrer-Türschlossmotors erkannt. Die Zentralverriegelung der Fahrertür funktioniert möglicherweise nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_door_lock_actuator",
        "body_control_module",
        "driver_door_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock actuator motor failed",
            "de": "Türschloss-Stellmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire break in door harness",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im Türstrang"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded door connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Türstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_door_locks"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0531",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Door Lock Actuator Circuit",
        "de": "Türschloss-Aktuator Beifahrer Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the passenger door lock actuator circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Beifahrer-Türschlossmotors wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_door_lock_actuator",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock actuator failed",
            "de": "Türschlossmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire break in door harness",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im Türstrang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_door_locks"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0532",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Door Lock Actuator Circuit",
        "de": "Türschloss-Aktuator hinten links Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the left rear door lock actuator circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Türschlossmotors hinten links wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_rear_door_lock_actuator",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock actuator failed",
            "de": "Türschlossmotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_door_locks"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0533",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Door Lock Actuator Circuit",
        "de": "Türschloss-Aktuator hinten rechts Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the right rear door lock actuator circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Türschlossmotors hinten rechts wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_rear_door_lock_actuator",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock actuator failed",
            "de": "Türschlossmotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_door_locks"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0540",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Door Ajar Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Türkontakt Fahrer Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver door ajar switch circuit is reporting an implausible signal. The interior light may stay on or door open warning may be incorrect.",
        "de": "Der Türkontaktschalter Fahrer meldet ein unplausibles Signal. Die Innenraumbeleuchtung bleibt eventuell an oder die Türwarnung ist falsch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_door_ajar_switch",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded door switch / striker",
            "de": "Korrodierter Türschalter / Schloss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire break in door harness",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im Türstrang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_door_locks"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0541",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Door Ajar Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Türkontakt Beifahrer Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The passenger door ajar switch circuit is malfunctioning.",
        "de": "Der Türkontaktschalter Beifahrer ist defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_door_ajar_switch",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded door switch",
            "de": "Korrodierter Türschalter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_door_locks"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0560",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Power Seat Forward/Back Circuit",
        "de": "Elektrischer Sitz Fahrer Vor/Zurück Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected in the forward/back motor circuit of the driver power seat.",
        "de": "Im Stellkreis des Vor-/Zurück-Motors des elektrischen Fahrersitzes wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seat_track_motor",
        "seat_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Track motor failed",
            "de": "Sitzschienenmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_pinched",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring pinched in seat track",
            "de": "Verkabelung in Sitzschiene eingeklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0561",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Power Seat Up/Down Circuit",
        "de": "Elektrischer Sitz Fahrer Hoch/Runter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected in the up/down motor circuit of the driver power seat.",
        "de": "Im Stellkreis des Hoch-/Runter-Motors des elektrischen Fahrersitzes wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seat_lift_motor",
        "seat_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lift motor failed",
            "de": "Sitzhubmotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0562",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Power Seat Recline Circuit",
        "de": "Elektrischer Sitz Fahrer Lehnenneigung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected in the recline motor circuit of the driver power seat.",
        "de": "Im Stellkreis des Lehnenneigungsmotors des elektrischen Fahrersitzes wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seat_recline_motor",
        "seat_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Recline motor failed",
            "de": "Lehnenmotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0570",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Passenger Power Seat Forward/Back Circuit",
        "de": "Elektrischer Sitz Beifahrer Vor/Zurück Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected in the forward/back motor circuit of the passenger power seat.",
        "de": "Im Stellkreis des Vor-/Zurück-Motors des elektrischen Beifahrersitzes wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_seat_track_motor",
        "seat_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Track motor failed",
            "de": "Sitzschienenmotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0580",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Seat Memory Module Malfunction",
        "de": "Sitzspeicher-Modul Fahrer Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver seat memory module reports an internal fault. Stored seat positions cannot be recalled.",
        "de": "Das Sitzspeicher-Modul des Fahrersitzes meldet einen internen Fehler. Gespeicherte Sitzpositionen können nicht abgerufen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_seat_memory_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Memory module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler des Speichermoduls"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "power_supply_unstable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unstable power supply",
            "de": "Instabile Spannungsversorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0600",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mirror Adjustment Driver Side Circuit",
        "de": "Spiegelverstellung Fahrerseite Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver side mirror adjustment circuit is malfunctioning. Mirror motor or position sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis der Spiegelverstellung Fahrerseite ist defekt. Stellmotor- oder Positionssensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_mirror_motor",
        "door_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mirror motor failed",
            "de": "Spiegelmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dirty mirror switch contacts",
            "de": "Verschmutzte Spiegelschalter-Kontakte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_mirror"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0601",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mirror Adjustment Passenger Side Circuit",
        "de": "Spiegelverstellung Beifahrerseite Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The passenger side mirror adjustment circuit is malfunctioning.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis der Spiegelverstellung Beifahrerseite ist defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "passenger_mirror_motor",
        "door_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mirror motor failed",
            "de": "Spiegelmotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_mirror"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0610",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mirror Heater Circuit",
        "de": "Spiegelheizung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the heated mirror circuit. Mirrors will not defog.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis der Spiegelheizung wurde ein Fehler erkannt. Spiegel beschlagen nicht ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_heater_element",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heating_element_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mirror heating element open",
            "de": "Spiegelheizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mirror heater relay failed",
            "de": "Spiegelheizungs-Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_mirror"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0700",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sunroof Open/Close Circuit",
        "de": "Schiebedach Öffnen/Schließen Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the sunroof open/close motor circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stellkreis des Schiebedach-Öffnen-/Schließmotors wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sunroof_motor",
        "sunroof_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sunroof motor failed",
            "de": "Schiebedachmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "drain_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blocked drain causing water/electrical damage",
            "de": "Verstopfter Ablauf verursacht Wasser-/Elektronikschaden"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sunroof switch failure",
            "de": "Schiebedachschalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunroof"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0710",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sunroof Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Schiebedach Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected in the sunroof position sensor circuit; one-touch and pinch protection may not function.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Schiebedach-Positionssensors wurde ein Fehler erkannt; Einknopf-Bedienung und Einklemmschutz funktionieren möglicherweise nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sunroof_position_sensor",
        "sunroof_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hall_sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hall sensor failure",
            "de": "Hall-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_clutch_slip",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor clutch slipping",
            "de": "Motorkupplung rutscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunroof"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0800",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Headlamp Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Lichtschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the headlamp switch circuit. Light functions may not switch properly.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Lichtschalters wurde ein Fehler erkannt. Lichtfunktionen schalten möglicherweise nicht korrekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_switch",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Headlamp switch internal failure",
            "de": "Interner Lichtschalter-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose switch connector",
            "de": "Loser Schalterstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0810",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Headlamp Low Beam Circuit",
        "de": "Abblendlicht links Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the left low beam headlamp circuit. Bulb may be burnt out or wiring shorted.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des linken Abblendlichts erkannt. Die Glühlampe ist möglicherweise durchgebrannt oder die Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_low_beam_lamp",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Glühlampe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring short",
            "de": "Verkabelungs-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0811",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Headlamp Low Beam Circuit",
        "de": "Abblendlicht rechts Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module has detected a fault in the right low beam headlamp circuit.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des rechten Abblendlichts erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_low_beam_lamp",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Glühlampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0820",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Headlamp High Beam Circuit",
        "de": "Fernlicht links Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the left high beam headlamp circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des linken Fernlichts wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_high_beam_lamp",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Glühlampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0821",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Headlamp High Beam Circuit",
        "de": "Fernlicht rechts Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the right high beam headlamp circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des rechten Fernlichts wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_high_beam_lamp",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Glühlampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0830",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Turn Signal Circuit",
        "de": "Blinker vorn links Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the left front turn signal circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Blinkers vorn links wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_front_turn_signal",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out turn signal bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Blinker-Glühlampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0831",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Turn Signal Circuit",
        "de": "Blinker vorn rechts Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the right front turn signal circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Blinkers vorn rechts wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_front_turn_signal",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out turn signal bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Blinker-Glühlampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0840",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Turn Signal Circuit",
        "de": "Blinker hinten links Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the left rear turn signal circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Blinkers hinten links wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_rear_turn_signal",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out turn signal bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Blinker-Glühlampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0841",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Turn Signal Circuit",
        "de": "Blinker hinten rechts Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the right rear turn signal circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des Blinkers hinten rechts wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_rear_turn_signal",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out turn signal bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Blinker-Glühlampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0850",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Brake Lamp Circuit",
        "de": "Bremslicht links Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the left brake lamp circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des linken Bremslichts wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_brake_lamp",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out brake lamp bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Bremslicht-Glühlampe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake light switch fault",
            "de": "Bremslichtschalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0851",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Brake Lamp Circuit",
        "de": "Bremslicht rechts Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the right brake lamp circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des rechten Bremslichts wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_brake_lamp",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out brake lamp bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Bremslicht-Glühlampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0860",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "License Plate Lamp Circuit",
        "de": "Kennzeichenleuchte Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the license plate lamp circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis der Kennzeichenleuchte wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "license_plate_lamp",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out license plate bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Kennzeichenleuchte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_in_lamp_housing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water intrusion in lamp housing",
            "de": "Wassereintritt im Leuchtengehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          80
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          0.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0900",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wiper Motor Front Circuit",
        "de": "Scheibenwischermotor vorn Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the front wiper motor circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des vorderen Scheibenwischermotors wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_wiper_motor",
        "wiper_relay",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiper motor failure",
            "de": "Scheibenwischermotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_overload",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor overload from frozen wipers",
            "de": "Motorüberlast durch festgefrorene Wischer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiper relay failure",
            "de": "Wischerrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windscreen_wiper"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0910",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wiper Motor Rear Circuit",
        "de": "Scheibenwischermotor hinten Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the rear wiper motor circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis des hinteren Scheibenwischermotors wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_wiper_motor",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear wiper motor failure",
            "de": "Hinterer Scheibenwischermotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windscreen_wiper"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0920",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Washer Pump Circuit",
        "de": "Wischwasserpumpe Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the windshield washer pump circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis der Scheibenwaschpumpe wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "washer_pump",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Washer pump motor failure",
            "de": "Waschpumpenmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded pump connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Pumpenstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windscreen_wiper"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0950",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Heated Rear Window Circuit",
        "de": "Heckscheibenheizung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the heated rear window circuit. Defrost may not function.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis der Heckscheibenheizung wurde ein Fehler erkannt. Defrost funktioniert möglicherweise nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_window_heating_element",
        "rear_defrost_relay",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heating_grid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken heating grid line",
            "de": "Heizgitter-Leitung gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear defrost relay failed",
            "de": "Heckscheibenheizungs-Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defogger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0960",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Horn Relay Circuit",
        "de": "Hupenrelais Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the horn relay control circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stellkreis des Hupenrelais wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "horn_relay",
        "horn",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Horn relay failed",
            "de": "Hupenrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "horn_button_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Horn button (clock spring) fault",
            "de": "Hupentaster (Wickelfeder) defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "horn_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Horn unit failed",
            "de": "Hupe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_(acoustic)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0970",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Interior Light Circuit",
        "de": "Innenraumbeleuchtung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected in the interior light circuit.",
        "de": "Im Stromkreis der Innenraumbeleuchtung wurde ein Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "interior_lamp",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_burnt_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt out interior bulb",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Innenraumlampe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "door_switch_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Türschalter klemmt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0980",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch Run/Start Position Circuit",
        "de": "Zündschalter Run/Start-Position Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module reports an implausible signal from the ignition switch run/start position circuit.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät meldet ein unplausibles Signal aus dem Zündschalter Run/Start-Position-Stromkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_switch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn ignition switch contacts",
            "de": "Verschlissene Zündschalter-Kontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire from switch to BCM",
            "de": "Unterbrochener Draht zwischen Schalter und BCM"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "B0990",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Body Control Module Internal Fault",
        "de": "Karosserie-Steuergerät Interner Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body control module (BCM) has detected an internal fault and may need to be replaced.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät (BCM) hat einen internen Fehler erkannt und muss möglicherweise getauscht werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BCM internal hardware fault",
            "de": "Interner BCM-Hardwarefehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_spike_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage spike damage from jump-start",
            "de": "Spannungsspitzen-Schaden durch Starthilfe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_intrusion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water intrusion at module",
            "de": "Wassereintritt am Modul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0001",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCS Control Channel A Valve 1",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Kanal A Ventil 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on traction control system control channel A valve 1.",
        "de": "Fehler am Ventil 1 in Kanal A der Traktionskontrolle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_valve_a1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0002",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCS Control Channel A Valve 2",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Kanal A Ventil 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on traction control system control channel A valve 2.",
        "de": "Fehler am Ventil 2 in Kanal A der Traktionskontrolle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_valve_a2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0003",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCS Control Channel B Valve 1",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Kanal B Ventil 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on traction control system control channel B valve 1.",
        "de": "Fehler am Ventil 1 in Kanal B der Traktionskontrolle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0004",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCS Control Channel B Valve 2",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Kanal B Ventil 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on traction control system control channel B valve 2.",
        "de": "Fehler am Ventil 2 in Kanal B der Traktionskontrolle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0010",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Inlet Control",
        "de": "ABS Einlassventil vorne links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on left front ABS inlet (apply) valve.",
        "de": "Fehler am Einlassventil (Druckaufbau) vorne links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_abs_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0011",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Outlet Control",
        "de": "ABS Auslassventil vorne links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on left front ABS outlet (release) valve.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslassventil (Druckabbau) vorne links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_abs_outlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0012",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Hydraulic Release Too Long",
        "de": "Vorne links Druckabbau zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hydraulic release on left front wheel circuit took longer than expected.",
        "de": "Druckabbau am Radkreis vorne links dauert länger als zulässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_abs_outlet_valve",
        "hcu"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet valve sluggish or hydraulic restriction",
            "de": "Auslassventil träge oder Hydraulik gedrosselt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0014",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Inlet Control",
        "de": "ABS Einlassventil vorne rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on right front ABS inlet (apply) valve.",
        "de": "Fehler am Einlassventil (Druckaufbau) vorne rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_abs_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0015",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Outlet Control",
        "de": "ABS Auslassventil vorne rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on right front ABS outlet (release) valve.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslassventil (Druckabbau) vorne rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_abs_outlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0016",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Hydraulic Release Too Long",
        "de": "Vorne rechts Druckabbau zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hydraulic release on right front wheel circuit took longer than expected.",
        "de": "Druckabbau am Radkreis vorne rechts dauert länger als zulässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_abs_outlet_valve",
        "hcu"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet valve sluggish or hydraulic restriction",
            "de": "Auslassventil träge oder Hydraulik gedrosselt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0018",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Inlet Control",
        "de": "ABS Einlassventil hinten links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on left rear ABS inlet (apply) valve.",
        "de": "Fehler am Einlassventil (Druckaufbau) hinten links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_abs_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0019",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Outlet Control",
        "de": "ABS Auslassventil hinten links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on left rear ABS outlet (release) valve.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslassventil (Druckabbau) hinten links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_abs_outlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C001A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Hydraulic Release Too Long",
        "de": "Hinten links Druckabbau zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hydraulic release on left rear wheel circuit took longer than expected.",
        "de": "Druckabbau am Radkreis hinten links dauert länger als zulässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_abs_outlet_valve",
        "hcu"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet valve sluggish or hydraulic restriction",
            "de": "Auslassventil träge oder Hydraulik gedrosselt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C001C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Inlet Control",
        "de": "ABS Einlassventil hinten rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on right rear ABS inlet (apply) valve.",
        "de": "Fehler am Einlassventil (Druckaufbau) hinten rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_abs_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C001D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Outlet Control",
        "de": "ABS Auslassventil hinten rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on right rear ABS outlet (release) valve.",
        "de": "Fehler am Auslassventil (Druckabbau) hinten rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_abs_outlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C001E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Hydraulic Release Too Long",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Druckabbau zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hydraulic release on right rear wheel circuit took longer than expected.",
        "de": "Druckabbau am Radkreis hinten rechts dauert länger als zulässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_abs_outlet_valve",
        "hcu"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet valve sluggish or hydraulic restriction",
            "de": "Auslassventil träge oder Hydraulik gedrosselt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0020",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module detects an electrical fault in the pump motor circuit. Without a working pump, the system cannot build hydraulic pressure for ABS or stability control interventions and disables those functions.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergeraet erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Stromkreis des Pumpenmotors. Ohne funktionierende Pumpe kann das System keinen Hydraulikdruck fuer ABS- oder Stabilitaetseingriffe aufbauen; diese Funktionen werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "pump_motor_relay",
        "power_supply_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor seized after long inactivity",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor nach langer Standzeit festgegangen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor relay welded or open",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor-Relais verschweisst oder offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_supply_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply connection corroded",
            "de": "Spannungsversorgungs-Steckverbindung korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0021",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pump motor responds, but its current draw or run time is outside the expected range. The control module suspects mechanical wear or hydraulic blockage.",
        "de": "Der Pumpenmotor reagiert, sein Stromaufnahme- oder Laufzeitwert liegt jedoch ausserhalb des Sollbereichs. Das Steuergeraet vermutet mechanischen Verschleiss oder hydraulische Blockade."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump worn, low delivery",
            "de": "Pumpe verschlissen, geringe Foerderleistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_block_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic block contaminated with brake fluid debris",
            "de": "Hydraulikblock durch Bremsfluessigkeitsablagerungen verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0022",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Circuit Low",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pump motor control line is below threshold. Typical causes are a short to ground or interrupted positive supply.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Pumpenmotor-Steuerleitung liegt unter dem Schwellenwert. Typische Ursachen sind ein Massekurzschluss oder eine unterbrochene Plusversorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "pump_motor_relay",
        "power_supply_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor relay failed",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor-Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0023",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Circuit High",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pump motor control line is above the expected range, typically caused by a short to battery voltage or a stuck relay.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Pumpenmotor-Steuerleitung liegt ueber dem erwarteten Bereich; meist durch Kurzschluss nach Batteriespannung oder ein klemmendes Relais verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "pump_motor_relay",
        "control_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Verkabelung Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte verschweisst"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0024",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Feedback Pressure Solenoid Circuit",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Rückkopplungsdruck-Magnetventil Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on brake pedal feedback pressure solenoid — used in brake-by-wire systems to provide pedal feel.",
        "de": "Fehler am Magnetventil für Bremspedal-Rückkopplungsdruck — bei Brake-by-Wire-Systemen für das Pedalgefühl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pedal_feedback_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid failed or wiring fault",
            "de": "Magnetventil defekt oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0025",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Stalled",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pump motor draws current but does not rotate. Self-test detects a stalled rotor and disables ABS and stability control.",
        "de": "Der Pumpenmotor zieht Strom, dreht jedoch nicht. Der Selbsttest erkennt einen blockierten Rotor und deaktiviert ABS sowie Stabilitaetsregelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "abs_hydraulic_block"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump mechanically seized",
            "de": "Pumpe mechanisch festgegangen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_fluid_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated brake fluid blocking pump",
            "de": "Verschmutzte Bremsfluessigkeit blockiert Pumpe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0030",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne links Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signal from the left front wheel speed sensor is implausible relative to the other wheels. Typical causes are excessive air gap, contaminated tone ring or partial sensor failure.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne links ist im Vergleich zu den anderen Raedern unplausibel. Typische Ursachen sind ein zu grosser Luftspalt, ein verschmutztes Polrad oder ein teilweise defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fl",
        "tone_ring",
        "hub_bearing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_metal_debris",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metal debris on tone ring (magnetic encoder)",
            "de": "Eisenspaene am Polrad (magnetischer Encoder)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_gap_excessive",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor air gap too large",
            "de": "Sensor-Luftspalt zu gross"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor intermittent at temperature",
            "de": "Sensor temperaturbedingt aussetzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0031",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne links Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the left front wheel speed sensor circuit is below the expected range. The fault is typically caused by a short to ground or an open in the supply line.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne links liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursache ist ein Massekurzschluss oder eine Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fl",
        "sensor_wiring",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sensorleitung Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor coil open internally",
            "de": "Sensorspule intern unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0032",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne links Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the left front wheel speed sensor circuit is above the expected range, typically due to a short to battery voltage.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne links liegt ueber dem erwarteten Bereich; meist durch Kurzschluss nach Batteriespannung verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fl",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring shorted to B+",
            "de": "Sensorleitung Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector water ingress",
            "de": "Wassereintritt am Steckverbinder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0033",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Signal Erratic",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne links Signal sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module sees erratic pulses from the left front wheel speed sensor at speed. Common cause is metallic debris on a magnetic encoder or a damaged tone ring.",
        "de": "Das Steuergeraet erkennt sprunghafte Impulse des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne links waehrend der Fahrt. Haeufige Ursache sind Eisenspaene am magnetischen Encoder oder ein beschaedigtes Polrad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fl",
        "tone_ring",
        "hub_bearing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "encoder_contamination",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic encoder ring contaminated",
            "de": "Magnetischer Encoderring verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_cracked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring cracked or missing teeth",
            "de": "Polrad gerissen oder mit fehlenden Zaehnen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0034",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor No Signal",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne links kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "No pulses are received from the left front wheel speed sensor while other wheels report motion. The fault disables ABS and stability control.",
        "de": "Vom Raddrehzahlsensor vorne links werden keine Impulse empfangen, waehrend die anderen Raeder Bewegung melden. Der Fehler deaktiviert ABS und Stabilitaetsregelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fl",
        "sensor_wiring",
        "tone_ring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internally failed",
            "de": "Sensor intern defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open at suspension flex",
            "de": "Kabel am Fahrwerk-Knickpunkt unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0035",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne links Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected a fault in the left front wheel speed sensor circuit. Loss of wheel speed information disables ABS and stability control, and a separate ABS warning lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne links erkannt. Ohne Raddrehzahlsignal werden ABS und Stabilitätsregelung deaktiviert und die ABS-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "tone_ring",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring (reluctor) damaged or contaminated with debris",
            "de": "Polrad (Impulsrad) beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or chafe at wheel arch",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder Scheuerstelle im Radkasten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hub_bearing_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel hub bearing with integrated sensor ring failed",
            "de": "Radlager mit integriertem Sensorring defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0036",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne links Stromkreis aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent open or short detected on the left front wheel speed sensor circuit. Often caused by chafed wiring or a loose connector.",
        "de": "Aussetzende Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne links. Haeufig durch durchgescheuerte Leitung oder lockeren Steckverbinder verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fl",
        "sensor_wiring",
        "sensor_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector partially unseated",
            "de": "Steckverbinder teilweise geloest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire chafe on bracket",
            "de": "Kabel an Halter durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0037",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor",
        "de": "Hinten links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on left rear wheel speed sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Radgeschwindigkeitssensor hinten links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_wss"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0038",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Supply",
        "de": "Hinten links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor Versorgung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on left rear wheel speed sensor supply circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Versorgungsschaltkreis des Sensors hinten links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_wss",
        "sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0039",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Tone Wheel",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Geberring"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault detected on right rear tone wheel (pulse ring).",
        "de": "Fehler am Geberring (Polrad) hinten rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_tone_wheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged or contaminated",
            "de": "Geberring beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C003A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on right rear wheel speed sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Radgeschwindigkeitssensor hinten rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_wss"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C003B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Supply",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor Versorgung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on right rear wheel speed sensor supply circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Versorgungsschaltkreis des Sensors hinten rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_wss",
        "sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C003C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Tone Wheel",
        "de": "Hinten Geberring"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on shared rear tone wheel (single rear sensor on solid axle).",
        "de": "Fehler am gemeinsamen hinteren Geberring (Einzelsensor auf Starrachse)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_tone_wheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged or contaminated",
            "de": "Geberring beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C003D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Wheel Speed Sensor",
        "de": "Hinten Radgeschwindigkeitssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on shared rear wheel speed sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am gemeinsamen hinteren Radgeschwindigkeitssensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_wss"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C003E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Supply",
        "de": "Hinten Radgeschwindigkeitssensor Versorgung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on rear wheel speed sensor supply circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Versorgungsschaltkreis des hinteren Sensors."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_wss",
        "sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C003F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wheel Speed Sensors Rotation Direction Correlation",
        "de": "Radgeschwindigkeitssensoren Drehrichtungs-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wheel speed sensors disagree on rotation direction — typically detected when reversing.",
        "de": "Radgeschwindigkeitssensoren liefern widersprüchliche Drehrichtungen — meist beim Rückwärtsfahren erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_install",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor swapped or wired backwards",
            "de": "Sensor vertauscht oder falsch verkabelt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0040",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne rechts Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected a fault in the right front wheel speed sensor circuit. Loss of wheel speed information disables ABS and stability control, and a separate ABS warning lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne rechts erkannt. Ohne Raddrehzahlsignal werden ABS und Stabilitätsregelung deaktiviert und die ABS-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "tone_ring",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged or contaminated",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or chafe at wheel arch",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder Scheuerstelle im Radkasten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hub_bearing_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel hub bearing with integrated sensor ring failed",
            "de": "Radlager mit integriertem Sensorring defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0041",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne rechts Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The right front wheel speed signal is implausible compared with other wheels. Typical causes mirror C0030.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne rechts ist im Vergleich zu den anderen Raedern unplausibel. Typische Ursachen entsprechen C0030."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fr",
        "tone_ring",
        "hub_bearing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_metal_debris",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metal debris on tone ring",
            "de": "Eisenspaene am Polrad"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_gap_excessive",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor air gap too large",
            "de": "Sensor-Luftspalt zu gross"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0042",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne rechts Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage in the right front wheel speed sensor circuit is below threshold, typically a short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne rechts liegt unter dem Schwellenwert; meist Massekurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor coil open",
            "de": "Sensorspule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0043",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne rechts Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage in the right front wheel speed sensor circuit is above threshold, typically a short to battery.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne rechts liegt ueber dem Schwellenwert; meist Kurzschluss nach Batteriespannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector water ingress",
            "de": "Wassereintritt am Steckverbinder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0044",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Signal Erratic",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne rechts Signal sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Erratic pulses on the right front wheel speed sensor at speed.",
        "de": "Sprunghafte Impulse des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne rechts waehrend der Fahrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fr",
        "tone_ring",
        "hub_bearing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "encoder_contamination",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Encoder ring contaminated with metal debris",
            "de": "Encoderring durch Eisenspaene verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_cracked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring cracked",
            "de": "Polrad gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0045",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten links Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected a fault in the left rear wheel speed sensor circuit. Loss of wheel speed information disables ABS and stability control, and a separate ABS warning lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten links erkannt. Ohne Raddrehzahlsignal werden ABS und Stabilitätsregelung deaktiviert und die ABS-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "tone_ring",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged or contaminated",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or chafe under chassis",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder Scheuerstelle am Unterboden"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hub_bearing_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel hub bearing with integrated sensor ring failed",
            "de": "Radlager mit integriertem Sensorring defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0046",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor vorne rechts Stromkreis aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent open or short on the right front wheel speed sensor circuit.",
        "de": "Aussetzende Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors vorne rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector unseated",
            "de": "Steckverbinder geloest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire chafe on bracket",
            "de": "Kabel an Halter durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0047",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Pressure Sensor",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Drucksensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on brake booster pressure sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Drucksensor des Bremskraftverstärkers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0048",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Travel Sensor",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Hubsensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on brake booster travel/position sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Weg-/Positionssensor des Bremskraftverstärkers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_travel_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0049",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Fluid Level",
        "de": "Bremsflüssigkeitsstand"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake fluid level low — typically detected by reservoir float switch.",
        "de": "Bremsflüssigkeitsstand niedrig — meist über Schwimmerschalter im Behälter erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_fluid_reservoir"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_fluid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low brake fluid (leak or pad wear)",
            "de": "Wenig Bremsflüssigkeit (Leck oder Belagsverschleiß)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C004A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Lining Wear Sensor",
        "de": "Bremsbelag-Verschleißsensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake lining wear sensor reports thin pads.",
        "de": "Verschleißsensor meldet zu dünne Beläge."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pads"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pads_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake pads worn out",
            "de": "Bremsbeläge verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C004B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Fluid Level Sensor/Switch Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsflüssigkeits-Niveau-Sensor/Schalter unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake fluid level sensor or switch.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Niveau-Sensor/Schalter der Bremsflüssigkeit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_fluid_level_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C004C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Position Sensor Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Positionssensor Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor A position sensor learned offset exceeded the allowed range.",
        "de": "Gelernter Offset des Positionssensors am Booster-Motor A überschreitet zulässigen Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_a_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed after replacement",
            "de": "Kalibrierung nach Tausch fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C004D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake System Pressure Slow Response",
        "de": "Bremssystem Druckaufbau langsam"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake system pressure response slower than expected.",
        "de": "Druckaufbau im Bremssystem langsamer als erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hcu",
        "brake_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump weak or hydraulic restriction",
            "de": "Pumpe schwach oder Hydraulik gedrosselt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C004E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake System Pressure Control Valve Actuator Stuck",
        "de": "Bremsdruck-Regelventil-Aktuator klemmt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake system pressure control valve actuator stuck mechanically.",
        "de": "Aktuator des Bremsdruck-Regelventils mechanisch klemmend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C004F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Control Module Over Temperature",
        "de": "ABS-Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS control module exceeded its safe operating temperature.",
        "de": "ABS-Steuermodul hat die zulässige Betriebstemperatur überschritten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermal_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal overload from extended ABS use",
            "de": "Thermische Überlast bei lang andauerndem ABS-Eingriff"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0050",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten rechts Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected a fault in the right rear wheel speed sensor circuit. Loss of wheel speed information disables ABS and stability control, and a separate ABS warning lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten rechts erkannt. Ohne Raddrehzahlsignal werden ABS und Stabilitätsregelung deaktiviert und die ABS-Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "tone_ring",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged or contaminated",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or chafe under chassis",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder Scheuerstelle am Unterboden"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hub_bearing_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel hub bearing with integrated sensor ring failed",
            "de": "Radlager mit integriertem Sensorring defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0051",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Position Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis or power steering control module has detected that the steering position signal is implausible compared to vehicle motion. Stability control may be limited because correct yaw and slip-angle calculation depends on a valid steering angle.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerks- oder Lenkungs-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass das Lenkwinkelsignal im Vergleich zur Fahrzeugbewegung unplausibel ist. Die Stabilitätsregelung kann eingeschränkt sein, da Gier- und Schwimmwinkelberechnung einen gültigen Lenkwinkel benötigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "power_steering_module",
        "chassis_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle sensor not calibrated after alignment or repair",
            "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor nach Achsvermessung oder Reparatur nicht kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle sensor failed",
            "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clock_spring_signal",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal path through clock spring degraded",
            "de": "Signalweg über Wickelfeder beeinträchtigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0052",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten links Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage in the left rear wheel speed sensor circuit is below the expected range.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten links liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rl",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor open internally",
            "de": "Sensor intern unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0053",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten links Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage in the left rear wheel speed sensor circuit is above the expected range.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten links liegt ueber dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rl",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector water ingress",
            "de": "Wassereintritt am Steckverbinder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0054",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Signal Erratic",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten links Signal sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Erratic pulses from the left rear wheel speed sensor.",
        "de": "Sprunghafte Impulse des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rl",
        "tone_ring",
        "hub_bearing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "encoder_contamination",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Encoder ring contaminated",
            "de": "Encoderring verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_cracked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring cracked",
            "de": "Polrad gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0055",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor No Signal",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten links kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "No pulses received from the left rear wheel speed sensor.",
        "de": "Vom Raddrehzahlsensor hinten links werden keine Impulse empfangen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rl",
        "sensor_wiring",
        "tone_ring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internally failed",
            "de": "Sensor intern defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open at suspension flex",
            "de": "Kabel am Fahrwerk unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0056",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten links Stromkreis aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent open or short on the left rear wheel speed sensor circuit.",
        "de": "Aussetzende Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rl",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector unseated",
            "de": "Steckverbinder geloest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire chafe",
            "de": "Kabel durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0060",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten rechts Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module detects a fault in the right rear wheel speed sensor circuit. ABS and stability control are deactivated.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergeraet erkennt einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten rechts. ABS und Stabilitaetsregelung werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rr",
        "sensor_wiring",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0061",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten rechts Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The right rear wheel speed signal is implausible compared to the other wheels.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten rechts ist im Vergleich zu den anderen Raedern unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rr",
        "tone_ring",
        "hub_bearing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_metal_debris",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metal debris on tone ring",
            "de": "Eisenspaene am Polrad"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_gap_excessive",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor air gap too large",
            "de": "Sensor-Luftspalt zu gross"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0062",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten rechts Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage in the right rear wheel speed sensor circuit is below the expected range.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten rechts liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor open",
            "de": "Sensor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0063",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten rechts Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage in the right rear wheel speed sensor circuit is above the expected range.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten rechts liegt ueber dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector water ingress",
            "de": "Wassereintritt am Steckverbinder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0064",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Signal Erratic",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten rechts Signal sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Erratic pulses from the right rear wheel speed sensor.",
        "de": "Sprunghafte Impulse des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rr",
        "tone_ring",
        "hub_bearing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "encoder_contamination",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Encoder ring contaminated",
            "de": "Encoderring verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_cracked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring cracked",
            "de": "Polrad gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0065",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor No Signal",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten rechts kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "No pulses received from the right rear wheel speed sensor.",
        "de": "Vom Raddrehzahlsensor hinten rechts werden keine Impulse empfangen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rr",
        "sensor_wiring",
        "tone_ring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0066",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor hinten rechts Stromkreis aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent open or short on the right rear wheel speed sensor circuit.",
        "de": "Aussetzende Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss im Stromkreis des Raddrehzahlsensors hinten rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector unseated",
            "de": "Steckverbinder geloest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire chafe",
            "de": "Kabel durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0069",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Yaw Rate/Longitude Sensors",
        "de": "Gier-/Längsbeschleunigungssensoren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on yaw rate/longitudinal acceleration sensor cluster.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Sensorcluster Gierrate/Längsbeschleunigung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "yaw_long_sensor_cluster"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor cluster failed",
            "de": "Sensorcluster defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C006A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor",
        "de": "Mehrachsen-Beschleunigungssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on multi-axis acceleration sensor (combines lateral, longitudinal and vertical accelerations).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Mehrachsen-Beschleunigungssensor (Quer-, Längs- und Vertikalbeschleunigung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C006B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stability System Active Too Long",
        "de": "Stabilitätssystem zu lange aktiv"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electronic stability control intervened for an excessive duration.",
        "de": "Elektronische Stabilitätskontrolle griff über zu lange Dauer ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "esc_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "extended_intervention",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Extended intervention from low traction or driver behavior",
            "de": "Lange Eingriffe durch geringe Traktion oder Fahrweise"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C006C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stability System",
        "de": "Stabilitätssystem"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault in electronic stability control system.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im elektronischen Stabilitätssystem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "esc_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "esc_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ESC internal fault",
            "de": "Interner ESC-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0070",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis controller detects a fault in the dedicated vehicle speed sensor circuit (when present in addition to wheel speed sensors).",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerksteuergeraet erkennt einen Fehler im separaten Stromkreis des Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitssensors (sofern zusaetzlich zu den Raddrehzahlsensoren vorhanden)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0071",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "2/4 Wheel Drive Status Input",
        "de": "2WD/4WD-Statussignal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on 2WD/4WD status signal input.",
        "de": "Fehler am Eingangssignal 2WD/4WD-Status."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch or wiring fault",
            "de": "Schalter oder Verkabelung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0072",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Bremstemperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake temperature exceeded safe operating limit — risk of brake fade.",
        "de": "Bremstemperatur überschreitet zulässigen Wert — Gefahr von Bremsfading."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brakes"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermal_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hard or prolonged braking, mountain descent",
            "de": "Starkes oder dauerhaftes Bremsen, Bergabfahrt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_fade"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0073",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Delivered Driving Torque",
        "de": "Geliefertes Antriebsmoment"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine-delivered driving torque does not match TCS request.",
        "de": "Vom Motor geliefertes Antriebsmoment passt nicht zur Anforderung der Traktionskontrolle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm",
        "tcs_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_communication_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM/TCS communication issue",
            "de": "Kommunikationsfehler ECM/TCS"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0074",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Requested Driving Torque",
        "de": "Angefordertes Antriebsmoment"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Driving torque request from TCS rejected or out of range.",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Anforderung der Traktionskontrolle abgewiesen oder außerhalb des Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_module",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_communication_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM/TCS communication issue",
            "de": "Kommunikationsfehler ECM/TCS"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0075",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Performance",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Positionssensor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pedal position sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremspedal-Positionssensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0076",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "PWM for Traction Control",
        "de": "PWM-Signal Traktionskontrolle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "PWM communication signal for traction control faulty.",
        "de": "PWM-Kommunikationssignal der Traktionskontrolle defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_module",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pwm_signal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PWM signal fault",
            "de": "PWM-Signal defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0077",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Tire Pressure",
        "de": "Reifendruck niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Tire pressure monitoring system detected low tire pressure.",
        "de": "Reifendruckkontrollsystem erkennt zu niedrigen Reifendruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tires"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_tire_pressure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tire(s) under-inflated",
            "de": "Reifen mit zu wenig Luftdruck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          30
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          0.3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0078",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Tire Diameter",
        "de": "Reifendurchmesser"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Detected wheel speed implies tire diameter outside expected range — typically wrong tire size or mismatched tires.",
        "de": "Geschwindigkeitssignale legen einen Reifendurchmesser außerhalb des Sollbereichs nahe — meist falsche Reifengröße oder unterschiedliche Reifen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tires"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_tire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong tire size or mismatch",
            "de": "Falsche Reifengröße oder ungleiche Reifen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0079",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on variable effort steering (VES) system.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am System variable Lenkkraft (VES)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ves_system_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VES system fault",
            "de": "VES-Systemfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0080",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wheel Speed Mismatch (Front Axle)",
        "de": "Raddrehzahl-Abweichung Vorderachse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Front axle wheel speeds differ beyond the plausibility threshold over time. Often caused by mismatched tyre rolling circumference or a partially failing sensor.",
        "de": "Die Raddrehzahlen der Vorderachse weichen ueber laengere Zeit ueber dem Plausibilitaetsschwellwert voneinander ab. Haeufig durch unterschiedliche Reifenabrollumfaenge oder einen teilweise defekten Sensor verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fl",
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fr",
        "tyres"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tyre_size_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mixed tyre sizes or worn tyre on one side",
            "de": "Gemischte Reifengroessen oder einseitig abgefahrener Reifen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifting",
            "de": "Ein Sensor mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0081",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wheel Speed Mismatch (Rear Axle)",
        "de": "Raddrehzahl-Abweichung Hinterachse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rear axle wheel speeds differ beyond the plausibility threshold.",
        "de": "Die Raddrehzahlen der Hinterachse weichen ueber dem Plausibilitaetsschwellwert ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rl",
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rr",
        "tyres"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tyre_size_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tyre size mismatch",
            "de": "Reifengroessen-Abweichung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0082",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake System Malfunction Indicator",
        "de": "Bremssystem-Warnleuchte"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake system malfunction indicator circuit fault.",
        "de": "Fehler am Schaltkreis der Bremssystem-Warnleuchte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_warning_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lamp_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp circuit or bulb fault",
            "de": "Lampenstromkreis oder Birne defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          0.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0083",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Tire Pressure Monitor Malfunction Indicator",
        "de": "Reifendruckkontrolle-Warnleuchte"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TPMS malfunction indicator circuit fault.",
        "de": "Fehler am Schaltkreis der TPMS-Warnleuchte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lamp_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp circuit or bulb fault",
            "de": "Lampenstromkreis oder Birne defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          0.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0084",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Traction Active Indicator",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Aktiv-Anzeige"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Traction control active indicator lamp circuit fault.",
        "de": "Fehler am Schaltkreis der Aktiv-Anzeige der Traktionskontrolle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_active_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lamp_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp circuit or bulb fault",
            "de": "Lampenstromkreis oder Birne defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          0.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0085",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Traction Disable Indicator",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Deaktiv-Anzeige"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Traction control disable indicator lamp circuit fault.",
        "de": "Fehler am Schaltkreis der Deaktiv-Anzeige der Traktionskontrolle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_off_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lamp_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp circuit or bulb fault",
            "de": "Lampenstromkreis oder Birne defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          0.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0086",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Dynamics Indicator",
        "de": "Fahrdynamik-Anzeige"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Vehicle dynamics control indicator lamp circuit fault.",
        "de": "Fehler am Schaltkreis der Fahrdynamik-Anzeige."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vdc_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lamp_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp circuit or bulb fault",
            "de": "Lampenstromkreis oder Birne defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          0.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0089",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCS Disable Switch",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Deaktivierungsschalter"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on TCS disable switch.",
        "de": "Fehler am Deaktivierungsschalter der Traktionskontrolle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_disable_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed or wiring fault",
            "de": "Schalter defekt oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C008A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCS Mode Control",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Modussteuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on TCS mode control input (offroad/sport mode etc.).",
        "de": "Fehler am Eingang der Modussteuerung der Traktionskontrolle (Gelände-/Sport-Modus)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mode switch fault",
            "de": "Modusschalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0090",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Brake Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake pressure sensor in the master cylinder or hydraulic block reports an implausible signal or no signal. The fault disables ABS, stability control and brake assist.",
        "de": "Der Bremsdrucksensor im Hauptbremszylinder oder Hydraulikblock meldet ein unplausibles oder fehlendes Signal. Der Fehler deaktiviert ABS, Stabilitaetsregelung und Bremsassistent."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor element failed",
            "de": "Drucksensorelement defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring fault",
            "de": "Sensorleitungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0091",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Brake Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake pressure sensor signal is outside the plausibility band relative to pedal application.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Bremsdrucksensors liegt im Verhaeltnis zur Pedalbetaetigung ausserhalb des Plausibilitaetsbandes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift with age",
            "de": "Sensor-Drift mit Alter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_block_leak",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic block leak",
            "de": "Interner Leckage im Hydraulikblock"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0092",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Power Transfer Unit Position Sensor B",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Verteilergetriebe Positionssensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on 4WD/AWD power transfer unit (PTU) position sensor B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Positionssensor B des Verteilergetriebes (PTU)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ptu_pos_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0093",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Power Transfer Unit Temperature Sensor",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Verteilergetriebe Temperatursensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on PTU temperature sensor.",
        "de": "Fehler am Temperatursensor des Verteilergetriebes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ptu_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0094",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Temperature Sensor",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Temperatursensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on rear differential unit temperature sensor.",
        "de": "Fehler am Temperatursensor des Hinterachsdifferentials."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0095",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator A",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on rear differential unit actuator A.",
        "de": "Fehler am Aktuator A des Hinterachsdifferentials."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0096",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator A Data",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator A Daten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rear differential actuator A data implausible or out of range.",
        "de": "Daten von Aktuator A unstimmig oder außerhalb des Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "data_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator data fault",
            "de": "Aktuatordaten defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0097",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator B",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on rear differential unit actuator B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Aktuator B des Hinterachsdifferentials."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0098",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator B Data",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator B Daten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rear differential actuator B data implausible or out of range.",
        "de": "Daten von Aktuator B unstimmig oder außerhalb des Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "data_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator data fault",
            "de": "Aktuatordaten defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0099",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Control Module Internal Fault",
        "de": "ABS-Steuergeraet interner Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module fails its internal self-test (RAM, ROM or processor watchdog). ABS and stability control are disabled.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergeraet besteht den internen Selbsttest nicht (RAM, ROM oder Prozessor-Watchdog). ABS und Stabilitaetsregelung werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internally failed",
            "de": "Steuergeraet intern defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "power_supply_undervoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply undervoltage during operation",
            "de": "Spannungsversorgung im Betrieb zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C009A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator A Position Sensor B",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator A Positionssensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on rear differential actuator A position sensor B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Positionssensor B von Aktuator A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_a_pos_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C009B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator A Position Sensor C",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator A Positionssensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on rear differential actuator A position sensor C.",
        "de": "Fehler am Positionssensor C von Aktuator A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_a_pos_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C009C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator A Position Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator A Positionssensor Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensors on rear differential actuator A disagree.",
        "de": "Positionssensoren am Aktuator A weichen voneinander ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_a_pos_a",
        "rear_diff_actuator_a_pos_b",
        "rear_diff_actuator_a_pos_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C009D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator B Position Sensor A",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator B Positionssensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on rear differential actuator B position sensor A.",
        "de": "Fehler am Positionssensor A von Aktuator B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_b_pos_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C009E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator B Position Sensor B",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator B Positionssensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on rear differential actuator B position sensor B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Positionssensor B von Aktuator B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_b_pos_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C009F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator B Position Sensor C",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator B Positionssensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on rear differential actuator B position sensor C.",
        "de": "Fehler am Positionssensor C von Aktuator B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_b_pos_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C00A0",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Rear Differential Unit Actuator B Position Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Hinterachsdifferential Aktuator B Positionssensor Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensors on rear differential actuator B disagree.",
        "de": "Positionssensoren am Aktuator B weichen voneinander ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_diff_actuator_b_pos_a",
        "rear_diff_actuator_b_pos_b",
        "rear_diff_actuator_b_pos_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C00A1",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driveline Control Module",
        "de": "Antriebsstrang-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on driveline control module.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Antriebsstrang-Steuermodul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driveline_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C00A2",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driveline Control Module Power Transfer Unit Control Circuit Driver",
        "de": "Antriebsstrang-Modul Verteilergetriebe-Treiber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driveline control module driver for PTU control circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Treiber für den Verteilergetriebe-Steuerschaltkreis im Antriebsstrang-Modul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driveline_module",
        "ptu"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C00A3",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driveline Control Module Rear Differential Unit A Control Circuit Driver",
        "de": "Antriebsstrang-Modul Hinterachsdifferential A-Treiber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driveline control module driver for rear differential unit A.",
        "de": "Fehler am Treiber für den Steuerschaltkreis des Hinterachsdifferentials A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driveline_module",
        "rear_diff_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C00A4",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driveline Control Module Rear Differential Unit B Control Circuit Driver",
        "de": "Antriebsstrang-Modul Hinterachsdifferential B-Treiber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driveline control module driver for rear differential unit B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Treiber für den Steuerschaltkreis des Hinterachsdifferentials B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driveline_module",
        "rear_diff_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C00A5",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driveline Control Module Transfer Case Unit Control Circuit Driver",
        "de": "Antriebsstrang-Modul Verteilergetriebe-Treiber (Transfer Case)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on driveline control module driver for transfer case unit.",
        "de": "Fehler am Treiber für den Steuerschaltkreis des Verteilergetriebes (Transfer Case)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driveline_module",
        "transfer_case"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C00A6",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Transfer Case Unit Actuator",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Verteilergetriebe Aktuator"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on transfer case unit actuator.",
        "de": "Fehler am Aktuator des Verteilergetriebes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C00A7",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Transfer Case Unit Actuator Position Sensor A",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Verteilergetriebe Aktuator Positionssensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on transfer case actuator position sensor A.",
        "de": "Fehler am Positionssensor A des Verteilergetriebe-Aktuators."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case_actuator_pos_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C00A8",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Transfer Case Unit Actuator Position Sensor B",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Verteilergetriebe Aktuator Positionssensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on transfer case actuator position sensor B.",
        "de": "Fehler am Positionssensor B des Verteilergetriebe-Aktuators."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case_actuator_pos_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0110",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected a fault in the hydraulic pump motor circuit. The pump rebuilds brake pressure during ABS regulation — without it, ABS and stability control are disabled.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des hydraulischen Pumpenmotors erkannt. Die Pumpe baut bei ABS-Regelung den Bremsdruck wieder auf — ohne sie werden ABS und Stabilitätsregelung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "abs_relay",
        "power_supply_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "abs_pump_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ABS pump motor failed (worn brushes, seized)",
            "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor defekt (Bürstenverschleiß, festgefressen)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ABS pump relay failed",
            "de": "ABS-Pumpenrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_power_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply wiring or fuse fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitungs- oder Sicherungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0111",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Activation Excessively Long",
        "de": "ABS-Eingriff zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS regulation has been active longer than the allowed duration during a single brake event, suggesting a sensor or hydraulic problem.",
        "de": "Die ABS-Regelung war waehrend eines einzelnen Bremsvorgangs laenger aktiv als zulaessig; dies deutet auf ein Sensor- oder Hydraulikproblem hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "wheel_speed_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_friction_road",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Extreme low-friction road condition",
            "de": "Extrem rutschige Fahrbahn"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic block internal leak",
            "de": "Interner Leck im Hydraulikblock"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0112",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Activation Frequency Too High",
        "de": "ABS-Aktivierungshaeufigkeit zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS regulation cycles activate more frequently than the plausibility model allows.",
        "de": "ABS-Regelzyklen werden haeufiger aktiv als das Plausibilitaetsmodell zulaesst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "wheel_speed_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_signal_noise",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor signal noise",
            "de": "Stoersignal eines Raddrehzahlsensors"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged",
            "de": "Polrad beschaedigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0121",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Valve Relay Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Ventilrelais Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected a fault in the valve relay circuit, which supplies power to the ABS solenoid valves. With this fault, the module cannot energize the valves and ABS is disabled.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Ventilrelais erkannt, das die ABS-Magnetventile mit Spannung versorgt. Bei aktivem Fehler kann das Steuergerät die Ventile nicht ansteuern und ABS wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_valve_relay",
        "abs_control_module",
        "abs_hydraulic_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve relay failed",
            "de": "Ventilrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal ABS module fault (relay integrated)",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im ABS-Steuergerät (Relais integriert)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_power_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply wiring or fuse fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitungs- oder Sicherungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0128",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Brake Fluid Indicated",
        "de": "Bremsfluessigkeitsstand niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake fluid level switch in the master cylinder reservoir reports a low level. ABS and stability control may be deactivated as a precaution.",
        "de": "Der Bremsfluessigkeitsstand-Schalter im Ausgleichsbehaelter meldet einen zu niedrigen Pegel. ABS und Stabilitaetsregelung koennen vorsichtshalber deaktiviert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_fluid_level_switch",
        "master_cylinder_reservoir"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pad_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn brake pads (fluid drops as pistons extend)",
            "de": "Verschlissene Bremsbelaege (Fluessigkeit sinkt mit Kolbenausschub)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic system leak",
            "de": "Leck im Hydrauliksystem"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Level switch failed",
            "de": "Pegelschalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0131",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Master Cylinder Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hauptbremszylinder-Drucksensor Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS or stability control module has detected an implausible signal from the master cylinder brake pressure sensor. This sensor reports driver brake input and is used by ABS and ESP for control decisions.",
        "de": "Das ABS- oder ESP-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Drucksensor des Hauptbremszylinders erkannt. Der Sensor meldet die Bremsanforderung des Fahrers und wird von ABS und ESP für Regelentscheidungen genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "esp_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_fluid_air",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air in brake system causing erratic pressure",
            "de": "Luft im Bremssystem verursacht unstetigen Druck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0136",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stop Lamp Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Bremslichtschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS or stability control module sees an implausible brake light switch signal. Stability and brake assist functions can be limited until the fault is cleared.",
        "de": "Das ABS- oder ESP-Steuergeraet erkennt ein unplausibles Bremslichtschalter-Signal. Stabilitaets- und Bremsassistent-Funktionen koennen bis zur Behebung eingeschraenkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_light_switch",
        "abs_control_module",
        "wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake light switch failed",
            "de": "Bremslichtschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch misadjusted on pedal bracket",
            "de": "Schalter am Pedalbock falsch eingestellt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_light_switch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0141",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front ABS Inlet Solenoid Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Einlassventil vorne links Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected an electrical fault in the inlet solenoid for the left front brake circuit. The solenoid isolates the wheel circuit from master cylinder pressure during ABS regulation.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler am Einlassventil des linken vorderen Bremskreises erkannt. Das Ventil trennt während der ABS-Regelung den Radkreis vom Hauptbremszylinderdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_inlet_solenoid",
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "abs_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inlet solenoid coil open or shorted",
            "de": "Spule des Einlassventils unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal ABS module fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im ABS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0146",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front ABS Outlet Solenoid Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Auslassventil vorne links Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected an electrical fault in the outlet solenoid for the left front brake circuit. The outlet valve releases brake pressure to the low-pressure accumulator during ABS regulation.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler am Auslassventil des linken vorderen Bremskreises erkannt. Das Auslassventil baut während der ABS-Regelung Bremsdruck zum Niederdruckspeicher ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_outlet_solenoid",
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "abs_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet solenoid coil open or shorted",
            "de": "Spule des Auslassventils unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal ABS module fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im ABS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0148",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front ABS Outlet Solenoid B Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "ABS-Auslassventil B vorne rechts Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS module has detected an electrical fault in the secondary outlet solenoid for the right front wheel. ABS and stability control are disabled while the fault is active.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler im zweiten Auslassventil für das rechte Vorderrad erkannt. ABS und Stabilitätsregelung sind bei aktivem Fehler deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module",
        "solenoid_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet solenoid valve failed (open or shorted)",
            "de": "Auslassventil defekt (Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_unit_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal fault in ABS hydraulic unit",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im ABS-Hydraulikaggregat"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0151",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front ABS Inlet Solenoid Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Einlassventil vorne rechts Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected an electrical fault in the inlet solenoid for the left front brake circuit. The solenoid isolates the wheel circuit from master cylinder pressure during ABS regulation.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler am Einlassventil des linken vorderen Bremskreises erkannt. Das Ventil trennt während der ABS-Regelung den Radkreis vom Hauptbremszylinderdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_inlet_solenoid",
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "abs_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inlet solenoid coil open or shorted",
            "de": "Spule des Einlassventils unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal ABS module fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im ABS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0153",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front ABS Inlet Solenoid B Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "ABS-Einlassventil B vorne rechts Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the secondary inlet solenoid for the right front wheel. Pressure modulation for that wheel is no longer possible and ABS is disabled.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im zweiten Einlassventil für das rechte Vorderrad. Eine Druckmodulation an diesem Rad ist nicht mehr möglich und ABS ist deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module",
        "solenoid_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inlet solenoid valve failed",
            "de": "Einlassventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_unit_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic unit fault",
            "de": "Interner Hydraulikaggregat-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0156",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front ABS Outlet Solenoid Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Auslassventil vorne rechts Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected an electrical fault in the outlet solenoid for the left front brake circuit. The outlet valve releases brake pressure to the low-pressure accumulator during ABS regulation.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler am Auslassventil des linken vorderen Bremskreises erkannt. Das Auslassventil baut während der ABS-Regelung Bremsdruck zum Niederdruckspeicher ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_outlet_solenoid",
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "abs_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet solenoid coil open or shorted",
            "de": "Spule des Auslassventils unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal ABS module fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im ABS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0158",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear ABS Inlet Solenoid Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "ABS-Einlassventil hinten links Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the inlet solenoid for the left rear wheel. ABS is disabled and the warning lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Einlassventil für das hintere linke Rad. ABS ist deaktiviert und die Warnleuchte leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module",
        "solenoid_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inlet solenoid valve failed",
            "de": "Einlassventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_unit_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic unit fault",
            "de": "Interner Hydraulikaggregat-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0161",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS/TCS Brake Switch Circuit",
        "de": "ABS/ASR-Bremslichtschalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS or traction control module has detected an implausible signal from the brake light switch. The switch tells the module whether the driver is braking and is used to inhibit traction control during braking.",
        "de": "Das ABS- oder ASR-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Bremslichtschalter erkannt. Der Schalter meldet dem Steuergerät die Betätigung der Bremse und wird zur Sperre der Antriebsschlupfregelung beim Bremsen genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_light_switch",
        "abs_control_module",
        "tcs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake light switch failed or misadjusted",
            "de": "Bremslichtschalter defekt oder falsch justiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0163",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear ABS Outlet Solenoid Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "ABS-Auslassventil hinten links Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the outlet solenoid for the left rear wheel. ABS pressure release for this wheel is no longer possible.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Auslassventil für das hintere linke Rad. Ein Druckabbau am Rad ist nicht mehr möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module",
        "solenoid_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet solenoid valve failed",
            "de": "Auslassventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_unit_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic unit fault",
            "de": "Interner Hydraulikaggregat-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0168",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear ABS Inlet Solenoid Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "ABS-Einlassventil hinten rechts Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the inlet solenoid for the right rear wheel. ABS is disabled while the fault is active.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Einlassventil für das hintere rechte Rad. ABS ist bei aktivem Fehler deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module",
        "solenoid_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inlet solenoid valve failed",
            "de": "Einlassventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_unit_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic unit fault",
            "de": "Interner Hydraulikaggregat-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0173",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear ABS Outlet Solenoid Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "ABS-Auslassventil hinten rechts Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the outlet solenoid for the right rear wheel. ABS pressure release for this wheel is no longer possible.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Auslassventil für das hintere rechte Rad. Ein Druckabbau am Rad ist nicht mehr möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module",
        "solenoid_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Outlet solenoid valve failed",
            "de": "Auslassventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_unit_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic unit fault",
            "de": "Interner Hydraulikaggregat-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0185",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lateral Acceleration Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Querbeschleunigungssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The stability control module has detected that the lateral acceleration sensor signal is out of the expected range or does not match other inertial sensors. ESP and roll-stability functions may be disabled.",
        "de": "Das ESP-Steuergerät hat festgestellt, dass das Signal des Querbeschleunigungssensors außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs liegt oder nicht zu anderen Inertialsensoren passt. ESP und Wankstabilität können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lateral_acceleration_sensor",
        "esp_control_module",
        "sensor_cluster"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lateral acceleration sensor failed or drifted",
            "de": "Querbeschleunigungssensor defekt oder driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_misaligned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose or misaligned after body repair",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose oder nach Karosseriereparatur falsch ausgerichtet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "calibration_required",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration after replacement not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung nach Austausch nicht durchgeführt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0186",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lateral Acceleration Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Querbeschleunigungssensor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The stability control module has detected an implausible signal from the lateral acceleration sensor. ESP uses lateral g-force together with yaw rate and steering angle to detect skid conditions — without it, ESP is disabled.",
        "de": "Das ESP-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Querbeschleunigungssensor erkannt. ESP nutzt die Querbeschleunigung zusammen mit Gierrate und Lenkwinkel zur Erkennung von Schleudersituationen — ohne dieses Signal wird ESP deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lateral_acceleration_sensor",
        "esp_control_module",
        "sensor_cluster"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lateral_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lateral acceleration sensor failed",
            "de": "Querbeschleunigungssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_cluster_mounting",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor cluster loose or mounted incorrectly",
            "de": "Sensorblock lose oder falsch montiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0196",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Yaw Rate Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Gierratensensor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The stability control module has detected an implausible signal from the yaw rate sensor. The yaw sensor measures rotation around the vertical axis and is essential for ESP — a fault disables stability control.",
        "de": "Das ESP-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Gierratensensor erkannt. Der Sensor misst die Drehung um die Hochachse und ist für ESP essenziell — bei einem Fehler wird die Stabilitätsregelung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "esp_control_module",
        "sensor_cluster"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "yaw_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Yaw rate sensor failed",
            "de": "Gierratensensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "yaw_sensor_calibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not calibrated after replacement or alignment",
            "de": "Sensor nach Tausch oder Achsvermessung nicht kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0200",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Solenoid Valve Front Left Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Magnetventil vorne links Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module detects a fault in the inlet/outlet solenoid for the front left brake circuit. The valve is integrated in the hydraulic block; replacement is generally a workshop task.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergeraet erkennt einen Fehler am Einlass-/Auslass-Magnetventil des linken Vorderrad-Bremskreises. Das Ventil ist in den Hydraulikblock integriert; ein Tausch ist in der Regel Werkstattaufgabe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_fl",
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_block_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short to ground in valve block",
            "de": "Interner Massekurzschluss im Ventilblock"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0201",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Fluid Level Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Bremsflüssigkeitsstand-Schalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS or brake control module has detected a fault in the brake fluid level switch circuit. A low fluid level indicates a potential leak in the hydraulic system and disables ABS while a separate brake warning lamp is illuminated.",
        "de": "Das ABS- oder Brems-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Bremsflüssigkeitsstand-Schalters erkannt. Ein niedriger Flüssigkeitsstand weist auf ein mögliches Leck im Hydrauliksystem hin und deaktiviert ABS bei gleichzeitigem Aufleuchten der Brems-Warnleuchte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_fluid_level_switch",
        "brake_fluid_reservoir",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_fluid_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake fluid level low (worn pads or hydraulic leak)",
            "de": "Bremsflüssigkeitsstand niedrig (verschlissene Beläge oder Leck)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "level_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float switch in reservoir failed",
            "de": "Schwimmerschalter im Behälter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0202",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor",
        "de": "Bremspedalstellungssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis or brake control module has detected an implausible signal from the brake pedal position sensor. Modern brake systems use this sensor for brake assist, regenerative braking and adaptive cruise control functions.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerks- oder Brems-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Bremspedalstellungssensor erkannt. Moderne Bremssysteme nutzen diesen Sensor für Bremsassistent, Rekuperation und adaptive Geschwindigkeitsregelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor",
        "brake_control_module",
        "brake_pedal_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal position sensor failed",
            "de": "Pedalstellungssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_calibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not calibrated after replacement",
            "de": "Sensor nach Tausch nicht kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0203",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Solenoid Valve Front Right Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Magnetventil vorne rechts Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault in the front right ABS solenoid (mirror of C0200).",
        "de": "Fehler am ABS-Magnetventil vorne rechts (analog zu C0200)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_fr",
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_block_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short to ground",
            "de": "Interner Massekurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0205",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stop Lamp Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Bremslichtschalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS or stability control module has detected a fault in the stop lamp switch circuit. The brake light switch tells the module whether the driver is braking and is used to coordinate ABS, traction control and cruise control.",
        "de": "Das ABS- oder ESP-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Bremslichtschalters erkannt. Der Schalter meldet die Bremsbetätigung des Fahrers und dient der Koordination von ABS, ASR und Geschwindigkeitsregelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stop_lamp_switch",
        "abs_control_module",
        "cruise_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stop_lamp_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stop lamp switch failed or misadjusted",
            "de": "Bremslichtschalter defekt oder falsch justiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stop_lamp_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stop_lamp_fuse",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blown stop lamp fuse",
            "de": "Bremslicht-Sicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0206",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Solenoid Valve Rear Left Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Magnetventil hinten links Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault in the rear left ABS solenoid valve.",
        "de": "Fehler am ABS-Magnetventil hinten links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_rl",
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_block_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short to ground",
            "de": "Interner Massekurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0209",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Solenoid Valve Rear Right Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Magnetventil hinten rechts Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault in the rear right ABS solenoid valve.",
        "de": "Fehler am ABS-Magnetventil hinten rechts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_rr",
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_block_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short to ground",
            "de": "Interner Massekurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0220",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Valve Block Supply Voltage",
        "de": "ABS-Ventilblock Versorgungsspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage to the ABS valve block is out of range, disabling all valve control.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des ABS-Ventilblocks liegt ausserhalb des Bereichs; saemtliche Ventilansteuerung wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "abs_control_module",
        "power_supply_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_undervoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery undervoltage",
            "de": "Batterieunterspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground point corroded",
            "de": "Massepunkt korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0225",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Valve Relay Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Ventilrelais Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The valve relay supplying the ABS solenoids does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Das Ventilrelais zur Versorgung der ABS-Magnetventile reagiert nicht wie angesteuert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_valve_relay",
        "abs_control_module",
        "relay_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve relay failed",
            "de": "Ventilrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "control_circuit_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay control circuit open",
            "de": "Relais-Steuerleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0230",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Bremspedalpositionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake pedal position sensor reports an implausible signal. Required for brake-by-wire and stability control.",
        "de": "Der Bremspedalpositionssensor meldet ein unplausibles Signal. Erforderlich fuer Brake-by-Wire und Stabilitaetsregelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pedal_linkage_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal linkage loose, biasing sensor",
            "de": "Pedalanlenkung lose, beeinflusst Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0234",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wheel Speed Sensor Frequency Error",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor Frequenzfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected that one of the wheel speed sensor signals has a frequency outside the plausible range, e.g. unrealistically high pulses or signal dropouts at speed. Stability control may be limited.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass ein Raddrehzahlsignal eine Frequenz außerhalb des plausiblen Bereichs aufweist — etwa unrealistisch hohe Impulse oder Signalaussetzer bei Geschwindigkeit. Die Stabilitätsregelung kann eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "tone_ring",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged, missing teeth, or contaminated",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt, fehlende Zähne oder verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_air_gap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor air gap incorrect (loose mounting)",
            "de": "Sensor-Luftspalt falsch (lose Befestigung)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor degraded",
            "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0235",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wheel Speed Sensor Signal Erratic",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor Signal unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected an erratic wheel speed sensor signal — sudden jumps or dropouts compared to the other wheels. Typical causes are a damaged tone ring or a loose sensor.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat ein unstetiges Raddrehzahlsignal erkannt — plötzliche Sprünge oder Aussetzer im Vergleich zu den übrigen Rädern. Typische Ursachen sind ein beschädigtes Polrad oder ein loser Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "tone_ring",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged or contaminated with metal debris",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt oder mit Metallspänen verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor loose in housing",
            "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor lose im Sitz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hub_bearing_play",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive hub bearing play",
            "de": "Übermäßiges Radlagerspiel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0237",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Loss of Speed Sensor Signal Front Left",
        "de": "Verlust des Drehzahlsignals vorne links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has lost the wheel speed signal from the front left wheel during driving. ABS and stability control are disabled because wheel-individual speed information is required for slip detection.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat während der Fahrt das Raddrehzahlsignal des vorderen linken Rades verloren. ABS und Stabilitätsregelung werden deaktiviert, da radindividuelle Drehzahlinformationen für die Schlupferkennung erforderlich sind."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "tone_ring",
        "abs_control_module",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break at wheel arch",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im Radkasten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0238",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Speed Wheel-to-Wheel Mismatch",
        "de": "Raddrehzahl Rad-zu-Rad Abweichung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected an implausible speed difference between wheels that cannot be explained by cornering. This typically points to one suspect sensor, mismatched tyre sizes or a damaged tone ring.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat eine unplausible Drehzahldifferenz zwischen Rädern erkannt, die sich nicht durch Kurvenfahrt erklären lässt. Üblicherweise weist dies auf einen verdächtigen Sensor, ungleiche Reifengrößen oder ein beschädigtes Polrad hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "tone_ring",
        "tires",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tire_size_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tyre sizes or wear levels do not match across axles",
            "de": "Reifengrößen oder Verschleißgrade an den Achsen unterschiedlich"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring missing teeth on one wheel",
            "de": "Polrad an einem Rad mit fehlenden Zähnen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor degraded",
            "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0240",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS or stability control module has detected a fault in a brake pressure sensor. Pressure information is used by ESP and brake assist to determine driver intent and modulation pressure during regulation.",
        "de": "Das ABS- oder ESP-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler eines Bremsdrucksensors erkannt. Die Druckinformation wird von ESP und Bremsassistent genutzt, um die Fahrerabsicht und den Modulationsdruck während der Regelung zu bestimmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor",
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Bremsdrucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_fluid_air",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air in brake system",
            "de": "Luft im Bremssystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0241",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Warning Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "ABS-Warnleuchte Ansteuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS warning lamp control circuit is shorted or open. The driver may see a permanently lit or non-functional ABS warning lamp.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerung der ABS-Warnleuchte ist kurzgeschlossen oder unterbrochen. Die Warnleuchte kann dauerhaft leuchten oder nicht ansprechen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_warning_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_or_led_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp bulb/LED failed",
            "de": "Lampe/LED defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wiring shorted",
            "de": "Steuerleitung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0242",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCM Indicated ABS Malfunction",
        "de": "PCM meldet ABS-Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The powertrain control module reports a fault that the ABS module must consider (e.g. traction control engine torque request fault).",
        "de": "Das Antriebssteuergeraet meldet einen Fehler, den das ABS-Modul beruecksichtigen muss (z. B. Anforderung der Motormoment-Reduktion durch ASR)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "powertrain_control_module",
        "abs_control_module",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcs_torque_request_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Traction control torque request fault",
            "de": "ASR-Drehmomentanforderungsfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_communication_loss",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus communication loss",
            "de": "Buskommunikation unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0244",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "PWM Brake Pressure Modulation Circuit",
        "de": "PWM-Bremsdruckmodulation Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PWM control of the brake pressure modulation valves is faulty.",
        "de": "Die PWM-Ansteuerung der Bremsdruck-Modulationsventile ist fehlerhaft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_output_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module PWM output stage fault",
            "de": "Endstufenfehler im Steuergeraet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0245",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wheel Speed Sensor Frequency Mismatch",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor Frequenzabweichung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS control module has detected that the frequency of one wheel speed sensor signal does not match the others under stable driving conditions. This often indicates a tone ring with extra or missing teeth or a sensor with degraded signal quality.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Frequenz eines Raddrehzahlsignals bei stabiler Fahrt von den anderen abweicht. Häufig deutet dies auf ein Polrad mit zusätzlichen oder fehlenden Zähnen oder einen Sensor mit eingeschränkter Signalqualität hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "tone_ring",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged or contaminated",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor degraded",
            "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tire_size_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tyre size mismatch",
            "de": "Reifengrößen-Abweichung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0246",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS/TCS Control Module Internal Performance",
        "de": "ABS/ASR-Steuergeraet interne Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Internal plausibility check of the combined ABS/TCS control module fails.",
        "de": "Die interne Plausibilitaetspruefung des kombinierten ABS-/ASR-Steuergeraets schlaegt fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Steuergeraet intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0250",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Pump Pressure",
        "de": "Servolenkungspumpe Druck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power steering control module has detected an implausible pressure or load signal from the steering pump. On hydraulic systems this may indicate low fluid or a worn pump; on electric systems it may indicate excessive motor load.",
        "de": "Das Lenkungs-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Druck- oder Lastsignal der Lenkpumpe erkannt. Bei hydraulischen Systemen kann dies auf niedrigen Flüssigkeitsstand oder eine verschlissene Pumpe hinweisen; bei elektrischen Systemen auf eine zu hohe Motorlast."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_pump",
        "power_steering_module",
        "power_steering_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ps_fluid_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power steering fluid low or contaminated",
            "de": "Servoöl niedrig oder verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ps_pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power steering pump worn",
            "de": "Servolenkungspumpe verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ps_pressure_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0252",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pump Motor Ground Circuit Open",
        "de": "Pumpenmotor Massekreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pump motor ground return is open. The motor cannot run, and the system disables ABS and stability control.",
        "de": "Die Masseleitung des Pumpenmotors ist unterbrochen. Der Motor laeuft nicht; ABS und Stabilitaetsregelung werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "ground_strap"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ground_strap_corroded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground strap corroded",
            "de": "Masseband korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_wire_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground wire broken",
            "de": "Masseleitung gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0258",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Vacuum Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstaerker-Vakuumsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake booster vacuum sensor reports an implausible signal; brake assist functions are reduced.",
        "de": "Der Vakuumsensor des Bremskraftverstaerkers meldet ein unplausibles Signal; Bremsassistent-Funktionen werden reduziert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_vacuum_sensor",
        "vacuum_hose"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum hose leak",
            "de": "Vakuumschlauch undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_servo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0265",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "EBCM Relay Circuit",
        "de": "EBCM-Relais Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Electronic Brake Control Module has detected a fault in its main supply relay circuit. Without proper relay supply the EBCM cannot operate the hydraulic unit and ABS as well as stability control are disabled.",
        "de": "Das elektronische Brems-Steuergerät (EBCM) hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Hauptversorgungs-Relais erkannt. Ohne Relaisversorgung kann das EBCM die Hydraulikeinheit nicht ansteuern, ABS und Stabilitätsregelung werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ebcm_relay",
        "ebcm_module",
        "power_supply_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ebcm_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EBCM relay failed",
            "de": "EBCM-Relais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ebcm_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal EBCM fault (relay integrated)",
            "de": "Interner EBCM-Fehler (Relais integriert)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ebcm_power_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply wiring or fuse fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitungs- oder Sicherungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0266",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Brake Booster",
        "de": "Aktiver Bremskraftverstärker"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake control module has detected a fault in the active (electric or vacuum-controlled) brake booster. Active boosters are used by emergency brake assist and adaptive cruise control to autonomously build brake pressure.",
        "de": "Das Brems-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler am aktiven (elektrischen oder vakuumgesteuerten) Bremskraftverstärker erkannt. Aktive Verstärker werden von Notbremsassistent und adaptiver Geschwindigkeitsregelung zum eigenständigen Aufbau von Bremsdruck genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_brake_booster",
        "brake_control_module",
        "vacuum_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "active_booster_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Active booster motor or solenoid failed",
            "de": "Motor oder Magnetventil des aktiven Verstärkers defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum supply weak (vacuum pump or hose fault)",
            "de": "Vakuumversorgung schwach (Vakuumpumpe oder Schlauchfehler)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "booster_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0267",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pump Motor Circuit",
        "de": "Bremspumpenmotor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS or brake control module has detected an electrical fault in the brake pump motor circuit. The pump is used to build brake pressure during ABS, ESP and brake-by-wire operations and a fault disables these functions.",
        "de": "Das ABS- oder Brems-Steuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler im Stromkreis des Bremspumpenmotors erkannt. Die Pumpe baut bei ABS-, ESP- und Brake-by-Wire-Funktionen Bremsdruck auf; ein Fehler deaktiviert diese Funktionen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pump_motor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "power_supply_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_pump_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake pump motor failed",
            "de": "Bremspumpenmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor relay failed",
            "de": "Pumpenrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_power_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply wiring fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitungs-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0268",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pump Run Time Exceeded",
        "de": "Bremspumpe Laufzeit überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake control module has detected that the brake pump has run longer than the allowed maximum time. This typically indicates the pump cannot reach target pressure due to a hydraulic leak, air in the system or a worn pump.",
        "de": "Das Brems-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Bremspumpe länger als die zulässige Maximalzeit gelaufen ist. Üblicherweise erreicht die Pumpe den Solldruck nicht — Ursache sind hydraulische Lecks, Luft im System oder eine verschlissene Pumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pump_motor",
        "abs_hydraulic_unit",
        "brake_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic leak in brake system",
            "de": "Hydraulisches Leck im Bremssystem"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_fluid_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air in brake system",
            "de": "Luft im Bremssystem"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_pump_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake pump worn or weak",
            "de": "Bremspumpe verschlissen oder schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0269",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Vacuum Sensor",
        "de": "Bremsvakuumsensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake control module has detected an implausible signal from the vacuum sensor on the brake booster. Modern systems monitor booster vacuum to ensure brake assist is available, especially with stop-start engines and electric vacuum pumps.",
        "de": "Das Brems-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Vakuumsensor des Bremskraftverstärkers erkannt. Moderne Systeme überwachen das Vakuum, um die Bremsunterstützung sicherzustellen, besonders bei Start-Stopp-Motoren und elektrischen Vakuumpumpen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_vacuum_sensor",
        "brake_booster",
        "vacuum_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum sensor failed",
            "de": "Vakuumsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in vacuum supply line",
            "de": "Leck in der Vakuumleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum pump weak",
            "de": "Vakuumpumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0273",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Pressure Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Drucksensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake control module has detected an out-of-range or implausible signal from the brake booster pressure sensor. Brake assist and electronic boost functions may be limited.",
        "de": "Das Bremssteuergerät hat ein außerhalb des Bereichs liegendes oder unplausibles Signal vom Bremskraftverstärker-Drucksensor erkannt. Bremsassistent und elektronische Verstärkung können eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster",
        "booster_pressure_sensor",
        "brake_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Booster pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor des Bremskraftverstärkers defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault to sensor",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler zum Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0277",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Vacuum Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Vakuumsensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake control module has detected an implausible signal from the booster vacuum sensor. Loss of vacuum signal can cause hard pedal and reduced power assist.",
        "de": "Das Bremssteuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Vakuumsensor des Bremskraftverstärkers erkannt. Ein fehlendes Vakuumsignal kann zu hartem Pedal und reduzierter Verstärkung führen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster",
        "vacuum_sensor",
        "brake_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum sensor failed",
            "de": "Vakuumsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak in booster or hose",
            "de": "Vakuumleck am Verstärker oder Schlauch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0279",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Boost Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Boost-Sensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake control module has detected an electrical fault in the booster boost (assist pressure) sensor circuit. Power-assist regulation may default to a backup strategy.",
        "de": "Das Bremssteuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler im Stromkreis des Boost- bzw. Unterstützungsdrucksensors erkannt. Die Verstärkungsregelung läuft ggf. im Notbetrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster",
        "boost_sensor",
        "brake_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "boost_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost sensor failed",
            "de": "Boost-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Sensorkabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0287",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ESP Performance",
        "de": "ESP Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The stability control module has detected that overall ESP performance is degraded — typically a plausibility check between yaw rate, lateral acceleration, steering angle and wheel speeds has failed. ESP is deactivated until the root cause is resolved.",
        "de": "Das ESP-Steuergerät hat eine eingeschränkte ESP-Funktion erkannt — meist hat eine Plausibilitätsprüfung zwischen Gierrate, Querbeschleunigung, Lenkwinkel und Raddrehzahlen versagt. ESP wird bis zur Behebung der Ursache deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "esp_control_module",
        "sensor_cluster",
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "lateral_acceleration_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_calibration_required",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor calibration required after repair",
            "de": "Sensorkalibrierung nach Reparatur erforderlich"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_cluster_mounting",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor cluster loose or mounted incorrectly",
            "de": "Sensorblock lose oder falsch montiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_fault_present",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary fault on individual sensor",
            "de": "Folgefehler eines einzelnen Sensors"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0288",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Yaw Rate Sensor Range",
        "de": "Gierratensensor Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The stability control module has detected that the yaw rate sensor signal is outside the plausible range during stable driving. This typically indicates a sensor offset, an incorrect mounting or a degraded sensor element.",
        "de": "Das ESP-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass das Gierratensignal bei stabiler Fahrt außerhalb des plausiblen Bereichs liegt. Üblicherweise weist dies auf einen Sensoroffset, eine falsche Montage oder ein verschlissenes Sensorelement hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "sensor_cluster",
        "esp_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "yaw_sensor_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not calibrated",
            "de": "Sensor nicht kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "yaw_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Yaw rate sensor failed",
            "de": "Gierratensensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_cluster_mounting",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor cluster mounted incorrectly",
            "de": "Sensorblock falsch montiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0290",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Stroke Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Bremspedalweg-Sensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake control module has detected an out-of-range signal from the brake pedal stroke sensor. Pedal travel information is required for brake assist and electronically boosted braking.",
        "de": "Das Bremssteuergerät hat ein Signal des Bremspedalweg-Sensors außerhalb des gültigen Bereichs erkannt. Die Pedalweg-Information ist für Bremsassistent und elektronisch unterstützte Bremsung erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_stroke_sensor",
        "brake_control_module",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stroke_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal stroke sensor failed",
            "de": "Pedalweg-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting or pedal linkage misadjusted",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung oder Pedalmechanik dejustiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0291",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Apply Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Betätigungssensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the brake pedal apply sensor circuit. The module cannot reliably detect whether the brake pedal is pressed, which affects ABS, ESP and brake assist functions.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des Bremspedal-Betätigungssensors. Das Steuergerät kann nicht mehr zuverlässig erkennen, ob das Bremspedal getreten ist, was ABS, ESP und Bremsassistent betrifft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_apply_sensor",
        "brake_control_module",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "apply_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal apply sensor failed",
            "de": "Betätigungssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_or_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0295",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Sensor Indicates Bias",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor zeigt Offset"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The stability control module has detected that the steering wheel position sensor reports a non-zero angle when the vehicle is driving straight. This bias makes ESP intervene incorrectly and the system requires recalibration.",
        "de": "Das ESP-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass der Lenkwinkelsensor bei Geradeausfahrt einen Wert ungleich Null meldet. Dieser Offset führt zu fehlerhaften ESP-Eingriffen und das System muss neu kalibriert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "esp_control_module",
        "alignment_components"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle sensor calibration required",
            "de": "Kalibrierung des Lenkwinkelsensors erforderlich"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alignment_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel alignment incorrect",
            "de": "Achsvermessung fehlerhaft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle sensor failed",
            "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0300",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Inlet Valve Front Left Performance",
        "de": "Einlassventil vorne links Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front left inlet solenoid valve does not respond hydraulically as expected during ABS self-test.",
        "de": "Das Einlass-Magnetventil vorne links reagiert hydraulisch nicht wie erwartet im ABS-Selbsttest."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_fl",
        "abs_hydraulic_block"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck due to brake fluid debris",
            "de": "Ventil durch Bremsfluessigkeitsablagerungen klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstands-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0301",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Suspension Compressor Relay",
        "de": "Luftfederkompressor-Relais"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The air suspension control module has detected a fault in the compressor relay circuit. The compressor cannot be energized which prevents the system from refilling the air struts and ride height drops over time.",
        "de": "Das Luftfederungs-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Kompressor-Relais erkannt. Der Kompressor kann nicht angesteuert werden, das System kann die Luftfederbälge nicht befüllen und das Fahrzeugniveau sinkt mit der Zeit ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "compressor_relay",
        "air_compressor",
        "air_suspension_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "compressor_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compressor relay failed",
            "de": "Kompressor-Relais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay wiring or fuse fault",
            "de": "Relaisverkabelung oder Sicherung defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_suspension_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Steuergerät-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0302",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Outlet Valve Front Left Performance",
        "de": "Auslassventil vorne links Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front left outlet solenoid valve does not respond hydraulically as expected.",
        "de": "Das Auslass-Magnetventil vorne links reagiert hydraulisch nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_fl",
        "abs_hydraulic_block"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck",
            "de": "Ventil klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstands-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0303",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Inlet Valve Front Right Performance",
        "de": "Einlassventil vorne rechts Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front right inlet solenoid valve does not respond hydraulically as expected.",
        "de": "Das Einlass-Magnetventil vorne rechts reagiert hydraulisch nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_fr",
        "abs_hydraulic_block"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck",
            "de": "Ventil klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstands-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0304",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Outlet Valve Front Right Performance",
        "de": "Auslassventil vorne rechts Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front right outlet solenoid valve does not respond hydraulically as expected.",
        "de": "Das Auslass-Magnetventil vorne rechts reagiert hydraulisch nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_fr",
        "abs_hydraulic_block"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck",
            "de": "Ventil klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstands-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0305",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Inlet Valve Rear Left Performance",
        "de": "Einlassventil hinten links Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rear left inlet solenoid valve does not respond hydraulically as expected.",
        "de": "Das Einlass-Magnetventil hinten links reagiert hydraulisch nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_rl",
        "abs_hydraulic_block"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck",
            "de": "Ventil klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstands-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0306",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ride Height Sensor Front Left",
        "de": "Niveausensor vorne links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The air suspension control module has detected a fault in the front left ride height sensor circuit. Without this signal the module cannot regulate suspension height and self-levelling is disabled.",
        "de": "Das Luftfederungs-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Niveausensors vorne links erkannt. Ohne dieses Signal kann das Modul die Federungsniveaus nicht regeln und die Niveauregulierung wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ride_height_sensor",
        "air_suspension_module",
        "sensor_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ride_height_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ride height sensor failed",
            "de": "Niveausensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor linkage broken or detached",
            "de": "Sensorgestänge gebrochen oder gelöst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0307",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Inlet Valve Rear Right Performance",
        "de": "Einlassventil hinten rechts Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rear right inlet solenoid valve does not respond hydraulically as expected.",
        "de": "Das Einlass-Magnetventil hinten rechts reagiert hydraulisch nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_rr",
        "abs_hydraulic_block"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck",
            "de": "Ventil klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstands-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0308",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ride Height Sensor Front Right",
        "de": "Niveausensor vorne rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The air suspension control module has detected a fault in the front left ride height sensor circuit. Without this signal the module cannot regulate suspension height and self-levelling is disabled.",
        "de": "Das Luftfederungs-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Niveausensors vorne links erkannt. Ohne dieses Signal kann das Modul die Federungsniveaus nicht regeln und die Niveauregulierung wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ride_height_sensor",
        "air_suspension_module",
        "sensor_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ride_height_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ride height sensor failed",
            "de": "Niveausensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor linkage broken or detached",
            "de": "Sensorgestänge gebrochen oder gelöst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0309",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Outlet Valve Rear Right Performance",
        "de": "Auslassventil hinten rechts Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rear right outlet solenoid valve does not respond hydraulically as expected.",
        "de": "Das Auslass-Magnetventil hinten rechts reagiert hydraulisch nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_solenoid_valve_rr",
        "abs_hydraulic_block"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck",
            "de": "Ventil klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstands-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0310",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ride Height Sensor Rear Left",
        "de": "Niveausensor hinten links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The air suspension control module has detected a fault in the front left ride height sensor circuit. Without this signal the module cannot regulate suspension height and self-levelling is disabled.",
        "de": "Das Luftfederungs-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Niveausensors vorne links erkannt. Ohne dieses Signal kann das Modul die Federungsniveaus nicht regeln und die Niveauregulierung wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ride_height_sensor",
        "air_suspension_module",
        "sensor_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ride_height_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ride height sensor failed",
            "de": "Niveausensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor linkage broken or detached",
            "de": "Sensorgestänge gebrochen oder gelöst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0312",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ride Height Sensor Rear Right",
        "de": "Niveausensor hinten rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The air suspension control module has detected a fault in the front left ride height sensor circuit. Without this signal the module cannot regulate suspension height and self-levelling is disabled.",
        "de": "Das Luftfederungs-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Niveausensors vorne links erkannt. Ohne dieses Signal kann das Modul die Federungsniveaus nicht regeln und die Niveauregulierung wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ride_height_sensor",
        "air_suspension_module",
        "sensor_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ride_height_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ride height sensor failed",
            "de": "Niveausensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor linkage broken or detached",
            "de": "Sensorgestänge gebrochen oder gelöst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0317",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Compressor Relay Circuit",
        "de": "Kompressor-Relais Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The air suspension control module has detected a circuit fault on the compressor relay output — typically open circuit, short to ground or short to power. Self-levelling is disabled and the vehicle may sit lower than normal.",
        "de": "Das Luftfederungs-Steuergerät hat einen Schaltungsfehler am Ausgang des Kompressor-Relais erkannt — meist Unterbrechung, Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Plus. Die Niveauregulierung wird deaktiviert und das Fahrzeug kann tiefer als normal stehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "compressor_relay",
        "air_compressor",
        "air_suspension_module",
        "relay_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "compressor_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compressor relay failed (stuck or open)",
            "de": "Kompressor-Relais defekt (klebt oder unterbrochen)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compressor_motor_shorted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compressor motor shorted, dragging supply down",
            "de": "Kompressormotor mit Kurzschluss, zieht Versorgung herunter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Relaisverkabelung oder Stecker defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0327",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Encoder Motor",
        "de": "Encoder-Motor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transfer case control module has detected a fault in the encoder motor used to shift between 2WD and 4WD ranges. A fault prevents range changes and may leave the transfer case in an undefined position.",
        "de": "Das Verteilergetriebe-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler am Encoder-Motor erkannt, der zwischen 2WD- und 4WD-Stufen schaltet. Ein Fehler verhindert das Umschalten und kann das Verteilergetriebe in einer undefinierten Stellung belassen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "encoder_motor",
        "transfer_case_module",
        "encoder_position_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "encoder_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Encoder motor failed (worn brushes or seized)",
            "de": "Encoder-Motor defekt (Bürstenverschleiß oder festgefressen)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "encoder_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "transfer_case_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal control module fault",
            "de": "Interner Steuergerät-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0374",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD Drive Coupling",
        "de": "4WD Antriebskupplung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 4WD or AWD control module has detected a fault on the electronic drive coupling that distributes torque between axles. Reduced torque transfer or a complete loss of all-wheel drive function may result.",
        "de": "Das 4WD- oder AWD-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler an der elektronischen Antriebskupplung erkannt, die das Drehmoment zwischen den Achsen verteilt. Eine reduzierte Drehmomentübertragung oder ein vollständiger Verlust der Allradfunktion können die Folge sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_coupling",
        "awd_control_module",
        "coupling_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "awd_coupling_actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coupling actuator failed",
            "de": "Kupplungsaktuator defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "awd_oil_temperature_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coupling oil overheated",
            "de": "Kupplungsöl überhitzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "awd_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0376",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Axle Disconnect",
        "de": "Vorderachs-Abkopplung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 4WD control module has detected a fault on the front axle disconnect actuator. On part-time AWD vehicles this actuator decouples the front axle for fuel saving, and a fault prevents engagement or disengagement of front-wheel drive.",
        "de": "Das 4WD-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler am Aktuator der Vorderachs-Abkopplung erkannt. Bei zugeschalteten AWD-Fahrzeugen koppelt dieser Aktuator zur Kraftstoffersparnis die Vorderachse ab; ein Fehler verhindert das Zu- oder Abschalten des Vorderradantriebs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_axle_disconnect_actuator",
        "awd_control_module",
        "axle_position_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "disconnect_actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disconnect actuator failed (motor or solenoid)",
            "de": "Abkopplungs-Aktuator defekt (Motor oder Magnetventil)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "position_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Axle position switch failed",
            "de": "Achsstellungsschalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0387",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transfer Case Position Sensor",
        "de": "Verteilergetriebe-Positionssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transfer case control module has detected an implausible signal from the position sensor that reports the current shift position (2HI, 4HI, 4LO, neutral). Without a valid position the system cannot complete a range change.",
        "de": "Das Verteilergetriebe-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Positionssensor erkannt, der die aktuelle Schaltstellung (2HI, 4HI, 4LO, Neutral) meldet. Ohne gültige Position kann das System einen Stufenwechsel nicht abschließen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case_position_sensor",
        "transfer_case_module",
        "encoder_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "position_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transfer case position sensor failed",
            "de": "Verteilergetriebe-Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "position_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "encoder_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Encoder motor stuck between positions",
            "de": "Encoder-Motor zwischen Stellungen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0388",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transfer Case High Range Switch Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Verteilergetriebe-Schalter Hochbereich Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transfer case control module has detected an implausible state from the high range (4H) position switch. Range selection in 4WD mode may be limited.",
        "de": "Das Verteilergetriebe-Steuergerät hat einen unplausiblen Zustand des Hochbereich-Stellungsschalters (4H) erkannt. Die Bereichswahl im Allradbetrieb kann eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case_switch",
        "transfer_case_module",
        "shift_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "range_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High range position switch failed",
            "de": "Hochbereich-Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_misaligned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift actuator out of position",
            "de": "Stellmotor außerhalb der Sollstellung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0389",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transfer Case Low Range Switch Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Verteilergetriebe-Schalter Geländebereich Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transfer case control module has detected an implausible state from the low range (4L) position switch. Engagement of low range may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Das Verteilergetriebe-Steuergerät hat einen unplausiblen Zustand des Geländebereich-Stellungsschalters (4L) erkannt. Das Einlegen der Geländeuntersetzung kann blockiert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case_switch",
        "transfer_case_module",
        "shift_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "range_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low range position switch failed",
            "de": "Geländebereich-Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_misaligned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift actuator out of position",
            "de": "Stellmotor außerhalb der Sollstellung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0399",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD Mode Switch Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Allrad-Modusschalter Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transfer case or 4WD control module has detected an invalid signal from the driver-operated 4WD mode selector. Mode requests from the dashboard may be ignored.",
        "de": "Das Verteilergetriebe- bzw. Allrad-Steuergerät hat ein ungültiges Signal des fahrerseitigen Allrad-Wahlschalters erkannt. Modusanforderungen vom Armaturenbrett werden ggf. ignoriert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mode_selector_switch",
        "transfer_case_module",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mode_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mode selector switch failed",
            "de": "Modus-Wahlschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_or_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0400",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Traction Control Solenoid Valve Circuit",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Magnetventil Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated traction control isolation valve in the hydraulic block reports an electrical fault.",
        "de": "Das spezielle Traktionskontroll-Isolationsventil im Hydraulikblock meldet einen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_isolation_valve",
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0401",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Traction Control Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Traktionskontroll-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCS on/off switch reports an implausible state.",
        "de": "Der TCS-Ein/Aus-Schalter meldet einen unplausiblen Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_switch",
        "dashboard_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0402",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Traction Control Lamp Circuit",
        "de": "Traktionskontroll-Lampe Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCS indicator lamp control circuit is shorted or open.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der TCS-Kontrollleuchte ist kurzgeschlossen oder unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcs_indicator_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator bulb/LED failed",
            "de": "Kontrollleuchte defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0405",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Traction Control Active Too Long",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle zu lange aktiv"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCS regulation has been continuously active longer than allowed, suggesting persistent low-friction conditions or a sensor fault.",
        "de": "Die TCS-Regelung war ueber laengere Zeit ununterbrochen aktiv; dies deutet auf andauernde Glaette oder einen Sensorfehler hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "wheel_speed_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "long_low_friction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent low-friction surface",
            "de": "Andauernd rutschiger Untergrund"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor drift",
            "de": "Drift am Raddrehzahlsensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0410",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Adaptive Cruise Control Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "ACC-Sensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive cruise control module has detected a fault in its forward-looking radar or lidar sensor circuit. ACC and forward collision warning are unavailable while the fault is active.",
        "de": "Das ACC-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im nach vorn gerichteten Radar- oder Lidar-Sensor-Stromkreis erkannt. ACC und Auffahrwarnung sind bei aktivem Fehler nicht verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "acc_radar_sensor",
        "acc_module",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "radar_sensor_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radar sensor blocked by snow, ice or dirt",
            "de": "Radarsensor durch Schnee, Eis oder Schmutz verdeckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "radar_sensor_misaligned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor misaligned after front-end impact",
            "de": "Sensor nach Frontaufprall dejustiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "radar_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radar/lidar sensor failed",
            "de": "Radar- bzw. Lidar-Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0420",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Adaptive Cruise Control Module Internal Performance",
        "de": "ACC-Steuergerät Interne Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive cruise control module has reported an internal performance fault — for example self-test failure, supply voltage out of range or invalid configuration. ACC is disabled.",
        "de": "Das ACC-Steuergerät hat einen internen Leistungsfehler gemeldet — etwa fehlgeschlagener Selbsttest, Versorgungsspannung außerhalb des Bereichs oder ungültige Konfiguration. ACC ist deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "acc_module",
        "vehicle_power_supply",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ACC module internal fault",
            "de": "ACC-Steuergerät interner Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_out_of_range",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage out of range",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung außerhalb des Bereichs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "configuration_invalid",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module configuration invalid after part exchange",
            "de": "Steuergerät-Codierung nach Tausch ungültig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0440",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Wheel Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The steering angle sensor reports an electrical fault. ESC and lane keeping assistance functions are typically disabled.",
        "de": "Der Lenkwinkelsensor meldet einen elektrischen Fehler. ESC und Spurhalteassistent werden in der Regel deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "clock_spring",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle sensor failed",
            "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clock_spring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clock spring damaged",
            "de": "Wickelfeder beschaedigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering_angle_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0445",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Wheel Position Sensor Calibration",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor Kalibrierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The steering angle sensor has not been calibrated after a service operation, or the calibration value is implausible.",
        "de": "Der Lenkwinkelsensor wurde nach einer Wartung nicht kalibriert oder der Kalibrierwert ist unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed after alignment/repair",
            "de": "Kalibrierung nach Achsvermessung/Reparatur nicht durchgefuehrt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering_angle_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0450",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Wheel Steering Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Hinterradlenkungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On vehicles with active rear wheel steering, the rear position sensor reports an electrical fault. The system disables rear steering.",
        "de": "Bei Fahrzeugen mit aktiver Hinterradlenkung meldet der hintere Positionssensor einen elektrischen Fehler. Das System deaktiviert die Hinterradlenkung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_steering_position_sensor",
        "rear_steering_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_wiring_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator harness chafe",
            "de": "Aktor-Leitungsbaum durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0455",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Wheel Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis or stability control module has detected a fault in the steering wheel position sensor circuit. ESP and lane assist systems require an accurate steering angle and may be deactivated.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerks- oder ESP-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im Stromkreis des Lenkwinkelsensors erkannt. ESP- und Spurhaltesysteme benötigen einen genauen Lenkwinkel und können deaktiviert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "esp_control_module",
        "clock_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle sensor failed",
            "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_calibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not calibrated after alignment",
            "de": "Sensor nach Achsvermessung nicht kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "steering_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0460",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Position Signal Implausible",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsignal unplausibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Steering angle signal is implausible compared with yaw rate, lateral acceleration and wheel speeds.",
        "de": "Das Lenkwinkelsignal ist im Vergleich zu Gierrate, Querbeschleunigung und Raddrehzahlen unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alignment_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel alignment off after impact",
            "de": "Achseinstellung nach Stoss verstellt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0496",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Yaw Rate Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Gierratensensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The yaw rate sensor reports an electrical fault. ESC is disabled while the fault is active.",
        "de": "Der Gierratensensor meldet einen elektrischen Fehler. Bei aktivem Fehler wird ESC deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Yaw rate sensor failed",
            "de": "Gierratensensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0497",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Yaw Rate Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Gierratensensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The yaw rate sensor signal is implausible relative to steering angle and lateral acceleration.",
        "de": "Das Gierratensensor-Signal ist im Vergleich zu Lenkwinkel und Querbeschleunigung unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "lateral_g_sensor",
        "steering_angle_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift with age",
            "de": "Sensor-Drift mit Alter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0498",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lateral Acceleration Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Querbeschleunigungssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The lateral acceleration sensor reports an electrical fault.",
        "de": "Der Querbeschleunigungssensor meldet einen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lateral_g_sensor",
        "abs_control_module",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0499",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lateral Acceleration Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Querbeschleunigungssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The lateral acceleration sensor signal is outside the plausibility range.",
        "de": "Das Querbeschleunigungssensor-Signal liegt ausserhalb des Plausibilitaetsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lateral_g_sensor",
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor-Drift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0500",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anti-lock Brake System Disabled",
        "de": "Antiblockiersystem deaktiviert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general status code indicating that ABS function has been disabled by the brake control module. It is set in addition to the underlying root-cause code that disabled ABS.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Statuscode — die ABS-Funktion wurde vom Bremssteuergerät deaktiviert. Er wird zusätzlich zum eigentlichen Ursachencode abgelegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "brake_system",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "secondary_fault_present",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Underlying ABS fault disables function",
            "de": "Zugrundeliegender ABS-Fehler deaktiviert die Funktion"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication bus fault to ABS module",
            "de": "Kommunikationsbusfehler zum ABS-Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0501",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ESC Active Performance",
        "de": "ESC-Eingriff Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ESC interventions occur but do not produce the expected vehicle response. May indicate hydraulic or mechanical limitation.",
        "de": "ESC-Eingriffe erfolgen, fuehren aber nicht zur erwarteten Fahrzeugreaktion. Hinweis auf hydraulische oder mechanische Einschraenkung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "abs_control_module",
        "brake_friction"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_pads_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake pads heavily worn",
            "de": "Bremsbelaege stark verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_block_internal_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic block internal wear",
            "de": "Innenverschleiss im Hydraulikblock"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0502",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Links vorne Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left-front wheel speed sensor A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Raddrehzahlsensor A links vorne unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lf",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0503",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Links vorne Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left-front wheel speed sensor A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Raddrehzahlsensor A links vorne über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lf",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open or short to power",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen oder Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0504",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Links vorne Raddrehzahlsensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent or erratic signal from left-front wheel speed sensor A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches oder unruhiges Signal vom Raddrehzahlsensor A links vorne."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lf",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or chafed wiring",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder Verkabelung gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0505",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ESC Switch Circuit",
        "de": "ESC-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ESC on/off switch reports an implausible state.",
        "de": "Der ESC-Ein/Aus-Schalter meldet einen unplausiblen Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "esc_switch",
        "dashboard_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0506",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Rechts vorne Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on right-front wheel speed sensor A.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Raddrehzahlsensor A rechts vorne."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rf",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken or connector unplugged",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder Stecker ab"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0507",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Rechts vorne Raddrehzahlsensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right-front wheel speed sensor A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Raddrehzahlsensors A rechts vorne unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rf"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0508",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Rechts vorne Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right-front WSS A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung WSS A rechts vorne unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rf",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0509",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Rechts vorne Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right-front WSS A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung WSS A rechts vorne über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rf",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open or short to power",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen oder Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C050A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Rechts vorne Raddrehzahlsensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from right-front WSS A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom WSS A rechts vorne."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rf",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or chafed wiring",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder Verkabelung gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C050B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor A Correlation",
        "de": "Rechts vorne Raddrehzahlsensor A Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right-front WSS A reading does not correlate with the other wheel speed sensors during straight-line driving.",
        "de": "Rechts-vorne-WSS A korreliert bei Geradeausfahrt nicht mit den anderen Raddrehzahlsensoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rf"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or tone ring drifted",
            "de": "Sensor oder Polrad verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C050C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Links hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on left-rear WSS A.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am WSS A links hinten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken or connector unplugged",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder Stecker ab"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C050D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Links hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left-rear WSS A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des WSS A links hinten unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lr"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C050E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Links hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left-rear WSS A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung WSS A links hinten unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C050F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Links hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left-rear WSS A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung WSS A links hinten über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open or short to power",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen oder Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0510",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hill Hold Function Disabled",
        "de": "Berganfahrhilfe deaktiviert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake or stability control module has disabled the hill hold (auto-hold) function due to a related fault. Hill start assist is unavailable until the underlying fault is repaired.",
        "de": "Das Brems- bzw. ESP-Steuergerät hat die Berganfahrhilfe (Auto-Hold) wegen eines damit verbundenen Fehlers deaktiviert. Die Funktion ist erst nach Behebung des Ursachenfehlers wieder verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_control_module",
        "esp_control_module",
        "epb_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "secondary_fault_present",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Related fault disables hill hold",
            "de": "Zugehöriger Fehler deaktiviert Berganfahrhilfe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication bus fault to brake systems",
            "de": "Kommunikationsbusfehler zu Bremssystemen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0511",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Correlation",
        "de": "Links hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left-rear WSS A correlation fault with other wheel speed sensors.",
        "de": "Links-hinten-WSS A korreliert nicht mit den anderen Raddrehzahlsensoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lr"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or tone ring drifted",
            "de": "Sensor oder Polrad verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0512",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Rechts hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on right-rear WSS A.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am WSS A rechts hinten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken or connector unplugged",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder Stecker ab"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0513",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Rechts hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right-rear WSS A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des WSS A rechts hinten unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rr"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0514",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Rechts hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right-rear WSS A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung WSS A rechts hinten unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0515",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Rechts hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right-rear WSS A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung WSS A rechts hinten über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open or short to power",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen oder Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0516",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Rechts hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from right-rear WSS A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom WSS A rechts hinten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or chafed wiring",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder Verkabelung gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0517",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Correlation",
        "de": "Rechts hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right-rear WSS A correlation fault.",
        "de": "Rechts-hinten-WSS A Korrelationsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rr"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or tone ring drifted",
            "de": "Sensor oder Polrad verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0518",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor - Mechanical",
        "de": "Links vorne Raddrehzahlsensor - mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mechanical fault at left-front wheel speed sensor — typically damaged tone ring, excessive air gap or loose sensor mount.",
        "de": "Mechanischer Fehler am Raddrehzahlsensor links vorne — meist beschädigtes Polrad, zu großer Luftspalt oder loses Sensorgehäuse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lf",
        "tone_ring_lf"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0519",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor - Mechanical",
        "de": "Rechts vorne Raddrehzahlsensor - mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mechanical fault at left-front wheel speed sensor — typically damaged tone ring, excessive air gap or loose sensor mount.",
        "de": "Mechanischer Fehler am Raddrehzahlsensor links vorne — meist beschädigtes Polrad, zu großer Luftspalt oder loses Sensorgehäuse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rf",
        "tone_ring_rf"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C051A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor - Mechanical",
        "de": "Links hinten Raddrehzahlsensor - mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mechanical fault at left-front wheel speed sensor — typically damaged tone ring, excessive air gap or loose sensor mount.",
        "de": "Mechanischer Fehler am Raddrehzahlsensor links vorne — meist beschädigtes Polrad, zu großer Luftspalt oder loses Sensorgehäuse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lr",
        "tone_ring_lr"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C051B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor - Mechanical",
        "de": "Rechts hinten Raddrehzahlsensor - mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mechanical fault at left-front wheel speed sensor — typically damaged tone ring, excessive air gap or loose sensor mount.",
        "de": "Mechanischer Fehler am Raddrehzahlsensor links vorne — meist beschädigtes Polrad, zu großer Luftspalt oder loses Sensorgehäuse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rr",
        "tone_ring_rr"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged",
            "de": "Polrad beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C051C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Multi-axis acceleration sensor module A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Moduls A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C051D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module A Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul A Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Multi-axis acceleration module A is not calibrated — required after replacement or chassis adjustment.",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungsmodul A ist nicht kalibriert — nach Tausch oder Fahrwerksvermessung erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed after install",
            "de": "Kalibrierung nach Einbau fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C051E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from multi-axis accel module A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Mehrachs-Beschleunigungsmodul A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C051F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module A Correlation",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul A Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Acceleration data from module A does not correlate with wheel speed and steering inputs.",
        "de": "Beschleunigungsdaten von Modul A korrelieren nicht mit Raddrehzahl- und Lenkungs-Eingaben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0520",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Force Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Bremspedalkraft-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On systems with brake force sensing the dedicated sensor reports an implausible signal.",
        "de": "Bei Systemen mit Bremskrafterfassung meldet der entsprechende Sensor ein unplausibles Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_force_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0521",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Multi-axis acceleration sensor module B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Moduls A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0522",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module B Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul B Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Multi-axis acceleration module B is not calibrated — required after replacement or chassis adjustment.",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungsmodul B ist nicht kalibriert — nach Tausch oder Fahrwerksvermessung erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed after install",
            "de": "Kalibrierung nach Einbau fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0523",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from multi-axis accel module B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Mehrachs-Beschleunigungsmodul B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0524",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module B Correlation",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Acceleration data from module B does not correlate with wheel speed and steering inputs.",
        "de": "Beschleunigungsdaten von Modul B korrelieren nicht mit Raddrehzahl- und Lenkungs-Eingaben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0525",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module B",
        "de": "Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on multi-axis acceleration sensor module B.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0526",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Angle Sensor Module",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the steering angle sensor module.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0527",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Angle Sensor Module Mechanical",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mechanical fault on the steering angle sensor — encoder disc damaged or sensor housing loose on the column.",
        "de": "Mechanischer Fehler am Lenkwinkelsensor — Encoderscheibe beschädigt oder Sensorgehäuse lose auf der Lenksäule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "encoder_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Encoder disc damaged",
            "de": "Encoderscheibe beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0528",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Angle Sensor Module Range/Performance",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Steering angle sensor reading implausible compared to expected angle.",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor-Wert unstimmig im Vergleich zum erwarteten Winkel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0529",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Angle Sensor Module Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Steering angle sensor not calibrated — required after wheel alignment, suspension service or sensor replacement.",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor nicht kalibriert — nach Achsvermessung, Fahrwerksarbeit oder Sensortausch erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed after service",
            "de": "Kalibrierung nach Service fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C052A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Angle Sensor Module Correlation",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Steering angle does not correlate with vehicle yaw and lateral acceleration during driving.",
        "de": "Lenkwinkel korreliert während der Fahrt nicht mit Gierrate und Querbeschleunigung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C052B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Control Range/Performance",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor-Steuerung Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor does not respond to control signals as expected — motor may be sluggish, locked or drawing abnormal current.",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß auf Steuersignale — Motor träge, festgefressen oder unüblicher Stromaufnahme."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor failed",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C052C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor-Steuerung Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on ABS pump motor control line.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der ABS-Pumpenmotor-Steuerleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "motor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or relay open",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder Relais offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C052D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Control Circuit High",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor-Steuerung Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung ABS-Pumpenmotor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "motor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C052E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor-Steuerung Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung ABS-Pumpenmotor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "motor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C052F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Versorgungsspannung Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on ABS pump motor supply voltage line — likely blown fuse or broken supply wire.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgungsspannung des ABS-Pumpenmotors — meist Sicherung defekt oder Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0530",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Control A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor control A (chassis actuator motor) does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung A (Chassis-Aktuator-Motor) reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_motor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor failed",
            "de": "Motor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0531",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Control A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on chassis motor A control line.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Steuerleitung von Chassis-Motor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_motor_a",
        "motor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0532",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Control A Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Chassis motor A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Chassis-Motor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_motor_a",
        "motor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0533",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Control A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Chassis motor A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Chassis-Motor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_motor_a",
        "motor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0534",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Control A Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung A Versorgungsspannung Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on motor A supply voltage line.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgung von Motor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_motor_a",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0535",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Control B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor control A (chassis actuator motor) does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung A (Chassis-Aktuator-Motor) reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_motor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor failed",
            "de": "Motor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0536",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Control B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung B Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on chassis motor A control line.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Steuerleitung von Chassis-Motor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_motor_b",
        "motor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0537",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Control B Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Chassis motor A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Chassis-Motor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_motor_b",
        "motor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0538",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Control B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Chassis motor A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Chassis-Motor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_motor_b",
        "motor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0539",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Control B Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung B Versorgungsspannung Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on motor A supply voltage line.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgung von Motor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_motor_b",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C053A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Valves Missing Calibration",
        "de": "ABS-Ventile Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS valves not calibrated — required after HCU replacement.",
        "de": "ABS-Ventile nicht kalibriert — nach HCU-Tausch erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_valves"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C053B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Valves Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "ABS-Ventile Versorgungsspannung Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on ABS valves supply voltage.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgung der ABS-Ventile."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_valves",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C053C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wheel Speed Sensor Generic Range/Performance",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor allgemein Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic wheel speed sensor reading implausible — does not specify which wheel.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Raddrehzahlsensor-Wert unstimmig — ohne Angabe welches Rad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C053D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C053E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C053F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open or short to power",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen oder Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0540",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hill Hold Control Performance",
        "de": "Berganfahrhilfe Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hill hold control function does not behave as expected during a hill start, often because brake pressure is not held long enough.",
        "de": "Die Berganfahrhilfe verhaelt sich beim Anfahren am Berg nicht wie erwartet; haeufig wird der Bremsdruck nicht lange genug gehalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_block",
        "abs_control_module",
        "brake_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_block_internal_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic block internal leak",
            "de": "Interner Leck im Hydraulikblock"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor drift",
            "de": "Drucksensor-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill-holder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0541",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0542",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0543",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open or short to power",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen oder Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0544",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor B Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pressure sensor B.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Bremsdrucksensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0545",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "VIN Not Programmed or Incompatible - BSCM",
        "de": "VIN nicht programmiert oder inkompatibel - BSCM"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VIN not programmed or incompatible in Brake System Control Module (BSCM).",
        "de": "VIN im Bremssystem-Steuermodul (BSCM) nicht programmiert oder inkompatibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bscm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vin_not_programmed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VIN not programmed after BSCM replacement",
            "de": "VIN nach BSCM-Tausch nicht programmiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_identification_number"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0546",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "VIN Not Programmed or Incompatible",
        "de": "VIN nicht programmiert oder inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VIN not programmed or incompatible in a chassis control module.",
        "de": "VIN in einem Chassis-Steuermodul nicht programmiert oder inkompatibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vin_not_programmed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VIN not programmed",
            "de": "VIN nicht programmiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_identification_number"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0547",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Unterdrucksensor Versorgungsspannung Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the vacuum sensor supply voltage line. Vacuum sensors are used in vacuum-assisted brake boosters to monitor manifold or booster vacuum.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgungsspannung des Unterdrucksensors. Unterdrucksensoren überwachen den Saugrohr- oder Booster-Unterdruck bei vakuumunterstützten Bremskraftverstärkern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor",
        "sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring open",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0548",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Sensor Supply Voltage Low",
        "de": "Unterdrucksensor Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Vacuum sensor supply voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung des Unterdrucksensors unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor",
        "sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0549",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Sensor A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Unterdrucksensor A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on vacuum sensor A signal line.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Signalleitung von Unterdrucksensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C054A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Unterdrucksensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Vacuum sensor A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Unterdrucksensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C054B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Unterdrucksensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Vacuum sensor A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Unterdrucksensor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C054C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Unterdrucksensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Vacuum sensor A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Unterdrucksensor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C054D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Sensor B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Unterdrucksensor B Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on vacuum sensor B signal line.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Signalleitung von Unterdrucksensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C054E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Unterdrucksensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Vacuum sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Unterdrucksensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C054F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Unterdrucksensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Vacuum sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Unterdrucksensor B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0550",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Encoder Position Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Encoder-Positionsschalter Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transfer case control module has detected a circuit fault on the encoder position switch — the contact pack reporting which range the encoder motor has reached. A fault disables 4WD shifting until the switch or wiring is repaired.",
        "de": "Das Verteilergetriebe-Steuergerät hat einen Schaltungsfehler am Encoder-Positionsschalter erkannt — dem Kontaktblock, der die erreichte Stellung des Encoder-Motors meldet. Ein Fehler deaktiviert das 4WD-Umschalten bis zur Reparatur von Schalter oder Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "encoder_position_switch",
        "encoder_motor",
        "transfer_case_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "position_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Encoder position switch contacts worn",
            "de": "Kontakte des Encoder-Positionsschalters verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "position_switch_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "transfer_case_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal control module fault",
            "de": "Interner Steuergerät-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0551",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Longitudinal Acceleration Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Längsbeschleunigungssensor Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the longitudinal acceleration sensor (used by ESP/ESC for braking-direction stability).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Längsbeschleunigungssensor (von ESP/ESC für Stabilität in Längsrichtung genutzt)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "longitudinal_accel_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0552",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Longitudinal Acceleration Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Längsbeschleunigungssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Longitudinal acceleration sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Längsbeschleunigungssensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "longitudinal_accel_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0553",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Longitudinal Acceleration Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Längsbeschleunigungssensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Longitudinal accel sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Längsbeschleunigungssensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "longitudinal_accel_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0554",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Longitudinal Acceleration Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Längsbeschleunigungssensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Longitudinal accel sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Längsbeschleunigungssensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "longitudinal_accel_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0555",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lateral Accelerometer Voltage Out of Range",
        "de": "Querbeschleunigungs-Sensor Spannung ausserhalb Bereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply or signal voltage of the lateral accelerometer is out of the expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungs- oder Signalspannung des Querbeschleunigungssensors liegt ausserhalb des erwarteten Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lateral_g_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_supply_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor supply open",
            "de": "Sensorversorgung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal failure",
            "de": "Sensor intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0556",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Pressure Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstaerker-Drucksensor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake booster vacuum or pressure sensor signal does not respond plausibly to engine vacuum or electric booster activity.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Vakuum- bzw. Drucksensors am Bremskraftverstaerker reagiert nicht plausibel auf Motorvakuum bzw. elektrische Booster-Aktivitaet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_vacuum_sensor",
        "vacuum_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak in booster line",
            "de": "Vakuum-Leck in Boosterleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum pump weak",
            "de": "Vakuumpumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_servo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0557",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Incorrect Component Installed",
        "de": "Links hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A falsche Komponente verbaut"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left-rear wheel speed sensor A reports an incorrect component installed (wrong sensor type or wrong tone ring count).",
        "de": "Links-hinten-Raddrehzahlsensor A meldet eine falsche Komponente (falscher Sensortyp oder falsche Polrad-Zähnezahl)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_lr"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong sensor or tone ring fitted",
            "de": "Falscher Sensor oder falsches Polrad montiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0558",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor A Incorrect Component Installed",
        "de": "Rechts hinten Raddrehzahlsensor A falsche Komponente verbaut"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left-rear wheel speed sensor A reports an incorrect component installed (wrong sensor type or wrong tone ring count).",
        "de": "Links-hinten-Raddrehzahlsensor A meldet eine falsche Komponente (falscher Sensortyp oder falsche Polrad-Zähnezahl)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_rr"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong sensor or tone ring fitted",
            "de": "Falscher Sensor oder falsches Polrad montiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0559",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Control Module Range/Performance – Rear",
        "de": "Servolenkungs-Steuermodul Bereich/Leistung – hinten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rear power steering control module reading implausible (rear-wheel-steering or rear-axle steering systems).",
        "de": "Hinteres Servolenkungs-Steuermodul liefert unstimmigen Wert (Hinterradlenkung oder Hinterachsenlenkung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_eps_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module reading drifted",
            "de": "Modulwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C055A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Supply Voltage Circuit A High",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Versorgungsspannung A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor supply voltage A above expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung A des ABS-Pumpenmotors über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor_supply_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Bordnetz-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C055B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Supply Voltage Circuit A Low",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Versorgungsspannung A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor supply voltage A below expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung A des ABS-Pumpenmotors unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor_supply_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery or supply resistance",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie oder Versorgungswiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C055C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Supply Voltage Circuit A Range/Performance",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Versorgungsspannung A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor supply voltage A drifts or fluctuates outside spec.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung A des ABS-Pumpenmotors driftet oder schwankt außerhalb der Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor_supply_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector with high resistance",
            "de": "Stecker mit hohem Übergangswiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C055D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Hydraulic Circuit B Leak",
        "de": "Bremshydraulikkreis B Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure loss in brake hydraulic circuit B detected — fluid leak somewhere in this circuit (caliper, hose, line, master cylinder).",
        "de": "Druckverlust im Bremshydraulikkreis B erkannt — Flüssigkeitsleck irgendwo in diesem Kreis (Sattel, Schlauch, Leitung, Hauptzylinder)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_circuit_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake fluid leak in circuit B",
            "de": "Bremsflüssigkeitsleck in Kreis B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C055E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Hydraulic Circuit A Leak",
        "de": "Bremshydraulikkreis A Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure loss in brake hydraulic circuit B detected — fluid leak somewhere in this circuit (caliper, hose, line, master cylinder).",
        "de": "Druckverlust im Bremshydraulikkreis B erkannt — Flüssigkeitsleck irgendwo in diesem Kreis (Sattel, Schlauch, Leitung, Hauptzylinder)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_circuit_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake fluid leak in circuit A",
            "de": "Bremsflüssigkeitsleck in Kreis A"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C055F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "BSCM/EBBC Hydraulic Unit Performance",
        "de": "BSCM/EBBC Hydraulikeinheit Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake System Control Module / Electronic Brake Boost Controller hydraulic unit performance fault — internal hydraulic actuator does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Hydraulikeinheit des Bremssystem-Steuermoduls / Elektronischen Brems-Boost-Controllers reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bscm_hydraulic_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_unit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic unit internal fault",
            "de": "Hydraulikeinheit intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0560",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Calibration Required",
        "de": "Kalibrierung erforderlich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis control module reports that a sensor or system calibration must be performed — for example after replacement of the steering angle, yaw rate or radar sensor. Affected functions remain disabled until calibration is completed.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerk-Steuergerät meldet, dass eine Sensor- oder Systemkalibrierung durchgeführt werden muss — etwa nach Tausch des Lenkwinkel-, Gierraten- oder Radarsensors. Betroffene Funktionen bleiben bis zum Abschluss deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "acc_radar_sensor",
        "chassis_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "calibration_not_performed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Required calibration not performed after service",
            "de": "Erforderliche Kalibrierung nach Service nicht durchgeführt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "calibration_drive_incomplete",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration drive cycle incomplete",
            "de": "Kalibrier-Fahrzyklus nicht abgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0561",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Disabled Warning Indicator Request",
        "de": "Anforderung ABS-Deaktiviert-Warnleuchte"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "This code indicates that the ABS module has requested the ABS warning lamp to be illuminated because ABS function is disabled. It is typically logged together with the underlying root-cause code that disabled ABS.",
        "de": "Dieser Code bedeutet, dass das ABS-Steuergerät die Aktivierung der ABS-Warnleuchte angefordert hat, weil die ABS-Funktion deaktiviert ist. Er wird üblicherweise zusammen mit dem zugrundeliegenden Ursachencode abgelegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "instrument_cluster",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "secondary_fault_present",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary code disabling ABS is present",
            "de": "Folgefehler eines anderen ABS-deaktivierenden Codes"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication fault between ABS and cluster",
            "de": "Kommunikationsfehler zwischen ABS und Kombiinstrument"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0562",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Positionssensor Versorgungsspannung Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pedal position sensor supply voltage.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgungsspannung des Bremspedal-Positionssensors."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_sensor",
        "sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring open",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0563",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Calibration Mismatch",
        "de": "Kalibrierungs-Diskrepanz"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis control module has detected that stored calibration values do not match the current vehicle configuration — for example after a wheel/tire size change or replacement of an inertial sensor cluster. Stability functions are degraded.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerk-Steuergerät hat festgestellt, dass die hinterlegten Kalibrierwerte nicht zur aktuellen Fahrzeugkonfiguration passen — etwa nach Rad-/Reifengrößenänderung oder Tausch des Sensorclusters. Stabilitätsfunktionen sind eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_control_module",
        "sensor_cluster",
        "steering_angle_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "configuration_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel size or sensor cluster mismatch",
            "de": "Radgröße oder Sensorcluster passt nicht zur Codierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "calibration_data_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stored calibration data corrupted",
            "de": "Hinterlegte Kalibrierdaten beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0564",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Control Module System Voltage Low",
        "de": "ABS-Steuermodul Systemspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS control module system voltage below the safe operating range.",
        "de": "Systemspannung am ABS-Steuermodul unter dem sicheren Betriebsbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_module",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery or supply",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie oder Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0565",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Control Module System Voltage High",
        "de": "ABS-Steuermodul Systemspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS control module system voltage above the safe operating range.",
        "de": "Systemspannung am ABS-Steuermodul über dem sicheren Betriebsbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_module",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenregler defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0566",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Solenoid Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Magnetventil Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake booster solenoid.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Magnetventil des Bremskraftverstärkers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or coil open",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder Spule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0567",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Solenoid Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Magnetventil Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster solenoid control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Magnetventil unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0568",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Solenoid Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Magnetventil Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster solenoid control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Magnetventil über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0569",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Solenoid Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Magnetventil Schaltkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster solenoid does not respond mechanically as expected.",
        "de": "Magnetventil reagiert mechanisch nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C056A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Pressure Sensor Power Supply Circuit",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Drucksensor Versorgungsspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on brake booster pressure sensor power supply circuit.",
        "de": "Fehler an der Versorgungsspannung des Bremskraftverstärker-Drucksensors."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C056B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from brake pressure sensor A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Bremsdrucksensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or chafed wiring",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder Verkabelung gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C056C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from brake pressure sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Bremsdrucksensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or chafed wiring",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder Verkabelung gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C056D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Positionssensor Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pedal position sensor supply voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung Bremspedalsensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_sensor",
        "sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C056E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Positionssensor Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pedal position sensor supply voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung Bremspedalsensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_sensor",
        "sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C056F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Travel Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Wegsensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster travel sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Wegsensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_travel_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0570",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Travel Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Wegsensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster travel sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Wegsensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_travel_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0571",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Brake Assist Performance",
        "de": "Aktiver Bremsassistent Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake assist or driver assistance module has detected that brake assist performance is degraded. The system may fail to autonomously build pressure during emergency braking and emergency brake assist functions are limited.",
        "de": "Das Bremsassistent- oder Fahrerassistenz-Steuergerät hat eine eingeschränkte Bremsassistent-Funktion erkannt. Das System kann bei Notbremsungen den Druck nicht eigenständig aufbauen und Notbremsassistent-Funktionen sind eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_brake_booster",
        "brake_assist_module",
        "brake_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "active_booster_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Active booster slow or weak",
            "de": "Aktiver Verstärker langsam oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_fault_present",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary fault on related sensor",
            "de": "Folgefehler an einem zugehörigen Sensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_assist_calibration",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "System calibration required after repair",
            "de": "Systemkalibrierung nach Reparatur erforderlich"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0572",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor C Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor C signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor C über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0573",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric Park Brake Switch Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "EPB-Schalter Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric park brake (EPB) module has detected an implausible signal from the operator switch. The EPB cannot be reliably applied or released by the driver until the fault is corrected.",
        "de": "Das EPB-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal des Bedienschalters erkannt. Bis zur Behebung kann der Fahrer die elektrische Feststellbremse nicht zuverlässig betätigen oder lösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_switch",
        "epb_module",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epb_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPB switch failed",
            "de": "EPB-Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_or_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0574",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor C reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors C unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0575",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Actuator Position Signal Malfunction",
        "de": "Feststellbremsen-Stellantrieb Positionssignal Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EPB module has detected an out-of-range position signal from a caliper actuator. The module cannot determine whether the brake is fully applied or released.",
        "de": "Das EPB-Steuergerät hat ein Positionssignal eines Sattelmotors außerhalb des gültigen Bereichs erkannt. Es kann nicht sicher bestimmt werden, ob die Bremse vollständig angelegt oder gelöst ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_actuator",
        "epb_module",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_position_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor des Stellantriebs defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mechanical_jam",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically jammed (corrosion)",
            "de": "Stellmotor mechanisch blockiert (Korrosion)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0576",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor D Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor D Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor D signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor D über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_d",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0577",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Force Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Feststellbremsen-Kraftsensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EPB module has detected an electrical fault in the clamp-force sensor circuit. Without this signal, regulated clamping force cannot be ensured and a fallback strategy is used.",
        "de": "Das EPB-Steuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler im Stromkreis des Spannkraftsensors erkannt. Ohne dieses Signal kann die Spannkraft nicht geregelt werden und es greift eine Notstrategie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_force_sensor",
        "epb_module",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "force_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clamp-force sensor failed",
            "de": "Spannkraftsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_or_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0578",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Switch Stuck Open",
        "de": "Feststellbremsenschalter offen blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EPB module has detected that the park brake operator switch remains in the open (released) state when an apply request is expected. Operation of the EPB by the driver is restricted.",
        "de": "Das EPB-Steuergerät hat festgestellt, dass der Bedienschalter dauerhaft im offenen (gelösten) Zustand verbleibt, obwohl eine Anlegeanforderung erwartet wird. Die Bedienung der EPB durch den Fahrer ist eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_switch",
        "epb_module",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPB switch contacts stuck open",
            "de": "EPB-Schaltkontakte dauerhaft offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break in switch circuit",
            "de": "Kabelbruch im Schalterstromkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0579",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster temperature sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Temperatursensor B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C057A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster temperature sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Temperatursensor B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C057B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor B unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake booster temperature sensor B.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Temperatursensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C057C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster temperature sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Temperatursensors B unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C057D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor Circuit B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from brake booster temp sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Temperatursensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C057E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster temperature sensors A and B disagree beyond plausible deviation.",
        "de": "Temperatursensoren A und B des Bremskraftverstärkers weichen über plausibles Maß ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C057F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Phase U-V-W Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Phase U-V-W unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on one of the three U/V/W phases of brake booster motor A (3-phase BLDC motor in electric brake boosters).",
        "de": "Unterbrechung an einer der drei Phasen U/V/W des Bremskraftverstärker-Motors A (3-Phasen-BLDC-Motor in elektrischen Boostern)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_a",
        "motor_phase_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire open or motor winding open",
            "de": "Phasen- oder Wicklungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0580",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Phase U-V-W Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Phase U-V-W niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor A phase U/V/W voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Phasenspannung U/V/W am Booster-Motor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_a",
        "motor_phase_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase shorted to ground",
            "de": "Phase mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0581",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Apply Performance",
        "de": "Feststellbremse Anlegeleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EPB module has detected that the apply operation took longer than expected or did not reach the target clamp force. Causes include corroded actuators, low battery voltage or worn brake pads.",
        "de": "Das EPB-Steuergerät hat festgestellt, dass das Anlegen länger als erwartet dauerte oder die Soll-Spannkraft nicht erreicht wurde. Ursachen sind u. a. korrodierte Stellantriebe, schwache Bordnetzspannung oder abgenutzte Beläge."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_actuator",
        "epb_module",
        "brake_pads",
        "vehicle_power_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_corroded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator corroded or sluggish",
            "de": "Stellmotor korrodiert oder schwergängig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_pads_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake pads worn beyond limit",
            "de": "Bremsbeläge über Verschleißgrenze"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low system voltage during apply",
            "de": "Niedrige Bordnetzspannung beim Anlegen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0582",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Phase U-V-W Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Phase U-V-W Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A phase voltage drifts or fluctuates outside spec.",
        "de": "Phasenspannung am Booster-Motor A driftet oder schwankt außerhalb der Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_winding_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding resistance drifted",
            "de": "Wicklungswiderstand verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0583",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Release Performance",
        "de": "Feststellbremse Löseleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EPB module has detected that the release operation took longer than expected or did not fully release. The vehicle should not be driven until the brake is fully released to avoid pad damage.",
        "de": "Das EPB-Steuergerät hat festgestellt, dass das Lösen länger als erwartet dauerte oder unvollständig erfolgte. Bis zum vollständigen Lösen sollte das Fahrzeug nicht bewegt werden, um Belagschäden zu vermeiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_actuator",
        "epb_module",
        "brake_pads",
        "vehicle_power_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_corroded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator corroded or sluggish",
            "de": "Stellmotor korrodiert oder schwergängig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pads_seized_to_disc",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake pads seized to disc after long standstill",
            "de": "Beläge nach langem Stillstand an Scheibe festgerostet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low system voltage during release",
            "de": "Niedrige Bordnetzspannung beim Lösen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0584",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Phase U-V-W Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Phase U-V-W niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor A phase U/V/W voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Phasenspannung U/V/W am Booster-Motor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_b",
        "motor_phase_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase shorted to ground",
            "de": "Phase mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0585",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Phase U-V-W Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Phase U-V-W hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor B phase voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Phasenspannung am Booster-Motor B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_b",
        "motor_phase_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase shorted to power",
            "de": "Phase mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0586",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Phase U-V-W Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Phase U-V-W Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A phase voltage drifts or fluctuates outside spec.",
        "de": "Phasenspannung am Booster-Motor A driftet oder schwankt außerhalb der Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_winding_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding resistance drifted",
            "de": "Wicklungswiderstand verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0587",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Position Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Positionssensor unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake booster motor A position sensor (resolver/encoder feedback for closed-loop motor control).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Positionssensor des Booster-Motors A (Resolver/Encoder-Rückmeldung für Regelung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_a_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0588",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Positionssensor niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Positionssensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_a_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0589",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Positionssensor hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Positionssensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_a_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C058A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Booster-Motor-A-Positionssensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_a_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C058B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Position Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Positionssensor unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake booster motor A position sensor (resolver/encoder feedback for closed-loop motor control).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Positionssensor des Booster-Motors A (Resolver/Encoder-Rückmeldung für Regelung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_b_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C058C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Positionssensor niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Positionssensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_b_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C058D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Positionssensor hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Positionssensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_b_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C058E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Booster-Motor-A-Positionssensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_b_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C058F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Regeneration Torque Performance",
        "de": "Rekuperations-Drehmoment Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Regenerative braking torque does not match commanded value — affects brake blending on EVs/hybrids.",
        "de": "Rekuperationsbremsmoment entspricht nicht dem Sollwert — beeinflusst das Brake Blending bei EVs/Hybriden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "regen_brake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blending_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake blending logic fault",
            "de": "Brake-Blending-Logik fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0590",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Phase U-V-W Current High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Phasenstrom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor A phase current above safe limit — overcurrent protection triggered.",
        "de": "Phasenstrom Booster-Motor A über Sicherheitsgrenze — Überstrom-Schutz ausgelöst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor overloaded or seized",
            "de": "Motor überlastet oder festgefressen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0591",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Phase U-V-W Current Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Phasenstrom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor A phase current below expected range — possibly motor not running, or load disconnected.",
        "de": "Phasenstrom Booster-Motor A unter Sollbereich — möglicherweise Motor läuft nicht oder Last unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor circuit open or load disconnected",
            "de": "Motorkreis unterbrochen oder Last getrennt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0592",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Phase U-V-W Current High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Phasenstrom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor A phase current above safe limit — overcurrent protection triggered.",
        "de": "Phasenstrom Booster-Motor A über Sicherheitsgrenze — Überstrom-Schutz ausgelöst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor overloaded or seized",
            "de": "Motor überlastet oder festgefressen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0593",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Phase U-V-W Current Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Phasenstrom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor A phase current below expected range — possibly motor not running, or load disconnected.",
        "de": "Phasenstrom Booster-Motor A unter Sollbereich — möglicherweise Motor läuft nicht oder Last unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor circuit open or load disconnected",
            "de": "Motorkreis unterbrochen oder Last getrennt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0594",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Travel Sensor",
        "de": "Bremspedalweg-Sensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake control module has detected an implausible signal from the brake pedal travel sensor. Pedal travel is used by brake assist, regenerative braking and adaptive cruise control to estimate driver intent.",
        "de": "Das Brems-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom Bremspedalweg-Sensor erkannt. Der Pedalweg wird von Bremsassistent, Rekuperation und adaptiver Geschwindigkeitsregelung zur Bestimmung der Fahrerabsicht genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_travel_sensor",
        "brake_control_module",
        "brake_pedal_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pedal_travel_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal travel sensor failed",
            "de": "Pedalwegsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_calibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not calibrated",
            "de": "Sensor nicht kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0595",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Internal Power Driver Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker interne Endstufe Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Internal power driver in brake booster controller does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Interne Endstufe im Booster-Controller reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_internal_driver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power driver internal fault",
            "de": "Endstufe intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0596",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Stromsensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor A current sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Stromsensors am Booster-Motor A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_a_current_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0597",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake System Control Module A Performance",
        "de": "Bremssystem-Steuermodul A Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake system control module A reports a performance fault — internal self-diagnostic flagged a problem.",
        "de": "Bremssystem-Steuermodul A meldet einen Leistungsfehler — interne Eigendiagnose hat ein Problem erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bscm_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0598",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake System Control Module B Performance",
        "de": "Bremssystem-Steuermodul B Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake system control module B reports a performance fault — internal self-diagnostic flagged a problem.",
        "de": "Bremssystem-Steuermodul B meldet einen Leistungsfehler — interne Eigendiagnose hat ein Problem erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bscm_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0599",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Control Module Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Steuermodul Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster control module not calibrated — typically required after replacement.",
        "de": "Booster-Steuermodul nicht kalibriert — meist nach Tausch erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C059A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Control Module - Rear Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Servolenkungs-Steuermodul - hinten Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rear power steering module not calibrated.",
        "de": "Hinteres Servolenkungs-Modul nicht kalibriert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_eps_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C059B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor B Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor B Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor B not calibrated.",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor B nicht kalibriert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C059C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor C Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor C Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor C not calibrated.",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor C nicht kalibriert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C059D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor D Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor D Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor D not calibrated.",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor D nicht kalibriert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C059E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor E Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor E Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor E not calibrated.",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor E nicht kalibriert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C059F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor E Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor E Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor E signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor E unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_e",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05A0",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor E Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor E Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor E signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor E über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_e",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05A1",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor E Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor E unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pressure sensor E.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Bremsdrucksensor E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_e",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05A2",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor E Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor E Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor E reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors E unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05A3",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wheel Speed Sensors Supply Circuit High",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensoren Versorgung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wheel speed sensors supply voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung der Raddrehzahlsensoren über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply shorted to battery",
            "de": "Versorgung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05A4",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wheel Speed Sensors Supply Circuit Low",
        "de": "Raddrehzahlsensoren Versorgung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wheel speed sensors supply voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung der Raddrehzahlsensoren unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wss_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05A5",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Supply Voltage B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Versorgungsspannung B unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on ABS pump motor supply voltage B (second redundant supply rail).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an Versorgungsspannung B des ABS-Pumpenmotors (zweite redundante Versorgung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_supply_b",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse blown",
            "de": "Sicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05A6",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Supply Voltage B Circuit High",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Versorgungsspannung B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor supply B above expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung B des ABS-Pumpenmotors über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_supply_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05A7",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Supply Voltage B Circuit Low",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Versorgungsspannung B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor supply B below expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_supply_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weak_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak supply or high resistance",
            "de": "Schwache Versorgung oder hoher Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05A8",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Supply Voltage B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Versorgungsspannung B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor supply B drifts or fluctuates.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung B driftet oder schwankt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_supply_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector with high resistance",
            "de": "Stecker mit hohem Übergangswiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05A9",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Supply Voltage Circuit A/B Correlation",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Versorgungsspannung A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltages A and B for ABS pump motor disagree.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannungen A und B des ABS-Pumpenmotors weichen ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_supply_a",
        "abs_pump_supply_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One supply rail with high resistance",
            "de": "Eine Versorgung mit hohem Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05AA",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Temperature Too High",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor temperature exceeded safe limit — typically after extended ABS activity or stuck rotor.",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor-Temperatur über Sicherheitswert — meist nach längerer ABS-Aktivität oder klemmendem Rotor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermal_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal overload from extended use",
            "de": "Thermische Überlast bei langer Nutzung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05AB",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Blending Separation Valve Performance",
        "de": "Brake-Blending-Trennventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake blending separation valve does not respond as expected — used to isolate hydraulic and regenerative brake circuits on EVs/hybrids.",
        "de": "Brake-Blending-Trennventil reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß — trennt Hydraulik- und Rekuperationsbremskreise bei EVs/Hybriden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_blending_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05AC",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Blending Separation Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Brake-Blending-Trennventil klemmt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake blending separation valve stuck closed — regen and hydraulic circuits cannot be isolated.",
        "de": "Trennventil klemmt geschlossen — Rekuperations- und Hydraulikkreis lassen sich nicht trennen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_blending_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil hängt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05AD",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Blending System Performance",
        "de": "Brake-Blending-System Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake blending system performance fault — coordination between regenerative and hydraulic braking degraded.",
        "de": "Brake-Blending-System mit Leistungsfehler — Koordination zwischen Rekuperation und Hydraulik beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_blending_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blending_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blending logic fault",
            "de": "Blending-Logik fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05AE",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Pump Motor Calibration Not Learned",
        "de": "ABS-Pumpenmotor Kalibrierung nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS pump motor calibration values not learned — required after pump or HCU replacement.",
        "de": "Adaptionswerte des ABS-Pumpenmotors nicht gelernt — nach Pumpen- oder HCU-Tausch nötig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05AF",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Stromsensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor A current sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Stromsensors am Booster-Motor A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_b_current_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05B0",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Hydraulic Circuit C Leak",
        "de": "Bremshydraulikkreis C Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure loss in brake hydraulic circuit C.",
        "de": "Druckverlust im Bremshydraulikkreis C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_circuit_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake fluid leak in circuit C",
            "de": "Bremsflüssigkeitsleck in Kreis C"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05B1",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Hydraulic Circuit D Leak",
        "de": "Bremshydraulikkreis D Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure loss in brake hydraulic circuit D.",
        "de": "Druckverlust im Bremshydraulikkreis D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_circuit_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake fluid leak in circuit D",
            "de": "Bremsflüssigkeitsleck in Kreis D"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05B2",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Signal - Yaw Rate Sensor Signal Correlation",
        "de": "Lenkradwinkelsensor zu Gierrate-Sensor Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Steering wheel angle and yaw rate sensor signals do not correlate during driving.",
        "de": "Lenkradwinkel- und Gierraten-Sensor korrelieren während der Fahrt nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "yaw_rate_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05B3",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor C niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster temperature sensor C signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Temperatursensor C unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05B4",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor C hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster temperature sensor C signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Temperatursensor C über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05B5",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor C Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor C unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake booster temperature sensor C.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Temperatursensor C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05B6",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster temperature sensor C reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Temperatursensors C unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05B7",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Temperatursensor C sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from brake booster temperature sensor C.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Temperatursensor C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_temp_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05B8",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Position Sensor Supply Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Positionssensor Versorgung unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake booster motor A position sensor supply line.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgung des Positionssensors am Booster-Motor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_a_pos_sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire open",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05B9",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Position Sensor Supply Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Positionssensor Versorgung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor supply voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung Positionssensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_a_pos_sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05BA",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Position Sensor Supply Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Positionssensor Versorgung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor supply voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung Positionssensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_a_pos_sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Versorgung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05BB",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Position Sensor Supply Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Positionssensor Versorgung Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor supply drifts or fluctuates.",
        "de": "Versorgung des Positionssensors driftet oder schwankt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_a_pos_sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector with high resistance",
            "de": "Stecker mit hohem Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05BC",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Position Sensor Supply Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Positionssensor Versorgung unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake booster motor A position sensor supply line.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgung des Positionssensors am Booster-Motor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_b_pos_sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire open",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05BD",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Position Sensor Supply Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Positionssensor Versorgung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor supply voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung Positionssensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_b_pos_sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05BE",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Position Sensor Supply Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Positionssensor Versorgung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor supply voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung Positionssensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_b_pos_sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Versorgung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05BF",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Position Sensor Supply Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Positionssensor Versorgung Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Booster motor A position sensor supply drifts or fluctuates.",
        "de": "Versorgung des Positionssensors driftet oder schwankt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "booster_motor_b_pos_sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector with high resistance",
            "de": "Stecker mit hohem Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05C0",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor A Not Learned",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Positionssensor A nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pedal position sensor A reference not learned — typically required after sensor or pedal replacement.",
        "de": "Referenzwert von Bremspedal-Sensor A nicht gelernt — meist nach Sensor- oder Pedaltausch nötig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05C1",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor B Not Learned",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Positionssensor B nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pedal position sensor B reference not learned — typically required after sensor or pedal replacement.",
        "de": "Referenzwert von Bremspedal-Sensor B nicht gelernt — meist nach Sensor- oder Pedaltausch nötig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05C2",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Over Temperature",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor A exceeded its safe operating temperature.",
        "de": "Booster-Motor A hat die zulässige Betriebstemperatur überschritten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermal_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal overload from extended braking",
            "de": "Thermische Überlast bei langem Bremsen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05C3",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor A Supply Circuit",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor A Versorgung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on brake booster motor A supply circuit.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler an der Versorgung des Booster-Motors A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_a_supply",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring or fuse fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung oder Sicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05C4",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor F Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor F Kalibrierung fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor F not calibrated.",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor F nicht kalibriert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05C5",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor F Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor F Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor F reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors F unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05C6",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor F Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor F Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor F signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor F unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_f",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05C7",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor F Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor F Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor F signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor F über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_f",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05C8",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor F Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor F unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pressure sensor F.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Bremsdrucksensor F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_f",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05C9",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor Supply Circuit",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor Versorgung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the supply voltage shared between brake pressure sensors.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler an der gemeinsamen Versorgungsspannung der Bremsdrucksensoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05CA",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Master Cylinder Piston Position Sensor A Circuit Voltage High",
        "de": "Bremshauptzylinder Kolben-Positionssensor A Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake master cylinder piston position sensor A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Hauptzylinder-Kolben-Positionssensor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_pos_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05CB",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Master Cylinder Piston Position Sensor A Circuit Voltage Low",
        "de": "Bremshauptzylinder Kolben-Positionssensor A Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Master cylinder piston position sensor A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Hauptzylinder-Kolben-Positionssensor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_pos_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05CC",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Master Cylinder Piston Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremshauptzylinder Kolben-Positionssensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Master cylinder piston position sensor A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Hauptzylinder-Kolben-Positionssensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_pos_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05CD",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Master Cylinder Piston Position Sensor B Circuit Voltage High",
        "de": "Bremshauptzylinder Kolben-Positionssensor B Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake master cylinder piston position sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Hauptzylinder-Kolben-Positionssensor B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_pos_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05CE",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Master Cylinder Piston Position Sensor B Circuit Voltage Low",
        "de": "Bremshauptzylinder Kolben-Positionssensor B Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Master cylinder piston position sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Hauptzylinder-Kolben-Positionssensor B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_pos_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05CF",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Master Cylinder Piston Position Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremshauptzylinder Kolben-Positionssensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Master cylinder piston position sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Hauptzylinder-Kolben-Positionssensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_pos_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05D0",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Master Cylinder Piston Position Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Bremshauptzylinder Kolben-Positionssensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Master cylinder piston position sensors A and B disagree beyond plausible deviation.",
        "de": "Hauptzylinder-Positionssensoren A und B weichen über plausibles Maß ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_pos_sensor_a",
        "master_cylinder_pos_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05D1",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Master Cylinder Piston Position Sensor Supply Circuit",
        "de": "Bremshauptzylinder Kolben-Positionssensor Versorgung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on master cylinder piston position sensor supply circuit.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler an der Versorgung des Hauptzylinder-Kolben-Positionssensors."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_pos_sensor_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05D2",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Master Cylinder Piston Position Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Hauptzylinder-Kolbenposition höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Master cylinder piston position higher than expected — typically too much pedal travel for the commanded brake pressure.",
        "de": "Hauptzylinder-Kolbenposition höher als erwartet — meist zu viel Pedalweg für den angeforderten Bremsdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_system_air",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air in brake system or fluid leak",
            "de": "Luft im Bremssystem oder Leck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05D3",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Applied Pressure Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Vom Fahrer aufgebrachter Druck höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Driver-applied brake pressure measured higher than expected for the pedal travel — points to a stuck valve or restricted hydraulic path.",
        "de": "Vom Fahrer aufgebrachter Bremsdruck höher als für den Pedalweg erwartet — Hinweis auf klemmendes Ventil oder behinderten Hydraulikweg."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hcu",
        "brake_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_blockage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic restriction or stuck valve",
            "de": "Hydraulische Drosselung oder klemmendes Ventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05D4",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Master Cylinder Piston Position Sensor Calibration Not Learned",
        "de": "Bremshauptzylinder Kolben-Positionssensor Kalibrierung nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Master cylinder piston position sensor calibration not learned.",
        "de": "Kalibrierung des Hauptzylinder-Kolben-Positionssensors nicht gelernt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_pos_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05D5",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Master Cylinder Cut Off Valve",
        "de": "Bremshauptzylinder Trennventil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on master cylinder cut-off valve — used in brake-by-wire systems to isolate the master cylinder during normal electric boost.",
        "de": "Fehler am Trennventil des Hauptzylinders — bei Brake-by-Wire-Systemen zum Trennen des Hauptzylinders während elektrischer Bremskraftverstärkung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "master_cylinder_cutoff_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil failed",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_cylinder"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05D6",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Control Module Processor Performance",
        "de": "Servolenkungs-Steuermodul Prozessor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Power steering control module processor reports an internal performance fault.",
        "de": "Prozessor des Servolenkungs-Moduls meldet einen internen Leistungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "eps_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05D7",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) Control Circuit",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Schaltsperre (BTSI) Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the brake transmission shift interlock (BTSI) circuit — prevents shifting from Park unless brake pedal is depressed.",
        "de": "Fehler am Schaltkreis der Bremspedal-Schaltsperre (BTSI) — verhindert Wahlhebel aus Park ohne getretenes Bremspedal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "btsi_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BTSI solenoid fault",
            "de": "BTSI-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05D8",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Actuator Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Aktuator-Steuerschaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on 4WD/AWD clutch A actuator control. The clutch engages drive to a secondary axle or transfer case.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Aktuator der 4WD/AWD-Kupplung A. Die Kupplung schaltet Antrieb zur Zweitachse oder zum Verteilergetriebe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05D9",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Actuator Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Aktuator-Steuerschaltkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A actuator does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "AWD-Kupplungsaktuator A reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response drifted",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05DA",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Actuator Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Aktuator-Steuerschaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A actuator control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Aktuator unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05DB",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Actuator Control Circuit High",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Aktuator-Steuerschaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A actuator control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Aktuator über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05DC",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Temperature Too High",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A overheated — typically from extended slip during off-road driving or repeated traction events.",
        "de": "AWD-Kupplung A überhitzt — meist nach längerem Schlupf im Gelände oder wiederholten Eingriffen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermal_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal overload from slip",
            "de": "Thermische Überlast durch Schlupf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05DD",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Performance/Stuck Disengaged",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Leistung/klemmt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A does not engage when commanded — stuck disengaged.",
        "de": "AWD-Kupplung A schließt bei Anforderung nicht — bleibt geöffnet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch plates worn or actuator stuck",
            "de": "Kupplungslamellen verschlissen oder Aktuator klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05DE",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Stuck Engaged",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A klemmt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A stays engaged when commanded off — drivetrain not disconnected, may cause transmission wind-up on tight turns.",
        "de": "AWD-Kupplung A bleibt geschlossen, obwohl auf \"auf\" gestellt — Antriebsstrang nicht getrennt, kann zu Verspannungen bei engen Kurven führen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_stuck_engaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch stuck engaged or actuator binding",
            "de": "Kupplung verklebt oder Aktuator hakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05DF",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Engagement Fault",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Schaltfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A engagement fault — sluggish or partial engagement detected.",
        "de": "AWD-Kupplung A schaltet zögerlich oder unvollständig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch plates worn",
            "de": "Kupplungslamellen verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05E0",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Positionssensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on AWD clutch A position sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Positionssensor der AWD-Kupplung A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05E1",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A position sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Kupplungs-Positionssensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05E2",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Positionssensor niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Positionssensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05E3",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Positionssensor hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Positionssensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05E4",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Positionssensor sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from AWD clutch A position sensor.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Positionssensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05E5",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Position Not Learned",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Position nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A reference position not learned — required after replacement or sensor reset.",
        "de": "Referenzposition der AWD-Kupplung A nicht gelernt — nach Tausch oder Sensor-Reset nötig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05E6",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch A Position Control Error",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung A Positionsregelfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A position control deviates from commanded position beyond tolerance.",
        "de": "Lageregelung der AWD-Kupplung A weicht über Toleranz vom Sollwert ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator drift or mechanical bind",
            "de": "Aktuator-Drift oder mechanischer Hänger"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05E7",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch B Actuator Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung B Aktuator-Steuerschaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on 4WD/AWD clutch A actuator control. The clutch engages drive to a secondary axle or transfer case.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Aktuator der 4WD/AWD-Kupplung A. Die Kupplung schaltet Antrieb zur Zweitachse oder zum Verteilergetriebe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_b_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05E8",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch B Actuator Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung B Aktuator-Steuerschaltkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A actuator does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "AWD-Kupplungsaktuator A reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_b_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response drifted",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05E9",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch B Actuator Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung B Aktuator-Steuerschaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A actuator control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Aktuator unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_b_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05EA",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch B Actuator Control Circuit High",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung B Aktuator-Steuerschaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A actuator control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Aktuator über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_b_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05EB",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch B Temperature Too High",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung B Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A overheated — typically from extended slip during off-road driving or repeated traction events.",
        "de": "AWD-Kupplung A überhitzt — meist nach längerem Schlupf im Gelände oder wiederholten Eingriffen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermal_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal overload from slip",
            "de": "Thermische Überlast durch Schlupf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05EC",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch B Performance/Stuck Disengaged",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung B Leistung/klemmt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A does not engage when commanded — stuck disengaged.",
        "de": "AWD-Kupplung A schließt bei Anforderung nicht — bleibt geöffnet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch plates worn or actuator stuck",
            "de": "Kupplungslamellen verschlissen oder Aktuator klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05ED",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch B Stuck Engaged",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung B klemmt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A stays engaged when commanded off — drivetrain not disconnected, may cause transmission wind-up on tight turns.",
        "de": "AWD-Kupplung A bleibt geschlossen, obwohl auf \"auf\" gestellt — Antriebsstrang nicht getrennt, kann zu Verspannungen bei engen Kurven führen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_stuck_engaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch stuck engaged or actuator binding",
            "de": "Kupplung verklebt oder Aktuator hakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05EE",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch B Engagement Fault",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung B Schaltfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A engagement fault — sluggish or partial engagement detected.",
        "de": "AWD-Kupplung A schaltet zögerlich oder unvollständig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch plates worn",
            "de": "Kupplungslamellen verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05EF",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Clutch B Position Control Error",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Kupplung B Positionsregelfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AWD clutch A position control deviates from commanded position beyond tolerance.",
        "de": "Lageregelung der AWD-Kupplung A weicht über Toleranz vom Sollwert ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator drift or mechanical bind",
            "de": "Aktuator-Drift oder mechanischer Hänger"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05F0",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Drive Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hinterachs-Kardanwellen-Drehzahlsensor niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rear drive shaft speed sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Hinterachs-Kardanwellen-Drehzahlsensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_drive_shaft_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05F1",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Drive Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Hinterachs-Kardanwellen-Drehzahlsensor hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rear drive shaft speed sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Hinterachs-Kardanwellen-Drehzahlsensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_drive_shaft_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05F2",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Drive Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Hinterachs-Kardanwellen-Drehzahlsensor sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from rear drive shaft speed sensor.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Hinterachs-Kardanwellen-Drehzahlsensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_drive_shaft_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05F3",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Drive Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Hinterachs-Kardanwellen-Drehzahlsensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on rear drive shaft speed sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Hinterachs-Kardanwellen-Drehzahlsensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_drive_shaft_speed_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05F4",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rear Drive Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hinterachs-Kardanwellen-Drehzahlsensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rear drive shaft speed sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Hinterachs-Kardanwellen-Drehzahlsensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_drive_shaft_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05F5",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Aktuator unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on 4WD/AWD range actuator control. The range actuator switches between high/low range on transfer cases with reduction.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am 4WD/AWD-Bereichswähler-Aktuator. Der Aktuator schaltet bei Verteilergetrieben mit Untersetzung zwischen High/Low-Range."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05F6",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Aktuator Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range actuator does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Bereichswähler-Aktuator reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck",
            "de": "Aktuator klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05F7",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Aktuator niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range actuator control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Bereichswähler unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05F8",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Control Circuit High",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Aktuator hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range actuator control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Bereichswähler über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05F9",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Temperature Too High",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Aktuator Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range actuator overheated.",
        "de": "Bereichswähler-Aktuator überhitzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermal_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal overload",
            "de": "Thermische Überlast"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05FA",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Performance/Stuck",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Aktuator Leistung/klemmt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range actuator stuck in current position.",
        "de": "Bereichswähler-Aktuator in aktueller Position klemmend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05FB",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Positionssensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on range actuator position sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Positionssensor des Bereichswählers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05FC",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range actuator position sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Positionssensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05FD",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Positionssensor niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range actuator position sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Positionssensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05FE",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Positionssensor hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range actuator position sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Positionssensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_pos_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C05FF",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "4WD/AWD Range Actuator Position Not Learned",
        "de": "4WD/AWD Bereichswähler-Aktuator Position nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range actuator position reference not learned.",
        "de": "Referenzposition des Bereichswählers nicht gelernt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed",
            "de": "Kalibrierung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0600",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Yaw Control System Failure",
        "de": "Aktives Gierregelsystem Ausfall"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The yaw control function fails its self-test and disables stability control.",
        "de": "Die Gierregelung besteht den Selbsttest nicht und deaktiviert die Stabilitaetsregelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "lateral_g_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_input_invalid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor input invalid",
            "de": "Eingang eines Sensors ungueltig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal failure",
            "de": "Steuergeraet intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0601",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Air Dam Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Aktiver Luftleitspoiler Steuerschaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on active air dam actuator. The active air dam (front splitter) lowers at speed to reduce drag and lift.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Aktuator des aktiven Luftleitspoilers. Der aktive Luftspoiler senkt sich bei höherer Geschwindigkeit, um Widerstand und Auftrieb zu verringern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_air_dam_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_dam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0602",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Air Dam Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktiver Luftleitspoiler Steuerschaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Active air dam actuator control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Aktuator unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_air_dam_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_dam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0603",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Air Dam Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktiver Luftleitspoiler Steuerschaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Active air dam actuator control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Aktuator über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_air_dam_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_dam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0604",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Air Dam Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Aktiver Luftleitspoiler Steuerschaltkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Active air dam actuator does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Aktuator des aktiven Luftspoilers reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_air_dam_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_dam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0605",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ESC Internal Performance",
        "de": "ESC interne Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ESC function fails its plausibility check during operation.",
        "de": "Die ESC-Funktion besteht die Plausibilitaetspruefung im Betrieb nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal failure",
            "de": "Steuergeraet intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0606",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lenkradwinkelsensor niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Steering wheel angle sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Lenkradwinkelsensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0607",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Lenkradwinkelsensor hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Steering wheel angle sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Lenkradwinkelsensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0608",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Lenkradwinkelsensor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Steering wheel angle sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Lenkradwinkelsensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0609",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Feststellbremsschalter Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on park brake switch circuit.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Schalter der Feststellbremse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed or wiring fault",
            "de": "Schalter defekt oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C060A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Switch Stuck",
        "de": "Feststellbremsschalter klemmt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park brake switch stuck in one position.",
        "de": "Schalter der Feststellbremse bleibt in einer Position klemmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact stuck",
            "de": "Schaltkontakt klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C060B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Park Brake Actuator Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Aktuator links Steuerschaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on left electric park brake (EPB) actuator.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am elektrischen Feststellbrems-Aktuator (EPB) links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_epb_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C060C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Park Brake Actuator Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Aktuator links niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left EPB actuator control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Aktuator links unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_epb_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C060D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Park Brake Actuator Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Aktuator links hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left EPB actuator control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Aktuator links über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_epb_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C060E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Park Brake Actuator Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Aktuator links Leistung/klemmt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left EPB actuator does not engage when commanded.",
        "de": "EPB-Aktuator links schließt bei Anforderung nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_epb_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck off",
            "de": "Aktuator hakt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C060F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Park Brake Actuator Stuck On",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Aktuator links klemmt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Left EPB actuator stays applied when commanded off.",
        "de": "EPB-Aktuator links bleibt geschlossen, obwohl auf \"auf\" gestellt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "left_epb_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck on",
            "de": "Aktuator hakt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0610",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus E (Chassis Bus)",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus E (Fahrwerksbus)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Communication on the chassis CAN bus is lost or noisy. Multiple chassis modules may report consequential faults.",
        "de": "Die Kommunikation auf dem Fahrwerks-CAN-Bus ist unterbrochen oder gestoert. Mehrere Fahrwerksmodule koennen Folgefehler melden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus",
        "abs_control_module",
        "eps_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring fault",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "terminating_resistor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Terminating resistor open",
            "de": "Abschlusswiderstand unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0611",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Park Brake Actuator Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Aktuator rechts niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right EPB actuator control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Aktuator rechts unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_epb_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0612",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Park Brake Actuator Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Aktuator rechts hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right EPB actuator control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Aktuator rechts über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_epb_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0613",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Park Brake Actuator Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Aktuator rechts Leistung/klemmt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right EPB actuator does not engage when commanded.",
        "de": "EPB-Aktuator rechts schließt bei Anforderung nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_epb_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck off",
            "de": "Aktuator hakt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0614",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Park Brake Actuator Stuck On",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Aktuator rechts klemmt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Right EPB actuator stays applied when commanded off.",
        "de": "EPB-Aktuator rechts bleibt geschlossen, obwohl auf \"auf\" gestellt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "right_epb_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck on",
            "de": "Aktuator hakt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0615",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ESC Calibration Required",
        "de": "ESC-Kalibrierung erforderlich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ESC calibration values are missing or implausible after sensor or module replacement.",
        "de": "ESC-Kalibrierwerte fehlen oder sind nach Sensor- oder Steuergeraetewechsel unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "lateral_g_sensor",
        "steering_angle_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration not performed after repair",
            "de": "Kalibrierung nach Reparatur nicht durchgefuehrt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0616",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Control Module Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Steuermodul Schaltkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park brake control module reports a performance fault on its actuator drive circuit.",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Steuermodul meldet Leistungsfehler an der Aktuator-Ansteuerung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0617",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Control Module Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Steuermodul Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park brake control module supply voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung des EPB-Moduls unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_module",
        "power_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low battery or weak supply",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie oder Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0618",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Control Module Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Feststellbrems-Steuermodul Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park brake control module supply voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung des EPB-Moduls über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_module",
        "alternator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0619",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor A Offset Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Positionssensor A Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pedal position sensor A learned offset exceeded the allowed learning range.",
        "de": "Gelernter Offset des Bremspedal-Sensors A überschreitet zulässigen Lernbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pedal_misalignment",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal mechanically misaligned",
            "de": "Pedal mechanisch verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C061A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor B Offset Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Positionssensor B Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pedal position sensor B learned offset exceeded the allowed learning range.",
        "de": "Gelernter Offset des Bremspedal-Sensors A überschreitet zulässigen Lernbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pedal_misalignment",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal mechanically misaligned",
            "de": "Pedal mechanisch verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C061B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM Request - Forced Traction Control Disable",
        "de": "ECM-Anforderung – Traktionskontrolle erzwungen aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine control module requests forced disable of traction control — typically when the engine cannot deliver requested torque reduction.",
        "de": "Motorsteuerung fordert das Abschalten der Traktionskontrolle an — meist wenn die geforderte Drehmomentreduktion nicht möglich ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm",
        "tcs_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_communication_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM/TCS communication issue",
            "de": "Kommunikationsfehler ECM/TCS"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C061C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Actuator Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft-Aktuator Steuerschaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on variable effort steering (VES) actuator. VES varies steering assist with vehicle speed.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Aktuator der variablen Lenkkraft (VES). VES verändert die Lenkunterstützung je nach Geschwindigkeit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C061D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Actuator Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft-Aktuator niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES actuator control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung VES-Aktuator unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C061E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Actuator Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft-Aktuator hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES actuator control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung VES-Aktuator über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C061F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Actuator Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft-Aktuator Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES actuator does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "VES-Aktuator reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator drift or mechanical bind",
            "de": "Aktuator-Drift oder mechanischer Hänger"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0620",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Assist Module Communication",
        "de": "Park-Assistent Steuergerät Kommunikation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis control module has detected a communication fault with the park assist module. Parking sensors, surround view and automatic parking functions are unavailable until communication is restored.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerks-Steuergerät hat einen Kommunikationsfehler mit dem Park-Assistent-Steuergerät erkannt. Einparksensoren, Umgebungssicht und automatisches Einparken stehen bis zur Wiederherstellung der Kommunikation nicht zur Verfügung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_assist_module",
        "communication_bus",
        "chassis_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "communication_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication bus fault",
            "de": "Kommunikationsbus-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "park_assist_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Park assist module failed",
            "de": "Park-Assistent-Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "power_supply_module",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply or ground fault to module",
            "de": "Versorgungs- oder Masseschluss am Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0621",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Lock/Safety Actuator Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Sperr-/Sicherheits-Aktuator niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES safety lock actuator control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung des Sicherheits-Sperr-Aktuators unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_lock_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0622",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Lock/Safety Actuator Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Sperr-/Sicherheits-Aktuator hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES safety lock actuator control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung des Sicherheits-Sperr-Aktuators über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_lock_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0623",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Lock/Safety Actuator Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Sperr-/Sicherheits-Aktuator Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES safety lock actuator does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Sicherheits-Sperr-Aktuator reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_lock_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck",
            "de": "Aktuator klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0624",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Sensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on VES feedback sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Rückkopplungssensor der variablen Lenkkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0625",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Sensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des VES-Sensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0626",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Sensor niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung VES-Sensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0627",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Sensor hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung VES-Sensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0628",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Module Performance",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Modul Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES control module reports an internal performance fault.",
        "de": "VES-Steuermodul meldet einen internen Leistungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0629",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Control Module Incorrect Component Installed",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Modul falsche Komponente verbaut"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES module detects a mismatched or incorrect component installed.",
        "de": "VES-Modul erkennt eine nicht passende oder falsche Komponente."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong replacement part",
            "de": "Falsches Ersatzteil verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C062A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Module Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Modul Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES module exceeded its safe operating temperature.",
        "de": "VES-Modul hat die zulässige Betriebstemperatur überschritten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermal_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal overload from extended high-effort steering",
            "de": "Thermische Überlast bei dauerhaftem starkem Lenken"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C062B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable Effort Steering Module Temperature Too Low",
        "de": "Variable Lenkkraft Modul Temperatur zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VES module reports an implausibly low operating temperature.",
        "de": "VES-Modul meldet unplausibel niedrige Betriebstemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ves_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "temp_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal temperature sensor fault",
            "de": "Interner Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C062C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Motor B Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker Motor B Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake booster motor B does not deliver expected performance.",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Motor B liefert nicht die erwartete Leistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_motor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor worn or weak",
            "de": "Motor verschlissen oder schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C062D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "ABS Valves Range/Performance",
        "de": "ABS-Ventile Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "One or more ABS hydraulic valves do not respond as expected during self-test or operation.",
        "de": "Eines oder mehrere ABS-Hydraulikventile reagieren nicht erwartungsgemäß bei Selbsttest oder Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_hydraulic_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck or coil weak",
            "de": "Ventil klemmt oder Spule schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C062E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Air Dam Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktiver Luftleitspoiler Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Active air dam supply voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung Luftspoiler unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_air_dam_actuator",
        "power_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_dam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C062F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Air Dam Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktiver Luftleitspoiler Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Active air dam supply voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung Luftspoiler über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_air_dam_actuator",
        "alternator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_dam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0630",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Air Dam Stuck",
        "de": "Aktiver Luftleitspoiler klemmt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Active air dam stuck mechanically — does not extend or retract.",
        "de": "Aktiver Luftspoiler mechanisch klemmend — fährt nicht aus oder ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_air_dam"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanical_bind",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical bind from debris or damage",
            "de": "Mechanischer Hänger durch Schmutz oder Beschädigung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_dam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0631",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Axle Disconnect Actuator",
        "de": "Vorderachs-Trennkupplung Aktuator"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on front axle disconnect actuator. The disconnect decouples the front axle from the drivetrain to save fuel in 2WD mode.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Aktuator der Vorderachs-Trennkupplung. Die Trennung entkoppelt im 2WD-Modus die Vorderachse vom Antriebsstrang zur Kraftstoffersparnis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_axle_disconnect_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0632",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Axle Disconnect Control Circuit",
        "de": "Vorderachs-Trennkupplung Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on front axle disconnect control circuit.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Steuerschaltkreis der Vorderachs-Trennkupplung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_axle_disconnect_actuator",
        "control_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wiring fault",
            "de": "Steuerleitung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0633",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Front Half Shaft Speed Sensor",
        "de": "Vorderachs-Antriebswellen-Drehzahlsensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on front half shaft speed sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Drehzahlsensor der Vorderachs-Antriebswelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_halfshaft_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0634",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensors A and B disagree beyond plausible deviation.",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensoren A und B weichen über plausibles Maß ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_a",
        "brake_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0635",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor G Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor G unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pressure sensor G.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Bremsdrucksensor G."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0636",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor G Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor G hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor G signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor G über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0637",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor G Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor G niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor G signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor G unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0638",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor G Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor G Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor G reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors G unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0639",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor H Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor H unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pressure sensor H.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Bremsdrucksensor H."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C063A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor H Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor H hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor H signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor H über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C063B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor H Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor H niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor H signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor H unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C063C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor H Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor H Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor H reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors H unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C063D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor J Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor J unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pressure sensor J.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Bremsdrucksensor J."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_j"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C063E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor J Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor J hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor J signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor J über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_j"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C063F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor J Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor J niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor J signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor J unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_j"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0640",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor J Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor J Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor J reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors J unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_j"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0641",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor K Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor K unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pressure sensor K.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Bremsdrucksensor K."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_k"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0642",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor K Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor K hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor K signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor K über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_k"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0643",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor K Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor K niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor K signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor K unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_k"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0644",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor K Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor K Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor K reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors K unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_k"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0645",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor L Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor L unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pressure sensor L.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Bremsdrucksensor L."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_l"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0646",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor L Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor L hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor L signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor L über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_l"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0647",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor L Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor L niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor L signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor L unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_l"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0648",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor L Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor L Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor L reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors L unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_l"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0649",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor M Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor M unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pressure sensor M.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Bremsdrucksensor M."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_m"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C064A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor M Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor M hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor M signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor M über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_m"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C064B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor M Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor M niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor M signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor M unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_m"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C064C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor M Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor M Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor M reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors M unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_m"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C064D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor N Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor N unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on brake pressure sensor N.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Bremsdrucksensor N."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_n"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C064E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor N Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor N hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor N signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor N über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_n"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C064F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor N Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor N niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor N signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Bremsdrucksensor N unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_n"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0650",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor N Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor N Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake pressure sensor N reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Bremsdrucksensors N unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor_n"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0651",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Vorne links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on left front wheel speed sensor B (secondary sensor).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B vorne links (Zweitsensor)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensorverkabelung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0652",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Vorne links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert vom Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B vorne links unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged or contaminated",
            "de": "Geberring beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0653",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Vorne links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Sensor B vorne links unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0654",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Vorne links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Sensor B vorne links über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0655",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Vorne links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from LF wheel speed sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Sensor B vorne links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or oxidized",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0656",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Correlation",
        "de": "Vorne links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B does not correlate with the primary LF sensor or other wheels.",
        "de": "Sensor B vorne links korreliert nicht mit dem Primärsensor oder den anderen Rädern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_wss_b",
        "lf_wss"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or tone ring fault",
            "de": "Sensor oder Geberring defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0657",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Incorrect Component Installed",
        "de": "Vorne links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B falsche Komponente verbaut"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B identifier mismatched — wrong sensor type for the vehicle.",
        "de": "Sensor-Kennung passt nicht zum Fahrzeug — falscher Sensortyp verbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong replacement part",
            "de": "Falsches Ersatzteil verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0658",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Vorne rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on left front wheel speed sensor B (secondary sensor).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B vorne links (Zweitsensor)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensorverkabelung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0659",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Vorne rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert vom Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B vorne links unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged or contaminated",
            "de": "Geberring beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C065A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Vorne rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Sensor B vorne links unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C065B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Vorne rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Sensor B vorne links über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C065C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Vorne rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from LF wheel speed sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Sensor B vorne links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or oxidized",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C065D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Correlation",
        "de": "Vorne rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B does not correlate with the primary LF sensor or other wheels.",
        "de": "Sensor B vorne links korreliert nicht mit dem Primärsensor oder den anderen Rädern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_wss_b",
        "rf_wss"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or tone ring fault",
            "de": "Sensor oder Geberring defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C065E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor B Incorrect Component Installed",
        "de": "Vorne rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B falsche Komponente verbaut"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B identifier mismatched — wrong sensor type for the vehicle.",
        "de": "Sensor-Kennung passt nicht zum Fahrzeug — falscher Sensortyp verbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong replacement part",
            "de": "Falsches Ersatzteil verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C065F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hinten links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on left front wheel speed sensor B (secondary sensor).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B vorne links (Zweitsensor)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensorverkabelung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0660",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Feststellbremsschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric park brake switch reports an implausible signal.",
        "de": "Der Schalter der elektrischen Feststellbremse meldet ein unplausibles Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_switch",
        "epb_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0661",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hinten links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Sensor B vorne links unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0662",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Hinten links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Sensor B vorne links über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0663",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hinten links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from LF wheel speed sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Sensor B vorne links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or oxidized",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0664",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Correlation",
        "de": "Hinten links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B does not correlate with the primary LF sensor or other wheels.",
        "de": "Sensor B vorne links korreliert nicht mit dem Primärsensor oder den anderen Rädern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_wss_b",
        "lr_wss"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or tone ring fault",
            "de": "Sensor oder Geberring defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0665",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Incorrect Component Installed",
        "de": "Hinten links Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B falsche Komponente verbaut"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B identifier mismatched — wrong sensor type for the vehicle.",
        "de": "Sensor-Kennung passt nicht zum Fahrzeug — falscher Sensortyp verbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong replacement part",
            "de": "Falsches Ersatzteil verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0666",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on left front wheel speed sensor B (secondary sensor).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B vorne links (Zweitsensor)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensorverkabelung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0667",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert vom Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B vorne links unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_ring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring damaged or contaminated",
            "de": "Geberring beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0668",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Sensor B vorne links unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0669",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Sensor B vorne links über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C066A",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from LF wheel speed sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Sensor B vorne links."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or oxidized",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C066B",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Correlation",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B does not correlate with the primary LF sensor or other wheels.",
        "de": "Sensor B vorne links korreliert nicht mit dem Primärsensor oder den anderen Rädern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_wss_b",
        "rr_wss"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or tone ring fault",
            "de": "Sensor oder Geberring defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C066C",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor B Incorrect Component Installed",
        "de": "Hinten rechts Radgeschwindigkeitssensor B falsche Komponente verbaut"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "LF wheel speed sensor B identifier mismatched — wrong sensor type for the vehicle.",
        "de": "Sensor-Kennung passt nicht zum Fahrzeug — falscher Sensortyp verbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_wss_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong replacement part",
            "de": "Falsches Ersatzteil verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C066D",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Service/Park Brake Chamber Pressure Sensor",
        "de": "Betriebs-/Feststellbremskammer Drucksensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on service/park brake chamber pressure sensor — used on air-brake systems with combined service and spring-applied parking brake chamber.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Drucksensor der Betriebs-/Feststellbremskammer — bei Druckluftbremsanlagen mit kombinierter Betriebs- und federbetätigter Feststellbremse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "service_park_brake_chamber_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_brake_(road_vehicle)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C066E",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Service/Park Brake Chamber Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Betriebs-/Feststellbremskammer Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure in the service/park brake chamber exceeded safe limit.",
        "de": "Druck in der Betriebs-/Feststellbremskammer hat den Sollbereich überschritten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "service_park_brake_chamber",
        "air_compressor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator stuck",
            "de": "Druckregler klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_brake_(road_vehicle)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C066F",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Service/Park Brake Chamber Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Betriebs-/Feststellbremskammer Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure in the service/park brake chamber dropped below required minimum — risk of insufficient braking force.",
        "de": "Druck in der Betriebs-/Feststellbremskammer unter Mindestwert — Gefahr unzureichender Bremskraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "service_park_brake_chamber",
        "air_compressor",
        "air_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air leak in brake system",
            "de": "Druckluftleck im Bremssystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_brake_(road_vehicle)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0670",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric Park Brake Actuator Left Circuit",
        "de": "Elektrische Feststellbremse Aktor links Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The left electric park brake caliper actuator does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Der Aktor der elektrischen Feststellbremse links reagiert nicht wie angesteuert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_actuator_left",
        "epb_control_module",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator seized due to corrosion",
            "de": "Aktor wegen Korrosion festgegangen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding open",
            "de": "Motorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0671",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric Park Brake Actuator Right Circuit",
        "de": "Elektrische Feststellbremse Aktor rechts Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The right electric park brake caliper actuator does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Der Aktor der elektrischen Feststellbremse rechts reagiert nicht wie angesteuert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_actuator_right",
        "epb_control_module",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator seized due to corrosion",
            "de": "Aktor wegen Korrosion festgegangen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding open",
            "de": "Motorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0680",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric Park Brake Module Internal Fault",
        "de": "Feststellbremsen-Steuergeraet interner Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EPB control module fails its internal self-test and the park brake function may be limited.",
        "de": "Das EPB-Steuergeraet besteht den internen Selbsttest nicht; die Feststellbremsfunktion kann eingeschraenkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal failure",
            "de": "Steuergeraet intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0700",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Steering Module Communication",
        "de": "Aktivlenkungs-Steuergerät Kommunikation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A communication fault between the chassis control module and the active steering module has been detected. Active steering varies the steering ratio with speed, and a fault disables this assistance and may store secondary codes in other modules.",
        "de": "Es wurde ein Kommunikationsfehler zwischen Fahrwerks-Steuergerät und Aktivlenkungs-Steuergerät erkannt. Die Aktivlenkung variiert die Lenkübersetzung mit der Geschwindigkeit; ein Fehler deaktiviert diese Unterstützung und kann Folgefehler in anderen Steuergeräten erzeugen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_steering_module",
        "communication_bus",
        "chassis_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "communication_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication bus fault",
            "de": "Kommunikationsbus-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "active_steering_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Active steering module failed",
            "de": "Aktivlenkungs-Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "power_supply_module",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply or ground fault to module",
            "de": "Versorgungs- oder Masseschluss am Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0710",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Position Signal Malfunction",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsignal Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis or stability control module has received an invalid or missing steering position signal — often via the communication bus from the steering control module. ESP, lane assist and electric power steering may be limited.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerks- oder ESP-Steuergerät hat ein ungültiges oder fehlendes Lenkwinkelsignal erhalten — häufig über den Kommunikationsbus vom Lenkungssteuergerät. ESP, Spurhalte- und elektrische Lenkunterstützung können eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "power_steering_module",
        "esp_control_module",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle sensor or steering control module failed",
            "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor oder Lenkungssteuergerät defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication bus fault between modules",
            "de": "Kommunikationsbus-Fehler zwischen Steuergeräten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_calibration",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle not calibrated",
            "de": "Lenkwinkel nicht kalibriert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0712",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Position Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Servolenkung-Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power steering control module has detected that the rack or column position signal is out of range or implausible. Steering assist may be reduced.",
        "de": "Das Lenkungssteuergerät hat erkannt, dass das Positionssignal von Lenkstange oder Lenksäule außerhalb des Bereichs oder unplausibel ist. Die Lenkunterstützung kann reduziert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_module",
        "steering_position_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "position_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering position sensor failed",
            "de": "Lenkungspositionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "calibration_required",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor calibration required after service",
            "de": "Sensorkalibrierung nach Service erforderlich"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0715",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Servolenkung-Drucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power steering module has detected that the hydraulic pressure sensor signal is out of range — relevant for hydraulic and electro-hydraulic systems. Assist regulation may run in fallback mode.",
        "de": "Das Lenkungssteuergerät hat erkannt, dass das Signal des Hydraulikdrucksensors außerhalb des Bereichs liegt — relevant für hydraulische und elektrohydraulische Systeme. Die Unterstützungsregelung läuft ggf. im Notbetrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_pump",
        "pressure_sensor",
        "power_steering_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_fluid_level",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low power steering fluid level",
            "de": "Niedriger Servolenkungs-Flüssigkeitsstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0720",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric Power Steering Torque Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "EPS Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque sensor in the EPS column or rack reports an electrical fault. Power assist is reduced or disabled.",
        "de": "Der Drehmomentsensor in EPS-Saeule oder -Lenkgetriebe meldet einen elektrischen Fehler. Lenkkraftunterstuetzung wird reduziert oder deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "eps_torque_sensor",
        "eps_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque sensor failed",
            "de": "Drehmomentsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0725",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric Power Steering Motor Circuit",
        "de": "EPS Motor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EPS assist motor circuit reports an electrical fault.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des EPS-Unterstuetzungsmotors meldet einen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "eps_motor",
        "eps_control_module",
        "power_supply_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding open",
            "de": "Motorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground in motor wiring",
            "de": "Massekurzschluss in Motorverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0727",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Trailer Connector Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Anhängerstecker Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis or trailer brake module has detected a fault in the trailer wiring connector — for example open lighting circuit or short to ground. Trailer brake and lighting functions may be unavailable.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerk- oder Anhängerbrems-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler am Anhängerstecker erkannt — z. B. unterbrochener Licht-Stromkreis oder Kurzschluss nach Masse. Anhängerbrems- und Beleuchtungsfunktionen können ausfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trailer_connector",
        "trailer_wiring",
        "trailer_brake_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector pins corroded or bent",
            "de": "Steckerstifte korrodiert oder verbogen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "trailer_wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short or open in trailer wiring",
            "de": "Kurzschluss oder Unterbrechung im Anhängerkabel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0730",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric Power Steering Motor Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "EPS Motor-Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EPS motor position sensor (resolver/Hall) reports an implausible or missing signal.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor des EPS-Motors (Resolver/Hall) meldet ein unplausibles oder fehlendes Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "eps_motor_position_sensor",
        "eps_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded",
            "de": "Steckverbinder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0735",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric Power Steering Module Internal Fault",
        "de": "EPS-Steuergeraet interner Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EPS control module fails its internal self-test. Power assist is disabled.",
        "de": "Das EPS-Steuergeraet besteht den internen Selbsttest nicht. Die Lenkkraftunterstuetzung wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "eps_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal failure",
            "de": "Steuergeraet intern defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_supply_unstable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage unstable",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung instabil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0740",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric Power Steering Voltage Supply",
        "de": "EPS Versorgungsspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to the EPS module is out of range, reducing or disabling power assist.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des EPS-Steuergeraets liegt ausserhalb des Bereichs; die Lenkkraftunterstuetzung wird reduziert oder deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "eps_control_module",
        "power_supply_wiring",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "undervoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery undervoltage during high steering load",
            "de": "Batterieunterspannung bei hoher Lenklast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground point corroded",
            "de": "Massepunkt korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0745",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric Power Steering Overtemperature Protection",
        "de": "EPS Uebertemperaturschutz"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EPS module has reduced or disabled assistance to protect the motor from overheating, typically after extended low-speed manoeuvring.",
        "de": "Das EPS-Steuergeraet hat die Unterstuetzung reduziert oder deaktiviert, um den Motor vor Ueberhitzung zu schuetzen; typischerweise nach laengerem Rangieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "eps_motor",
        "eps_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "prolonged_low_speed_operation",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Prolonged low-speed operation (e.g. parking)",
            "de": "Laengeres Fahren bei niedriger Geschwindigkeit (z. B. Einparken)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_thermal_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor thermal sensor drift",
            "de": "Drift des Motor-Temperatursensors"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0750",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Brake Switch",
        "de": "Tempomat-Bremsschalter"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cruise control or chassis module has detected an implausible signal from the dedicated cruise control brake switch. This switch is independent from the stop lamp switch and disengages cruise control when the driver brakes.",
        "de": "Das Tempomat- oder Fahrwerks-Steuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal vom dedizierten Tempomat-Bremsschalter erkannt. Dieser Schalter ist unabhängig vom Bremslichtschalter und deaktiviert die Geschwindigkeitsregelung beim Bremsen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_brake_switch",
        "cruise_control_module",
        "brake_pedal_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cruise_brake_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cruise control brake switch failed or misadjusted",
            "de": "Tempomat-Bremsschalter defekt oder falsch justiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cruise_switch_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cruise_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal cruise control module fault",
            "de": "Interner Tempomat-Steuergerät-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0784",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Trailer Brake Force Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Anhängerbremskraft-Sensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The integrated trailer brake controller has detected an electrical fault in the brake force sensor circuit. Proportional trailer brake control is disabled — the controller defaults to a manual or fixed-gain mode.",
        "de": "Der integrierte Anhängerbrems-Controller hat einen elektrischen Fehler im Stromkreis des Bremskraftsensors erkannt. Die proportionale Anhängerbremsregelung ist deaktiviert — der Controller fällt in einen manuellen bzw. fest eingestellten Modus zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trailer_brake_controller",
        "brake_force_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "force_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Trailer brake force sensor failed",
            "de": "Anhängerbremskraft-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_or_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0800",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive System Voltage Low",
        "de": "Bordnetzspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis control module has detected that the supply voltage is below the operating threshold required for ABS, ESP or steering systems. Many chassis functions are limited or disabled until the voltage returns to a normal range.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerks-Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Versorgungsspannung unter dem Betriebsschwellwert für ABS, ESP oder Lenkungsysteme liegt. Viele Fahrwerksfunktionen werden eingeschränkt oder deaktiviert, bis die Spannung wieder im Normalbereich liegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery",
        "alternator",
        "power_supply_wiring",
        "chassis_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery weak or discharged",
            "de": "Batterie schwach oder entladen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator output fault",
            "de": "Generator-Ladefehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance_connection",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance ground or supply connection",
            "de": "Hochohmige Masse- oder Versorgungsverbindung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0805",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Angle Sensor Calibration",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor Kalibrierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis or stability control module reports that the steering angle sensor has not been calibrated or that the calibration data has been lost. ESP requires a calibrated zero position and is disabled until calibration is performed.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerks- oder ESP-Steuergerät meldet, dass der Lenkwinkelsensor nicht kalibriert ist oder die Kalibrierdaten verloren wurden. ESP benötigt eine kalibrierte Nulllage und ist bis zur Kalibrierung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "esp_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_calibration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration required after battery disconnect or repair",
            "de": "Kalibrierung nach Batterietrennung oder Reparatur erforderlich"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor lost calibration data",
            "de": "Sensor hat Kalibrierdaten verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alignment_off",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel alignment incorrect, blocking calibration",
            "de": "Achsvermessung fehlerhaft, blockiert Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0810",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Suspension Compressor Circuit",
        "de": "Luftfederung Kompressor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The air suspension compressor motor circuit reports an electrical fault. Levelling is disabled.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Luftfederungs-Kompressormotors meldet einen elektrischen Fehler. Die Niveauregulierung wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_compressor",
        "air_suspension_module",
        "compressor_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "compressor_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compressor motor failed",
            "de": "Kompressormotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compressor relay failed",
            "de": "Kompressorrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0815",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Suspension Compressor Overtemperature",
        "de": "Luftfederung Kompressor Uebertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The air suspension compressor has been disabled to protect against overheating, typically after a slow leak.",
        "de": "Der Luftfederungs-Kompressor wurde zum Schutz vor Ueberhitzung deaktiviert; meist nach einer langsamen Leckage."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_compressor",
        "air_lines",
        "air_springs"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Slow leak in air spring or line",
            "de": "Langsame Leckage an Luftfeder oder Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compressor_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compressor worn",
            "de": "Kompressor verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0820",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Suspension Height Sensor Front Left",
        "de": "Luftfederungs-Hoehensensor vorne links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front left ride height sensor reports an implausible or missing signal.",
        "de": "Der Hoehensensor vorne links meldet ein unplausibles oder fehlendes Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "height_sensor_fl",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor linkage broken",
            "de": "Sensorgestaenge gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0821",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Suspension Height Sensor Front Right",
        "de": "Luftfederungs-Hoehensensor vorne rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front right ride height sensor reports an implausible or missing signal.",
        "de": "Der Hoehensensor vorne rechts meldet ein unplausibles oder fehlendes Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "height_sensor_fr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor linkage broken",
            "de": "Sensorgestaenge gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0822",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Suspension Height Sensor Rear Left",
        "de": "Luftfederungs-Hoehensensor hinten links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rear left ride height sensor reports an implausible or missing signal.",
        "de": "Der Hoehensensor hinten links meldet ein unplausibles oder fehlendes Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "height_sensor_rl",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor linkage broken",
            "de": "Sensorgestaenge gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0823",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Suspension Height Sensor Rear Right",
        "de": "Luftfederungs-Hoehensensor hinten rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rear right ride height sensor reports an implausible or missing signal.",
        "de": "Der Hoehensensor hinten rechts meldet ein unplausibles oder fehlendes Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "height_sensor_rr",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor linkage broken",
            "de": "Sensorgestaenge gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0825",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Effort Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Lenkmoment-Sensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric power steering module has detected that the torque (effort) sensor signal is out of the expected range. Steering assist is reduced or disabled.",
        "de": "Das Lenkungssteuergerät hat erkannt, dass das Signal des Lenkmoment-Sensors außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs liegt. Die Lenkunterstützung wird reduziert oder deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_sensor",
        "power_steering_module",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "torque_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering torque sensor failed",
            "de": "Lenkmoment-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "calibration_required",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration required after service",
            "de": "Kalibrierung nach Service erforderlich"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0827",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Effort Sensor Stuck",
        "de": "Lenkmoment-Sensor blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power steering module has detected that the torque sensor signal does not change despite steering input — the sensor appears stuck. Assist is disabled to avoid uncontrolled steering torque.",
        "de": "Das Lenkungssteuergerät hat erkannt, dass sich das Signal des Lenkmoment-Sensors trotz Lenkbewegung nicht ändert — der Sensor scheint zu klemmen. Die Lenkunterstützung wird zur Vermeidung unkontrollierter Lenkmomente deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_sensor",
        "power_steering_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "torque_sensor_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "torque_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor electronics failed",
            "de": "Sensorelektronik defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0830",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Center Position Not Learned",
        "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor Mittelstellung nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The chassis control module has not stored a valid center (zero) position for the steering wheel angle sensor. ESP, lane assist and electric power steering may be limited until calibration is performed.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerk-Steuergerät hat keine gültige Mittelstellung (Nullpunkt) des Lenkwinkelsensors hinterlegt. ESP, Spurhalte- und elektrische Lenkunterstützung können bis zur Kalibrierung eingeschränkt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "chassis_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "calibration_not_performed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor calibration not performed after replacement",
            "de": "Sensorkalibrierung nach Austausch nicht durchgeführt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alignment_changed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel alignment changed without calibration",
            "de": "Achsvermessung ohne anschließende Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0840",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Suspension Solenoid Valve Circuit",
        "de": "Luftfederungs-Magnetventil Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "One of the level control solenoid valves reports an electrical fault. The corresponding axle cannot be levelled.",
        "de": "Eines der Niveauregulierungs-Magnetventile meldet einen elektrischen Fehler. Die zugehoerige Achse kann nicht angeglichen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_suspension_valve",
        "air_suspension_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector water damage",
            "de": "Wassereintritt am Steckverbinder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0850",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Damping Control Front Left",
        "de": "Aktive Daempferregelung vorne links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front left adjustable damper reports an electrical fault.",
        "de": "Der einstellbare Daempfer vorne links meldet einen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_damper_fl",
        "damper_solenoid",
        "suspension_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damper solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Daempfer-Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafe at strut",
            "de": "Kabel am Federbein durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0851",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Damping Control Front Right",
        "de": "Aktive Daempferregelung vorne rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front right adjustable damper reports an electrical fault.",
        "de": "Der einstellbare Daempfer vorne rechts meldet einen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_damper_fr",
        "damper_solenoid",
        "suspension_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damper solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Daempfer-Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafe at strut",
            "de": "Kabel am Federbein durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0852",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Damping Control Rear Left",
        "de": "Aktive Daempferregelung hinten links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rear left adjustable damper reports an electrical fault.",
        "de": "Der einstellbare Daempfer hinten links meldet einen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_damper_rl",
        "damper_solenoid",
        "suspension_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damper solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Daempfer-Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafe",
            "de": "Kabel durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0853",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Damping Control Rear Right",
        "de": "Aktive Daempferregelung hinten rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rear right adjustable damper reports an electrical fault.",
        "de": "Der einstellbare Daempfer hinten rechts meldet einen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_damper_rr",
        "damper_solenoid",
        "suspension_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damper solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Daempfer-Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafe",
            "de": "Kabel durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0860",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Trailer Stability Assist Performance",
        "de": "Anhaengerstabilisierung Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The trailer stability assist function detects implausible trailer sway response or sensor input.",
        "de": "Die Anhaengerstabilisierung erkennt eine unplausible Pendelreaktion oder unplausible Sensorwerte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "trailer_recognition_module",
        "yaw_rate_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trailer_module_communication",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Trailer module communication fault",
            "de": "Kommunikationsfehler zum Anhaengermodul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "yaw_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Yaw sensor drift",
            "de": "Gierratensensor-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_stability_program"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0870",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Adaptive Cruise Control Brake Request Performance",
        "de": "ACC-Bremsanforderung Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A brake request from adaptive cruise control or AEB cannot be executed within the expected response time.",
        "de": "Eine Bremsanforderung des adaptiven Tempomats oder Notbremsassistenten kann nicht in der erwarteten Reaktionszeit umgesetzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "acc_radar_module",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_latency",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus communication latency",
            "de": "Latenz auf Kommunikationsbus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_block_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic block slow to build pressure",
            "de": "Hydraulikblock baut Druck zu langsam auf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0900",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TPMS Sensor 1 Battery",
        "de": "Reifendrucksensor 1 Batterie"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The tyre pressure monitoring system has detected that the battery in tyre pressure sensor 1 is low or depleted. TPMS sensors are battery-powered with a typical life of 5 to 10 years and must be replaced as a unit when the battery fails.",
        "de": "Das Reifendruckkontrollsystem hat erkannt, dass die Batterie des Reifendrucksensors 1 schwach oder leer ist. RDKS-Sensoren sind batteriebetrieben mit einer Lebensdauer von 5 bis 10 Jahren und müssen bei leerer Batterie als Einheit getauscht werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_sensor",
        "tpms_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tpms_sensor_battery_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPMS sensor battery depleted (end of life)",
            "de": "RDKS-Sensorbatterie am Lebensdauerende"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tpms_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor electronics failed",
            "de": "Sensorelektronik defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0901",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TPMS Sensor 1 Position Performance",
        "de": "RDKS-Sensor 1 Position Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The tire pressure monitoring receiver cannot reliably localize sensor 1 to a wheel position. Pressure values may be assigned to the wrong wheel until relearn is completed.",
        "de": "Der RDKS-Empfänger kann Sensor 1 keiner Radposition mehr zuverlässig zuordnen. Druckwerte werden bis zum erneuten Anlernen ggf. dem falschen Rad zugewiesen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_sensor",
        "tpms_receiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relearn_required",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position relearn required after rotation",
            "de": "Anlernen nach Reifentausch erforderlich"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "weak_signal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak sensor signal at receiver",
            "de": "Schwaches Sensorsignal am Empfänger"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          80
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          0.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0902",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TPMS Sensor 2 Battery",
        "de": "Reifendrucksensor 2 Batterie"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The tyre pressure monitoring system has detected that the battery in tyre pressure sensor 2 is low or depleted. TPMS sensors are battery-powered with a typical life of 5 to 10 years and must be replaced as a unit when the battery fails.",
        "de": "Das Reifendruckkontrollsystem hat erkannt, dass die Batterie des Reifendrucksensors 1 schwach oder leer ist. RDKS-Sensoren sind batteriebetrieben mit einer Lebensdauer von 5 bis 10 Jahren und müssen bei leerer Batterie als Einheit getauscht werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_sensor",
        "tpms_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tpms_sensor_battery_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPMS sensor battery depleted (end of life)",
            "de": "RDKS-Sensorbatterie am Lebensdauerende"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tpms_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor electronics failed",
            "de": "Sensorelektronik defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0903",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TPMS Sensor 2 Position Performance",
        "de": "RDKS-Sensor 2 Position Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The tire pressure monitoring receiver cannot reliably localize sensor 2 to a wheel position. Pressure values may be assigned to the wrong wheel until relearn is completed.",
        "de": "Der RDKS-Empfänger kann Sensor 2 keiner Radposition mehr zuverlässig zuordnen. Druckwerte werden bis zum erneuten Anlernen ggf. dem falschen Rad zugewiesen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_sensor",
        "tpms_receiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relearn_required",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position relearn required",
            "de": "Anlernen erforderlich"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "weak_signal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak sensor signal at receiver",
            "de": "Schwaches Sensorsignal am Empfänger"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          80
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          0.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0905",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TPMS Sensor 3 Battery Low",
        "de": "RDKS-Sensor 3 Batterie schwach"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TPMS receiver reports that the internal battery of sensor 3 is at end of life. The sensor must be replaced as the battery is sealed inside the housing.",
        "de": "Der RDKS-Empfänger meldet, dass die interne Batterie von Sensor 3 am Lebensdauerende ist. Der Sensor muss getauscht werden, da die Batterie im Gehäuse vergossen ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_sensor",
        "tpms_receiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tpms_battery_eol",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPMS sensor battery depleted",
            "de": "RDKS-Sensorbatterie am Lebensdauerende"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tpms_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor electronics failed",
            "de": "Sensorelektronik defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0907",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TPMS Sensor 4 Battery Low",
        "de": "RDKS-Sensor 4 Batterie schwach"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TPMS receiver reports that the internal battery of sensor 4 is at end of life. The sensor must be replaced as the battery is sealed inside the housing.",
        "de": "Der RDKS-Empfänger meldet, dass die interne Batterie von Sensor 4 am Lebensdauerende ist. Der Sensor muss getauscht werden, da die Batterie im Gehäuse vergossen ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_sensor",
        "tpms_receiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tpms_battery_eol",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPMS sensor battery depleted",
            "de": "RDKS-Sensorbatterie am Lebensdauerende"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tpms_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor electronics failed",
            "de": "Sensorelektronik defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0910",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TPMS Receiver Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "RDKS-Empfänger Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body or chassis module has detected a fault in the TPMS RF receiver — for example open antenna or internal failure. No tire pressure data can be received.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie- oder Fahrwerk-Steuergerät hat einen Fehler im RDKS-RF-Empfänger erkannt — z. B. unterbrochene Antenne oder interner Defekt. Es können keine Reifendruckdaten empfangen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_receiver",
        "antenna",
        "chassis_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "receiver_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPMS receiver failed",
            "de": "RDKS-Empfänger defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "antenna_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Antenna lead open or shorted",
            "de": "Antennenleitung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0912",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "TPMS Initiator Front Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "RDKS-Initiator vorne Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TPMS module has detected an electrical fault in the front low-frequency initiator (used to wake and locate sensors). Position learning of the front sensors fails.",
        "de": "Das RDKS-Steuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler im vorderen LF-Initiator (Wecken und Lokalisieren der Sensoren) erkannt. Das Anlernen der vorderen Sensoren schlägt fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_initiator",
        "tpms_module",
        "initiator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "initiator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "LF initiator coil failed",
            "de": "LF-Initiatorspule defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_or_connector_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0915",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Roll Stabilisation Front Actuator Circuit",
        "de": "Aktive Wankstabilisierung Aktor vorne Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front active anti-roll bar actuator reports an electrical fault.",
        "de": "Der Aktor des vorderen aktiven Stabilisators meldet einen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "roll_stabilisation_actuator_front",
        "roll_stabilisation_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator motor winding open",
            "de": "Aktor-Motorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic supply pressure low",
            "de": "Hydraulikversorgungsdruck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0916",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Roll Stabilisation Rear Actuator Circuit",
        "de": "Aktive Wankstabilisierung Aktor hinten Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rear active anti-roll bar actuator reports an electrical fault.",
        "de": "Der Aktor des hinteren aktiven Stabilisators meldet einen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "roll_stabilisation_actuator_rear",
        "roll_stabilisation_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator motor winding open",
            "de": "Aktor-Motorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic supply pressure low",
            "de": "Hydraulikversorgungsdruck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0920",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Suspension Control Module Internal Fault",
        "de": "Fahrwerks-Steuergeraet interner Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The suspension control module fails its internal self-test. Adaptive damping or air suspension is disabled.",
        "de": "Das Fahrwerks-Steuergeraet besteht den internen Selbsttest nicht. Adaptive Daempfung oder Luftfederung wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "suspension_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal failure",
            "de": "Steuergeraet intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0950",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor Front Left",
        "de": "Reifendruck-Sensor vorne links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TPMS sensor at the front left wheel does not transmit a valid signal. Indirect TPMS variants raise this when the wheel-speed-based estimation fails for that wheel.",
        "de": "Der TPMS-Sensor am linken Vorderrad sendet kein gueltiges Signal. Bei indirekten TPMS-Varianten wird der Code gesetzt, wenn die raddrehzahlbasierte Schaetzung fuer dieses Rad fehlschlaegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_sensor_fl",
        "tpms_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_battery_depleted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor battery depleted",
            "de": "Sensorbatterie leer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor damaged during tire change",
            "de": "Sensor beim Reifenwechsel beschaedigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0951",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor Front Right",
        "de": "Reifendruck-Sensor vorne rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TPMS sensor at the front right wheel does not transmit a valid signal.",
        "de": "Der TPMS-Sensor am rechten Vorderrad sendet kein gueltiges Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_sensor_fr",
        "tpms_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_battery_depleted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor battery depleted",
            "de": "Sensorbatterie leer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor damaged during tire change",
            "de": "Sensor beim Reifenwechsel beschaedigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0952",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor Rear Left",
        "de": "Reifendruck-Sensor hinten links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TPMS sensor at the rear left wheel does not transmit a valid signal.",
        "de": "Der TPMS-Sensor am linken Hinterrad sendet kein gueltiges Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_sensor_rl",
        "tpms_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_battery_depleted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor battery depleted",
            "de": "Sensorbatterie leer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor damaged during tire change",
            "de": "Sensor beim Reifenwechsel beschaedigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0953",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor Rear Right",
        "de": "Reifendruck-Sensor hinten rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TPMS sensor at the rear right wheel does not transmit a valid signal.",
        "de": "Der TPMS-Sensor am rechten Hinterrad sendet kein gueltiges Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_sensor_rr",
        "tpms_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_battery_depleted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor battery depleted",
            "de": "Sensorbatterie leer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor damaged during tire change",
            "de": "Sensor beim Reifenwechsel beschaedigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "C0960",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Tire Pressure Monitoring Module Internal Fault",
        "de": "TPMS-Steuergeraet interner Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The tire pressure monitoring module fails its internal self-test.",
        "de": "Das Reifendruckkontrollsystem-Steuergeraet besteht den internen Selbsttest nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal failure",
            "de": "Steuergeraet intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0001",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmengenregelventil A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an open circuit in the control of fuel volume regulator A (often the metering valve on the high-pressure fuel pump). The actuator does not respond, so rail pressure cannot be controlled accurately.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen unterbrochenen Schaltkreis am Kraftstoffmengenregelventil A (meist das Zumessventil der Hochdruckpumpe). Der Aktuator reagiert nicht, der Raildruck kann nicht geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_volume_regulator",
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "fvr_wiring",
        "fvr_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder abgezogener Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule im Regelventil unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver failed",
            "de": "Endstufe im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0002",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator A Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmengenregelventil A Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control signal of fuel volume regulator A is electrically present but the actual rail pressure does not follow the target value within tolerance. Indicates a mechanical or hydraulic issue rather than pure wiring.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal des Kraftstoffmengenregelventils A liegt elektrisch an, der tatsächliche Raildruck folgt jedoch nicht innerhalb der Toleranz. Hinweis auf ein mechanisches oder hydraulisches Problem statt reiner Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_volume_regulator",
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-pressure pump worn or leaking internally",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe verschlissen oder intern undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_sticking",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator valve sticking from contamination",
            "de": "Regelventil klemmt durch Verschmutzung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rail pressure sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Raildrucksensor liefert verschobenen Messwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0003",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmengenregelventil A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU sees the control voltage of fuel volume regulator A pulled below the expected range, typically a short to ground or a low-resistance fault in the wiring or coil.",
        "de": "Die Steuerspannung am Kraftstoffmengenregelventil A liegt unter dem Sollbereich. Meist Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder niederohmige Verkabelung/Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_volume_regulator",
        "fvr_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator coil internal short",
            "de": "Magnetspule mit Windungsschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0004",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmengenregelventil A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU sees the control voltage of fuel volume regulator A above the expected range, typically a short to power or open ground return.",
        "de": "Die Steuerspannung am Kraftstoffmengenregelventil A liegt über dem Sollbereich. Meist Kurzschluss gegen Plus oder unterbrochener Masserückleiter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_volume_regulator",
        "fvr_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open ground return path",
            "de": "Masserückleiter unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0005",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Shutoff Valve A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffabsperrventil A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit detected at the fuel shutoff valve A solenoid (used on diesels to stop fuel flow at engine-off and as anti-theft). Engine may not start or not stop cleanly.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Kraftstoffabsperrventil A (bei Dieseln zum Motorstopp und als Diebstahlschutz). Motor startet evtl. nicht oder läuft nach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_shutoff_valve",
        "shutoff_wiring",
        "shutoff_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wiring or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder loser Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutoff solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          70,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0006",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Shutoff Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffabsperrventil A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Control voltage of fuel shutoff valve A is below the expected range, typically caused by a short to ground or low-resistance fault in the solenoid circuit.",
        "de": "Die Steuerspannung am Kraftstoffabsperrventil A liegt unter dem Sollbereich. Meist Masseschluss oder niederohmiger Fehler im Magnetkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_shutoff_valve",
        "shutoff_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutoff solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Magnetspule mit Windungsschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          70,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0007",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Shutoff Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffabsperrventil A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Control voltage of fuel shutoff valve A is above the expected range, typically caused by a short to power or open ground return.",
        "de": "Die Steuerspannung am Kraftstoffabsperrventil A liegt über dem Sollbereich. Meist Plus-Schluss oder unterbrochene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_shutoff_valve",
        "shutoff_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open ground return path",
            "de": "Masserückleiter unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          70,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0008",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Position System Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Motorpositions-System Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an implausible relationship between crankshaft and camshaft signals on bank 1, indicating timing chain stretch, jumped tooth, or sensor reluctor wear.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine unplausible Lage zwischen Kurbel- und Nockenwellensignal auf Bank 1. Hinweis auf gelängte Steuerkette, übergesprungenen Zahn oder verschlissene Geberrad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "timing_chain",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "reluctor_ring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain stretched, guides worn",
            "de": "Steuerkette gelängt, Gleitschienen verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "jumped_tooth",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chain jumped one tooth",
            "de": "Kette um einen Zahn übergesprungen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_misalignment",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Crankshaft or camshaft sensor misaligned",
            "de": "Kurbel- oder Nockenwellensensor falsch sitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0009",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Position System Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Motorpositions-System Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same fault pattern as P0008 but on bank 2 of a V or boxer engine. Crank/cam correlation outside spec on the second cylinder bank.",
        "de": "Gleicher Fehler wie P0008, jedoch auf Bank 2 eines V- oder Boxermotors. Korrelation Kurbel/Nockenwelle Bank 2 außerhalb der Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "timing_chain",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "reluctor_ring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain bank 2 stretched",
            "de": "Steuerkette Bank 2 gelängt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "jumped_tooth",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chain jumped one tooth on bank 2",
            "de": "Kette auf Bank 2 übergesprungen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P000A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Slow Response Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenposition langsame Reaktion Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake camshaft phaser on bank 1 responds too slowly to commanded position changes. Often caused by VVT solenoid sticking, oil aging, or low oil pressure.",
        "de": "Der Einlass-Nockenwellenversteller auf Bank 1 reagiert zu langsam auf Sollwerte. Häufig durch klemmendes VVT-Magnetventil, Ölalterung oder zu geringen Öldruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vvt_solenoid_intake_bank1",
        "cam_phaser_intake",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vvt_solenoid_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VVT solenoid clogged with sludge",
            "de": "VVT-Magnetventil durch Schlamm verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure or wrong oil viscosity",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck oder falsche Viskosität"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phaser_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cam phaser worn internally",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller intern verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P000B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Slow Response Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenposition langsame Reaktion Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust camshaft phaser on bank 1 responds too slowly to commanded position changes. Same root causes as P000A but on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Der Auslass-Nockenwellenversteller auf Bank 1 reagiert zu langsam. Gleiche Ursachen wie P000A, jedoch an der Auslassnockenwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vvt_solenoid_exhaust_bank1",
        "cam_phaser_exhaust",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vvt_solenoid_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust VVT solenoid clogged",
            "de": "Auslass-VVT-Magnetventil verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phaser_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust cam phaser worn",
            "de": "Auslass-Nockenwellenversteller verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P000C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Slow Response Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenposition langsame Reaktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intake camshaft phaser on bank 2 responds too slowly. Same fault pattern as P000A on the second cylinder bank.",
        "de": "Einlass-Nockenwellenversteller auf Bank 2 reagiert zu langsam. Gleiches Muster wie P000A auf der zweiten Bank."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vvt_solenoid_intake_bank2",
        "cam_phaser_intake",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vvt_solenoid_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VVT solenoid clogged",
            "de": "VVT-Magnetventil verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P000D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Slow Response Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenposition langsame Reaktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust camshaft phaser on bank 2 responds too slowly. Same fault pattern as P000B on the second cylinder bank.",
        "de": "Auslass-Nockenwellenversteller auf Bank 2 reagiert zu langsam. Gleiches Muster wie P000B auf der zweiten Bank."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vvt_solenoid_exhaust_bank2",
        "cam_phaser_exhaust",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vvt_solenoid_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust VVT solenoid clogged",
            "de": "Auslass-VVT-Magnetventil verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phaser_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cam phaser worn",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P000E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator Control Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmengenregelung Adaptionsgrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU's adaptive correction of fuel volume regulator A has reached its learning limit. Indicates a long-term drift between commanded and actual rail pressure that could no longer be compensated.",
        "de": "Die Adaption der Kraftstoffmengenregelung hat ihre Lerngrenze erreicht. Hinweis auf eine länger anhaltende Abweichung zwischen Soll- und Ist-Raildruck, die nicht mehr kompensiert werden konnte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "fuel_volume_regulator",
        "fuel_filter",
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP pump worn out",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clogged_fuel_filter",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel filter clogged, restricted supply",
            "de": "Kraftstofffilter verstopft, Vorförderung gedrosselt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "leak_in_rail",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal leak (injector or rail)",
            "de": "Interne Leckage (Injektor oder Rail)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P000F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel System Over Pressure Relief Valve Activated",
        "de": "Kraftstoffsystem Überdruck-Sicherheitsventil ausgelöst"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The mechanical pressure relief valve on the fuel rail has opened due to overpressure. Indicates a malfunction of the rail pressure regulation that drove pressure beyond the safe limit.",
        "de": "Das mechanische Überdruckventil am Kraftstoffrail hat durch Überdruck geöffnet. Hinweis auf eine fehlerhafte Raildruck-Regelung, die den Druck über den Sicherheitswert getrieben hat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_relief_valve",
        "fuel_rail",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_regulator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Druckregelventil hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rail pressure sensor reading low",
            "de": "Raildrucksensor liefert zu niedrigen Wert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0010",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"A\" Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenversteller \"A\" Schaltung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault in the bank 1 intake camshaft position actuator solenoid (variable valve timing). The ECU monitors current and feedback on the oil control valve and sets this code when the circuit is open, shorted, or out of range.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Nockenwellenversteller-Magnetventil der Einlassnockenwelle Bank 1 (variable Ventilsteuerung). Die Motorsteuerung überwacht Strom und Rückmeldung des Ölsteuerventils und setzt diesen Code bei offenem, kurzgeschlossenem oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegendem Stromkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_control_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve electrically failed",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil elektrisch defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault to actuator",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler am Stellglied"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0011",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"A\" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenposition \"A\" — Steuerzeit zu früh oder Systemleistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 1 intake camshaft is more advanced than commanded, or the actuator does not respond as expected. Often caused by stuck-open oil control valves, sludge in VVT passages, or low oil pressure.",
        "de": "Die Einlassnockenwelle Bank 1 ist weiter als angefordert verstellt, oder das Stellglied reagiert nicht wie erwartet. Häufige Ursachen — hängendes Ölsteuerventil, Schlamm in VVT-Kanälen oder niedriger Öldruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_advance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck (advance position)",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil hängend (Verstellrichtung früh)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_sludge_vvt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sludge or debris in VVT oil passages",
            "de": "Schlamm oder Späne in VVT-Ölkanälen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low engine oil pressure or wrong oil viscosity",
            "de": "Niedriger Öldruck oder falsche Ölviskosität"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0012",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"A\" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenposition \"A\" — Steuerzeit zu spät (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 1 intake camshaft remains retarded compared to commanded position. Common causes include a stuck-closed oil control valve, blocked oil passages, or a worn cam phaser.",
        "de": "Die Einlassnockenwelle Bank 1 bleibt gegenüber dem Sollwert in Spätstellung. Häufige Ursachen — geschlossen hängendes Ölsteuerventil, verstopfte Ölkanäle oder verschlissener Phasensteller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "cam_phaser"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_retard",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck (retard position)",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil hängend (Verstellrichtung spät)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cam_phaser_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cam phaser internally worn",
            "de": "Phasensteller intern verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0011"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0013",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"B\" Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenversteller \"B\" Schaltung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the bank 1 exhaust camshaft position actuator solenoid. Same diagnostic principle as P0010 but on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Nockenwellenversteller-Magnetventil der Auslassnockenwelle Bank 1. Gleiche Diagnoselogik wie P0010, jedoch an der Auslassnockenwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve electrically failed",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil elektrisch defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0010"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0014",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"B\" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenposition \"B\" — Steuerzeit zu früh (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 1 exhaust camshaft is more advanced than commanded. Same root causes as P0011 but on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Die Auslassnockenwelle Bank 1 ist weiter als angefordert verstellt. Gleiche Grundursachen wie P0011, jedoch an der Auslassnockenwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "cam_phaser"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_advance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck (advance)",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil hängend (früh)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_sludge_vvt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sludge in VVT oil passages",
            "de": "Schlamm in VVT-Ölkanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0011"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0015",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"B\" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenposition \"B\" — Steuerzeit zu spät (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 1 exhaust camshaft remains retarded relative to commanded position. Same root causes as P0012 but on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Die Auslassnockenwelle Bank 1 bleibt gegenüber dem Sollwert in Spätstellung. Gleiche Grundursachen wie P0012, jedoch an der Auslassnockenwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "cam_phaser"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_retard",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck (retard)",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil hängend (spät)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cam_phaser_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cam phaser worn",
            "de": "Phasensteller verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0012"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0016",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 1 Sensor A)",
        "de": "Korrelation Kurbelwellen- zu Nockenwellenposition (Bank 1, Sensor A)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The relative timing between the crankshaft and bank 1 intake camshaft is outside the expected window. Often caused by a stretched timing chain, jumped tooth, worn tensioner, or failed cam/crank sensor.",
        "de": "Die relative Steuerzeit zwischen Kurbelwelle und Einlassnockenwelle Bank 1 liegt außerhalb des erwarteten Fensters. Häufige Ursachen — gelängte Steuerkette, übergesprungener Zahn, verschlissener Spanner oder defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "timing_chain",
        "timing_chain_tensioner",
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain stretched",
            "de": "Steuerkette gelängt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tensioner_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chain tensioner worn or stuck",
            "de": "Kettenspanner verschlissen oder hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cam_phaser_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cam phaser internally failed",
            "de": "Phasensteller intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0017",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 1 Sensor B)",
        "de": "Korrelation Kurbelwellen- zu Nockenwellenposition (Bank 1, Sensor B)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The relative timing between the crankshaft and bank 1 intake camshaft is outside the expected window. Often caused by a stretched timing chain, jumped tooth, worn tensioner, or failed cam/crank sensor.",
        "de": "Die relative Steuerzeit zwischen Kurbelwelle und Einlassnockenwelle Bank 1 liegt außerhalb des erwarteten Fensters. Häufige Ursachen — gelängte Steuerkette, übergesprungener Zahn, verschlissener Spanner oder defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "timing_chain",
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain stretched",
            "de": "Steuerkette gelängt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cam_phaser_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust cam phaser failed",
            "de": "Auslass-Phasensteller defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0016"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0018",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 2 Sensor A)",
        "de": "Korrelation Kurbelwellen- zu Nockenwellenposition (Bank 2, Sensor A)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The relative timing between the crankshaft and bank 2 intake camshaft is outside the expected window. Often caused by a stretched timing chain, jumped tooth, worn tensioner, or failed cam/crank sensor.",
        "de": "Die relative Steuerzeit zwischen Kurbelwelle und Einlassnockenwelle Bank 2 liegt außerhalb des erwarteten Fensters. Häufige Ursachen — gelängte Steuerkette, übergesprungener Zahn, verschlissener Spanner oder defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "timing_chain",
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain stretched (bank 2)",
            "de": "Steuerkette gelängt (Bank 2)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cam_phaser_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bank 2 cam phaser failed",
            "de": "Phasensteller Bank 2 defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0016"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0019",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position - Camshaft Position Correlation (Bank 2 Sensor B)",
        "de": "Korrelation Kurbelwellen- zu Nockenwellenposition (Bank 2, Sensor B)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The relative timing between the crankshaft and bank 2 intake camshaft is outside the expected window. Often caused by a stretched timing chain, jumped tooth, worn tensioner, or failed cam/crank sensor.",
        "de": "Die relative Steuerzeit zwischen Kurbelwelle und Einlassnockenwelle Bank 2 liegt außerhalb des erwarteten Fensters. Häufige Ursachen — gelängte Steuerkette, übergesprungener Zahn, verschlissener Spanner oder defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "timing_chain",
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain stretched",
            "de": "Steuerkette gelängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0016"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P001A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit/Open Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis unterbrochen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the camshaft profile actuator (intake, profile A, bank 1). Used by systems with discrete cam-lift levels (e.g. BMW Valvetronic, Honda VTEC, Audi AVS) — the actuator that selects the lift profile cannot be driven.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator (Einlass, Profil A, Bank 1). Bei Systemen mit umschaltbarem Ventilhub (z. B. BMW Valvetronic, Honda VTEC, Audi AVS) — die Hub-Umschaltung lässt sich nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator",
        "actuator_wiring",
        "actuator_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder loser Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator coil open",
            "de": "Aktuator-Spule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P001B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Low control voltage at the cam profile actuator (intake, profile A, bank 1). Typically a short to ground in the wiring or actuator coil.",
        "de": "Zu niedrige Steuerspannung am Profilaktuator (Einlass, Profil A, Bank 1). Meist Kurzschluss gegen Masse in Verkabelung oder Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator coil shorted internally",
            "de": "Aktuator-Spule mit Windungsschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P001C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Excessively high control voltage at the cam profile actuator (intake, profile A, bank 1). Typically a short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Zu hohe Steuerspannung am Profilaktuator (Einlass, Profil A, Bank 1). Meist Plus-Schluss oder unterbrochene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open ground return path",
            "de": "Masserückleiter unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P001D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit/Open Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis unterbrochen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the cam profile actuator (intake, profile A, bank 2). Same fault as P001A but on bank 2.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Profilaktuator (Einlass, Profil A, Bank 2). Wie P001A, jedoch Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator coil open",
            "de": "Aktuator-Spule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P001E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Low control voltage at the cam profile actuator (intake, profile A, bank 2). Same fault as P001B on bank 2.",
        "de": "Zu niedrige Steuerspannung am Profilaktuator (Einlass, Profil A, Bank 2). Wie P001B, jedoch Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P001F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Excessively high control voltage at the cam profile actuator (intake, profile A, bank 2). Same fault as P001C on bank 2.",
        "de": "Zu hohe Steuerspannung am Profilaktuator (Einlass, Profil A, Bank 2). Wie P001C, jedoch Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0020",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"A\" Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenversteller \"A\" Schaltung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the bank 2 intake camshaft position actuator. Same diagnostic principle as P0010 but on the second cylinder bank.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Einlass-Nockenwellenversteller Bank 2. Gleiche Diagnoselogik wie P0010, jedoch an der zweiten Zylinderbank."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve electrically failed",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil elektrisch defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0010"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0021",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"A\" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenposition \"A\" — Steuerzeit zu früh (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 2 intake camshaft is more advanced than commanded, or the actuator does not respond as expected. Often caused by stuck-open oil control valves, sludge in VVT passages, or low oil pressure.",
        "de": "Die Einlassnockenwelle Bank 2 ist weiter als angefordert verstellt, oder das Stellglied reagiert nicht wie erwartet. Häufige Ursachen — hängendes Ölsteuerventil, Schlamm in VVT-Kanälen oder niedriger Öldruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_advance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck (advance)",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil hängend (früh)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_sludge_vvt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sludge in VVT passages",
            "de": "Schlamm in VVT-Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0011"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0022",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"A\" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenposition \"A\" — Steuerzeit zu spät (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 2 intake camshaft remains retarded compared to commanded position. Common causes include a stuck-closed oil control valve, blocked oil passages, or a worn cam phaser.",
        "de": "Die Einlassnockenwelle Bank 2 bleibt gegenüber dem Sollwert in Spätstellung. Häufige Ursachen — geschlossen hängendes Ölsteuerventil, verstopfte Ölkanäle oder verschlissener Phasensteller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "cam_phaser"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_retard",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck (retard)",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil hängend (spät)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cam_phaser_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cam phaser worn",
            "de": "Phasensteller verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0012"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0023",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"B\" Camshaft Position Actuator Circuit (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenversteller \"B\" Schaltung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the bank 2 exhaust camshaft position actuator. Same diagnostic principle as P0013 but on the second cylinder bank.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Auslass-Nockenwellenversteller Bank 2. Gleiche Diagnoselogik wie P0013, jedoch an der zweiten Zylinderbank."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve electrically failed",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil elektrisch defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0013"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0024",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"B\" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Advanced (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenposition \"B\" — Steuerzeit zu früh (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 2 exhaust camshaft is more advanced than commanded. Same root causes as P0011 but on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Die Auslassnockenwelle Bank 2 ist weiter als angefordert verstellt. Gleiche Grundursachen wie P0011, jedoch an der Auslassnockenwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_advance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck (advance)",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil hängend (früh)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0014"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0025",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "\"B\" Camshaft Position - Timing Over-Retarded (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenposition \"B\" — Steuerzeit zu spät (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 2 exhaust camshaft remains retarded relative to commanded position. Same root causes as P0012 but on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Die Auslassnockenwelle Bank 2 bleibt gegenüber dem Sollwert in Spätstellung. Gleiche Grundursachen wie P0012, jedoch an der Auslassnockenwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "cam_phaser"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_retard",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck (retard)",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil hängend (spät)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0015"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0026",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Einlassventil-Steuermagnetventil — Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected that the bank 1 intake valve oil control solenoid does not respond as expected. Common causes are sludge in the oil passages, a sticking solenoid, or low oil pressure that prevents proper VVT phasing on the intake side.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass das Ölsteuerventil der Einlassnockenwelle Bank 1 nicht wie erwartet reagiert. Übliche Ursachen — Verschlammung der Ölkanäle, hängendes Magnetventil oder zu geringer Öldruck, der die Phasenverstellung der Einlassseite behindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_control_valve",
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_control_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil mechanisch hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_sludge",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sludge or debris in oil passages",
            "de": "Verschlammung oder Späne in den Ölkanälen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure or wrong oil viscosity",
            "de": "Niedriger Öldruck oder falsche Ölviskosität"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0027",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Abgasnockenwellen-Steuerventil Funktionsbereich Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects that the exhaust camshaft oil control valve on bank 1 does not respond to commanded duty cycle within expected limits. Camshaft phase deviates from target during phaser actuation tests.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass das Ölsteuerventil der Auslassnockenwelle Bank 1 nicht im erwarteten Bereich auf das angeforderte Tastverhältnis reagiert. Die Nockenwellenposition weicht vom Sollwert ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_camshaft_oil_control_valve",
        "camshaft_phaser",
        "engine_oil",
        "timing_chain"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve clogged with sludge",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil mit Schlamm verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure or wrong oil viscosity",
            "de": "Niedriger Öldruck oder falsche Ölviskosität"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phaser_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Camshaft phaser worn",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0028",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Einlassventil-Steuermagnetventil — Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected that the bank 2 intake valve oil control solenoid does not respond as expected. Common causes are sludge in the oil passages, a sticking solenoid, or low oil pressure that prevents proper VVT phasing on the intake side.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass das Ölsteuerventil der Einlassnockenwelle Bank 2 nicht wie erwartet reagiert. Übliche Ursachen — Verschlammung der Ölkanäle, hängendes Magnetventil oder zu geringer Öldruck, der die Phasenverstellung der Einlassseite behindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_control_valve",
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_control_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil mechanisch hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_sludge",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sludge or debris in oil passages",
            "de": "Verschlammung oder Späne in den Ölkanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0026"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0029",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Abgasnockenwellen-Steuerventil Funktionsbereich Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects that the exhaust camshaft oil control valve on bank 2 does not respond to commanded duty cycle within expected limits. Camshaft phase deviates from target during phaser actuation tests.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass das Ölsteuerventil der Auslassnockenwelle Bank 2 nicht im erwarteten Bereich auf das angeforderte Tastverhältnis reagiert. Die Nockenwellenposition weicht vom Sollwert ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_camshaft_oil_control_valve",
        "camshaft_phaser",
        "engine_oil",
        "timing_chain"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve clogged with sludge",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil mit Schlamm verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure or wrong oil viscosity",
            "de": "Niedriger Öldruck oder falsche Ölviskosität"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phaser_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Camshaft phaser worn",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P002A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit/Open Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis unterbrochen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the cam profile actuator on the exhaust cam (profile A, bank 1). Same diagnosis as P001A but for the exhaust profile actuator.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Profilaktuator der Auslassnockenwelle (Profil A, Bank 1). Wie P001A, jedoch Auslass."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator_exhaust",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator coil open",
            "de": "Aktuator-Spule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P002B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Low control voltage at the exhaust cam profile actuator (profile A, bank 1). Short to ground in wiring or coil.",
        "de": "Zu niedrige Steuerspannung am Auslass-Profilaktuator (Profil A, Bank 1). Masseschluss in Verkabelung oder Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator_exhaust",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P002C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Excessively high control voltage at the exhaust cam profile actuator (profile A, bank 1). Short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Zu hohe Steuerspannung am Auslass-Profilaktuator (Profil A, Bank 1). Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator_exhaust",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P002D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit/Open Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis unterbrochen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the exhaust cam profile actuator (profile A, bank 2). Same as P002A on bank 2.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Auslass-Profilaktuator (Profil A, Bank 2). Wie P002A, jedoch Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator_exhaust",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P002E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Low control voltage at the exhaust cam profile actuator (profile A, bank 2). Same as P002B on bank 2.",
        "de": "Zu niedrige Steuerspannung am Auslass-Profilaktuator (Profil A, Bank 2). Wie P002B, jedoch Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator_exhaust",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P002F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Excessively high control voltage at the exhaust cam profile actuator (profile A, bank 2). Same as P002C on bank 2.",
        "de": "Zu hohe Steuerspannung am Auslass-Profilaktuator (Profil A, Bank 2). Wie P002C, jedoch Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator_exhaust",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0030",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Schaltung (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault in the heater circuit of the upstream oxygen sensor on bank 1. The ECU monitors the heater current and resistance to ensure the sensor reaches operating temperature for closed-loop fueling.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Heizkreis der Vor-Katalysator-Lambdasonde Bank 1. Die Motorsteuerung überwacht Heizstrom und -widerstand, damit die Sonde die für den Lambda-Regelbetrieb nötige Betriebstemperatur erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open or burnt out",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen oder durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Heizungs-Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0031",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Stromkreis niedrig (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control line for the upstream bank 1 oxygen sensor reads below the expected voltage, typical of a short to ground or low driver current.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Heizung der Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung — typisch für einen Masseschluss oder zu geringen Treiberstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Heizungs-Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element internally shorted",
            "de": "Heizelement intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0030"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0032",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Stromkreis hoch (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control line for the upstream bank 1 oxygen sensor reads above the expected voltage, typical of a short to supply.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Heizung der Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung — typisch für einen Kurzschluss gegen Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Heizleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0030"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0033",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Bypass Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader-Bypassventil Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault in the turbocharger bypass (wastegate) valve control circuit. Voltage or current measured on the solenoid output deviates from expected values during commanded actuation.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Steuerkreis des Turbolader-Bypassventils (Wastegate). Spannung oder Strom am Magnetventilausgang weichen bei angesteuerter Betätigung vom Sollwert ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_bypass_valve",
        "wastegate_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass solenoid failed",
            "de": "Bypass-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring to solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss zum Magnetventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corrosion or poor contact",
            "de": "Steckerkorrosion oder schlechter Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0034",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Bypass Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader-Bypassventil Steuerkreis Signal niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bypass valve solenoid control circuit reports a voltage below threshold, indicating a short to ground or open driver. The ECU disables boost control until the fault clears.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Bypassventils meldet eine Spannung unterhalb des Schwellenwerts, was auf einen Kurzschluss nach Masse oder einen offenen Endstufentreiber hindeutet. Die Ladedruckregelung wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_bypass_valve",
        "wastegate_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0035",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Bypass Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader-Bypassventil Steuerkreis Signal hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bypass valve solenoid control circuit reports a voltage above threshold, indicating a short to power or open circuit. Boost control is disabled while the fault is active.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Bypassventils meldet eine Spannung oberhalb des Schwellenwerts, was auf einen Kurzschluss nach Plus oder eine Leitungsunterbrechung hindeutet. Die Ladedruckregelung wird deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_bypass_valve",
        "wastegate_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Bordnetzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in wiring or solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Verkabelung oder Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0036",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Schaltung (Bank 1, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault in the heater circuit of the upstream oxygen sensor on bank 1. The ECU monitors the heater current and resistance to ensure the sensor reaches operating temperature for closed-loop fueling.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Heizkreis der Vor-Katalysator-Lambdasonde Bank 1. Die Motorsteuerung überwacht Heizstrom und -widerstand, damit die Sonde die für den Lambda-Regelbetrieb nötige Betriebstemperatur erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater fuse blown",
            "de": "Heizungssicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0030"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0037",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Stromkreis niedrig (Bank 1, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control line for the upstream bank 1 oxygen sensor reads below the expected voltage, typical of a short to ground or low driver current.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Heizung der Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung — typisch für einen Masseschluss oder zu geringen Treiberstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Heizleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0031"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0038",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Stromkreis hoch (Bank 1, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control line for the upstream bank 1 oxygen sensor reads above the expected voltage, typical of a short to supply.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Heizung der Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung — typisch für einen Kurzschluss gegen Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wire shorted to supply",
            "de": "Heizleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0032"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0039",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve A Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypassventil A Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wastegate or bypass valve A on the turbo/supercharger does not respond mechanically as expected to its control signal. Boost pressure deviates from target.",
        "de": "Wastegate bzw. Bypassventil A am Turbolader/Kompressor reagiert mechanisch nicht wie erwartet. Ladedruck weicht vom Sollwert ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator",
        "bypass_valve",
        "boost_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate sticking from carbon",
            "de": "Wastegate hängt durch Verkokung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum/boost line leaking",
            "de": "Unterdruck-/Ladedruckleitung undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate actuator worn",
            "de": "Wastegate-Aktuator verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P003A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A Position Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung A Adaptionsgrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Adaptive learning of boost control actuator A position has hit its limit. Long-term mechanical drift (wastegate wear, linkage stretched) outside compensable range.",
        "de": "Adaptionswert der Ladedruck-Regelung A hat die Lerngrenze erreicht. Langfristige mechanische Drift (Wastegate-Verschleiß, Gestänge gelängt) außerhalb des Kompensationsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator",
        "turbocharger",
        "position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate actuator worn or sticking",
            "de": "Wastegate-Aktuator verschlissen oder klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage rod stretched or loose",
            "de": "Stellgestänge gelängt oder lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P003B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B Position Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung B Adaptionsgrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Adaptive learning of boost control actuator A position has hit its limit. Long-term mechanical drift (wastegate wear, linkage stretched) outside compensable range.",
        "de": "Adaptionswert der Ladedruck-Regelung A hat die Lerngrenze erreicht. Langfristige mechanische Drift (Wastegate-Verschleiß, Gestänge gelängt) außerhalb des Kompensationsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator_b",
        "turbocharger_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator B worn or sticking",
            "de": "Aktuator B verschlissen oder klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P003C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Performance/Stuck Off Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A klemmt in Aus-Stellung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake cam profile actuator (profile A, bank 1) does not engage when commanded — stays in low-lift profile. Often hydraulic pin sticking or low oil pressure.",
        "de": "Der Einlass-Profilaktuator (Profil A, Bank 1) schaltet bei Anforderung nicht zu — bleibt im Klein-Hub. Häufig hängender Hydraulikpin oder zu geringer Öldruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P003D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Stuck On Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A klemmt in Ein-Stellung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake cam profile actuator (profile A, bank 1) stays engaged when commanded off — stuck in high-lift profile. Idle quality and emissions affected.",
        "de": "Der Einlass-Profilaktuator (Profil A, Bank 1) bleibt zugeschaltet, obwohl Sollwert auf Aus — hängt im Groß-Hub. Beeinträchtigt Leerlauf und Emissionen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pin_stuck_engaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Locking pin stuck engaged",
            "de": "Verriegelungspin sitzt fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil klemmt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P003E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Performance/Stuck Off Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A klemmt in Aus-Stellung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake cam profile actuator (profile A, bank 2) does not engage when commanded — stays in low-lift profile. Often hydraulic pin sticking or low oil pressure.",
        "de": "Der Einlass-Profilaktuator (Profil A, Bank 2) schaltet bei Anforderung nicht zu — bleibt im Klein-Hub. Häufig hängender Hydraulikpin oder zu geringer Öldruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P003F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Stuck On Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A klemmt in Ein-Stellung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake cam profile actuator (profile A, bank 2) stays engaged when commanded off — stuck in high-lift profile. Idle quality and emissions affected.",
        "de": "Der Einlass-Profilaktuator (Profil A, Bank 2) bleibt zugeschaltet, obwohl Sollwert auf Aus — hängt im Groß-Hub. Beeinträchtigt Leerlauf und Emissionen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pin_stuck_engaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Locking pin stuck engaged",
            "de": "Verriegelungspin sitzt fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0040",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 1/Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "O2-Sensorsignale vertauscht Bank 1 Sensor 1/Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pre-cat oxygen sensors of bank 1 and bank 2 appear to be wired the wrong way around — bank 1 reacts when bank 2 should and vice versa. Typically after recent service.",
        "de": "Die Vorkatalysator-Lambdasonden von Bank 1 und Bank 2 sind offenbar vertauscht angeschlossen — Bank 1 reagiert auf Bank-2-Bedingungen und umgekehrt. Häufig nach Werkstattarbeit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s1",
        "o2_sensor_b2s1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensors_swapped",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensors swapped after recent replacement",
            "de": "Sensoren nach Tausch vertauscht angeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_routed_wrong",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring harness routed across banks",
            "de": "Kabelbaum bankübergreifend verlegt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0041",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 2/Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "O2-Sensorsignale vertauscht Bank 1 Sensor 2/Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The post-cat oxygen sensors of bank 1 and bank 2 appear to be wired the wrong way around — bank 1 reacts when bank 2 should and vice versa. Typically after recent service.",
        "de": "Die Nachkatalysator-Lambdasonden von Bank 1 und Bank 2 sind offenbar vertauscht angeschlossen — Bank 1 reagiert auf Bank-2-Bedingungen und umgekehrt. Häufig nach Werkstattarbeit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s2",
        "o2_sensor_b2s2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensors_swapped",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensors swapped after replacement",
            "de": "Sensoren nach Tausch vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0042",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Schaltkreis Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault in the heater control of the bank 1, sensor 3 oxygen sensor (typically a third sensor downstream of multi-stage cat or NOx trap).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Heizungsansteuerung der Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 3 (meist dritter Sensor hinter Mehrstufen-Kat oder NOx-Speicherkat)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s3_heater",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Heizungsverkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0043",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater control voltage of the bank 1, sensor 3 oxygen sensor is below the expected range — short to ground or low-resistance fault.",
        "de": "Heizungs-Steuerspannung der Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 3 unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss oder niederohmiger Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s3_heater",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Heizungsverkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0044",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater control voltage of the bank 1, sensor 3 oxygen sensor is above the expected range — short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Heizungs-Steuerspannung der Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 3 über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s3_heater",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Heizungsverkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0045",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the boost control solenoid/actuator A. The ECU cannot drive the wastegate or VGT vanes.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Ladedruck-Aktuator A. Wastegate oder VTG-Schaufeln können vom Steuergerät nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_solenoid",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder loser Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0046",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung A Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost control actuator A is electrically active but boost pressure deviates from target. Mechanical or hydraulic limitation.",
        "de": "Ladedruck-Aktuator A ist elektrisch aktiv, der Ladedruck weicht jedoch vom Sollwert ab. Mechanische oder hydraulische Begrenzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_solenoid",
        "wastegate",
        "vacuum_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum/boost line leak",
            "de": "Unterdruck-/Ladedruckleitung undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wastegate_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate sticking",
            "de": "Wastegate klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0047",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost control circuit A voltage below expected range — short to ground or low-resistance fault in solenoid wiring.",
        "de": "Spannung am Ladedruck-Schaltkreis A unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss oder niederohmiger Fehler in der Solenoid-Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_solenoid",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0048",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost control circuit A voltage above expected range — short to power or open ground in solenoid wiring.",
        "de": "Spannung am Ladedruck-Schaltkreis A über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse in der Solenoid-Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_solenoid",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0049",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger A Turbine Overspeed",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor A Turbinenüberdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger A turbine speed exceeded its safe limit. Risk of bearing damage and shaft fracture. Often caused by a stuck-closed wastegate or boost control fault.",
        "de": "Die Turbinendrehzahl des Turboladers A hat den Sicherheitswert überschritten. Risiko von Lager- und Wellenschaden. Häufig durch geschlossen klemmendes Wastegate oder Regelfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger",
        "wastegate",
        "turbine_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate stuck closed",
            "de": "Wastegate klemmt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "boost_control_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost control loop fault",
            "de": "Ladedruckregelkreis fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P004A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung B Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at boost control solenoid B (twin-turbo or two-stage system). Same diagnosis as P0045 on actuator B.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis am Ladedruck-Aktuator B (Twin-Turbo oder zweistufig). Wie P0045, jedoch Aktuator B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_solenoid_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P004B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung B Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost control B mechanical/hydraulic deviation from target. Same as P0046 on actuator B.",
        "de": "Mechanische/hydraulische Abweichung am Ladedruck-Aktuator B. Wie P0046, jedoch Aktuator B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_solenoid_b",
        "wastegate_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum/boost line leak",
            "de": "Unterdruck-/Ladedruckleitung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P004C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost control B circuit voltage below expected range. Same as P0047 on actuator B.",
        "de": "Spannung am Ladedruck-Schaltkreis B unter Sollbereich. Wie P0047, jedoch Aktuator B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_solenoid_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P004D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost control B circuit voltage above expected range. Same as P0048 on actuator B.",
        "de": "Spannung am Ladedruck-Schaltkreis B über Sollbereich. Wie P0048, jedoch Aktuator B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_solenoid_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P004E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent dropouts or noise on boost control A circuit. Loose connector, partial wiring break, or solenoid degrading.",
        "de": "Sporadische Aussetzer oder Störungen am Ladedruck-Schaltkreis A. Wackelkontakt, partieller Kabelbruch oder Solenoid in Verschlechterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_solenoid",
        "connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed inside loom",
            "de": "Kabelbaum scheuert intern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P004F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same intermittent fault pattern as P004E on boost control B.",
        "de": "Gleiches sporadisches Fehlermuster wie P004E auf Ladedruck-Schaltkreis B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_solenoid_b",
        "connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0050",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Schaltung (Bank 2, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault in the heater circuit of the upstream oxygen sensor on bank 2. The ECU monitors the heater current and resistance to ensure the sensor reaches operating temperature for closed-loop fueling.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Heizkreis der Vor-Katalysator-Lambdasonde Bank 2. Die Motorsteuerung überwacht Heizstrom und -widerstand, damit die Sonde die für den Lambda-Regelbetrieb nötige Betriebstemperatur erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0030"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0051",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Stromkreis niedrig (Bank 2, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control line for the upstream bank 2 oxygen sensor reads below the expected voltage, typical of a short to ground or low driver current.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Heizung der Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung — typisch für einen Masseschluss oder zu geringen Treiberstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Heizleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0031"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0052",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Stromkreis hoch (Bank 2, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control line for the upstream bank 2 oxygen sensor reads above the expected voltage, typical of a short to supply.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Heizung der Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung — typisch für einen Kurzschluss gegen Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wire shorted to supply",
            "de": "Heizleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0032"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0053",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Widerstand Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater resistance of the bank 1, sensor 1 oxygen sensor is outside its specified range. Sensor heater aging or short between heater and signal.",
        "de": "Der Heizungswiderstand der Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 1 liegt außerhalb der Spezifikation. Heizung gealtert oder Kurzschluss zwischen Heizung und Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged, resistance high",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert, Widerstand hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor failed",
            "de": "Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0054",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Widerstand Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater resistance of the bank 1, sensor 2 oxygen sensor is outside its specified range. Sensor heater aging or short between heater and signal.",
        "de": "Der Heizungswiderstand der Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 2 liegt außerhalb der Spezifikation. Heizung gealtert oder Kurzschluss zwischen Heizung und Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0055",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Widerstand Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater resistance of the bank 1, sensor 3 oxygen sensor is outside its specified range. Sensor heater aging or short between heater and signal.",
        "de": "Der Heizungswiderstand der Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 3 liegt außerhalb der Spezifikation. Heizung gealtert oder Kurzschluss zwischen Heizung und Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0056",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Schaltung (Bank 2, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault in the heater circuit of the upstream oxygen sensor on bank 2. The ECU monitors the heater current and resistance to ensure the sensor reaches operating temperature for closed-loop fueling.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Heizkreis der Vor-Katalysator-Lambdasonde Bank 2. Die Motorsteuerung überwacht Heizstrom und -widerstand, damit die Sonde die für den Lambda-Regelbetrieb nötige Betriebstemperatur erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0030"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0057",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Stromkreis niedrig (Bank 2, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control line for the upstream bank 2 oxygen sensor reads below the expected voltage, typical of a short to ground or low driver current.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Heizung der Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung — typisch für einen Masseschluss oder zu geringen Treiberstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Heizleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0031"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0058",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Stromkreis hoch (Bank 2, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control line for the upstream bank 2 oxygen sensor reads above the expected voltage, typical of a short to supply.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Heizung der Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung — typisch für einen Kurzschluss gegen Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wire shorted to supply",
            "de": "Heizleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0032"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0059",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Widerstand Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater resistance out of range on bank 2 sensor 1 (pre-cat). Same diagnostic as P0053 on the second bank.",
        "de": "Heizungswiderstand außerhalb des Bereichs an Bank 2 Sensor 1 (vor Kat). Gleiche Diagnose wie P0053, jedoch zweite Bank."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P005A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Performance/Stuck Off Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A klemmt in Aus-Stellung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust cam profile actuator A on bank 1 stuck disengaged. Same fault pattern as P003C but on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Auslass-Profilaktuator A auf Bank 1 bleibt aus. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie P003C, jedoch Auslass."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator_exhaust",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P005B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Stuck On Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A klemmt in Ein-Stellung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust cam profile actuator A on bank 1 stuck engaged. Same fault pattern as P003D on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Auslass-Profilaktuator A auf Bank 1 bleibt zugeschaltet. Wie P003D, jedoch Auslass."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator_exhaust",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pin_stuck_engaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Locking pin stuck engaged",
            "de": "Verriegelungspin sitzt fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P005C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Performance/Stuck Off Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A klemmt in Aus-Stellung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust cam profile actuator A on bank 2 stuck disengaged. Same fault pattern as P003C but on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Auslass-Profilaktuator A auf Bank 2 bleibt aus. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie P003C, jedoch Auslass."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator_exhaust",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P005D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator A Control Stuck On Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilaktuator A klemmt in Ein-Stellung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust cam profile actuator A on bank 2 stuck engaged. Same fault pattern as P003D on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Auslass-Profilaktuator A auf Bank 2 bleibt zugeschaltet. Wie P003D, jedoch Auslass."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_profile_actuator_exhaust",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pin_stuck_engaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Locking pin stuck engaged",
            "de": "Verriegelungspin sitzt fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P005E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung B Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage feeding boost control actuator B is below the expected range. Likely fuse, supply wiring or relay fault.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung des Ladedruck-Aktuators B unter Sollbereich. Wahrscheinlich Sicherung, Versorgungsleitung oder Relais defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_actuator_b_supply",
        "relay",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown or relay failed",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt oder Relais ausgefallen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P005F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung B Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage feeding boost control actuator B is above the expected range. Likely charging system overvoltage or wiring shorted to a higher potential.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung des Ladedruck-Aktuators B über Sollbereich. Wahrscheinlich Überspannung im Bordnetz oder Plus-Schluss auf höheres Potential."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_actuator_b_supply",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed (overvoltage)",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenregler defekt (Überspannung)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0060",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Widerstand Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater resistance out of range on bank 2 sensor 2 (post-cat). Same diagnostic as P0053 on second bank, post-cat.",
        "de": "Heizungswiderstand außerhalb des Bereichs an Bank 2 Sensor 2 (nach Kat). Wie P0053, jedoch zweite Bank, nach Kat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0061",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Resistance Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Widerstand Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater resistance out of range on bank 2 sensor 3.",
        "de": "Heizungswiderstand außerhalb des Bereichs an Bank 2 Sensor 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0062",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Schaltkreis Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault in the heater control of bank 2 sensor 3.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Heizungsansteuerung Bank 2 Sensor 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s3_heater",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0063",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater control voltage of bank 2 sensor 3 below the expected range.",
        "de": "Heizungs-Steuerspannung Bank 2 Sensor 3 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s3_heater",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Heizungsverkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0064",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater control voltage of bank 2 sensor 3 above the expected range.",
        "de": "Heizungs-Steuerspannung Bank 2 Sensor 3 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s3_heater",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Heizungsverkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0065",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Assisted Injector Control Range/Performance",
        "de": "Luftunterstützte Einspritzdüsen-Regelung Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The air-assist injector control system (used on some lean-burn or direct-injection engines to atomize fuel with air) shows a performance deviation from the expected behavior.",
        "de": "Das luftunterstützte Einspritzsystem (bei manchen Magerlauf- oder Direkteinspritzern zur Kraftstoffzerstäubung) zeigt eine Abweichung vom Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_assist_valve",
        "air_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clogged_air_passage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air passage clogged with carbon",
            "de": "Luftkanal durch Verkokung verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0066",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Assisted Injector Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Luftunterstützte Einspritzdüsen-Regelung Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Control voltage of the air-assist injector valve is below the expected range — short to ground or low-resistance fault.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung des Luftunterstützungsventils unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss oder niederohmiger Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_assist_valve",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0067",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Assisted Injector Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Luftunterstützte Einspritzdüsen-Regelung Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Control voltage of the air-assist injector valve is above the expected range — short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung des Luftunterstützungsventils über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_assist_valve",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0068",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "MAP/MAF - Throttle Position Correlation",
        "de": "Korrelation MAP/MAF und Drosselklappenstellung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects implausibility between throttle position and the airflow or intake manifold pressure measured. At a given throttle angle the air mass deviates beyond rationality limits.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Unplausibilität zwischen Drosselklappenstellung und gemessener Luftmasse oder Saugrohrdruck. Bei gegebenem Drosselklappenwinkel weicht die Luftmasse über Rationalitätsgrenzen hinaus ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "manifold_absolute_pressure_sensor",
        "intake_manifold",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak_large",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Large unmetered vacuum leak",
            "de": "Große Falschluftleckage"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_body_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle body dirty or sticking",
            "de": "Drosselklappe verschmutzt oder klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor drift",
            "de": "LMM-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0069",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure - Barometric Pressure Correlation",
        "de": "Korrelation Saugrohrdruck und Umgebungsdruck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "At engine cranking or key-on the intake manifold pressure should equal barometric pressure within tolerance. The ECU detects a deviation indicating sensor drift or vacuum line issues.",
        "de": "Beim Anlassen oder bei Zündung-Ein sollte der Saugrohrdruck dem Umgebungsdruck entsprechen. Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Abweichung, die auf Sensordrift oder Probleme an Unterdruckleitungen hindeutet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "manifold_absolute_pressure_sensor",
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "vacuum_hose"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "map_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAP sensor failed or drifted",
            "de": "MAP-Sensor defekt oder drift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_hose_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum hose to MAP sensor leaking",
            "de": "Unterdruckschlauch zum MAP-Sensor undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P006A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "MAP - Mass or Volume Air Flow Correlation Bank 1",
        "de": "MAP-Saugrohrdruck zu Luftmasse Korrelation Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The expected relationship between manifold absolute pressure (MAP) and mass airflow (MAF) on bank 1 is violated. One of the two sensors is reading incorrectly.",
        "de": "Die erwartete Beziehung zwischen Saugrohrdrucksensor (MAP) und Luftmassenmesser (MAF) auf Bank 1 ist verletzt. Einer der beiden Sensoren liest fehlerhaft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor contaminated",
            "de": "LMM verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake/vacuum leak",
            "de": "Saugrohr- oder Unterdruckleck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "map_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAP sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "MAP-Sensor mit verschobenem Messwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P006B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "MAP - Exhaust Pressure Correlation",
        "de": "MAP-Saugrohrdruck zu Abgasdruck Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The relationship between manifold absolute pressure and exhaust back pressure is implausible. One of the two pressure sensors is faulty or there is a major leak in either path.",
        "de": "Die Beziehung zwischen Saugrohrdruck und Abgasgegendruck ist unplausibel. Einer der beiden Drucksensoren ist defekt oder es liegt ein größeres Leck vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exhaust_pressure_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust back-pressure sensor faulty",
            "de": "Abgasgegendrucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_or_exhaust_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF or exhaust path leak",
            "de": "DPF- oder Abgaswegleckage"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P006C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "MAP - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Correlation",
        "de": "MAP-Saugrohrdruck zu Turbo-Eingangsdruck Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The relationship between manifold absolute pressure and turbocharger inlet pressure is implausible. Indicates a leak between turbo inlet and intake manifold or a sensor fault.",
        "de": "Die Beziehung zwischen Saugrohrdruck und Turbo-Eingangsdruck ist unplausibel. Hinweis auf Leck zwischen Turbo-Eingang und Saugrohr oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor",
        "charge_pipe"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charge_pipe_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge pipe leak between turbo and intake",
            "de": "Ladeluftrohr undicht zwischen Turbo und Ansaugung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P006D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Correlation Bank 1",
        "de": "Atmosphärendruck zu Turbo-Eingangsdruck Korrelation Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The relationship between barometric pressure and turbo inlet pressure (bank 1) is implausible — at engine off the two should match. Indicates an inlet sensor or barometric sensor fault.",
        "de": "Die Beziehung zwischen Atmosphärendruck und Turbo-Eingangsdruck (Bank 1) ist unplausibel — bei stehendem Motor sollten beide übereinstimmen. Hinweis auf Defekt am Eingangs- oder Atmosphärendrucksensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inlet_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Turbo inlet pressure sensor drifted",
            "de": "Turbo-Eingangsdrucksensor mit verschobenem Wert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P006E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung A Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage to boost control actuator A below expected range. Same as P005E but on actuator A.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung des Ladedruck-Aktuators A unter Sollbereich. Wie P005E, jedoch Aktuator A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_actuator_supply",
        "relay",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown or relay failed",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung oder Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P006F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Regelung A Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage to boost control actuator A above expected range. Same as P005F but on actuator A.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung des Ladedruck-Aktuators A über Sollbereich. Wie P005F, jedoch Aktuator A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_actuator_supply",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenregler defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0070",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit A",
        "de": "Außenlufttemperatursensor Schaltkreis A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault in the ambient air temperature sensor A circuit. Used by the ECU for cold-start corrections, climate logic, and intake-air calculations.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Außenlufttemperatursensor A. Wird vom Steuergerät für Kaltstart-Korrektur, Klimalogik und Ansauglufttemperatur-Berechnungen genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or connector loose",
            "de": "Verkabelung offen oder Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0071",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Außenlufttemperatursensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ambient air temperature reading is electrically valid but implausible compared to other temperature sources (intake air temp, coolant at cold start).",
        "de": "Der Wert des Außenlufttemperatursensors A ist elektrisch plausibel, aber unstimmig im Vergleich zu anderen Temperaturquellen (Ansaug, Kühlmittel bei Kaltstart)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Messwert des Sensors verschoben"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_location_heat",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor exposed to engine heat",
            "de": "Sensor wird durch Motorwärme erwärmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0072",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit A Low",
        "de": "Außenlufttemperatursensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ambient air temperature sensor A signal voltage below the expected range — typically a short to ground.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Außenlufttemperatursensors A unter Sollbereich — meist Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0073",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit A High",
        "de": "Außenlufttemperatursensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ambient air temperature sensor A signal voltage above the expected range — typically open circuit (broken wire or sensor) or short to power.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Außenlufttemperatursensors A über Sollbereich — meist Unterbrechung (Kabelbruch/Sensor) oder Plus-Schluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0074",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Außenlufttemperatursensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent dropouts or noise on the ambient air temperature sensor A signal — typically a loose connector or chafed wiring.",
        "de": "Sporadische Aussetzer oder Störungen am Signal des Außenlufttemperatursensors A — meist Wackelkontakt oder gescheuerter Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0075",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "Einlassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the intake-valve control solenoid for bank 1 (used to switch valve lift, deactivation or VVL profiles).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Einlassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Bank 1 (für Ventilhub-Umschaltung, Zylinderabschaltung oder VVL)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil failed",
            "de": "Magnetspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0076",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Einlassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intake valve solenoid bank 1 control voltage below expected range. Short to ground or low-resistance fault.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung am Einlassventil-Magnetventil Bank 1 unter Sollbereich. Masseschluss oder niederohmiger Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0077",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Einlassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intake valve solenoid bank 1 control voltage above expected range. Short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung am Einlassventil-Magnetventil Bank 1 über Sollbereich. Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0078",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "Auslassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the exhaust-valve control solenoid for bank 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Auslassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil failed",
            "de": "Magnetspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0079",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Auslassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust valve solenoid bank 1 control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung am Auslassventil-Magnetventil Bank 1 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P007A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the charge air cooler (intercooler) outlet temperature sensor on bank 1. Used to monitor intercooler effectiveness and to correct boost calculations.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor des Ladeluftkühlers (Intercoolers) Bank 1. Überwacht die Kühlerleistung und korrigiert Ladedruck-Berechnungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P007B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler temperature sensor reading on bank 1 is electrically valid but implausible — does not match expected behavior under load, ambient conditions or after long soak.",
        "de": "Wert des Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensors Bank 1 elektrisch plausibel, aber unstimmig — passt nicht zu Last, Umgebungstemperatur oder Standzeit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "intercooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P007C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler temperature sensor signal voltage on bank 1 below expected range. Typically a short to ground.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensors Bank 1 unter Sollbereich. Meist Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P007D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler temperature sensor signal voltage on bank 1 above expected range. Typically open circuit or short to power.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensors Bank 1 über Sollbereich. Meist Unterbrechung oder Plus-Schluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P007E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 1",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor sporadisch/unstetig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent dropouts or noise on the charge air cooler temperature sensor signal on bank 1.",
        "de": "Sporadische Aussetzer oder Störungen am Signal des Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensors Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P007F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Bank1/Bank2 Correlation",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Bank 1/Bank 2 Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge air cooler temperature sensors of bank 1 and bank 2 deviate from each other beyond plausible limits. One of the two has drifted.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensoren Bank 1 und Bank 2 weichen über das plausible Maß voneinander ab. Einer der beiden ist verschoben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor_b1",
        "cac_temperature_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0080",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Auslassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust valve solenoid bank 1 control voltage above expected range. Short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung am Auslassventil-Magnetventil Bank 1 über Sollbereich. Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0081",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Einlassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the intake-valve control solenoid for bank 2 (used to switch valve lift, deactivation or VVL profiles).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Einlassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Bank 2 (für Ventilhub-Umschaltung, Zylinderabschaltung oder VVL)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil failed",
            "de": "Magnetspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0082",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Einlassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intake valve solenoid bank 2 control voltage below expected range. Short to ground or low-resistance fault.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung am Einlassventil-Magnetventil Bank 2 unter Sollbereich. Masseschluss oder niederohmiger Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0083",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Einlassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intake valve solenoid bank 2 control voltage above expected range. Short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung am Einlassventil-Magnetventil Bank 2 über Sollbereich. Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0084",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Auslassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the exhaust-valve control solenoid for bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Auslassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil failed",
            "de": "Magnetspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0085",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Auslassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust valve solenoid bank 2 control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung am Auslassventil-Magnetventil Bank 2 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0086",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Valve Control Solenoid Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Auslassventilsteuerungs-Magnetventil Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust valve solenoid bank 2 control voltage above expected range. Short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung am Auslassventil-Magnetventil Bank 2 über Sollbereich. Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_valve_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0087",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail/System Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects fuel rail pressure below the desired setpoint despite maximum pump and metering valve commands. Common in direct injection diesel and gasoline systems where high-pressure pump or rail pressure regulator fails.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt Kraftstoffdruck unterhalb des Sollwerts trotz maximaler Pumpen- und Zumessventilansteuerung. Häufig bei Direkteinspritzern, wenn Hochdruckpumpe oder Druckregler defekt sind."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_rail",
        "fuel_filter",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hpfp_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-pressure fuel pump worn",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator stuck open",
            "de": "Druckregler offen klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel filter clogged",
            "de": "Kraftstofffilter verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking back",
            "de": "Injektor mit zu hoher Rücklaufmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0088",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail/System Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects fuel rail pressure above the desired setpoint and cannot reduce it through pressure regulator commands. Risk of injector damage and rail seal failure if not addressed.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt Kraftstoffdruck oberhalb des Sollwerts und kann ihn über den Druckregler nicht absenken. Risiko von Injektorschäden und undichten Dichtungen bei anhaltendem Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator stuck closed",
            "de": "Druckregler geschlossen klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rail pressure sensor drift",
            "de": "Drift des Raildrucksensors"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0089",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator 1 Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler 1 Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects that fuel rail pressure does not respond to commanded changes of the pressure regulator within expected dynamics. Indicates a sluggish or partially failed regulator.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass der Kraftstoffdruck nicht in der erwarteten Dynamik auf Stellbefehle des Druckreglers reagiert. Hinweis auf trägen oder teildefekten Regler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_rail",
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_sluggish",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator sluggish or partially blocked",
            "de": "Regler träge oder teilweise blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel contamination",
            "de": "Kraftstoffverunreinigung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P008A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Pressure Fuel System Pressure - Too Low",
        "de": "Niederdruck-Kraftstoffsystem Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The low-pressure (lift pump) fuel pressure is below the expected value. Insufficient supply to the high-pressure pump leads to power loss and possible HP pump cavitation.",
        "de": "Der Druck im Niederdruckkreis (Vorförderpumpe) liegt unter dem Sollwert. Mangelhafte Zufuhr zur Hochdruckpumpe führt zu Leistungsverlust und möglicher Kavitation der HD-Pumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lift_pump",
        "fuel_filter",
        "low_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clogged_filter",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel filter clogged",
            "de": "Kraftstofffilter verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lift_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lift pump weak or failing",
            "de": "Vorförderpumpe schwach oder defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "leak_in_low_pressure_line",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak or air ingress in low-pressure line",
            "de": "Leck oder Luftansaugung im Niederdruckkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P008B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Pressure Fuel System Pressure - Too High",
        "de": "Niederdruck-Kraftstoffsystem Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The low-pressure fuel pressure is above the expected value. Often caused by a stuck-closed fuel return valve or a faulty pressure regulator.",
        "de": "Der Druck im Niederdruckkreis liegt über dem Sollwert. Häufig durch geschlossen klemmendes Rücklaufventil oder defekten Druckregler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_return_valve",
        "low_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator stuck closed",
            "de": "Druckregler hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "return_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return line blocked",
            "de": "Rücklauf blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P008C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Cooler Pump Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffkühlerpumpe Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the fuel cooler pump control. The pump that circulates fuel through a cooler (used on diesels and some hot-fuel applications) cannot be driven.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Kraftstoffkühlerpumpe. Die Pumpe, die Kraftstoff durch einen Kühler fördert (bei Dieseln und heißen Anwendungen), lässt sich nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cooler_pump",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder loser Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor open",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P008D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Cooler Pump Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffkühlerpumpe Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Control voltage of the fuel cooler pump is below the expected range — short to ground or low-resistance fault.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung der Kraftstoffkühlerpumpe unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss oder niederohmiger Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cooler_pump",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P008E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Cooler Pump Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffkühlerpumpe Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Control voltage of the fuel cooler pump is above the expected range — short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung der Kraftstoffkühlerpumpe über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cooler_pump",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P008F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature/Fuel Temperature Correlation",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur zu Kraftstofftemperatur Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine coolant temperature and fuel temperature readings are inconsistent — at long soak both should be near ambient and converge under load. One sensor has drifted.",
        "de": "Kühlmittel- und Kraftstofftemperatur sind nicht stimmig — nach längerer Standzeit sollten beide nahe Umgebungstemperatur liegen und sich unter Last angleichen. Ein Sensor ist verschoben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_temp_sensor",
        "fuel_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One temperature sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Temperatursensoren liefert verschobenen Messwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0090",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at fuel pressure regulator A. The actuator that controls rail pressure cannot be driven.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Kraftstoffdruckregler A. Der Aktuator zur Raildruckregelung kann nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "regulator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder loser Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator solenoid open",
            "de": "Druckregler-Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0091",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator A control voltage below expected range — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung am Kraftstoffdruckregler A unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "regulator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0092",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator A control voltage above expected range — short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung am Kraftstoffdruckregler A über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "regulator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0093",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel System Leak Detected - Large Leak",
        "de": "Kraftstoffsystem-Leckage erkannt - großes Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected a large leak in the fuel system. Rail pressure cannot be maintained, often visible as fuel odor or visible drips.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung hat ein großes Leck im Kraftstoffsystem erkannt. Raildruck kann nicht gehalten werden, oft als Kraftstoffgeruch oder sichtbarer Austritt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_lines",
        "fuel_rail",
        "injector_seals"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_line_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel line cracked or fitting loose",
            "de": "Kraftstoffleitung gerissen oder Verschraubung locker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_o_ring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector O-ring failed",
            "de": "Injektor-O-Ring defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0094",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel System Leak Detected - Small Leak",
        "de": "Kraftstoffsystem-Leckage erkannt - kleines Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A small fuel system leak detected by long-term pressure drop pattern. Often a slowly weeping injector or hairline crack in a fitting.",
        "de": "Kleines Leck im Kraftstoffsystem über Langzeit-Druckabfallmuster erkannt. Häufig ein leicht tropfender Injektor oder Haarriss an einer Verschraubung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_lines",
        "injector_seals"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weeping_injector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seal slowly leaking",
            "de": "Injektor-Dichtung tropft langsam"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0095",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on intake air temperature sensor 2 (typically post-intercooler) on bank 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 (meist nach Ladeluftkühler) Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0096",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 2 reading on bank 1 is electrically valid but implausible — does not match other temperature sources or expected behavior.",
        "de": "Wert des IAT-Sensors 2 Bank 1 elektrisch plausibel, aber unstimmig — passt nicht zu anderen Temperaturquellen oder erwartetem Verhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0097",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 2 bank 1 signal voltage below expected range — short to ground.",
        "de": "Signalspannung IAT-Sensor 2 Bank 1 unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0098",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 2 bank 1 signal voltage above expected range — open circuit or short to power.",
        "de": "Signalspannung IAT-Sensor 2 Bank 1 über Sollbereich — Unterbrechung oder Plus-Schluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0099",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 sporadisch/unstetig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent dropouts or noise on IAT sensor 2 bank 1 signal.",
        "de": "Sporadische Aussetzer oder Störungen am Signal des IAT-Sensors 2 Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P009A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature/Ambient Air Temperature Correlation",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatur zu Außenlufttemperatur Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intake air temperature and ambient air temperature readings deviate beyond plausible limits — at engine off both should match within tolerance.",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatur und Außenlufttemperatur weichen über plausibles Maß ab — bei stehendem Motor sollten beide übereinstimmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor",
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P009B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Relief Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Druckentlastung Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at fuel pressure relief solenoid (used to bleed off rail pressure during certain operating modes).",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Druckentlastungs-Magnetventil (entlastet den Raildruck in bestimmten Betriebsmodi)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_relief_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P009C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Relief Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Druckentlastung Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure relief solenoid control voltage below expected range — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Druckentlastungs-Magnetventil unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_relief_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P009D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Relief Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Druckentlastung Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure relief solenoid control voltage above expected range — short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Druckentlastungs-Magnetventil über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_relief_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P009E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Relief Control Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Druckentlastung Leistung/klemmt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure relief solenoid does not relieve pressure when commanded — stuck closed.",
        "de": "Druckentlastungs-Magnetventil entlastet den Druck bei Anforderung nicht — klemmt geschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_relief_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck closed by contamination",
            "de": "Magnetventil durch Verschmutzung geschlossen klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P009F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Relief Control Stuck On",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Druckentlastung klemmt zugeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure relief solenoid stays open when not commanded — rail pressure cannot build up properly.",
        "de": "Druckentlastungs-Magnetventil bleibt offen, obwohl nicht angesteuert — Raildruck kann nicht richtig aufgebaut werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_relief_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open",
            "de": "Magnetventil hängt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on charge air cooler temperature sensor on bank 2. Same as P007A on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Bank 2. Wie P007A, jedoch Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC temperature sensor reading on bank 2 implausible. Same as P007B on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wert des CAC-Temperatursensors Bank 2 unstimmig. Wie P007B, jedoch Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler temperature sensor signal voltage on bank 2 below expected range. Typically a short to ground.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensors Bank 2 unter Sollbereich. Meist Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler temperature sensor signal voltage on bank 2 above expected range. Typically open circuit or short to power.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensors Bank 2 über Sollbereich. Meist Unterbrechung oder Plus-Schluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 2",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor sporadisch/unstetig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent dropouts or noise on the charge air cooler temperature sensor signal on bank 2.",
        "de": "Sporadische Aussetzer oder Störungen am Signal des Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensors Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on intake air temperature sensor 2 (typically post-intercooler) on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 (meist nach Ladeluftkühler) Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 2 reading on bank 2 is electrically valid but implausible — does not match other temperature sources or expected behavior.",
        "de": "Wert des IAT-Sensors 2 Bank 2 elektrisch plausibel, aber unstimmig — passt nicht zu anderen Temperaturquellen oder erwartetem Verhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 2 bank 2 signal voltage below expected range — short to ground.",
        "de": "Signalspannung IAT-Sensor 2 Bank 2 unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 2 bank 2 signal voltage above expected range — open circuit or short to power.",
        "de": "Signalspannung IAT-Sensor 2 Bank 2 über Sollbereich — Unterbrechung oder Plus-Schluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 sporadisch/unstetig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent dropouts or noise on IAT sensor 2 bank 2 signal.",
        "de": "Sporadische Aussetzer oder Störungen am Signal des IAT-Sensors 2 Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1 Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on intake air temperature sensor 1 (typically pre-intercooler) on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1 (meist vor Ladeluftkühler) Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1 Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 1 reading on bank 2 implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des IAT-Sensors 1 Bank 2 unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1 Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 1 bank 2 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung IAT-Sensor 1 Bank 2 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1 Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 1 bank 2 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung IAT-Sensor 1 Bank 2 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Intermittent Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1 sporadisch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from IAT sensor 1 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal des IAT-Sensors 1 Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A Module Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruckregelmodul A Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated boost control module A reports a performance fault — internal driver, sensor or self-diagnostic flagged an issue.",
        "de": "Das dedizierte Ladedruck-Steuermodul A meldet einen Leistungsfehler — interne Endstufe, Sensor oder Eigendiagnose hat einen Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost control module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Steuermodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B Module Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruckregelmodul B Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated boost control module A reports a performance fault — internal driver, sensor or self-diagnostic flagged an issue.",
        "de": "Das dedizierte Ladedruck-Steuermodul B meldet einen Leistungsfehler — interne Endstufe, Sensor oder Eigendiagnose hat einen Fehler erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module B internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Modul B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Radiator Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Kühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault at the radiator coolant temperature sensor (downstream of radiator, used for thermostat diagnosis).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor (nach Kühler, für Thermostat-Diagnose)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radiator_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Radiator Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Radiator coolant sensor reading implausible compared to engine coolant or expected behavior.",
        "de": "Kühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor liefert Wert, der unstimmig zu Motor-Kühlmittel oder erwartetem Verhalten ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radiator_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "thermostat"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck open",
            "de": "Thermostat hängt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Radiator Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Radiator coolant temperature sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Kühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radiator_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Radiator Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Radiator coolant temperature sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Kühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radiator_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Radiator Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Kühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from radiator coolant temperature sensor.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Kühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radiator_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Radiator Coolant Temperature/Engine Coolant Temperature Correlation",
        "de": "Kühler-/Motor-Kühlmitteltemperatur Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Difference between radiator outlet and engine coolant temperatures is implausible — typically indicates a stuck thermostat.",
        "de": "Differenz zwischen Kühlerausgang und Motor-Kühlmitteltemperatur unstimmig — meist Hinweis auf hängendes Thermostat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermostat",
        "radiator_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "engine_coolant_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck open (slow warm-up)",
            "de": "Thermostat hängt offen (langsames Warmlaufen)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Low/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Durchfluss niedrig/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant flow through the engine is below the expected level. Risk of overheating.",
        "de": "Kühlmitteldurchfluss durch den Motor unter dem Sollwert. Überhitzungsrisiko."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_pump",
        "coolant_lines",
        "thermostat"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "water_pump_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water pump impeller broken or worn",
            "de": "Wasserpumpen-Impeller gebrochen oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blockage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant passage blocked",
            "de": "Kühlmittelweg blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "MAP - Mass or Volume Air Flow Correlation Bank 2",
        "de": "MAP-Saugrohrdruck zu Luftmasse Korrelation Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The expected relationship between manifold absolute pressure (MAP) and mass airflow (MAF) on bank 2 is violated. One of the two sensors is reading incorrectly.",
        "de": "Die erwartete Beziehung zwischen Saugrohrdrucksensor (MAP) und Luftmassenmesser (MAF) auf Bank 2 ist verletzt. Einer der beiden Sensoren liest fehlerhaft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor contaminated",
            "de": "LMM verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake or vacuum leak",
            "de": "Saugrohr- oder Unterdruckleck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Pressure Fuel System Pressure - Too Low. Low Ambient Temperature",
        "de": "Niederdruck-Kraftstoffsystem Druck zu niedrig (kalte Außentemperatur)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Low-pressure fuel circuit pressure below target under cold ambient conditions. Often diesel waxing or gelled fuel filter.",
        "de": "Druck im Niederdruckkreis unter Sollwert bei kalter Außentemperatur. Häufig Dieselparaffinierung oder geliertes Filterelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_filter",
        "lift_pump",
        "low_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_gelled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel waxing in cold weather",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Paraffinierung bei Kälte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Fuel Pressure - Forced Limited Power",
        "de": "Niedriger Kraftstoffdruck - erzwungene Leistungsbegrenzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure too low — ECU has activated forced power reduction (limp mode) to protect the fuel system.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruck zu niedrig — Steuergerät hat zum Schutz des Kraftstoffsystems eine Leistungsbegrenzung (Notlauf) aktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "fuel_filter",
        "lift_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP pump worn",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Insufficient Flow - Forced Limited Power",
        "de": "Einspritzdüse Durchfluss unzureichend - erzwungene Leistungsbegrenzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "One or more injectors deliver less fuel than commanded — ECU has activated forced power reduction.",
        "de": "Ein oder mehrere Injektoren liefern weniger Kraftstoff als angefordert — Notlauf zur Leistungsbegrenzung aktiv."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector nozzle clogged or worn",
            "de": "Injektordüse verstopft oder verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Range/Performance - Air Flow Too Low",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser A Bereich/Leistung - Luftstrom zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "MAF sensor A reads air flow lower than physically expected for the operating point. Often contaminated MAF or large vacuum leak after the MAF.",
        "de": "LMM A meldet einen geringeren Luftmassenstrom als bei diesem Betriebspunkt physikalisch erwartet. Häufig verschmutzter LMM oder größeres Leck nach dem LMM."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF element contaminated",
            "de": "LMM-Hitzdraht verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow A Circuit Range/Performance - Air Flow Too High",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser A Bereich/Leistung - Luftstrom zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "MAF sensor A reads air flow higher than physically expected — sensor drift to high or signal noise.",
        "de": "LMM A meldet einen höheren Luftmassenstrom als physikalisch erwartet — Sensordrift nach oben oder Signalstörung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF reading drifted high",
            "de": "LMM-Wert nach oben verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow B Circuit Range/Performance - Air Flow Too Low",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser B Bereich/Leistung - Luftstrom zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "MAF sensor A reads air flow lower than physically expected for the operating point. Often contaminated MAF or large vacuum leak after the MAF.",
        "de": "LMM A meldet einen geringeren Luftmassenstrom als bei diesem Betriebspunkt physikalisch erwartet. Häufig verschmutzter LMM oder größeres Leck nach dem LMM."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF B contaminated",
            "de": "LMM B verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow B Circuit Range/Performance - Air Flow Too High",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser B Bereich/Leistung - Luftstrom zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "MAF sensor A reads air flow higher than physically expected — sensor drift to high or signal noise.",
        "de": "LMM A meldet einen höheren Luftmassenstrom als physikalisch erwartet — Sensordrift nach oben oder Signalstörung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF B reading drifted high",
            "de": "LMM B-Wert nach oben verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Control Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypassventil B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on bypass valve B control. Same family as P0039 on actuator B.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Ansteuerung des Bypassventils B. Wie P0039, jedoch Aktuator B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid failed",
            "de": "Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypassventil B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bypass valve B control voltage below expected range — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Bypassventil B unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypassventil B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bypass valve B control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Bypassventil B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypassventil B Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bypass valve B does not respond to commands as expected. Mechanical issue.",
        "de": "Bypassventil B reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß auf Anforderungen. Mechanisches Problem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve sticking from carbon",
            "de": "Ventil hängt durch Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B - Mechanical",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypassventil B - mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mechanical fault detected at bypass valve B — broken linkage, jammed valve, or seized actuator rod.",
        "de": "Mechanischer Fehler am Bypassventil B — gebrochenes Gestänge, festsitzendes Ventil oder festgefressene Stelleinheit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_b",
        "linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage broken or seized",
            "de": "Gestänge gebrochen oder festgefressen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger B Turbine Overspeed",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor B Turbinenüberdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbocharger B turbine speed exceeded its safe limit. Same as P0049 on turbo B.",
        "de": "Turbinendrehzahl von Turbolader B hat den Sicherheitswert überschritten. Wie P0049, jedoch Turbo B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b",
        "wastegate_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate B stuck closed",
            "de": "Wastegate B klemmt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Too Low - Engine Cranking Bank 1",
        "de": "Raildruck zu niedrig beim Anlassen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During engine cranking on bank 1, fuel rail pressure does not reach the level needed for start. Hard or no-start condition.",
        "de": "Beim Anlassen auf Bank 1 erreicht der Raildruck nicht den notwendigen Startwert. Schwer- oder Nichtstart-Symptom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "fuel_filter",
        "lift_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP pump worn",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clogged_filter",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel filter clogged",
            "de": "Kraftstofffilter verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Pressure Measurement System - Multiple Sensor Correlation Bank 1",
        "de": "Saugrohrdruck-Messsystem - Multi-Sensor Korrelation Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Multiple intake air pressure sensors on bank 1 disagree with each other beyond the plausible deviation. One has drifted.",
        "de": "Mehrere Saugrohrdrucksensoren auf Bank 1 weichen über das plausible Maß voneinander ab. Einer ist verschoben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "boost_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A Solenoid Supply Voltage Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A Magnet-Versorgungsspannung Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the supply voltage feed to the fuel pressure regulator A solenoid.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsspannung zum Kraftstoffdruckregler A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "regulator_supply",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring open",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A Solenoid Supply Voltage Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A Magnet-Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage to fuel pressure regulator A solenoid below expected range — fuse, relay or wiring fault.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung zum Kraftstoffdruckregler A unter Sollbereich — Sicherung, Relais oder Verkabelung defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "regulator_supply",
        "fuse",
        "relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown or relay failed",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung oder Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A Solenoid Supply Voltage Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A Magnet-Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage to fuel pressure regulator A solenoid above expected range — typically charging system overvoltage.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung zum Kraftstoffdruckregler A über Sollbereich — meist Überspannung im Bordnetz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "regulator_supply",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenregler defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator Solenoid Supply Voltage Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmengenregelventil Magnet-Versorgungsspannung unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the supply voltage feed to the fuel volume regulator solenoid.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsspannung zum Kraftstoffmengenregelventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fvr_supply",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wiring open",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator Solenoid Supply Voltage Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmengenregelventil Magnet-Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage to fuel volume regulator solenoid below expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung zum Mengenregelventil unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fvr_supply",
        "fuse",
        "relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown or relay failed",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung oder Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator Solenoid Supply Voltage Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmengenregelventil Magnet-Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage to fuel volume regulator solenoid above expected range.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung zum Mengenregelventil über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fvr_supply",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenregler defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Measurement System - Multiple Sensor Correlation Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatur-Messsystem - Multi-Sensor Korrelation Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Multiple intake air temperature sensors on bank 1 disagree beyond plausible limits.",
        "de": "Mehrere Ansauglufttemperatursensoren auf Bank 1 weichen über das plausible Maß ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_1",
        "iat_sensor_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure - Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor A Correlation",
        "de": "Atmosphärendruck zu Ladedrucksensor A Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric pressure and boost sensor A readings disagree at engine off — they should match without boost.",
        "de": "Atmosphärendruck und Ladedrucksensor A weichen bei stehendem Motor ab — bei fehlendem Ladedruck sollten sie übereinstimmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "boost_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure - Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor B Correlation",
        "de": "Atmosphärendruck zu Ladedrucksensor B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric pressure and boost sensor B readings disagree at engine off — they should match without boost.",
        "de": "Atmosphärendruck und Ladedrucksensor B weichen bei stehendem Motor ab — bei fehlendem Ladedruck sollten sie übereinstimmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Bereich/Leistung Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater control of bank 1 sensor 1 is electrically OK but does not heat the sensor as expected — element aged or wiring resistance high.",
        "de": "Heizung Bank 1 Sensor 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, heizt jedoch nicht erwartungsgemäß — Element gealtert oder Übergangswiderstand zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Bereich/Leistung Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater control of bank 1 sensor 2 is electrically OK but does not heat the sensor as expected — element aged or wiring resistance high.",
        "de": "Heizung Bank 1 Sensor 2 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, heizt jedoch nicht erwartungsgemäß — Element gealtert oder Übergangswiderstand zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Bereich/Leistung Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater control of bank 2 sensor 1 is electrically OK but does not heat the sensor as expected — element aged or wiring resistance high.",
        "de": "Heizung Bank 2 Sensor 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, heizt jedoch nicht erwartungsgemäß — Element gealtert oder Übergangswiderstand zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Heater Control Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasondenheizung Bereich/Leistung Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heater control of bank 2 sensor 2 is electrically OK but does not heat the sensor as expected — element aged or wiring resistance high.",
        "de": "Heizung Bank 2 Sensor 2 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, heizt jedoch nicht erwartungsgemäß — Element gealtert oder Übergangswiderstand zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Sensor Correlation Bank 1 Sensor 1/Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Korrelation Bank 1 Sensor 1/Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre- and post-cat oxygen sensors on bank 1 do not correlate as expected — typical sign of catalyst inefficiency or one failed sensor.",
        "de": "Vor- und Nachkat-Lambdasonden Bank 1 korrelieren nicht erwartungsgemäß — typisches Zeichen für Kat-Wirkungsverlust oder defekten Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s1",
        "o2_sensor_b1s2",
        "catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Katalysator gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HO2S Sensor Correlation Bank 2 Sensor 1/Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Korrelation Bank 2 Sensor 1/Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre- and post-cat oxygen sensors on bank 2 do not correlate as expected — typical sign of catalyst inefficiency or one failed sensor.",
        "de": "Vor- und Nachkat-Lambdasonden Bank 2 korrelieren nicht erwartungsgemäß — typisches Zeichen für Kat-Wirkungsverlust oder defekten Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s1",
        "o2_sensor_b2s2",
        "catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Katalysator gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve A Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypassventil A Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bypass valve A temperature exceeded its safe limit — heat soak from prolonged high-load operation.",
        "de": "Temperatur am Bypassventil A hat den Sicherheitswert überschritten — Wärmestau nach längerem Volllastbetrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_a",
        "intercooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling system not adequately removing heat",
            "de": "Kühlsystem führt nicht ausreichend Wärme ab"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypassventil B Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bypass valve A temperature exceeded its safe limit — heat soak from prolonged high-load operation.",
        "de": "Temperatur am Bypassventil A hat den Sicherheitswert überschritten — Wärmestau nach längerem Volllastbetrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_b",
        "intercooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling system inadequate",
            "de": "Kühlsystem unzureichend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit B",
        "de": "Außenlufttemperatursensor Schaltkreis B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on ambient air temperature sensor B (second sensor for redundancy or second measurement location).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Außenlufttemperatursensor B (zweiter Sensor für Redundanz oder andere Messstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Außenlufttemperatursensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ambient air temperature sensor B reading implausible compared to other sources.",
        "de": "Wert des Außenlufttemperatursensors B unstimmig im Vergleich zu anderen Quellen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit B Low",
        "de": "Außenlufttemperatursensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ambient air temp sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Außenlufttemperatursensor B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit B High",
        "de": "Außenlufttemperatursensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ambient air temp sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Außenlufttemperatursensor B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ambient Air Temperature Sensor Circuit B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Außenlufttemperatursensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from ambient air temp sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Außenlufttemperatursensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault at the charge air cooler coolant temperature sensor A (water-cooled CAC system).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatursensor A des Ladeluftkühlers (wassergekühlter LLK)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC coolant temp sensor A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des CAC-Kühlmittelsensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_temp_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC coolant temp sensor A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung CAC-Kühlmittelsensor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC coolant temp sensor A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung CAC-Kühlmittelsensor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Sensor A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from CAC coolant temp sensor A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom CAC-Kühlmittelsensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Exhaust Bypass Valve A Stuck Open",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil A klemmt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust heat exchanger bypass valve A is stuck open. Engine warms up too slowly because exhaust does not heat the heat exchanger.",
        "de": "Das Bypassventil A des Abgaswärmetauschers klemmt offen. Motor erwärmt sich zu langsam, weil Abgas den Wärmetauscher nicht aufheizt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_a",
        "heat_exchanger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open by carbon",
            "de": "Ventil offen klemmend durch Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Exhaust Bypass Valve A Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil A klemmt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust heat exchanger bypass valve A is stuck closed. Risk of overheating because exhaust always passes through the heat exchanger.",
        "de": "Das Bypassventil A des Abgaswärmetauschers klemmt geschlossen. Überhitzungsrisiko, da Abgas dauerhaft durch den Wärmetauscher strömt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_a",
        "heat_exchanger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed by carbon",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen klemmend durch Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature/Fuel Temperature Correlation",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatur zu Kraftstofftemperatur Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intake air and fuel temperature readings are inconsistent — at long soak both should match ambient.",
        "de": "Ansaugluft- und Kraftstofftemperatur sind nicht stimmig — nach längerer Standzeit sollten beide der Umgebung entsprechen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor",
        "fuel_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Pressure Measurement System - Multiple Sensor Correlation Bank 2",
        "de": "Saugrohrdruck-Messsystem - Multi-Sensor Korrelation Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Multiple intake air pressure sensors on bank 2 disagree with each other beyond the plausible deviation. One has drifted.",
        "de": "Mehrere Saugrohrdrucksensoren auf Bank 2 weichen über das plausible Maß voneinander ab. Einer ist verschoben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "boost_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Measurement System - Multiple Sensor Correlation Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatur-Messsystem - Multi-Sensor Korrelation Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Multiple intake air temperature sensors on bank 2 disagree beyond plausible limits.",
        "de": "Mehrere Ansauglufttemperatursensoren auf Bank 2 weichen über das plausible Maß ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_1",
        "iat_sensor_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 Schaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on intake air temperature sensor 3 (third measurement location, e.g. in throttle or after intercooler) on bank 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 (dritte Messstelle, z. B. an Drosselklappe oder nach LLK) Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 3 reading on bank 1 implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des IAT-Sensors 3 Bank 1 unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 3 bank 1 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung IAT-Sensor 3 Bank 1 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 3 bank 1 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung IAT-Sensor 3 Bank 1 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 sporadisch/unstetig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from IAT sensor 3 on bank 1.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom IAT-Sensor 3 Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on intake air temperature sensor 3 (third measurement location, e.g. in throttle or after intercooler) on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 (dritte Messstelle, z. B. an Drosselklappe oder nach LLK) Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 3 reading on bank 2 implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des IAT-Sensors 3 Bank 2 unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 3 bank 2 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung IAT-Sensor 3 Bank 2 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IAT sensor 3 bank 2 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung IAT-Sensor 3 Bank 2 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 3 sporadisch/unstetig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from IAT sensor 3 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom IAT-Sensor 3 Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Humidity Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Luftfeuchtesensor Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the humidity sensor (used by ECU for combustion correction, especially on direct-injection engines).",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Luftfeuchtesensor (von der Motorsteuerung zur Verbrennungskorrektur genutzt, besonders bei Direkteinspritzern)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "humidity_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Humidity Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Luftfeuchtesensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Humidity sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Luftfeuchtesensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "humidity_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Humidity Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Luftfeuchtesensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Humidity sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Luftfeuchtesensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "humidity_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Humidity Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Luftfeuchtesensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Humidity sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Luftfeuchtesensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "humidity_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Humidity Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Luftfeuchtesensor sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from humidity sensor.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Luftfeuchtesensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "humidity_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure - Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Correlation Bank 2",
        "de": "Atmosphärendruck zu Turbo-Eingangsdruck Korrelation Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The relationship between barometric pressure and turbo inlet pressure (bank 2) is implausible — at engine off the two should match. Indicates an inlet sensor or barometric sensor fault.",
        "de": "Die Beziehung zwischen Atmosphärendruck und Turbo-Eingangsdruck (Bank 2) ist unplausibel — bei stehendem Motor sollten beide übereinstimmen. Hinweis auf Defekt am Eingangs- oder Atmosphärendrucksensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inlet_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Turbo inlet pressure sensor drifted",
            "de": "Turbo-Eingangsdrucksensor mit verschobenem Wert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on turbocharger outlet pressure sensor A (post-compressor pressure measurement).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Ausgangsdrucksensor A des Turboladers (Druckmessung nach Verdichter)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo outlet pressure sensor A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo outlet pressure sensor A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Turbo-Ausgangsdrucksensor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo outlet pressure sensor A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Turbo-Ausgangsdrucksensor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from turbo outlet pressure sensor A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Turbo-Ausgangsdrucksensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery B State of Charge Performance",
        "de": "Batterie B Ladezustand Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "State of charge of battery B (typically auxiliary or hybrid battery) shows performance fault — does not behave according to charging model.",
        "de": "Ladezustand der Batterie B (meist Zusatz- oder Hybrid-Batterie) zeigt Leistungsfehler — Verhalten weicht vom Lade-Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_b",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery B aged or sulfated",
            "de": "Batterie B gealtert oder sulfatiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_charge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Tank Vapor Line Restricted/Blocked",
        "de": "EVAP-Tankentlüftungsleitung verstopft/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP tank vapor line is restricted or blocked. Tank pressure cannot equalize properly.",
        "de": "Die Tankentlüftungsleitung des EVAP-Systems ist verstopft oder blockiert. Tankdruck kann nicht ausgleichen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vapor_line",
        "charcoal_canister"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vapor line crushed or blocked",
            "de": "Entlüftungsleitung gequetscht oder verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P00FF",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Body Control Module Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Karosserie-Steuergerät hat MIL-Aktivierung angefordert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Body Control Module (BCM) sent a request to the engine ECU to illuminate the MIL — actual fault is in a body system; this is a forwarded request, not a powertrain fault.",
        "de": "Das Karosserie-Steuergerät (BCM) hat das Motorsteuergerät zur Aktivierung der MIL aufgefordert — der eigentliche Fehler liegt im Body-System; dies ist eine weitergereichte Anforderung, kein Antriebsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bcm_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Underlying BCM fault — read BCM codes",
            "de": "Zugrundeliegender BCM-Fehler — BCM-Codes auslesen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0100",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser-Schaltkreis fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a general electrical malfunction in the mass air flow (MAF) sensor circuit. The signal is missing, out of plausible range, or the wiring shows continuity issues. Used as a generic fault when no more specific MAF code applies.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen generellen elektrischen Fehler im Schaltkreis des Luftmassenmessers (LMM). Das Signal fehlt, liegt außerhalb des plausiblen Bereichs oder die Verkabelung zeigt Durchgangsprobleme. Ein Sammelcode, wenn kein spezifischerer LMM-Fehler greift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "maf_wiring",
        "maf_connector",
        "intake_duct"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_contamination",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor element contaminated (oil, dust)",
            "de": "Hitzdraht des LMM verschmutzt (Öl, Staub)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF wiring or connector damaged",
            "de": "LMM-Verkabelung oder Stecker beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mass air flow sensor failed",
            "de": "Luftmassenmesser defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0101",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The mass air flow (MAF) sensor signal is outside the expected range or does not track engine load plausibly. The ECU compares MAF readings against load calculated from RPM, throttle position and intake pressure; persistent disagreement triggers this code.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Luftmassenmessers liegt außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs oder folgt der Motorlast nicht plausibel. Die Motorsteuerung vergleicht den LMM-Wert mit der aus Drehzahl, Drosselklappenstellung und Saugrohrdruck berechneten Last; eine dauerhafte Abweichung löst diesen Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "air_filter",
        "intake_duct",
        "intake_manifold"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_contamination",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor contaminated (oil, dust)",
            "de": "Luftmassenmesser verschmutzt (Öl, Staub)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intake_air_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unmetered air leak after MAF",
            "de": "Falschluft hinter dem LMM"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air filter heavily clogged",
            "de": "Luftfilter stark verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring/connector fault to MAF",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler am LMM"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:15031-6"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0102",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low Input",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser Eingangssignal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The MAF sensor reports an air flow value below the plausible minimum for current engine speed and load. The ECU substitutes a calculated load value while the fault is active.",
        "de": "Der Luftmassenmesser meldet einen Wert unterhalb des plausiblen Minimums für die aktuelle Motordrehzahl und -last. Die Motorsteuerung verwendet bei aktivem Fehler einen berechneten Lastwert als Ersatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "intake_duct"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor failed",
            "de": "Luftmassenmesser defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF connector loose or disconnected",
            "de": "LMM-Stecker lose oder abgezogen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_wiring_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0103",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit High Input",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser Eingangssignal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The MAF sensor reports an air flow value above the plausible maximum for current engine speed and load. Often indicates a sensor that is failing in a way that produces excess output, or a short to supply voltage in the signal path.",
        "de": "Der Luftmassenmesser meldet einen Wert oberhalb des plausiblen Maximums für die aktuelle Drehzahl und Last. Hinweis auf einen Sensor, der zu hohe Werte ausgibt, oder einen Kurzschluss der Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_failed_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor failed",
            "de": "Luftmassenmesser defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_signal_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0104",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser-Schaltkreis sporadisch unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects intermittent signal dropouts or noise on the mass air flow (MAF) sensor circuit. The fault is not constantly present, suggesting a loose connection, intermittent wiring break, or a failing sensor under specific conditions (vibration, temperature).",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt sporadische Signalaussetzer oder Störungen im Schaltkreis des Luftmassenmessers. Der Fehler tritt nicht dauerhaft auf, was auf einen Wackelkontakt, eine sporadische Leitungsunterbrechung oder einen unter bestimmten Bedingungen (Vibration, Temperatur) versagenden Sensor hindeutet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "maf_connector",
        "maf_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "LMM-Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed against engine components",
            "de": "Verkabelung an Motorbauteilen aufgescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_intermittent_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor failing intermittently",
            "de": "LMM versagt sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0105",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure / Barometric Pressure Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Saugrohrdrucksensor / Barometerdrucksensor-Schaltkreis fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a general electrical malfunction in the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) or barometric pressure sensor circuit. Signal missing, implausible, or wiring broken. Generic fault when no more specific MAP code applies.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen generellen elektrischen Fehler im Schaltkreis des Saugrohrdruck- (MAP) oder Barometerdrucksensors. Signal fehlt, ist unplausibel oder die Verkabelung ist unterbrochen. Sammelcode, wenn kein spezifischerer MAP-Fehler greift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "map_wiring",
        "vacuum_hose"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "map_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAP sensor failed",
            "de": "MAP-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum hose to MAP sensor cracked or disconnected",
            "de": "Unterdruckschlauch zum MAP-Sensor gerissen oder abgezogen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "map_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAP wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "MAP-Verkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0106",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Saugrohrdrucksensor Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor signal is implausible relative to throttle position and engine speed. The ECU expects MAP to rise with throttle opening and fall under deceleration; deviation triggers the code.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Saugrohrdrucksensors (MAP) ist gegenüber Drosselklappenstellung und Drehzahl unplausibel. Erwartet wird ein Druckanstieg beim Öffnen der Drosselklappe und ein Abfall im Schubbetrieb; eine Abweichung löst den Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "vacuum_hose",
        "intake_manifold"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_hose_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum hose to MAP sensor cracked or detached",
            "de": "Unterdruckschlauch zum MAP-Sensor rissig oder abgefallen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "map_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAP sensor drifting outside specification",
            "de": "MAP-Sensor driftet aus der Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intake_manifold_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake manifold gasket leaking",
            "de": "Saugrohrdichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0107",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor Low Input",
        "de": "Saugrohrdrucksensor Eingangssignal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The MAP sensor reports a pressure below the lower threshold the ECU expects at any engine state. Typically indicates a hard electrical fault rather than a slow drift.",
        "de": "Der MAP-Sensor meldet einen Druck unter dem unteren Schwellwert, den die Motorsteuerung in keinem Betriebszustand erwartet. Hinweis auf einen harten elektrischen Fehler, nicht auf eine langsame Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "map_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "map_signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "map_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAP sensor failed",
            "de": "MAP-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "map_reference_voltage_missing",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "5V reference voltage missing",
            "de": "5-V-Referenzspannung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0108",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor High Input",
        "de": "Saugrohrdrucksensor Eingangssignal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The MAP sensor reports a pressure above the upper threshold the ECU expects in any engine state. Typically caused by a short in the signal circuit or a sensor that has failed producing a fixed high output.",
        "de": "Der MAP-Sensor meldet einen Druck über dem oberen Schwellwert, den die Motorsteuerung in keinem Betriebszustand erwartet. Typischerweise durch einen Kurzschluss im Signalkreis oder einen Sensor verursacht, der einen konstant hohen Wert abgibt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "map_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "map_signal_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "map_failed_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAP sensor failed",
            "de": "MAP-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "map_ground_open",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground broken",
            "de": "Sensor-Masseleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0109",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure / Barometric Pressure Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Saugrohrdruck- / Barometerdrucksensor-Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects intermittent signal dropouts on the MAP/BARO sensor circuit. Fault is not constantly present — typically caused by loose connectors, chafed wiring, or a sensor failing under thermal load.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt sporadische Signalaussetzer im MAP-/BARO-Sensor-Schaltkreis. Der Fehler tritt nicht dauerhaft auf — typischerweise durch lockere Stecker, aufgescheuerte Verkabelung oder einen unter Wärmebelastung versagenden Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "map_connector",
        "map_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAP connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "MAP-Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor fails when hot",
            "de": "Sensor versagt im warmen Zustand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed or pinched",
            "de": "Verkabelung aufgescheuert oder gequetscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P010A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on MAF sensor B (second sensor for redundancy or twin-intake systems).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Luftmassenmesser B (zweiter Sensor für Redundanz oder Zwillings-Ansaugung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P010B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "MAF sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des LMM B unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF B contaminated",
            "de": "LMM B verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P010C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "MAF B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung LMM B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P010D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "MAF B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung LMM B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P010E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from MAF sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom LMM B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P010F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mass or Volume Air Flow Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "MAF sensor A and B disagree beyond plausible deviation. One is reading incorrectly.",
        "de": "Luftmassenmesser A und B weichen über das plausible Maß ab. Einer liest fehlerhaft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One MAF contaminated",
            "de": "Einer der LMM verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0110",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor-Schaltkreis fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a general electrical fault in the intake air temperature (IAT) sensor circuit. Signal absent, shorted or out of plausible range. Generic catch-all when no more specific IAT code (low/high/range) is set.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen generellen elektrischen Fehler im Schaltkreis des Ansauglufttemperatursensors (IAT). Signal fehlt, ist kurzgeschlossen oder liegt außerhalb des plausiblen Bereichs. Sammelcode, wenn kein spezifischerer IAT-Fehler greift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor",
        "iat_wiring",
        "iat_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "iat_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "IAT sensor failed (open or shorted)",
            "de": "IAT-Sensor defekt (unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "iat_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "IAT wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "IAT-Verkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "integrated_maf_iat",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Combined MAF/IAT module faulty",
            "de": "Kombinierte LMM/IAT-Einheit defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          25,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_air_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0111",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake air temperature (IAT) sensor reading does not change plausibly with engine warm-up or after driving begins. Many vehicles share the IAT into the MAF housing; on those, MAF replacement also replaces IAT.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Ansauglufttemperatursensors (IAT) ändert sich nicht plausibel beim Warmlaufen oder beim Anfahren. Bei vielen Fahrzeugen ist der IAT im Luftmassenmesser integriert; ein LMM-Tausch ersetzt damit auch den IAT."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_temperature_sensor",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "iat_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drifting outside specification",
            "de": "Sensor driftet aus der Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "iat_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element coated with oil or dirt",
            "de": "Sensorelement mit Öl oder Schmutz belegt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_air_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0112",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor Low Input",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor Eingangssignal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IAT signal voltage is below threshold, which the ECU interprets as an implausibly hot intake (low NTC resistance). Usually a wiring short to ground or a failed sensor.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des IAT liegt unter dem Schwellwert. Die Motorsteuerung interpretiert das als unplausibel heiße Ansaugluft (niedriger NTC-Widerstand). Meist ein Massenschluss oder defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_temperature_sensor",
        "intake_air_temperature_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "iat_signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "iat_sensor_failed_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed shorted internally",
            "de": "Sensor intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_air_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0113",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor High Input",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor Eingangssignal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IAT signal voltage is above threshold, which the ECU interprets as an implausibly cold intake (open-circuit-like behaviour). Usually open wiring or a sensor that has failed open.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des IAT liegt über dem Schwellwert. Die Motorsteuerung interpretiert das als unplausibel kalte Ansaugluft (Verhalten wie offener Stromkreis). Meist offene Verkabelung oder Sensor, der intern unterbrochen ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_temperature_sensor",
        "intake_air_temperature_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "iat_open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Offener Stromkreis im Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "iat_connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_air_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0114",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor Intermittent",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IAT signal shows intermittent dropouts or jumps that fall outside slope expectations but do not stay above or below threshold long enough to trigger P0112/P0113. Usually a wiring or connector issue.",
        "de": "Das IAT-Signal zeigt sporadische Aussetzer oder Sprünge außerhalb erwarteter Verläufe, bleibt aber nicht lange genug über oder unter dem Schwellwert, um P0112/P0113 auszulösen. Meist ein Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_temperature_sensor",
        "intake_air_temperature_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "iat_intermittent_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose or oxidised connector",
            "de": "Lockerer oder oxidierter Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "iat_wiring_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed against engine",
            "de": "Kabel am Motor durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_air_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0115",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault has been detected in the engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor circuit. The ECU uses ECT for fuel enrichment during cold start, fan control, and closed-loop entry timing.",
        "de": "In der Schaltung des Kühlmitteltemperatursensors (ECT) wurde eine allgemeine Störung erkannt. Die Motorsteuerung nutzt den ECT-Wert für die Anreicherung im Kaltstart, die Lüftersteuerung und den Eintritt in den geschlossenen Regelkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_temperature_sensor",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ect_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ect_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0116",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant temperature sensor reading does not change plausibly during warm-up, or its value disagrees with the intake air temperature when the engine has been off long enough that they should match. Often caused by a sensor that reports near a fixed value despite engine warm-up.",
        "de": "Der Kühlmitteltemperatursensor liefert während des Warmlaufs keinen plausiblen Anstieg oder weicht nach längerer Standzeit von der Ansauglufttemperatur ab, wenn beide Werte gleich sein sollten. Häufig hängt der Sensor auf einem festen Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_temperature_sensor",
        "thermostat"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ect_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drifting outside specification",
            "de": "Sensor driftet aus der Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck open (engine never reaches operating temperature)",
            "de": "Thermostat hängt offen (Motor erreicht keine Betriebstemperatur)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0117",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Low Input",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Eingangssignal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECT signal voltage is below threshold, which the ECU interprets as an implausibly hot coolant temperature (typical NTC sensor characteristic — low resistance at high temperature).",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des ECT liegt unter dem Schwellwert. Die Motorsteuerung interpretiert das als unplausibel hohe Kühlmitteltemperatur (typische NTC-Sensor-Kennlinie — niedriger Widerstand bei hoher Temperatur)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_temperature_sensor",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ect_signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ect_sensor_failed_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed shorted internally",
            "de": "Sensor intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0118",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor High Input",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Eingangssignal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECT signal voltage is above threshold, which the ECU interprets as an implausibly cold temperature (open-circuit-like behaviour). When this code is active, the ECU runs a default cold-start enrichment that wastes fuel and may cause black smoke.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des ECT liegt über dem Schwellwert. Die Motorsteuerung interpretiert das als unplausibel kalte Temperatur (verhalten wie offener Stromkreis). Bei aktivem Fehler nutzt die Motorsteuerung eine Default-Kaltstartanreicherung, die Kraftstoff verschwendet und schwarzen Rauch verursachen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_temperature_sensor",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ect_open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Offener Stromkreis im Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ect_connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0119",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor-Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects intermittent signal dropouts on the engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor circuit. Fault not constantly present, typically due to loose connector, chafed wiring or a sensor failing thermally.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt sporadische Signalaussetzer am Schaltkreis des Kühlmitteltemperatursensors (ECT). Der Fehler tritt nicht dauerhaft auf, typischerweise wegen lockerem Stecker, aufgescheuerter Verkabelung oder eines thermisch versagenden Sensors."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor",
        "ect_connector",
        "ect_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECT connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "ECT-Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor fails when warm",
            "de": "Sensor versagt bei Erwärmung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed near hot engine parts",
            "de": "Verkabelung in Motornähe aufgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P011A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 1/2 Correlation",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 1/2 Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECT sensors 1 and 2 readings disagree beyond plausible limits — typically near startup both should match within tolerance.",
        "de": "ECT-Sensoren 1 und 2 weichen über das plausible Maß ab — bei Kaltstart sollten beide übereinstimmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor_1",
        "ect_sensor_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P011B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature/Intake Air Temperature Correlation",
        "de": "Kühlmittel- zu Ansauglufttemperatur Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECT and IAT readings disagree at long soak (engine off for hours) when both should match ambient.",
        "de": "ECT- und IAT-Werte weichen nach längerer Standzeit ab, obwohl beide der Umgebung entsprechen sollten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor",
        "iat_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P011C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature/Intake Air Temperature Correlation Bank 1",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler- zu Ansauglufttemperatur Korrelation Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC temperature and IAT on bank 1 disagree at long soak.",
        "de": "CAC-Temperatur und IAT auf Bank 1 weichen nach langer Standzeit ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "iat_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P011D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Temperature/Intake Air Temperature Correlation Bank 2",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler- zu Ansauglufttemperatur Korrelation Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC temperature and IAT on bank 2 disagree at long soak.",
        "de": "CAC-Temperatur und IAT auf Bank 2 weichen nach langer Standzeit ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temperature_sensor",
        "iat_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P011E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature 1 / Ambient Air Temperature Correlation",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur 1 zu Außenlufttemperatur Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECT 1 and ambient air temperature disagree after long soak — both should match within tolerance.",
        "de": "ECT 1 und Außenlufttemperatur weichen nach längerer Standzeit ab — beide sollten übereinstimmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor_1",
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P011F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature 2 / Ambient Air Temperature Correlation",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur 2 zu Außenlufttemperatur Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECT 1 and ambient air temperature disagree after long soak — both should match within tolerance.",
        "de": "ECT 1 und Außenlufttemperatur weichen nach längerer Standzeit ab — beide sollten übereinstimmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor_2",
        "ambient_air_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0120",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Position Sensor / Switch A Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Drosselklappenpositionssensor / Schalter A Schaltkreis fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a general electrical fault on the throttle position sensor/switch A circuit. Signal missing, implausible, or wiring broken. Generic catch-all when no more specific TPS-A code applies.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen generellen elektrischen Fehler am Schaltkreis des Drosselklappenpositionssensors/Schalters A. Signal fehlt, ist unplausibel oder die Verkabelung ist unterbrochen. Sammelcode, wenn kein spezifischerer TPS-A-Fehler greift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "tps_wiring",
        "tps_connector",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS worn or failed (dead spot in resistive track)",
            "de": "TPS verschlissen oder defekt (toter Punkt auf der Widerstandsbahn)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "TPS-Verkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS mechanically misaligned to throttle shaft",
            "de": "TPS mechanisch zur Drosselklappenwelle verstellt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0121",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"A\" Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"A\" Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The throttle position sensor (TPS) signal does not match the expected range for the commanded pedal position. On drive-by-wire vehicles, two redundant sensors are compared; a divergence between them or implausible motion triggers this code.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Drosselklappenstellungssensors (TPS) passt nicht zum erwarteten Bereich für die angeforderte Pedalstellung. Bei elektronischer Drosselklappe werden zwei redundante Sensoren verglichen; eine Abweichung zwischen ihnen oder unplausibles Verhalten löst den Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "throttle_body",
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS contact track worn (older potentiometer-type sensors)",
            "de": "TPS-Schleifbahn verschlissen (ältere Potentiometer-Sensoren)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_body_carbon",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup blocking throttle plate",
            "de": "Verkokung blockiert Drosselklappe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded TPS connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter TPS-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0122",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"A\" Low Input",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"A\" Eingangssignal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TPS signal voltage is below the lower acceptable threshold. The ECU usually enters limp-home mode and limits engine torque while the fault is active.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des TPS liegt unter dem unteren zulässigen Schwellwert. Die Motorsteuerung wechselt in der Regel in den Notlauf und begrenzt das Motormoment, solange der Fehler aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "throttle_position_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS internally failed",
            "de": "TPS intern defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_reference_voltage_missing",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "5V reference voltage to TPS missing",
            "de": "5-V-Versorgung am TPS fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0123",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"A\" High Input",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"A\" Eingangssignal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TPS signal voltage exceeds the upper acceptable threshold. As with P0122, limp-home mode is typical until the fault clears.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des TPS überschreitet den oberen zulässigen Schwellwert. Wie bei P0122 schaltet die Motorsteuerung üblicherweise in den Notlauf, bis der Fehler verschwindet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "throttle_position_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_signal_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground broken",
            "de": "Sensor-Masseleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS internally failed",
            "de": "TPS intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0124",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"A\" sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TPS signal shows intermittent dropouts that do not stay outside threshold long enough to trigger P0122/P0123. Drive-by-wire systems are sensitive to this and may briefly enter limp-home mode each time.",
        "de": "Das TPS-Signal zeigt sporadische Aussetzer, die nicht lange genug außerhalb des Schwellwerts bleiben, um P0122/P0123 auszulösen. E-Gas-Systeme reagieren empfindlich und gehen mitunter kurz in den Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "throttle_position_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_connector_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose or oxidised connector",
            "de": "Lockerer oder oxidierter Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_track_worn_spot",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor track worn at one spot (older potentiometer-type)",
            "de": "Sensorbahn an einer Stelle verschlissen (ältere Potentiometer-Typen)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0125",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Closed Loop Fuel Control",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur reicht nicht für Lambda-Regelbetrieb"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine has run long enough that closed-loop fuel control should be active, but the coolant temperature has not risen high enough. Often caused by a stuck-open thermostat or a failed coolant temperature sensor.",
        "de": "Der Motor lief lange genug, dass der Lambda-Regelbetrieb aktiv sein sollte, doch die Kühlmitteltemperatur ist nicht ausreichend gestiegen. Häufige Ursachen — offen hängendes Thermostat oder defekter Kühlmitteltemperaturfühler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermostat",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck open",
            "de": "Thermostat offen hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ect_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant temp sensor reading low",
            "de": "Kühlmitteltemperaturfühler liest zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0126",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Stable Operation",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur reicht nicht für stabilen Betrieb"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant temperature stays below the value expected for stable engine operation. Almost always points to a thermostat stuck open or a sensor reading lower than the actual engine temperature.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmitteltemperatur bleibt unter dem für stabilen Motorbetrieb erwarteten Wert. Hinweis fast immer auf ein offen hängendes Thermostat oder einen Sensor, der unter der tatsächlichen Motortemperatur liegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermostat",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck open",
            "de": "Thermostat offen hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0125"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0127",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intake air temperature exceeds the safe maximum. Risk of preignition or knock; ECU may reduce power.",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatur überschreitet den sicheren Maximalwert. Gefahr von Vorzündung oder Klopfen; Steuergerät reduziert ggf. Leistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor",
        "intercooler",
        "cooling_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intercooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intercooler airflow blocked",
            "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Luftstrom blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0128",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Thermostat Below Regulating Temperature",
        "de": "Thermostat unter Regeltemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine has been running long enough to reach operating temperature, but coolant temperature stayed below the thermostat's regulating value. Almost always caused by a thermostat stuck open. Costs fuel economy and increases cold-engine emissions.",
        "de": "Der Motor lief lange genug für Betriebstemperatur, das Kühlmittel hat aber den Regelbereich des Thermostats nicht erreicht. Fast immer durch einen offen hängenden Thermostat verursacht. Erhöht den Verbrauch und die Kaltlaufemissionen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermostat",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck open",
            "de": "Thermostat hängt offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ect_sensor_low_reading",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant sensor reading low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelsensor liest zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat#Automotive_thermostats"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0129",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Atmosphärendruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric pressure reading below the plausible minimum. Either operating at extreme altitude or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Atmosphärendruck unter dem plausiblen Minimum. Entweder Betrieb in extremer Höhe oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted low",
            "de": "Sensorwert nach unten verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P012A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor-Eingangsdrucksensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on turbo/supercharger inlet pressure sensor A.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Turbo/Kompressor-Eingangsdrucksensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P012B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor-Eingangsdrucksensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo inlet pressure sensor A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Turbo-Eingangsdrucksensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P012C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor-Eingangsdrucksensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo inlet pressure sensor A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Turbo-Eingangsdrucksensor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P012D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor-Eingangsdrucksensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo inlet pressure sensor A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Turbo-Eingangsdrucksensor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P012E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor-Eingangsdrucksensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from turbo inlet pressure sensor A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Turbo-Eingangsdrucksensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P012F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature / Engine Oil Temperature Correlation",
        "de": "Kühlmittel- zu Motoröltemperatur Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine coolant and oil temperature readings disagree beyond plausible limits.",
        "de": "Kühlmittel- und Motoröltemperatur weichen über das plausible Maß ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor",
        "oil_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0130",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltung Fehlfunktion (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports an implausible signal — typically stuck mid-range, no switching between rich and lean, or no signal at all. Closed-loop fuel control cannot run while this fault is active.",
        "de": "Die vorgeschaltete Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 liefert ein unplausibles Signal — typischerweise konstant im Mittelbereich, kein Wechsel zwischen fett und mager oder gar kein Signal. Die Gemischregelung im geschlossenen Regelkreis ist bei aktivem Fehler nicht möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "oxygen_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Lambdasonde gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wiring_chafed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor harness chafed against exhaust",
            "de": "Sondenkabel an Abgasanlage durchgescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_connector_water",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water in sensor connector",
            "de": "Wasser im Sondenstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0131",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltung Spannung zu niedrig (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upstream oxygen sensor signal is fixed at a low voltage, indicating the ECU sees a continuously lean exhaust on bank 1 — or the sensor signal path is shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal der vorgeschalteten Lambdasonde verharrt bei niedriger Spannung. Die Motorsteuerung sieht entweder dauerhaft mageres Abgas auf Bank 1 oder die Signalleitung ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "exhaust_pipe_pre_cat"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_pre_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak upstream of the sensor",
            "de": "Abgasleck vor der Sonde"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lean_running_condition",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Genuine lean running (vacuum leak, low fuel pressure)",
            "de": "Tatsächlich mageres Gemisch (Falschluft, geringer Kraftstoffdruck)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0132",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltung Spannung zu hoch (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upstream oxygen sensor signal is fixed at a high voltage, indicating either a continuously rich exhaust on bank 1 or a short to supply voltage in the signal circuit.",
        "de": "Das Signal der vorgeschalteten Lambdasonde verharrt bei hoher Spannung. Hinweis entweder auf dauerhaft fettes Abgas auf Bank 1 oder auf einen Kurzschluss der Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "fuel_injector",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rich_running_condition",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Genuine rich running (leaking injector, high fuel pressure)",
            "de": "Tatsächlich fettes Gemisch (undichter Injektor, hoher Kraftstoffdruck)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_signal_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_silicon_poisoning",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor poisoned by silicone or coolant",
            "de": "Sonde durch Silikon oder Kühlmittel vergiftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0133",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Slow Response (Bank 1, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde langsames Ansprechverhalten (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upstream oxygen sensor switches between rich and lean too slowly. Aged sensors lose response speed before they fail outright; this code typically appears before P0130/P0131/P0132.",
        "de": "Die vorgeschaltete Lambdasonde wechselt zu langsam zwischen fett und mager. Gealterte Sonden verlieren Reaktionszeit, bevor sie ganz ausfallen; dieser Code erscheint typischerweise vor P0130/P0131/P0132."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor aged",
            "de": "Lambdasonde gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_silicon_poisoning",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor partially poisoned (silicone, lead, sulphur)",
            "de": "Sonde teilweise vergiftet (Silikon, Blei, Schwefel)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0134",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity / Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 1 träge / keine Aktivität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects that the upstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 shows no switching activity or responds too slowly to changing exhaust gas composition. Often the sensor is aged, contaminated by silicone or fuel additives, or the heater circuit is degraded.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass die vordere Lambdasonde an Bank 1 keine Schaltaktivität zeigt oder zu langsam auf Änderungen der Abgaszusammensetzung reagiert. Häufig ist die Sonde gealtert, durch Silikon oder Kraftstoffadditive vergiftet oder der Heizkreis schwächelt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank1_sensor1",
        "o2_heater_circuit",
        "exhaust_manifold_gasket"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or poisoned (silicone, lead, coolant)",
            "de": "Sonde gealtert oder vergiftet (Silikon, Blei, Kühlmittel)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_degraded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor heater circuit weak",
            "de": "Sondenheizung schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_upstream",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak upstream of sensor diluting reading",
            "de": "Abgasleck vor der Sonde verfälscht das Signal"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0135",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Schaltung Fehlfunktion (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heating element inside the upstream oxygen sensor draws no current, draws too much current, or is open-circuit. The heater brings the sensor to operating temperature so closed-loop control can start within seconds rather than minutes.",
        "de": "Das Heizelement der vorgeschalteten Lambdasonde nimmt keinen Strom auf, einen zu hohen Strom oder die Heizung ist unterbrochen. Die Heizung bringt die Sonde auf Betriebstemperatur, damit die Gemischregelung innerhalb von Sekunden statt Minuten arbeitet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "o2_heater_relay",
        "o2_heater_fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_heater_burnt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open-circuit",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_heater_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater fuse blown",
            "de": "Heizungs-Sicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wiring_to_heater",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault to heater",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler zur Heizung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0136",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1, Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltung Fehlfunktion (Bank 1, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault has been detected in the downstream (post-catalyst) oxygen sensor on bank 1. The downstream sensor monitors catalyst efficiency rather than fuel mixture; with no signal, the catalyst monitor cannot run.",
        "de": "In der Schaltung der nachgeschalteten (Nachkatalysator-)Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 wurde ein allgemeiner Fehler erkannt. Die nachgeschaltete Sonde überwacht den Katalysatorwirkungsgrad statt des Gemisches; ohne Signal kann die Katalysator-Diagnose nicht laufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "oxygen_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream sensor aged",
            "de": "Nachgeschaltete Sonde gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed against exhaust",
            "de": "Sondenkabel an Abgasanlage durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0137",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltung Spannung zu niedrig (Bank 1, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downstream oxygen sensor signal is fixed at a low voltage. Either the catalyst is letting unburned oxygen through (sensor sees lean), the sensor itself is shorted to ground, or the catalyst is so degraded that the downstream signal mirrors a lean upstream condition.",
        "de": "Das Signal der nachgeschalteten Lambdasonde verharrt bei niedriger Spannung. Entweder lässt der Katalysator unverbrannten Sauerstoff durch (Sonde sieht mager), die Sonde ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen, oder der Katalysator ist so stark degradiert, dass das Nachsignal ein mageres Vorsignal abbildet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "catalytic_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "catalyst_degraded_pre_p0420",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst degraded (often appears before P0420)",
            "de": "Katalysator degradiert (oft vor P0420)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_pre_downstream",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak between catalyst and downstream sensor",
            "de": "Abgasleck zwischen Katalysator und Nachsonde"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0138",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltung Spannung zu hoch (Bank 1, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downstream oxygen sensor signal is fixed at a high voltage, indicating either a continuously rich downstream reading (less common, since post-cat exhaust should be more stable) or a short to supply voltage in the signal circuit.",
        "de": "Das Signal der nachgeschalteten Lambdasonde verharrt bei hoher Spannung. Hinweis entweder auf dauerhaft fettes Nachsignal (selten, weil das Nachkat-Signal stabiler sein sollte) oder Kurzschluss gegen Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "oxygen_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream sensor failed",
            "de": "Nachsonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0139",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 2 zu hohe Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects that the downstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports an abnormally high voltage signal, suggesting a persistently rich exhaust condition past the catalyst, a shorted sensor, or wiring shorted to a voltage source.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass die hintere Lambdasonde an Bank 1 ein dauerhaft zu hohes Spannungssignal liefert. Mögliche Ursache ist ein dauerhaft fettes Abgas hinter dem Katalysator, eine kurzgeschlossene Sonde oder Verkabelung mit Kurzschluss gegen Spannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank1_sensor2",
        "o2_wiring",
        "catalytic_converter_bank1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rich_mixture",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine running rich (leaking injector, high fuel pressure)",
            "de": "Motor läuft zu fett (undichter Injektor, zu hoher Kraftstoffdruck)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shorted_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal wire shorted to voltage",
            "de": "Sondensignalleitung gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream O2 sensor failed",
            "de": "Hintere Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P013A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Slow Response - Rich to Lean Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde langsame Reaktion - fett nach mager Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Post-cat O2 sensor on bank 1 responds too slowly when mixture transitions from rich to lean. Sensor aging or contamination.",
        "de": "Nachkat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 reagiert beim Übergang fett→mager zu langsam. Sensoralterung oder Vergiftung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P013B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Slow Response - Lean to Rich Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde langsame Reaktion - mager nach fett Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Post-cat O2 sensor on bank 1 responds too slowly when mixture transitions from lean to rich.",
        "de": "Nachkat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 reagiert beim Übergang mager→fett zu langsam."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P013C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Slow Response - Rich to Lean Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde langsame Reaktion - fett nach mager Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Post-cat O2 sensor on bank 2 responds too slowly when mixture transitions from rich to lean. Sensor aging or contamination.",
        "de": "Nachkat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 reagiert beim Übergang fett→mager zu langsam. Sensoralterung oder Vergiftung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P013D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Slow Response - Lean to Rich Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde langsame Reaktion - mager nach fett Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Post-cat O2 sensor on bank 2 responds too slowly when mixture transitions from lean to rich.",
        "de": "Nachkat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 reagiert beim Übergang mager→fett zu langsam."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P013E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Rich to Lean Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - fett nach mager Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Post-cat O2 sensor on bank 1 reacts only after delay when mixture switches rich to lean.",
        "de": "Nachkat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang fett→mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P013F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Lean to Rich Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - mager nach fett Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Post-cat O2 sensor on bank 1 reacts only after delay when mixture switches lean to rich.",
        "de": "Nachkat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang mager→fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0140",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity / Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 2 träge / keine Aktivität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects no switching or excessively slow response from the downstream oxygen sensor on bank 1. Typical for an aged or poisoned sensor; downstream sensors should show a relatively flat signal but must respond to fueling changes during diagnostic monitor runs.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt keine Schaltaktivität oder eine viel zu langsame Reaktion der hinteren Lambdasonde an Bank 1. Typisch für eine gealterte oder vergiftete Sonde; hintere Sonden zeigen normalerweise ein eher flaches Signal, müssen aber bei Diagnosezyklen auf Gemischänderungen reagieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank1_sensor2",
        "o2_heater_circuit",
        "catalytic_converter_bank1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or poisoned",
            "de": "Sonde gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_degraded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor heater circuit weak",
            "de": "Sondenheizung schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cat_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalytic converter so degraded that downstream signal mirrors upstream",
            "de": "Katalysator so verschlissen, dass das hintere Signal dem vorderen folgt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0141",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1, Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Schaltung Fehlfunktion (Bank 1, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heating element inside the downstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 is open-circuit, drawing no current, or drawing too much. Without heater, the sensor takes much longer to reach operating temperature, delaying catalyst diagnosis.",
        "de": "Das Heizelement der nachgeschalteten Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 ist unterbrochen, nimmt keinen Strom auf oder zieht zu viel. Ohne Heizung erreicht die Sonde die Betriebstemperatur deutlich langsamer, die Katalysatordiagnose verzögert sich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "o2_heater_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_heater_burnt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open-circuit",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_heater_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater fuse blown",
            "de": "Heizungs-Sicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0142",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Sondenheizung Bank 1 Sensor 2 fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault in the heater circuit of the downstream oxygen sensor on bank 1. The heater current is out of range, suggesting an open or shorted heater element, blown fuse or wiring fault.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Heizkreis der hinteren Lambdasonde an Bank 1. Der Heizstrom liegt außerhalb des Sollbereichs, möglich sind unterbrochenes oder kurzgeschlossenes Heizelement, defekte Sicherung oder Leitungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank1_sensor2",
        "o2_heater_fuse",
        "o2_heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement der Sonde unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater fuse blown",
            "de": "Heizungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Heizungsverkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0143",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 3 Schaltkreisfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a general electrical fault on the third oxygen sensor in the bank 1 exhaust path (typically located after a second catalyst on diesel or large engines with multi-cat exhausts).",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen generellen elektrischen Fehler an der dritten Lambdasonde im Abgastrakt von Bank 1 (typischerweise nach einem zweiten Katalysator bei Dieseln oder Großmotoren mit mehrstufigem Abgassystem)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank1_sensor3",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or failed",
            "de": "Sonde gealtert oder defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Sondenverkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0144",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 3 zu niedrige Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an abnormally low voltage from the third O2 sensor on bank 1. Indicates persistently lean exhaust, an open sensor or wiring shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu niedrige Spannung der dritten Lambdasonde an Bank 1. Hinweis auf dauerhaft mageres Abgas, eine unterbrochene Sonde oder gegen Masse kurzgeschlossene Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank1_sensor3",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lean_mixture",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lean exhaust (vacuum leak, low fuel pressure)",
            "de": "Mageres Abgas (Falschluft, zu niedriger Kraftstoffdruck)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shorted_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "O2 sensor failed",
            "de": "Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0145",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 3 zu hohe Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an abnormally high voltage from the third O2 sensor on bank 1. Indicates persistently rich exhaust, a shorted sensor or wiring shorted to a voltage source.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu hohe Spannung der dritten Lambdasonde an Bank 1. Hinweis auf dauerhaft fettes Abgas, eine kurzgeschlossene Sonde oder gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossene Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank1_sensor3",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rich_mixture",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rich exhaust (leaking injector, high fuel pressure)",
            "de": "Fettes Abgas (undichter Injektor, zu hoher Kraftstoffdruck)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shorted_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "O2 sensor failed",
            "de": "Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0146",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity / Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 3 träge / keine Aktivität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects no switching activity or too slow a response from the third O2 sensor on bank 1. Typical for aged or poisoned sensor.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt keine Schaltaktivität oder eine zu träge Reaktion der dritten Lambdasonde an Bank 1. Typisch für gealterte oder vergiftete Sonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank1_sensor3",
        "o2_heater_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or poisoned",
            "de": "Sonde gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_degraded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater circuit weak",
            "de": "Heizkreis schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0147",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Sondenheizung Bank 1 Sensor 3 fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault in the heater circuit of the third O2 sensor on bank 1. Heater current out of range, indicating open/shorted heater element, blown fuse or wiring fault.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Heizkreis der dritten Lambdasonde an Bank 1. Heizstrom außerhalb des Sollbereichs, möglich sind unterbrochenes/kurzgeschlossenes Heizelement, defekte Sicherung oder Leitungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank1_sensor3",
        "o2_heater_fuse",
        "o2_heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater fuse blown",
            "de": "Heizungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0148",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Delivery Error",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmengenfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel quantity actually delivered does not match the commanded value over a long observation window. Mechanical issue in the fuel system.",
        "de": "Tatsächlich gelieferte Kraftstoffmenge weicht über längeren Zeitraum vom Sollwert ab. Mechanisches Problem im Kraftstoffsystem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "fuel_injectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP pump worn",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0149",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Timing Error",
        "de": "Kraftstoffzeitsteuerungsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing deviates from target. Often caused by chain wear, sensor offset, or injector response drift.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt weicht vom Sollwert ab. Häufig durch Kettenverschleiß, Sensoroffset oder Injektor-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "timing_chain",
        "fuel_injectors",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain stretched",
            "de": "Steuerkette gelängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P014A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Rich to Lean Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - fett nach mager Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Post-cat O2 sensor on bank 2 reacts only after delay when mixture switches rich to lean.",
        "de": "Nachkat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang fett→mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P014B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Lean to Rich Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - mager nach fett Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Post-cat O2 sensor on bank 2 reacts only after delay when mixture switches lean to rich.",
        "de": "Nachkat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang mager→fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P014C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Slow Response - Rich to Lean Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde langsame Reaktion - fett nach mager Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre-cat O2 sensor on bank 1 responds too slowly when mixture transitions from rich to lean.",
        "de": "Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 reagiert beim Übergang fett→mager zu langsam."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P014D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Slow Response - Lean to Rich Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde langsame Reaktion - mager nach fett Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre-cat O2 sensor on bank 1 responds too slowly when mixture transitions from lean to rich.",
        "de": "Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 reagiert beim Übergang mager→fett zu langsam."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P014E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Slow Response - Rich to Lean Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde langsame Reaktion - fett nach mager Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre-cat O2 sensor on bank 2 responds too slowly when mixture transitions from rich to lean.",
        "de": "Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 reagiert beim Übergang fett→mager zu langsam."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P014F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Slow Response - Lean to Rich Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde langsame Reaktion - mager nach fett Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre-cat O2 sensor on bank 2 responds too slowly when mixture transitions from lean to rich.",
        "de": "Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 reagiert beim Übergang mager→fett zu langsam."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0150",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltung Fehlfunktion (Bank 2, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as P0130 but on bank 2 of a multi-bank engine. Closed-loop fuel control on bank 2 is disabled while this fault is active.",
        "de": "Gleiche Bedingung wie P0130, aber auf Bank 2 eines Mehrbank-Motors. Die Gemischregelung im geschlossenen Regelkreis auf Bank 2 ist bei aktivem Fehler deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "oxygen_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor aged",
            "de": "Lambdasonde gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wiring_chafed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor harness chafed",
            "de": "Sondenkabel durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0130"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0151",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltung Spannung zu niedrig (Bank 2, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as P0131 but on bank 2. The upstream sensor sees a continuously lean exhaust on bank 2 or has a signal short to ground.",
        "de": "Gleiche Bedingung wie P0131, aber auf Bank 2. Die vorgeschaltete Sonde sieht dauerhaft mageres Abgas auf Bank 2 oder die Signalleitung ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "exhaust_pipe_pre_cat"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_pre_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak upstream of the sensor",
            "de": "Abgasleck vor der Sonde"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lean_running_condition_b2",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bank 2 running lean (vacuum leak, fuel pressure)",
            "de": "Bank 2 mager (Falschluft, Kraftstoffdruck)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0131"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0152",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltung Spannung zu hoch (Bank 2, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as P0132 but on bank 2. The upstream sensor reports a continuously rich condition or has a short to supply voltage.",
        "de": "Gleiche Bedingung wie P0132, aber auf Bank 2. Die vorgeschaltete Sonde meldet dauerhaft fett oder ist gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rich_running_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bank 2 running rich (leaking injector, high fuel pressure)",
            "de": "Bank 2 fett (undichter Injektor, hoher Kraftstoffdruck)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_signal_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0132"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0153",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 1 zu hohe Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an abnormally high voltage from the upstream O2 sensor on bank 2. Indicates persistently rich exhaust, shorted sensor or wiring shorted to voltage.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu hohe Spannung der vorderen Lambdasonde an Bank 2. Hinweis auf dauerhaft fettes Abgas, kurzgeschlossene Sonde oder gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossene Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor1",
        "o2_wiring",
        "fuel_injector_bank2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rich_mixture",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bank 2 running rich (leaking injector, high fuel pressure)",
            "de": "Bank 2 läuft fett (undichter Injektor, zu hoher Kraftstoffdruck)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shorted_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream O2 sensor failed",
            "de": "Vordere Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0154",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity / Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 1 träge / keine Aktivität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects no switching activity or too slow a response from the upstream O2 sensor on bank 2. Typically aged or poisoned sensor, weak heater, or upstream exhaust leak.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt keine Schaltaktivität oder eine zu träge Reaktion der vorderen Lambdasonde an Bank 2. Typisch sind gealterte/vergiftete Sonde, schwache Heizung oder Abgasleck vor der Sonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor1",
        "o2_heater_circuit",
        "exhaust_manifold_bank2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or poisoned",
            "de": "Sonde gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_degraded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater circuit weak",
            "de": "Heizkreis schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_upstream",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak before sensor",
            "de": "Abgasleck vor der Sonde"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0155",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Schaltung Fehlfunktion (Bank 2, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as P0135 but on the upstream sensor of bank 2.",
        "de": "Gleiche Bedingung wie P0135, aber an der vorgeschalteten Sonde auf Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "o2_heater_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_heater_burnt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open-circuit",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0135"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0156",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2, Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltung Fehlfunktion (Bank 2, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as P0136 but on the downstream sensor of bank 2. The catalyst efficiency monitor for bank 2 cannot run while this fault is active.",
        "de": "Gleiche Bedingung wie P0136, aber an der nachgeschalteten Sonde auf Bank 2. Die Katalysator-Diagnose für Bank 2 kann bei aktivem Fehler nicht laufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream sensor aged",
            "de": "Nachgeschaltete Sonde gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0136"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0157",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 2 zu niedrige Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects abnormally low voltage from the downstream O2 sensor on bank 2. Indicates persistently lean exhaust past the catalyst, open sensor or wiring shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu niedrige Spannung der hinteren Lambdasonde an Bank 2. Hinweis auf dauerhaft mageres Abgas hinter dem Katalysator, unterbrochene Sonde oder gegen Masse kurzgeschlossene Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor2",
        "o2_wiring",
        "catalytic_converter_bank2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lean_mixture",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lean condition on bank 2",
            "de": "Mageres Gemisch an Bank 2"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shorted_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream O2 sensor failed",
            "de": "Hintere Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0158",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 2 niedriges Signal (alternate)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects abnormally low voltage from the downstream O2 sensor on bank 2 (alternate definition mapping in some manufacturers' interpretation). Indicates persistent lean reading, open sensor or wiring shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu niedrige Spannung der hinteren Lambdasonde an Bank 2 (alternative Zuordnung bei manchen Herstellern). Hinweis auf dauerhaft mageres Signal, unterbrochene Sonde oder gegen Masse kurzgeschlossene Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor2",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lean_mixture",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lean condition on bank 2",
            "de": "Mageres Gemisch an Bank 2"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "O2 sensor failed",
            "de": "Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0159",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 2 zu hohe Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an abnormally high voltage from the downstream O2 sensor on bank 2. Indicates persistently rich exhaust past the cat, shorted sensor or wiring shorted to voltage.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu hohe Spannung der hinteren Lambdasonde an Bank 2. Hinweis auf dauerhaft fettes Abgas hinter dem Katalysator, kurzgeschlossene Sonde oder gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossene Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor2",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rich_mixture",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rich condition on bank 2",
            "de": "Fettes Gemisch an Bank 2"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shorted_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P015A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Rich to Lean Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - fett nach mager Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre-cat O2 sensor on bank 1 reacts only after delay when mixture switches rich to lean.",
        "de": "Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang fett→mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P015B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Lean to Rich Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - mager nach fett Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre-cat O2 sensor on bank 1 reacts only after delay when mixture switches lean to rich.",
        "de": "Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 1 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang mager→fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P015C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Rich to Lean Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - fett nach mager Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre-cat O2 sensor on bank 2 reacts only after delay when mixture switches rich to lean.",
        "de": "Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang fett→mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P015D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Lean to Rich Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - mager nach fett Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre-cat O2 sensor on bank 2 reacts only after delay when mixture switches lean to rich.",
        "de": "Vor-Kat-Lambdasonde Bank 2 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang mager→fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P015E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time to Enter Closed Loop Fuel Timing Control",
        "de": "Zu lange Zeit bis zum Eintritt in geregelten Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU took longer than allowed to enter closed-loop control of fuel injection timing. Often slow sensor warm-up.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat länger als erlaubt gebraucht, um in den Regelbetrieb des Einspritzzeitpunkts überzugehen. Häufig langsame Sensor-Aufheizung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensors",
        "ect_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_slow_warmup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor heater aging slows warm-up",
            "de": "Alterung der Sensorheizung verlangsamt Aufheizen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P015F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time to Enter Closed Loop Cylinder Balance Control",
        "de": "Zu lange Zeit bis zum Eintritt in geregelte Zylinder-Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU took longer than allowed to enter closed-loop cylinder balance control.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat länger als erlaubt gebraucht, um in den Regelbetrieb der Zylinder-Balance überzugehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensors",
        "fuel_injectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_slow_warmup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor heater aging",
            "de": "Sensorheizung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0160",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity / Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 2 träge / keine Aktivität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects no switching or too slow a response from the downstream O2 sensor on bank 2. Often aged or poisoned sensor; downstream sensors usually flat but must respond on diagnostic monitor runs.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt keine Schaltaktivität oder eine zu träge Reaktion der hinteren Lambdasonde an Bank 2. Häufig gealterte oder vergiftete Sonde; hintere Sonden zeigen normalerweise ein flaches Signal, müssen aber bei Diagnosezyklen reagieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor2",
        "o2_heater_circuit",
        "catalytic_converter_bank2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or poisoned",
            "de": "Sonde gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_degraded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater circuit weak",
            "de": "Heizkreis schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0161",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2, Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Schaltung Fehlfunktion (Bank 2, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as P0141 but on the downstream sensor of bank 2.",
        "de": "Gleiche Bedingung wie P0141, aber an der nachgeschalteten Sonde auf Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "o2_heater_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_heater_burnt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open-circuit",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0141"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0162",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Sondenheizung Bank 2 Sensor 2 fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault in the heater circuit of the downstream O2 sensor on bank 2. Heater current out of range — open or shorted heater element, blown fuse, or wiring fault.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Heizkreis der hinteren Lambdasonde an Bank 2. Heizstrom außerhalb des Sollbereichs — unterbrochenes oder kurzgeschlossenes Heizelement, defekte Sicherung oder Leitungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor2",
        "o2_heater_fuse",
        "o2_heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater fuse blown",
            "de": "Heizungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0163",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 3 Schaltkreisfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a general electrical fault on the third O2 sensor in the bank 2 exhaust path (typically post-second-cat in multi-cat exhausts).",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen generellen elektrischen Fehler an der dritten Lambdasonde im Abgastrakt von Bank 2 (typischerweise nach dem zweiten Katalysator bei mehrstufigem Abgassystem)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor3",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or failed",
            "de": "Sonde gealtert oder defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Sondenverkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0164",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 3 zu niedrige Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects abnormally low voltage from the third O2 sensor on bank 2. Indicates lean exhaust, open sensor or wiring shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu niedrige Spannung der dritten Lambdasonde an Bank 2. Hinweis auf mageres Abgas, unterbrochene Sonde oder gegen Masse kurzgeschlossene Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor3",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lean_mixture",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lean exhaust condition",
            "de": "Mageres Abgas"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "O2 sensor failed",
            "de": "Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0165",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 3 zu hohe Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects abnormally high voltage from the third O2 sensor on bank 2. Indicates rich exhaust or wiring shorted to voltage.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu hohe Spannung der dritten Lambdasonde an Bank 2. Hinweis auf fettes Abgas oder gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossene Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor3",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rich_mixture",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rich exhaust condition",
            "de": "Fettes Abgas"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shorted_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0166",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity / Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 3 träge / keine Aktivität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects no switching or too slow a response from the third O2 sensor on bank 2. Typically aged or poisoned sensor or weak heater.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt keine Schaltaktivität oder eine zu träge Reaktion der dritten Lambdasonde an Bank 2. Typisch gealterte/vergiftete Sonde oder schwache Heizung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor3",
        "o2_heater_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or poisoned",
            "de": "Sonde gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_degraded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater circuit weak",
            "de": "Heizkreis schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0167",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Sondenheizung Bank 2 Sensor 3 fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault in the heater circuit of the third O2 sensor on bank 2. Heater current out of range — open or shorted heater, blown fuse, wiring fault.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Heizkreis der dritten Lambdasonde an Bank 2. Heizstrom außerhalb des Sollbereichs — unterbrochene oder kurzgeschlossene Heizung, defekte Sicherung, Leitungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_bank2_sensor3",
        "o2_heater_fuse",
        "o2_heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater fuse blown",
            "de": "Heizungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0168",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel temperature exceeds the safe maximum. Risk of fuel pump damage and injection imprecision.",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatur überschreitet den sicheren Maximalwert. Gefahr von Pumpenschaden und Einspritzungenauigkeit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temp_sensor",
        "fuel_cooler",
        "fuel_return"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooler_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel cooler not effective",
            "de": "Kraftstoffkühler unwirksam"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0169",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Fuel Composition",
        "de": "Falsche Kraftstoffzusammensetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel composition (e.g. ethanol fraction on flex-fuel vehicles) outside expected range. Wrong fuel filled or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffzusammensetzung (z. B. Ethanol-Anteil bei Flex-Fuel) außerhalb erwartetem Bereich. Falscher Kraftstoff getankt oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "flex_fuel_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_fuel",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong fuel filled (e.g. E85 in non-flex)",
            "de": "Falscher Kraftstoff getankt (z. B. E85 in nicht-flex)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P016A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time To Enter Closed Loop Air/Fuel Ratio Control",
        "de": "Zu lange Zeit bis zum Eintritt in Lambda-Regelung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU took longer than allowed to enter closed-loop air/fuel ratio control. Most often O2 sensor heater aging or coolant temperature reading wrong.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat länger als erlaubt gebraucht, um in die Lambda-Regelung überzugehen. Meist gealterte Sondenheizung oder fehlerhafte Kühlmitteltemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensors",
        "ect_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "O2 sensor heater aged",
            "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P016B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop Air/Fuel Ratio Control At Limit - System Too Rich",
        "de": "Lambda-Regelung am Limit - System zu fett"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Closed-loop fuel trim hit its lean correction limit because mixture is structurally too rich. Likely fuel pressure too high, leaking injector, or O2 sensor reporting too lean.",
        "de": "Lambda-Regelung steht am Magerwert-Limit, weil das Gemisch strukturell zu fett ist. Vermutlich zu hoher Kraftstoffdruck, undichter Injektor oder zu mager meldende Sonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_injectors",
        "o2_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaky_injector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking",
            "de": "Injektor undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P016C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop Air/Fuel Ratio Control At Limit - System Too Lean",
        "de": "Lambda-Regelung am Limit - System zu mager"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Closed-loop fuel trim hit its rich correction limit because mixture is structurally too lean. Likely vacuum leak, low fuel pressure, or contaminated MAF.",
        "de": "Lambda-Regelung steht am Anreicherungs-Limit, weil das Gemisch strukturell zu mager ist. Vermutlich Falschluft, zu geringer Kraftstoffdruck oder verschmutzter LMM."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_system",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak",
            "de": "Falschluft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P016D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time To Enter Closed Loop Fuel Pressure Control",
        "de": "Zu lange Zeit bis zum Eintritt in Kraftstoffdruck-Regelung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU took longer than allowed to close the loop on fuel pressure control. Pressure rise too slow at start.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat länger als erlaubt gebraucht, um die Kraftstoffdruck-Regelung zu schließen. Druckaufbau bei Start zu langsam."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "lift_pump",
        "fuel_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lift_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lift pump weak",
            "de": "Vorförderpumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P016E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop Fuel Pressure Control At Limit - Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruck-Regelung am Limit - Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Closed-loop fuel pressure control hit its lower limit because rail pressure is structurally too high.",
        "de": "Druckregelung steht am unteren Limit, weil der Raildruck strukturell zu hoch ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "return_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck closed",
            "de": "Regelventil hängt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P016F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop Fuel Pressure Control At Limit - Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruck-Regelung am Limit - Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Closed-loop fuel pressure control hit its upper limit because rail pressure is structurally too low.",
        "de": "Druckregelung steht am oberen Limit, weil der Raildruck strukturell zu niedrig ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "fuel_volume_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP pump worn",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0170",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Trim Malfunction (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Gemischadaption Bank 1 fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects that short-term and long-term fuel trim values on bank 1 are outside acceptable limits. Engine cannot maintain stoichiometric mixture — typically a vacuum leak, fuel pressure issue, or failing MAF/O2 sensor.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass die Kurz- und Langzeit-Gemischadaption an Bank 1 außerhalb der Sollwerte liegt. Der Motor kann das stöchiometrische Gemisch nicht halten — typischerweise Falschluft, Kraftstoffdruckproblem oder defekter LMM/O2-Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_system",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "o2_sensor_bank1_sensor1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak (intake gasket, hose, PCV)",
            "de": "Falschluft (Saugrohrdichtung, Schlauch, PCV)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure too low or too high",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck zu niedrig oder zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "LMM-Signal driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0171",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Lean (Bank 1)",
        "de": "System zu mager (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Long-term fuel trim on bank 1 is at the upper limit — the ECU is adding more fuel than baseline to maintain stoichiometric mixture but cannot reach target. Indicates unmetered air entering the intake or insufficient fuel delivery.",
        "de": "Die Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimmung auf Bank 1 hat ihre obere Grenze erreicht — die Motorsteuerung gibt mehr Kraftstoff als den Basiswert zu, um ein stöchiometrisches Gemisch zu halten, erreicht den Zielwert aber nicht. Hinweis auf Falschluft im Ansaugtrakt oder unzureichende Kraftstoffförderung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_injector",
        "pcv_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intake_vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak in intake or PCV system",
            "de": "Falschluft im Ansaugtrakt oder PCV-System"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_contamination",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor contaminated, under-reading",
            "de": "Luftmassenmesser verschmutzt, misst zu wenig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure below specification",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck unter Sollwert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injectors partially clogged",
            "de": "Einspritzdüsen teilweise verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0174"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0172",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Rich (Bank 1)",
        "de": "System zu fett (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Long-term fuel trim on bank 1 is at the lower limit — the ECU is removing fuel from baseline but mixture remains too rich. Indicates excess fuel delivery, restricted air flow, or a faulty oxygen sensor reporting falsely lean.",
        "de": "Die Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimmung auf Bank 1 hat ihre untere Grenze erreicht — die Motorsteuerung reduziert die Einspritzmenge gegenüber dem Basiswert, das Gemisch bleibt aber zu fett. Hinweis auf Überfettung, eingeschränkten Luftdurchsatz oder eine Lambdasonde, die fälschlich mager meldet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_injector",
        "air_filter",
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure regulator stuck closed",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_leaking",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking fuel injector",
            "de": "Undichter Injektor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_filter_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severely blocked air filter",
            "de": "Stark verstopfter Luftfilter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor reporting incorrectly",
            "de": "Lambdasonde liefert falsche Werte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0175"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0173",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Trim Malfunction Bank 2",
        "de": "Gemischanpassung Funktionsstörung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel trims on bank 2 exceed adaptation limits in either lean or rich direction. The ECU cannot maintain stoichiometric mixture within calibrated boundaries.",
        "de": "Die Gemischanpassung auf Bank 2 überschreitet die Adaptionsgrenzen in mager oder fett. Die Motorsteuerung kann das stöchiometrische Gemisch nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Grenzen halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "fuel_injector",
        "intake_manifold"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor bank 2 aged",
            "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak_b2",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak bank 2 side",
            "de": "Falschluft auf Bank 2"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0174",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Lean (Bank 2)",
        "de": "System zu mager (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as P0171 but on bank 2 of a multi-bank engine (V6, V8, flat-six, etc.). When P0171 and P0174 appear together, the cause is usually a shared component such as the MAF sensor or a central vacuum leak rather than a bank-specific fault.",
        "de": "Gleiche Bedingung wie P0171, aber auf Bank 2 eines Mehrbank-Motors (V6, V8, Boxer-6 usw.). Treten P0171 und P0174 gemeinsam auf, liegt die Ursache meist an einer gemeinsamen Komponente wie dem Luftmassenmesser oder einer zentralen Falschluftquelle, nicht an einem bankspezifischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intake_vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Central vacuum leak (intake manifold gasket, brake booster)",
            "de": "Zentrale Falschluftquelle (Saugrohrdichtung, Bremskraftverstärker)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_contamination",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor contaminated",
            "de": "Luftmassenmesser verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure low (affects both banks)",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck zu niedrig (betrifft beide Bänke)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0171"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0175",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Rich (Bank 2)",
        "de": "System zu fett (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as P0172 but on bank 2. When paired with P0172, suspect shared causes (fuel pressure, blocked air filter); when alone, suspect a bank-specific injector or oxygen sensor.",
        "de": "Gleiche Bedingung wie P0172, aber auf Bank 2. Tritt zusammen mit P0172 auf, sind gemeinsame Ursachen wahrscheinlich (Kraftstoffdruck, blockierter Luftfilter); allein auftretend deutet auf einen bankspezifischen Injektor oder eine bankspezifische Lambdasonde hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_injector",
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure regulator stuck closed",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_leaking",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking fuel injector on bank 2",
            "de": "Undichter Injektor auf Bank 2"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0172"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0176",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Zusammensetzungssensor-Schaltkreis fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault in the flex-fuel composition sensor circuit. The sensor measures ethanol content (E0–E85) in the fuel; signal missing, shorted or out of plausible range.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Schaltkreis des Flex-Fuel-Zusammensetzungssensors. Der Sensor misst den Ethanolanteil (E0–E85) im Kraftstoff; Signal fehlt, kurzgeschlossen oder außerhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "flex_fuel_composition_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Flex-fuel sensor failed",
            "de": "Flex-Fuel-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0177",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Range / Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Zusammensetzungssensor Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flex-fuel composition sensor signal is within electrical limits but does not match expected values for the current fuel mix or rate-of-change is implausible.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Flex-Fuel-Zusammensetzungssensors liegt zwar im elektrischen Sollbereich, passt aber nicht zur erwarteten Kraftstoffzusammensetzung oder zeigt eine unplausible Änderungsrate."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "flex_fuel_composition_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drifted out of calibration",
            "de": "Sensor außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel contaminated (water, dirt)",
            "de": "Kraftstoff verunreinigt (Wasser, Schmutz)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0178",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Low Input",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Zusammensetzungssensor Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flex-fuel composition sensor signal is below the minimum threshold. Likely shorted to ground, open circuit or failed sensor.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Flex-Fuel-Zusammensetzungssensors liegt unter dem Mindestwert. Wahrscheinlich Kurzschluss gegen Masse, offener Stromkreis oder defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "flex_fuel_composition_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0179",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit High Input",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Zusammensetzungssensor Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flex-fuel composition sensor signal exceeds the maximum threshold. Likely shorted to voltage, open ground or failed sensor.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Flex-Fuel-Zusammensetzungssensors überschreitet den Maximalwert. Wahrscheinlich Kurzschluss gegen Spannung, offene Masse oder defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "flex_fuel_composition_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P017A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on cylinder head temperature sensor A (CHT sensor — used on engines without conventional ECT).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor A (CHT-Sensor — bei Motoren ohne klassischen ECT)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cht_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P017B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CHT sensor A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des CHT-Sensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cht_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P017C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CHT sensor A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung CHT-Sensor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cht_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P017D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CHT sensor A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung CHT-Sensor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cht_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P017E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from CHT sensor A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom CHT-Sensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cht_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P017F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Module Air Filter Restricted",
        "de": "EVAP-Lecksuchpumpe Luftfilter verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Air filter on the EVAP leak detection pump module is restricted. Leak detection cannot establish reference pressure.",
        "de": "Luftfilter am Modul der EVAP-Lecksuchpumpe ist verstopft. Lecksuche kann Referenzdruck nicht aufbauen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pump_module",
        "pump_air_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air filter clogged with dirt",
            "de": "Luftfilter durch Schmutz verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0180",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor A Schaltkreis fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault in the fuel temperature sensor A circuit. Fuel temperature input is missing or out of plausible range — typical for sensor failure or wiring open/short.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Schaltkreis des Kraftstofftemperatursensors A. Das Temperatursignal fehlt oder ist unplausibel — typisch bei defektem Sensor oder unterbrochener/kurzgeschlossener Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0181",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range / Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor A Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel temperature sensor A signal is within electrical limits but inconsistent with plausibility checks (e.g. doesn't change with engine warmup, disagrees with ambient temperature).",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kraftstofftemperatursensors A liegt zwar im elektrischen Sollbereich, ist aber unplausibel (z. B. ändert sich nicht mit Motorerwärmung, widerspricht der Außentemperatur)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorsignal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_value",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor stuck at fixed value",
            "de": "Sensor bei festem Wert hängengeblieben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0182",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low Input",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor A Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel temperature sensor A signal is below the minimum threshold. Likely shorted to ground or open circuit.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kraftstofftemperatursensors A liegt unter dem Mindestwert. Wahrscheinlich Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder offener Stromkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed shorted",
            "de": "Sensor mit Kurzschluss defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0183",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit High Input",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor A Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel temperature sensor A signal exceeds the maximum threshold. Likely shorted to voltage, open ground or sensor open-circuit.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kraftstofftemperatursensors A überschreitet den Maximalwert. Wahrscheinlich Kurzschluss gegen Spannung, offene Masse oder unterbrochener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor open-circuit",
            "de": "Sensor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0184",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects intermittent dropouts on the fuel temperature sensor A circuit. Loose connector, chafed wiring or sensor failing thermally.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt sporadische Aussetzer am Schaltkreis des Kraftstofftemperatursensors A. Lockerer Stecker, aufgescheuerte Verkabelung oder thermisch versagender Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_a",
        "sensor_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed",
            "de": "Verkabelung aufgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0185",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor B Schaltkreis fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault in the fuel temperature sensor B circuit (second sensor used on systems with separate supply/return temperature monitoring or twin-tank arrangements).",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Schaltkreis des Kraftstofftemperatursensors B (zweiter Sensor bei Systemen mit getrennter Vorlauf-/Rücklauftemperaturüberwachung oder Doppeltanks)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0186",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range / Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor B Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel temperature sensor B reading is within electrical limits but implausible (no warmup change, disagrees with sensor A or ambient).",
        "de": "Signal des Kraftstofftemperatursensors B liegt im elektrischen Sollbereich, ist aber unplausibel (keine Erwärmungsänderung, weicht von Sensor A oder Außentemperatur ab)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drifted",
            "de": "Sensorsignal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_value",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor stuck",
            "de": "Sensor hängengeblieben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0187",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low Input",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor B Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel temperature sensor B signal below minimum. Shorted to ground or sensor open.",
        "de": "Signal des Kraftstofftemperatursensors B unter Mindestwert. Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder Sensor unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0188",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit High Input",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor B Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel temperature sensor B signal exceeds maximum. Shorted to voltage, open ground or open sensor.",
        "de": "Signal des Kraftstofftemperatursensors B überschreitet Maximalwert. Kurzschluss gegen Spannung, offene Masse oder unterbrochener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor open-circuit",
            "de": "Sensor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0189",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kraftstofftemperatursensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects intermittent dropouts on the fuel temperature sensor B circuit. Loose connector, chafed wiring or sensor failing under thermal load.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt sporadische Aussetzer am Schaltkreis des Kraftstofftemperatursensors B. Lockerer Stecker, aufgescheuerte Verkabelung oder thermisch versagender Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_b",
        "sensor_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed",
            "de": "Verkabelung aufgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P018A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on fuel pressure sensor B (second sensor, e.g. low-pressure side or alternative fuel system).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kraftstoffdrucksensor B (zweiter Sensor, z. B. Niederdruckseite oder Alternativkraftstoff)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P018B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Kraftstoffdrucksensors B unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P018C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Kraftstoffdrucksensor B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P018D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Kraftstoffdrucksensor B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P018E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from fuel pressure sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Kraftstoffdrucksensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P018F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel System Over Pressure Relief Valve Frequent Activation",
        "de": "Kraftstoffsystem-Überdruckventil häufige Aktivierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The mechanical pressure relief valve has activated repeatedly within a short window — pressure regulation is failing more than once.",
        "de": "Das mechanische Überdruckventil hat innerhalb kurzer Zeit mehrfach geöffnet — Druckregelung versagt wiederholt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_relief_valve",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator intermittently sticking",
            "de": "Regelventil hängt sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0190",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an out-of-range signal from the fuel rail pressure sensor. The voltage is outside calibrated min/max boundaries during normal operation.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt ein Signal außerhalb des Bereichs am Raildrucksensor. Die Spannung liegt im Normalbetrieb außerhalb der kalibrierten Grenzwerte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rail pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Raildrucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0191",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Range / Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffraildrucksensor Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel rail pressure sensor signal is within electrical limits but doesn't match commanded rail pressure under various engine loads. Common in common-rail diesel and GDI petrol engines.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kraftstoffraildrucksensors liegt im elektrischen Sollbereich, passt aber nicht zum angeforderten Raildruck bei verschiedenen Motorlasten. Häufig bei Common-Rail-Dieseln und Direkteinspritzer-Benzinern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor",
        "high_pressure_pump",
        "rail_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor drifted",
            "de": "Drucksensor driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator stuck",
            "de": "Druckregler hängt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-pressure pump worn",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0192",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Low Input",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor Eingangssignal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a voltage from the fuel rail pressure sensor below the calibrated minimum, indicating short to ground or open supply.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest am Raildrucksensor eine Spannung unterhalb des kalibrierten Minimums, was auf Kurzschluss nach Masse oder offene Versorgung hindeutet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed low",
            "de": "Sensor mit niedrigem Festwert defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0193",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit High Input",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor Eingangssignal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a voltage from the fuel rail pressure sensor above the calibrated maximum, indicating short to power or open ground reference.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest am Raildrucksensor eine Spannung oberhalb des kalibrierten Maximums, was auf Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Massereferenz hindeutet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Bordnetzspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open ground reference",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Massereferenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0194",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kraftstoffraildrucksensor Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects intermittent signal dropouts on the fuel rail pressure sensor. Loose connector, chafed wiring or sensor failing under vibration/heat.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt sporadische Signalaussetzer am Kraftstoffraildrucksensor. Lockerer Stecker, aufgescheuerte Verkabelung oder unter Vibration/Hitze versagender Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed",
            "de": "Verkabelung aufgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0195",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Malfunction",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatursensor fehlerhaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a general electrical fault in the engine oil temperature sensor circuit. Signal missing, shorted or out of plausible range.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen generellen elektrischen Fehler im Schaltkreis des Motoröltemperatursensors. Signal fehlt, kurzgeschlossen oder außerhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Öltemperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0196",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Range / Performance",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatursensor Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine oil temperature sensor signal is within electrical limits but implausible (no warmup change, contradicts coolant temperature).",
        "de": "Signal des Motoröltemperatursensors liegt im elektrischen Sollbereich, ist aber unplausibel (keine Erwärmungsänderung, widerspricht Kühlmitteltemperatur)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drifted",
            "de": "Sensorsignal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_value",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor stuck",
            "de": "Sensor hängengeblieben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0197",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Low",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatursensor Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine oil temperature sensor signal below minimum. Shorted to ground or open.",
        "de": "Signal des Motoröltemperatursensors unter Mindestwert. Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0198",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor High",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatursensor Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine oil temperature sensor signal exceeds maximum. Shorted to voltage, open ground or open sensor.",
        "de": "Signal des Motoröltemperatursensors überschreitet Maximalwert. Kurzschluss gegen Spannung, offene Masse oder unterbrochener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor open-circuit",
            "de": "Sensor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0199",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Intermittent",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatursensor Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects intermittent dropouts on the engine oil temperature sensor circuit. Loose connector, chafed wiring or sensor failing thermally.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt sporadische Aussetzer am Schaltkreis des Motoröltemperatursensors. Lockerer Stecker, aufgescheuerte Verkabelung oder thermisch versagender Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed",
            "de": "Verkabelung aufgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P019A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Rich to Lean Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - fett nach mager Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 sensor 3 O2 sensor reacts only after delay during rich-to-lean transitions.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 3 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang fett→mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P019B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Lean to Rich Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - mager nach fett Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 sensor 3 O2 sensor reacts only after delay during lean-to-rich transitions.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 3 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang mager→fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P019C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Rich to Lean Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - fett nach mager Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 sensor 3 O2 sensor reacts only after delay during rich-to-lean transitions.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 3 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang fett→mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P019D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Delayed Response - Lean to Rich Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde verzögerte Reaktion - mager nach fett Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 sensor 3 O2 sensor reacts only after delay during lean-to-rich transitions.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 2 Sensor 3 reagiert mit Verzögerung beim Übergang mager→fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P019E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Drucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on alternative fuel tank A pressure sensor (CNG, LPG, hydrogen).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Drucksensor des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks A (CNG, LPG, H2)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P019F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Pressure Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Drucksensor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alternative fuel tank A pressure reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-A-Drucksensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Drucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel tank A pressure sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-A-Drucksensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Drucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel tank A pressure sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-A-Drucksensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Drucksensor sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from alt fuel tank A pressure sensor.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-A-Drucksensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail-Drucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on alternative fuel rail pressure sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Rail-Drucksensor des Alternativkraftstoffsystems."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail-Drucksensor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel rail pressure sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Alt-Kraftstoff-Rail-Drucksensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail-Drucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel rail pressure sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Alt-Kraftstoff-Rail-Drucksensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail-Drucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel rail pressure sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Alt-Kraftstoff-Rail-Drucksensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail-Drucksensor sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from alt fuel rail pressure sensor.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Alt-Kraftstoff-Rail-Drucksensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail/System Pressure - Too Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail/System-Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel rail or system pressure below the expected operating range.",
        "de": "Druck im Rail oder Gesamtsystem des Alternativkraftstoffs unter dem Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump",
        "alt_fuel_lines",
        "regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alt fuel pump weak",
            "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail/System Pressure - Too High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail/System-Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel rail or system pressure above the expected operating range.",
        "de": "Druck im Rail oder Gesamtsystem des Alternativkraftstoffs über dem Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_regulator",
        "return_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck closed",
            "de": "Regelventil hängt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank Temperatursensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on alt fuel tank temperature sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel tank temp sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Alt-Kraftstoff-Tank-Temperatursensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank Temperatursensor niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel tank temp sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Alt-Kraftstoff-Tank-Temperatursensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank Temperatursensor hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel tank temp sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Alt-Kraftstoff-Tank-Temperatursensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank Temperatursensor sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from alt fuel tank temp sensor.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Alt-Kraftstoff-Tank-Temperatursensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Level Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Füllstandsensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on alt fuel tank A level sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Füllstandsensor des Alt-Kraftstoff-Tanks A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Level sensor failed",
            "de": "Füllstandsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Level Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Füllstandsensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel tank A level sensor reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Alt-Kraftstoff-Tank-A-Füllstandsensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Level Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Füllstandsensor niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel tank A level sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Alt-Kraftstoff-Tank-A-Füllstandsensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Level Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Füllstandsensor hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel tank A level sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Alt-Kraftstoff-Tank-A-Füllstandsensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Level Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Füllstandsensor sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from alternative fuel tank A level sensor.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Füllstandsensor des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on alternative fuel rail temperature sensor (CNG/LPG/H2 systems).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Rail-Temperatursensor des Alternativkraftstoffsystems."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail-Temperatursensor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel rail temp sensor reading implausible compared to expected behavior.",
        "de": "Wert des Alt-Kraftstoff-Rail-Temperatursensors unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail-Temperatursensor niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel rail temp sensor signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Alt-Kraftstoff-Rail-Temperatursensor unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail-Temperatursensor hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alt fuel rail temp sensor signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Alt-Kraftstoff-Rail-Temperatursensor über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rail-Temperatursensor sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from alt fuel rail temp sensor.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Alt-Kraftstoff-Rail-Temperatursensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatursensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on engine oil temperature sensor B (second sensor for redundancy or different measurement location).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Motoröltemperatursensor B (zweiter Sensor für Redundanz oder andere Messstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_temp_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatursensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine oil temperature sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Motoröltemperatursensors B unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_temp_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatursensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine oil temp sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Motoröltemperatursensor B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_temp_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatursensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine oil temp sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Motoröltemperatursensor B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_temp_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatursensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from engine oil temp sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Motoröltemperatursensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_temp_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the fuel rail pressure sensor on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel rail pressure sensor on bank 2 reads implausibly compared to commanded pressure.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Bank 2 liefert unstimmigen Wert verglichen mit Sollwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel rail pressure sensor B2 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Bank 2 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel rail pressure sensor B2 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Bank 2 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor sporadisch/unstetig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from fuel rail pressure sensor on bank 2.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on fuel pressure sensor A (low- or high-pressure side, system-dependent).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kraftstoffdrucksensor A (Nieder- oder Hochdruckseite, systemabhängig)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure sensor A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Kraftstoffdrucksensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure sensor A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Kraftstoffdrucksensor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure sensor A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Kraftstoffdrucksensor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from fuel pressure sensor A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Kraftstoffdrucksensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail/System Pressure - Too Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail/System-Druck zu niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rail pressure on bank 2 below the target operating range. Power loss and possible limp mode.",
        "de": "Raildruck auf Bank 2 unter dem Sollbereich. Leistungsverlust und ggf. Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "fuel_volume_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP pump worn",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail/System Pressure - Too High Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail/System-Druck zu hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rail pressure on bank 2 above the target operating range. Often regulator or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Raildruck auf Bank 2 über dem Sollbereich. Häufig Regelventil- oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck closed",
            "de": "Regelventil hängt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Too Low - Engine Cranking Bank 2",
        "de": "Raildruck zu niedrig beim Anlassen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Rail pressure on bank 2 fails to reach the start threshold during cranking. Hard or no-start.",
        "de": "Raildruck auf Bank 2 erreicht beim Anlassen nicht den Schwellwert. Schwer- oder Nichtstart."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "lift_pump",
        "fuel_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP pump worn",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 1 lags more than allowed. Often injector wear or response drift.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 1 zu spät. Häufig Injektor-Verschleiß oder Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 1 leads more than allowed. Often injector ageing.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 1 zu früh. Häufig Injektor-Alterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 2 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 2 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 2 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 2 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 3 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 3 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 3 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 3 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 4 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 4 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 4 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 4 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 5 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 5 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 5 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 5 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 6 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 6 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 6 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 6 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 7 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 7 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 7 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 7 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 8 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 8 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 8 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 8 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 9 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 9 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 9 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 9 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 10 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 10 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 10 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 10 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 11 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 11 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 11 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 11 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Injection Timing Performance - Over Retarded",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu spät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 12 lags more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 12 zu spät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Injection Timing Performance - Over Advanced",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Einspritzzeitpunkt zu früh"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection timing on cylinder 12 leads more than allowed.",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 12 zu früh."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 3 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on engine coolant temperature sensor 3 (third measurement location, e.g. radiator outlet or heater core).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 3 (dritte Messstelle, z. B. Kühlerausgang oder Heizungswärmetauscher)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 3 Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECT sensor 3 reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Kühlmitteltemperatursensors 3 unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 3 Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECT sensor 3 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 3 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 3 Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECT sensor 3 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 3 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 3 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 3 sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from ECT sensor 3.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor_3",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Heater A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at engine coolant heater A (electric heater used for fast warm-up or hybrid coolant management).",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Kühlmittel-Heizer A (elektrischer Heizer für schnelles Warmlaufen oder Hybrid-Kühlmittelmanagement)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Heater A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant heater A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Kühlmittel-Heizer A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Heater A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant heater A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Kühlmittel-Heizer A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Heater A Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer A Schaltkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant heater A does not heat the coolant as expected when commanded.",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer A heizt das Kühlmittel bei Anforderung nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element failed",
            "de": "Heizelement defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Heater B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer B Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at engine coolant heater A (electric heater used for fast warm-up or hybrid coolant management).",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Kühlmittel-Heizer A (elektrischer Heizer für schnelles Warmlaufen oder Hybrid-Kühlmittelmanagement)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_b",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Heater B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant heater A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Kühlmittel-Heizer A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_b",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Heater B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant heater A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Kühlmittel-Heizer A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_b",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Heater B Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer B Schaltkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant heater A does not heat the coolant as expected when commanded.",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer A heizt das Kühlmittel bei Anforderung nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element failed",
            "de": "Heizelement defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Temperature Relapsed Below Diagnostic Monitoring Temperature",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur unter Diagnose-Schwelltemperatur abgefallen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant temperature dropped below the diagnostic monitoring threshold after warm-up. Often thermostat stuck open or stuck-open coolant heater bypass.",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur ist nach Erreichen der Betriebstemperatur unter den Diagnose-Schwellwert abgefallen. Häufig Thermostat hängt offen oder Kühlmittel-Bypass undicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermostat",
        "coolant_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck open",
            "de": "Thermostat hängt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltkreis Bank 1 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the bank 1, sensor 4 oxygen sensor (fourth sensor downstream — used on systems with multiple cat stages or NOx-trap diagnosis).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 4 (vierter Sensor stromabwärts — bei Systemen mit mehreren Kat-Stufen oder NOx-Speicherkat-Diagnose)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s4",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltkreis Spannung niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 sensor 4 O2 sensor signal voltage below expected range — short to ground or sensor stuck low.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 4 unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss oder Sensor klemmt niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s4",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltkreis Spannung hoch Bank 1 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 sensor 4 O2 sensor signal voltage above expected range — short to power or sensor stuck high.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 4 über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder Sensor klemmt hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s4",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltkreis langsame Reaktion Bank 1 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 sensor 4 O2 sensor responds too slowly to mixture changes. Sensor aged.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 4 reagiert zu langsam auf Gemischwechsel. Sensor gealtert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Schaltkreis keine Aktivität Bank 1 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 sensor 4 O2 sensor shows no signal change despite operating conditions that should produce activity.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 4 zeigt trotz aktivierender Betriebsbedingungen keine Signaländerung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s4",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_dead",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor dead or unheated",
            "de": "Sensor defekt oder unbeheizt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Signal verschoben/klemmt mager Bank 1 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 sensor 4 O2 sensor signal is biased low — sensor stuck reading lean regardless of true mixture.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 4 hängt im Mager-Bereich, unabhängig vom tatsächlichen Gemisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Signal verschoben/klemmt fett Bank 1 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 sensor 4 O2 sensor signal is biased high — sensor stuck reading rich regardless of true mixture.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 4 hängt im Fett-Bereich, unabhängig vom tatsächlichen Gemisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Heater A Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer A Endstufen-Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Driver stage of coolant heater A reports overcurrent or overtemperature. Likely short or thermal shutdown.",
        "de": "Endstufe des Kühlmittel-Heizers A meldet Überstrom oder Übertemperatur. Wahrscheinlich Kurzschluss oder thermische Abschaltung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "heater_driver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short circuit in heater wiring or element",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in Heizung oder Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Heater B Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Heizer B Endstufen-Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Driver stage of coolant heater A reports overcurrent or overtemperature. Likely short or thermal shutdown.",
        "de": "Endstufe des Kühlmittel-Heizers A meldet Überstrom oder Übertemperatur. Wahrscheinlich Kurzschluss oder thermische Abschaltung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_b",
        "heater_driver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short circuit in heater wiring or element",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in Heizung oder Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on turbocharger outlet pressure sensor B (second turbo or second measurement location).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor B (zweiter Turbo oder zweite Messstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo outlet pressure sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensors B unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo outlet pressure sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Turbo-Ausgangsdrucksensor B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo outlet pressure sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Turbo-Ausgangsdrucksensor B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from turbo outlet pressure sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Turbo-Ausgangsdrucksensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P01FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Outlet Pressure Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ausgangsdrucksensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbocharger outlet pressure sensors A and B disagree beyond plausible deviation.",
        "de": "Turbo-Ausgangsdrucksensoren A und B weichen über plausibles Maß ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_a",
        "turbo_outlet_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0200",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Injektor-Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic open circuit on the injector circuit (no specific cylinder reported). Often a wiring issue affecting multiple injectors.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner unterbrochener Schaltkreis im Injektor-System (ohne Zylinderangabe). Häufig Verkabelungsproblem mehrerer Injektoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder loser Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0201",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 1",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 1 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 1 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring",
        "ecu_injector_driver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU injector driver damaged",
            "de": "Endstufe im Steuergerät beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0202",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 2",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 2 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 2 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0203",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 3",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 3 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 3 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0204",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 4",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 4 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 4 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0205",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 5",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 5 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 5 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0201"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0206",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 6",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 6"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 6 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 6 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0201"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0207",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 7",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 7"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 7 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 7 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0201"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0208",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 8",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 8"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 8 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 8 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0201"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0209",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 9",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 9"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 9 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 9 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0201"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P020A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P020B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P020C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 3.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P020D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 4.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 4."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P020E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 5.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P020F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 6.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 6."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0210",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 10",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 10"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 10 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 10 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0201"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0211",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 11",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 11"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 11 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 11 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0201"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0212",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Circuit Malfunction — Cylinder 12",
        "de": "Injektor Schaltung Fehlfunktion — Zylinder 12"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the cylinder 12 injector circuit — open winding, short to ground or short to supply. This typically disables that injector to protect the driver stage in the ECU; the cylinder runs without fuel and triggers a misfire code as well.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis des Injektors für Zylinder 12 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgungsspannung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor üblicherweise, um die Endstufe zu schützen; der Zylinder läuft ohne Kraftstoff und löst zusätzlich einen Aussetzer-Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0201"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0213",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Injector 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Injektor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault detected on cold start injector 1 (auxiliary injector for cold engine starting on some older systems).",
        "de": "Fehler am Kaltstart-Injektor 1 (Zusatz-Injektor für Kaltstart bei älteren Systemen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cold_start_injector_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold start injector failed",
            "de": "Kaltstart-Injektor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0214",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Injector 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Injektor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault detected on cold start injector 2.",
        "de": "Fehler am Kaltstart-Injektor 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cold_start_injector_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold start injector failed",
            "de": "Kaltstart-Injektor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0215",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Shutoff Solenoid",
        "de": "Motorabstell-Magnetventil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault detected on the engine shutoff solenoid (used on diesels and some petrol engines to stop fuel flow at engine off).",
        "de": "Fehler am Motorabstell-Magnetventil (bei Dieseln und manchen Ottomotoren zum Motorstopp)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shutoff_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid failed",
            "de": "Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0216",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector/Injection Timing Control Circuit",
        "de": "Injektor-/Einspritzzeitsteuerungs-Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the injection timing control circuit (used on mechanical injection pumps with electronic timing control).",
        "de": "Fehler am Schaltkreis zur Einspritzzeitsteuerung (bei mechanischen Einspritzpumpen mit elektronischer Verstellung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "timing_control_solenoid",
        "injection_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing control solenoid failed",
            "de": "Verstell-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0217",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Over Temperature Condition",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant temperature exceeded the safe maximum. Engine overheating event detected — risk of head gasket damage or seizure.",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur hat den Sicherheitswert überschritten. Überhitzung erkannt — Risiko Zylinderkopfdichtung oder Motorschaden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_system",
        "thermostat",
        "water_pump",
        "radiator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck closed",
            "de": "Thermostat hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_coolant",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low coolant level (leak)",
            "de": "Kühlmittelmangel (Leck)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_pump_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water pump failed",
            "de": "Wasserpumpe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0218",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Over Temperature",
        "de": "Getriebeöl Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM/PCM detected that automatic transmission fluid temperature exceeded the safe operating threshold. Continued operation accelerates wear on clutches and friction surfaces; many vehicles will engage a fail-safe mode and limit gear selection.",
        "de": "Das TCM/PCM hat erkannt, dass die ATF-Temperatur den sicheren Betriebsbereich überschritten hat. Längerer Betrieb beschleunigt den Verschleiß von Kupplungen und Reibflächen; viele Fahrzeuge schalten in einen Notlauf und begrenzen die Gangwahl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid",
        "transmission_cooler",
        "transmission_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_atf_or_old_atf",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low or degraded transmission fluid",
            "de": "Zu wenig oder verbrauchtes Getriebeöl"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission cooler blocked or restricted",
            "de": "Getriebeölkühler verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_load_towing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained heavy load or towing",
            "de": "Dauerlast oder Anhängerbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0219",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Overspeed Condition",
        "de": "Motorüberdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU recorded an engine speed above the manufacturer's redline limit. Typical causes are missed downshifts, mis-shifts on a manual gearbox, or runaway diesel events. The code is informational but may trigger fuel cut-off and protective derate.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung hat eine Drehzahl oberhalb der Werks-Drehzahlgrenze gespeichert. Typische Ursachen — Fehlschaltung beim Schaltgetriebe, falsche Rückschaltung oder Diesel-Durchgehen. Der Code ist informativ, kann aber Kraftstoffabschaltung und Notlauf auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missed_downshift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Missed downshift on manual transmission",
            "de": "Fehlschaltung am Schaltgetriebe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cps_signal_glitch",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Crankshaft sensor signal spike",
            "de": "Signalspitze am Kurbelwellensensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P021A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 7.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 7."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P021B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 8.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 8."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P021C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 9.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 9."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P021D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 10.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 10."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P021E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 11.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 11."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P021F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing fault on cylinder 12.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 12."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0220",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch \"B\" Circuit",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"B\" Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault was detected in the secondary (B) throttle or pedal position sensor circuit. Modern drive-by-wire systems use redundant TPS tracks; the ECU compares them and flags this code on the B channel when out of range.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im sekundären (B) Drosselklappen- oder Pedalstellungssensor-Stromkreis. Moderne E-Gas-Systeme nutzen redundante TPS-Spuren; die Motorsteuerung vergleicht sie und setzt diesen Code für den Kanal B bei Werten außerhalb des Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_b",
        "pedal_position_sensor",
        "tps_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS B element failed",
            "de": "TPS-Spur B defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0221",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch \"B\" Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"B\" Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The B channel of the throttle or pedal position sensor reports values that do not correlate with the A channel or with engine load. Often caused by mechanical wear in the resistive track or by a sticking pedal/throttle plate.",
        "de": "Der Kanal B des Drosselklappen- oder Pedalstellungssensors meldet Werte, die nicht mit Kanal A oder der Motorlast übereinstimmen. Häufige Ursache — mechanischer Verschleiß der Widerstandsbahn oder hängendes Pedal/Drosselklappe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_b",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_track_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Resistive track worn",
            "de": "Widerstandsbahn verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_body_sticking",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle plate sticking",
            "de": "Drosselklappe hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0220"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0222",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch \"B\" Circuit Low Input",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"B\" Schaltung niedriger Eingang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The B channel voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold, suggesting an open circuit, short to ground, or sensor element failure on track B.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des Kanals B liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert — Hinweis auf Unterbrechung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder Defekt der Sensorbahn B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_b",
        "tps_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_b_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS B circuit open or shorted to ground",
            "de": "TPS-B Stromkreis offen oder Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0220"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0223",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch \"B\" Circuit High Input",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"B\" Schaltung hoher Eingang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The B channel voltage is above the upper diagnostic threshold, typically caused by a short to supply voltage or a defective sensor.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des Kanals B liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert — typische Ursache ist ein Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung oder ein defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_b",
        "tps_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_b_short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS B circuit shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "TPS-B Stromkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS B element failed",
            "de": "TPS-Spur B defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0220"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0224",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor B sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from throttle position sensor B (electronic throttle systems use redundant sensors).",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Drosselklappenpositionssensor B (E-Drosselsysteme nutzen redundante Sensoren)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0225",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch C Circuit",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor C Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on throttle/pedal position sensor C (third sensor in some redundant designs).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor C (dritter Sensor in manchen redundanten Designs)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0226",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor C Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle position sensor C signal is not tracking the other channels of the redundant TPS within tolerance. The ECU compares all three channels and detects rationality failure.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Drosselklappensensors C folgt den anderen Kanälen des redundanten Sensors nicht innerhalb der Toleranz. Die Motorsteuerung vergleicht alle drei Kanäle und erkennt Plausibilitätsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS contact aging",
            "de": "Verschleiß der Sensorkontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dirty_throttle_body",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dirty or sticking throttle plate",
            "de": "Verschmutzte oder klemmende Drosselklappe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0227",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor C niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle position sensor C signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Drosselklappenpositionssensor C unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0228",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch C Circuit High",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor C hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle position sensor C signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Drosselklappenpositionssensor C über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0229",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch C Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor C sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from throttle position sensor C.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Drosselklappenpositionssensor C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P022A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Control A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at charge air cooler bypass control A — bypass valve cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Ladeluftkühler-Bypass A — Bypassventil kann nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_valve_a",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P022B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Control A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC bypass control A voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung CAC-Bypass A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_valve_a",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P022C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Control A Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC bypass control A voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung CAC-Bypass A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_valve_a",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P022D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Control B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass B Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at charge air cooler bypass control A — bypass valve cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Ladeluftkühler-Bypass A — Bypassventil kann nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_valve_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P022E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Control B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC bypass control A voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung CAC-Bypass A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_valve_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P022F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Control B Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC bypass control A voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung CAC-Bypass A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_valve_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0230",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Primary Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe Primärkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault in the fuel pump primary control circuit (relay or driver). The ECU detects an open, short, or out-of-range condition on the relay/driver output.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Primär-Steuerkreis der Kraftstoffpumpe (Relais oder Treiber). Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen offenen, kurzgeschlossenen oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegenden Zustand am Relais- oder Treiberausgang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_relay",
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pump relay failed",
            "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0231",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe Sekundärkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage on the secondary side of the fuel pump circuit is below the expected level when the pump is commanded on. Often caused by a failed pump motor, corroded ground, or wiring fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Sekundärseite des Kraftstoffpumpenkreises liegt bei aktivierter Pumpe unter dem erwarteten Wert. Häufige Ursachen — defekter Pumpenmotor, korrodierte Masse oder Verkabelungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pump motor failed or worn",
            "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmotor defekt oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_ground_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump ground point corroded",
            "de": "Massepunkt der Pumpe korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0230"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0232",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe Sekundärkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage on the secondary side of the fuel pump circuit is higher than expected. Typical of a stuck relay or short to supply voltage that keeps the pump powered when it should be off.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Sekundärseite des Kraftstoffpumpenkreises liegt über dem erwarteten Wert. Typisch für ein hängendes Relais oder einen Kurzschluss gegen Versorgungsspannung, der die Pumpe versorgt, obwohl sie aus sein sollte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_relay",
        "fuel_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_relay_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump relay stuck closed",
            "de": "Pumpenrelais hängend geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0230"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0233",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe Sekundärkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent fault on the secondary fuel pump circuit (transfer/lift pump or low-pressure stage).",
        "de": "Sporadischer Fehler am Sekundärkreis der Kraftstoffpumpe (Förder-/Vorpumpe oder Niederdruckstufe)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_fuel_pump",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0234",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger \"A\" Overboost Condition",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor \"A\" Überdruck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost pressure exceeded the upper limit during commanded full load. The ECU usually drops fuel and ignition or commands the wastegate fully open to protect the engine; persistent overboost can crack pistons or rings.",
        "de": "Der Ladedruck hat die obere Grenze unter Volllast überschritten. Die Motorsteuerung nimmt Einspritzung und Zündung zurück oder öffnet das Wastegate vollständig, um den Motor zu schützen; anhaltender Überdruck kann Kolben oder Kolbenringe beschädigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger",
        "wastegate_actuator",
        "boost_pressure_sensor",
        "vacuum_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate stuck closed (carbon, broken linkage)",
            "de": "Wastegate hängt geschlossen (Verkokung, gebrochenes Gestänge)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "boost_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost control solenoid failed",
            "de": "Ladedruck-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_line_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum/pressure line cracked",
            "de": "Unterdruck-/Druckleitung rissig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0235",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor \"A\" Circuit",
        "de": "Lader-Ladedrucksensor \"A\" Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected an electrical fault in the primary (A) boost pressure sensor circuit. The signal does not match plausibility checks against MAP, RPM, and load. With no boost feedback, the ECU typically limits boost via the wastegate.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am primären (A) Ladedrucksensor. Das Signal besteht die Plausibilitätsprüfung gegenüber MAP, Drehzahl und Last nicht. Ohne Ladedruck-Rückmeldung begrenzt die Steuerung üblicherweise den Ladedruck über das Wastegate."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor",
        "boost_sensor_wiring",
        "turbocharger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "boost_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Ladedrucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0236",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor \"A\" Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Lader-Ladedrucksensor \"A\" Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The boost pressure A signal stays within electrical limits but does not match expected values for the current operating point. Typical causes are leaking charge piping, a stuck wastegate, or sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Ladedrucksignal A bleibt elektrisch im gültigen Bereich, weicht aber von den erwarteten Werten für den aktuellen Betriebspunkt ab. Typische Ursachen — Ladeluftleitung undicht, hängendes Wastegate oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor",
        "charge_air_piping",
        "wastegate"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charge_pipe_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge air piping leaking",
            "de": "Ladeluftleitung undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wastegate_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate stuck or seized",
            "de": "Wastegate hängend oder fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensordrift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0235"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0237",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor \"A\" Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lader-Ladedrucksensor \"A\" Schaltung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The boost pressure A signal voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open circuit, short to ground, or sensor element failure.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des Ladedrucksensors A liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert — Unterbrechung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor",
        "boost_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "boost_sensor_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor circuit shorted to ground or open",
            "de": "Sensorstromkreis Masseschluss oder Unterbrechung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "boost_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Ladedrucksensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0235"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0238",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor \"A\" Circuit High",
        "de": "Lader-Ladedrucksensor \"A\" Schaltung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The boost pressure A signal voltage is above the upper diagnostic threshold — short to supply voltage or defective sensor.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des Ladedrucksensors A liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert — Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung oder defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor",
        "boost_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "boost_sensor_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor circuit shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Sensorstromkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "boost_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Ladedrucksensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0235"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0239",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on boost pressure sensor B (twin-turbo or two-stage system).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Ladedrucksensor B (Twin-Turbo oder zweistufig)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P023A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at charge air cooler coolant pump A (water-cooled CAC system).",
        "de": "Unterbrechung an der Kühlmittelpumpe A des Ladeluftkühlers (wassergekühlter LLK)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_a",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P023B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC coolant pump A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung CAC-Kühlmittelpumpe A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_a",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P023C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC coolant pump A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung CAC-Kühlmittelpumpe A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_a",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P023D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure - Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor A Correlation",
        "de": "Saugrohrdruck zu Ladedrucksensor A Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Manifold absolute pressure and boost sensor A readings disagree beyond plausible deviation.",
        "de": "Saugrohrdruck und Ladedrucksensor A weichen über plausibles Maß ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "boost_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P023E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure - Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor B Correlation",
        "de": "Saugrohrdruck zu Ladedrucksensor B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Manifold absolute pressure and boost sensor B readings disagree beyond plausible deviation.",
        "de": "Saugrohrdruck und Ladedrucksensor B weichen über plausibles Maß ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor",
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Einer der Sensoren verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P023F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe Sekundärkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the secondary fuel pump (transfer/lift pump). Pump cannot be driven.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Sekundärkreis der Kraftstoffpumpe (Förder-/Vorpumpe). Pumpe lässt sich nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_fuel_pump",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0240",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost pressure sensor B reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des Ladedrucksensors B unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0241",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost pressure sensor B signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Ladedrucksensor B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0242",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost pressure sensor B signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Ladedrucksensor B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0243",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Actuator A",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate-Aktuator A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on wastegate actuator A.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Wastegate-Aktuator A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator_a",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0244",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Actuator A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate-Aktuator A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wastegate actuator A does not respond mechanically as expected. Linkage wear or carbon binding.",
        "de": "Wastegate-Aktuator A reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß. Gestängeverschleiß oder Verkokung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator_a",
        "linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "linkage_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage worn or carbon-bound",
            "de": "Gestänge verschlissen oder verkokt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0245",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Solenoid \"A\" Low",
        "de": "Lader-Wastegate-Magnetventil \"A\" niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected the wastegate control solenoid A circuit voltage below the lower threshold — typically open winding or short to ground. With the solenoid inactive, the wastegate either stays open (no boost) or fully closed (overboost), depending on system layout.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt am Stellmagneten A des Wastegates eine Spannung unter dem unteren Schwellwert — meist offene Wicklung oder Masseschluss. Ohne Magnetventil bleibt das Wastegate offen (kein Ladedruck) oder ganz geschlossen (Überdruck), je nach Systemauslegung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring",
        "turbocharger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0246",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Solenoid \"A\" High",
        "de": "Lader-Wastegate-Magnetventil \"A\" hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected the wastegate control solenoid A circuit voltage below the lower threshold — typically open winding or short to ground. With the solenoid inactive, the wastegate either stays open (no boost) or fully closed (overboost), depending on system layout.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt am Stellmagneten A des Wastegates eine Spannung unter dem unteren Schwellwert — meist offene Wicklung oder Masseschluss. Ohne Magnetventil bleibt das Wastegate offen (kein Ladedruck) oder ganz geschlossen (Überdruck), je nach Systemauslegung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_solenoid_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Stromkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU driver damaged",
            "de": "Endstufe im Steuergerät beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0245"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0247",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Wastegate Solenoid B Low",
        "de": "Turbolader-Wastegate-Magnetventil B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for wastegate solenoid B reports a voltage below the expected range. Likely a short to ground, open winding or wiring fault.",
        "de": "Der Ansteuerkreis des Wastegate-Magnetventils B meldet eine Spannung unterhalb des erwarteten Bereichs. Ursache ist meist Masseschluss, offene Wicklung oder Kabelfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_solenoid",
        "turbocharger",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate solenoid B defective",
            "de": "Wastegate-Magnetventil B defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded",
            "de": "Stecker korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0245",
        "P0246",
        "P0248"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0248",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Wastegate Solenoid B High",
        "de": "Turbolader-Wastegate-Magnetventil B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for wastegate solenoid B reports a voltage above the expected range. Typical causes are a short to power or an open ground.",
        "de": "Der Ansteuerkreis des Wastegate-Magnetventils B meldet eine Spannung oberhalb des erwarteten Bereichs. Übliche Ursachen sind Spannungsschluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_solenoid",
        "turbocharger",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate solenoid B defective",
            "de": "Wastegate-Magnetventil B defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_wiring_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Spannungsschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground circuit open",
            "de": "Massekreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0245",
        "P0246",
        "P0247"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0249",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Actuator B Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate-Aktuator B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wastegate actuator B control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Wastegate-Aktuator B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P024A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Control A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC bypass A does not respond mechanically as expected — bypass valve binding or actuator weak.",
        "de": "CAC-Bypass A reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß — Bypassventil hakt oder Aktuator schwach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_valve_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_binding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass valve binding",
            "de": "Bypassventil hakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P024B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Control A Stuck",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass A klemmt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC bypass A is mechanically stuck and does not move when commanded.",
        "de": "CAC-Bypass A klemmt mechanisch und bewegt sich auf Anforderung nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_valve_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck by carbon",
            "de": "Ventil durch Verkokung blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P024C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Position Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass-Positionssensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on CAC bypass position sensor A (feedback sensor for bypass valve).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Positionssensor A des CAC-Bypass (Rückmeldesensor)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P024D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass-Positionssensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC bypass position sensor A reading implausible.",
        "de": "Wert des CAC-Bypass-Positionssensors A unstimmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P024E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Position Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass-Positionssensor A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC bypass position sensor A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung CAC-Bypass-Positionssensor A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P024F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Bypass Position Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Bypass-Positionssensor A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC bypass position sensor A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung CAC-Bypass-Positionssensor A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_bypass_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0250",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Actuator B High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate-Aktuator B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wastegate actuator B control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Wastegate-Aktuator B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0251",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control A (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Mengenregelung A (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the fuel metering control A of the injection pump (mechanical or rotary distribution pumps).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler an der Mengenregelung A der Einspritzpumpe (mechanische oder Verteiler-Einspritzpumpen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump",
        "metering_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metering actuator failed",
            "de": "Mengenregelung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0252",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control A Range/Performance (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Mengenregelung A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection pump metering control A does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Mengenregelung A der Einspritzpumpe reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump",
        "metering_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator drifted",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0253",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control A Low (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Mengenregelung A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection pump metering control A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Mengenregelung A der Einspritzpumpe unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "metering_actuator_a",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0254",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control A High (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Mengenregelung A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection pump metering control A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Mengenregelung A der Einspritzpumpe über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "metering_actuator_a",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0255",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control A Intermittent (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Mengenregelung A sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal on injection pump metering control A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal an der Mengenregelung A der Einspritzpumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "metering_actuator_a",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0256",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control B (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Mengenregelung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the fuel metering control A of the injection pump (mechanical or rotary distribution pumps).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler an der Mengenregelung A der Einspritzpumpe (mechanische oder Verteiler-Einspritzpumpen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "metering_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metering actuator B failed",
            "de": "Mengenregelung B defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0257",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control B Range/Performance (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Mengenregelung B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection pump metering control A does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Mengenregelung A der Einspritzpumpe reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "metering_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator B drifted",
            "de": "Aktuator B verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0258",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control B Low (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Mengenregelung B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection pump metering control A signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Mengenregelung A der Einspritzpumpe unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "metering_actuator_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0259",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control B High (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Mengenregelung B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Injection pump metering control A signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Mengenregelung A der Einspritzpumpe über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "metering_actuator_b",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P025A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Module A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmodul A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at fuel pump module A control. Pump control unit cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Schaltkreis des Kraftstoffpumpenmoduls A. Pumpensteuergerät lässt sich nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_a",
        "module_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P025B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Module A Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmodul A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pump module A does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmodul A reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P025C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Module A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmodul A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pump module A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Kraftstoffpumpenmodul A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_a",
        "module_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P025D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Module A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmodul A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pump module A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Kraftstoffpumpenmodul A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_a",
        "module_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P025E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from boost pressure sensor A.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Ladedrucksensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P025F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent signal from boost pressure sensor B.",
        "de": "Sporadisches Signal vom Ladedrucksensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0260",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injector Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 1 Schaltkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector drive circuit for cylinder 1 does not respond as expected. Pulse width or current feedback differs from the commanded value, indicating a wiring, driver or solenoid problem.",
        "de": "Der Ansteuerkreis des Einspritzventils Zylinder 1 reagiert nicht wie erwartet. Impulsdauer oder Stromrückmeldung weicht vom Sollwert ab und deutet auf Verkabelung, Treiber oder Magnetspule hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector",
        "injector_wiring",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open or shorted",
            "de": "Wicklung des Injektors offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector damaged",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM injector driver damaged",
            "de": "Einspritztreiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0261",
        "P0262",
        "P0263"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0261",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injector Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Injektorstromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 1 injector control circuit voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open winding, short to ground, or wiring fault. The ECU disables the injector to protect the driver stage.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Steuerkreis des Injektors Zylinder 1 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kabelfehler. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor zum Schutz der Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring",
        "ecu_injector_driver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0262",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injector Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Injektorstromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 1 injector control circuit voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open winding, short to ground, or wiring fault. The ECU disables the injector to protect the driver stage.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Steuerkreis des Injektors Zylinder 1 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kabelfehler. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor zum Schutz der Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Stromkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0261"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0263",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Contribution/Balance Fault",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Beitrag/Balance Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU compares each cylinder's contribution to crankshaft speed (rough run analysis) and determined cylinder 1 contributes less or more than the average. This points to a mechanical or fuel delivery problem rather than a pure ignition fault.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung vergleicht den Beitrag jedes Zylinders zur Kurbelwellendrehzahl (Laufruhenanalyse) und stellt fest, dass Zylinder 1 weniger oder mehr beiträgt als der Durchschnitt. Hinweis auf mechanisches Problem oder Kraftstoffversorgungsfehler statt reiner Zündungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "intake_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or worn",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression am Zylinder"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intake_leak_local",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Localized intake leak",
            "de": "Örtliches Ansaugleck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0264",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injector Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Injektorstromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 2 injector control circuit voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open winding, short to ground, or wiring fault. The ECU disables the injector to protect the driver stage.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Steuerkreis des Injektors Zylinder 2 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kabelfehler. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor zum Schutz der Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0261"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0265",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injector Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Injektorstromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 2 injector control circuit voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open winding, short to ground, or wiring fault. The ECU disables the injector to protect the driver stage.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Steuerkreis des Injektors Zylinder 2 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kabelfehler. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor zum Schutz der Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Stromkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0262"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0266",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Contribution/Balance Fault",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Beitrag/Balance Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU compares each cylinder's contribution to crankshaft speed (rough run analysis) and determined cylinder 2 contributes less or more than the average. This points to a mechanical or fuel delivery problem rather than a pure ignition fault.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung vergleicht den Beitrag jedes Zylinders zur Kurbelwellendrehzahl (Laufruhenanalyse) und stellt fest, dass Zylinder 2 weniger oder mehr beiträgt als der Durchschnitt. Hinweis auf mechanisches Problem oder Kraftstoffversorgungsfehler statt reiner Zündungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "cylinder_compression"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or worn",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression am Zylinder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0263"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0267",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injector Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Injektorstromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 3 injector control circuit voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open winding, short to ground, or wiring fault. The ECU disables the injector to protect the driver stage.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Steuerkreis des Injektors Zylinder 3 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kabelfehler. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor zum Schutz der Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0261"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0268",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injector Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Injektorstromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 3 injector control circuit voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open winding, short to ground, or wiring fault. The ECU disables the injector to protect the driver stage.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Steuerkreis des Injektors Zylinder 3 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kabelfehler. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor zum Schutz der Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Stromkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0262"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0269",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Contribution/Balance Fault",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Beitrag/Balance Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU compares each cylinder's contribution to crankshaft speed (rough run analysis) and determined cylinder 3 contributes less or more than the average. This points to a mechanical or fuel delivery problem rather than a pure ignition fault.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung vergleicht den Beitrag jedes Zylinders zur Kurbelwellendrehzahl (Laufruhenanalyse) und stellt fest, dass Zylinder 3 weniger oder mehr beiträgt als der Durchschnitt. Hinweis auf mechanisches Problem oder Kraftstoffversorgungsfehler statt reiner Zündungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "cylinder_compression"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or worn",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression am Zylinder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0263"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P026A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Efficiency Below Threshold",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler efficiency dropped below diagnostic threshold — intake air not cooled enough after compression. Risk of knock and loss of power.",
        "de": "Wirkungsgrad des Ladeluftkühlers unter Diagnose-Schwelle — Ansaugluft wird nach Verdichtung nicht ausreichend gekühlt. Klopf- und Leistungsverlust-Risiko."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intercooler",
        "cac_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intercooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intercooler airflow blocked or core damaged",
            "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Luftstrom blockiert oder Netz beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P026B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Timing Performance",
        "de": "Einspritzzeitpunkt Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic injection timing performance fault — actual timing deviates from target.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Einspritzzeitpunkt — Ist-Wert weicht vom Soll ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "timing_chain"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector response drifted",
            "de": "Injektor-Reaktion verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P026C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injection Quantity A Lower Than Expected",
        "de": "Einspritzmenge A geringer als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel injection quantity A is lower than the commanded amount. Often clogged or worn injector.",
        "de": "Einspritzmenge A unter Sollwert. Häufig verstopfter oder verschlissener Injektor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P026D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injection Quantity A Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Einspritzmenge A höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel injection quantity A is higher than commanded — often a leaking injector or stuck-open nozzle.",
        "de": "Einspritzmenge A über Sollwert — häufig undichter Injektor oder klemmende Düse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking or stuck open",
            "de": "Injektor undicht oder klemmt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P026E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump A Performance",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC coolant pump A does not deliver expected flow when commanded.",
        "de": "CAC-Kühlmittelpumpe A liefert bei Anforderung nicht den erwarteten Durchfluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump worn or clogged",
            "de": "Pumpe verschlissen oder verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P026F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Thermostat Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Thermostat Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Thermostat does not regulate coolant temperature in the expected range. Often stuck open (slow warmup) or stuck closed (overheat).",
        "de": "Thermostat regelt die Kühlmitteltemperatur nicht im erwarteten Bereich. Häufig offen (langsames Warmlaufen) oder geschlossen (Überhitzung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermostat"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck",
            "de": "Thermostat hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0270",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injector Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Injektorstromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 4 injector control circuit voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open winding, short to ground, or wiring fault. The ECU disables the injector to protect the driver stage.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Steuerkreis des Injektors Zylinder 4 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kabelfehler. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor zum Schutz der Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding failed open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0261"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0271",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injector Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Injektorstromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 4 injector control circuit voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open winding, short to ground, or wiring fault. The ECU disables the injector to protect the driver stage.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Steuerkreis des Injektors Zylinder 4 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kabelfehler. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Injektor zum Schutz der Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Stromkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0262"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0272",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Contribution/Balance Fault",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Beitrag/Balance Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU compares each cylinder's contribution to crankshaft speed (rough run analysis) and determined cylinder 4 contributes less or more than the average. This points to a mechanical or fuel delivery problem rather than a pure ignition fault.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung vergleicht den Beitrag jedes Zylinders zur Kurbelwellendrehzahl (Laufruhenanalyse) und stellt fest, dass Zylinder 4 weniger oder mehr beiträgt als der Durchschnitt. Hinweis auf mechanisches Problem oder Kraftstoffversorgungsfehler statt reiner Zündungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "cylinder_compression"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or worn",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression am Zylinder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0263"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0273",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Contribution/Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Beitrag/Auswuchtung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU compares torque contribution of cylinder 2 against other cylinders by analyzing crankshaft angular velocity. Persistent low contribution triggers this code.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung vergleicht den Drehmomentbeitrag von Zylinder 2 mit den übrigen Zylindern anhand der Kurbelwellenwinkelgeschwindigkeit. Anhaltend niedriger Beitrag löst diesen Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "compression"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow low",
            "de": "Injektor mit zu geringer Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression cylinder 2",
            "de": "Zu geringe Kompression Zylinder 2"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0274",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injector A Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Injektor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 injector A control voltage above expected range — short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 5 über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl5",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0275",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Contribution/Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Beitrag/Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 contributes less power to the engine than the other cylinders. Compression, ignition, or injection issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 trägt weniger Leistung bei als die anderen. Kompressions-, Zünd- oder Einspritzfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl5",
        "ignition_coil_cyl5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_or_ignition",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector or ignition coil weak on cylinder 5",
            "de": "Injektor oder Zündspule Zylinder 5 schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0276",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injector A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Injektor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 injector A control voltage below expected range — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 6 unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl6",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0277",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injector A Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Injektor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 injector A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 6 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl6",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0278",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Contribution/Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Beitrag/Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 contributes less power than expected.",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 trägt weniger Leistung bei als erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl6",
        "ignition_coil_cyl6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_or_ignition",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector or ignition coil weak on cylinder 6",
            "de": "Injektor oder Zündspule Zylinder 6 schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0279",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injector A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Injektor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 injector A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 7 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl7",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P027A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Module B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmodul B Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at fuel pump module B (second pump module on dual-tank or high-output fuel systems).",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Kraftstoffpumpenmodul B (zweites Modul bei Doppeltank oder Hochleistungssystemen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_b",
        "module_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P027B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Module B Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmodul B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pump module B does not respond as expected.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmodul B reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module B internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler in Modul B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P027C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Module B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmodul B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pump module B control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Kraftstoffpumpenmodul B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_b",
        "module_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P027D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Module B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenmodul B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pump module B control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Kraftstoffpumpenmodul B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_b",
        "module_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P027E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Quantity A Lower Than Expected",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Einspritzmenge A geringer als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start the injection quantity A is below the commanded amount. Hard starting in cold conditions.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liegt die Einspritzmenge A unter dem Sollwert. Schwerer Start bei Kälte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P027F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Quantity A Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Einspritzmenge A höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start injection quantity A is above commanded — over-fueling, possible flooding.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liegt die Einspritzmenge A über Sollwert — Überfettung, möglicher Säuferstart."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking",
            "de": "Injektor undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0280",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injector A Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Injektor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 injector A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 7 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl7",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0281",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Contribution/Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Beitrag/Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 contributes less power than expected.",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 trägt weniger Leistung bei als erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl7",
        "ignition_coil_cyl7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_or_ignition",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector or ignition coil weak on cylinder 7",
            "de": "Injektor oder Zündspule Zylinder 7 schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0282",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injector A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Injektor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 injector A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 8 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl8",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0283",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injector A Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Injektor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 injector A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 8 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl8",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0284",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Contribution/Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Beitrag/Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 contributes less power than expected.",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 trägt weniger Leistung bei als erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl8",
        "ignition_coil_cyl8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_or_ignition",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector or ignition coil weak on cylinder 8",
            "de": "Injektor oder Zündspule Zylinder 8 schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0285",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injector A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Injektor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 injector A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 9 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl9",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0286",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injector A Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Injektor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 injector A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 9 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl9",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0287",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Contribution/Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Beitrag/Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 contributes less power than expected.",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 trägt weniger Leistung bei als erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl9",
        "ignition_coil_cyl9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_or_ignition",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector or ignition coil weak on cylinder 9",
            "de": "Injektor oder Zündspule Zylinder 9 schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0288",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injector A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Injektor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 injector A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 10 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl10",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0289",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injector A Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Injektor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 injector A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 10 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl10",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P028A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Cooling Fan Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Lüfter Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the charge air cooler cooling fan (electric fan helping to cool the intercooler).",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Ladeluftkühler-Lüfter (elektrischer Lüfter zur LLK-Kühlung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_cooling_fan",
        "fan_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Kabelbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P028B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Cooling Fan Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Lüfter Leistung/läuft nicht an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC cooling fan does not run when commanded.",
        "de": "CAC-Lüfter läuft bei Anforderung nicht an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_cooling_fan"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fan_motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized",
            "de": "Lüftermotor festgefressen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P028C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Cooling Fan Stuck On",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Lüfter klemmt eingeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC cooling fan runs continuously regardless of commanded state.",
        "de": "CAC-Lüfter läuft dauerhaft, unabhängig vom Sollwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_cooling_fan",
        "fan_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay stuck closed",
            "de": "Lüfter-Relais hängt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P028D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Cooling Fan Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Lüfter Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC cooling fan control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung CAC-Lüfter unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_cooling_fan",
        "fan_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P028E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Cooling Fan Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Lüfter Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAC cooling fan control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung CAC-Lüfter über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_cooling_fan",
        "fan_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P028F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Cooling Fan Control Circuit Driver Performance",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Lüfter Endstufen-Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Driver stage of CAC cooling fan control reports performance fault.",
        "de": "Endstufe der CAC-Lüfter-Ansteuerung meldet Leistungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_driver",
        "cac_cooling_fan"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stage failed",
            "de": "Endstufe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0290",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Contribution/Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Beitrag/Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 contributes less power than expected.",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 trägt weniger Leistung bei als erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl10",
        "ignition_coil_cyl10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_or_ignition",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector or ignition coil weak on cylinder 10",
            "de": "Injektor oder Zündspule Zylinder 10 schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0291",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Injector A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Injektor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 injector A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 11 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl11",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0292",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Injector A Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Injektor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 injector A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 11 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl11",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0293",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Contribution/Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Beitrag/Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 contributes less power than expected.",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 trägt weniger Leistung bei als erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl11",
        "ignition_coil_cyl11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_or_ignition",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector or ignition coil weak on cylinder 11",
            "de": "Injektor oder Zündspule Zylinder 11 schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0294",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Injector A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Injektor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 injector A control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 12 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl12",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0295",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Injector A Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Injektor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 injector A control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Injektor A Zylinder 12 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl12",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0296",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Contribution/Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Beitrag/Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 contributes less power than expected.",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 trägt weniger Leistung bei als erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl12",
        "ignition_coil_cyl12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_or_ignition",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector or ignition coil weak on cylinder 12",
            "de": "Injektor oder Zündspule Zylinder 12 schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0297",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Overspeed Condition",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Vehicle speed exceeded a defined safety threshold. ECU may trigger fuel cut or speed limiter.",
        "de": "Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit hat einen definierten Sicherheitsschwellwert überschritten. ECU kann Schubabschaltung oder Begrenzer auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "speed_sensor",
        "speed_limiter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "limiter_active",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Speed limiter triggered (informational)",
            "de": "Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzer hat ausgelöst (Information)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0298",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Over Temperature",
        "de": "Motoröl-Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine oil temperature exceeded the safe maximum. Risk of oil breakdown and bearing damage.",
        "de": "Motoröltemperatur hat den Sicherheitswert überschritten. Gefahr von Ölzersetzung und Lagerschaden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_temp_sensor",
        "oil_cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil cooler failure or low oil level",
            "de": "Ölkühler-Fehler oder zu wenig Öl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0299",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger \"A\" Underboost Condition",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor \"A\" Unterdruck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost pressure under load is below the commanded value. Very common on turbodiesel and direct-injection turbo gasoline engines as the turbo system ages — typically a leaking boost pipe, a sticky variable-geometry vane assembly, or a wastegate that no longer holds.",
        "de": "Der Ladedruck unter Last bleibt unter dem Sollwert. Sehr häufig bei Turbodiesel und direkteinspritzenden Turbo-Benzinern mit zunehmendem Alter — meist ein undichtes Ladeluftrohr, festsitzende variable Turbinengeometrie oder ein Wastegate, das nicht mehr dichthält."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger",
        "intercooler",
        "intercooler_pipe",
        "wastegate_actuator",
        "vgt_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "boost_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in intercooler pipe or hose",
            "de": "Leck in Ladeluftrohr oder -schlauch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vgt_sticking",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VGT vanes stuck (diesel, soot buildup)",
            "de": "VTG-Leitschaufeln festgesetzt (Diesel, Russ)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wastegate_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate stuck open or weak spring",
            "de": "Wastegate hängt offen oder Feder zu schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "turbo_bearing_worn",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Turbo bearing worn (preceded by oil consumption / smoke)",
            "de": "Turbolader-Lager verschlissen (vorab Ölverbrauch / Rauch)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P029A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 1 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 1 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl1",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged on cylinder 1",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 1 verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P029B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 1 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 1 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking on cylinder 1",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 1 undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P029C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 1 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector nozzle clogged",
            "de": "Injektordüse verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P029D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 1 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seal or nozzle worn",
            "de": "Injektor-Dichtung oder Düse verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P029E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 2 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 2 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged on cylinder 2",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 2 verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P029F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 2 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 2 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking on cylinder 2",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 2 undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 2 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 2 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking",
            "de": "Injektor undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 3 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 3 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged on cylinder 3",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 3 verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 3 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 3 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking on cylinder 3",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 3 undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 3 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 3 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking",
            "de": "Injektor undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 4 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 4 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged on cylinder 4",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 4 verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 4 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 4 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking on cylinder 4",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 4 undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 4 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_cyl4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 4 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat or seal leaking",
            "de": "Injektorsitz oder Dichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 5 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 5 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_lean_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 5 running structurally lean",
            "de": "Zylinder 5 strukturell mager"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 5 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 5 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_rich_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 5 running structurally rich",
            "de": "Zylinder 5 strukturell fett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 5 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_inj_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector nozzle clogged",
            "de": "Injektordüse verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 5 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat or seal leaking",
            "de": "Injektorsitz oder Dichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 6 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 6 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_lean_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 6 running structurally lean",
            "de": "Zylinder 6 strukturell mager"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 6 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 6 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_rich_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 6 running structurally rich",
            "de": "Zylinder 6 strukturell fett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 6 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_inj_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector nozzle clogged",
            "de": "Injektordüse verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 6 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat or seal leaking",
            "de": "Injektorsitz oder Dichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 7 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 7 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_lean_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 7 running structurally lean",
            "de": "Zylinder 7 strukturell mager"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 7 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 7 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_rich_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 7 running structurally rich",
            "de": "Zylinder 7 strukturell fett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 7 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_inj_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector nozzle clogged",
            "de": "Injektordüse verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 7 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat or seal leaking",
            "de": "Injektorsitz oder Dichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 8 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 8 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_lean_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 8 running structurally lean",
            "de": "Zylinder 8 strukturell mager"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 8 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 8 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_rich_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 8 running structurally rich",
            "de": "Zylinder 8 strukturell fett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 8 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_inj_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector nozzle clogged",
            "de": "Injektordüse verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 8 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat or seal leaking",
            "de": "Injektorsitz oder Dichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 9 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 9 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl9_lean_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 9 running structurally lean",
            "de": "Zylinder 9 strukturell mager"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 9 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 9 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl9_rich_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 9 running structurally rich",
            "de": "Zylinder 9 strukturell fett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 9 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl9_inj_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector nozzle clogged",
            "de": "Injektordüse verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 9 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl9_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat or seal leaking",
            "de": "Injektorsitz oder Dichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 10 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 10 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl10_lean_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 10 running structurally lean",
            "de": "Zylinder 10 strukturell mager"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 10 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 10 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl10_rich_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 10 running structurally rich",
            "de": "Zylinder 10 strukturell fett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 10 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl10_inj_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector nozzle clogged",
            "de": "Injektordüse verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 10 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl10_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat or seal leaking",
            "de": "Injektorsitz oder Dichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 11 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 11 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl11_lean_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 11 running structurally lean",
            "de": "Zylinder 11 strukturell mager"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 11 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 11 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl11_rich_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 11 running structurally rich",
            "de": "Zylinder 11 strukturell fett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 11 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl11_inj_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector nozzle clogged",
            "de": "Injektordüse verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 11 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl11_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat or seal leaking",
            "de": "Injektorsitz oder Dichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 - Fuel Trim at Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 - Gemischadaption am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 12 has reached its maximum correction limit. Cylinder running too lean structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 12 hat das Maximum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu mager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl12_lean_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 12 running structurally lean",
            "de": "Zylinder 12 strukturell mager"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 - Fuel Trim at Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 - Gemischadaption am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel trim on cylinder 12 has reached its minimum correction limit. Cylinder running too rich structurally.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Gemischadaption Zylinder 12 hat das Minimum erreicht. Zylinder strukturell zu fett."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl12_rich_structural",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 12 running structurally rich",
            "de": "Zylinder 12 strukturell fett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 - Injector Restricted",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 - Injektor verstopft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 injector flow restricted — partial blockage detected.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 12 mit eingeschränktem Durchfluss — teilweise Verstopfung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl12_inj_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector nozzle clogged",
            "de": "Injektordüse verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 - Injector Leaking",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 - Injektor undicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 injector leaking fuel between commanded openings.",
        "de": "Injektor Zylinder 12 leckt Kraftstoff zwischen den Ansteuerungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl12_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat or seal leaking",
            "de": "Injektorsitz oder Dichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P029D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger B Overboost Condition",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor B Überdruck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost pressure on the secondary turbocharger/supercharger (B) on a sequential or twin-charged setup is above the upper threshold. Wastegate stuck closed, VGT vanes stuck, or boost pressure sensor reads high.",
        "de": "Der Ladedruck am zweiten Turbolader/Kompressor (B) bei sequenziellem oder zweistufigem Aufladen liegt über der oberen Schwelle. Wastegate hängt zu, VTG-Schaufeln klemmen oder Drucksensor liest zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b",
        "wastegate_b",
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbo_b_wastegate_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate stuck closed",
            "de": "Wastegate hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "turbo_b_vgt_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "VGT vanes stuck closed",
            "de": "VTG-Schaufeln klemmen geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger B Underboost Condition",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor B Unterdruck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost pressure on the secondary turbocharger/supercharger (B) is below the lower threshold. Wastegate stuck open, charge-air leak, or VGT vanes stuck open.",
        "de": "Der Ladedruck am zweiten Turbolader/Kompressor (B) liegt unter der unteren Schwelle. Wastegate offen festgesetzt, Ladeluft-Leck oder VTG-Schaufeln offen festgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b",
        "wastegate_b",
        "charge_air_pipe"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbo_b_wastegate_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate stuck open",
            "de": "Wastegate hängt offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "turbo_b_charge_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge-air pipe leak",
            "de": "Ladeluft-Leck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM applies a per-cylinder injector offset (Mengenausgleich) to compensate for production-tolerance differences in injector flow rate. On cylinder 1 the learned correction has reached its minimum value — the injector is delivering significantly more fuel than the calibrated reference and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät rechnet pro Zylinder einen Injektor-Offset (Mengenausgleich) ein, um Fertigungstoleranzen in der Durchflussmenge auszugleichen. An Zylinder 1 hat die gelernte Korrektur ihren Minimalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich mehr Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "powertrain_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_offset_min_overflow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector over-delivering — worn nozzle or stuck-open seat",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuviel — verschlissene Düse oder offen festsitzender Sitz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "inj_offset_calibration_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code not programmed after replacement",
            "de": "Kalibrierungscode nach Tausch nicht programmiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The per-cylinder injector offset on cylinder 1 has reached its maximum value — the injector is delivering significantly less fuel than the calibrated reference, and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Offset für Zylinder 1 hat den Maximalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich weniger Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "powertrain_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_offset_max_underflow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector under-delivering — clogged nozzle or worn coil",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuwenig — verstopfte Düse oder verschlissene Spule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "inj_offset_calibration_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code not programmed after replacement",
            "de": "Kalibrierungscode nach Tausch nicht programmiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM applies a per-cylinder injector offset (Mengenausgleich) to compensate for production-tolerance differences in injector flow rate. On cylinder 2 the learned correction has reached its minimum value — the injector is delivering significantly more fuel than the calibrated reference and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät rechnet pro Zylinder einen Injektor-Offset (Mengenausgleich) ein, um Fertigungstoleranzen in der Durchflussmenge auszugleichen. An Zylinder 2 hat die gelernte Korrektur ihren Minimalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich mehr Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_inj_offset_min",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector over-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuviel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The per-cylinder injector offset on cylinder 2 has reached its maximum value — the injector is delivering significantly less fuel than the calibrated reference, and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Offset für Zylinder 2 hat den Maximalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich weniger Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_inj_offset_max",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector under-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuwenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM applies a per-cylinder injector offset (Mengenausgleich) to compensate for production-tolerance differences in injector flow rate. On cylinder 3 the learned correction has reached its minimum value — the injector is delivering significantly more fuel than the calibrated reference and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät rechnet pro Zylinder einen Injektor-Offset (Mengenausgleich) ein, um Fertigungstoleranzen in der Durchflussmenge auszugleichen. An Zylinder 3 hat die gelernte Korrektur ihren Minimalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich mehr Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_inj_offset_min",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector over-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuviel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The per-cylinder injector offset on cylinder 3 has reached its maximum value — the injector is delivering significantly less fuel than the calibrated reference, and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Offset für Zylinder 3 hat den Maximalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich weniger Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_inj_offset_max",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector under-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuwenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM applies a per-cylinder injector offset (Mengenausgleich) to compensate for production-tolerance differences in injector flow rate. On cylinder 4 the learned correction has reached its minimum value — the injector is delivering significantly more fuel than the calibrated reference and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät rechnet pro Zylinder einen Injektor-Offset (Mengenausgleich) ein, um Fertigungstoleranzen in der Durchflussmenge auszugleichen. An Zylinder 4 hat die gelernte Korrektur ihren Minimalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich mehr Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_inj_offset_min",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector over-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuviel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The per-cylinder injector offset on cylinder 4 has reached its maximum value — the injector is delivering significantly less fuel than the calibrated reference, and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Offset für Zylinder 4 hat den Maximalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich weniger Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_inj_offset_max",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector under-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuwenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM applies a per-cylinder injector offset (Mengenausgleich) to compensate for production-tolerance differences in injector flow rate. On cylinder 5 the learned correction has reached its minimum value — the injector is delivering significantly more fuel than the calibrated reference and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät rechnet pro Zylinder einen Injektor-Offset (Mengenausgleich) ein, um Fertigungstoleranzen in der Durchflussmenge auszugleichen. An Zylinder 5 hat die gelernte Korrektur ihren Minimalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich mehr Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_inj_offset_min",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector over-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuviel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The per-cylinder injector offset on cylinder 5 has reached its maximum value — the injector is delivering significantly less fuel than the calibrated reference, and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Offset für Zylinder 5 hat den Maximalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich weniger Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_inj_offset_max",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector under-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuwenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM applies a per-cylinder injector offset (Mengenausgleich) to compensate for production-tolerance differences in injector flow rate. On cylinder 6 the learned correction has reached its minimum value — the injector is delivering significantly more fuel than the calibrated reference and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät rechnet pro Zylinder einen Injektor-Offset (Mengenausgleich) ein, um Fertigungstoleranzen in der Durchflussmenge auszugleichen. An Zylinder 6 hat die gelernte Korrektur ihren Minimalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich mehr Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_inj_offset_min",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector over-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuviel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The per-cylinder injector offset on cylinder 6 has reached its maximum value — the injector is delivering significantly less fuel than the calibrated reference, and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Offset für Zylinder 6 hat den Maximalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich weniger Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_inj_offset_max",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector under-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuwenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM applies a per-cylinder injector offset (Mengenausgleich) to compensate for production-tolerance differences in injector flow rate. On cylinder 7 the learned correction has reached its minimum value — the injector is delivering significantly more fuel than the calibrated reference and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät rechnet pro Zylinder einen Injektor-Offset (Mengenausgleich) ein, um Fertigungstoleranzen in der Durchflussmenge auszugleichen. An Zylinder 7 hat die gelernte Korrektur ihren Minimalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich mehr Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_inj_offset_min",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector over-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuviel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The per-cylinder injector offset on cylinder 7 has reached its maximum value — the injector is delivering significantly less fuel than the calibrated reference, and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Offset für Zylinder 7 hat den Maximalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich weniger Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_inj_offset_max",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector under-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuwenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM applies a per-cylinder injector offset (Mengenausgleich) to compensate for production-tolerance differences in injector flow rate. On cylinder 8 the learned correction has reached its minimum value — the injector is delivering significantly more fuel than the calibrated reference and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät rechnet pro Zylinder einen Injektor-Offset (Mengenausgleich) ein, um Fertigungstoleranzen in der Durchflussmenge auszugleichen. An Zylinder 8 hat die gelernte Korrektur ihren Minimalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich mehr Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_inj_offset_min",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector over-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuviel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The per-cylinder injector offset on cylinder 8 has reached its maximum value — the injector is delivering significantly less fuel than the calibrated reference, and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Offset für Zylinder 8 hat den Maximalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich weniger Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_inj_offset_max",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector under-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuwenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM applies a per-cylinder injector offset (Mengenausgleich) to compensate for production-tolerance differences in injector flow rate. On cylinder 9 the learned correction has reached its minimum value — the injector is delivering significantly more fuel than the calibrated reference and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät rechnet pro Zylinder einen Injektor-Offset (Mengenausgleich) ein, um Fertigungstoleranzen in der Durchflussmenge auszugleichen. An Zylinder 9 hat die gelernte Korrektur ihren Minimalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich mehr Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl9_inj_offset_min",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector over-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuviel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The per-cylinder injector offset on cylinder 9 has reached its maximum value — the injector is delivering significantly less fuel than the calibrated reference, and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Offset für Zylinder 9 hat den Maximalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich weniger Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl9_inj_offset_max",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector under-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuwenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Minimum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM applies a per-cylinder injector offset (Mengenausgleich) to compensate for production-tolerance differences in injector flow rate. On cylinder 10 the learned correction has reached its minimum value — the injector is delivering significantly more fuel than the calibrated reference and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät rechnet pro Zylinder einen Injektor-Offset (Mengenausgleich) ein, um Fertigungstoleranzen in der Durchflussmenge auszugleichen. An Zylinder 10 hat die gelernte Korrektur ihren Minimalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich mehr Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl10_inj_offset_min",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector over-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuviel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Kraftstoffinjektor A Offset-Anlernung am Maximum"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The per-cylinder injector offset on cylinder 10 has reached its maximum value — the injector is delivering significantly less fuel than the calibrated reference, and the controller cannot trim it any further.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Offset für Zylinder 10 hat den Maximalwert erreicht — der Injektor liefert deutlich weniger Kraftstoff als die Kalibrierung und der Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl10_inj_offset_max",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector under-delivering",
            "de": "Injektor liefert zuwenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02CD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the diesel intake air-flow control valve A is open. This valve (also called intake throttle, swirl flap actuator, or anti-shudder valve) closes the diesel intake to control airflow during regeneration and shutdown.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Regelventils A ist offen. Dieses Ventil (auch Ansaugdrossel, Drall-Klappenaktuator oder Anti-Shudder-Valve genannt) schliesst den Diesel-Ansaugtrakt zur Luftmengensteuerung bei Regeneration und Motorstop."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle",
        "diesel_intake_throttle_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator winding open",
            "de": "Aktuatorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "diaf_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire to actuator",
            "de": "Leitung zum Steller unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Control Performance",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A Steuerkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Diesel intake air-flow control A is electrically OK but does not move the throttle plate as commanded — typically carbon buildup or seized actuator.",
        "de": "Der Diesel-Ansaugluftstromregler A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, bewegt die Klappe aber nicht wie befohlen — meist Verkokung oder klemmender Steller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup blocks flap travel",
            "de": "Verkokung blockiert Klappenweg"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Diesel intake air-flow control A drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Diesel-Ansaugluftstromreglers A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Diesel intake air-flow control A drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Diesel-Ansaugluftstromreglers A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Control Stuck Open",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Diesel intake throttle A is mechanically stuck open — anti-shudder function on shutdown will not work and DPF regen airflow control is lost.",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugdrossel A hängt mechanisch offen — Anti-Shudder-Funktion beim Abstellen ohne Wirkung und DPF-Regenerations-Luftmengensteuerung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup or broken return spring",
            "de": "Verkokung oder gebrochene Rückstellfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Control Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Diesel intake throttle A is mechanically stuck closed — engine starves of intake air.",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugdrossel A hängt mechanisch geschlossen — Motor erhält keine Ansaugluft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup holds flap closed",
            "de": "Verkokung hält Klappe geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A Positionssensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on diesel intake throttle A position sensor — open, shorted, or out of plausibility.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Positionssensor der Diesel-Ansaugdrossel A — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle",
        "diesel_intake_throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_pos_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails — does not match commanded throttle position.",
        "de": "Positionssensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — passt nicht zur Sollposition."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_pos_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A Positionssensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Positionssensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_pos_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A Positionssensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Positionssensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_pos_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A Positionssensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or harness issue.",
        "de": "Positionssensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_pos_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Control Motor Current Range/Performance",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A Motorstrom Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor current draw of the diesel intake throttle A actuator does not match the calibrated map for the commanded position — high friction, partial short, or stiction from carbon.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme des Stellermotors der Diesel-Ansaugdrossel A passt nicht zur Kalibrierung — hohe Reibung, Teilkurzschluss oder Verkokungs-Stick-Slip."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_high_friction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High friction from carbon buildup",
            "de": "Hohe Reibung durch Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Control System - High Air Flow Detected",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A - hohe Luftmenge erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Air flow through diesel intake throttle A is higher than the commanded set point — flap leaking past the seat or stuck partly open.",
        "de": "Luftmenge durch die Diesel-Ansaugdrossel A liegt über dem Sollwert — Klappe undicht am Sitz oder teilweise offen festsitzend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_air_high_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle plate leaks past seat",
            "de": "Drosselklappe undicht am Sitz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow A Control System - Low Air Flow Detected",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom A - niedrige Luftmenge erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Air flow through diesel intake throttle A is lower than the commanded set point — flap stuck partly closed.",
        "de": "Luftmenge durch die Diesel-Ansaugdrossel A liegt unter dem Sollwert — Klappe teilweise geschlossen festsitzend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_air_low_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle plate stuck partly closed",
            "de": "Drosselklappe teilweise geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02E0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 1 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-1-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl1_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cyl1_inj_connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector or pin corrosion",
            "de": "Stecker- oder Pin-Korrosion"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 2 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-2-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 3 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-3-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 4 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-4-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 5 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-5-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 6 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-6-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 7 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-7-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 8 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-8-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 9 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-9-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl9_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 10 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-10-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl10_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 11 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-11-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl11_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Injector Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Injektor-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cylinder 12 injector drive circuit is electrically OK but the response (current ramp, dwell time, or peak voltage) does not match the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or wiring corrosion.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zylinder-12-Injektors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf (Stromrampe, Haltezeit oder Spitzenspannung) passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder Korrosion in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl12_inj_response_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02EE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow Position Sensor Minimum/Maximum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom Positionssensor Minimum/Maximum-Anschlag Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The diesel intake throttle position sensor does not reach the calibrated minimum or maximum stop value during a self-test sweep — typically sensor wear, mechanical stop misalignment, or a sticky throttle plate.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Diesel-Ansaugdrossel erreicht beim Selbsttest nicht den kalibrierten Minimal- oder Maximalanschlag — meist Sensorverschleiss, dejustierter Anschlag oder klemmende Klappe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_throttle_position_sensor",
        "diesel_intake_throttle"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaf_max_stop_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or mechanical stop worn",
            "de": "Sensor oder mechanischer Anschlag verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Einspritzsteuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the cold-start auxiliary fuel injector or the cold-start ECU output is open. Some diesels use an extra cold-start injector to inject fuel into the intake manifold during very cold starts.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des zusätzlichen Kaltstart-Injektors oder die Kaltstart-Ausgangsstufe des Steuergeräts ist offen. Manche Diesel haben einen Zusatz-Injektor, der bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen Kraftstoff ins Saugrohr einspritzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cold_start_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Einspritzsteuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cold-start injector drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Kaltstart-Injektors niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cold_start_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02FB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Einspritzsteuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cold-start injector drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Kaltstart-Injektors hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cold_start_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02FB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Einspritzsteuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cold-start injector drive is electrically OK but does not deliver the calibrated injection quantity — partial blockage or weak coil.",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Injektor elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht die kalibrierte Einspritzmenge — Teilblockade oder schwache Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cold_start_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_partial_block",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Nozzle partially blocked",
            "de": "Düse teilweise blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P02FB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P02FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Propulsion System Inactive Timer Performance",
        "de": "Antriebssystem-Inaktivitäts-Timer Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The timer that monitors how long the propulsion system has been inactive (used by hybrid and stop-start strategies to schedule rebalancing tasks) is not behaving plausibly — typically a clock or PCM-state fault.",
        "de": "Der Timer, der die Inaktivitätszeit des Antriebssystems überwacht (genutzt von Hybrid- und Start-Stop-Strategien zur Planung von Ausgleichsläufen), verhält sich nicht plausibel — meist Uhr- oder Steuergeräte-Statusfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "powertrain_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pcm_timer_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal timer drift",
            "de": "Interner Timer driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0300",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zufällige/mehrfache Zylinder-Verbrennungsaussetzer erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected misfires that are not concentrated on a single cylinder. The misfire monitor measures crankshaft acceleration after each combustion event; missing acceleration on multiple cylinders, or randomly across cylinders, triggers this code.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung hat Verbrennungsaussetzer erkannt, die sich nicht auf einen einzelnen Zylinder konzentrieren. Die Aussetzererkennung misst die Kurbelwellenbeschleunigung nach jeder Verbrennung; fehlende Beschleunigung auf mehreren Zylindern oder zufällig verteilt löst diesen Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "fuel_injector",
        "intake_manifold",
        "timing_chain"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plugs_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn spark plugs",
            "de": "Verschlissene Zündkerzen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak_general",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak affecting all cylinders",
            "de": "Falschluft, die alle Zylinder betrifft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure low",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain stretched (high mileage)",
            "de": "Steuerkette gelängt (hohe Laufleistung)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0301",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer Zylinder 1 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 1. A cylinder-specific code points away from shared causes (fuel pressure, MAF) toward components dedicated to that cylinder — coil, spark plug, injector, compression.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 1. Ein zylinderspezifischer Code verweist weg von gemeinsamen Ursachen (Kraftstoffdruck, LMM) hin zu Komponenten, die nur diesen Zylinder betreffen — Zündspule, Zündkerze, Injektor, Kompression."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil for cylinder 1 failed",
            "de": "Zündspule Zylinder 1 defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug for cylinder 1 worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze Zylinder 1 verschlissen oder verölt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 1 injector clogged",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 1 verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 1",
            "de": "Geringe Kompression auf Zylinder 1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0302",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer Zylinder 2 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 2. Diagnostic approach is identical to P0301 — swap the suspect coil or plug with a known-good cylinder and see if the misfire follows.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 2. Die Diagnose entspricht P0301 — verdächtige Zündspule oder Kerze mit einem nachweislich funktionierenden Zylinder tauschen und prüfen, ob der Aussetzer mitwandert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil for cylinder 2 failed",
            "de": "Zündspule Zylinder 2 defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug for cylinder 2 worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze Zylinder 2 verschlissen oder verölt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 2 injector clogged",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 2 verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0303",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer Zylinder 3 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 3. See P0301 for diagnostic approach.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 3. Diagnostisches Vorgehen siehe P0301."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil for cylinder 3 failed",
            "de": "Zündspule Zylinder 3 defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug for cylinder 3 worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze Zylinder 3 verschlissen oder verölt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 3 injector clogged",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 3 verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0304",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer Zylinder 4 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 4. See P0301 for diagnostic approach.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 4. Diagnostisches Vorgehen siehe P0301."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil for cylinder 4 failed",
            "de": "Zündspule Zylinder 4 defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug for cylinder 4 worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze Zylinder 4 verschlissen oder verölt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cylinder 4 injector clogged",
            "de": "Injektor Zylinder 4 verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0305",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer Zylinder 5 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 5 (only present on engines with 5+ cylinders). Same diagnostic approach as P0301 — swap the suspect coil/plug with another cylinder.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 5 (nur auf Motoren mit 5+ Zylindern). Diagnose wie bei P0301 — Zündspule/Kerze mit einem anderen Zylinder tauschen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil for cylinder 5 failed",
            "de": "Zündspule Zylinder 5 defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen oder verölt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0306",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer Zylinder 6 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 6 (V6, inline-6, V8). Same diagnostic approach as P0301.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 6 (V6, R6, V8). Diagnose wie bei P0301."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil for cylinder 6 failed",
            "de": "Zündspule Zylinder 6 defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen oder verölt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0307",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zündaussetzer Zylinder 7 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 7. A cylinder-specific code points away from shared causes (fuel pressure, MAF) toward components dedicated to that cylinder — coil, spark plug, injector, compression.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 7. Ein zylinderspezifischer Code verweist weg von gemeinsamen Ursachen (Kraftstoffdruck, LMM) hin zu Komponenten, die nur diesen Zylinder betreffen — Zündspule, Zündkerze, Injektor, Kompression."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil failed",
            "de": "Zündspule defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen oder verölt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0301",
        "P0300"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0308",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zündaussetzer Zylinder 8 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 8. A cylinder-specific code points away from shared causes (fuel pressure, MAF) toward components dedicated to that cylinder — coil, spark plug, injector, compression.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 8. Ein zylinderspezifischer Code verweist weg von gemeinsamen Ursachen (Kraftstoffdruck, LMM) hin zu Komponenten, die nur diesen Zylinder betreffen — Zündspule, Zündkerze, Injektor, Kompression."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil failed",
            "de": "Zündspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0301",
        "P0300"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0309",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zündaussetzer Zylinder 9 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 9. A cylinder-specific code points away from shared causes (fuel pressure, MAF) toward components dedicated to that cylinder — coil, spark plug, injector, compression.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 9. Ein zylinderspezifischer Code verweist weg von gemeinsamen Ursachen (Kraftstoffdruck, LMM) hin zu Komponenten, die nur diesen Zylinder betreffen — Zündspule, Zündkerze, Injektor, Kompression."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil failed",
            "de": "Zündspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0301",
        "P0300"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P030A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition A Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung A Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition A control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals A ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "powertrain_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_a_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P030B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition A Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung A Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition A control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P030C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition A Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung A Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition A control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_a_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P030D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition B Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung B Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition B control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals B ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_b_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P030E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition B Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung B Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition B control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal B niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P030F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition B Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung B Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition B control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal B hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0310",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zündaussetzer Zylinder 10 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 10. A cylinder-specific code points away from shared causes (fuel pressure, MAF) toward components dedicated to that cylinder — coil, spark plug, injector, compression.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 10. Ein zylinderspezifischer Code verweist weg von gemeinsamen Ursachen (Kraftstoffdruck, LMM) hin zu Komponenten, die nur diesen Zylinder betreffen — Zündspule, Zündkerze, Injektor, Kompression."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil failed",
            "de": "Zündspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0301",
        "P0300"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0311",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zündaussetzer Zylinder 11 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 11. A cylinder-specific code points away from shared causes (fuel pressure, MAF) toward components dedicated to that cylinder — coil, spark plug, injector, compression.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 11. Ein zylinderspezifischer Code verweist weg von gemeinsamen Ursachen (Kraftstoffdruck, LMM) hin zu Komponenten, die nur diesen Zylinder betreffen — Zündspule, Zündkerze, Injektor, Kompression."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil failed",
            "de": "Zündspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0301",
        "P0300"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0312",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zündaussetzer Zylinder 12 erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires concentrated on cylinder 12. A cylinder-specific code points away from shared causes (fuel pressure, MAF) toward components dedicated to that cylinder — coil, spark plug, injector, compression.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer konzentriert auf Zylinder 12. Ein zylinderspezifischer Code verweist weg von gemeinsamen Ursachen (Kraftstoffdruck, LMM) hin zu Komponenten, die nur diesen Zylinder betreffen — Zündspule, Zündkerze, Injektor, Kompression."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil failed",
            "de": "Zündspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0301",
        "P0300"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0313",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Misfire Detected with Low Fuel",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer bei niedrigem Kraftstoffstand erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfires are detected while the fuel level is low. The ECM disables further misfire reporting under this condition because intermittent fuel starvation can cause false positives in catalyst-damaging logic.",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer werden bei niedrigem Kraftstoffstand erkannt. Die Steuerung deaktiviert die weitere Aussetzerüberwachung in diesem Zustand, da Sprit-Mangel falsche Auslösungen verursachen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_tank",
        "fuel_level_sensor",
        "fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel level very low",
            "de": "Kraftstoffstand sehr niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak fuel pump or pickup",
            "de": "Schwache Kraftstoffpumpe oder Ansaugung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty fuel level sensor",
            "de": "Tankgeber defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0300",
        "P0314"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0314",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Single Cylinder Misfire — Cylinder Not Specified",
        "de": "Einzelner Zylinder-Aussetzer — Zylinder nicht spezifiziert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A persistent misfire is detected on one cylinder, but the engine controller cannot identify which cylinder is affected. Often seen on engines without per-cylinder feedback or when crank position correlation fails.",
        "de": "An einem Zylinder werden anhaltende Aussetzer erkannt, ohne dass die Steuerung den betroffenen Zylinder identifizieren kann. Tritt häufig bei Motoren ohne zylinderindividuelle Erkennung auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "injector",
        "spark_plug",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_component_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak ignition component on one cylinder",
            "de": "Schwache Zündkomponente an einem Zylinder"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_partial_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged",
            "de": "Injektor teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on one cylinder",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an einem Zylinder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0300",
        "P0313"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0315",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position System Variation Not Learned",
        "de": "Kurbelwellenpositionssystem - Variation nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM has not yet learned the crankshaft position variation table required for accurate misfire detection. After flywheel/sensor replacement or PCM relearn, a procedure must be performed (typically deceleration from a defined RPM with closed throttle).",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät hat die für eine präzise Aussetzererkennung erforderliche Kurbelwellen-Variations-Tabelle noch nicht angelernt. Nach Schwungrad-/Sensortausch oder Steuergeräte-Reset ist eine Anlernfahrt erforderlich (meist Schubabschaltung aus definierter Drehzahl bei geschlossener Drossel)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "flywheel",
        "powertrain_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_variation_relearn_pending",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relearn procedure not yet performed",
            "de": "Anlernfahrt noch nicht durchgeführt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0316",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Misfire Detected on Startup (First 1000 Revolutions)",
        "de": "Verbrennungsaussetzer beim Startvorgang erkannt (erste 1000 Umdrehungen)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The misfire monitor detected misfires during the first 1000 revolutions after startup but the engine then settled. Often caused by fouled spark plugs that warm up clean, weak ignition coils, or a borderline cold-start fuel mixture.",
        "de": "Die Aussetzererkennung hat während der ersten 1000 Umdrehungen nach dem Start Aussetzer erkannt, danach lief der Motor wieder normal. Häufig durch verölte Zündkerzen, die sich freibrennen, schwache Zündspulen oder ein grenzwertig fettes Kaltstartgemisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug",
        "ignition_coil",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_fouled_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plugs fouled when cold",
            "de": "Zündkerzen kalt verölt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_weak_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil weak below operating temperature",
            "de": "Zündspule unterhalb Betriebstemperatur schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cold_start_mixture",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold-start mixture too lean (fuel pressure, leaking injectors at rest)",
            "de": "Kaltstartgemisch zu mager (Kraftstoffdruck, undichte Injektoren bei Stand)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0317",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rough Road Hardware Not Present",
        "de": "Schlechtwegsensorik nicht vorhanden"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM has been configured to use rough-road sensor input for misfire detection (to mask false positives on bumpy surfaces) but the expected hardware is not detected on the network. Typically a configuration mismatch after replacement.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät ist konfiguriert für Schlechtweg-Sensorik zur Aussetzer-Maskierung, erkennt aber die erwartete Hardware nicht im Netzwerk. Meist Konfigurations-Unstimmigkeit nach Tausch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rough_road_sensor",
        "powertrain_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rough_road_config_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PCM configuration does not match installed hardware",
            "de": "Steuergeräte-Konfiguration passt nicht zur verbauten Hardware"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0318",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rough Road Sensor A Signal Circuit",
        "de": "Schlechtwegsensor A Signalkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on rough-road sensor A — used to gate misfire detection so that engine vibration from rough roads is not misclassified as misfire.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Schlechtwegsensor A — überbrückt die Aussetzererkennung, damit Vibrationen von Schlechtweg nicht als Aussetzer fehlinterpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rough_road_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rough_road_a_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0319",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Rough Road Sensor B Signal Circuit",
        "de": "Schlechtwegsensor B Signalkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on rough-road sensor B — used to gate misfire detection so that engine vibration from rough roads is not misclassified as misfire.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Schlechtwegsensor B — überbrückt die Aussetzererkennung, damit Vibrationen von Schlechtweg nicht als Aussetzer fehlinterpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rough_road_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rough_road_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0318"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P031A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition C Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung C Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition C control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals C ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_c_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P031B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition C Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung C Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition C control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal C niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_c_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P031C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition C Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung C Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition C control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal C hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_c_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P031D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition D Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung D Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition D control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals D ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_d_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P031E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition D Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung D Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition D control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal D niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_d_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P031F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition D Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung D Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition D control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal D hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_d_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0320",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit",
        "de": "Zündung/Verteiler Drehzahleingangs-Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on the engine speed input from the ignition/distributor — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. On older systems this is the distributor pickup; on newer ones it is the crank/cam-derived speed signal feeding the ignition driver.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Drehzahleingangssignal von Zündung/Verteiler — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Bei älteren Systemen ist das der Verteiler-Pickup; neuere Systeme nutzen das aus Kurbel-/Nockenwelle abgeleitete Drehzahlsignal für den Zündtreiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_distributor",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_speed_input_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or pickup failed",
            "de": "Sensor oder Pickup defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0321",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zündung/Verteiler Drehzahleingang Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine speed input from the ignition/distributor is in electrical range but plausibility check fails — slow response, drift, or noise.",
        "de": "Drehzahleingang vom Verteiler liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion, Drift oder Rauschen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_distributor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_speed_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift or pickup gap wrong",
            "de": "Sensordrift oder falscher Pickup-Spalt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0320"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0322",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit No Signal",
        "de": "Zündung/Verteiler Drehzahleingang kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "No engine speed signal from the ignition/distributor — open circuit, dead pickup, or sensor air gap too wide.",
        "de": "Kein Drehzahlsignal vom Verteiler — offener Kreis, defekter Pickup oder zu grosser Sensorabstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_distributor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_speed_no_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pickup dead or air gap excessive",
            "de": "Pickup defekt oder Luftspalt zu gross"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0320"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0323",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Zündung/Verteiler Drehzahleingang sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine speed input signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Drehzahleingangssignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Verkabelungsproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_distributor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_speed_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0320"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0324",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Control System Error",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrations-Regelsystem Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock-control subsystem reports an internal error — typically a self-test fault or a noise floor that cannot be calibrated. The system protects against detonation by retarding ignition; with this fault knock control is disabled.",
        "de": "Das Klopfregelsystem meldet einen internen Fehler — meist Selbsttest fehlgeschlagen oder Rauschpegel nicht kalibrierbar. Das System schützt vor klopfender Verbrennung durch Spätzündung; bei diesem Fehler ist die Klopfregelung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "powertrain_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_system_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal knock-control fault",
            "de": "Interner Klopfregelfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0325",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Klopfsensor 1 Schaltung Fehlfunktion (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault has been detected in the bank 1 knock sensor circuit. The ECU uses the knock sensor to detect pre-ignition and retards ignition timing when knock occurs; with no signal, the ECU runs conservative timing and loses power.",
        "de": "In der Schaltung des Klopfsensors auf Bank 1 wurde eine allgemeine Störung erkannt. Die Motorsteuerung nutzt den Klopfsensor, um Vorzündung zu erkennen und den Zündzeitpunkt zurückzunehmen; ohne Signal arbeitet die Steuerung mit konservativem Zündwinkel und verliert Leistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "knock_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Knock sensor failed",
            "de": "Klopfsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "knock_sensor_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting bolt loose (sensor must be torqued correctly)",
            "de": "Befestigungsschraube lose (Sensor muss korrekt angezogen sein)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "knock_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0326",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor A Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor A signal is in electrical range but plausibility check fails — typically a loose mounting, wrong torque, or sensor element drift.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor A liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — meist lockere Befestigung, falsches Anzugsmoment oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_a_loose_mount",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor loose — incorrect torque",
            "de": "Sensor lose — falsches Anzugsmoment"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "knock_a_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drift",
            "de": "Sensorelement driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0327",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Low Input (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Klopfsensor 1 Eingangssignal zu niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock sensor signal voltage is below the expected range. Usually points to a piezoelectric sensor that has lost its output, or a short to ground in the signal line.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des Klopfsensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Hinweis auf einen piezoelektrischen Sensor, der seinen Ausgang verloren hat, oder einen Massenschluss in der Signalleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "knock_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Knock sensor failed",
            "de": "Klopfsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "knock_signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0328",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock Sensor 1 Circuit High Input (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Klopfsensor 1 Eingangssignal zu hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock sensor signal voltage is above the expected range. Often caused by a sensor producing excess output due to mechanical noise (loose mounting, accessory drive vibration) rather than a sensor fault.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des Klopfsensors überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Häufig durch einen Sensor verursacht, der wegen mechanischer Störungen (lose Befestigung, Vibrationen vom Nebenaggregatsantrieb) zu hohe Werte abgibt — nicht zwingend ein Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "knock_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanical_noise",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical noise picked up by sensor (loose accessory)",
            "de": "Mechanische Störung am Sensor (loses Nebenaggregat)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "knock_signal_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "knock_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0329",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently — usually a corroded connector or chafed wire near the cylinder head.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor-A-Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist korrodierter Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Leitung nahe Zylinderkopf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_a_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0326"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P032A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor C Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on knock sensor C — used on engines with multiple knock sensors (one per bank or per cylinder pair).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Klopfsensor C — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit mehreren Klopfsensoren (einer pro Bank oder Zylinderpaar)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_c_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P032B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor C Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor C signal is in electrical range but plausibility check fails — typically a loose mounting, wrong torque, or sensor element drift.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor C liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — meist lockere Befestigung, falsches Anzugsmoment oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_c_loose_mount",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor loose",
            "de": "Sensor lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0326"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P032C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor C Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor C signal below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor-C-Signal unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_c_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P032A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P032D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor C Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor C signal above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor-C-Signal über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_c_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P032A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P032E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor C Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor C Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor C signal jumps or drops out intermittently — usually a corroded connector or chafed wire near the cylinder head.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor-C-Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist korrodierter Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Leitung nahe Zylinderkopf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_c_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0329"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P032F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Combustion Engine Producing Insufficient Torque",
        "de": "Verbrennungsmotor liefert zu wenig Drehmoment"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine torque measured (or modelled from intake/exhaust signals) is below the calibrated set point for the commanded throttle position. Causes range from low compression, intake leak, fuel pressure issue, ignition fault, to high mechanical drag.",
        "de": "Das gemessene (oder aus Ansaug-/Abgassignalen modellierte) Motordrehmoment liegt unter dem kalibrierten Sollwert für die Drosselstellung. Ursachen reichen von niedriger Kompression über Falschluft, Kraftstoffdruckproblem, Zündfehler bis zu hoher mechanischer Reibung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "powertrain_control_module",
        "fuel_injector",
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "torque_low_compression",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on one or more cylinders",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an einem oder mehreren Zylindern"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "torque_fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure low",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "torque_intake_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake leak",
            "de": "Falschluft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0330",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock Sensor 2 Circuit (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Klopfsensor 2 Schaltung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault in the bank 2 knock sensor circuit. The ECU monitors a piezoelectric sensor for engine vibration patterns associated with detonation; an open, shorted, or out-of-range circuit triggers this code.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Klopfsensor-Stromkreis Bank 2. Die Motorsteuerung wertet ein piezoelektrisches Signal auf typische Klopfmuster aus; ein offener, kurzgeschlossener oder unplausibler Stromkreis löst diesen Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Knock sensor failed",
            "de": "Klopfsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "knock_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring/connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0325"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0331",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor B Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor B signal is in electrical range but plausibility check fails — typically a loose mounting, wrong torque, or sensor element drift.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor B liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — meist lockere Befestigung, falsches Anzugsmoment oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_b_loose_mount",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor loose",
            "de": "Sensor lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0326"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0332",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Low Input (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Klopfsensor 2 Eingangssignal zu niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 2 knock sensor signal is below the expected voltage range. Often caused by a failed sensor or a short to ground in the signal line.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Klopfsensors Bank 2 liegt unter dem erwarteten Spannungsbereich. Häufige Ursachen — defekter Sensor oder Masseschluss in der Signalleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Knock sensor failed",
            "de": "Klopfsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0330"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0333",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock Sensor 2 Circuit High Input (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Klopfsensor 2 Eingangssignal zu hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 2 knock sensor signal is above the expected voltage range. Typically caused by a short to supply voltage or an internal sensor fault.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Klopfsensors Bank 2 liegt über dem erwarteten Spannungsbereich. Typische Ursachen — Kurzschluss gegen Versorgungsspannung oder interner Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "knock_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Knock sensor failed",
            "de": "Klopfsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0330"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0334",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently — usually a corroded connector or chafed wire near the cylinder head.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor-B-Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist korrodierter Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Leitung nahe Zylinderkopf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_b_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0329"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0335",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Kurbelwellensensor \"A\" Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The crankshaft position (CKP) sensor signal is missing or implausible. The CKP is essential — without it the ECU cannot synchronise injection or ignition, and the engine will not start or will stall.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kurbelwellensensors (CKP) fehlt oder ist unplausibel. Der CKP ist essentiell — ohne ihn kann die Motorsteuerung weder Einspritzung noch Zündung synchronisieren, der Motor startet nicht oder geht aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "reluctor_ring",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed (heat damage common)",
            "de": "Sensor defekt (häufig durch Wärmeschäden)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reluctor_damage",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reluctor ring damaged or contaminated with metal debris",
            "de": "Geberrad beschädigt oder durch Metallspäne verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ckp_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crank_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0336",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kurbelwellensensor \"A\" Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CKP signal is present but inconsistent with engine RPM, or pulse counts deviate from the reluctor's expected pattern. Often points to a damaged tooth on the reluctor or an air gap that has changed.",
        "de": "Das CKP-Signal ist vorhanden, passt aber nicht zur Motordrehzahl, oder die Pulszahl weicht vom erwarteten Muster des Geberrads ab. Häufig weist das auf einen beschädigten Zahn am Geberrad oder einen veränderten Luftspalt hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "reluctor_ring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "reluctor_tooth_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reluctor tooth damaged",
            "de": "Zahn am Geberrad beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ckp_air_gap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor air gap incorrect",
            "de": "Luftspalt am Sensor stimmt nicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ckp_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor intermittent (often heat-related)",
            "de": "Sensor sporadisch (oft temperaturabhängig)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crank_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0337",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit Low Input",
        "de": "Kurbelwellensensor \"A\" Eingangssignal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CKP signal voltage is below the lower threshold. Usually a sensor whose internal coil has degraded, or a wiring short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des CKP liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert. Meist ein Sensor, dessen interne Wicklung degradiert ist, oder ein Massenschluss in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_failed_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed (output too low)",
            "de": "Sensor defekt (Ausgang zu niedrig)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ckp_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0335"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crank_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0338",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit High Input",
        "de": "Kurbelwellensensor \"A\" Eingangssignal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CKP signal voltage is above the upper threshold. Either a sensor producing excess output or a short to supply voltage.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des CKP überschreitet den oberen Schwellwert. Entweder ein Sensor mit zu hohem Ausgang oder ein Kurzschluss gegen Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_signal_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ckp_failed_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0335"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crank_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0339",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kurbelwellenpositionssensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The crankshaft position sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector, sensor air gap, or damaged tone wheel. The PCM may detect a \"false\" stall or misfire spike when the signal drops.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kurbelwellenpositionssensors A springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker, Sensor-Luftspalt oder beschädigter Geberring. Das Steuergerät kann scheinbare Motorstopps oder Aussetzer-Spitzen melden, wenn das Signal abreisst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "flywheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_intermittent_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ckp_tone_wheel_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone wheel chipped or contaminated",
            "de": "Geberring beschädigt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P033A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor D Circuit",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor D Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on knock sensor D — used on engines with multiple knock sensors (one per bank or per cylinder pair).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Klopfsensor D — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit mehreren Klopfsensoren (einer pro Bank oder Zylinderpaar)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_d_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P032A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P033B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor D Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor D Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor D signal is in electrical range but plausibility check fails — typically a loose mounting, wrong torque, or sensor element drift.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor D liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — meist lockere Befestigung, falsches Anzugsmoment oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_d_loose_mount",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor loose",
            "de": "Sensor lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0326"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P033C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor D Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor D Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor D signal below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor-D-Signal unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_d_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P032C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P033D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor D Circuit High",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor D Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor D signal above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor-D-Signal über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_d_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P032D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P033E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor D Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrationssensor D Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Knock sensor D signal jumps or drops out intermittently — usually a corroded connector or chafed wire near the cylinder head.",
        "de": "Klopfsensor-D-Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist korrodierter Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Leitung nahe Zylinderkopf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_d_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0329"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P033F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft/Camshaft Loss Of Synchronization",
        "de": "Kurbel-/Nockenwelle Verlust der Synchronisation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM has lost crank-to-cam synchronization — the relative phase between crankshaft and camshaft no longer matches the calibrated reference. Causes include a stretched or jumped timing chain, broken cam timing tooth, or sensor signal corruption.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät hat die Kurbel-Nockenwellen-Synchronisation verloren — die relative Phasenlage stimmt nicht mehr mit der Kalibrierung überein. Mögliche Ursachen sind eine gelängte oder übergesprungene Steuerkette, ein gebrochener Steuerzahn oder ein gestörtes Sensorsignal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "timing_chain",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain stretched or jumped",
            "de": "Steuerkette gelängt oder übergesprungen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "timing_sensor_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Crank or cam sensor signal corrupted",
            "de": "Kurbel- oder Nockenwellensensorsignal gestört"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0340",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor \"A\" Schaltung (Bank 1 oder Einzelsensor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The camshaft position (CMP) sensor signal is missing or implausible. The ECU uses CMP together with CKP to identify cylinder phase for sequential injection and coil-on-plug ignition; without CMP the engine may run on group injection or fail to start.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Nockenwellensensors (CMP) fehlt oder ist unplausibel. Die Motorsteuerung nutzt CMP zusammen mit CKP, um die Zylinderphase für sequentielle Einspritzung und Einzelfunkenzündung zu erkennen; ohne CMP kann der Motor in den Gruppen-Einspritzmodus fallen oder nicht starten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "timing_chain",
        "timing_belt"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain stretched, throwing off sensor timing",
            "de": "Steuerkette gelängt, verschiebt das Sensorsignal"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0341",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor \"A\" Funktionsbereich/Leistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CMP signal is present but its phase relative to the crankshaft is outside tolerance. On engines with variable valve timing, this code often appears together with VVT solenoid faults.",
        "de": "Das CMP-Signal ist vorhanden, seine Phase zum Kurbelwellensignal liegt aber außerhalb der Toleranz. Auf Motoren mit variabler Ventilsteuerung tritt dieser Code häufig zusammen mit Fehlern am VVT-Magnetventil auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "vvt_solenoid",
        "timing_chain"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vvt_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "VVT solenoid stuck or oil-starved",
            "de": "VVT-Magnetventil hängend oder ohne Öldruck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing chain stretched",
            "de": "Steuerkette gelängt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drifting",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0342",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit Low Input (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor \"A\" Eingangssignal zu niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CMP signal voltage is below the lower threshold. Most often a sensor with degraded internal output or a short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des CMP liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert. Meist ein Sensor mit reduzierter Ausgangsleistung oder ein Massenschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "camshaft_position_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_failed_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp_signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0340"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0343",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit High Input (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor \"A\" Eingangssignal zu hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CMP signal voltage is above the upper threshold. Either excessive sensor output or a short to supply voltage.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des CMP überschreitet den oberen Schwellwert. Entweder ein zu hoher Sensorausgang oder ein Kurzschluss gegen Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "camshaft_position_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_signal_short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp_failed_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0340"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0344",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 1 oder Einzelsensor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft position sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently on bank 1 (or on engines with a single cam sensor).",
        "de": "Signal des Nockenwellenpositionssensors A an Bank 1 (oder bei Motoren mit Einzelsensor) springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_a_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0345",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor \"A\" Schaltung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault in the bank 2 camshaft position sensor circuit. The ECU uses this signal together with the crank sensor for sequential injection and ignition timing.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des Nockenwellensensors Bank 2. Die Motorsteuerung nutzt dieses Signal zusammen mit dem Kurbelwellensensor für sequentielle Einspritzung und Zündzeitpunkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CMP sensor failed",
            "de": "Nockenwellensensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring/connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0340"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0346",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor \"A\" Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor \"A\" Funktionsbereich/Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 2 camshaft position sensor signal is present but does not match the crank reference correctly, or its pulse pattern is implausible.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Nockenwellensensors Bank 2 ist vorhanden, stimmt aber nicht plausibel mit der Kurbelwellenreferenz überein oder weist ein unplausibles Pulsmuster auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "reluctor_ring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_sensor_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CMP sensor intermittent",
            "de": "Nockenwellensensor mit Aussetzern"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reluctor_damaged",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reluctor wheel damaged",
            "de": "Geberrad beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0341"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0347",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor A Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft position sensor A on bank 2 reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor A an Bank 2 liegt unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_a_b2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0348",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor A Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft position sensor A on bank 2 reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor A an Bank 2 liegt über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_a_b2_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0347"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0349",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft position sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently on bank 2 (or on engines with a single cam sensor).",
        "de": "Signal des Nockenwellenpositionssensors A an Bank 2 (oder bei Motoren mit Einzelsensor) springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_a_b2_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0344"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P034A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor - Crankshaft Start Position Incorrect",
        "de": "Kurbelwellenpositionssensor - Startposition falsch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "At engine start the crankshaft position reported by the sensor does not match the calibrated start window — typically a wrong tone-wheel installation, sensor air gap, or PCM not synchronised after a relearn.",
        "de": "Beim Motorstart passt die vom Sensor gemeldete Kurbelposition nicht ins kalibrierte Startfenster — meist falsch montierter Geberring, Sensor-Luftspalt oder Steuergerät nach Anlernung nicht synchron."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "flywheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_start_position_wrong",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone wheel misindexed or relearn pending",
            "de": "Geberring falsch indexiert oder Anlernung steht aus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P034B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor - Crankshaft Direction Incorrect",
        "de": "Kurbelwellenpositionssensor - Drehrichtung falsch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The crankshaft is rotating in the wrong direction relative to the expected reference — typically only seen on stop-start systems where the engine briefly counter-rotates after shutdown.",
        "de": "Die Kurbelwelle dreht entgegen der erwarteten Referenzrichtung — meist nur bei Start-Stop-Systemen, bei denen der Motor nach dem Abstellen kurz rückwärts dreht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_reverse_rotation",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stop-start residual reverse rotation",
            "de": "Reststopp-Rückdrehung bei Start-Stop"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P034C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ion Sense System Performance",
        "de": "Ion-Sense-System Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Some engines (notably Saab and some Mazda direct-injection units) use the spark plug as an ion-current sensor after spark to detect knock and misfire. This code reports a performance issue with the ion-sense input — typically a worn plug, loose secondary connection, or aged ion-sense module.",
        "de": "Manche Motoren (vor allem Saab und einige Mazda-Direkteinspritzer) nutzen die Zündkerze nach dem Zündfunken als Ionenstromsensor zur Klopf- und Aussetzererkennung. Dieser Code meldet ein Leistungsproblem am Ion-Sense-Eingang — meist verschlissene Kerze, lockere Sekundärverbindung oder gealtertes Ion-Sense-Modul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ion_sense_module",
        "spark_plug",
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_sense_plug_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plugs worn",
            "de": "Zündkerzen verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_sense_module_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion-sense module aged",
            "de": "Ion-Sense-Modul gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0350",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil Primary/Secondary Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündspule Primär-/Sekundärkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general open-circuit fault has been detected on an ignition coil's primary or secondary winding (no specific cylinder identified). This code is set when the PCM cannot localise the fault to a single coil.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner offener Kreis an der Primär- oder Sekundärwicklung einer Zündspule (ohne Zuordnung zu einem bestimmten Zylinder). Wird gesetzt, wenn das Steuergerät den Fehler keiner einzelnen Spule zuordnen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil winding open",
            "de": "Spulenwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0351",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil \"A\" Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction (Cylinder 1)",
        "de": "Zündspule \"A\" Primär-/Sekundärkreis Fehlfunktion (Zylinder 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the ignition coil circuit for cylinder 1 — open primary winding, short to ground, or short to supply. The ECU disables the coil to protect its driver and the cylinder misfires.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis der Zündspule für Zylinder 1 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Primärwicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Spule zum Schutz der Endstufe; der Zylinder hat Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "ignition_coil_wiring",
        "ecu_ignition_driver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed_electrical",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil primary winding open or shorted",
            "de": "Primärwicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0301"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0352",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil \"B\" Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction (Cylinder 2)",
        "de": "Zündspule \"B\" Primär-/Sekundärkreis Fehlfunktion (Zylinder 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the ignition coil circuit for cylinder 2 — open primary winding, short to ground, or short to supply. The ECU disables the coil to protect its driver and the cylinder misfires.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis der Zündspule für Zylinder 2 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Primärwicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Spule zum Schutz der Endstufe; der Zylinder hat Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "ignition_coil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed_electrical",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil primary winding open or shorted",
            "de": "Primärwicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0302"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0353",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil \"C\" Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction (Cylinder 3)",
        "de": "Zündspule \"C\" Primär-/Sekundärkreis Fehlfunktion (Zylinder 3)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the ignition coil circuit for cylinder 3 — open primary winding, short to ground, or short to supply. The ECU disables the coil to protect its driver and the cylinder misfires.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis der Zündspule für Zylinder 3 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Primärwicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Spule zum Schutz der Endstufe; der Zylinder hat Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "ignition_coil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed_electrical",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil primary winding open or shorted",
            "de": "Primärwicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0303"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0354",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil \"D\" Primary/Secondary Circuit Malfunction (Cylinder 4)",
        "de": "Zündspule \"D\" Primär-/Sekundärkreis Fehlfunktion (Zylinder 4)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the ignition coil circuit for cylinder 4 — open primary winding, short to ground, or short to supply. The ECU disables the coil to protect its driver and the cylinder misfires.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis der Zündspule für Zylinder 4 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Primärwicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Spule zum Schutz der Endstufe; der Zylinder hat Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "ignition_coil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_failed_electrical",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil primary winding open or shorted",
            "de": "Primärwicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ignition_coil_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0304"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0355",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil \"E\" Primary/Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule \"E\" Primär-/Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the ignition coil circuit for cylinder 1 — open primary winding, short to ground, or short to supply. The ECU disables the coil to protect its driver and the cylinder misfires.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis der Zündspule für Zylinder 1 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Primärwicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Spule zum Schutz der Endstufe; der Zylinder hat Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil failed",
            "de": "Zündspule defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring/connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0351",
        "P0305"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0356",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil \"F\" Primary/Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule \"F\" Primär-/Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the ignition coil circuit for cylinder 1 — open primary winding, short to ground, or short to supply. The ECU disables the coil to protect its driver and the cylinder misfires.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis der Zündspule für Zylinder 1 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Primärwicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Spule zum Schutz der Endstufe; der Zylinder hat Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil failed",
            "de": "Zündspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0351",
        "P0306"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0357",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil \"G\" Primary/Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule \"G\" Primär-/Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the ignition coil circuit for cylinder 1 — open primary winding, short to ground, or short to supply. The ECU disables the coil to protect its driver and the cylinder misfires.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis der Zündspule für Zylinder 1 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Primärwicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Spule zum Schutz der Endstufe; der Zylinder hat Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil failed",
            "de": "Zündspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0351"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0358",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil \"H\" Primary/Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule \"H\" Primär-/Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault has been detected in the ignition coil circuit for cylinder 1 — open primary winding, short to ground, or short to supply. The ECU disables the coil to protect its driver and the cylinder misfires.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis der Zündspule für Zylinder 1 wurde ein elektrischer Fehler erkannt — offene Primärwicklung, Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder gegen Versorgung. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Spule zum Schutz der Endstufe; der Zylinder hat Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition coil failed",
            "de": "Zündspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0351"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0359",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil I Primary Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündspule I Primärsteuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The primary control circuit for ignition coil I is open. Coil designators A through L cover up to 12 individual coils on a coil-on-plug configuration.",
        "de": "Der Primärsteuerkreis der Zündspule I ist offen. Die Buchstaben A bis L bezeichnen bis zu 12 Einzelzündspulen einer Coil-on-Plug-Konfiguration."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_i_open_primary",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding open",
            "de": "Primärwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P035A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition E Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung E Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition E control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals E ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_e_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P035B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition E Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung E Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition E control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal E niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_e_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P035C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition E Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung E Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition E control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal E hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_e_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P035D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition F Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung F Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition F control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals F ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_f_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P035E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition F Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung F Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition F control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal F niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_f_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P035F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition F Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung F Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition F control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal F hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_f_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0360",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil J Primary Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündspule J Primärsteuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The primary control circuit for ignition coil I is open. Coil designators A through L cover up to 12 individual coils on a coil-on-plug configuration.",
        "de": "Der Primärsteuerkreis der Zündspule I ist offen. Die Buchstaben A bis L bezeichnen bis zu 12 Einzelzündspulen einer Coil-on-Plug-Konfiguration."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_j_open_primary",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding open",
            "de": "Primärwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0359"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0361",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil K Primary Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündspule K Primärsteuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The primary control circuit for ignition coil I is open. Coil designators A through L cover up to 12 individual coils on a coil-on-plug configuration.",
        "de": "Der Primärsteuerkreis der Zündspule I ist offen. Die Buchstaben A bis L bezeichnen bis zu 12 Einzelzündspulen einer Coil-on-Plug-Konfiguration."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_k_open_primary",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding open",
            "de": "Primärwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0359"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0362",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil L Primary Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündspule L Primärsteuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The primary control circuit for ignition coil I is open. Coil designators A through L cover up to 12 individual coils on a coil-on-plug configuration.",
        "de": "Der Primärsteuerkreis der Zündspule I ist offen. Die Buchstaben A bis L bezeichnen bis zu 12 Einzelzündspulen einer Coil-on-Plug-Konfiguration."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_l_open_primary",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding open",
            "de": "Primärwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0359"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0363",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Misfire Detected - Fueling Disabled",
        "de": "Aussetzer erkannt - Einspritzung deaktiviert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Severe misfire detected — the PCM has disabled fuel injection on the affected cylinder(s) to protect the catalyst from raw fuel. Common protective response on heavy or sustained misfire conditions.",
        "de": "Schwerer Aussetzer erkannt — das Steuergerät hat die Einspritzung am betroffenen Zylinder abgeschaltet, um den Katalysator vor unverbranntem Kraftstoff zu schützen. Übliche Schutzreaktion bei starkem oder anhaltendem Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "ignition_coil",
        "powertrain_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "misfire_severe",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe misfire — read companion P030x codes",
            "de": "Schwerer Aussetzer — Begleit-P030x-Codes auslesen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0364",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter Control Module Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/AC-Konverter Steuermodul Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the DC/AC converter (used in plug-in hybrid and EV traction systems to convert DC battery voltage to 3-phase AC for the motor) reports a performance issue. This is part of the high-voltage drivetrain.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des DC/AC-Konverters (wandelt bei Plug-in-Hybriden und Elektroautos die DC-Batteriespannung in 3-Phasen-AC für den Motor) meldet einen Leistungsfehler. Teil des Hochvolt-Antriebsstrangs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "inverter",
        "traction_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inverter_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inverter internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Inverter-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          6000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0365",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor B Circuit (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on camshaft position sensor B (typically the exhaust cam) on bank 1 — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. Required for variable valve timing on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Nockenwellenpositionssensor B (meist Auslassnocke) an Bank 1 — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Erforderlich für die variable Ventilsteuerung an der Auslassnockenwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_b_b1_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0366",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor B Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam sensor B on bank 1 reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response, drift, or signal does not match expected cam profile.",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B an Bank 1 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion, Drift oder Signal passt nicht zur erwarteten Nockenform."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_b_b1_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0365"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0367",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor B Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam sensor B on bank 1 below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B an Bank 1 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_b_b1_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0365"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0368",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor B Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam sensor B on bank 1 above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B an Bank 1 über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_b_b1_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0365"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0369",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor B Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft position sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently on bank 1 (or on engines with a single cam sensor).",
        "de": "Signal des Nockenwellenpositionssensors A an Bank 1 (oder bei Motoren mit Einzelsensor) springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_b_b1_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0344"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P036A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition G Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung G Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition G control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals G ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_g_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P036B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition G Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung G Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition G control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal G niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_g_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P036C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition G Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung G Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition G control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal G hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_g_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P036D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition H Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung H Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition H control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals H ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_h_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P036E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition H Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung H Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition H control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal H niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_h_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P036F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition H Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung H Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition H control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal H hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_h_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0370",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Timing Reference High Resolution Signal A",
        "de": "Steuerzeit-Referenz hochauflösendes Signal A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the high-resolution timing reference signal A — used by ignition and injection systems for precise crank angle measurement (typically a 60-2 or 36-1 tone wheel signal).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am hochauflösenden Steuerzeit-Referenzsignal A — verwendet von Zündung und Einspritzung zur präzisen Kurbelwinkelmessung (typisch 60-2 oder 36-1 Geberring)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_ref_a_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or signal path failed",
            "de": "Sensor oder Signalpfad defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0371",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Timing Reference High Resolution Signal A Too Many Pulses",
        "de": "Steuerzeit-Referenz hochauflösendes Signal A zu viele Impulse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Timing reference signal A delivers more pulses per crank revolution than expected — typically electrical noise, missing reluctor gap, or wrong tone wheel.",
        "de": "Das Steuerzeit-Referenzsignal A liefert mehr Impulse pro Kurbelwellenumdrehung als erwartet — meist elektrisches Rauschen, fehlende Geberlücke oder falscher Geberring."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "flywheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_ref_a_too_many",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong tone wheel or electrical noise",
            "de": "Falscher Geberring oder elektrisches Rauschen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0370"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0372",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Timing Reference High Resolution Signal A Too Few Pulses",
        "de": "Steuerzeit-Referenz hochauflösendes Signal A zu wenige Impulse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Timing reference signal A delivers fewer pulses per crank revolution than expected — broken reluctor teeth, sensor air gap too wide, or tone wheel chipped.",
        "de": "Das Steuerzeit-Referenzsignal A liefert weniger Impulse pro Kurbelwellenumdrehung als erwartet — abgebrochene Geberzähne, zu grosser Sensor-Luftspalt oder beschädigter Geberring."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "flywheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_ref_a_too_few",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone wheel teeth broken or sensor gap excessive",
            "de": "Geberzähne gebrochen oder Sensorabstand zu gross"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0370"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0373",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Timing Reference High Resolution Signal A Intermittent/Erratic Pulses",
        "de": "Steuerzeit-Referenz hochauflösendes Signal A sporadische/erratische Impulse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Timing reference signal A pulses are erratic — connector or wiring intermittent, contamination on tone wheel, or sensor partially failed.",
        "de": "Impulse des Steuerzeit-Referenzsignals A sind erratisch — wackliger Stecker, Verschmutzung am Geberring oder teilweise defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_ref_a_erratic",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector or contamination",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker oder Verschmutzung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0370"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0374",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Timing Reference High Resolution Signal A No Pulses",
        "de": "Steuerzeit-Referenz hochauflösendes Signal A keine Impulse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "No pulses detected on timing reference signal A — open circuit, dead sensor, or air gap too wide.",
        "de": "Keine Impulse am Steuerzeit-Referenzsignal A — offener Kreis, defekter Sensor oder zu grosser Luftspalt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_ref_a_no_pulses",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or wiring open",
            "de": "Sensor oder Verkabelung offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0370"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0375",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Timing Reference High Resolution Signal B",
        "de": "Steuerzeit-Referenz hochauflösendes Signal B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the high-resolution timing reference signal B — used by ignition and injection systems for precise crank angle measurement (typically a 60-2 or 36-1 tone wheel signal).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am hochauflösenden Steuerzeit-Referenzsignal B — verwendet von Zündung und Einspritzung zur präzisen Kurbelwinkelmessung (typisch 60-2 oder 36-1 Geberring)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_ref_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or signal path failed",
            "de": "Sensor oder Signalpfad defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0370"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0376",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Timing Reference High Resolution Signal B Too Many Pulses",
        "de": "Steuerzeit-Referenz hochauflösendes Signal B zu viele Impulse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Timing reference signal B delivers more pulses per crank revolution than expected — typically electrical noise, missing reluctor gap, or wrong tone wheel.",
        "de": "Das Steuerzeit-Referenzsignal B liefert mehr Impulse pro Kurbelwellenumdrehung als erwartet — meist elektrisches Rauschen, fehlende Geberlücke oder falscher Geberring."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_ref_b_too_many",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong tone wheel or electrical noise",
            "de": "Falscher Geberring oder elektrisches Rauschen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0371"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0377",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Timing Reference High Resolution Signal B Too Few Pulses",
        "de": "Steuerzeit-Referenz hochauflösendes Signal B zu wenige Impulse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Timing reference signal B delivers fewer pulses per crank revolution than expected — broken reluctor teeth, sensor air gap too wide, or tone wheel chipped.",
        "de": "Das Steuerzeit-Referenzsignal B liefert weniger Impulse pro Kurbelwellenumdrehung als erwartet — abgebrochene Geberzähne, zu grosser Sensor-Luftspalt oder beschädigter Geberring."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_ref_b_too_few",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone wheel teeth broken or sensor gap excessive",
            "de": "Geberzähne gebrochen oder Sensorabstand zu gross"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0372"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0378",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Timing Reference High Resolution Signal B Intermittent/Erratic Pulses",
        "de": "Steuerzeit-Referenz hochauflösendes Signal B sporadische/erratische Impulse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Timing reference signal B pulses are erratic — connector or wiring intermittent, contamination on tone wheel, or sensor partially failed.",
        "de": "Impulse des Steuerzeit-Referenzsignals B sind erratisch — wackliger Stecker, Verschmutzung am Geberring oder teilweise defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_ref_b_erratic",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector or contamination",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker oder Verschmutzung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0373"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0379",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Timing Reference High Resolution Signal B No Pulses",
        "de": "Steuerzeit-Referenz hochauflösendes Signal B keine Impulse"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "No pulses detected on timing reference signal B — open circuit, dead sensor, or air gap too wide.",
        "de": "Keine Impulse am Steuerzeit-Referenzsignal B — offener Kreis, defekter Sensor oder zu grosser Luftspalt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_ref_b_no_pulses",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or wiring open",
            "de": "Sensor oder Verkabelung offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0374"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P037A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug/Heater Indicator Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-/Heizungs-Anzeigesteuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver circuit for the glow plug warning indicator (the dashboard glow lamp) is stuck low — short to ground or stuck-low driver.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis der Glühkerzen-Warnanzeige (Glühlampe im Armaturenbrett) ist niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder fehlerhafter Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_indicator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_indicator_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P037B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug/Heater Indicator Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-/Heizungs-Anzeigesteuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Glow plug indicator drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung der Glühkerzenanzeige hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_indicator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_indicator_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P037A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P037C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Camshaft Profile System Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Nockenwellenprofil-System Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On engines with multi-profile (cold-start) cam lobes (e.g. some Honda i-VTEC variants and BMW Valvetronic), the cold-start cam profile actuator is not switching as expected — typically a stuck oil control valve or worn locking pin.",
        "de": "Bei Motoren mit Mehrprofil-Nockenwelle (z. B. einige Honda i-VTEC und BMW Valvetronic) schaltet der Kaltstart-Profilsteller nicht wie erwartet — meist klemmendes Ölsteuerventil oder verschlissener Sperrstift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_cam_profile_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Profile actuator stuck",
            "de": "Profilsteller klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P037D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The diagnostic feedback line that monitors glow plug current draw reports a general electrical fault — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. Used to verify each plug actually heats up.",
        "de": "Die Diagnose-Rückmeldeleitung, die die Stromaufnahme der Glühkerzen überwacht, meldet einen allgemeinen elektrischen Fehler — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Wird genutzt zur Verifikation, dass jede Kerze tatsächlich heizt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_sense_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Erkennungskreis defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P037E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Glow plug sense line below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Erkennungsleitung unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_sense_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P037D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P037F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Glow plug sense line above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Erkennungsleitung über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_sense_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P037D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0380",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug/Heater Circuit \"A\" Malfunction",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-/Heizkreis \"A\" Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug control module reports an electrical fault on circuit A — typically a single glow plug open-circuit, the relay failing, or wiring to the harness damaged. Diesel-specific; affects cold-start behaviour.",
        "de": "Das Glühzeitsteuergerät meldet einen elektrischen Fehler im Kreis A — typischerweise eine unterbrochene Glühkerze, ein defektes Relais oder eine beschädigte Verkabelung. Dieselspezifisch; betrifft das Kaltstartverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_relay",
        "glow_plug_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One or more glow plugs open-circuit",
            "de": "Eine oder mehrere Glühkerzen unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug relay failed",
            "de": "Glühkerzenrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring/harness damage",
            "de": "Verkabelung/Kabelbaum beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0381",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug/Heater Indicator Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Glühkerze/Heizung Anzeigeleuchte Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the glow plug indicator lamp or relay circuit. The ECU monitors driver feedback to ensure the dashboard indicator can be commanded; an open or shorted circuit triggers this code.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis der Glühkerzen-Anzeigelampe oder des zugehörigen Relais. Die Motorsteuerung überwacht die Endstufenrückmeldung, damit die Kontrolllampe ansteuerbar ist; ein offener oder kurzgeschlossener Stromkreis löst diesen Code aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_indicator",
        "indicator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "indicator_bulb_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator bulb or LED failed",
            "de": "Anzeigelampe oder LED defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "indicator_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0382",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug/Heater Circuit B",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-/Heizungskreis B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on glow-plug heater circuit B — typically the second bank of glow plugs on an inline-6 or V-engine.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Glühkerzenheizkreis B — meist die zweite Glühkerzengruppe bei Reihen-6 oder V-Motor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug or harness failed",
            "de": "Glühkerze oder Kabelbaum defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0383",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 1 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive line from the PCM to glow plug control module 1 is stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung vom Steuergerät zum Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 ist niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_module_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0384",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 1 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive line from the PCM to glow plug control module 1 is stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung vom Steuergerät zum Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 ist hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_module_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0383"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0385",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Kurbelwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on crankshaft position sensor B — second crank sensor used as backup or for advanced timing models on some engines.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kurbelwellenpositionssensor B — zweiter Kurbelsensor als Backup oder für erweiterte Steuerzeit-Modelle bei manchen Motoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0386",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kurbelwellenpositionssensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Crank sensor B reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Kurbelsensor B liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_b_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0385"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0387",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kurbelwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Crank sensor B below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Kurbelsensor B unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0385"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0388",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Kurbelwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Crank sensor B above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Kurbelsensor B über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_b_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0385"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0389",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kurbelwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Crank sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Kurbelsensor-B-Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ckp_b_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0385"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P038A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition I Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung I Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition I control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals I ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_i_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P038B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition I Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung I Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition I control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal I niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_i_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P038C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition I Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung I Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition I control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal I hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_i_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P038D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition J Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung J Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition J control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals J ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_j_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P038E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition J Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung J Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition J control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal J niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_j_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P038F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition J Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung J Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition J control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal J hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_j_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0390",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor B Circuit (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on camshaft position sensor B (typically the exhaust cam) on bank 2 — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. Required for variable valve timing on the exhaust cam.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Nockenwellenpositionssensor B (meist Auslassnocke) an Bank 2 — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Erforderlich für die variable Ventilsteuerung an der Auslassnockenwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_b_b2_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0365"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0391",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor B Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam sensor B on bank 2 reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response, drift, or signal does not match expected cam profile.",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B an Bank 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion, Drift oder Signal passt nicht zur erwarteten Nockenform."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_b_b2_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0390"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0392",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor B Circuit Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam sensor B on bank 2 below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B an Bank 2 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_b_b2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0390"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0393",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor B Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam sensor B on bank 2 above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B an Bank 2 über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_b_b2_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0390"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0394",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Sensor B Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositionssensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft position sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently on bank 2 (or on engines with a single cam sensor).",
        "de": "Signal des Nockenwellenpositionssensors A an Bank 2 (oder bei Motoren mit Einzelsensor) springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cmp_b_b2_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0369"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0395",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 1 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 1 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_press_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0396",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Brennraumdrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder-1-Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0397",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder-1-Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0398",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder-1-Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_press_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0399",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder-1-Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_press_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P039A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Brennraumdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 1 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_press_too_low_comp",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 1",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an Zylinder 1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P039B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Brennraumdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 1 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_press_too_high_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-ignition or knock",
            "de": "Vorzündung oder Klopfen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P039A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P039C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Pressure Variation Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Brennraumdruck-Variation niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 1 is below the calibrated minimum — pressure stays unusually constant cycle-to-cycle, often a sign that the closed-loop combustion controller has lost authority or the sensor signal is filtered.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 1 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — der Druck bleibt ungewöhnlich konstant, oft Hinweis darauf, dass die Verbrennungsregelung die Autorität verloren hat oder das Sensorsignal gefiltert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_press_variation_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal filtered or controller saturated",
            "de": "Sensorsignal gefiltert oder Regler gesättigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P039D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Brennraumdruck-Variation hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 1 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 1 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_press_variation_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial misfire or injector seat erosion",
            "de": "Teilweise Aussetzer oder Injektorsitz erodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P039E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 1 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 1 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_combustion_inj_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow rate drift",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cyl_combustion_compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P039F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 2 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 2 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_press_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P039F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P039F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_press_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P039F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_press_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P039F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 2 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_press_too_low_comp",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 2",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an Zylinder 2"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P039F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 2 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_press_too_high_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-ignition or knock",
            "de": "Vorzündung oder Klopfen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P039F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Pressure Variation Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdruck-Variation niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 2 is below the calibrated minimum — pressure stays unusually constant cycle-to-cycle, often a sign that the closed-loop combustion controller has lost authority or the sensor signal is filtered.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 2 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — der Druck bleibt ungewöhnlich konstant, oft Hinweis darauf, dass die Verbrennungsregelung die Autorität verloren hat oder das Sensorsignal gefiltert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_press_variation_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal filtered or controller saturated",
            "de": "Sensorsignal gefiltert oder Regler gesättigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P039F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Brennraumdruck-Variation hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 2 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 2 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_press_variation_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial misfire or injector seat erosion",
            "de": "Teilweise Aussetzer oder Injektorsitz erodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P039F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 2 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 2 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_combustion_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow rate drift",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P039F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 3 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 3 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_press_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_press_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_press_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 3 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_press_too_low_comp",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 3",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an Zylinder 3"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 3 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_press_too_high_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-ignition or knock",
            "de": "Vorzündung oder Klopfen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Pressure Variation Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdruck-Variation niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 3 is below the calibrated minimum — pressure stays unusually constant cycle-to-cycle, often a sign that the closed-loop combustion controller has lost authority or the sensor signal is filtered.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 3 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — der Druck bleibt ungewöhnlich konstant, oft Hinweis darauf, dass die Verbrennungsregelung die Autorität verloren hat oder das Sensorsignal gefiltert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_press_variation_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal filtered or controller saturated",
            "de": "Sensorsignal gefiltert oder Regler gesättigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Brennraumdruck-Variation hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 3 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 3 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_press_variation_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial misfire or injector seat erosion",
            "de": "Teilweise Aussetzer oder Injektorsitz erodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 3 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 3 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_combustion_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow rate drift",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 4 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 4 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_press_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_press_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_press_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 4 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_press_too_low_comp",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 4",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an Zylinder 4"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 4 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_press_too_high_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-ignition or knock",
            "de": "Vorzündung oder Klopfen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Pressure Variation Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdruck-Variation niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 4 is below the calibrated minimum — pressure stays unusually constant cycle-to-cycle, often a sign that the closed-loop combustion controller has lost authority or the sensor signal is filtered.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 4 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — der Druck bleibt ungewöhnlich konstant, oft Hinweis darauf, dass die Verbrennungsregelung die Autorität verloren hat oder das Sensorsignal gefiltert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_press_variation_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal filtered",
            "de": "Sensorsignal gefiltert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Brennraumdruck-Variation hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 4 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 4 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_press_variation_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial misfire",
            "de": "Teilweise Aussetzer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 4 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 4 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_combustion_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow rate drift",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 5 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 5 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_press_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_press_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_press_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 5 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_press_too_low_comp",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 5",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an Zylinder 5"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 5 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_press_too_high_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-ignition or knock",
            "de": "Vorzündung oder Klopfen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Pressure Variation Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdruck-Variation niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 5 is below the calibrated minimum — pressure stays unusually constant cycle-to-cycle, often a sign that the closed-loop combustion controller has lost authority or the sensor signal is filtered.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 5 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — der Druck bleibt ungewöhnlich konstant, oft Hinweis darauf, dass die Verbrennungsregelung die Autorität verloren hat oder das Sensorsignal gefiltert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_press_variation_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal filtered",
            "de": "Sensorsignal gefiltert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Brennraumdruck-Variation hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 5 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 5 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_press_variation_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial misfire",
            "de": "Teilweise Aussetzer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 5 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 5 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_combustion_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow rate drift",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 6 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 6 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_press_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_press_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_press_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 6 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_press_too_low_comp",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 6",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an Zylinder 6"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 6 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_press_too_high_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-ignition or knock",
            "de": "Vorzündung oder Klopfen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Pressure Variation Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdruck-Variation niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 6 is below the calibrated minimum — pressure stays unusually constant cycle-to-cycle, often a sign that the closed-loop combustion controller has lost authority or the sensor signal is filtered.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 6 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — der Druck bleibt ungewöhnlich konstant, oft Hinweis darauf, dass die Verbrennungsregelung die Autorität verloren hat oder das Sensorsignal gefiltert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_press_variation_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal filtered",
            "de": "Sensorsignal gefiltert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Brennraumdruck-Variation hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 6 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 6 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_press_variation_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial misfire",
            "de": "Teilweise Aussetzer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 6 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 6 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_combustion_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow rate drift",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 7 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 7 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_press_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_press_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_press_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 7 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_press_too_low_comp",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 7",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an Zylinder 7"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 7 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_press_too_high_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-ignition or knock",
            "de": "Vorzündung oder Klopfen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Pressure Variation Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdruck-Variation niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 7 is below the calibrated minimum — pressure stays unusually constant cycle-to-cycle, often a sign that the closed-loop combustion controller has lost authority or the sensor signal is filtered.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 7 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — der Druck bleibt ungewöhnlich konstant, oft Hinweis darauf, dass die Verbrennungsregelung die Autorität verloren hat oder das Sensorsignal gefiltert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_press_variation_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal filtered",
            "de": "Sensorsignal gefiltert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Brennraumdruck-Variation hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 7 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 7 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_press_variation_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial misfire",
            "de": "Teilweise Aussetzer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 7 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 7 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_combustion_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow rate drift",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 8 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 8 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_press_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0395"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03DB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03DB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_press_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03DB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdrucksensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_press_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03DB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 8 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_press_too_low_comp",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 8",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an Zylinder 8"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03DB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 8 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_press_too_high_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-ignition or knock",
            "de": "Vorzündung oder Klopfen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03DB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Pressure Variation Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdruck-Variation niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 8 is below the calibrated minimum — pressure stays unusually constant cycle-to-cycle, often a sign that the closed-loop combustion controller has lost authority or the sensor signal is filtered.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 8 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — der Druck bleibt ungewöhnlich konstant, oft Hinweis darauf, dass die Verbrennungsregelung die Autorität verloren hat oder das Sensorsignal gefiltert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_press_variation_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal filtered",
            "de": "Sensorsignal gefiltert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03DB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Brennraumdruck-Variation hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 8 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 8 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_press_variation_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial misfire",
            "de": "Teilweise Aussetzer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03DB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 8 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 8 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_combustion_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow rate drift",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03DB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Positions-Steller A Positionssensor C Schaltkreis (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the position sensor C of the intake (A) camshaft phaser actuator on bank 1. Used as additional feedback on engines with multiple cam profiles or three-position cam phasing.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Positionssensor C des Einlass-Nockenwellen-Stellers (A) an Bank 1. Genutzt als zusätzliches Feedback bei Motoren mit mehreren Nockenprofilen oder dreistufiger Nockenwellenverstellung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_pos_act_c_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor C Range/Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Positions-Steller A Positionssensor C Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor C reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "Positionssensor C liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_pos_act_c_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03E5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Positions-Steller A Positionssensor C Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor C below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Positionssensor C unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_pos_act_c_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03E5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Positions-Steller A Positionssensor C Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor C above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Positionssensor C über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_pos_act_c_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03E5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor A Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller A Positionssensor A Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive learning offset for camshaft profile actuator A position sensor A has reached its learning limit. Long-term mechanical wear of the cam profile lock pin or oil control valve.",
        "de": "Der adaptive Lern-Offset für den Positionssensor A des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers A hat die Lerngrenze erreicht. Langzeit-Verschleiss am Sperrstift oder Ölsteuerventil des Profilstellers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_a_learn_limit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Long-term wear",
            "de": "Langzeitverschleiss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor B Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller A Positionssensor B Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive learning offset for camshaft profile actuator A position sensor B has reached its learning limit. Long-term mechanical wear of the cam profile lock pin or oil control valve.",
        "de": "Der adaptive Lern-Offset für den Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers A hat die Lerngrenze erreicht. Langzeit-Verschleiss am Sperrstift oder Ölsteuerventil des Profilstellers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_b_learn_limit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Long-term wear",
            "de": "Langzeitverschleiss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03E9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor C Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller A Positionssensor C Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive learning offset for camshaft profile actuator A position sensor C has reached its learning limit. Long-term mechanical wear of the cam profile lock pin or oil control valve.",
        "de": "Der adaptive Lern-Offset für den Positionssensor C des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers A hat die Lerngrenze erreicht. Langzeit-Verschleiss am Sperrstift oder Ölsteuerventil des Profilstellers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_c_learn_limit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Long-term wear",
            "de": "Langzeitverschleiss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03E9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator C Control Circuit/Open (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller A Position C Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for cam profile actuator A in position C on bank 1 is open. Three-stage cam profile systems use a separate control valve per profile position.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers A in Position C an Bank 1 ist offen. Dreistufige Profilsysteme nutzen ein separates Steuerventil je Profilposition."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_a_c_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator C Control Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller A Position C Steuerkreis niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam profile actuator A position C drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers A Position C niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_a_c_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03EC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator C Control Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller A Position C Steuerkreis hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam profile actuator A position C drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers A Position C hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_a_c_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03EC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator C Control Performance/Stuck Off (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller A Position C Leistung/aus (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam profile actuator A position C is electrically OK but does not engage when commanded.",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller A Position C ist elektrisch in Ordnung, schaltet aber nicht auf Befehl ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_a_c_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock pin or oil supply restricted",
            "de": "Sperrstift oder Ölversorgung eingeschränkt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03EC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator C Control Stuck On (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller A Position C eingeschaltet festgesetzt (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam profile actuator A position C is stuck engaged when commanded off — typically a stuck oil control valve.",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller A Position C bleibt eingeschaltet trotz Aus-Befehl — meist klemmendes Ölsteuerventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_a_c_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03EC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator C Control Circuit/Open (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Position C Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for cam profile actuator B in position C on bank 1 is open. Three-stage cam profile systems use a separate control valve per profile position.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B in Position C an Bank 1 ist offen. Dreistufige Profilsysteme nutzen ein separates Steuerventil je Profilposition."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_b_c_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03EC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator C Control Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Position C Steuerkreis niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam profile actuator A position C drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B Position C niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_b_c_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03F1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator C Control Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Position C Steuerkreis hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam profile actuator A position C drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B Position C hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_b_c_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03F1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator C Control Performance/Stuck Off (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Position C Leistung/aus (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam profile actuator B position C is electrically OK but does not engage when commanded.",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Position C ist elektrisch in Ordnung, schaltet aber nicht auf Befehl ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_b_c_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock pin or oil supply restricted",
            "de": "Sperrstift oder Ölversorgung eingeschränkt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03F1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator C Control Stuck On (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Position C eingeschaltet festgesetzt (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam profile actuator B position C is stuck engaged when commanded off — typically a stuck oil control valve.",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Position C bleibt eingeschaltet trotz Aus-Befehl — meist klemmendes Ölsteuerventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_profile_b_c_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ölsteuerventil offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03F1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Positions-Steller B Positionssensor C Schaltkreis (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the position sensor C of the intake (A) camshaft phaser actuator on bank 1. Used as additional feedback on engines with multiple cam profiles or three-position cam phasing.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Positionssensor C des Einlass-Nockenwellen-Stellers (A) an Bank 1. Genutzt als zusätzliches Feedback bei Motoren mit mehreren Nockenprofilen oder dreistufiger Nockenwellenverstellung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_pos_act_b_c_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03E5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor C Range/Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Positions-Steller B Positionssensor C Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor C reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "Positionssensor C liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_pos_act_b_c_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03F6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Positions-Steller B Positionssensor C Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor C below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Positionssensor C unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_pos_act_b_c_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03F6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Positions-Steller B Positionssensor C Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor C above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Positionssensor C über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cam_pos_act_b_c_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P03F6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition K Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung K Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition A control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals A ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_k_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition K Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung K Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition A control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_k_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition K Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung K Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition A control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_k_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition L Control Signal Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zündung L Steuersignal-Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition A control signal circuit is open — typically the PCM drive line for the first ignition coil group has lost continuity.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Zündsignals A ist offen — meist hat die Steuerleitung des Steuergeräts zur ersten Zündspulengruppe ihre Verbindung verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_l_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition L Control Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündung L Steuersignal-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition A control signal stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zündsignal A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_l_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P03FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition L Control Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündung L Steuersignal-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ignition A control signal stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Zündsignal A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ign_l_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P030C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0400",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Recirculation Flow Malfunction",
        "de": "Abgasrückführung Durchfluss Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault has been detected in the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. EGR routes a portion of exhaust back into the intake to reduce combustion temperature and NOx emissions. Most EGR codes today are caused by carbon buildup blocking the valve.",
        "de": "Im Abgasrückführungssystem (AGR) wurde eine allgemeine Störung erkannt. Die AGR leitet einen Teil des Abgases zurück in den Ansaugtrakt, um die Verbrennungstemperatur und damit die NOx-Emissionen zu senken. Die meisten AGR-Fehler heute sind auf Verkokung am Ventil zurückzuführen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve",
        "egr_cooler",
        "dpfe_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_valve_carboned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve clogged with carbon",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil mit Ruß zugesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_passages_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake EGR passages blocked",
            "de": "AGR-Kanäle im Ansaugtrakt verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpfe_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPFE / EGR position sensor failed",
            "de": "DPFE-/AGR-Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0401",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Recirculation Flow Insufficient Detected",
        "de": "Abgasrückführung zu geringer Durchfluss erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When the ECU commands EGR open, the actual flow measured by the DPFE sensor or the resulting MAP/MAF change is below threshold. By far the most common cause is a carboned-up EGR valve or blocked intake passages.",
        "de": "Wenn die Motorsteuerung das AGR-Ventil öffnet, ist der vom DPFE-Sensor gemessene Durchfluss oder die erwartete MAP/MAF-Änderung zu gering. Mit Abstand häufigste Ursache ist ein verkoktes AGR-Ventil oder verstopfte Ansaugkanäle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve",
        "egr_passages",
        "dpfe_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_valve_carboned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve clogged or stuck closed",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil verkokt oder hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_passages_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake EGR passages blocked with carbon",
            "de": "AGR-Kanäle im Ansaugtrakt mit Ruß verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_supply_to_egr",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum line to EGR (vacuum-actuated valves) cracked",
            "de": "Unterdruckleitung zum AGR-Ventil (bei Unterdruck-Ventilen) rissig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0402",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Recirculation Flow Excessive Detected",
        "de": "Abgasrückführung zu hoher Durchfluss erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR flow is higher than expected when the valve should be closed, or higher than commanded when partially open. Typically a valve that has stuck open due to carbon, causing rough idle and stalling.",
        "de": "Der AGR-Durchfluss ist höher als erwartet, wenn das Ventil geschlossen sein sollte, oder höher als angefordert bei teilweiser Öffnung. Typischerweise ein Ventil, das durch Verkokung offen hängt — das verursacht Leerlaufunruhe und Absterben des Motors."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve stuck open",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil hängt offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_valve_seat_eroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seat eroded — does not seal",
            "de": "Ventilsitz erodiert — dichtet nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0403",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Control Circuit",
        "de": "AGR-Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the EGR valve solenoid is open or shorted. The ECM cannot drive the valve to the commanded position.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des AGR-Magnetventils ist offen oder kurzgeschlossen. Die Steuerung kann das Ventil nicht in die geforderte Position bewegen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve",
        "egr_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR solenoid winding defective",
            "de": "Wicklung des AGR-Magnetventils defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM driver stage damaged",
            "de": "Treiberstufe im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0400",
        "P0401",
        "P0402",
        "P0404"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0404",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Range/Performance",
        "de": "AGR Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR valve does not move through its expected range or its position feedback does not track command. The valve may be sticking, the position sensor may be drifting or carbon buildup is preventing full travel.",
        "de": "Das AGR-Ventil bewegt sich nicht im erwarteten Bereich oder die Positionsrückmeldung folgt der Vorgabe nicht. Das Ventil hängt, der Positionssensor driftet oder Verkokung verhindert den vollen Hub."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve",
        "egr_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_valve_carbon",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup on EGR valve",
            "de": "Verkokung am AGR-Ventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_position_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor drift",
            "de": "Drift des Positionssensors"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_valve_mechanical",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical valve damage",
            "de": "Mechanischer Ventilschaden"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0400",
        "P0401",
        "P0402",
        "P0403"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0405",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Recirculation Sensor \"A\" Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasrückführungssensor \"A\" Schaltung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR position sensor A signal voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open circuit, short to ground, or sensor fault. With no valid feedback, the ECU disables EGR and may set additional EGR codes.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des EGR-Positionssensors A liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — Unterbrechung, Masseschluss oder Sensordefekt. Ohne gültige Rückmeldung deaktiviert die Motorsteuerung die AGR und setzt eventuell weitere EGR-Codes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_position_sensor",
        "egr_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR position sensor failed",
            "de": "EGR-Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0406",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Recirculation Sensor \"A\" Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasrückführungssensor \"A\" Schaltung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR position sensor A signal voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open circuit, short to ground, or sensor fault. With no valid feedback, the ECU disables EGR and may set additional EGR codes.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des EGR-Positionssensors A liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — Unterbrechung, Masseschluss oder Sensordefekt. Ohne gültige Rückmeldung deaktiviert die Motorsteuerung die AGR und setzt eventuell weitere EGR-Codes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_position_sensor",
        "egr_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_sensor_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Sensorstromkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR position sensor failed",
            "de": "EGR-Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0405"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0407",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signal from EGR position or pressure sensor B is below the lower diagnostic threshold. Indicates a short to ground, open signal wire or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Das Signal des AGR-Positions- oder Drucksensors B liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert. Hinweis auf Masseschluss, unterbrochene Signalleitung oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_position_sensor",
        "egr_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_sensor_b_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR sensor B internally faulty",
            "de": "AGR-Sensor B intern defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded",
            "de": "Stecker korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0405",
        "P0406",
        "P0408"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0408",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Recirculation Sensor \"B\" Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasrückführungssensor \"B\" Schaltung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR position sensor A signal voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open circuit, short to ground, or sensor fault. With no valid feedback, the ECU disables EGR and may set additional EGR codes.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des EGR-Positionssensors A liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — Unterbrechung, Masseschluss oder Sensordefekt. Ohne gültige Rückmeldung deaktiviert die Motorsteuerung die AGR und setzt eventuell weitere EGR-Codes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_position_sensor",
        "egr_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR position sensor B failed",
            "de": "EGR-Positionssensor B defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0405"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0409",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Recirculation Sensor \"B\" Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasrückführungssensor \"B\" Schaltung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR position sensor A signal voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold — open circuit, short to ground, or sensor fault. With no valid feedback, the ECU disables EGR and may set additional EGR codes.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des EGR-Positionssensors A liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — Unterbrechung, Masseschluss oder Sensordefekt. Ohne gültige Rückmeldung deaktiviert die Motorsteuerung die AGR und setzt eventuell weitere EGR-Codes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_position_sensor",
        "egr_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_sensor_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Sensorstromkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR position sensor B failed",
            "de": "EGR-Positionssensor B defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0406"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P040A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on EGR temperature sensor A — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. The sensor monitors recirculated exhaust gas temperature for EGR cooler protection and dosing.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AGR-Temperatursensor A — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Der Sensor überwacht die rückgeführte Abgastemperatur zum Schutz des AGR-Kühlers und für die Dosierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor",
        "egr_cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_a_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P040B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR temperature sensor A reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor A liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_a_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P040A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P040C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR temperature sensor A below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor A unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P040A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P040D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR temperature sensor A above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor A über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_a_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P040A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P040E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR temperature sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor A - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_a_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P040A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P040F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR temperature sensors A and B disagree by more than the allowed tolerance over a drive cycle.",
        "de": "Die AGR-Temperatursensoren A und B weichen über einen Fahrzyklus mehr als zulässig voneinander ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_corr_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifts",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0410",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Malfunction",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in the secondary air injection system. The system pumps fresh air into the exhaust during cold start to accelerate catalyst light-off; common faults are a seized pump, blocked passages or a stuck valve.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Sekundärluftsystem. Das System pumpt während des Kaltstarts Frischluft in den Abgastrakt, um den Katalysator schneller anspringen zu lassen. Häufige Fehler — festsitzende Pumpe, verstopfte Kanäle oder hängendes Ventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_pump",
        "secondary_air_valve",
        "secondary_air_hose"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "secondary_air_pump_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pump seized (water ingress is a common cause)",
            "de": "Luftpumpe festgesetzt (häufig durch Wassereinbruch)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_air_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Combi valve stuck",
            "de": "Kombiventil hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0411",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Incorrect Flow",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem falscher Durchfluss"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When the ECU commands secondary air injection, the actual flow measured by the front oxygen sensor (or a dedicated mass flow meter) does not match the expected value. Usually a partially blocked passage or a leaking combi valve.",
        "de": "Wenn die Motorsteuerung Sekundärluft anfordert, weicht der tatsächlich gemessene Durchfluss (von der vorderen Lambdasonde oder einem dedizierten Sensor) vom erwarteten Wert ab. Meist ein teilweise verstopfter Kanal oder ein undichtes Kombiventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_pump",
        "secondary_air_valve",
        "secondary_air_passages"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "secondary_air_passages_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air passages in cylinder head clogged with carbon",
            "de": "Luftkanäle im Zylinderkopf mit Ruß zugesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_air_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pump weak",
            "de": "Luftpumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0410"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0412",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve A Circuit",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Schaltventil A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on AIR system switching valve A — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. The valve diverts secondary air between manifolds during cold start to speed up catalyst light-off.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Sekundärluftsystem-Schaltventil A — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Das Ventil leitet Sekundärluft beim Kaltstart zwischen den Krümmern um, damit der Katalysator schneller auf Betriebstemperatur kommt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_switch_a_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open or shorted",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0413",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve A Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Schaltventil A Schaltkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AIR system switching valve A drive circuit open — solenoid winding or harness break.",
        "de": "Treiberkreis des Sekundärluftsystem-Schaltventils A offen — Magnetwicklung oder Kabelbruch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_switch_a_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open winding or wire",
            "de": "Wicklung oder Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0412"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0414",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve \"A\" Circuit Shorted",
        "de": "Sekundärluft-Einblassystem Umschaltventil \"A\" Schaltung Kurzschluss"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected a short circuit in the secondary air injection switching valve A control circuit. With the valve unable to switch correctly, the cold-start emissions strategy fails and the catalyst takes longer to reach light-off.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Kurzschluss im Steuerstromkreis des Sekundärluft-Umschaltventils A. Bei fehlerhafter Umschaltung gelingt die Kaltstart-Emissionsstrategie nicht und der Katalysator erreicht später die Anspringtemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_valve",
        "secondary_air_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sec_air_valve_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching valve circuit shorted",
            "de": "Umschaltventil Kurzschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sec_air_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0415",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve B Circuit",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Schaltventil B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on AIR system switching valve A — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. The valve diverts secondary air between manifolds during cold start to speed up catalyst light-off.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Sekundärluftsystem-Schaltventil A — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Das Ventil leitet Sekundärluft beim Kaltstart zwischen den Krümmern um, damit der Katalysator schneller auf Betriebstemperatur kommt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_switch_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid fault",
            "de": "Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0412"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0416",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve B Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Schaltventil B Schaltkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AIR system switching valve A drive circuit open — solenoid winding or harness break.",
        "de": "Treiberkreis des Sekundärluftsystem-Schaltventils A offen — Magnetwicklung oder Kabelbruch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_switch_b_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open winding or wire",
            "de": "Wicklung oder Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0415"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0417",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve B Circuit Shorted",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Schaltventil B Schaltkreis kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AIR switching valve B drive circuit shorted to ground or B+.",
        "de": "Treiberkreis des Sekundärluftsystem-Schaltventils B nach Masse oder Plus kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_switch_b_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short in drive line",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in der Treiberleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0415"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0418",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Relay \"A\" Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Sekundärluft-Einblassystem Relais \"A\" Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault in the secondary air injection pump relay A circuit. Without the relay, the air pump cannot be commanded and the system cannot complete its cold-start function.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des Relais A für die Sekundärluftpumpe. Ohne Relais kann die Luftpumpe nicht angesteuert werden und die Kaltstart-Funktion läuft nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_relay",
        "secondary_air_pump",
        "relay_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sec_air_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pump relay failed",
            "de": "Luftpumpenrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0419",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Control B Circuit",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Steuerung B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on AIR system control circuit B (typically the AIR pump driver line on the second pump or relay).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Sekundärluftsystem-Steuerkreis B (meist der Treiberkreis der zweiten Luftpumpe oder des zweiten Relais)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_b_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump driver or relay fault",
            "de": "Pumpentreiber oder Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P041A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on EGR temperature sensor B — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. The sensor monitors recirculated exhaust gas temperature for EGR cooler protection and dosing.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AGR-Temperatursensor B — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Der Sensor überwacht die rückgeführte Abgastemperatur zum Schutz des AGR-Kühlers und für die Dosierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P040A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P041B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor B Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR temperature sensor B reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor B liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_b_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P041A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P041C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR temperature sensor B below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor B unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P041A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P041D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR temperature sensor B above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor B über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_b_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P041A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P041E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR temperature sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor B - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_temp_b_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P041A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P041F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Schaltventil A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AIR switching valve A drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Sekundärluftsystem-Schaltventils A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_switch_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0412"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0420",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Katalysatorwirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oxygen storage capacity of the main catalytic converter on bank 1 has degraded below the OBD threshold. The downstream oxygen sensor signal increasingly mirrors the upstream sensor, indicating reduced conversion efficiency.",
        "de": "Die Sauerstoffspeicherfähigkeit des Hauptkatalysators auf Bank 1 liegt unter dem OBD-Grenzwert. Das Signal der nachgeschalteten Lambdasonde folgt zunehmend dem der vorgeschalteten Sonde, was auf reduzierte Wirkung hinweist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalytic_converter",
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Katalysator gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_downstream_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream oxygen sensor drift",
            "de": "Nachgeschaltete Lambdasonde driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_pre_cat",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak before catalyst",
            "de": "Abgasleck vor Katalysator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "engine_misfire_history",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Long-term misfire damage",
            "de": "Langzeitschäden durch Verbrennungsaussetzer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0430"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:15031-6"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0421",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Warm Up Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Warmlauf-Katalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pre-cat (warm-up) catalyst on bank 1 has lost too much oxygen storage capacity. Its primary purpose — quickly reaching light-off after a cold start — is no longer met within the OBD limits.",
        "de": "Der Vorkatalysator (Warmlauf-Katalysator) auf Bank 1 hat zu viel Sauerstoffspeicherkapazität verloren. Seine Hauptaufgabe — schneller Light-off nach Kaltstart — wird innerhalb der OBD-Grenzen nicht mehr erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "warm_up_catalyst",
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "precat_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-catalyst aged or damaged",
            "de": "Vorkatalysator gealtert oder beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor drift",
            "de": "Lambdasonde driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0420"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0422",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Main Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Hauptkatalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic main catalyst efficiency code on bank 1 — used by some manufacturers in addition to or instead of P0420. Indicates the same root cause — degraded oxygen storage in the main catalyst.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Wirkungsgrad-Code des Hauptkatalysators Bank 1 — von einigen Herstellern zusätzlich oder anstelle von P0420 verwendet. Gleiche Grundursache — verschlechterte Sauerstoffspeicherung im Hauptkatalysator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalytic_converter",
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Katalysator gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor drift",
            "de": "Lambdasonde driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0420"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0423",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Heated Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Beheizter Katalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heated (electrically warmed) catalyst on bank 1 fails efficiency monitoring. In addition to standard catalyst aging, faults in the catalyst heater control or supply can cause this code.",
        "de": "Beheizter (elektrisch erwärmter) Katalysator Bank 1 besteht die Wirkungsgrad-Prüfung nicht. Neben üblicher Alterung können Fehler in der Heizungssteuerung oder -versorgung diesen Code auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "heated_catalyst",
        "catalyst_heater",
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Katalysator gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst heater circuit fault",
            "de": "Heizungsschaltkreis fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0420"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0424",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Heated Catalyst Temperature Below Threshold (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Beheizter Katalysator Temperatur unter Schwellwert (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heated catalyst on bank 1 does not reach its target temperature within the expected time. Common causes are a defective heater element, supply fault, or a damaged temperature sensor.",
        "de": "Der beheizte Katalysator Bank 1 erreicht die Zieltemperatur nicht innerhalb der erwarteten Zeit. Häufige Ursachen — defektes Heizelement, Versorgungsfehler oder beschädigter Temperatursensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "heated_catalyst",
        "catalyst_heater",
        "cat_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_element_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open or shorted",
            "de": "Heizelement offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Kat-Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0423"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0425",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor (Bank 1, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor (Bank 1, Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault detected in the catalyst temperature sensor on bank 1 sensor position 1. The ECU uses this signal to manage heater control and protect the catalyst from overtemperature.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Katalysator-Temperatursensor Bank 1, Sensorposition 1. Die Motorsteuerung nutzt dieses Signal zur Heizungsregelung und zum Schutz vor Übertemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cat_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cat temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Kat-Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0426",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 1 sensor 1 reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 1 Sensor 1 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalytic_converter",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b1s1_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0427",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 1 sensor 1 below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 1 Sensor 1 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b1s1_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0426"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0428",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 1 sensor 1 above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 1 Sensor 1 über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b1s1_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0426"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0429",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Control Circuit/Open (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the heated catalyst on bank 1 is open. Heated catalysts use an electrical heating element to reach light-off temperature within seconds of cold start.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des beheizten Katalysators an Bank 1 ist offen. Beheizte Katalysatoren erreichen mit einem elektrischen Heizelement ihre Anspringtemperatur in Sekunden nach Kaltstart."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_heater_b1_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element or wiring open",
            "de": "Heizelement oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P042A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the catalyst temperature sensor at bank 1 sensor 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 1 Sensor 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b1s2_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P042B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 1 sensor 2 reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 1 Sensor 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b1s2_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0426"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P042C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 1 sensor 2 below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 1 Sensor 2 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b1s2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0427"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P042D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 1 sensor 2 above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 1 Sensor 2 über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b1s2_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0428"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P042E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR A Control Stuck Open",
        "de": "AGR A Steuerung hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR valve A is mechanically stuck open — exhaust gas continues to flow into the intake at all times, causing rough idle and lean condition during acceleration.",
        "de": "AGR-Ventil A hängt mechanisch offen — Abgas strömt dauerhaft in den Ansaugtrakt, verursacht unruhigen Leerlauf und mageres Gemisch beim Beschleunigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_a_stuck_open_carbon",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup holds valve open",
            "de": "Verkokung hält Ventil offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P042F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR A Control Stuck Closed",
        "de": "AGR A Steuerung hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR valve A is mechanically stuck closed — no exhaust gas recirculation, NOx emissions rise and EGR-dependent strategies fail.",
        "de": "AGR-Ventil A hängt mechanisch geschlossen — keine Abgasrückführung, NOx-Emissionen steigen und AGR-abhängige Strategien fallen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_a_stuck_closed_carbon",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup holds valve closed",
            "de": "Verkokung hält Ventil geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P042E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0430",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Katalysatorwirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as P0420 but on bank 2. On engines with one shared catalyst per bank, P0420 and P0430 appearing together usually point to age rather than damage.",
        "de": "Gleiche Bedingung wie P0420, aber auf Bank 2. Bei Motoren mit je einem Katalysator pro Bank deuten gemeinsam auftretende P0420 und P0430 meist auf Alterung statt auf Beschädigung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalytic_converter",
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Katalysator gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_downstream_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream oxygen sensor drift",
            "de": "Nachgeschaltete Lambdasonde driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0420"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0431",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Warm Up Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Warmlauf-Katalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pre-cat (warm-up) catalyst on bank 2 has lost too much oxygen storage capacity. Its primary purpose — quickly reaching light-off after a cold start — is no longer met within the OBD limits.",
        "de": "Der Vorkatalysator (Warmlauf-Katalysator) auf Bank 2 hat zu viel Sauerstoffspeicherkapazität verloren. Seine Hauptaufgabe — schneller Light-off nach Kaltstart — wird innerhalb der OBD-Grenzen nicht mehr erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "warm_up_catalyst",
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "precat_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-catalyst aged or damaged",
            "de": "Vorkatalysator gealtert oder beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor drift",
            "de": "Lambdasonde driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0421",
        "P0430"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0432",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Main Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Hauptkatalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic main catalyst efficiency code on bank 2 — used by some manufacturers in addition to or instead of P0420. Indicates the same root cause — degraded oxygen storage in the main catalyst.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Wirkungsgrad-Code des Hauptkatalysators Bank 2 — von einigen Herstellern zusätzlich oder anstelle von P0420 verwendet. Gleiche Grundursache — verschlechterte Sauerstoffspeicherung im Hauptkatalysator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalytic_converter",
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Katalysator gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor drift",
            "de": "Lambdasonde driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0422",
        "P0430"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0433",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Heated Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Beheizter Katalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Heated (electrically warmed) catalyst on bank 2 fails efficiency monitoring. In addition to standard catalyst aging, faults in the catalyst heater control or supply can cause this code.",
        "de": "Beheizter (elektrisch erwärmter) Katalysator Bank 2 besteht die Wirkungsgrad-Prüfung nicht. Neben üblicher Alterung können Fehler in der Heizungssteuerung oder -versorgung diesen Code auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "heated_catalyst",
        "catalyst_heater",
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Katalysator gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst heater circuit fault",
            "de": "Heizungsschaltkreis fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0423",
        "P0430"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0434",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Heated Catalyst Temperature Below Threshold (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Beheizter Katalysator Temperatur unter Schwellwert (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heated catalyst on bank 2 has not reached its calibrated light-off temperature within the expected time after engine start. Heater element weak or insufficient supply.",
        "de": "Der beheizte Katalysator an Bank 2 hat seine Kalibrier-Anspringtemperatur nach Motorstart nicht im erwarteten Zeitfenster erreicht. Heizelement schwach oder Versorgung unzureichend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_heater",
        "catalytic_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_heater_b2_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element ageing",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0435",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the catalyst temperature sensor at bank 2 sensor 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 2 Sensor 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b2s1_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P042A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0436",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 2 sensor 1 reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 2 Sensor 1 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b2s1_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0426"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0437",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 2 sensor 1 below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 2 Sensor 1 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b2s1_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0427"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0438",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 2 sensor 1 above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 2 Sensor 1 über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b2s1_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0428"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0439",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Control Circuit/Open (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the heated catalyst on bank 2 is open. Heated catalysts use an electrical heating element to reach light-off temperature within seconds of cold start.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des beheizten Katalysators an Bank 2 ist offen. Beheizte Katalysatoren erreichen mit einem elektrischen Heizelement ihre Anspringtemperatur in Sekunden nach Kaltstart."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_heater_b2_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element or wiring open",
            "de": "Heizelement oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0429"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P043A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the catalyst temperature sensor at bank 2 sensor 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 2 Sensor 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b2s2_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P042A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P043B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 2 sensor 2 reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 2 Sensor 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b2s2_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0426"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P043C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 2 sensor 2 below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 2 Sensor 2 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b2s2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0427"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P043D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor at bank 2 sensor 2 above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor an Bank 2 Sensor 2 über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_b2s2_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0428"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P043E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Reference Orifice Low Flow",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckerkennung Referenzblende niedriger Durchfluss"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During the EVAP leak-detection self-test, the calibration airflow through the reference orifice is below the expected rate. The orifice may be partially blocked.",
        "de": "Beim EVAP-Leckerkennungs-Selbsttest liegt der Kalibrier-Luftstrom durch die Referenzblende unter der erwarteten Rate. Die Blende kann teilweise verstopft sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump",
        "evap_canister"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_orifice_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference orifice partially blocked",
            "de": "Referenzblende teilweise verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P043F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Reference Orifice High Flow",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckerkennung Referenzblende hoher Durchfluss"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During the leak-detection self-test, airflow through the reference orifice is above the expected rate — typically a leak around the orifice or a damaged seal.",
        "de": "Beim Leckerkennungs-Selbsttest liegt der Luftstrom durch die Referenzblende über der erwarteten Rate — meist Leck an der Blende oder beschädigte Dichtung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_orifice_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak at orifice or seal",
            "de": "Leck an Blende oder Dichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P043E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0440",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission Control System Malfunction",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungssystem Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in the evaporative emission (EVAP) system has been detected. The system seals the fuel tank and captures fuel vapour in a charcoal canister; this code indicates a failed leak test or sensor without identifying the specific failure.",
        "de": "Eine allgemeine Störung im Tankentlüftungssystem (EVAP) wurde erkannt. Das System dichtet den Kraftstofftank ab und fängt Benzindämpfe im Aktivkohlefilter auf; dieser Code zeigt einen fehlgeschlagenen Dichtheitstest oder Sensorfehler ohne nähere Eingrenzung an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_canister",
        "evap_purge_valve",
        "fuel_filler_cap",
        "evap_vent_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_cap_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel filler cap loose or worn",
            "de": "Tankdeckel locker oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_purge_valve",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve stuck open or closed",
            "de": "Tankentlüftungsventil hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_hose_cracked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked EVAP hose",
            "de": "Rissiger EVAP-Schlauch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0441",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Incorrect Purge Flow",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungssystem falscher Spülluftstrom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The actual purge flow does not match the commanded value. Usually a purge valve stuck closed (no flow) or stuck open (too much flow at idle). Distinct from a leak code.",
        "de": "Der tatsächliche Spülluftstrom weicht vom Sollwert ab. Meist ein Tankentlüftungsventil, das geschlossen hängt (kein Durchfluss) oder offen hängt (zu viel Durchfluss im Leerlauf). Kein Leck-Code."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve",
        "evap_canister",
        "evap_hose"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve stuck open or closed",
            "de": "Tankentlüftungsventil hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "purge_hose_kinked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge hose kinked or restricted",
            "de": "Spülluftleitung geknickt oder verengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0442",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Small Leak)",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungssystem kleines Leck erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A small leak (typically equivalent to a 0.040 inch / 1.0 mm orifice) has been detected in the EVAP system. By far the most common cause is a fuel cap that is loose, missing, or has a worn seal.",
        "de": "Ein kleines Leck (typischerweise einem Loch von 0,040 Zoll / 1,0 mm Durchmesser entsprechend) wurde im Tankentlüftungssystem erkannt. Die mit Abstand häufigste Ursache ist ein lockerer, fehlender oder verschlissener Tankdeckel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_filler_cap",
        "evap_canister",
        "evap_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_cap_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel cap loose, missing, or worn seal",
            "de": "Tankdeckel locker, fehlt oder Dichtung verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_hose_small_crack",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Small crack in EVAP hose",
            "de": "Kleiner Riss in EVAP-Schlauch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_purge_valve_leak",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve leaking",
            "de": "Tankentlüftungsventil undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0443",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit",
        "de": "Tankentlüftung Aktivkohlefilter-Spülventil Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the EVAP purge solenoid circuit. The ECU detects an open, shorted, or out-of-range condition on the purge valve driver.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des Tankentlüftungs-Spülventils. Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen offenen, kurzgeschlossenen oder unplausiblen Zustand am Treiber des Spülventils."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve",
        "purge_valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge solenoid electrically failed",
            "de": "Spülventil elektrisch defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "purge_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring/connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0444",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission Purge Control Valve Circuit Open",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungsventil Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an open circuit in the purge solenoid control line — usually a broken wire, unplugged connector, or open coil winding.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen offenen Stromkreis in der Ansteuerung des Tankentlüftungsventils — meist gebrochene Leitung, abgezogener Stecker oder unterbrochene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve",
        "evap_purge_valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetventil-Wicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0445",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Purge Control Valve Circuit Shorted",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungs-System Aktivkohlefilter-Spülventil Schaltung Kurzschluss"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected a short in the EVAP purge solenoid control circuit. With the valve permanently energized or shorted, the system can either over-purge causing rich running, or stay closed.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Kurzschluss im Steuerkreis des Tankentlüftungs-Spülventils. Bei dauerhaftem Bestromen oder Kurzschluss spült das System entweder zu stark (fettes Gemisch) oder bleibt geschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve",
        "purge_valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve circuit shorted",
            "de": "Spülventil-Stromkreis Kurzschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0446",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission Vent Control Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Tankentlüftung Belüftungsventil Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault in the EVAP vent valve circuit. The vent valve seals the canister against atmosphere during the leak test; without it, the test cannot pull a vacuum and may set false leak codes alongside.",
        "de": "Fehler im Steuerkreis des EVAP-Belüftungsventils. Das Belüftungsventil dichtet den Aktivkohlebehälter während des Dichtheitstests gegen die Atmosphäre ab; ohne dieses Ventil kann das System keinen Unterdruck aufbauen und setzt mitunter zusätzliche falsche Leck-Codes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve",
        "evap_vent_valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vent_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vent valve seized or contaminated by water/dirt",
            "de": "Belüftungsventil festgesetzt oder durch Wasser/Schmutz verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vent_valve_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0447",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Vent Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungs-System Belüftungsventil Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected an open circuit on the EVAP vent valve control. The vent valve is needed to seal the system for leak diagnostics; with the circuit open the leak test cannot complete.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen offenen Stromkreis am Steuerausgang des Belüftungsventils. Das Belüftungsventil dichtet das EVAP-System für die Dichtheitsprüfung ab; bei offenem Stromkreis kann der Leck-Test nicht abgeschlossen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve",
        "vent_valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vent_valve_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vent valve circuit open",
            "de": "Belüftungsventil-Stromkreis offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vent_valve_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0448",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Vent Control Circuit Shorted",
        "de": "EVAP-Entlüftungssteuerkreis kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EVAP vent valve drive circuit shorted to ground or B+. The vent valve seals the canister during pressure-test diagnostics.",
        "de": "Treiberkreis des EVAP-Entlüftungsventils nach Masse oder Plus kurzgeschlossen. Das Entlüftungsventil dichtet den Aktivkohlefilter während der Drucktest-Diagnose ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_vent_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short in drive line",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in der Treiberleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0449",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Vent Valve/Solenoid Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungs-System Belüftungsventil/Magnet Stromkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault was detected in the EVAP vent valve/solenoid control circuit. Without a working vent valve the EVAP leak test cannot complete and the system may remain not-ready.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Steuerkreis des Belüftungsventils/Magneten der Tankentlüftung. Ohne funktionierendes Ventil kann der EVAP-Dichtheitstest nicht abgeschlossen werden und das System bleibt eventuell not-ready."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve",
        "vent_valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vent_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vent valve electrically failed",
            "de": "Belüftungsventil elektrisch defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vent_valve_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P044A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor C Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on EGR sensor C — used as a third feedback (e.g. EGR delta-pressure or third position sensor) on advanced EGR systems.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AGR-Sensor C — genutzt als dritte Rückmeldung (z. B. AGR-Differenzdruck oder dritter Positionssensor) bei fortschrittlichen AGR-Systemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_c_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P044B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor C Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on EGR sensor C — used as a third feedback (e.g. EGR delta-pressure or third position sensor) on advanced EGR systems.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AGR-Sensor C — genutzt als dritte Rückmeldung (z. B. AGR-Differenzdruck oder dritter Positionssensor) bei fortschrittlichen AGR-Systemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_c_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P044A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P044C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor C Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR sensor C below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor C unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_c_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P044A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P044D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor C Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR sensor C above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor C über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_c_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P044A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P044E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor C Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR sensor C signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor C - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_c_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P044A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P044F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve A Circuit High",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Schaltventil A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AIR switching valve A drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Sekundärluftsystem-Schaltventils A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_switch_a_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0412"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0450",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit",
        "de": "EVAP-System Drucksensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on EVAP pressure sensor/switch A — used to monitor canister pressure during leak-detection diagnostics.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am EVAP-Drucksensor A — überwacht den Aktivkohlefilter-Druck während der Leckerkennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_press_a_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0451",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Tankentlüftung Drucksensor Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel tank pressure sensor reading is implausible — for example, fluctuating signal, noise, or values that do not respond to known pressure events such as a key-on tank refill.",
        "de": "Der Wert des Tankdrucksensors ist unplausibel — etwa schwankendes Signal, Rauschen oder Werte, die nicht auf bekannte Druckereignisse wie das Tanken reagieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_tank_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ftp_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tank pressure sensor drifted/noisy",
            "de": "Tankdrucksensor driftet oder rauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0452",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor Low Input",
        "de": "Tankentlüftung Drucksensor Eingangssignal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel tank pressure sensor signal is below the expected minimum voltage. Often caused by a failed sensor or a short to ground in the signal line.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Tankdrucksensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Mindestwert. Häufige Ursachen — defekter Sensor oder Masseschluss in der Signalleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_tank_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ftp_sensor_failed_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tank pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Tankdrucksensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0451"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0453",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Pressure Sensor High Input",
        "de": "Tankentlüftung Drucksensor Eingangssignal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel tank pressure sensor signal is above the expected maximum voltage, typical of a short to supply or a sensor that has failed high.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Tankdrucksensors liegt über dem erwarteten Maximalwert — typisch für Kurzschluss gegen Versorgungsspannung oder einen Sensor mit Maximalwert-Ausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_tank_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ftp_sensor_failed_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tank pressure sensor failed (high)",
            "de": "Tankdrucksensor defekt (Maximalwert)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0451"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0454",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "EVAP-System Drucksensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EVAP pressure sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "EVAP-Drucksensor A - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_press_a_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0450"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0455",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Large Leak)",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungssystem großes Leck erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A large leak has been detected during the EVAP system pressure or vacuum test — large enough that the system cannot hold pressure for the diagnostic interval. Typically a missing fuel cap, disconnected hose, or split canister.",
        "de": "Während der Druck- oder Unterdruckprüfung des Tankentlüftungssystems wurde ein großes Leck erkannt — so groß, dass das System den Druck im Diagnoseintervall nicht halten kann. Typischerweise fehlender Tankdeckel, abgefallener Schlauch oder gerissener Aktivkohlebehälter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_filler_cap",
        "evap_canister",
        "evap_hose"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_cap_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel cap missing or not seated",
            "de": "Tankdeckel fehlt oder sitzt nicht richtig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_hose_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVAP hose disconnected",
            "de": "EVAP-Schlauch abgefallen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_canister_cracked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charcoal canister cracked",
            "de": "Aktivkohlebehälter gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0456",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Very Small Leak)",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungssystem sehr kleines Leck erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A very small leak (typically equivalent to a 0.020 inch / 0.5 mm orifice) has been detected. Smaller threshold than P0442; intermittent and often weather-dependent. Modern OBD-II requires this monitor on most vehicles since model year 2000.",
        "de": "Ein sehr kleines Leck (typischerweise einem Loch von 0,020 Zoll / 0,5 mm Durchmesser entsprechend) wurde erkannt. Kleinere Schwelle als P0442; oft sporadisch und witterungsabhängig. Modernes OBD-II verlangt diesen Test auf den meisten Fahrzeugen ab Modelljahr 2000."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_filler_cap",
        "evap_canister",
        "evap_purge_valve",
        "evap_vent_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_cap_seal_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel cap seal hardened or worn",
            "de": "Tankdeckeldichtung verhärtet oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_purge_valve_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge or vent valve leaking slightly",
            "de": "Tankentlüftungs- oder Belüftungsventil leicht undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_hose_small_crack",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hairline crack in EVAP hose",
            "de": "Haarriss in EVAP-Schlauch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0442"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0457",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System Leak Detected (Fuel Cap Loose/Off)",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungs-System Leck erkannt (Tankdeckel locker/offen)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP system detected a large leak that strongly correlates with a missing or improperly closed fuel filler cap. After re-tightening the cap, the code clears once the readiness monitor completes.",
        "de": "Das EVAP-System hat ein großes Leck erkannt, das stark auf einen fehlenden oder nicht korrekt verschlossenen Tankdeckel hinweist. Nach festem Verschließen löscht der Code, sobald das Readiness-Monitor abgeschlossen ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_filler_cap",
        "evap_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_cap_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel cap loose, missing, or worn seal",
            "de": "Tankdeckel locker, fehlt oder dichtet nicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "filler_neck_damaged",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Filler neck damaged",
            "de": "Einfüllstutzen beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          80
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0,
          0.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0458",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Control Valve A Circuit Low",
        "de": "EVAP-System Tankentlüftungsventil A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EVAP purge control valve A drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des EVAP-Tankentlüftungsventils A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_purge_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0459",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Control Valve A Circuit High",
        "de": "EVAP-System Tankentlüftungsventil A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EVAP purge control valve A drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des EVAP-Tankentlüftungsventils A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_purge_a_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0458"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P045A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR B Control Circuit",
        "de": "AGR B Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on EGR control circuit B — second EGR valve on engines with high-pressure and low-pressure EGR loops.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AGR-Steuerkreis B — zweites AGR-Ventil bei Motoren mit Hochdruck- und Niederdruck-AGR-Schleifen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding fault",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P045B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR B Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "AGR B Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR valve B is electrically OK but does not respond as commanded — typically carbon buildup or sticking actuator.",
        "de": "AGR-Ventil B ist elektrisch in Ordnung, reagiert aber nicht wie befohlen — meist Verkokung oder klemmender Steller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_b_carbon",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup",
            "de": "Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P045A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P045C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR B drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "AGR-B-Treiberleitung niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P045A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P045D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR B drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "AGR-B-Treiberleitung hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P045A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P045E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR B Control Stuck Open",
        "de": "AGR B Steuerung hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR valve A is mechanically stuck open — exhaust gas continues to flow into the intake at all times, causing rough idle and lean condition during acceleration.",
        "de": "AGR-Ventil A hängt mechanisch offen — Abgas strömt dauerhaft in den Ansaugtrakt, verursacht unruhigen Leerlauf und mageres Gemisch beim Beschleunigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_b_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup holds valve open",
            "de": "Verkokung hält Ventil offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P042E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P045F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR B Control Stuck Closed",
        "de": "AGR B Steuerung hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR valve A is mechanically stuck closed — no exhaust gas recirculation, NOx emissions rise and EGR-dependent strategies fail.",
        "de": "AGR-Ventil A hängt mechanisch geschlossen — keine Abgasrückführung, NOx-Emissionen steigen und AGR-abhängige Strategien fallen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_b_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup holds valve closed",
            "de": "Verkokung hält Ventil geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P042F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0460",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstand-Sensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the primary fuel-level sensor (A) — open, shorted, or out of plausibility.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Haupt-Kraftstoffstandgeber (A) — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_a_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sender failed",
            "de": "Geber defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0461",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstand-Sensor A Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel-level sensor A reads in range but plausibility check fails — value sticks, jumps, or does not match consumption.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstandgeber A liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — bleibt hängen, springt oder passt nicht zum Verbrauch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_a_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float arm sticks",
            "de": "Schwimmerarm hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0460"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0462",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstand-Sensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel-level sensor A below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstandgeber A unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0460"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0463",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstand-Sensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel-level sensor A above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstandgeber A über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_a_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0460"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0464",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstand-Sensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel-level sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstandgeber A - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_a_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sender contact",
            "de": "Korrodierter Geberkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0460"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0465",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Purge Flow Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "EVAP Tankentlüftungs-Durchflusssensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the EVAP purge flow sensor — measures actual flow through the purge valve to verify the canister is being purged.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am EVAP-Tankentlüftungs-Durchflusssensor — misst den tatsächlichen Durchfluss durch das Tankentlüftungsventil zur Verifikation der Spülung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_purge_flow_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0466",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Purge Flow Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "EVAP Tankentlüftungs-Durchflusssensor Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EVAP purge flow sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "EVAP-Durchflusssensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_purge_flow_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0465"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0467",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Purge Flow Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "EVAP Tankentlüftungs-Durchflusssensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EVAP purge flow sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "EVAP-Durchflusssensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_purge_flow_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0465"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0468",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Purge Flow Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "EVAP Tankentlüftungs-Durchflusssensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EVAP purge flow sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "EVAP-Durchflusssensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_purge_flow_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0465"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0469",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Purge Flow Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "EVAP Tankentlüftungs-Durchflusssensor Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EVAP purge flow sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "EVAP-Durchflusssensor - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_purge_flow_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0465"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P046A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor 1/2 Correlation (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor 1/2 Korrelation (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensors 1 and 2 on bank 1 disagree by more than the allowed tolerance over a drive cycle.",
        "de": "Die Katalysator-Temperatursensoren 1 und 2 an Bank 1 weichen über einen Fahrzyklus mehr als zulässig voneinander ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_corr_b1",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifts",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P046B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Temperature Sensor 1/2 Correlation (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor 1/2 Korrelation (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Catalyst temperature sensors 1 and 2 on bank 2 disagree by more than the allowed tolerance over a drive cycle.",
        "de": "Die Katalysator-Temperatursensoren 1 und 2 an Bank 2 weichen über einen Fahrzyklus mehr als zulässig voneinander ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_corr_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifts",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P046A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P046C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor A Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR sensor A reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor A liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_a_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P046D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor A - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_a_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P046C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P046E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor B Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR sensor B reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor B liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_b_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P046C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P046F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor B - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_b_sensor_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P046D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0470",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on exhaust pressure sensor A — used to monitor backpressure across the DPF or to control variable-geometry turbo.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Abgasdrucksensor A — überwacht den Gegendruck über den DPF oder steuert die VTG-Aufladung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_a_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0471",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor A Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure sensor A reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor A liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_a_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0470"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0472",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure sensor A below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor A unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0470"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0473",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure sensor A above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor A über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_a_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0470"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0474",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor A - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_a_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0470"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0475",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault on exhaust pressure control valve A — used as a backpressure brake on heavy-duty diesels and to assist DPF regeneration by raising exhaust temperature.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Abgasdruckregelventil A — wird bei Schwerlast-Diesel als Auspuffbremse genutzt und unterstützt die DPF-Regeneration durch Anheben der Abgastemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized or solenoid failed",
            "de": "Ventil festgesetzt oder Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0476",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure control valve A is electrically OK but does not move as commanded.",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, bewegt sich aber nicht wie befohlen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_carbon",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup restricts movement",
            "de": "Verkokung schränkt Bewegung ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0475"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0477",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Low",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure control valve A drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Abgasdruckregelventils A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0475"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0478",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A High",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure control valve A drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Abgasdruckregelventils A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0475"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0479",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Intermittent",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure control valve A drive signal is unstable.",
        "de": "Treibersignal des Abgasdruckregelventils A ist instabil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0475"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P047A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on exhaust pressure sensor B — used to monitor backpressure across the DPF or to control variable-geometry turbo.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Abgasdrucksensor B — überwacht den Gegendruck über den DPF oder steuert die VTG-Aufladung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0470"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P047B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor B Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure sensor B reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor B liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_b_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0471"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P047C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure sensor B below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor B unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0472"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P047D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure sensor B above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor B über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_b_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0473"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P047E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Abgasdrucksensor B - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_b_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0474"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P047F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Stuck Open",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure control valve A is mechanically stuck open — backpressure cannot be raised, exhaust brake and DPF regen support fail.",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A hängt mechanisch offen — Gegendruck kann nicht aufgebaut werden, Auspuffbremse und DPF-Regenerationsunterstützung fallen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup or broken return spring",
            "de": "Verkokung oder gebrochene Rückstellfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0475"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0480",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling Fan 1 Control Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter 1 Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault in the cooling fan 1 control circuit (relay or PWM driver). May be set when the ECU detects an open, short, or unexpected current draw.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Steuerkreis von Kühlerlüfter 1 (Relais oder PWM-Treiber). Wird gesetzt, wenn die Motorsteuerung einen offenen, kurzgeschlossenen oder unplausiblen Strom feststellt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_relay",
        "cooling_fan_motor",
        "fan_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fan_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay failed",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fan_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized or open",
            "de": "Lüftermotor blockiert oder unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0481",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling Fan 2 Control Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter 2 Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault in the cooling fan 1 control circuit (relay or PWM driver). May be set when the ECU detects an open, short, or unexpected current draw.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Steuerkreis von Kühlerlüfter 1 (Relais oder PWM-Treiber). Wird gesetzt, wenn die Motorsteuerung einen offenen, kurzgeschlossenen oder unplausiblen Strom feststellt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_relay",
        "cooling_fan_motor",
        "fan_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fan_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay failed",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0480"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0482",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling Fan 3 Control Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter 3 Steuerkreis Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault detected in the third cooling fan control circuit. With one stage of cooling lost, engine and A/C condenser cooling capacity is reduced, particularly at low vehicle speeds.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Steuerkreis des dritten Kühlerlüfters. Bei Ausfall einer Lüfterstufe sinkt die Kühlleistung für Motor und Klimakondensator, insbesondere bei niedriger Fahrgeschwindigkeit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan",
        "fan_relay",
        "fan_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fan_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay failed",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fan_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor failed",
            "de": "Lüftermotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0480",
        "P0481"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0483",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling Fan Rationality Check",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter Plausibilitätsprüfung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the cooling fan response does not match command. Either the fan rotates without command, fails to rotate when commanded or its current draw is implausible.",
        "de": "Die Steuerung erkennt, dass die Reaktion des Kühlerlüfters nicht zur Vorgabe passt. Entweder dreht der Lüfter ohne Anforderung, dreht trotz Anforderung nicht oder die Stromaufnahme ist unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan",
        "cooling_fan_relay",
        "cooling_fan_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_fan_motor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized or worn",
            "de": "Lüftermotor festgefahren oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_fan_relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay defective",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0480",
        "P0481",
        "P0482",
        "P0484",
        "P0485"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0484",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling Fan Current Too High",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter Stromaufnahme zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current draw of the cooling fan exceeds the permitted maximum. Caused by a seized or worn fan motor or wiring shorted to ground at high load.",
        "de": "Die Stromaufnahme des Kühlerlüfters überschreitet den zulässigen Höchstwert. Ursache ist meist ein festgefahrener oder verschlissener Lüftermotor oder ein Lastmasseschluss in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan",
        "cooling_fan_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_fan_motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized",
            "de": "Lüftermotor festgefahren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring short under load",
            "de": "Verkabelungsschluss unter Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fan_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan module fault",
            "de": "Lüftersteuermodul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0480",
        "P0483",
        "P0485"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0485",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling Fan Power/Ground Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter Versorgungs- oder Massekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected in the supply or ground path of the cooling fan circuit. Voltage drops or open ground prevent reliable fan operation.",
        "de": "Im Versorgungs- oder Massepfad des Kühlerlüfterkreises wird ein Fehler erkannt. Spannungsabfall oder offene Masse verhindern den zuverlässigen Lüfterbetrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan",
        "cooling_fan_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground connection open or corroded",
            "de": "Masseverbindung offen oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "power_supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply circuit fault",
            "de": "Fehler in der Spannungsversorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_damaged",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector damaged",
            "de": "Stecker beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0480",
        "P0483",
        "P0484"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0486",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on EGR sensor B — second EGR sensor on dual-loop or HP/LP EGR systems.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AGR-Sensor B — zweiter AGR-Sensor bei Dual-Loop- oder HD-/ND-AGR-Systemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_b_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0487",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Throttle Control Circuit A/Open",
        "de": "AGR-Drosselklappensteuerkreis A/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of EGR throttle A is open. EGR throttles partially close intake to increase exhaust gas recirculation flow at low loads.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis der AGR-Drosselklappe A ist offen. AGR-Drosselklappen schliessen den Ansaugtrakt teilweise, um die Abgasrückführrate bei niedriger Last zu erhöhen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_throttle_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_throttle_a_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator winding open",
            "de": "Aktuatorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0488",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Throttle Control Circuit A Range/Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Drosselklappensteuerkreis A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR throttle A is electrically OK but does not move as commanded.",
        "de": "AGR-Drosselklappe A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, bewegt sich aber nicht wie befohlen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_throttle_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_throttle_a_carbon",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup",
            "de": "Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0487"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0489",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR A drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "AGR-A-Treiberleitung niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P048A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Exhaust pressure control valve A is mechanically stuck closed — backpressure runs away, can stall the engine.",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A hängt mechanisch geschlossen — Gegendruck steigt unkontrolliert, kann Motor abwürgen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup holds valve closed",
            "de": "Verkokung hält Ventil geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0475"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P048B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Position Sensor/Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A Positionssensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the position sensor of exhaust pressure control valve A.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Positionssensor des Abgasdruckregelventils A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_pos_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P048C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Positionssensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_pos_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P048B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P048D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A Positionssensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Positionssensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_pos_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P048B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P048E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Position Sensor/Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A Positionssensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Positionssensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_pos_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P048B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P048F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregelventil A Positionssensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Positionssensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exh_press_valve_a_pos_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P048B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0490",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR A drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "AGR-A-Treiberleitung hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_a_control_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0489"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0491",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Insufficient Flow (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem unzureichender Durchfluss (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AIR system flow on bank 1 is below threshold during the cold-start self-test — typically a clogged check valve, leaking hose, or weak air pump.",
        "de": "Der Sekundärluft-Durchfluss an Bank 1 liegt beim Kaltstart-Selbsttest unter Schwellwert — meist verstopftes Rückschlagventil, undichter Schlauch oder schwache Luftpumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_pump",
        "secondary_air_check_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_b1_check_valve_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Check valve clogged with carbon",
            "de": "Rückschlagventil mit Russ verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_b1_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pump weak",
            "de": "Luftpumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0492",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Insufficient Flow (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem unzureichender Durchfluss (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AIR system flow on bank 2 is below threshold during the cold-start self-test — typically a clogged check valve, leaking hose, or weak air pump.",
        "de": "Der Sekundärluft-Durchfluss an Bank 2 liegt beim Kaltstart-Selbsttest unter Schwellwert — meist verstopftes Rückschlagventil, undichter Schlauch oder schwache Luftpumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_pump",
        "secondary_air_check_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_b2_check_valve_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Check valve clogged",
            "de": "Rückschlagventil verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0491"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0493",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan Overspeed",
        "de": "Lüfter - Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cooling fan is rotating faster than the commanded speed. The control unit measures the fan tachometer feedback against the requested duty cycle and finds it well above the expected band - typically a stuck-open relay, a shorted PWM line driving the fan to full power, or a feedback line that misreports speed.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter dreht schneller als vom Steuergerät gefordert. Das Steuergerät vergleicht das Drehzahlsignal mit dem Sollwert und stellt fest, dass es deutlich darüber liegt - typisch sind ein hängendes Relais, eine kurzgeschlossene PWM-Leitung, die den Lüfter dauerhaft auf Volllast fährt, oder eine fehlerhafte Tachorückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan",
        "fan_relay",
        "fan_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay welded closed - fan runs uncontrolled",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais verschweißt - Lüfter läuft unkontrolliert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pwm_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "PWM line shorted to supply",
            "de": "PWM-Leitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_offset",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tachometer feedback miscalibrated",
            "de": "Drehzahlrückmeldung falsch kalibriert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0494",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 1 Underspeed",
        "de": "Lüfter 1 - Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 1 is rotating slower than commanded. The ECU sees the tachometer feedback below the expected window for the requested duty cycle - usually a worn fan motor, a high-resistance harness or feed, or a partially seized impeller.",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter 1 dreht langsamer als gefordert. Das Steuergerät erkennt eine zu niedrige Drehzahlrückmeldung für den angeforderten Tastgrad - meist verschlissener Lüftermotor, hochohmige Verkabelung oder ein leicht festsitzendes Lüfterrad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_1",
        "fan_motor_1",
        "fan_speed_sensor_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan 1 motor worn or brushes degraded",
            "de": "Lüftermotor 1 verschlissen oder Bürsten am Ende"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High contact resistance in feed",
            "de": "Erhöhter Übergangswiderstand in der Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "impeller_seized",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan impeller seized or blocked",
            "de": "Lüfterrad fest oder blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0495",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 1 Overspeed",
        "de": "Lüfter 1 - Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cooling fan is rotating faster than the commanded speed. The control unit measures the fan tachometer feedback against the requested duty cycle and finds it well above the expected band - typically a stuck-open relay, a shorted PWM line driving the fan to full power, or a feedback line that misreports speed.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter dreht schneller als vom Steuergerät gefordert. Das Steuergerät vergleicht das Drehzahlsignal mit dem Sollwert und stellt fest, dass es deutlich darüber liegt - typisch sind ein hängendes Relais, eine kurzgeschlossene PWM-Leitung, die den Lüfter dauerhaft auf Volllast fährt, oder eine fehlerhafte Tachorückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_1",
        "fan_relay_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan 1 relay welded closed",
            "de": "Lüfter-1-Relais verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pwm_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "PWM line shorted to supply",
            "de": "PWM-Leitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0496",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Evaporative Emission System High Purge Flow",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungs-System hoher Spülstrom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected EVAP purge flow during a non-purge condition, or higher than commanded purge flow. Typical causes are a stuck-open purge valve or a damaged vent system that draws unmetered air.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen EVAP-Spülstrom, obwohl keine Spülung angefordert ist, oder einen höheren Strom als angefordert. Typische Ursachen — offen hängendes Spülventil oder beschädigtes Belüftungssystem mit Falschluft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve",
        "evap_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve stuck open",
            "de": "Spülventil offen hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_line_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVAP line cracked or disconnected",
            "de": "EVAP-Leitung gerissen oder abgezogen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0497",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Low Purge Flow",
        "de": "EVAP-System - geringer Spülstrom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The evaporative emissions system measures purge flow either via a dedicated purge flow sensor or via short-term fuel trim response when the purge valve opens. The flow is significantly lower than expected for the commanded purge rate - typically a clogged purge line, a stuck purge valve, or a leaking vapor canister vent.",
        "de": "Das Tankentlüftungssystem misst den Spülstrom entweder über einen Spülstromsensor oder über die Kurzzeit-Kraftstoffanpassung beim Öffnen des Spülventils. Der Strom liegt deutlich unter dem erwarteten Wert - meist verstopfte Spülleitung, hängendes Spülventil oder undichte Aktivkohlefilter-Belüftung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve",
        "evap_purge_line",
        "vapor_canister"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve sticking partially closed",
            "de": "Spülventil hängt teilweise geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "line_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge line restricted by debris or kinks",
            "de": "Spülleitung verstopft oder geknickt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0498",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Vent Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "EVAP-System Belüftungsventil Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vent valve closes the EVAP canister to atmosphere during leak tests. The control line for that valve is shorted to ground - the ECU drives the valve and measures voltage below the expected level, indicating either a harness short or an internal solenoid short.",
        "de": "Das Belüftungsventil schließt den EVAP-Filter während der Leckprüfung gegen die Umgebung ab. Die Steuerleitung dieses Ventils ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen - das Steuergerät steuert das Ventil an und misst eine zu niedrige Spannung; entweder Kurzschluss im Kabelbaum oder im Magneten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve",
        "evap_vent_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vent solenoid internally shorted",
            "de": "Belüftungsmagnet innen kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0499",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Vent Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "EVAP-System Belüftungsventil Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0498 with the control line open or shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P0498, mit unterbrochener Steuerleitung oder Kurzschluss gegen die Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve",
        "evap_vent_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line open",
            "de": "Steuerleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P049A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR B Flow",
        "de": "AGR B - Durchfluss"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust-gas recirculation system has a second EGR loop (B) - typically used on engines with a dedicated low-pressure EGR for emissions or on twin-bank V engines. The ECU detects an EGR B flow fault - the measured or modelled flow does not match the requested rate, without yet diagnosing it as too low or too high.",
        "de": "Das Abgasrückführungssystem verfügt über einen zweiten AGR-Kreis (B) - meist für eine separate Niederdruck-AGR oder bei V-Motoren bankweise. Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Durchflussfehler an der AGR B - der gemessene oder modellierte Volumenstrom passt nicht zur angeforderten Rate, ohne dass schon eine zu hohe oder zu niedrige Rate diagnostiziert wäre."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_b",
        "egr_cooler_b",
        "egr_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve B sticking due to soot",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil B durch Russ verklebt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR cooler B partially clogged",
            "de": "AGR-Kühler B teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Flow or position sensor drift",
            "de": "Drift im Durchfluss- oder Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P049B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR B Flow Insufficient Detected",
        "de": "AGR B - zu geringer Durchfluss erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P049A but specifically with measured flow below the required rate - typically EGR valve sticking closed or cooler heavily clogged.",
        "de": "Wie P049A, mit messbar zu geringem Volumenstrom - meist AGR-Ventil B hängt zu, AGR-Kühler stark verstopft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_b",
        "egr_cooler_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve B sticking closed",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil B hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_clogged_heavy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR cooler B heavily clogged with soot",
            "de": "AGR-Kühler B stark mit Russ verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P049C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR B Flow Excessive Detected",
        "de": "AGR B - zu hoher Durchfluss erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P049A but with measured flow above the required rate - typically EGR valve sticking open or position sensor offset low.",
        "de": "Wie P049A, mit messbar zu hohem Volumenstrom - meist AGR-Ventil B hängt offen oder Positionssensor liefert Offset nach unten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_b",
        "egr_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve B sticking open",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil B hängt offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "position_offset_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor reads low",
            "de": "Positionssensor liest zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P049D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR A Control Position Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "AGR A - Stellposition über Lerngrenze"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously learns offsets for the EGR A actuator to compensate for soot buildup and ageing. The learned correction has reached its software-side maximum (or minimum) and cannot trim further - the underlying mechanical drift exceeds the design margin.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät lernt die Stellposition der AGR A laufend nach, um Russansatz und Alterung auszugleichen. Der Lernwert hat seine Software-Grenze erreicht und lässt sich nicht weiter verschieben - die mechanische Drift ist grösser als die Auslegung erlaubt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_a",
        "egr_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_carbon_build",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heavy carbon deposits on EGR A seat",
            "de": "Starker Russansatz am Sitz der AGR A"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator gearing worn",
            "de": "Stellgetriebe verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P049E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR B Control Position Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "AGR B - Stellposition über Lerngrenze"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously learns offsets for the EGR A actuator to compensate for soot buildup and ageing. The learned correction has reached its software-side maximum (or minimum) and cannot trim further - the underlying mechanical drift exceeds the design margin.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät lernt die Stellposition der AGR A laufend nach, um Russansatz und Alterung auszugleichen. Der Lernwert hat seine Software-Grenze erreicht und lässt sich nicht weiter verschieben - die mechanische Drift ist grösser als die Auslegung erlaubt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_b",
        "egr_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_carbon_build",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heavy carbon deposits on EGR B seat",
            "de": "Starker Russansatz am Sitz der AGR B"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator gearing worn",
            "de": "Stellgetriebe verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P049F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the second exhaust pressure control valve (B) - used for example on dual exhaust brakes, twin-bank diesels with separate back-pressure flaps, or for DPF regeneration backpressure assist on the second bank. The ECU loses control of this stage.",
        "de": "An dem zweiten Abgasdruck-Regelventil (B) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - es kommt zum Beispiel bei doppelten Auspuffbremsen, bankweise getrennten Stauklappen oder zur DPF-Regenerationsunterstützung der zweiten Bank zum Einsatz. Diese Stufe ist nicht mehr ansteuerbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_valve_b",
        "exhaust_pressure_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in harness or actuator winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum oder Wicklung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded by exhaust heat or moisture",
            "de": "Stecker durch Abgashitze oder Feuchtigkeit korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Range or Performance",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P049F with feedback in plausible range yet not matching the engine model - actuator slow, slipping or position sensor offset.",
        "de": "Wie P049F, mit Rückmeldung im plausiblen Bereich, aber unstimmig zum Motor-Modell - Stellglied träge, rutscht oder Positionssensor mit Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_valve_b",
        "exhaust_pressure_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator slow due to soot",
            "de": "Stellglied träge durch Russ"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "gearing_slip",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gearing slipping",
            "de": "Stellgetriebe rutscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Low",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P049F with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P049F, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B High",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P049F with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P049F, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Intermittent",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P049F with intermittent or erratic feedback - typically a connector or harness fault.",
        "de": "Wie P049F, mit aussetzender oder erratischer Rückmeldung - meist Stecker- oder Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_valve_b",
        "exhaust_pressure_wiring_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector or terminal",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt an Stecker oder Terminal"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Stuck Open",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B - hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust pressure control valve B is mechanically stuck in the open position. The ECU commands closing for back-pressure assist or exhaust braking, but the position feedback shows it remains open - typically heavy soot, broken linkage, or a sticky valve shaft.",
        "de": "Das Abgasdruck-Regelventil B sitzt mechanisch in geöffneter Position fest. Das Steuergerät fordert Schliessen für Auspuffbremsung oder Staudruckunterstützung an, aber die Lagerückmeldung zeigt, dass es offen bleibt - typisch sind starker Russansatz, gebrochene Mechanik oder ein klemmender Ventilschaft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open due to soot or broken linkage",
            "de": "Ventil offen blockiert durch Russ oder gebrochene Mechanik"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B - hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04A4 but the valve B is stuck closed - back-pressure stays high even when the engine should run with low restriction; risk of overheating or excessive fuel consumption.",
        "de": "Wie P04A4, das Ventil B geschlossen - der Staudruck bleibt hoch, auch wenn der Motor frei laufen sollte; Risiko von Überhitzung oder erhöhtem Verbrauch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed due to soot or broken linkage",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen blockiert durch Russ oder gebrochene Mechanik"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B Lagesensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault is detected on the position sensor of exhaust pressure control valve B. Without valid position feedback the ECU cannot run closed-loop control of the valve and falls back to a default substitute.",
        "de": "An dem Lagesensor des Abgasdruck-Regelventils B liegt ein Stromkreisfehler vor. Ohne gültige Lagerückmeldung kann das Steuergerät das Ventil nicht im Regelkreis betreiben und greift auf einen Ersatzwert zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal, supply or ground",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Signal, Versorgung oder Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Position Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B Lagesensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04A6 with the signal in plausible range but not matching the actual valve angle.",
        "de": "Wie P04A6, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum tatsächlichen Ventilwinkel passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted or offset",
            "de": "Sensorelement mit Drift oder Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B Lagesensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04A6 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04A6, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B Lagesensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04A6 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04A6, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Regelventil B Lagesensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04A6 with intermittent or erratic feedback - typically a connector or harness fault.",
        "de": "Wie P04A6, mit aussetzender oder erratischer Rückmeldung - meist Stecker- oder Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_position_sensor_b",
        "exhaust_pressure_wiring_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Control Valve B Circuit Open",
        "de": "EVAP-System Spülventil B Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second EVAP purge control valve (B) - used on systems with a divided purge path or on twin-bank engines - shows an open control circuit. The ECU cannot drive the valve, so vapor cannot be purged through this stage; tank pressure may rise and emissions diagnostics fail.",
        "de": "Das zweite Spülventil des EVAP-Systems (B) - bei geteilten Spülwegen oder Doppelbank-Motoren - meldet eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis. Das Steuergerät kann das Ventil nicht ansteuern; Tankdämpfe können nicht über diese Stufe abgeführt werden, der Tankdruck kann steigen und Emissionsdiagnosen schlagen fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve_b",
        "evap_purge_wiring_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in harness or connector",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum oder Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Control Valve B Circuit Low",
        "de": "EVAP-System Spülventil B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04AB with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P04AB, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Control Valve B Circuit High",
        "de": "EVAP-System Spülventil B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04AB with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P04AB, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Control Valve B Performance Stuck Open",
        "de": "EVAP-System Spülventil B - Funktion - hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP purge valve B is mechanically stuck open or its feedback indicates flow even when commanded closed - vapor flows uncontrolled into the intake, disturbing fuel trim and idle quality.",
        "de": "Das EVAP-Spülventil B sitzt mechanisch offen fest oder zeigt selbst bei \"Geschlossen\"-Befehl noch Durchfluss - Tankdämpfe strömen unkontrolliert in den Saugtrakt und stören Gemischanpassung und Leerlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seat_debris",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Debris on valve seat prevents full closing",
            "de": "Schmutz auf dem Ventilsitz verhindert sauberes Schließen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return spring weakened",
            "de": "Rückstellfeder erlahmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Control Valve B Stuck Closed",
        "de": "EVAP-System Spülventil B - hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04AE but the valve B is stuck closed - no vapor purge possible through this stage, leading to elevated tank pressure and possible canister saturation.",
        "de": "Wie P04AE, das Ventil B geschlossen - keine Spülung über diese Stufe möglich, der Tankdruck steigt und der Aktivkohlefilter kann übersättigt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil bleibt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Refueling Vapor Control Valve Circuit Open",
        "de": "Betankungs-Dampfregelventil Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The refueling vapor control valve - typically part of the ORVR or capless fueling system - has an open control circuit. The valve directs fuel vapor from the tank into the canister during refueling and must open when the fuel filler is opened. Without it, vapor escapes during refueling and the system fails leak diagnostics.",
        "de": "Das Betankungs-Dampfregelventil - meist Teil des ORVR- oder eines Tankdeckel-losen Tankstutzens - hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis. Dieses Ventil leitet beim Tanken Kraftstoffdämpfe in den Aktivkohlefilter und muss beim Öffnen des Einfüllstutzens öffnen. Ohne ihn entweichen Dämpfe beim Tanken und die Leckdiagnose schlägt fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "refueling_vapor_valve",
        "vapor_canister",
        "fuel_filler_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in harness or solenoid winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum oder Magnetwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Refueling Vapor Control Valve Circuit Low",
        "de": "Betankungs-Dampfregelventil Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04B0 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P04B0, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "refueling_vapor_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Refueling Vapor Control Valve Circuit High",
        "de": "Betankungs-Dampfregelventil Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04B0 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P04B0, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "refueling_vapor_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Refueling Vapor Control Valve Performance Stuck Open",
        "de": "Betankungs-Dampfregelventil - Funktion - hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The refueling vapor control valve is stuck open. Vapor pathways meant to be closed except during refueling stay permanently open, distorting EVAP leak diagnostics and allowing vapor flow even with the fuel cap closed.",
        "de": "Das Betankungs-Dampfregelventil hängt in offener Position. Dampfwege, die nur während des Tankens offen sein sollen, bleiben dauerhaft geöffnet - dadurch werden EVAP-Leckdiagnosen verfälscht und Dampfstrom auch bei geschlossenem Tankdeckel möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "refueling_vapor_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open due to debris or weak spring",
            "de": "Ventil offen blockiert durch Schmutz oder schwache Feder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Refueling Vapor Control Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Betankungs-Dampfregelventil - hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04B3 with the valve stuck closed - vapor cannot reach the canister during refueling, vapor escape from the filler is possible.",
        "de": "Wie P04B3, mit Ventil in geschlossener Position blockiert - während der Betankung gelangen die Dämpfe nicht in den Aktivkohlefilter, ein Austritt am Einfüllstutzen ist möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "refueling_vapor_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed due to seal or debris",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen blockiert durch Dichtung oder Schmutz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Stuck Open",
        "de": "Tankklappe - hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On vehicles with a motorised fuel fill door (no manual lever) the actuator and position switch report that the door is mechanically stuck open. The motor cannot retract it, typically due to a frozen or dirty hinge, broken cable, or jammed actuator.",
        "de": "Bei Fahrzeugen mit motorisierter Tankklappe (ohne Handhebel) melden Stellmotor und Positionsschalter, dass die Klappe mechanisch in offener Position fest sitzt. Der Motor kann sie nicht zurückziehen - typisch sind ein vereistes oder verschmutztes Scharnier, ein gerissenes Seil oder ein blockiertes Stellglied."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door",
        "fuel_fill_door_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hinge_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hinge jammed by ice, dirt or debris",
            "de": "Scharnier durch Eis, Schmutz oder Fremdkörper blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator linkage or motor broken",
            "de": "Stellgestänge oder Stellmotor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Tankklappe - hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04B5 with the door stuck closed - the user cannot refuel until the fault is cleared.",
        "de": "Wie P04B5, mit der Klappe in geschlossener Position blockiert - eine Betankung ist erst nach Behebung möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door",
        "fuel_fill_door_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "latch_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Latch jammed or actuator stalled",
            "de": "Verriegelung blockiert oder Stellmotor blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Tankklappe Lagesensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor or switch on the fuel fill door reports an intermittent signal - opens and closes randomly without matching the actual door position. Typically a connector or chafed harness fault.",
        "de": "Der Lagesensor oder Schalter an der Tankklappe meldet ein aussetzendes Signal - öffnet und schliesst zufällig, ohne zur tatsächlichen Klappenstellung zu passen. Meist Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_position_sensor",
        "fuel_fill_door_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Tankklappe Lagesensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the fuel fill door position sensor or switch - the ECU cannot determine whether the door is open or closed. Usually an open in supply, signal or ground.",
        "de": "An dem Lagesensor oder Schalter der Tankklappe liegt ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler vor - das Steuergerät kann nicht ermitteln, ob die Klappe offen oder geschlossen ist. Meist Unterbrechung in Versorgung, Signal oder Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor circuit",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im Sensorkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tankklappe Lagesensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04B8 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04B8, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Tankklappe Lagesensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04B8 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04B8, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Lock Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Tankklappenverriegelung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel fill door has a powered lock that secures it against tampering and against opening at high speed. The lock control line is open - the ECU cannot drive the lock solenoid, leaving it in its mechanical default state.",
        "de": "Die Tankklappe ist mit einer elektrischen Verriegelung gesichert, die Manipulation und Öffnen bei hoher Geschwindigkeit verhindert. Die Steuerleitung der Verriegelung ist unterbrochen - das Steuergerät kann den Verriegelungsmagneten nicht ansteuern, der mechanische Grundzustand bleibt aktiv."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in harness or actuator winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum oder Wicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Lock Control Range or Performance",
        "de": "Tankklappenverriegelung - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel fill door lock does not respond as commanded - lock or unlock requests do not match the position feedback within the expected time.",
        "de": "Die Verriegelung reagiert nicht wie befohlen - Lock- oder Unlock-Befehle stimmen nicht innerhalb der vorgesehenen Zeit mit der Lagerückmeldung überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_actuator",
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator slow or worn",
            "de": "Stellglied träge oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_binding",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage binding due to dirt or ice",
            "de": "Mechanik durch Schmutz oder Eis schwergängig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Lock Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tankklappenverriegelung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04BB with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P04BB, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Lock Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Tankklappenverriegelung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04BB with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P04BB, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Unlock Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Entriegelung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel fill door has a powered lock that secures it against tampering and against opening at high speed. The lock control line is open - the ECU cannot drive the lock solenoid, leaving it in its mechanical default state.",
        "de": "Die Tankklappe ist mit einer elektrischen Verriegelung gesichert, die Manipulation und Öffnen bei hoher Geschwindigkeit verhindert. Die Steuerleitung der Verriegelung ist unterbrochen - das Steuergerät kann den Verriegelungsmagneten nicht ansteuern, der mechanische Grundzustand bleibt aktiv."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_unlock_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in harness or actuator winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum oder Wicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Unlock Control Range or Performance",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Entriegelung - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel fill door lock does not respond as commanded - lock or unlock requests do not match the position feedback within the expected time.",
        "de": "Die Verriegelung reagiert nicht wie befohlen - Lock- oder Unlock-Befehle stimmen nicht innerhalb der vorgesehenen Zeit mit der Lagerückmeldung überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_unlock_actuator",
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator slow or worn",
            "de": "Stellglied träge oder verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Unlock Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Entriegelung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04BD on the unlock side.",
        "de": "Wie P04BD, auf der Entriegelungsseite."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_unlock_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Unlock Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Entriegelung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04BE on the unlock side.",
        "de": "Wie P04BE, auf der Entriegelungsseite."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_unlock_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Lock Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Verriegelung Lagesensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the fuel fill door lock position sensor or switch. Without it the ECU cannot determine whether the lock has actually engaged or released.",
        "de": "An dem Lagesensor oder Schalter der Tankklappenverriegelung wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Ohne ihn kann das Steuergerät nicht prüfen, ob die Verriegelung tatsächlich gegriffen oder gelöst hat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor circuit",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im Sensorkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Lock Position Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Verriegelung Lagesensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04C3 with feedback in plausible range yet not matching the commanded lock state.",
        "de": "Wie P04C3, mit Rückmeldung im plausiblen Bereich, die aber nicht zum befohlenen Verriegelungszustand passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal offset",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Lock Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Verriegelung Lagesensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04C3 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04C3, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Lock Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Verriegelung Lagesensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04C3 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04C3, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Lock Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Verriegelung Lagesensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04C3 with intermittent feedback.",
        "de": "Wie P04C3, mit aussetzender Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_lock_position_sensor",
        "fuel_fill_door_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Open Request Sensor or Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Öffnungsanforderung Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the open-request input - the button or switch the driver presses to release the fuel fill door. The ECU loses the request signal, so motorised release becomes unavailable.",
        "de": "An dem Eingang für die Öffnungsanforderung der Tankklappe wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - das ist der Taster oder Schalter, mit dem der Fahrer die Tankklappe entriegelt. Das Steuergerät verliert das Anforderungssignal; eine motorische Entriegelung ist nicht mehr möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_request_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch circuit",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im Schalterkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Open Request Performance Stuck Off",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Öffnungsanforderung - Funktion - hängt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The open-request switch never registers an active state - either the contact stays open mechanically or the wiring is permanently broken. The driver cannot trigger door release.",
        "de": "Der Anforderungs-Schalter meldet nie einen aktiven Zustand - entweder bleibt der Kontakt mechanisch offen oder die Leitung ist dauerhaft unterbrochen. Eine Fahreranforderung zur Türentriegelung kommt nicht durch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_request_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact stuck open",
            "de": "Schalterkontakt bleibt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Open Request Sensor or Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Öffnungsanforderung Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04C8 with the signal voltage shorted to ground or constantly low.",
        "de": "Wie P04C8, mit Signalspannung gegen Masse oder dauerhaft niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_request_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Open Request Sensor or Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Öffnungsanforderung Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04C8 with the signal voltage shorted to supply or constantly high.",
        "de": "Wie P04C8, mit Signalspannung gegen die Versorgung oder dauerhaft hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_request_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Open Request Sensor or Switch Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Öffnungsanforderung Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04C8 with intermittent or erratic signal - typically a connector or harness fault.",
        "de": "Wie P04C8, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal - meist Stecker- oder Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_request_switch",
        "fuel_fill_door_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Open Request Sensor or Switch Stuck On",
        "de": "Tankklappen-Öffnungsanforderung - hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The open-request switch is stuck in the active state - the ECU continuously reads a request to open the fuel fill door. Either the switch is mechanically held closed or the line is shorted to its active level.",
        "de": "Der Anforderungs-Schalter steckt im aktiven Zustand fest - das Steuergerät liest dauerhaft die Anforderung, die Tankklappe zu öffnen. Entweder ist der Schalter mechanisch eingedrückt oder die Leitung steht permanent auf aktivem Pegel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_request_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact mechanically stuck closed",
            "de": "Schalterkontakt mechanisch eingerastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the third EGR temperature sensor (C) - typically used on systems with multiple EGR loops or to monitor cooler outlet temperature on the secondary loop. The ECU falls back to a substitute value, EGR cooler diagnostics on this stage are limited.",
        "de": "An dem dritten AGR-Temperatursensor (C) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - meist bei Systemen mit mehreren AGR-Kreisen oder zur Überwachung der Kühlerausgangstemperatur des Sekundärkreises. Das Steuergerät greift auf einen Ersatzwert zurück; die AGR-Kühlerdiagnose dieser Stufe ist eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal, supply or ground",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Signal, Versorgung oder Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor C Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04CE with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model - typically sensor drift or a slow response after engine warm-up.",
        "de": "Wie P04CE, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt - meist Sensordrift oder zu träge Reaktion nach dem Warmlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04CE with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04CE, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04CE with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04CE, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor C Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04CE with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P04CE, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor_c",
        "egr_temperature_wiring_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Brake Input Circuit",
        "de": "Auspuffbremse Eingangskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust brake activation input - typically from a stalk lever, brake pedal switch, or vehicle bus message - shows a circuit fault. The ECU cannot accept a request to engage the exhaust brake, which limits engine braking on heavy vehicles.",
        "de": "Der Eingang für die Anforderung der Auspuffbremse - meist ein Hebel, ein Bremspedalschalter oder eine Bus-Botschaft - meldet einen Stromkreisfehler. Das Steuergerät kann keine Anforderung zur Aktivierung der Auspuffbremse mehr empfangen, was die Motorbremsung bei schweren Fahrzeugen einschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_brake_request_switch",
        "exhaust_brake_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch circuit",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im Schalterkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Brake Input Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Auspuffbremse Eingangskreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04D3 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching expected behaviour - e.g. activation request without driver input or no response after a request.",
        "de": "Wie P04D3, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum erwarteten Verhalten passt - etwa Anforderung ohne Fahrereingabe oder ausbleibende Reaktion auf eine Anforderung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_brake_request_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_implausible",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal implausible against driver action or bus",
            "de": "Signal passt nicht zu Fahrereingabe oder Busdaten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Brake Input Circuit Low",
        "de": "Auspuffbremse Eingangskreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04D3 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04D3, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_brake_request_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Brake Input Circuit High",
        "de": "Auspuffbremse Eingangskreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04D3 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04D3, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_brake_request_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Brake Input Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Auspuffbremse Eingangskreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04D3 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P04D3, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_brake_request_switch",
        "exhaust_brake_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time To Enter Closed Loop EGR Control",
        "de": "Übermässige Zeit bis zum Eintritt in die geschlossene AGR-Regelung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After cold start the ECU operates EGR open-loop until preconditions (cooler temperature, sensor warm-up, engine load) are met, then transitions into closed-loop control. The transition is taking too long - typically due to a slow EGR temperature sensor, a stuck EGR valve still warming up, or a long-trip drive cycle that does not meet load conditions.",
        "de": "Nach dem Kaltstart fährt das Steuergerät die AGR im Steuerbetrieb, bis Voraussetzungen (Kühlertemperatur, Sensor-Aufwärmen, Motorlast) erfüllt sind, danach geht es in die geschlossene Regelung. Dieser Übergang dauert zu lange - meist durch einen trägen AGR-Temperatursensor, ein noch nicht warmes AGR-Ventil oder einen Fahrzyklus ohne ausreichende Lastbedingungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_a",
        "egr_temperature_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "temp_sensor_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR temperature sensor responds slowly",
            "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor reagiert träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_trip_pattern",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short-trip operation - load conditions not met",
            "de": "Kurzstreckenbetrieb - Lastbedingungen nicht erfüllt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop EGR Control At Limit Flow Too Low",
        "de": "Geschlossene AGR-Regelung an der Grenze - Strom zu gering"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "With EGR running in closed loop the controller has driven the actuator to its maximum opening but cannot reach the required EGR flow. The valve, cooler, or pipework is restricted enough that even full open does not deliver the modelled rate.",
        "de": "Im geschlossenen Regelbetrieb steuert die Regelung das Stellglied bis zum maximalen Öffnungsgrad, erreicht aber nicht den geforderten AGR-Strom. Ventil, Kühler oder Leitung sind so eingeschränkt, dass selbst voll geöffnet die geforderte Rate nicht zustande kommt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_a",
        "egr_cooler_a",
        "egr_pipework"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooler_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR cooler clogged with soot",
            "de": "AGR-Kühler stark mit Russ verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_carbon_build",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve effective opening reduced by carbon",
            "de": "Effektiver Ventilquerschnitt durch Verkokung verkleinert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop EGR Control At Limit Flow Too High",
        "de": "Geschlossene AGR-Regelung an der Grenze - Strom zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04D9 with the controller fully closing the actuator yet still measuring more EGR flow than required. The valve does not seat fully, or position feedback under-reads.",
        "de": "Wie P04D9, fährt die Regelung das Stellglied vollständig zu und misst trotzdem mehr AGR-Strom als angefordert. Das Ventil schließt nicht sauber, oder die Lagerückmeldung liest zu wenig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_a",
        "egr_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seat_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve does not seat fully (debris or wear)",
            "de": "Ventil schließt nicht sauber (Schmutz oder Verschleiss)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "position_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor offset",
            "de": "Positionssensor mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Ventilation System Disconnected",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung abgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A pressure or flow sensor in the crankcase ventilation (PCV) circuit reports atmospheric conditions where it should see crankcase or intake vacuum - the hose between crankcase and intake is disconnected, cracked, or open. PCV no longer routes blow-by gases into the intake, increasing oil mist emissions and risking oil leaks.",
        "de": "Ein Druck- oder Strömungssensor im Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftungssystem (PCV) misst Umgebungsbedingungen, wo eigentlich Kurbelgehäuse- oder Saugrohrunterdruck herrschen müsste - der Schlauch zwischen Kurbelgehäuse und Saugrohr ist abgesteckt, gerissen oder offen. Die PCV leitet Blowby-Gase nicht mehr ins Saugrohr, was Ölnebel-Emissionen erhöht und Öllecks begünstigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_hose",
        "pcv_valve",
        "pcv_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hose_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PCV hose pulled off or split",
            "de": "PCV-Schlauch abgezogen oder gerissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_filler_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil filler cap missing or loose",
            "de": "Öldeckel fehlt oder ist locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fill Door Position Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Tankklappe Lagesensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04B8 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the actuator command - door reports closed when motor commanded open, or vice versa.",
        "de": "Wie P04B8, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zur Stellbefehl-Lage passt - Klappe meldet \"geschlossen\", wenn der Motor \"öffnen\" gefordert hat, oder umgekehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fill_door_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal offset against actual position",
            "de": "Sensorsignal weist Offset gegenüber tatsächlicher Lage auf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_tank"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start EGR A Flow Insufficient Detected",
        "de": "Kaltstart-AGR A - zu geringer Durchfluss erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During the cold-start strategy the ECU briefly opens EGR A to slow combustion temperatures and reduce engine-out NOx during catalyst light-off. The measured EGR flow stays below the calibrated target despite the requested opening - typically a stuck-closed valve, restricted cold-start path, or sensor offset that under-reports flow.",
        "de": "Während der Kaltstartstrategie öffnet das Steuergerät AGR A kurzzeitig, um die Verbrennungstemperaturen zu senken und Roh-NOx beim Katalysator-Aufheizen zu reduzieren. Der gemessene AGR-Strom bleibt trotz angeforderter Öffnung unter dem kalibrierten Ziel - meist hängt das Ventil zu, der Kaltstart-Pfad ist eingeschränkt, oder der Sensor zeigt zu wenig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_a",
        "egr_cold_start_path"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve A sticking closed when cold",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil A klemmt im kalten Zustand zu"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cold_path_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold-start EGR path restricted",
            "de": "Kaltstart-AGR-Pfad eingeschränkt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start EGR A Flow Excessive Detected",
        "de": "Kaltstart-AGR A - zu hoher Durchfluss erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04DD with EGR flow above the cold-start target - typically valve sticking open during the cold phase or position sensor offset low.",
        "de": "Wie P04DD, mit AGR-Strom über dem Kaltstart-Ziel - meist Ventil hängt im Kaltbetrieb offen oder Positionssensor mit Offset nach unten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_a",
        "egr_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve A sticking open when cold",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil A klemmt im kalten Zustand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Control Valve A Performance Stuck Open",
        "de": "EVAP-System Spülventil A - Funktion - hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP purge valve B is mechanically stuck open or its feedback indicates flow even when commanded closed - vapor flows uncontrolled into the intake, disturbing fuel trim and idle quality.",
        "de": "Das EVAP-Spülventil B sitzt mechanisch offen fest oder zeigt selbst bei \"Geschlossen\"-Befehl noch Durchfluss - Tankdämpfe strömen unkontrolliert in den Saugtrakt und stören Gemischanpassung und Leerlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seat_debris",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Debris on valve seat prevents full closing",
            "de": "Schmutz auf dem Ventilsitz verhindert sauberes Schließen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return spring weakened",
            "de": "Rückstellfeder erlahmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Control Valve A Stuck Closed",
        "de": "EVAP-System Spülventil A - hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04AF on EVAP purge valve A.",
        "de": "Wie P04AF an EVAP-Spülventil A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil bleibt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Ventilation Hose Connection Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung Schlauchverbindungssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A dedicated sensor monitors whether the PCV hose is fitted to its connector at the engine. The ECU detects a circuit fault on this sensor - cannot determine whether the hose is connected. Required by some emissions regulations to flag a disconnected PCV hose immediately.",
        "de": "Ein eigener Sensor überwacht, ob der PCV-Schlauch korrekt am Motoranschluss steckt. Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Stromkreisfehler an diesem Sensor und kann nicht feststellen, ob der Schlauch montiert ist. Manche Emissionsnormen verlangen eine sofortige Erkennung eines abgesteckten PCV-Schlauchs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_hose_connection_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor circuit",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im Sensorkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Ventilation Hose Connection Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung Schlauchverbindungssensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04E1 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04E1, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_hose_connection_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Ventilation Hose Connection Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung Schlauchverbindungssensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04E1 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P04E1, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_hose_connection_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Ventilation Hose Connection Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung Schlauchverbindungssensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04E1 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P04E1, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_hose_connection_sensor",
        "pcv_hose_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor D Circuit",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the third EGR temperature sensor (C) - typically used on systems with multiple EGR loops or to monitor cooler outlet temperature on the secondary loop. The ECU falls back to a substitute value, EGR cooler diagnostics on this stage are limited.",
        "de": "An dem dritten AGR-Temperatursensor (C) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - meist bei Systemen mit mehreren AGR-Kreisen oder zur Überwachung der Kühlerausgangstemperatur des Sekundärkreises. Das Steuergerät greift auf einen Ersatzwert zurück; die AGR-Kühlerdiagnose dieser Stufe ist eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal, supply or ground",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Signal, Versorgung oder Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor D Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04CF on EGR temperature sensor D.",
        "de": "Wie P04CF an AGR-Temperatursensor D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor D Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04D0 on EGR temperature sensor D.",
        "de": "Wie P04D0 an AGR-Temperatursensor D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor D Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04D1 on EGR temperature sensor D.",
        "de": "Wie P04D1 an AGR-Temperatursensor D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature Sensor D Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "AGR-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04D2 on EGR temperature sensor D.",
        "de": "Wie P04D2 an AGR-Temperatursensor D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor_d",
        "egr_temperature_wiring_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Small Leak Detected Fuel Tank Side",
        "de": "EVAP-System - kleines Leck auf Tankseite erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP leak diagnostic has detected a small leak on the fuel tank side of the system - typically a hose, gasket, fuel cap, or fuel sender flange that does not seal completely. Vapor escapes during pressure or vacuum tests.",
        "de": "Die EVAP-Leckdiagnose hat ein kleines Leck auf der Tankseite des Systems erkannt - meist Schlauch, Dichtung, Tankdeckel oder Tankgeber-Flansch, die nicht vollständig dichten. Während der Druck- oder Unterdruckprüfung entweichen Dämpfe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_tank",
        "fuel_cap",
        "fuel_sender_seal",
        "evap_hose_tank_side"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_cap",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel cap not sealing properly",
            "de": "Tankdeckel dichtet nicht sauber"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hose_porous",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vapor hose porous or cracked",
            "de": "Dampfschlauch porös oder gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          25,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Small Leak Detected Fresh Air Side",
        "de": "EVAP-System - kleines Leck auf Frischluftseite erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04EA but on the fresh-air side - the path between vent valve and atmosphere is not sealing completely during the active test phase.",
        "de": "Wie P04EA, auf der Frischluftseite - der Pfad zwischen Belüftungsventil und Atmosphäre dichtet während der aktiven Prüfphase nicht vollständig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve",
        "evap_canister",
        "evap_hose_fresh_air_side"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vent_valve_not_sealing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vent valve does not seal in test mode",
            "de": "Belüftungsventil dichtet im Prüfmodus nicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hose_porous",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hose porous or cracked",
            "de": "Schlauch porös oder gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Large Leak Detected Fuel Tank Side",
        "de": "EVAP-System - grosses Leck auf Tankseite erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04EA but the leak is large enough that the system cannot build the test pressure or vacuum at all - typically a missing fuel cap, an unseated hose or a torn vapor line on the tank side.",
        "de": "Wie P04EA, ist das Leck so gross, dass das System den Prüfdruck oder -unterdruck überhaupt nicht aufbauen kann - meist fehlender Tankdeckel, abgesteckter Schlauch oder gerissene Dampfleitung auf Tankseite."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cap",
        "evap_hose_tank_side"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cap_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel cap missing or not seated",
            "de": "Tankdeckel fehlt oder ist nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hose_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vapor hose pulled off or torn",
            "de": "Dampfschlauch abgezogen oder gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          25,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Large Leak Detected Fresh Air Side",
        "de": "EVAP-System - grosses Leck auf Frischluftseite erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04EB on the fresh-air side, but with a leak large enough to prevent test build-up.",
        "de": "Wie P04EB, auf der Frischluftseite, mit einem Leck, das den Prüfaufbau verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve",
        "evap_hose_fresh_air_side"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vent_valve_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vent valve stuck open",
            "de": "Belüftungsventil offen geblieben"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hose_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hose pulled off or torn",
            "de": "Schlauch abgezogen oder gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Very Small Leak Detected Fuel Tank Side",
        "de": "EVAP-System - sehr kleines Leck auf Tankseite erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04EA but at the most sensitive leak threshold - typically the OBD-II 0.020-inch (~0.5 mm) test. The system holds pressure for some time but loses it slower than the diagnostic limit allows; usually fuel cap O-ring fatigue or microcracks in a hose.",
        "de": "Wie P04EA an der empfindlichsten Leck-Schwelle - meist die OBD-II-0,020-Zoll-Prüfung (~0,5 mm). Das System hält den Druck eine Zeit lang, verliert ihn aber langsamer als die Diagnose erlaubt; meist gealterter O-Ring am Tankdeckel oder Mikrorisse in einem Schlauch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cap",
        "fuel_sender_seal",
        "evap_hose_tank_side"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cap_oring_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel cap O-ring aged or stiffened",
            "de": "O-Ring am Tankdeckel gealtert oder spröde"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          25,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Very Small Leak Detected Fresh Air Side",
        "de": "EVAP-System - sehr kleines Leck auf Frischluftseite erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04EE on the fresh-air side - microcrack in a hose or imperfect vent valve seal at the most sensitive test threshold.",
        "de": "Wie P04EE, auf der Frischluftseite - Mikroriss in einem Schlauch oder leichte Undichtigkeit am Belüftungsventil auf der empfindlichsten Prüfstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve",
        "evap_hose_fresh_air_side"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vent_seal_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vent valve seal aged",
            "de": "Dichtung des Belüftungsventils gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System High Load Purge Line A Performance",
        "de": "EVAP-System Hochlast-Spülleitung A - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On engines that have a separate high-load purge line - to use boost pressure to pull vapor on turbo applications - the ECU monitors flow when this path is commanded. The flow is below the expected level - the venturi, line, or check valve is restricted, or the line is incorrectly routed.",
        "de": "Bei Motoren mit separater Hochlast-Spülleitung - die bei aufgeladenen Motoren den Ladedruck zum Spülen nutzt - überwacht das Steuergerät den Volumenstrom dieses Pfades. Der Strom liegt unterhalb des Sollwerts - Venturi-Düse, Leitung oder Rückschlagventil sind verstopft oder die Leitung ist falsch verlegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_high_load_purge_line_a",
        "evap_purge_venturi",
        "evap_check_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Line, venturi or check valve restricted",
            "de": "Leitung, Venturi-Düse oder Rückschlagventil verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Line Performance",
        "de": "EVAP-System Spülleitung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general performance fault on the EVAP purge line - flow does not match the requested rate, without specifying which segment. Usually a partially blocked line, a stuck purge valve, or a leak that decouples flow from valve commands.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Funktionsfehler an der EVAP-Spülleitung - der Strom passt nicht zur Anforderung, ohne dass das Steuergerät einen konkreten Abschnitt benennt. Meist teilweise blockierte Leitung, hängendes Spülventil oder Leck, das Strom und Ventilbefehl entkoppelt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_line",
        "evap_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_partial_block",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge line partially blocked",
            "de": "Spülleitung teilweise blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve responds slowly",
            "de": "Spülventil reagiert träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Supply Voltage Bank 1",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Versorgungsspannung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric catalyst heater on bank 1 - used on hybrids and modern petrol cars to bring the catalyst above light-off temperature within seconds of cold start - reports that its supply voltage is outside the expected window. The heater cannot deliver the rated power, so cold-start emissions rise until the catalyst reaches light-off conventionally.",
        "de": "Die elektrische Katalysator-Heizung an Bank 1 - bei Hybriden und modernen Benzinern dafür da, den Katalysator wenige Sekunden nach Kaltstart auf Anspringtemperatur zu bringen - meldet, dass ihre Versorgungsspannung außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs liegt. Die Heizung kann ihre Nennleistung nicht abgeben, was die Kaltstart-Emissionen erhöht, bis der Katalysator auf konventionellem Weg anspringt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_catalyst_heater_b1",
        "high_voltage_supply",
        "dc_dc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater supply voltage low or unstable",
            "de": "Heizungsversorgung niedrig oder instabil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dcdc_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "DC/DC converter fault on heater rail",
            "de": "Fehler im DC/DC-Wandler auf der Heizungsschiene"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_resistance",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "High contact resistance in supply",
            "de": "Erhöhter Übergangswiderstand in der Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Supply Voltage Bank 2",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Versorgungsspannung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric catalyst heater on bank 2 - used on hybrids and modern petrol cars to bring the catalyst above light-off temperature within seconds of cold start - reports that its supply voltage is outside the expected window. The heater cannot deliver the rated power, so cold-start emissions rise until the catalyst reaches light-off conventionally.",
        "de": "Die elektrische Katalysator-Heizung an Bank 2 - bei Hybriden und modernen Benzinern dafür da, den Katalysator wenige Sekunden nach Kaltstart auf Anspringtemperatur zu bringen - meldet, dass ihre Versorgungsspannung außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs liegt. Die Heizung kann ihre Nennleistung nicht abgeben, was die Kaltstart-Emissionen erhöht, bis der Katalysator auf konventionellem Weg anspringt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_catalyst_heater_b2",
        "high_voltage_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater supply voltage low or unstable",
            "de": "Heizungsversorgung niedrig oder instabil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dcdc_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "DC/DC converter fault on heater rail",
            "de": "Fehler im DC/DC-Wandler auf der Heizungsschiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control or supply line to the electric catalyst heater on bank 1 is shorted to ground or measures below the expected voltage when the heater is commanded on.",
        "de": "Die Steuer- oder Versorgungsleitung der elektrischen Katalysator-Heizung an Bank 1 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder zeigt bei aktivierter Heizung eine zu niedrige Spannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_catalyst_heater_b1",
        "catalyst_heater_wiring_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element internally shorted",
            "de": "Heizelement intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control or supply line to the electric catalyst heater on bank 2 is shorted to ground or measures below the expected voltage when the heater is commanded on.",
        "de": "Die Steuer- oder Versorgungsleitung der elektrischen Katalysator-Heizung an Bank 2 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder zeigt bei aktivierter Heizung eine zu niedrige Spannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_catalyst_heater_b2",
        "catalyst_heater_wiring_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element internally shorted",
            "de": "Heizelement intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Stromkreis - hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04F4 with the line shorted to supply or open - the ECU measures higher voltage than the commanded duty cycle allows.",
        "de": "Wie P04F4, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen oder unterbrochen - das Steuergerät misst eine höhere Spannung, als das angeforderte Tastverhältnis zulässt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_catalyst_heater_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater element or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Heizelement oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Stromkreis - hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04F6 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P04F6 an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_catalyst_heater_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Circuit Intermittent Bank 1",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04F4 with intermittent or erratic signal - typically a connector or harness fault on the heater feed.",
        "de": "Wie P04F4, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal - meist Stecker- oder Kabelbaumfehler in der Heizungs-Zuleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_catalyst_heater_b1",
        "catalyst_heater_wiring_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Circuit Intermittent Bank 2",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P04F8 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P04F8 an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_catalyst_heater_b2",
        "catalyst_heater_wiring_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR A Control Temperature Too High",
        "de": "AGR A Steuertemperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU monitors the operating temperature of the EGR A actuator (or its control electronics). The reading has exceeded the safe upper threshold and the control unit derates or disables EGR A to protect the actuator from thermal damage.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät überwacht die Betriebstemperatur des AGR-A-Stellglieds (oder seiner Steuerelektronik). Der Wert hat die obere sichere Grenze überschritten; das Steuergerät reduziert oder sperrt AGR A, um das Stellglied vor thermischen Schäden zu schützen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_actuator_a",
        "egr_cooling"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_overheated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator overheated due to nearby exhaust heat or duty-cycle stress",
            "de": "Stellglied überhitzt durch Abgasstrahlung oder Dauerbetrieb"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_insufficient",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling jacket or air flow insufficient",
            "de": "Kühlmantel oder Luftstrom unzureichend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Ventilation Hose Connection Sensor Range or Performance",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung Schlauchverbindungssensor - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sensor that monitors PCV hose connection reports a value within plausible range yet inconsistent with the engine model - signal does not switch when the hose is moved during diagnosis, or shows offset against actual hose state.",
        "de": "Der Sensor zur Überwachung der PCV-Schlauchverbindung liefert einen Wert im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt - das Signal schaltet bei einer Diagnose-Schlauchprobe nicht um oder hat Offset gegenüber dem tatsächlichen Verbindungszustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_hose_connection_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal offset",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Ventilation System Performance",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general performance fault of the crankcase ventilation system - PCV pressure or flow does not match the engine model. Possible causes are a clogged PCV valve, blocked separator, oil-filler cap with a damaged seal, or excessive blow-by from worn rings.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Funktionsfehler des Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungssystems - PCV-Druck oder -Strom passt nicht zum Motor-Modell. Mögliche Ursachen sind verstopftes PCV-Ventil, verschlossener Ölabscheider, defekter Öldeckel oder erhöhter Blowby durch verschlissene Kolbenringe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_valve",
        "oil_separator",
        "oil_filler_cap"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pcv_valve_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PCV valve clogged or stuck",
            "de": "PCV-Ventil verstopft oder hängt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "separator_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil separator clogged",
            "de": "Ölabscheider verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blow_by_high",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive blow-by from worn piston rings",
            "de": "Erhöhter Blowby durch verschlissene Kolbenringe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Actuator A Control Processor Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Stellglied A Steuerprozessor - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern smart EGR actuators contain their own microcontroller that handles position control internally and reports back over LIN or PWM. The ECU detects implausible behaviour from the actuator processor - missed messages, incorrect responses, or watchdog resets.",
        "de": "Moderne intelligente AGR-Stellglieder enthalten einen eigenen Mikrocontroller für die interne Lageregelung und melden über LIN oder PWM zurück. Das Steuergerät erkennt unplausibles Verhalten des Stellgliedprozessors - ausbleibende Botschaften, falsche Antworten oder Watchdog-Resets."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_actuator_a",
        "egr_lin_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator internal processor fault",
            "de": "Interner Prozessorfehler im Stellglied"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_communication_disturbed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "LIN bus communication disturbed",
            "de": "LIN-Bus-Kommunikation gestört"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Circuit Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Stromkreis - Funktion Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The catalyst heater on bank 1 is electrically intact but does not deliver the expected thermal effect - measured catalyst light-off time is longer than calibrated. Heater element ageing, increased contact resistance, or a partial winding failure are typical causes.",
        "de": "Die Katalysator-Heizung an Bank 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht die erwartete thermische Wirkung - die gemessene Katalysator-Anspringzeit ist länger als kalibriert. Ursachen sind Alterung des Heizelements, erhöhte Übergangswiderstände oder Teilwicklungsausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_catalyst_heater_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged - reduced power output",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert - reduzierte Leistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contact_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased contact resistance in supply",
            "de": "Erhöhter Übergangswiderstand in der Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P04FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Circuit Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizung Stromkreis - Funktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The catalyst heater on bank 2 is electrically intact but does not deliver the expected thermal effect - measured catalyst light-off time is longer than calibrated. Heater element ageing, increased contact resistance, or a partial winding failure are typical causes.",
        "de": "Die Katalysator-Heizung an Bank 2 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht die erwartete thermische Wirkung - die gemessene Katalysator-Anspringzeit ist länger als kalibriert. Ursachen sind Alterung des Heizelements, erhöhte Übergangswiderstände oder Teilwicklungsausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_catalyst_heater_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged - reduced power output",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert - reduzierte Leistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contact_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased contact resistance in supply",
            "de": "Erhöhter Übergangswiderstand in der Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0500",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed Sensor \"A\" Malfunction",
        "de": "Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitssensor \"A\" Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle speed sensor (VSS) signal is missing or implausible. On automatic transmissions this often disables cruise control and shift adaptation; ABS-equipped cars typically derive speed from wheel speed sensors as a fallback.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitssensors (VSS) fehlt oder ist unplausibel. Bei Automatikgetrieben sind dadurch oft Tempomat und Schaltadaption deaktiviert; ABS-Fahrzeuge greifen üblicherweise auf die Raddrehzahlsensoren als Backup zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor",
        "vehicle_speed_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vss_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Geschwindigkeitssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vss_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0501",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed Sensor \"A\" Range/Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitssensor \"A\" Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The VSS signal is present but inconsistent — either values jump implausibly or the sensor reports a speed inconsistent with engine RPM in gear. Often a damaged reluctor ring or a sensor with degraded magnetic response.",
        "de": "Das VSS-Signal ist vorhanden, aber inkonsistent — entweder springen die Werte unplausibel oder die Geschwindigkeit passt nicht zur Drehzahl im jeweiligen Gang. Häufig beschädigtes Geberrad oder Sensor mit schwachem Magnetfeld."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor",
        "reluctor_ring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vss_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal intermittent",
            "de": "Sensorsignal sporadisch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reluctor_damage",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reluctor tooth damaged",
            "de": "Geberrad-Zahn beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0500"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0502",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeits-Sensor A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The primary vehicle speed sensor (VSS A) reports a signal voltage below the plausible lower limit. With no usable speed signal the ECU loses cruise control, gear-shift logic and certain anti-stall functions.",
        "de": "Der primäre Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeits-Sensor (VSS A) liefert eine Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs. Ohne brauchbares Geschwindigkeitssignal verliert das Steuergerät Tempomat, Schaltlogik und bestimmte Anti-Stall-Funktionen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor_a",
        "vss_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0503",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed Sensor A Circuit Intermittent Erratic or High",
        "de": "Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeits-Sensor A Stromkreis - aussetzend, erratisch oder hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0502 with the signal noisy, erratic or above the plausible upper limit - typical for a chafed harness, missing reluctor tooth or a sensor with a weakened magnet.",
        "de": "Wie P0502, mit verrauschtem, erratischem oder zu hohem Signal - typisch für einen gescheuerten Kabelbaum, ein fehlendes Geberrad-Zahn oder einen Sensor mit geschwächtem Magneten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor_a",
        "vss_wiring",
        "reluctor_ring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "noise_or_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noise on signal line or intermittent open",
            "de": "Störungen auf Signalleitung oder aussetzende Unterbrechung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reluctor_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reluctor ring damaged or missing teeth",
            "de": "Geberrad beschädigt oder mit fehlenden Zähnen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0504",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Switch \"A\"/\"B\" Correlation",
        "de": "Bremslichtschalter \"A\"/\"B\" Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern vehicles use two redundant brake switch signals (often one normally-open and one normally-closed). When the two signals disagree, this code is set; common causes include a misadjusted switch, internal switch failure, or wiring fault.",
        "de": "Moderne Fahrzeuge verwenden zwei redundante Bremslichtschalter-Signale (häufig je ein Schließer und ein Öffner). Stimmen die Signale nicht überein, wird dieser Code gesetzt; häufige Ursachen — falsch eingestellter Schalter, interner Schalterdefekt oder Verkabelungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_light_switch",
        "brake_switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake switch misadjusted",
            "de": "Bremslichtschalter falsch eingestellt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake switch internal fault",
            "de": "Bremslichtschalter intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0505",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Idle Air Control System Malfunction",
        "de": "Leerlaufregelsystem Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault has been detected in the idle air control (IAC) system. On older vehicles with a separate IAC valve, this means the valve cannot maintain commanded idle RPM; on drive-by-wire systems, the equivalent fault is in the throttle body's idle adaptation.",
        "de": "Im Leerlaufregelsystem (IAC) wurde eine allgemeine Störung erkannt. Bei älteren Fahrzeugen mit separatem IAC-Ventil bedeutet das, dass das Ventil die angeforderte Leerlaufdrehzahl nicht halten kann; bei elektronischen Drosselklappen tritt der äquivalente Fehler in der Leerlaufanpassung auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_air_control_valve",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "iac_carboned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "IAC valve carboned, sticky",
            "de": "IAC-Ventil verkokt, hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_body_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle body dirty (drive-by-wire)",
            "de": "Drosselklappe verschmutzt (E-Gas)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak_idle",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak affecting idle",
            "de": "Falschluft, die den Leerlauf beeinflusst"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0506",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Idle Air Control System RPM Lower Than Expected",
        "de": "Leerlaufregelsystem Drehzahl niedriger als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine idles below the target RPM despite the IAC opening fully. Indicates restricted air path past the IAC — typically a heavily fouled throttle body or stuck IAC valve.",
        "de": "Der Motor läuft im Leerlauf unter Solldrehzahl, obwohl das IAC-Ventil vollständig öffnet. Hinweis auf einen eingeschränkten Luftweg am IAC vorbei — typischerweise stark verschmutzte Drosselklappe oder festgesetztes IAC-Ventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_air_control_valve",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_body_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle body or idle bypass passage clogged",
            "de": "Drosselklappe oder Leerlauf-Bypasskanal verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "iac_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "IAC valve stuck mostly closed",
            "de": "IAC-Ventil hängt überwiegend geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0507",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Idle Air Control System RPM Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Leerlaufregelsystem Drehzahl höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Idle RPM exceeds the target despite the IAC commanded fully closed. Almost always caused by a vacuum leak that lets air bypass the IAC — torn intake hose, leaking PCV, brake booster, or intake manifold gasket.",
        "de": "Die Leerlaufdrehzahl übersteigt den Sollwert, obwohl das IAC-Ventil vollständig geschlossen wird. Fast immer durch Falschluft verursacht, die das IAC umgeht — gerissener Ansaugschlauch, undichter PCV, Bremskraftverstärker oder Saugrohrdichtung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold",
        "pcv_valve",
        "brake_booster",
        "vacuum_hose"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intake_vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak bypassing IAC",
            "de": "Falschluft umgeht IAC"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pcv_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "PCV valve stuck open",
            "de": "PCV-Ventil hängt offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_booster_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake booster diaphragm leaking",
            "de": "Membran des Bremskraftverstärkers undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0508",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Idle Air Control System Circuit Low",
        "de": "Leerlaufluft-Regelung Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line to the idle air control valve - which opens a small bypass around the throttle to set idle airflow - is shorted to ground or measures a voltage below the plausible level.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung des Leerlaufluft-Regelventils - das einen Bypass um die Drosselklappe öffnet, um den Leerlauf-Luftstrom einzustellen - ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder zeigt eine zu niedrige Spannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_air_control_valve",
        "iac_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "IAC solenoid internally shorted",
            "de": "IAC-Magnet innen kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0509",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Idle Air Control System Circuit High",
        "de": "Leerlaufluft-Regelung Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0508 with the line shorted to supply or open.",
        "de": "Wie P0508, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen oder unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_air_control_valve",
        "iac_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in IAC valve or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im IAC-Ventil oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P050A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Idle Control System Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Leerlaufregelung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During the cold-start phase the ECU runs an elevated idle speed and a richer mixture to bring the catalyst above light-off temperature quickly. The cold-start idle does not behave as commanded - speed sags, hunts, or fails to come up. Possible causes are intake leaks active when cold, an IAC valve sticking, or implausible coolant temperature.",
        "de": "Während der Kaltstartphase fährt das Steuergerät eine angehobene Leerlaufdrehzahl und ein angereichertes Gemisch, um den Katalysator schnell auf Anspringtemperatur zu bringen. Der Kaltstart-Leerlauf zeigt unzulässiges Verhalten - die Drehzahl sackt ab, pendelt oder kommt nicht hoch. Ursachen können kalte Saugleckagen, ein klemmendes IAC-Ventil oder eine unplausible Kühlmitteltemperatur sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_air_control_valve",
        "cold_start_strategy",
        "intake_manifold_seal"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intake_leak_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake leak only when cold (gasket shrinks)",
            "de": "Saugleck nur im kalten Zustand (Dichtung zieht sich zusammen)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "iac_sticking",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "IAC valve sticking when cold",
            "de": "IAC-Ventil hängt im kalten Zustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P050B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Ignition Timing Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Zündzeitpunkt - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start the ECU retards ignition timing to raise exhaust temperature for catalyst light-off. The strategy does not deliver the expected timing - feedback from knock sensor or combustion model shows ignition too far advanced or retarded for the demanded calibration.",
        "de": "Während des Kaltstarts spätet das Steuergerät den Zündzeitpunkt, um die Abgastemperatur für das Katalysator-Anspringen anzuheben. Die Strategie liefert nicht das erwartete Timing - Rückmeldung des Klopfsensors oder Verbrennungsmodells zeigt zu frühe oder zu späte Zündung gegenüber der Vorgabe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_timing_strategy",
        "knock_sensor",
        "cam_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "knock_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Knock sensor drift causes wrong feedback",
            "de": "Klopfsensor-Drift liefert falsche Rückmeldung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cam_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cam phaser offset against crank",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversatz gegenüber Kurbelwelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P050C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Engine Coolant Temperature Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Motorkühlmitteltemperatur - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start the ECU expects coolant temperature to rise within a calibrated time window. Either the engine warms up too slowly (stuck-open thermostat, weak combustion) or the temperature signal does not reflect the actual warm-up.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erwartet das Steuergerät, dass die Kühlmitteltemperatur innerhalb eines kalibrierten Zeitfensters ansteigt. Entweder erwärmt sich der Motor zu langsam (offener Thermostat, schwache Verbrennung) oder das Temperatursignal bildet die tatsächliche Erwärmung nicht ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermostat",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck open - engine warms too slowly",
            "de": "Thermostat offen blockiert - Motor erwärmt zu langsam"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ect_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant temperature sensor drifts low",
            "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor mit Drift nach unten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P050D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Rough Idle",
        "de": "Kaltstart - unruhiger Leerlauf"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects rough idle behaviour during the cold-start phase only. Once the engine has warmed up the issue disappears. Typically caused by injector deposits, low compression on one cylinder when cold, or sticky valve guides.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen unruhigen Leerlauf, der ausschliesslich in der Kaltstartphase auftritt. Sobald der Motor warm ist, verschwindet das Problem. Ursachen sind meist verkokte Einspritzventile, geringe Kompression eines Zylinders im kalten Zustand oder klemmende Ventilschäfte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "valve_guides"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_coked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector tip coked - poor cold spray pattern",
            "de": "Einspritzventil verkokt - schlechtes Kaltsprühbild"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_guide_sticky",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve guide sticky when cold",
            "de": "Ventilführung hängt im kalten Zustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P050E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Engine Exhaust Temperature Too Low",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Abgastemperatur zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During the cold-start strategy the ECU monitors exhaust temperature to ensure catalyst light-off. The measured EGT remains below the target threshold within the allowed time - heat-up strategy is not effective. Causes include excessive heat loss, very rich mixture cooling the exhaust, or a faulty EGT sensor.",
        "de": "Während der Kaltstartstrategie überwacht das Steuergerät die Abgastemperatur, um sicherzustellen, dass der Katalysator anspringt. Die EGT bleibt im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster unterhalb des Zielwerts - die Aufheizstrategie greift nicht. Ursachen sind hohe Wärmeverluste, ein stark angereichertes Gemisch, das die Abgastemperatur drückt, oder ein defekter EGT-Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor",
        "cold_start_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heat_loss",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive heat loss between port and catalyst",
            "de": "Zu hohe Wärmeverluste zwischen Auslass und Katalysator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGT sensor drifts low",
            "de": "EGT-Sensor mit Drift nach unten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P050F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Assist Vacuum Too Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Unterdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU monitors the vacuum supplied to the brake booster (either via a dedicated sensor or via intake manifold pressure). The level has dropped below the calibrated threshold; brake-pedal feel will be hard, and an electric vacuum pump may be commanded to restore vacuum.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät überwacht den Unterdruck im Bremskraftverstärker (entweder über einen eigenen Sensor oder über den Saugrohrdruck). Der Wert ist unter den kalibrierten Schwellwert gefallen; das Bremspedal wirkt hart und eine elektrische Vakuumpumpe wird ggf. zur Unterdruckunterstützung angefordert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster",
        "vacuum_pump",
        "vacuum_check_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak in booster line or check valve",
            "de": "Unterdruckverlust in Leitung oder Rückschlagventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electric vacuum pump weak",
            "de": "Elektrische Vakuumpumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_servo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0510",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Throttle Position Switch",
        "de": "Leerlaufstellungsschalter Drosselklappe"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated closed-throttle switch (or closed-throttle bit on the TPS) does not behave as expected - either it never activates, never deactivates, or shows incoherent state against TPS voltage and engine load. Used by older systems for fuel-cutoff and idle recognition.",
        "de": "Der eigenständige Leerlaufstellungsschalter (oder das Leerlauf-Bit am TPS) verhält sich nicht wie erwartet - er aktiviert nie, deaktiviert nie oder zeigt einen Zustand, der nicht zur TPS-Spannung und zur Motorlast passt. Wird in älteren Systemen für Schubabschaltung und Leerlaufkennung verwendet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "closed_throttle_switch",
        "throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch out of adjustment or worn",
            "de": "Schalter dejustiert oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS idle voltage offset",
            "de": "TPS-Leerlaufspannung mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0511",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Idle Air Control Circuit",
        "de": "Leerlaufluft-Regelung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the idle air control valve - open or short on supply, signal or ground. The ECU loses control of idle bypass airflow.",
        "de": "An dem Leerlaufluft-Regelventil wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss in Versorgung, Signal oder Masse. Das Steuergerät verliert die Kontrolle über den Bypass-Luftstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_air_control_valve",
        "iac_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0512",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Request Circuit",
        "de": "Anlasseranforderung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The starter request input - the signal that tells the ECU the driver wants to crank the engine - shows a circuit fault. Without it the engine cannot be started under software-managed start strategies (stop-start, push-button, immobiliser-coordinated start).",
        "de": "Der Eingang für die Anlasseranforderung - das Signal, mit dem das Steuergerät erkennt, dass der Fahrer den Motor anlassen möchte - meldet einen Stromkreisfehler. Ohne ihn ist ein softwaregesteuerter Start (Stop-Start, Startknopf, Wegfahrsperre) nicht möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_request_input",
        "ignition_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0513",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Immobilizer Key",
        "de": "Falscher Wegfahrsperrenschlüssel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The immobiliser system has detected a key that is not authorised for this vehicle. Engine start is blocked. Possible causes are an unprogrammed replacement key, a transponder fault, or a deliberate attempt to start with the wrong key.",
        "de": "Die Wegfahrsperre hat einen nicht für dieses Fahrzeug freigegebenen Schlüssel erkannt. Der Motorstart ist gesperrt. Ursachen sind nicht programmierter Ersatzschlüssel, Transponderfehler oder ein bewusster Startversuch mit dem falschen Schlüssel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "immobilizer",
        "key_transponder"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "key_not_programmed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement key not programmed",
            "de": "Ersatzschlüssel nicht angelernt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "transponder_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Key transponder defective",
            "de": "Schlüsseltransponder defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0514",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Temperature Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Batterietemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery temperature sensor reports a value within plausible range yet inconsistent with engine bay or coolant temperature. Modern alternator regulation uses battery temperature to adjust charging voltage, so an offset here causes over- or undercharging.",
        "de": "Der Batterietemperatursensor meldet einen Wert im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zur Motorraum- oder Kühlmitteltemperatur passt. Moderne Lichtmaschinen-Regelungen nutzen die Batterietemperatur zur Anpassung der Ladespannung; ein Offset hier führt zu Über- oder Unterladung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0515",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Batterietemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the battery temperature sensor - open or short on supply, signal or ground.",
        "de": "An dem Batterietemperatursensor wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss in Versorgung, Signal oder Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0516",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterietemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0515 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0515, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0517",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterietemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0515 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0515, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0518",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Idle Air Control Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Leerlaufluft-Regelung Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0511 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P0511, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_air_control_valve",
        "iac_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0519",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Idle Air Control System Performance",
        "de": "Leerlaufluft-Regelung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The idle air control system is electrically intact, but the actual idle airflow does not match the commanded value - typical for a sticky valve, intake leak, or carbon build-up around the throttle bore.",
        "de": "Die Leerlaufluft-Regelung ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der tatsächliche Leerlauf-Luftstrom passt aber nicht zum Sollwert - meist klemmendes Ventil, Saugleck oder Verkokung im Drosselklappenkanal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_air_control_valve",
        "intake_manifold",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "iac_sticking",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "IAC valve sticking due to carbon",
            "de": "IAC-Ventil hängt durch Verkokung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intake_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake leak disturbs idle metering",
            "de": "Saugleck stört Leerlauf-Messung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P051A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäusedruck-Sensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the crankcase pressure sensor A - typically used to monitor PCV operation and detect a clogged separator or disconnected hose.",
        "de": "An dem Kurbelgehäusedruck-Sensor A wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - meist zur Überwachung der PCV und zur Erkennung verstopfter Abscheider oder abgesteckter Schläuche."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P051B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäusedruck-Sensor A Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P051A with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P051A, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P051C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäusedruck-Sensor A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P051A with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P051A, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P051D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäusedruck-Sensor A Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P051A with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P051A, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P051E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Sensor A Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäusedruck-Sensor A Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P051A with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P051A, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_a",
        "crankcase_pressure_wiring_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P051F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Filter Restriction",
        "de": "PCV-Filter - Einschränkung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pressure or flow sensor in the PCV path detects increased restriction across the oil-mist filter element. Once saturated with oil mist, the filter no longer passes blow-by gas, raising crankcase pressure and pushing oil past seals.",
        "de": "Druck- oder Strömungssensor im PCV-Pfad erkennt einen erhöhten Strömungswiderstand am Ölnebel-Filterelement. Ist der Filter mit Ölnebel gesättigt, lässt er Blowby-Gas nicht mehr durch; der Kurbelgehäusedruck steigt und Öl drückt sich durch Dichtungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_filter",
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "filter_saturated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PCV filter saturated with oil mist",
            "de": "PCV-Filter mit Ölnebel gesättigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0520",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor or Switch A Circuit",
        "de": "Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the engine oil pressure sensor or switch A. Without a valid oil pressure signal the ECU cannot warn the driver about loss of oil pressure - a critical engine-protection function.",
        "de": "An dem Motoröldruck-Sensor oder -Schalter A wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Ohne gültiges Öldruck-Signal kann das Steuergerät den Fahrer nicht vor Öldruckverlust warnen - eine zentrale Motorschutzfunktion."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0521",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor/Switch Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motoröldrucksensor/-schalter Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine oil pressure sensor or switch reports values that are not plausible for current RPM, oil temperature, and engine load. Could indicate a sensor fault or genuinely abnormal pressure.",
        "de": "Der Motoröldrucksensor oder -schalter meldet Werte, die für aktuelle Drehzahl, Öltemperatur und Last nicht plausibel sind. Hinweis auf Sensorfehler oder tatsächlich anormalen Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Öldrucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pump or bearings worn",
            "de": "Ölpumpe oder Lager verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0522",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor/Switch Low Voltage",
        "de": "Motoröldrucksensor/-schalter Spannung zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil pressure sensor signal is below the expected minimum. Often points to an electrical fault — short to ground or failed sensor — but can also indicate genuinely low oil pressure.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Öldrucksensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Mindestwert. Hinweis meist auf elektrischen Fehler — Masseschluss oder defekter Sensor — kann aber auch tatsächlich niedrigen Öldruck bedeuten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_sensor_failed_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed (low)",
            "de": "Sensor defekt (Minimalwert)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0521"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0523",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor or Switch A High",
        "de": "Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter A - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0520 with the signal voltage above the plausible range - usually a short to supply or sensor failure that pegs the output high.",
        "de": "Wie P0520, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs - meist Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung oder ein Sensorausfall, der den Ausgang nach oben sperrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0524",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has determined that engine oil pressure is below the safe operating threshold. Caused by low oil level, worn oil pump, severe engine wear, or a stuck pressure relief valve. Continued operation can rapidly destroy the engine.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Öldruck unter der sicheren Betriebsschwelle. Ursachen — zu niedriger Ölstand, verschlissene Ölpumpe, starker Motorverschleiß oder hängendes Druckbegrenzungsventil. Weiterbetrieb kann den Motor schnell zerstören."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pump",
        "engine_oil",
        "oil_pressure_relief_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_oil_level",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil level too low",
            "de": "Motorölstand zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pump worn",
            "de": "Ölpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "engine_bearings_worn",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine bearings worn",
            "de": "Motorlager verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          6000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0525",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Servo Control Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Tempomat Stellgliedansteuerung Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit to the cruise control servo (vacuum or electric actuator that holds throttle position) shows feedback in plausible range yet inconsistent with the commanded action - servo slow, sticking, or supply weak.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Tempomat-Stellglieds (Vakuum- oder Elektroservo, das die Drosselstellung hält) zeigt eine Rückmeldung im plausiblen Bereich, die aber nicht zum Stellbefehl passt - Servo träge, hängend oder Versorgung schwach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_servo"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "servo_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Servo response slow due to wear",
            "de": "Servo reagiert langsam durch Verschleiss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum supply low (vacuum servo)",
            "de": "Vakuumversorgung niedrig (bei Vakuumservo)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0526",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan Speed Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Lüfterdrehzahlsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the cooling fan tachometer feedback - the ECU loses fan speed information needed to verify cooling capacity and detect a stalled or runaway fan.",
        "de": "An dem Drehzahl-Rückmeldesensor des Kühlerlüfters wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - das Steuergerät verliert die Drehzahlinformation, die nötig ist, um Kühlleistung zu prüfen und einen stehenden oder durchgehenden Lüfter zu erkennen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0527",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan Speed Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Lüfterdrehzahlsensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0526 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the commanded fan speed - typically sensor drift, weak magnet, or partial reluctor damage.",
        "de": "Wie P0526, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zur Soll-Drehzahl passt - meist Sensordrift, geschwächter Magnet oder teilweise beschädigtes Geberrad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal drifted",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0528",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan Speed Sensor Circuit No Signal",
        "de": "Lüfterdrehzahlsensor Stromkreis - kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0526 with no detectable signal at all - sensor not producing pulses despite the fan being commanded on.",
        "de": "Wie P0526, ohne erkennbares Signal - der Sensor liefert keine Pulse, obwohl der Lüfter angefordert ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_dead",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor dead or magnet demagnetised",
            "de": "Sensor defekt oder Magnet entmagnetisiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0529",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Lüfterdrehzahlsensor Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0526 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P0526, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_speed_sensor",
        "fan_speed_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P052A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start A Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced Bank 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle A Position zu früh Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start cam phasing the ECU detects that the A camshaft on bank 1 is more advanced than the cold-start target by more than the diagnostic limit. Possible causes are an oil-pressure spike, a stuck phaser, or oil aeration that hydraulically locks the phaser advanced.",
        "de": "Während der Kaltstart-Nockenwellenphasenstellung erkennt das Steuergerät, dass die A-Nockenwelle an Bank 1 weiter vorgestellt ist als das Kaltstart-Ziel - über das Diagnoselimit hinaus. Ursachen sind ein Öldruckschlag, ein hängender Phaser oder Ölaufschäumung, die den Phaser hydraulisch in der Frühposition verriegelt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b1",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_stuck_advanced",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser stuck in advanced position",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller in Frühposition fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil aerated or wrong viscosity",
            "de": "Öl aufgeschäumt oder falsche Viskosität"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P052B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start A Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded Bank 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle A Position zu spät Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P052A with the phaser stuck retarded - cold-start strategy cannot pull the cam to the advanced position needed for fast catalyst light-off.",
        "de": "Wie P052A, mit Phaser in Spätposition fest - die Kaltstart-Strategie kann die Nockenwelle nicht in die für ein schnelles Katalysator-Anspringen nötige Frühposition fahren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b1",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_stuck_retarded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser stuck in retarded position",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller in Spätposition fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P052C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start A Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced Bank 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle A Position zu früh Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start cam phasing the ECU detects that the A camshaft on bank 2 is more advanced than the cold-start target by more than the diagnostic limit. Possible causes are an oil-pressure spike, a stuck phaser, or oil aeration that hydraulically locks the phaser advanced.",
        "de": "Während der Kaltstart-Nockenwellenphasenstellung erkennt das Steuergerät, dass die A-Nockenwelle an Bank 2 weiter vorgestellt ist als das Kaltstart-Ziel - über das Diagnoselimit hinaus. Ursachen sind ein Öldruckschlag, ein hängender Phaser oder Ölaufschäumung, die den Phaser hydraulisch in der Frühposition verriegelt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b2",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_stuck_advanced",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser stuck in advanced position",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller in Frühposition fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P052D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start A Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded Bank 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle A Position zu spät Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P052B on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P052B an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b2",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_stuck_retarded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser stuck in retarded position",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller in Spätposition fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P052E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Regulator Valve Performance",
        "de": "PCV-Regelventil - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The crankcase ventilation regulator valve - which throttles blow-by gas flow toward the intake based on engine load - is electrically intact but does not deliver the modelled pressure regulation. Either the valve diaphragm is fatigued or the spring is weak.",
        "de": "Das Regelventil der Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung - das den Blowby-Strom zum Saugrohr lastabhängig drosselt - ist elektrisch in Ordnung, leistet aber nicht die modellierte Druckregelung. Entweder ist die Membran ermüdet oder die Feder schwach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_regulator_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "diaphragm_fatigued",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Diaphragm fatigued",
            "de": "Membran ermüdet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator spring weak",
            "de": "Reglerfeder schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P052F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 1 System Voltage",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 Systemspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first glow plug control module reports its supply voltage outside the calibrated window - either too low to drive the plugs to full temperature or too high, risking damage. Affects diesel cold-start time and white-smoke emissions.",
        "de": "Das erste Glühkerzen-Steuermodul meldet seine Versorgungsspannung ausserhalb des kalibrierten Bereichs - entweder zu niedrig, um die Kerzen auf volle Temperatur zu bringen, oder zu hoch, mit Beschädigungsrisiko. Wirkt sich auf Diesel-Kaltstartzeit und Weissrauchemissionen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_1",
        "glow_plug_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_contact_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply relay contact high resistance",
            "de": "Versorgungsrelais-Kontakt mit hohem Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0530",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor \"A\" Circuit",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemitteldrucksensor \"A\" Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the A/C refrigerant pressure sensor circuit. The ECU uses this signal to enable the compressor and cooling fan; without it the A/C is typically disabled.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis des Klima-Kältemitteldrucksensors. Die Motorsteuerung nutzt dieses Signal zur Aktivierung von Kompressor und Lüfter; ohne Signal wird die Klimaanlage üblicherweise deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor",
        "ac_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ac_pressure_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "A/C pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Klima-Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ac_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0531",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "A/C Kältemitteldrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C refrigerant pressure sensor signal is implausible against operating conditions. Reading does not change as expected when the compressor cycles or ambient conditions change.",
        "de": "Das Signal des A/C-Kältemitteldrucksensors ist unter Betriebsbedingungen unplausibel. Der Wert ändert sich nicht wie erwartet beim Kompressorlauf oder bei wechselnden Umgebungsbedingungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor",
        "ac_compressor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ac_pressure_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor drift",
            "de": "Drucksensor driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "refrigerant_charge_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Refrigerant charge incorrect",
            "de": "Kältemittelfüllung falsch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Kabelfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0530",
        "P0532",
        "P0533",
        "P0534"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0532",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor \"A\" Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemitteldrucksensor \"A\" Schaltung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A/C pressure sensor signal voltage below the lower threshold — open, short to ground, sensor fault, or a refrigerant charge so low that the pressure is genuinely low.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des Klima-Drucksensors liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — Unterbrechung, Masseschluss, Sensordefekt oder so niedrige Kältemittelfüllmenge, dass der Druck tatsächlich gering ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor",
        "ac_refrigerant"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "refrigerant_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Refrigerant charge low",
            "de": "Kältemittelfüllung zu gering"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ac_pressure_sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor circuit shorted to ground or open",
            "de": "Sensorkreis Masseschluss oder offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0530"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0533",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor \"A\" Circuit High",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemitteldrucksensor \"A\" Schaltung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A/C pressure sensor signal voltage above the upper threshold — short to supply, defective sensor, or a system overcharge/blocked condenser causing genuine high pressure.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des Klima-Drucksensors liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert — Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung, defekter Sensor oder tatsächlich hoher Druck durch Überfüllung/blockierten Kondensator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor",
        "ac_condenser"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "condenser_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Condenser blocked or fan inoperative",
            "de": "Kondensator blockiert oder Lüfter ohne Funktion"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ac_pressure_sensor_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Sensorkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0530"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0534",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Charge Loss",
        "de": "A/C Kältemittelverlust"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The system detects an abnormally low refrigerant charge. Compressor operation is typically inhibited to prevent damage.",
        "de": "Das System erkennt eine ungewöhnlich niedrige Kältemittelfüllung. Der Kompressorbetrieb wird in der Regel gesperrt, um Schäden zu vermeiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor",
        "ac_refrigerant_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "refrigerant_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Refrigerant leak in circuit",
            "de": "Leck im Kältemittelkreis"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "schrader_valve_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Service valve leak",
            "de": "Serviceventil undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor reading low falsely",
            "de": "Drucksensor liest falsch zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0530",
        "P0531"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0535",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "A/C Verdampfertemperatursensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The evaporator temperature sensor signal is missing or out of range. Used to prevent icing of the evaporator core.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Verdampfertemperatursensors fehlt oder liegt außerhalb des Bereichs. Wird zur Vereisungsschutzregelung des Verdampfers genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_evaporator_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_temp_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Evaporator temp sensor defective",
            "de": "Verdampfertemperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0537",
        "P0538"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0536",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Klimaanlagen-Verdampfertemperatursensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The evaporator temperature sensor used to prevent evaporator icing reports a value within plausible range yet not matching the engine model or cabin conditions.",
        "de": "Der Verdampfertemperatursensor zum Schutz des Verdampfers vor Vereisung meldet einen Wert im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zum Motor- oder Kabinenmodell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_evaporator_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0537",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "A/C Verdampfertemperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The evaporator temperature sensor signal voltage is below the lower diagnostic threshold. Indicates a short to ground or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des Verdampfertemperatursensors liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert. Deutet auf Masseschluss oder Sensorfehler hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_evaporator_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_temp_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internally shorted",
            "de": "Sensor intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0535",
        "P0538"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0538",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "A/C Verdampfertemperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The evaporator temperature sensor signal voltage is above the upper diagnostic threshold. Typically open circuit or short to power.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des Verdampfertemperatursensors liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert. Üblich sind Unterbrechung oder Spannungsschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_evaporator_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_temp_sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor open internally",
            "de": "Sensor intern unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or disconnected",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder getrennt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0535",
        "P0537"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0539",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Evaporator Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Klimaanlagen-Verdampfertemperatursensor Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0536 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P0536, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_evaporator_temperature_sensor",
        "ac_temperature_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          220
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P053A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Heater A Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "PCV-Heizung A Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater on PCV path A - used to prevent ice plugs in the crankcase ventilation hose during cold weather - has an open control circuit. Without it, condensation can freeze and block PCV flow, raising crankcase pressure dangerously.",
        "de": "Die Heizung am PCV-Pfad A - zur Vermeidung von Eispfropfen im Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftungsschlauch bei Kälte - hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis. Ohne sie kann Kondensat einfrieren und den PCV-Durchfluss blockieren, wodurch der Kurbelgehäusedruck gefährlich ansteigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_heater_a",
        "pcv_heater_wiring_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in harness or heater element",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum oder Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P053B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Heater A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "PCV-Heizung A Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P053A with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P053A, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P053C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Heater A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "PCV-Heizung A Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P053A with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P053A, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P053D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Heater A Performance",
        "de": "PCV-Heizung A - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCV heater on path A is electrically intact but does not deliver the expected thermal effect - hose temperature does not rise as commanded. Heater element aged or contact resistance increased.",
        "de": "Die PCV-Heizung an Pfad A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Heizeffekt - die Schlauchtemperatur steigt trotz Ansteuerung nicht. Heizelement gealtert oder erhöhte Übergangswiderstände."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P053E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäusedruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The crankcase pressure sensor reports a value above the safe upper threshold. Excessive crankcase pressure pushes oil past seals and contaminates the PCV path with mist - causes are clogged PCV system, frozen breather hose, or excessive blow-by from worn rings.",
        "de": "Der Kurbelgehäusedruck-Sensor meldet einen Wert oberhalb des sicheren Schwellwerts. Zu hoher Kurbelgehäusedruck drückt Öl durch Dichtungen und verschmutzt den PCV-Pfad mit Ölnebel - Ursachen sind verstopftes PCV-System, eingefrorener Entlüftungsschlauch oder erhöhter Blowby durch verschlissene Kolbenringe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase",
        "pcv_valve",
        "cylinder_compression"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pcv_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PCV path blocked or frozen",
            "de": "PCV-Pfad verstopft oder eingefroren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blow_by_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive blow-by from worn rings",
            "de": "Erhöhter Blowby durch verschlissene Kolbenringe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P053F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Pressure Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Kraftstoffdruck - Funktion Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start the ECU runs an elevated rail pressure on direct-injection systems for better cold spray atomisation. The pressure target on bank 1 is not reached within the calibrated time window - typical for a high-pressure pump that loses output when cold or a pressure regulator with cold-stickiness.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart fährt das Steuergerät bei Direkteinspritzern einen erhöhten Raildruck für besseres Kaltsprühbild. Der Drucksollwert an Bank 1 wird im kalibrierten Zeitfenster nicht erreicht - typisch für eine Hochdruckpumpe, die im kalten Zustand weniger fördert, oder einen Druckregler, der kalt klemmt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_pump_b1",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_b1",
        "fuel_rail_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_cold_low_output",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP pump output low when cold",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe fördert kalt zu wenig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_sticking_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator sticking when cold",
            "de": "Druckregler hängt im kalten Zustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0540",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater A Circuit",
        "de": "Ansaugluftheizung A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake air heater control circuit reports a generic fault. Heater is used on diesel and some gasoline engines for cold-start emissions and starting reliability.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Ansaugluftheizung meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Heizung dient bei Dieseln und manchen Benzinmotoren der Kaltstartemission und Startsicherheit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater",
        "heater_relay",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_element_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open or shorted",
            "de": "Heizelement offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater relay defective",
            "de": "Heizungsrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Kabelfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0541",
        "P0542"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0541",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ansaugluftheizung A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake air heater control circuit reports a generic fault. Heater is used on diesel and some gasoline engines for cold-start emissions and starting reliability.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Ansaugluftheizung meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Heizung dient bei Dieseln und manchen Benzinmotoren der Kaltstartemission und Startsicherheit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Circuit shorted to ground",
            "de": "Stromkreis mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_element_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element fault",
            "de": "Heizelement defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0540",
        "P0542"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0542",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater A Circuit High",
        "de": "Ansaugluftheizung A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake air heater control circuit reports a generic fault. Heater is used on diesel and some gasoline engines for cold-start emissions and starting reliability.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Ansaugluftheizung meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Heizung dient bei Dieseln und manchen Benzinmotoren der Kaltstartemission und Startsicherheit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater",
        "heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Circuit shorted to power",
            "de": "Stromkreis mit Spannungsschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground open",
            "de": "Masse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0540",
        "P0541"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0543",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater A Circuit Open",
        "de": "Ansaugluftheizung A Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake air heater (grid heater) on path A - used on cold-start of diesel engines to warm intake air for reliable combustion - has an open control circuit. Without it, cold-start emissions and idle quality on cold days suffer.",
        "de": "Die Ansaugluftheizung (Gitterheizung) an Pfad A - bei Diesel-Kaltstarts zur Vorwärmung der Ansaugluft für eine zuverlässige Verbrennung - hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis. Ohne sie leiden Kaltstartemissionen und Leerlaufqualität an kalten Tagen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater_a",
        "heater_a_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in harness, relay or heater element",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum, Relais oder Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0544",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the EGT sensor at bank 1 sensor 1 (typically just downstream of the turbo or before the catalyst). The ECU loses thermal protection feedback for the catalyst and DPF.",
        "de": "An dem EGT-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 1 (meist direkt nach dem Turbo oder vor dem Katalysator) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das Steuergerät verliert die thermische Schutzrückmeldung für Katalysator und DPF."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0545",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 1 Low",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 1 niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust gas temperature sensor signal at bank 1, sensor 1 is below the lower diagnostic threshold. Indicates short to ground or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Abgastemperatursensors an Bank 1, Sensor 1 liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert. Deutet auf Masseschluss oder Sensorfehler hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGT sensor internally faulty",
            "de": "Abgastemperatursensor intern defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0546"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0546",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 1 High",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 1 hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust gas temperature sensor signal at bank 1, sensor 1 is above the upper diagnostic threshold. Typically open circuit or short to power.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Abgastemperatursensors an Bank 1, Sensor 1 liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert. Üblich sind Unterbrechung oder Spannungsschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor open internally",
            "de": "Sensor intern unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or disconnected",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder getrennt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0545"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0547",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 1 (typically just downstream of the turbo or before the catalyst). The ECU loses thermal protection feedback for the catalyst and DPF.",
        "de": "An dem EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 1 (meist direkt nach dem Turbo oder vor dem Katalysator) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das Steuergerät verliert die thermische Schutzrückmeldung für Katalysator und DPF."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0548",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 1 (typically just downstream of the turbo or before the catalyst). The ECU loses thermal protection feedback for the catalyst and DPF.",
        "de": "An dem EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 1 (meist direkt nach dem Turbo oder vor dem Katalysator) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das Steuergerät verliert die thermische Schutzrückmeldung für Katalysator und DPF."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0549",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 1 (typically just downstream of the turbo or before the catalyst). The ECU loses thermal protection feedback for the catalyst and DPF.",
        "de": "An dem EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 1 (meist direkt nach dem Turbo oder vor dem Katalysator) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das Steuergerät verliert die thermische Schutzrückmeldung für Katalysator und DPF."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P054A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start B Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced Bank 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle B Position zu früh Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start cam phasing the ECU detects that the A camshaft on bank 1 is more advanced than the cold-start target by more than the diagnostic limit. Possible causes are an oil-pressure spike, a stuck phaser, or oil aeration that hydraulically locks the phaser advanced.",
        "de": "Während der Kaltstart-Nockenwellenphasenstellung erkennt das Steuergerät, dass die A-Nockenwelle an Bank 1 weiter vorgestellt ist als das Kaltstart-Ziel - über das Diagnoselimit hinaus. Ursachen sind ein Öldruckschlag, ein hängender Phaser oder Ölaufschäumung, die den Phaser hydraulisch in der Frühposition verriegelt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b1",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_stuck_advanced",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser stuck in advanced position",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller in Frühposition fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P054B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start B Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded Bank 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle B Position zu spät Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P052B on the B camshaft of bank 1.",
        "de": "Wie P052B, an der B-Nockenwelle der Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b1",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_stuck_retarded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser stuck in retarded position",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller in Spätposition fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P054C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start B Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced Bank 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle B Position zu früh Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start cam phasing the ECU detects that the A camshaft on bank 2 is more advanced than the cold-start target by more than the diagnostic limit. Possible causes are an oil-pressure spike, a stuck phaser, or oil aeration that hydraulically locks the phaser advanced.",
        "de": "Während der Kaltstart-Nockenwellenphasenstellung erkennt das Steuergerät, dass die A-Nockenwelle an Bank 2 weiter vorgestellt ist als das Kaltstart-Ziel - über das Diagnoselimit hinaus. Ursachen sind ein Öldruckschlag, ein hängender Phaser oder Ölaufschäumung, die den Phaser hydraulisch in der Frühposition verriegelt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b2",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_stuck_advanced",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser stuck in advanced position",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller in Frühposition fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P054D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start B Camshaft Position Timing Over-Retarded Bank 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle B Position zu spät Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P052B on the B camshaft of bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P052B, an der B-Nockenwelle der Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b2",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_stuck_retarded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser stuck in retarded position",
            "de": "Nockenwellenversteller in Spätposition fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P054E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Idle Control System Fuel Quantity Lower Than Expected",
        "de": "Leerlaufregelung - Einspritzmenge geringer als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "At idle the ECU expects a calibrated fuel quantity to maintain set-speed. The actual quantity is significantly less than modelled - typical for a tight engine, very low friction, dragging accessory load missing, or implausible idle airflow.",
        "de": "Im Leerlauf erwartet das Steuergerät eine kalibrierte Einspritzmenge, um die Solldrehzahl zu halten. Die tatsächliche Menge liegt deutlich unter dem Modell - typisch für einen leichtgängigen Motor, fehlende Nebenaggregate-Last oder unplausiblen Leerlauf-Luftstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_control_strategy",
        "fuel_metering"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Expected accessory load missing",
            "de": "Erwartete Nebenaggregate-Last fehlt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "airflow_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Idle airflow offset",
            "de": "Leerlauf-Luftstrom mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P054F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Idle Control System Fuel Quantity Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Leerlaufregelung - Einspritzmenge höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P054E with actual fuel quantity above the model - high friction, sticky throttle, or accessory drag.",
        "de": "Wie P054E, mit tatsächlicher Einspritzmenge oberhalb des Modells - hohe Reibung, klemmende Drosselklappe oder Nebenaggregate-Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_control_strategy",
        "fuel_metering"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "friction_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine friction higher than expected",
            "de": "Motorreibung höher als erwartet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0550",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Servolenkungs-Drucksensor Schaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the power steering pressure sensor. The ECU uses this signal to compensate idle speed when the steering load increases; without it idle stability can suffer during parking maneuvers.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Servolenkungs-Drucksensor. Die Motorsteuerung nutzt dieses Signal zur Leerlaufanhebung bei Lenkbelastung; ohne Signal kann der Leerlauf beim Rangieren instabil werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_pressure_sensor",
        "ps_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ps_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ps_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0551",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Servolenkungs-Drucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PS pressure sensor signal stays in electrical range but is implausible for the operating state, e.g. high pressure reported with the wheels straight.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Lenkungs-Drucksensors liegt elektrisch im Bereich, ist aber für den Betriebszustand unplausibel, z. B. hoher Druck bei Geradeausstellung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ps_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift or contamination",
            "de": "Sensordrift oder Verschmutzung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0550"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0552",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Pressure Sensor Circuit Low Input",
        "de": "Servolenkungs-Drucksensor Schaltung niedriger Eingang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "PS pressure sensor signal voltage below threshold — open, short to ground, or sensor failure.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Lenkungs-Drucksensors unter dem Schwellwert — Unterbrechung, Masseschluss oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_pressure_sensor",
        "ps_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ps_sensor_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor circuit shorted to ground or open",
            "de": "Sensorkreis Masseschluss oder offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0550"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0553",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Pressure Sensor Circuit High Input",
        "de": "Servolenkungs-Drucksensor Schaltung hoher Eingang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "PS pressure sensor signal voltage above threshold — short to supply or sensor failure.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Lenkungs-Drucksensors über dem Schwellwert — Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_pressure_sensor",
        "ps_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ps_sensor_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Sensorkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0550"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0554",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Pressure Sensor Intermittent",
        "de": "Servolenkungs-Drucksensor sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power steering pressure sensor signal is intermittent. The ECM cannot consistently raise idle to compensate for steering load.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Servolenkungs-Drucksensors ist sporadisch. Die Steuerung kann den Leerlauf nicht zuverlässig zur Kompensation der Lenklast anheben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ps_pressure_sensor_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Sensorstecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent wiring fault",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kabelfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0550",
        "P0551",
        "P0552",
        "P0553"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0555",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the brake booster pressure sensor - the ECU cannot determine vacuum reserve in the booster, which limits the safe operation of stop-start, regenerative-braking blending, and electric vacuum pump control.",
        "de": "An dem Bremskraftverstärker-Drucksensor wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - das Steuergerät kann den Vakuumvorrat im Bremskraftverstärker nicht ermitteln, was Stop-Start, Rekuperationsbremsung und die Steuerung der elektrischen Vakuumpumpe einschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_servo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0556",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Pressure Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Drucksensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0555 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model - drift, partial blockage of the reference port.",
        "de": "Wie P0555, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt - Drift oder teilweise verstopfter Referenzanschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_servo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0557",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Drucksensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0555 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0555, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_servo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0558",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Drucksensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0555 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0555, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_servo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0559",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Drucksensor Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0555 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P0555, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_pressure_sensor",
        "brake_booster_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          320
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_servo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P055A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor or Switch B Circuit",
        "de": "Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the engine oil pressure sensor or switch A. Without a valid oil pressure signal the ECU cannot warn the driver about loss of oil pressure - a critical engine-protection function.",
        "de": "An dem Motoröldruck-Sensor oder -Schalter A wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Ohne gültiges Öldruck-Signal kann das Steuergerät den Fahrer nicht vor Öldruckverlust warnen - eine zentrale Motorschutzfunktion."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P055B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor or Switch B Range or Performance",
        "de": "Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter B - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P055A with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P055A, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P055C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor or Switch B Low",
        "de": "Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter B - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P055A with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P055A, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P055D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor or Switch B High",
        "de": "Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter B - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P055A with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P055A, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P055E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Oxygen Sensor Control Module System Voltage",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Steuermodul Systemspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated O2 sensor control module - found on systems with a wide-band sensor needing its own pumping current driver - reports its supply voltage outside the calibrated window.",
        "de": "Das spezielle Lambdasonden-Steuermodul - bei Systemen mit Breitbandsonde, die einen eigenen Pumpstromtreiber braucht - meldet seine Versorgungsspannung ausserhalb des kalibrierten Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low or unstable",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung niedrig oder instabil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P055F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Out of Range",
        "de": "Motoröldruck ausserhalb des Bereichs"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured oil pressure is far outside the expected range for current engine speed and oil temperature - either too low (oil pump weak, oil level low, bearing wear) or anomalously high (relief valve stuck closed, blocked oil cooler).",
        "de": "Der gemessene Öldruck liegt weit ausserhalb des für aktuelle Drehzahl und Öltemperatur erwarteten Bereichs - entweder zu niedrig (schwache Ölpumpe, niedriger Ölstand, Lagerverschleiss) oder anomal hoch (Überdruckventil zu, blockierter Ölkühler)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pump",
        "oil_pressure_sensor_a",
        "oil_relief_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pump worn or oil level low",
            "de": "Ölpumpe verschlissen oder Ölstand niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relief_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure relief valve stuck",
            "de": "Überdruckventil hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0560",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Voltage Malfunction",
        "de": "Bordnetzspannung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in the system voltage seen by the ECU — value implausible, missing, or unstable but without crossing the specific thresholds of P0562 (low) or P0563 (high). Often appears intermittently with a marginal alternator or weak battery.",
        "de": "Allgemeine Störung der Bordnetzspannung am Steuergerät — Wert unplausibel, fehlt oder ist instabil, ohne die spezifischen Schwellwerte von P0562 (niedrig) oder P0563 (hoch) zu überschreiten. Tritt oft sporadisch auf bei grenzwertiger Lichtmaschine oder schwacher Batterie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery",
        "alternator",
        "battery_cables"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_marginal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system marginal (aged battery or alternator)",
            "de": "Ladesystem grenzwertig (gealterte Batterie oder Lichtmaschine)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "battery_terminal_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded battery terminals or ground strap",
            "de": "Korrodierte Batteriepole oder Massekabel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0561",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Voltage Unstable",
        "de": "Systemspannung instabil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU monitors battery voltage and detects unstable behaviour - rapid fluctuations beyond what current load changes explain. Typical causes are a failing alternator, loose battery terminals, weak battery, or a heavy load (radiator fan, glow plugs, heated screen) drawing voltage down briefly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät überwacht die Batteriespannung und erkennt instabiles Verhalten - schnelle Schwankungen, die nicht zu den aktuellen Lastwechseln passen. Typisch sind defekte Lichtmaschine, lose Batterieklemmen, schwache Batterie oder ein Verbraucher (Lüfter, Glühkerzen, Heckscheibenheizung), der die Spannung kurz einbrechen lässt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "battery",
        "main_supply_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_failing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failing",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenregler defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "battery_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery weak or terminals loose",
            "de": "Batterie schwach oder Klemmen lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0562",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Voltage Low",
        "de": "Bordnetzspannung zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery / charging system voltage seen by the ECU has dropped below the lower threshold (typically around 10.5 V). Modern ECUs are sensitive to under-voltage and may set this code briefly during cranking on a weak battery.",
        "de": "Die von der Motorsteuerung gemessene Spannung von Batterie/Lichtmaschine ist unter den Schwellwert gefallen (typisch um 10,5 V). Moderne Steuergeräte reagieren empfindlich auf Unterspannung und setzen diesen Code mitunter schon kurz beim Anlassen mit schwacher Batterie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery",
        "alternator",
        "alternator_belt",
        "battery_cables"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery aged or weak",
            "de": "Batterie gealtert oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_undercharging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator undercharging",
            "de": "Lichtmaschine lädt zu schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "battery_terminal_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded battery terminals or ground strap",
            "de": "Korrodierte Batteriepole oder Massekabel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0563",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Voltage High",
        "de": "Bordnetzspannung zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery / charging system voltage seen by the ECU exceeds the upper threshold (typically around 16 V). Caused by a failing voltage regulator inside the alternator. Sustained over-voltage can damage other electronics.",
        "de": "Die von der Motorsteuerung gemessene Spannung von Batterie/Lichtmaschine überschreitet den oberen Schwellwert (typisch um 16 V). Verursacht durch einen defekten Spannungsregler in der Lichtmaschine. Anhaltende Überspannung kann weitere Elektronik beschädigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "voltage_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_regulator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage regulator failed",
            "de": "Spannungsregler defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overcharging",
            "de": "Lichtmaschine lädt zu stark"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0564",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input A Circuit",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the multi-function cruise control input A - the multiplexed input that carries multiple stalk button states (set, resume, cancel, accelerate, coast) on a single analogue line.",
        "de": "An dem Multifunktions-Eingang A des Tempomaten wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - das ist der gemultiplexte Eingang, der mehrere Lenkstockschalter-Zustände (Set, Resume, Cancel, Accelerate, Coast) über eine einzelne Analogleitung führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk",
        "cruise_input_a_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in stalk switch or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Lenkstockschalter oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0565",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control On Signal",
        "de": "Tempomat - Ein-Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an implausible state of the cruise control on/off signal - either the master switch is stuck on, intermittent, or shows a logic level that does not match other dash signals.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen unplausiblen Zustand des Tempomat-Ein-/Aus-Signals - entweder hängt der Hauptschalter im Ein-Zustand, ist aussetzend oder zeigt einen Logikpegel, der nicht zu anderen Cockpit-Signalen passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_master_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Master switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Hauptschalter hängt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0566",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Cancel Input Circuit",
        "de": "Tempomat Abbruch-Eingang Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cancel input from the cruise control switch reports an electrical fault or implausible signal.",
        "de": "Der Abbruch-Eingang vom Tempomatschalter meldet einen elektrischen Fehler oder ein unplausibles Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_switch",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cruise_switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact defective",
            "de": "Schalterkontakt defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Kabelfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0567",
        "P0568",
        "P0570",
        "P0571"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0567",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Resume Input Circuit",
        "de": "Tempomat Wiederaufnahme-Eingang Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cancel input from the cruise control switch reports an electrical fault or implausible signal.",
        "de": "Der Abbruch-Eingang vom Tempomatschalter meldet einen elektrischen Fehler oder ein unplausibles Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_switch",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cruise_switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact defective",
            "de": "Schalterkontakt defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0566",
        "P0568",
        "P0570",
        "P0571"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0568",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Set Input Circuit",
        "de": "Tempomat Setzen-Eingang Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cancel input from the cruise control switch reports an electrical fault or implausible signal.",
        "de": "Der Abbruch-Eingang vom Tempomatschalter meldet einen elektrischen Fehler oder ein unplausibles Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_switch",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cruise_switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact defective",
            "de": "Schalterkontakt defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0566",
        "P0567",
        "P0570",
        "P0571"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0569",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Coast Signal",
        "de": "Tempomat - Coast-Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coast (decelerate) signal of the cruise control reports an implausible state - typically a stuck or shorted contact.",
        "de": "Das Coast-Signal (Verzögern) des Tempomaten zeigt einen unplausiblen Zustand - meist hängender oder kurzgeschlossener Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stalk contact stuck closed",
            "de": "Lenkstockkontakt hängt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P056A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Increase Distance Signal",
        "de": "Tempomat - Abstand erhöhen - Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The increase-distance command signal (used on adaptive cruise to lengthen the gap) is implausible - stuck, missing, or shorted.",
        "de": "Das Signal \"Abstand erhöhen\" (bei Abstandsregeltempomaten zur Vergrösserung des Abstands) ist unplausibel - hängend, fehlend oder kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk",
        "acc_human_machine_interface"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stalk contact stuck or open",
            "de": "Lenkstockkontakt hängt oder offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P056B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Decrease Distance Signal",
        "de": "Tempomat - Abstand verringern - Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The increase-distance command signal (used on adaptive cruise to lengthen the gap) is implausible - stuck, missing, or shorted.",
        "de": "Das Signal \"Abstand erhöhen\" (bei Abstandsregeltempomaten zur Vergrösserung des Abstands) ist unplausibel - hängend, fehlend oder kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk",
        "acc_human_machine_interface"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stalk contact stuck or open",
            "de": "Lenkstockkontakt hängt oder offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P056C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Cancel Signal",
        "de": "Tempomat - Cancel-Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cancel signal (driver-initiated cruise off) reports an implausible state - stuck, missing, or shorted.",
        "de": "Das Cancel-Signal (vom Fahrer ausgelöstes Tempomat-Aus) ist unplausibel - hängend, fehlend oder kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk",
        "brake_pedal_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stalk or brake switch contact stuck",
            "de": "Lenkstock- oder Bremsschalter-Kontakt hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P056D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module System Voltage",
        "de": "AdBlue-Steuermodul Systemspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant (AdBlue) control module reports its supply voltage outside the calibrated window. Reductant dosing is suspended until voltage returns to range, which can drive NOx emissions out of compliance.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Steuermodul meldet seine Versorgungsspannung ausserhalb des kalibrierten Bereichs. Die AdBlue-Dosierung wird ausgesetzt, bis die Spannung wieder im Bereich ist - die NOx-Emissionen können in der Zwischenzeit aus dem Toleranzbereich laufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_control_module",
        "reductant_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P056E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Turbocharger Boost Control A Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Turbolader-Ladedruckregelung A - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start the ECU runs an elevated boost target on the A turbo to support catalyst heat-up and cold-running combustion stability. The actual boost does not reach the cold-start target - typically a wastegate or VGT actuator sticking when cold.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart fährt das Steuergerät ein erhöhtes Ladedruck-Ziel am A-Turbo, um das Katalysator-Aufheizen und die Kalt-Verbrennungsstabilität zu unterstützen. Der tatsächliche Ladedruck erreicht das Kaltstart-Ziel nicht - meist hängt das Wastegate oder der VGT-Steller im kalten Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_a",
        "wastegate_a",
        "vgt_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_sticking_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator sticking when cold",
            "de": "Stellglied klemmt im kalten Zustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P056F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Turbocharger Boost Control B Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Turbolader-Ladedruckregelung B - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start the ECU runs an elevated boost target on the A turbo to support catalyst heat-up and cold-running combustion stability. The actual boost does not reach the cold-start target - typically a wastegate or VGT actuator sticking when cold.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart fährt das Steuergerät ein erhöhtes Ladedruck-Ziel am A-Turbo, um das Katalysator-Aufheizen und die Kalt-Verbrennungsstabilität zu unterstützen. Der tatsächliche Ladedruck erreicht das Kaltstart-Ziel nicht - meist hängt das Wastegate oder der VGT-Steller im kalten Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b",
        "wastegate_b",
        "vgt_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_sticking_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator sticking when cold",
            "de": "Stellglied klemmt im kalten Zustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0570",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Accel Signal Malfunction",
        "de": "Tempomat Beschleunigungssignal Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cruise control accelerate input signal is implausible — switch contacts welded, wiring fault, or stalk defect. The ECU disables cruise control to prevent unintended acceleration.",
        "de": "Das Beschleunigungssignal des Tempomaten ist unplausibel — verschweißte Schalterkontakte, Kabelfehler oder defekter Lenkstockschalter. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert den Tempomat, um unbeabsichtigte Beschleunigung zu verhindern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_switch",
        "cruise_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cruise_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cruise switch contacts faulty",
            "de": "Tempomatschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cruise_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0571",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Switch \"A\" Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Bremslichtschalter \"A\" Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake light switch signal seen by the ECU is implausible — for example, both contacts active simultaneously, or no signal change despite the brake pedal being pressed (cruise control engages and disengages on this signal). On many cars also disables shift interlock.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Bremslichtschalters am Steuergerät ist unplausibel — z. B. beide Kontakte gleichzeitig aktiv oder kein Signalwechsel beim Treten des Pedals (der Tempomat reagiert auf dieses Signal). Auf vielen Fahrzeugen blockiert das zusätzlich die Wähl-/Schaltsperre."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_light_switch",
        "brake_light_switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake switch failed (worn contacts, internal break)",
            "de": "Bremslichtschalter defekt (verschlissene Kontakte, interner Bruch)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch misadjusted (does not actuate at correct pedal position)",
            "de": "Schalter falsch eingestellt (löst bei falscher Pedalstellung aus)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_switch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0572",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control/Brake Switch B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tempomat-/Bremsschalter B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake switch B input used by the cruise control system reads below the lower diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Der vom Tempomatsystem genutzte Bremsschalter-B-Eingang liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_switch",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake switch defective",
            "de": "Bremsschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0571",
        "P0573"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0573",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control/Brake Switch B Circuit High",
        "de": "Tempomat-/Bremsschalter B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake switch B input used by the cruise control system reads below the lower diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Der vom Tempomatsystem genutzte Bremsschalter-B-Eingang liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_switch",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake switch defective",
            "de": "Bremsschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0571",
        "P0572"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0574",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control System Vehicle Speed Too High",
        "de": "Tempomat - Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cruise control sees actual vehicle speed exceed the set-speed by more than the diagnostic margin (typically going downhill or with throttle override). Persistent oversize means the system cannot bring speed down - either an actuator fault, brake-blending failure, or driver kick-down stuck.",
        "de": "Der Tempomat erkennt, dass die tatsächliche Geschwindigkeit den Sollwert um mehr als die zulässige Toleranz überschreitet (typisch bergab oder bei Gaspedal-Übersteuern). Bleibt die Abweichung bestehen, kann das System die Geschwindigkeit nicht zurückregeln - Aktorfehler, Bremsblending-Ausfall oder hängendes Kickdown."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_servo",
        "brake_blending"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "servo_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cruise servo stuck driving throttle",
            "de": "Tempomatservo hält Gas offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0575",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Input Circuit",
        "de": "Tempomat-Eingangskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on a cruise control input that is not specifically multiplexed - typically the dedicated set/resume button input.",
        "de": "An einem nicht-multiplexten Tempomat-Eingang wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - meist der dedizierte Set/Resume-Tastereingang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_input_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0576",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Input Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tempomat-Eingangskreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0575 with the input voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0575, mit Eingangsspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_input_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input shorted to ground",
            "de": "Eingang mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0577",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Input Circuit High",
        "de": "Tempomat-Eingangskreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0575 with the input voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0575, mit Eingangsspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_input_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input shorted to supply",
            "de": "Eingang mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0578",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input A Circuit Stuck",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang A Stromkreis - hängt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The multi-function cruise input A has stayed in one of its discrete levels longer than any plausible button hold - the input is stuck.",
        "de": "Der Multifunktions-Eingang A des Tempomaten verharrt länger als jeder plausible Tastendruck auf einem seiner diskreten Pegel - der Eingang hängt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "button_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stalk button mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Lenkstocktaste mechanisch gedrückt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0579",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input A Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang A Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0564 with the analogue level inside the plausible range yet not matching any of the calibrated button levels - resistor ladder drifted, contact resistance increased, or wrong stalk module fitted.",
        "de": "Wie P0564, mit Analogpegel im plausiblen Bereich, aber ohne Treffer auf eine der kalibrierten Tastenebenen - Widerstandsleiter mit Drift, erhöhte Übergangswiderstände oder falsches Lenkstockmodul verbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "resistor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Resistor ladder drifted",
            "de": "Widerstandsleiter mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P057A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Open",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensor A Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake pedal position sensor A has an open control circuit. The ECU loses analogue feedback about pedal travel - used by stop-start, regenerative braking and adaptive cruise to coordinate engine, motor and friction brakes.",
        "de": "Der Bremspedal-Lagesensor A hat eine Unterbrechung im Stromkreis. Das Steuergerät verliert die analoge Rückmeldung über den Pedalweg - die Stop-Start, Rekuperation und Abstandsregeltempomat zur Abstimmung von Motor, Antrieb und Reibbremsen brauchen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P057B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensor A Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P057A with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the brake-light switch state - typical for a sensor offset against pedal travel or a worn potentiometer track.",
        "de": "Wie P057A, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Bremslichtschalter passt - typisch für einen Offset gegenüber dem Pedalweg oder eine verschlissene Potentiometerbahn."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "track_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Potentiometer track worn",
            "de": "Potentiometerbahn verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P057C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensor A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P057A with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P057A, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P057D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensor A Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P057A with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P057A, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P057E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensor A Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P057A with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P057A, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_a",
        "brake_pedal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P057F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery A State of Charge Performance",
        "de": "Batterie A Ladezustand - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery monitor reports a State of Charge (SoC) value that does not match the rest-voltage and current pattern - typically a battery near end of life, sulfation, or a deep discharge that the SoC algorithm has not converged on.",
        "de": "Der Batteriewächter meldet einen Ladezustand (SoC), der nicht zum Ruhespannungs- und Strommuster passt - meist eine Batterie am Lebensende, Sulfatierung oder eine Tiefentladung, auf die der SoC-Algorithmus nicht konvergiert ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_a",
        "battery_monitor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery aged or sulfated",
            "de": "Batterie gealtert oder sulfatiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0580",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0564 with the analogue input voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0564, mit Analog-Eingangsspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0581",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input A Circuit High",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang A Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0564 with the analogue input voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0564, mit Analog-Eingangsspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0582",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Vacuum Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Tempomat Vakuum-Stellsteuerung Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vacuum-control solenoid of a vacuum-driven cruise servo (older systems) has an open control circuit - the servo cannot pull the throttle.",
        "de": "Das Vakuum-Stellventil eines vakuumgetriebenen Tempomatservos (ältere Systeme) hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis - der Servo kann das Gas nicht ziehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_vacuum_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Magnetventil oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0583",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Vacuum Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tempomat Vakuum-Stellsteuerung Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0582 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P0582, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_vacuum_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0584",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Vacuum Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Tempomat Vakuum-Stellsteuerung Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0582 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P0582, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_vacuum_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0585",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input A and B Correlation",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang A und B - Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cruise control uses two redundant multiplexed inputs (A and B) for safety. The two inputs do not agree - one reports a button press the other does not, or both report incompatible levels at the same time.",
        "de": "Der Tempomat nutzt zwei redundante gemultiplexte Eingänge (A und B) zur Absicherung. Die beiden Eingänge stimmen nicht überein - einer meldet einen Tastendruck, der andere nicht, oder beide melden gleichzeitig nicht zueinander passende Pegel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk",
        "cruise_input_b_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stalk_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stalk module ageing - drift between A and B",
            "de": "Lenkstockmodul gealtert - Drift zwischen A und B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0586",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Vent Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Tempomat Belüftungsventil Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vent solenoid of a vacuum-driven cruise servo - which releases vacuum to drop throttle - has an open control circuit. The servo cannot release vacuum, so cruise speed cannot be reduced.",
        "de": "Das Belüftungsventil des vakuumgetriebenen Tempomatservos - das durch Belüften den Servo entlastet und das Gas zurückgehen lässt - hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis. Der Servo kann nicht belüftet werden, die Tempomat-Geschwindigkeit lässt sich nicht senken."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_vent_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Magnetventil oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0587",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Vent Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tempomat Belüftungsventil Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0586 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P0586, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_vent_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0588",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Vent Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Tempomat Belüftungsventil Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0586 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P0586, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_vent_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0589",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input B Circuit",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the multi-function cruise control input A - the multiplexed input that carries multiple stalk button states (set, resume, cancel, accelerate, coast) on a single analogue line.",
        "de": "An dem Multifunktions-Eingang A des Tempomaten wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - das ist der gemultiplexte Eingang, der mehrere Lenkstockschalter-Zustände (Set, Resume, Cancel, Accelerate, Coast) über eine einzelne Analogleitung führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk",
        "cruise_input_b_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in stalk switch or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Lenkstockschalter oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P058A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Monitor Module Performance",
        "de": "Batteriewächter-Modul - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery monitor module is electrically intact but does not deliver plausible measurements - typical for a sensor offset, watchdog event in the module, or a wiring loop that introduces noise on the current measurement.",
        "de": "Das Batteriewächter-Modul ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber keine plausiblen Messwerte - typisch für Sensor-Offset, Watchdog-Resets im Modul oder Kabelschleifen, die das Strommesssignal verrauschen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_monitor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module reads with drift",
            "de": "Modul misst mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P058B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Monitor Module Current Monitoring Performance",
        "de": "Batteriewächter-Modul Strommessung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery monitor module is electrically intact but does not deliver plausible measurements - typical for a sensor offset, watchdog event in the module, or a wiring loop that introduces noise on the current measurement.",
        "de": "Das Batteriewächter-Modul ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber keine plausiblen Messwerte - typisch für Sensor-Offset, Watchdog-Resets im Modul oder Kabelschleifen, die das Strommesssignal verrauschen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_monitor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shunt_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shunt offset",
            "de": "Shunt mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P058C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Monitor Module Temperature Monitoring Performance",
        "de": "Batteriewächter-Modul Temperaturmessung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery monitor module is electrically intact but does not deliver plausible measurements - typical for a sensor offset, watchdog event in the module, or a wiring loop that introduces noise on the current measurement.",
        "de": "Das Batteriewächter-Modul ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber keine plausiblen Messwerte - typisch für Sensor-Offset, Watchdog-Resets im Modul oder Kabelschleifen, die das Strommesssignal verrauschen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_monitor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "temp_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor drift",
            "de": "Temperaturfühler mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P058D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Monitor Module Voltage Monitoring Performance",
        "de": "Batteriewächter-Modul Spannungsmessung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery monitor module is electrically intact but does not deliver plausible measurements - typical for a sensor offset, watchdog event in the module, or a wiring loop that introduces noise on the current measurement.",
        "de": "Das Batteriewächter-Modul ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber keine plausiblen Messwerte - typisch für Sensor-Offset, Watchdog-Resets im Modul oder Kabelschleifen, die das Strommesssignal verrauschen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_monitor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage measurement drift",
            "de": "Spannungsmessung mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P058E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Monitor Module Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Batteriewächter-Modul Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery monitor module measures battery temperature above the safe upper threshold - charging is derated or stopped to prevent thermal runaway. Causes are heat soak from a hot engine bay, hard charging on a depleted battery, or a faulty sensor.",
        "de": "Das Batteriewächter-Modul misst eine Batterietemperatur oberhalb des sicheren Schwellwerts - die Ladung wird gedrosselt oder gestoppt, um einen thermischen Durchgang zu vermeiden. Ursachen sind Hitzeeintrag aus dem Motorraum, hartes Laden einer entladenen Batterie oder ein defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_monitor_module",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heat_soak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heat soak from engine bay",
            "de": "Hitzeeintrag aus dem Motorraum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P058F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Monitor Module Temperature Too Low",
        "de": "Batteriewächter-Modul Temperatur zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P058E with the temperature below the safe lower threshold - charging current is reduced to prevent damage to a frozen battery.",
        "de": "Wie P058E, mit Temperatur unter dem sicheren unteren Schwellwert - der Ladestrom wird reduziert, um eine eingefrorene Batterie zu schonen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_monitor_module",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature very low",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur sehr niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0590",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input B Circuit Stuck",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang B Stromkreis - hängt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The multi-function cruise input A has stayed in one of its discrete levels longer than any plausible button hold - the input is stuck.",
        "de": "Der Multifunktions-Eingang A des Tempomaten verharrt länger als jeder plausible Tastendruck auf einem seiner diskreten Pegel - der Eingang hängt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "button_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stalk button mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Lenkstocktaste mechanisch gedrückt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0591",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input B Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang B Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0579 on input B.",
        "de": "Wie P0579, am Eingang B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "resistor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Resistor ladder drifted",
            "de": "Widerstandsleiter mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0592",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0580 on input B.",
        "de": "Wie P0580, am Eingang B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0593",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Multi-Function Input B Circuit High",
        "de": "Tempomat Multifunktions-Eingang B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0581 on input B.",
        "de": "Wie P0581, am Eingang B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_stalk"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0594",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Servo Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Tempomat Stellgliedansteuerung Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The servo motor that drives the cruise control throttle actuator has an open control circuit. The ECU cannot drive the servo - cruise control is unavailable.",
        "de": "Der Servomotor, der den Tempomat-Drosselsteller bewegt, hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis. Das Steuergerät kann den Servo nicht ansteuern - der Tempomat steht nicht zur Verfügung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_servo"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in motor or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Motor oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0595",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Servo Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tempomat Stellgliedansteuerung Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0594 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P0594, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_servo"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0596",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Servo Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Tempomat Stellgliedansteuerung Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0594 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P0594, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_servo"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0597",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Thermostat Heater Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Thermostat-Heizung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The map-controlled thermostat - electrically heated to lower its opening temperature on demand for emissions or torque mapping - has an open control circuit. The ECU loses the ability to override coolant flow timing.",
        "de": "Der kennfeldgesteuerte Thermostat - der elektrisch erwärmt wird, um seine Öffnungstemperatur bedarfsabhängig (Emission, Lastkennfeld) zu senken - hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis. Das Steuergerät verliert die Möglichkeit, den Kühlmitteldurchfluss zu übersteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_thermostat_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater element or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Heizelement oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0598",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Thermostat Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Thermostat-Heizung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0597 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P0597, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_thermostat_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0599",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Thermostat Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Thermostat-Heizung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0597 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P0597, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_thermostat_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P059A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Lagesensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the position sensor of active grille air shutter A. The shutter (electrically actuated grille flap) opens or closes the radiator inlet for aerodynamics and warm-up control; without position feedback the ECU cannot control its angle.",
        "de": "An dem Lagesensor der aktiven Kühlerklappe A wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Die Klappe (elektrisch gestellte Lufteinlasslamellen) öffnet oder schliesst den Kühlereintritt zur Aerodynamik- und Warmlauf-Steuerung; ohne Lagerückmeldung kann das Steuergerät den Winkel nicht regeln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_a",
        "active_grille_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P059B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Position Sensor Range or Performance",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Lagesensor - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P059A with feedback in plausible range yet not matching the commanded angle.",
        "de": "Wie P059A, mit Rückmeldung im plausiblen Bereich, die aber nicht zum Stellbefehl passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal offset",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P059C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Lagesensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P059A with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P059A, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P059D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Lagesensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P059A with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P059A, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P059E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Lagesensor Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P059A with intermittent signal.",
        "de": "Wie P059A, mit aussetzendem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_a",
        "active_grille_wiring_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P059F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Performance Stuck Off",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A - Funktion - hängt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active grille shutter A does not move when commanded - typically jammed by debris, ice, broken linkage, or a seized actuator.",
        "de": "Die aktive Kühlerklappe A bewegt sich auf Befehl nicht - meist durch Schmutz, Eis, gebrochene Mechanik oder festsitzendes Stellglied blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_a",
        "active_grille_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shutter_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutter jammed by debris or ice",
            "de": "Klappe durch Schmutz oder Eis blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Stuck On",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A - hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P059F with the shutter A stuck in the open or active position - typically broken return spring or seized linkage.",
        "de": "Wie P059F, mit Klappe A in offener oder aktivierter Position fest - meist gebrochene Rückstellfeder oder festsitzende Mechanik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spring_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return spring broken",
            "de": "Rückstellfeder gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Position Sensor Minimum or Maximum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Lagesensor Min/Max-Anschlag - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During the calibration drive the position sensor of shutter A does not reach one of its mechanical end stops as expected - actuator slipping, linkage worn, or stop sensor offset.",
        "de": "Beim Kalibrierlauf erreicht der Lagesensor der Klappe A einen der mechanischen Endanschläge nicht wie erwartet - Stellglied rutscht, Mechanik verschlissen oder Sensor mit Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_a",
        "active_grille_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "linkage_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage worn or slipping",
            "de": "Mechanik verschlissen oder rutscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit driving the actuator of shutter A is open - the ECU cannot move the shutter.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis für das Stellglied der Klappe A ist unterbrochen - das Steuergerät kann die Klappe nicht bewegen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_a",
        "active_grille_wiring_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Stellglied oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Control Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Steuerkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A2 with electrical drive intact but the shutter response not matching the commanded movement - actuator slow or weak.",
        "de": "Wie P05A2, mit elektrisch intakter Ansteuerung, aber Klappenbewegung passt nicht zum Stellbefehl - Stellglied langsam oder schwach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response weak",
            "de": "Stellglied reagiert schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A2 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P05A2, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A2 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P05A2, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Supply Voltage Circuit Open",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Versorgung Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply line that powers the shutter A actuator is open - typically a blown fuse, a failed supply relay, or a broken supply wire.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsleitung des Stellglieds für die Klappe A ist unterbrochen - meist eine ausgelöste Sicherung, ein defektes Versorgungsrelais oder ein gerissenes Zuleiterkabel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_a",
        "active_grille_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung ausgelöst"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Versorgung Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A6 with supply voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P05A6, mit Versorgungsspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_a",
        "active_grille_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter A Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe A Versorgung Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A6 with supply voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P05A6, mit Versorgungsspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage above design range",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung oberhalb des Auslegungsbereichs"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Lagesensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the position sensor of active grille air shutter A. The shutter (electrically actuated grille flap) opens or closes the radiator inlet for aerodynamics and warm-up control; without position feedback the ECU cannot control its angle.",
        "de": "An dem Lagesensor der aktiven Kühlerklappe A wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Die Klappe (elektrisch gestellte Lufteinlasslamellen) öffnet oder schliesst den Kühlereintritt zur Aerodynamik- und Warmlauf-Steuerung; ohne Lagerückmeldung kann das Steuergerät den Winkel nicht regeln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Position Sensor Range or Performance",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Lagesensor - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P059B on shutter B.",
        "de": "Wie P059B, an Klappe B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal offset",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Lagesensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P059C on shutter B.",
        "de": "Wie P059C, an Klappe B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Lagesensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P059D on shutter B.",
        "de": "Wie P059D, an Klappe B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Lagesensor Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P059E on shutter B.",
        "de": "Wie P059E, an Klappe B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_b",
        "active_grille_wiring_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Performance Stuck Off",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B - Funktion - hängt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active grille shutter A does not move when commanded - typically jammed by debris, ice, broken linkage, or a seized actuator.",
        "de": "Die aktive Kühlerklappe A bewegt sich auf Befehl nicht - meist durch Schmutz, Eis, gebrochene Mechanik oder festsitzendes Stellglied blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_b",
        "active_grille_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shutter_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutter jammed by debris or ice",
            "de": "Klappe durch Schmutz oder Eis blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Stuck On",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B - hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A0 on shutter B.",
        "de": "Wie P05A0, an Klappe B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spring_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return spring broken",
            "de": "Rückstellfeder gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Position Sensor Minimum or Maximum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Lagesensor Min/Max-Anschlag - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During the calibration drive the position sensor of shutter A does not reach one of its mechanical end stops as expected - actuator slipping, linkage worn, or stop sensor offset.",
        "de": "Beim Kalibrierlauf erreicht der Lagesensor der Klappe A einen der mechanischen Endanschläge nicht wie erwartet - Stellglied rutscht, Mechanik verschlissen oder Sensor mit Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_position_sensor_b",
        "active_grille_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "linkage_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage worn or slipping",
            "de": "Mechanik verschlissen oder rutscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit driving the actuator of shutter A is open - the ECU cannot move the shutter.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis für das Stellglied der Klappe A ist unterbrochen - das Steuergerät kann die Klappe nicht bewegen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Stellglied oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Control Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Steuerkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A3 on shutter B.",
        "de": "Wie P05A3, an Klappe B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response weak",
            "de": "Stellglied reagiert schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A4 on shutter B.",
        "de": "Wie P05A4, an Klappe B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A5 on shutter B.",
        "de": "Wie P05A5, an Klappe B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Supply Voltage Circuit Open",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Versorgung Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply line that powers the shutter A actuator is open - typically a blown fuse, a failed supply relay, or a broken supply wire.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsleitung des Stellglieds für die Klappe A ist unterbrochen - meist eine ausgelöste Sicherung, ein defektes Versorgungsrelais oder ein gerissenes Zuleiterkabel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_b",
        "active_grille_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung ausgelöst"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Versorgung Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A7 on shutter B.",
        "de": "Wie P05A7, an Klappe B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter B Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe B Versorgung Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05A8 on shutter B.",
        "de": "Wie P05A8, an Klappe B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage above design range",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung oberhalb des Auslegungsbereichs"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Restraint Deployment Signal Circuit Open",
        "de": "Rückhaltesystem-Auslösesignal Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signal line that the restraint control module uses to inform the engine ECU about a deployment event has an open circuit. The ECU cannot run its post-crash strategy (fuel cutoff, hazard lights, unlock) automatically on impact.",
        "de": "Die Signalleitung, über die das Steuergerät der Rückhaltesysteme dem Motorsteuergerät einen Auslösefall meldet, hat eine Unterbrechung. Das Steuergerät kann seine Crash-Strategie (Kraftstoffabschaltung, Warnblinker, Entriegelung) bei einem Aufprall nicht automatisch ausführen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraint_control_module",
        "restraint_signal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Restraint Deployment Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Rückhaltesystem-Auslösesignal Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05B8 with the signal shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P05B8, mit Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraint_signal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Restraint Deployment Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Rückhaltesystem-Auslösesignal Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05B8 with the signal shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P05B8, mit Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraint_signal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Restraints Deployed",
        "de": "Rückhaltesysteme ausgelöst"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The restraint control module reports that one or more airbag or pretensioner stages have been deployed. The engine ECU latches this and runs the crash strategy - fuel cutoff, hazard lights, unlock central locking, disable cruise. The code can only be cleared after the restraint module is reset (typically requires module replacement).",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät der Rückhaltesysteme meldet, dass mindestens eine Airbag- oder Gurtstraffer-Stufe ausgelöst wurde. Das Motorsteuergerät verriegelt diesen Zustand und fährt die Crash-Strategie - Kraftstoffabschaltung, Warnblinker, Zentralverriegelung öffnen, Tempomat sperren. Der Code lässt sich erst löschen, nachdem das Rückhaltesteuergerät zurückgesetzt wurde (meist Modulwechsel nötig)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraint_control_module",
        "airbag",
        "seat_belt_pretensioner"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deployed_after_crash",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deployed after a crash event",
            "de": "Auslösung nach einem Unfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          6000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          15
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stop-Start Mode Switch Circuit Open",
        "de": "Start-Stopp-Modusschalter Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver-controlled switch that disables stop-start has an open control circuit - the ECU cannot read the driver preference and falls back to the default mode.",
        "de": "Der vom Fahrer betätigte Schalter zur Deaktivierung von Start-Stopp hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis - das Steuergerät kann den Fahrerwunsch nicht auslesen und nutzt den Standardmodus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stop_start_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stop-Start Mode Switch Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Start-Stopp-Modusschalter Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05BC with the input in plausible range yet not matching the expected toggle behaviour - typically a worn switch contact.",
        "de": "Wie P05BC, mit Eingang im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zum Schaltverhalten passt - meist verschlissener Schalterkontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stop_start_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contact resistance drifted",
            "de": "Kontaktwiderstand mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stop-Start Mode Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Start-Stopp-Modusschalter Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05BC with the signal shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P05BC, mit Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stop_start_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stop-Start Mode Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Start-Stopp-Modusschalter Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05BC with the signal shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P05BC, mit Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stop_start_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter Module A Over Temperature",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe Modul A - Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control electronics in the shutter A module report excessive operating temperature - typically heat soak from the engine bay or a stuck shutter that draws excessive motor current.",
        "de": "Die Steuerelektronik im Modul der Klappe A meldet Übertemperatur - meist Hitzeeintrag aus dem Motorraum oder ein klemmendes Stellglied, das einen erhöhten Motorstrom zieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor overloaded by jammed shutter",
            "de": "Motor durch blockierte Klappe überlastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter Module B Over Temperature",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe Modul B - Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control electronics in the shutter A module report excessive operating temperature - typically heat soak from the engine bay or a stuck shutter that draws excessive motor current.",
        "de": "Die Steuerelektronik im Modul der Klappe A meldet Übertemperatur - meist Hitzeeintrag aus dem Motorraum oder ein klemmendes Stellglied, das einen erhöhten Motorstrom zieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor overloaded by jammed shutter",
            "de": "Motor durch blockierte Klappe überlastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteldruck-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the engine coolant pressure sensor - used to detect a pressurised coolant system that has lost pressure (cap, hose, head gasket leak) or is over-pressurised (combustion gases entering coolant).",
        "de": "An dem Motorkühlmitteldruck-Sensor wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - zur Erkennung eines druckverlustigen Kühlsystems (Deckel, Schlauch, Kopfdichtung) oder einer Überdrucksituation (Verbrennungsgase im Kühlmittel)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pressure Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteldruck-Sensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05C2 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the expected pressure profile.",
        "de": "Wie P05C2, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum erwarteten Druckverlauf passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteldruck-Sensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05C2 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P05C2, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteldruck-Sensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05C2 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P05C2, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteldruck-Sensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05C2 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P05C2, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pressure_sensor",
        "coolant_pressure_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Economy Mode Switch Circuit Open",
        "de": "Eco-Modus-Schalter Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The economy-mode (ECO) switch input has an open circuit. The ECU cannot read whether the driver requested fuel-saving mode (changes throttle map, transmission shift points, climate strategy).",
        "de": "Der Eingang für den Eco-Modus-Schalter hat eine Unterbrechung im Stromkreis. Das Steuergerät kann nicht erkennen, ob der Fahrer den spritsparenden Modus angefordert hat (verändert Pedalkennlinie, Schaltpunkte und Klimastrategie)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "economy_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Economy Mode Switch Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Eco-Modus-Schalter Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05C7 with the input in plausible range yet not matching expected behaviour.",
        "de": "Wie P05C7, mit Eingang im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zum erwarteten Verhalten passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "economy_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contact resistance drifted",
            "de": "Kontaktwiderstand mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Economy Mode Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Eco-Modus-Schalter Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05C7 with the signal shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P05C7, mit Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "economy_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Economy Mode Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Eco-Modus-Schalter Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05C7 with the signal shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P05C7, mit Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "economy_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Hardware Incompatibility",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Hardware nicht kompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects that one or more connected modules report a hardware variant or part number that is not compatible with the current ECU calibration. Typically appears after replacing a part with the wrong revision or after a software update without matching hardware.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass ein angeschlossenes Modul eine Hardware-Variante oder Teilenummer meldet, die nicht zur aktuellen Steuergerät-Kalibrierung passt. Tritt meist nach Tausch eines Teils in falscher Variante oder nach einem Software-Update ohne passende Hardware auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_configuration",
        "hardware_variant"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part_revision",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement part has wrong revision",
            "de": "Ersatzteil hat falsche Revision"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start A Camshaft Position Timing Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle A Position - Funktion Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General cold-start performance fault on the A camshaft phaser of bank 1 - the phaser is not delivering the calibrated cold-start position within the allowed time.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Kaltstart-Funktionsfehler am A-Nockenwellenphaser der Bank 1 - der Phaser erreicht die kalibrierte Kaltstart-Position nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b1",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser slow due to oil viscosity or wear",
            "de": "Phaser träge durch Ölviskosität oder Verschleiss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start A Camshaft Position Timing Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle A Position - Funktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General cold-start performance fault on the A camshaft phaser of bank 2 - the phaser is not delivering the calibrated cold-start position within the allowed time.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Kaltstart-Funktionsfehler am A-Nockenwellenphaser der Bank 2 - der Phaser erreicht die kalibrierte Kaltstart-Position nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser slow due to oil viscosity or wear",
            "de": "Phaser träge durch Ölviskosität oder Verschleiss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start B Camshaft Position Timing Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle B Position - Funktion Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General cold-start performance fault on the A camshaft phaser of bank 1 - the phaser is not delivering the calibrated cold-start position within the allowed time.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Kaltstart-Funktionsfehler am A-Nockenwellenphaser der Bank 1 - der Phaser erreicht die kalibrierte Kaltstart-Position nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser slow due to oil viscosity or wear",
            "de": "Phaser träge durch Ölviskosität oder Verschleiss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start B Camshaft Position Timing Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart - Nockenwelle B Position - Funktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General cold-start performance fault on the A camshaft phaser of bank 2 - the phaser is not delivering the calibrated cold-start position within the allowed time.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Kaltstart-Funktionsfehler am A-Nockenwellenphaser der Bank 2 - der Phaser erreicht die kalibrierte Kaltstart-Position nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phaser slow due to oil viscosity or wear",
            "de": "Phaser träge durch Ölviskosität oder Verschleiss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Mode Select Switch A Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrmodus-Wählschalter A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the driver mode select switch A - the switch with which the driver picks Sport, Comfort, Sand, Snow, etc. The ECU cannot read which mode the driver wants.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Fahrmodus-Wählschalter A - dem Schalter, mit dem der Fahrer Modi wie Sport, Comfort, Sand, Snow auswählt. Das Steuergerät kann den Fahrer-Wunsch nicht lesen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_mode_switch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Mode Select Switch A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Fahrmodus-Wählschalter A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05D0 with the signal shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P05D0, mit Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_mode_switch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Mode Select Switch A Circuit High",
        "de": "Fahrmodus-Wählschalter A Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05D0 with the signal shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P05D0, mit Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_mode_switch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Mode Select Switch A Range or Performance",
        "de": "Fahrmodus-Wählschalter A - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05D0 with the input in plausible range yet not matching the expected mode pattern - typically a worn switch or analog encoder drift.",
        "de": "Wie P05D0, mit Eingang im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zum erwarteten Modus-Muster passt - meist verschlissener Schalter oder Drift im Analogencoder."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_mode_switch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "encoder_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Encoder or contact drift",
            "de": "Encoder- oder Kontakt-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Mode Select Switch B Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrmodus-Wählschalter B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the driver mode select switch A - the switch with which the driver picks Sport, Comfort, Sand, Snow, etc. The ECU cannot read which mode the driver wants.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Fahrmodus-Wählschalter A - dem Schalter, mit dem der Fahrer Modi wie Sport, Comfort, Sand, Snow auswählt. Das Steuergerät kann den Fahrer-Wunsch nicht lesen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_mode_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Mode Select Switch B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Fahrmodus-Wählschalter B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05D1 on switch B.",
        "de": "Wie P05D1, an Schalter B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_mode_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Mode Select Switch B Circuit High",
        "de": "Fahrmodus-Wählschalter B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05D2 on switch B.",
        "de": "Wie P05D2, an Schalter B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_mode_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Mode Select Switch B Range or Performance",
        "de": "Fahrmodus-Wählschalter B - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05D3 on switch B.",
        "de": "Wie P05D3, an Schalter B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_mode_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "encoder_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Encoder or contact drift",
            "de": "Encoder- oder Kontakt-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Regulator Valve Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "PCV-Regelventil Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the electrically actuated PCV regulator valve has an open circuit. The ECU cannot adjust crankcase ventilation flow against engine load - typically affects emissions and oil consumption under high load.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des elektrisch betätigten PCV-Regelventils ist unterbrochen. Das Steuergerät kann den Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftungsstrom nicht lastabhängig regeln - beeinträchtigt typischerweise Emissionen und Ölverbrauch unter Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_regulator_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Regulator Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "PCV-Regelventil Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05D8 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P05D8, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_regulator_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Regulator Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "PCV-Regelventil Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05D8 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P05D8, mit Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_regulator_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor B Circuit Open",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensor B Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake pedal position sensor B has an open control circuit. The ECU loses analogue feedback about pedal travel - used by stop-start, regenerative braking and adaptive cruise to coordinate engine, motor and friction brakes.",
        "de": "Der Bremspedal-Lagesensor B hat eine Unterbrechung im Stromkreis. Das Steuergerät verliert die analoge Rückmeldung über den Pedalweg - die Stop-Start, Rekuperation und Abstandsregeltempomat zur Abstimmung von Motor, Antrieb und Reibbremsen brauchen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor B Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensor B Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P057B on sensor B.",
        "de": "Wie P057B, an Sensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "track_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Potentiometer track worn",
            "de": "Potentiometerbahn verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensor B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P057C on sensor B.",
        "de": "Wie P057C, an Sensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensor B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P057D on sensor B.",
        "de": "Wie P057D, an Sensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor B Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensor B Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P057E on sensor B.",
        "de": "Wie P057E, an Sensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_b",
        "brake_pedal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position Sensor A and B Correlation",
        "de": "Bremspedal-Lagesensoren A und B - Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Brake-by-wire and electronic brake systems use two redundant pedal position sensors. Their readings disagree by more than the diagnostic tolerance - one or both has drifted, or wiring picks up noise on one channel.",
        "de": "Brake-by-Wire- und elektronische Bremssysteme nutzen zwei redundante Pedal-Lagesensoren. Die Signale weichen mehr als die Diagnose-Toleranz voneinander ab - einer oder beide haben Drift oder die Verkabelung holt sich Störungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_a",
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor has drifted out of tolerance",
            "de": "Ein Sensor weist Drift ausserhalb der Toleranz auf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor A Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemitteldrucksensor A Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-side refrigerant pressure sensor A reports intermittent or erratic signal - typically a connector or harness fault on the sensor that lives close to the compressor.",
        "de": "Der hochdruckseitige Kältemitteldrucksensor A meldet ein aussetzendes oder erratisches Signal - meist Stecker- oder Kabelbaumfehler am kompressornahen Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor_a",
        "ac_pressure_wiring_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor B Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemitteldrucksensor B Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-side refrigerant pressure sensor B reports intermittent or erratic signal - typically a connector or harness fault on the sensor that lives close to the compressor.",
        "de": "Der hochdruckseitige Kältemitteldrucksensor B meldet ein aussetzendes oder erratisches Signal - meist Stecker- oder Kabelbaumfehler am kompressornahen Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor_b",
        "ac_pressure_wiring_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Sensor or Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Parkbremse Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The park brake apply switch or position sensor reports a circuit fault. The ECU loses the indication whether the parking brake is engaged - relevant for stop-start, hill-hold, and certain shift-interlock strategies.",
        "de": "Der Anzugsschalter oder Lagesensor der Parkbremse meldet einen Stromkreisfehler. Das Steuergerät verliert die Information, ob die Feststellbremse angezogen ist - relevant für Stop-Start, Berganfahrhilfe und bestimmte Schaltsperren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Sensor or Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Parkbremse Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05E3 with the signal shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P05E3, mit Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Sensor or Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Parkbremse Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05E3 with the signal shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P05E3, mit Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Sensor or Switch Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Parkbremse Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05E3 with input in plausible range yet not matching expected behaviour.",
        "de": "Wie P05E3, mit Eingang im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zum erwarteten Verhalten passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contact resistance drifted",
            "de": "Kontaktwiderstand mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Brake Sensor or Switch Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Parkbremse Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05E3 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P05E3, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_switch",
        "park_brake_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Bypass Valve Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Motoröl-Bypass-Ventil Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil bypass valve - which routes oil around the cooler to speed up warm-up - has an open control circuit. Without it, oil temperature rise during cold-start is slower than calibrated.",
        "de": "Das Öl-Bypass-Ventil - das Öl am Kühler vorbeiführt, um die Aufwärmung zu beschleunigen - hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis. Ohne es steigt die Öltemperatur beim Kaltstart langsamer als kalibriert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_bypass_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_cooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Bypass Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motoröl-Bypass-Ventil Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05E8 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P05E8, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_bypass_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_cooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Bypass Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motoröl-Bypass-Ventil Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05E8 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P05E8, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_bypass_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_cooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start SCR NOx Catalyst Inlet Temperature Too Low",
        "de": "Kaltstart SCR-NOx-Katalysator Eingangstemperatur zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P22FF but specifically during the cold-start window - the SCR catalyst inlet temperature does not reach the threshold needed for NOx reduction in the cold-start phase, so reductant injection cannot be enabled.",
        "de": "Wie P22FF, speziell während des Kaltstartfensters - die SCR-Katalysator-Eingangstemperatur erreicht in der Kaltstartphase nicht die Schwelle für NOx-Reduktion, weshalb die AdBlue-Einspritzung nicht freigegeben wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_inlet_temperature_sensor",
        "scr_catalyst",
        "exhaust_heat_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heat_strategy_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heat-up strategy not bringing exhaust to temp",
            "de": "Aufheizstrategie bringt Abgas nicht auf Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Injection Timing Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start the ECU adjusts injection timing (post-injection on diesels, intake-stroke timing on direct-injection petrols) to support catalyst light-off. The strategy does not deliver the expected timing - injector response slow or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart passt das Steuergerät den Einspritzzeitpunkt an (Nacheinspritzung beim Diesel, Saughub-Timing bei DI-Benzinern), um das Katalysator-Anspringen zu unterstützen. Die Strategie liefert nicht das erwartete Timing - Einspritzventile reagieren träge oder Sensoroffset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "cold_start_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_slow_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors slow when cold",
            "de": "Einspritzventile reagieren kalt langsam"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Control Module Supply Voltage",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant (AdBlue) heater control module - which warms tank, lines and injector to keep AdBlue from freezing - reports its supply voltage outside the calibrated window.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul der AdBlue-Heizung - das Tank, Leitungen und Injektor wärmt, damit die AdBlue-Lösung nicht einfriert - meldet seine Versorgungsspannung ausserhalb des kalibrierten Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump Supply Voltage Circuit Open",
        "de": "AdBlue-Pumpe Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply line that powers the AdBlue dosing pump is open. Without supply the pump cannot deliver reductant pressure - dosing is suspended and NOx emissions can drift out of compliance.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsleitung der AdBlue-Dosierpumpe ist unterbrochen. Ohne Versorgung kann die Pumpe keinen AdBlue-Druck aufbauen - die Dosierung wird ausgesetzt, NOx-Emissionen können aus dem Toleranzbereich laufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_pump_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply open or relay defective",
            "de": "Versorgung offen oder Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "AdBlue-Pumpe Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05EE with the supply voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P05EE, mit Versorgungsspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "AdBlue-Pumpe Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05EE with the supply voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P05EE, mit Versorgungsspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage above design range",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung oberhalb des Auslegungsbereichs"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump Supply Voltage Circuit Stuck On",
        "de": "AdBlue-Pumpe Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis - hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply relay or driver for the reductant pump is welded or stuck active - the pump runs continuously, even with the engine off, draining the battery and over-pressurising the dosing circuit.",
        "de": "Versorgungsrelais oder Treiber der AdBlue-Pumpe sind verschweißt oder aktiv hängend - die Pumpe läuft dauerhaft, auch bei abgestelltem Motor, entlädt die Batterie und überdrückt die Dosierleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply relay welded",
            "de": "Versorgungsrelais verschweißt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump Supply Voltage Circuit Stuck Off",
        "de": "AdBlue-Pumpe Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis - hängt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05EE with the supply stuck off - relay does not energise on command.",
        "de": "Wie P05EE, mit Versorgung dauerhaft aus - das Relais zieht auf Befehl nicht an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply relay does not engage",
            "de": "Versorgungsrelais zieht nicht an"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Power Relay Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Versorgungsrelais Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power relay that supplies the entire exhaust aftertreatment system (DOC, DPF, SCR sensors and heaters) reports an open control circuit. Aftertreatment effectively goes offline.",
        "de": "Das Versorgungsrelais der gesamten Abgasnachbehandlung (DOC, DPF, SCR-Sensoren und -Heizungen) meldet eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis. Die Nachbehandlung ist faktisch ausser Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in relay control or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Relaissteuerung oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Power Relay Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Versorgungsrelais Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05F3 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P05F3, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Power Relay Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Versorgungsrelais Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05F3 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P05F3, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Power Relay Control Circuit Stuck On",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Versorgungsrelais Steuerkreis - hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The aftertreatment power relay is stuck on - aftertreatment electronics stay powered after key-off, draining the battery.",
        "de": "Das Versorgungsrelais der Abgasnachbehandlung hängt ein - die Nachbehandlungselektronik bleibt nach Zündung-aus mit Strom versorgt und entlädt die Batterie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay welded closed",
            "de": "Relais verschweißt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Power Relay Control Circuit Stuck Off",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Versorgungsrelais Steuerkreis - hängt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05F3 with the relay not engaging on command.",
        "de": "Wie P05F3, mit Relais, das auf Befehl nicht anzieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay does not engage",
            "de": "Relais zieht nicht an"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Control Module Performance",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung Steuermodul - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant heater module is electrically intact but does not deliver the expected thermal effect - heater elements aged, supply line resistance, or thermostat sensor offset.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Heizungs-Steuermodul ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Heizeffekt - Heizelemente gealtert, Versorgungswiderstand oder Sensor-Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stop-Start Status Signal Circuit",
        "de": "Start-Stopp-Statussignal Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the stop-start status signal - the bus or hardwire that tells other modules whether the engine is auto-stopped or running.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Start-Stopp-Statussignal - der Bus- oder Hardwarekanal, der anderen Modulen mitteilt, ob der Motor automatisch gestoppt oder läuft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stop_start_status_signal"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stop-Start Status Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Start-Stopp-Statussignal Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05F9 with the signal shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P05F9, mit Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stop_start_status_signal"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stop-Start Status Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Start-Stopp-Statussignal Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P05F9 with the signal shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P05F9, mit Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stop_start_status_signal"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Pressure Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Kraftstoffdruck - Funktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start the ECU runs an elevated rail pressure on direct-injection systems for better cold spray atomisation. The pressure target on bank 2 is not reached within the calibrated time window - typical for a high-pressure pump that loses output when cold or a pressure regulator with cold-stickiness.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart fährt das Steuergerät bei Direkteinspritzern einen erhöhten Raildruck für besseres Kaltsprühbild. Der Drucksollwert an Bank 2 wird im kalibrierten Zeitfenster nicht erreicht - typisch für eine Hochdruckpumpe, die im kalten Zustand weniger fördert, oder einen Druckregler, der kalt klemmt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_pump_b2",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_b2",
        "fuel_rail_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_cold_low_output",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP pump output low when cold",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe fördert kalt zu wenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control A Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Turbolader-Ladedruckregelung A - Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The boost control actuator A reports excessive operating temperature - typically heat soak from the turbo housing, prolonged high-load operation, or insufficient cooling. Boost is derated to protect the actuator electronics.",
        "de": "Das Stellglied der Ladedruckregelung A meldet eine zu hohe Betriebstemperatur - meist Hitzeeintrag vom Turbogehäuse, anhaltender Hochlastbetrieb oder unzureichende Kühlung. Der Ladedruck wird zum Schutz der Aktorelektronik reduziert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_a_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heat_soak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heat soak from turbo housing",
            "de": "Hitzeeintrag aus dem Turbogehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter C Performance Stuck Off",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlerklappe C - Funktion - hängt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active grille shutter A does not move when commanded - typically jammed by debris, ice, broken linkage, or a seized actuator.",
        "de": "Die aktive Kühlerklappe A bewegt sich auf Befehl nicht - meist durch Schmutz, Eis, gebrochene Mechanik oder festsitzendes Stellglied blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shutter_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutter jammed by debris or ice",
            "de": "Klappe durch Schmutz oder Eis blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutters"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P05FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pressure Sensor and Brake Pedal Position Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor und Bremspedal-Lagesensor - Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The brake pressure sensor and pedal position sensor disagree by more than the diagnostic tolerance - one indicates pedal action without the other showing pressure, or vice versa.",
        "de": "Bremsdrucksensor und Pedal-Lagesensor weichen mehr als die Diagnose-Toleranz voneinander ab - der eine zeigt eine Pedalbetätigung ohne dass der andere Druckaufbau meldet, oder umgekehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_pressure_sensor",
        "brake_pedal_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset on one channel",
            "de": "Offset auf einem Kanal"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0600",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Serial Communication Link",
        "de": "Serielle Kommunikationsverbindung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault on a serial communication link - typically used by older single-wire diagnostic protocols (KWP2000, ISO 9141) before CAN became universal. ECU has lost or corrupted communication with another module.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler an einer seriellen Kommunikationsverbindung - typisch bei älteren Eindraht-Diagnoseprotokollen (KWP2000, ISO 9141) vor der flächendeckenden CAN-Einführung. Das Steuergerät hat die Verbindung zu einem anderen Modul verloren oder erhält gestörte Daten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "serial_communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault on bus line",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler auf der Busleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0601",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Memory Check Sum Error",
        "de": "Internes Steuergerät Speicher-Prüfsummenfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU's internal memory checksum does not match the expected value at startup — the firmware/calibration in flash has become corrupt. Often appears after a failed flash, low battery during programming, or genuine module hardware failure.",
        "de": "Die Prüfsumme des internen ECU-Speichers stimmt beim Start nicht — die Firmware/Kalibrierung im Flash ist korrupt. Tritt häufig nach einem fehlgeschlagenen Flash-Vorgang, niedriger Batteriespannung bei der Programmierung oder echtem Modulausfall auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_failed_flash",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed flash / interrupted programming",
            "de": "Fehlgeschlagener Flash / unterbrochene Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_hardware_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module hardware failure",
            "de": "Modul-Hardwarefehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0602",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Programming Error",
        "de": "Steuergerät Programmierungsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU is reporting that it is missing required calibration data — typically appears after a virgin module is installed but never coded/programmed for the vehicle, or after a flash that did not write all blocks.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung meldet fehlende Kalibrierungsdaten — typischerweise nach Einbau eines unprogrammierten Steuergeräts ohne Codierung oder nach einem Flash, der nicht alle Datenblöcke geschrieben hat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_not_coded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement ECU not coded to vehicle",
            "de": "Ersatz-Steuergerät nicht ans Fahrzeug codiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_partial_flash",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial / interrupted flash",
            "de": "Unvollständiger / unterbrochener Flash"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0603",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) Error",
        "de": "Steuergerät interner Keep-Alive-Speicher (KAM) Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected a fault in its KAM (battery-backed memory used to store adaptations and DTCs). Often appears after battery disconnect or low battery; persistent codes indicate an internal ECU fault.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler im KAM (batteriegestützter Speicher für Adaptionen und Fehlercodes). Tritt häufig nach Batterieabklemmen oder niedriger Batterie auf; dauerhafte Codes deuten auf einen Steuergeräte-Defekt hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_unit",
        "vehicle_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_low_or_disconnect",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery disconnected or voltage too low",
            "de": "Batterie abgeklemmt oder Spannung zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU internal memory fault",
            "de": "ECU-interner Speicherfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0604",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (RAM) Error",
        "de": "Steuergerät interner Arbeitsspeicher (RAM) Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU self-test detected a RAM fault during runtime checks. This is an internal ECU defect; replacement or reflash with manufacturer support is generally required.",
        "de": "Selbsttest der Motorsteuerung erkennt einen RAM-Fehler während des Laufzeit-Checks. Interner ECU-Defekt; Ersatz oder Neuprogrammierung mit Herstellerunterstützung ist üblicherweise erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecu_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU internal RAM fault",
            "de": "ECU-interner RAM-Defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0605",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Read Only Memory (ROM) Error",
        "de": "Steuergerät interner Festwertspeicher (ROM) Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU self-test detected a ROM/checksum failure on the program memory. The control software cannot be trusted; vehicle typically defaults to limp-home with reduced function.",
        "de": "Selbsttest der Motorsteuerung erkennt einen ROM-/Prüfsummenfehler im Programmspeicher. Die Steuerungssoftware ist nicht vertrauenswürdig; üblicherweise Notlauf mit eingeschränkter Funktion."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecu_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU internal ROM fault",
            "de": "ECU-interner ROM-Defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0606",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Processor Fault",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Prozessor-Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU's internal processor self-test has failed. This is a hard module fault — the ECU usually triggers limp-home mode and may not respond to scan tools fully until replaced or repaired.",
        "de": "Der interne Prozessor-Selbsttest der Motorsteuerung schlägt fehl. Harter Modulfehler — die Motorsteuerung schaltet üblicherweise in den Notlauf und antwortet bis zum Tausch oder zur Reparatur eventuell nicht mehr vollständig auf Diagnosegeräte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_processor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal processor or memory failure",
            "de": "Interner Prozessor- oder Speicherfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_water_damage",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress / corrosion in module",
            "de": "Wassereinbruch / Korrosion im Modul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0607",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM performs an internal self-test and detects a processor or memory performance fault that does not fit the more specific P0601 to P0606 codes.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät führt einen internen Selbsttest durch und erkennt einen Prozessor- oder Speicherfehler, der nicht den spezifischeren Codes P0601 bis P0606 entspricht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM internal performance fault",
            "de": "Interner Leistungsfehler im Steuergerät"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_supply_unstable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unstable supply voltage",
            "de": "Unstabile Versorgungsspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0601",
        "P0602",
        "P0603",
        "P0604",
        "P0605",
        "P0606"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0608",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module VSS Output A",
        "de": "Steuergerät VSS-Ausgang A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle speed signal output from the control module to other systems is faulty. Other modules expect a speed signal that the ECM no longer provides correctly.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitsausgang des Steuergeräts an andere Systeme ist fehlerhaft. Andere Module erwarten ein Geschwindigkeitssignal, das das Steuergerät nicht mehr korrekt liefert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm",
        "vehicle_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_output_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM output stage fault",
            "de": "Ausgangsstufe im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vss_signal_path_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal path to consumers faulty",
            "de": "Signalpfad zu Verbrauchern fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0500",
        "P0501",
        "P0607"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0609",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module VSS Output B",
        "de": "Steuermodul Geschwindigkeitsausgang B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected on the secondary vehicle speed signal output (VSS B) that the ECU sends to other modules (instrument cluster, ABS, transmission). Output level inconsistent with the internal speed value.",
        "de": "Am sekundären Geschwindigkeits-Ausgangssignal (VSS B), das das Steuergerät an andere Module (Kombiinstrument, ABS, Getriebe) sendet, wird ein Fehler erkannt. Der Ausgangspegel passt nicht zum internen Geschwindigkeitswert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module_vss_output_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "output_driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver fault",
            "de": "Treiberfehler am Ausgang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P060A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Monitoring Processor Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Überwachungsprozessor - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern ECUs have a separate watchdog or monitoring processor that supervises the main processor. This processor reports a self-diagnosis fault - typically a watchdog event, ROM/RAM mismatch, or check-sum error in its monitor section. The ECU runs in a safety-fallback mode until repair.",
        "de": "Moderne Steuergeräte verfügen über einen eigenen Überwachungs- oder Watchdog-Prozessor, der den Hauptprozessor überwacht. Dieser Prozessor meldet einen Selbsttestfehler - meist Watchdog-Auslösung, ROM/RAM-Diskrepanz oder Prüfsummenfehler im Überwachungsbereich. Das Steuergerät läuft bis zur Reparatur in einer Sicherheitsstrategie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_monitoring_processor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "monitor_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Monitor processor internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Überwachungsprozessor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P060B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module A and D Processing Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - A/D-Wandlung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU's analog-to-digital converter does not deliver consistent results - typically reference voltage drift, multiplexer fault, or noise on the analog ground.",
        "de": "Der Analog-Digital-Wandler des Steuergeräts liefert keine konsistenten Ergebnisse - meist Drift in der Referenzspannung, Multiplexer-Fehler oder Störungen auf der Analog-Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_adc"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adc_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ADC internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler des AD-Wandlers"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P060C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Main Processor Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Hauptprozessor - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU main processor self-diagnosis flagged a performance fault - watchdog, ROM check, or instruction-set self-test failed. Engine runs on safety strategy.",
        "de": "Der Hauptprozessor des Steuergeräts hat in der Selbstdiagnose einen Funktionsfehler markiert - Watchdog, ROM-Prüfung oder Selbsttest des Befehlssatzes haben angeschlagen. Der Motor läuft auf Sicherheitsstrategie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_main_processor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "processor_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Main processor internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Hauptprozessor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P060D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Accelerator Pedal Position Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Gaspedalposition - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P060E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Throttle Position Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Drosselklappenposition - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P060F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Coolant Temperature Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Kühlmitteltemperatur - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0610",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Vehicle Options Error",
        "de": "Steuergerät Fahrzeug-Optionen Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU's stored vehicle option configuration is invalid or does not match the connected hardware. Common after replacing or swapping a control module without proper coding/configuration.",
        "de": "Die im Steuergerät hinterlegte Fahrzeug-Optionskonfiguration ist ungültig oder passt nicht zur angeschlossenen Hardware. Häufig nach Tausch oder Austausch eines Steuergeräts ohne korrekte Codierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecu_coding_invalid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU coding/configuration invalid",
            "de": "Steuergeräte-Codierung ungültig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0611",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Einspritzventil-Steuermodul - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern direct-injection systems use a dedicated injector driver module that generates the high-voltage charge pulses needed to open piezo or solenoid injectors. The module reports an internal performance fault.",
        "de": "Moderne DI-Systeme nutzen ein eigenes Treibermodul für die Einspritzventile, das die Hochspannungs-Ladeimpulse zum Öffnen von Piezo- oder Magnetventilen erzeugt. Das Modul meldet einen internen Funktionsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Treibermodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0612",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Control Module Relay Control",
        "de": "Einspritzventil-Steuermodul Relaissteuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the relay that powers the injector driver module - either control line or contact integrity issue.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Relais, das das Einspritz-Treibermodul versorgt - Steuerleitung oder Kontaktintegrität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_control_module",
        "injector_module_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay control or contact fault",
            "de": "Fehler in Relaissteuerung oder -kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0613",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Processor",
        "de": "Getriebesteuergerät Prozessor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission control module performs an internal self-test and detects a processor performance fault.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät führt einen internen Selbsttest durch und erkennt einen Prozessorleistungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Getriebesteuergerät"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_supply_unstable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unstable supply voltage",
            "de": "Unstabile Versorgungsspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0700"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0614",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM and TCM Incompatible",
        "de": "Motorsteuergerät und Getriebesteuergerät - inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM and TCM exchange identification or calibration data over the powertrain bus and detect that they are not a valid pair - typically appears after replacing one of the modules with a unit from a different vehicle variant.",
        "de": "Motor- und Getriebesteuergerät tauschen über den Antriebsstrangbus Identifikations- oder Kalibrierdaten aus und stellen fest, dass sie nicht zueinander passen - tritt meist nach Tausch eines der Module gegen eine Einheit aus einer anderen Variante auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module",
        "transmission_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement part from wrong variant",
            "de": "Ersatzteil aus falscher Variante"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0615",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay Circuit",
        "de": "Anlasserrelais Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the starter relay control circuit driven by the ECU/PCM. Typical symptom is a no-crank or intermittent crank condition.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Steuerkreis des Anlasserrelais, das vom ECU/PCM angesteuert wird. Typisches Symptom — kein oder unregelmäßiger Anlassvorgang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay",
        "relay_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "starter_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Starter relay failed",
            "de": "Anlasserrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0616",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Anlasser-Relais A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for starter relay A is shorted to ground - the ECU drives the relay and measures voltage too low.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung des Anlasserrelais A ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen - das Steuergerät steuert das Relais an und misst eine zu niedrige Spannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0617",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay Circuit High",
        "de": "Anlasserrelais Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The starter relay control circuit voltage is above the upper threshold — short to supply or stuck driver.",
        "de": "Die Spannung im Steuerkreis des Anlasserrelais liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert — Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung oder dauerhaft aktive Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay",
        "relay_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "starter_relay_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Stromkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0615"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0618",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Control Module KAM Error",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Steuermodul - KAM-Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module for alternative fuel (CNG, LPG, hydrogen) reports a Keep-Alive-Memory error - persistent calibration values are corrupt or unreadable. Adaptive learning is reset.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul für Alternativkraftstoff (CNG, LPG, Wasserstoff) meldet einen Keep-Alive-Memory-Fehler - persistente Lern- und Kalibrierwerte sind korrupt oder nicht lesbar. Die Adaption wird zurückgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "kam_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "KAM contents corrupted",
            "de": "KAM-Inhalt beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0619",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Control Module RAM and ROM Error",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Steuermodul - RAM/ROM-Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The alternative fuel control module reports an internal RAM or ROM check failure - module no longer trustworthy.",
        "de": "Das Alternativkraftstoff-Modul meldet einen internen RAM- oder ROM-Prüffehler - das Modul ist nicht mehr vertrauenswürdig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal memory fault",
            "de": "Interner Speicherfehler im Modul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P061A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Torque Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Drehmomenterfassung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_torque_calculation"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P061B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Torque Calculation Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Drehmomentberechnung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_torque_calculation"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P061C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Engine RPM Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Motordrehzahl - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P061D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Engine Air Mass Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Luftmassenerfassung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P061E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Brake Signal Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Bremssignal - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "brake_pedal_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P061F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Throttle Actuator Controller Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Drosselsteller-Regler - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_throttle_controller"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0620",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Control Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault detected in the alternator/generator control circuit. The ECU regulates field excitation on most modern alternators; a fault here causes charging issues and may set additional battery voltage codes.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Steuerkreis des Generators/der Lichtmaschine. Bei modernen Generatoren regelt die Motorsteuerung die Erregerspannung; ein Fehler hier führt zu Ladeproblemen und eventuell weiteren Spannungsfehlern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "alternator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_regulator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed",
            "de": "Generatorregler defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0621",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Lamp L Control Circuit",
        "de": "Generator Lampensteuerkreis L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the generator warning lamp output (L terminal) reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis für den Generator-Warnlampenausgang (L-Klemme) meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "alternator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lamp_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Lampenkreis offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator fault",
            "de": "Reglerfehler im Generator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0622",
        "P0623"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0622",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Field F Control Circuit",
        "de": "Generator Feld-Steuerkreis F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the generator field terminal (F) reports a fault. The ECM cannot regulate field current as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Generator-Feldklemme (F) meldet einen Fehler. Die Steuerung kann den Erregerstrom nicht wie erwartet regeln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "alternator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "field_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Field circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Feldkreis offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator fault",
            "de": "Reglerfehler im Generator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0621",
        "P0623",
        "P0626"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0623",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Lampensteuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic generator warning lamp control circuit fault, often used where the lamp terminal designation is not L or where multiple lamps share a single output.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Steuerkreis der Generator-Warnlampe, oft genutzt, wenn die Lampenklemme nicht als L bezeichnet wird oder mehrere Lampen einen gemeinsamen Ausgang haben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "alternator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lamp_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Lampenkreis offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0621",
        "P0622"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0624",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Cap Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Tankdeckel-Lampensteuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the fuel cap warning lamp reports a fault. The ECM cannot drive the indicator that warns of an open or loose fuel cap.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Tankdeckel-Warnlampe meldet einen Fehler. Die Steuerung kann die Anzeige für offenen oder losen Tankdeckel nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cap_lamp",
        "lamp_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lamp_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp circuit open or shorted",
            "de": "Lampenkreis offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "instrument_cluster_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Instrument cluster fault",
            "de": "Fehler im Kombiinstrument"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0440",
        "P0455"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0625",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Field Terminal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Erregerklemme Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the alternator F terminal (field excitation) is below threshold — open or short to ground in the excitation path.",
        "de": "Die Spannung an der Erregerklemme F des Generators liegt unter dem Schwellwert — Unterbrechung oder Masseschluss im Erregerpfad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "alternator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "field_circuit_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Field circuit open or shorted to ground",
            "de": "Erregerstromkreis offen oder Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_brushes_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator brushes worn",
            "de": "Generatorkohlen verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0620"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0626",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Field/F Terminal Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Generator Feld-/F-Klemmen-Schaltkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator field circuit response does not match command. Field current ramps slowly, drifts or fails to reach commanded values during regulation.",
        "de": "Die Reaktion des Generator-Feldkreises passt nicht zur Vorgabe. Der Erregerstrom steigt langsam, driftet oder erreicht die geforderten Werte nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "alternator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator or rotor fault",
            "de": "Regler- oder Läuferfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "field_circuit_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Field circuit high resistance",
            "de": "Feldkreis mit hohem Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0622"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0627",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump \"A\" Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe \"A\" Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detected an open circuit in the fuel pump A control output. With no pump operation the engine cannot run; this code is often paired with no-start and no fuel pressure.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen offenen Stromkreis am Steuerausgang der Kraftstoffpumpe A. Ohne Pumpenbetrieb startet der Motor nicht; häufig zusammen mit Startverweigerung und fehlendem Kraftstoffdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_pump_relay",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pump relay failed",
            "de": "Kraftstoffpumpenrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Kabelunterbrechung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0628",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for fuel pump A reports voltage below the lower diagnostic threshold. Indicates short to ground or open winding.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Kraftstoffpumpe A meldet eine Spannung unterhalb des unteren Diagnoseschwellwerts. Hinweis auf Masseschluss oder offene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_pump_relay",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump circuit shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpenkreis mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump relay defective",
            "de": "Pumpenrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0230",
        "P0231",
        "P0232",
        "P0629"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0629",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for fuel pump A reports voltage below the lower diagnostic threshold. Indicates short to ground or open winding.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Kraftstoffpumpe A meldet eine Spannung unterhalb des unteren Diagnoseschwellwerts. Hinweis auf Masseschluss oder offene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_pump_relay",
        "pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump circuit shorted to power",
            "de": "Pumpenkreis mit Spannungsschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground open",
            "de": "Masse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0230",
        "P0231",
        "P0232",
        "P0628"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P062A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump A Control Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe A Steuerkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control output to the primary fuel pump A is electrically intact yet response and fuel pressure response do not match - typically a worn pump, a clogged strainer, or a partially shorted PWM driver.",
        "de": "Der Steuerausgang zur primären Kraftstoffpumpe A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber Reaktion und Druckaufbau passen nicht zum Sollwert - meist verschlissene Pumpe, verstopftes Sieb oder teilweise kurzgeschlossener PWM-Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_a",
        "fuel_pump_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pump worn",
            "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P062B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Fuel Injector Control Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Einspritzsteuerung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "fuel_injectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P062C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Vehicle Speed Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "vehicle_speed_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P062D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Driver Circuit Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Einspritzventil-Treiberschaltung Bank 1 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector driver stage on bank 1 - the high-side or low-side switching transistor that fires the injectors - reports a performance fault. Typical for a partial driver short, drift in the boost capacitor, or supply ripple under load.",
        "de": "Die Treiberstufe der Einspritzventile an Bank 1 - die High-Side- oder Low-Side-Schalttransistoren, die die Einspritzventile schalten - meldet einen Funktionsfehler. Typisch für Teilkurzschluss, Drift im Boost-Kondensator oder Versorgungsripple unter Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_driver_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_partial_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stage partial short",
            "de": "Treiberstufe mit Teilkurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P062E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Driver Circuit Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Einspritzventil-Treiberschaltung Bank 2 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector driver stage on bank 2 - the high-side or low-side switching transistor that fires the injectors - reports a performance fault. Typical for a partial driver short, drift in the boost capacitor, or supply ripple under load.",
        "de": "Die Treiberstufe der Einspritzventile an Bank 2 - die High-Side- oder Low-Side-Schalttransistoren, die die Einspritzventile schalten - meldet einen Funktionsfehler. Typisch für Teilkurzschluss, Drift im Boost-Kondensator oder Versorgungsripple unter Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_driver_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_partial_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stage partial short",
            "de": "Treiberstufe mit Teilkurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P062F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module EEPROM Error",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - EEPROM-Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU's EEPROM (persistent calibration storage) reports a check-sum or write error. Calibration values may be corrupted - the ECU runs on safe defaults until repair.",
        "de": "Das EEPROM des Steuergeräts (persistenter Kalibrationsspeicher) meldet Prüfsummen- oder Schreibfehler. Die Kalibrierwerte können beschädigt sein - das Steuergerät läuft bis zur Reparatur mit sicheren Defaults."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_eeprom"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "eeprom_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EEPROM check-sum failure",
            "de": "EEPROM-Prüfsumme stimmt nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEPROM"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0630",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "VIN Not Programmed or Incompatible ECM or PCM",
        "de": "VIN nicht programmiert oder inkompatibel - ECM/PCM"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Vehicle Identification Number stored in the ECM or PCM is empty or does not match the VIN reported by other modules - typically appears after replacing a control module without programming the VIN.",
        "de": "Die im Motor- oder Antriebsstrangsteuergerät gespeicherte Fahrzeug-Identifikationsnummer ist leer oder passt nicht zur VIN, die andere Module melden - tritt meist nach Tausch eines Steuergeräts ohne VIN-Programmierung auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vin_unprogrammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VIN field empty or mismatched",
            "de": "VIN-Feld leer oder unstimmig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_identification_number"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0631",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "VIN Not Programmed or Incompatible TCM",
        "de": "VIN nicht programmiert oder inkompatibel - TCM"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Vehicle Identification Number stored in the ECM or PCM is empty or does not match the VIN reported by other modules - typically appears after replacing a control module without programming the VIN.",
        "de": "Die im Motor- oder Antriebsstrangsteuergerät gespeicherte Fahrzeug-Identifikationsnummer ist leer oder passt nicht zur VIN, die andere Module melden - tritt meist nach Tausch eines Steuergeräts ohne VIN-Programmierung auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vin_unprogrammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VIN field empty or mismatched",
            "de": "VIN-Feld leer oder unstimmig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_identification_number"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0632",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Odometer Not Programmed ECM or PCM",
        "de": "Tachostand nicht programmiert - ECM/PCM"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The odometer value stored in the ECM/PCM is missing or implausible - typical after a module replacement without odometer programming, or after persistent storage corruption.",
        "de": "Der im ECM/PCM gespeicherte Tachostand fehlt oder ist unplausibel - typisch nach einem Modultausch ohne Tachoprogrammierung oder nach Speicherbeschädigung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "odometer_unprogrammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Odometer field empty",
            "de": "Tachofeld leer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0633",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Immobiliser Key Not Programmed",
        "de": "Wegfahrsperren-Schlüssel nicht programmiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The immobiliser system rejects the current key because it is not programmed to this vehicle. Engine start is inhibited.",
        "de": "Das Wegfahrsperren-System lehnt den aktuellen Schlüssel ab, weil er nicht für dieses Fahrzeug programmiert ist. Der Motorstart wird blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "immobiliser",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "key_not_programmed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Key not programmed to vehicle",
            "de": "Schlüssel nicht auf Fahrzeug programmiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "immobiliser_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Immobiliser module fault",
            "de": "Wegfahrsperrenmodul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0634",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature A Too High",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Innentemperatur A zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU measures its own internal temperature and reports the value above the safe upper threshold - typical for a heat-soaked engine bay, blocked airflow around the ECU, or a failing internal temperature sensor.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät misst seine eigene Innentemperatur und meldet einen Wert oberhalb des sicheren Schwellwerts - typisch für hitzigen Motorraum, blockierte Luftströmung um das Steuergerät oder einen defekten Innentemperaturfühler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heat_soak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heat soak around ECU",
            "de": "Hitzeeintrag rund um das Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0635",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Control Circuit",
        "de": "Servolenkung Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the power steering control output - typically the line that the ECU uses to request raised idle when steering load is high, or to enable an electric pump.",
        "de": "An dem Steuerausgang für die Servolenkung wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt - meist die Leitung, mit der das Steuergerät bei hoher Lenklast erhöhten Leerlauf anfordert oder eine elektrische Pumpe aktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_control_signal"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control line",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0636",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Servolenkung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0635 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P0635, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_control_signal"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0637",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Steering Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Servolenkung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0635 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P0635, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_control_signal"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0638",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control Range or Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Drosselsteller Bereich/Funktion Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive-by-wire throttle actuator on bank 1 does not respond as commanded - actuator slow, gearing slipping, or position feedback offset against actual blade angle.",
        "de": "Der Drive-by-Wire-Drosselsteller an Bank 1 reagiert nicht wie befohlen - Stellglied träge, Stellgetriebe rutscht oder Positionsrückmeldung mit Offset gegenüber tatsächlichem Klappenwinkel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b1",
        "throttle_position_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_sticking",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator sticking due to carbon",
            "de": "Stellglied klemmt durch Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0639",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control Range or Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Drosselsteller Bereich/Funktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive-by-wire throttle actuator on bank 2 does not respond as commanded - actuator slow, gearing slipping, or position feedback offset against actual blade angle.",
        "de": "Der Drive-by-Wire-Drosselsteller an Bank 2 reagiert nicht wie befohlen - Stellglied träge, Stellgetriebe rutscht oder Positionsrückmeldung mit Offset gegenüber tatsächlichem Klappenwinkel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b2",
        "throttle_position_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_sticking",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator sticking due to carbon",
            "de": "Stellglied klemmt durch Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P063A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Voltage Sense Circuit A",
        "de": "Lichtmaschine Spannungs-Messleitung A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the alternator voltage sense line A - the line over which the regulator measures battery-side voltage to set charging output.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler an der Spannungs-Messleitung A der Lichtmaschine - die Leitung, über die der Regler die Batteriespannung misst, um die Ladeleistung zu setzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator_voltage_sense_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense line",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Messleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P063B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Voltage Sense Circuit A Range or Performance",
        "de": "Lichtmaschine Spannungs-Messleitung A - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P063A with the sense voltage in plausible range yet not matching the alternator output - high contact resistance or wrong calibration.",
        "de": "Wie P063A, mit Messspannung im plausiblen Bereich, die aber nicht zum Lichtmaschinenausgang passt - hoher Übergangswiderstand oder falsche Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator_voltage_sense_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contact resistance high",
            "de": "Übergangswiderstand hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P063C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Voltage Sense Circuit A Low",
        "de": "Lichtmaschine Spannungs-Messleitung A - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P063A with the sense voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P063A, mit Messspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator_voltage_sense_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P063D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Voltage Sense Circuit A High",
        "de": "Lichtmaschine Spannungs-Messleitung A - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P063A with the sense voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P063A, mit Messspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator_voltage_sense_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P063E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Configuration Throttle Input Not Present Bank 1",
        "de": "Auto-Konfiguration - Drosseleingang fehlt Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "At ECU power-up the auto-configuration routine cannot detect the bank 1 throttle input - typically a wiring fault, missing module, or a calibration that expects a sensor not fitted.",
        "de": "Beim Hochfahren findet die Auto-Konfigurationsroutine den Drosseleingang Bank 1 nicht - meist Verkabelungsfehler, fehlendes Modul oder eine Kalibrierung, die einen nicht montierten Sensor erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_b1",
        "vehicle_configuration"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "input_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle input wiring missing",
            "de": "Drosseleingangs-Verkabelung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P063F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Configuration Engine Coolant Temperature Input Not Present",
        "de": "Auto-Konfiguration - Kühlmitteltemperatur-Eingang fehlt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "At ECU power-up the auto-configuration routine cannot detect the bank 1 throttle input - typically a wiring fault, missing module, or a calibration that expects a sensor not fitted.",
        "de": "Beim Hochfahren findet die Auto-Konfigurationsroutine den Drosseleingang Bank 1 nicht - meist Verkabelungsfehler, fehlendes Modul oder eine Kalibrierung, die einen nicht montierten Sensor erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_temperature_sensor",
        "vehicle_configuration"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "input_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECT input wiring missing",
            "de": "ECT-Eingangs-Verkabelung fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0640",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater Control Circuit",
        "de": "Ansaugluftheizung Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the intake air heater control - the ECU cannot drive the grid heater at cold-start.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler an der Ansaugluftheizung - das Steuergerät kann die Gitterheizung beim Kaltstart nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Heizung oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0641",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage \"A\" Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung \"A\" Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 5 V reference voltage that the ECU supplies to multiple sensors (TPS, MAP, accelerator pedal, etc.) has dropped out or is open-circuit. Symptoms cascade — many sensor codes appear at once, all related to the same reference rail.",
        "de": "Die 5-V-Referenzspannung, die das Steuergerät an mehrere Sensoren liefert (TPS, MAP, Pedal usw.), ist ausgefallen oder unterbrochen. Auswirkungen kaskadieren — mehrere Sensor-Codes erscheinen gleichzeitig, alle an derselben Referenzspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module",
        "sensor_reference_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "reference_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference wire shorted to ground (one defective sensor pulls the rail down)",
            "de": "Referenzleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen (ein defekter Sensor zieht die Spannung herunter)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_reference_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM internal reference output failed",
            "de": "Interner Referenzausgang im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0642",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage \"A\" Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung \"A\" Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 5 V reference voltage on the A circuit (used by multiple sensors) is below threshold — short to ground or excessive current draw by a single sensor pulling the rail down.",
        "de": "Die 5-V-Referenzspannung des Stromkreises A (genutzt von mehreren Sensoren) liegt unter dem Schwellwert — Masseschluss oder zu hohe Stromaufnahme eines Sensors, die die Schiene herunterzieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_circuit",
        "ecu"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or harness shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sensor oder Kabel Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_reference_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU reference output damaged",
            "de": "ECU-Referenzausgang beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0643",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage \"A\" Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung \"A\" Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "5 V reference rail A above threshold — short to a higher voltage source.",
        "de": "Die 5-V-Referenzschiene A liegt über dem Schwellwert — Kurzschluss gegen eine höhere Spannungsquelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_circuit",
        "ecu"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or harness shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Sensor oder Kabel Kurzschluss gegen höhere Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0642"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0644",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driver Display Serial Communication Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrer-Display Serielle Kommunikation Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The serial communication line to the driver display (instrument cluster, MIL/check-engine warning) shows a circuit fault. Driver may not see warning lights as expected.",
        "de": "Die serielle Kommunikationsleitung zum Fahrer-Display (Kombiinstrument, Motorkontrollleuchte) meldet einen Stromkreisfehler. Warnleuchten erreichen den Fahrer eventuell nicht wie vorgesehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_display_communication"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness or driver fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaum- oder Treiberfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_cluster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0645",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A and C Clutch Relay Control Circuit",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Kupplungsrelais Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the A/C clutch relay control - the line over which the ECU engages the magnetic clutch to drive the A/C compressor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler an der Steuerleitung des Klima-Kupplungsrelais - die Leitung, mit der das Steuergerät die Magnetkupplung zum Antrieb des Klimakompressors einrückt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_clutch_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in relay or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Relais oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0646",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A and C Clutch Relay Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Kupplungsrelais Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0645 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P0645, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_clutch_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0647",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A and C Clutch Relay Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Kupplungsrelais Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0645 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P0645, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_clutch_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0648",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Immobilizer Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Wegfahrsperren-Lampe Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the control output to the immobiliser indicator lamp - the lamp cannot be turned on or off as expected.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Steuerausgang der Wegfahrsperren-Anzeigelampe - die Leuchte kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "immobilizer_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in lamp or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Leuchte oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0649",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Speed Control Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Tempomat-Lampe Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the control output to the immobiliser indicator lamp - the lamp cannot be turned on or off as expected.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Steuerausgang der Wegfahrsperren-Anzeigelampe - die Leuchte kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in lamp or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Leuchte oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P064A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Control Module A",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault is detected on the dedicated fuel pump control module A. Used on PWM-controlled returnless fuel systems to vary pump speed against demand. The module reports an internal performance issue.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am dedizierten Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuermodul A. Wird in PWM-geregelten rücklauflosen Systemen genutzt, um die Pumpendrehzahl an den Bedarf anzupassen. Das Modul meldet einen internen Funktionsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_control_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P064B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Control Module",
        "de": "Nebenantriebs-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault on the power take-off (PTO) control module - reports internal performance issue or communication trouble. Affects vehicles with auxiliary mechanical drives (cranes, snow ploughs, hydraulic pumps).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Nebenantriebs-Steuermodul (PTO) - meldet einen internen Funktionsfehler oder Kommunikationsproblem. Betrifft Fahrzeuge mit Zusatzantrieben (Kran, Schneepflug, Hydraulikpumpe)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P064C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 1",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault is detected on the first glow plug control module - typically a self-diagnosis flag for an internal driver, supply, or watchdog issue.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am ersten Glühkerzen-Steuermodul - meist eine Selbstdiagnose-Markierung wegen interner Treiber-, Versorgungs- oder Watchdog-Probleme."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P064D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module O2 Sensor Processor Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Lambdasonden-Prozessor Bank 1 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "oxygen_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P064E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module O2 Sensor Processor Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Lambdasonden-Prozessor Bank 2 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "oxygen_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P064F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unauthorized Software or Calibration Detected",
        "de": "Nicht autorisierte Software oder Kalibrierung erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU's secure boot or signature check has detected calibration data that is not signed by the manufacturer - typically appears after chip-tuning or unauthorised flash programming. The ECU may run on safe defaults or refuse to start.",
        "de": "Der sichere Boot- oder Signaturcheck des Steuergeräts hat Kalibrierdaten erkannt, die nicht vom Hersteller signiert sind - tritt meist nach Chiptuning oder unautorisierter Flash-Programmierung auf. Das Steuergerät kann auf sichere Defaults zurückfallen oder den Start verweigern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tuning_software",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unauthorized tuning software flashed",
            "de": "Tuning-Software ohne Freigabe geflasht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_tuning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0650",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Malfunction Indicator Lamp Control Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Fehlfunktion im Ansteuerkreis der Motorkontrollleuchte"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault in the wiring or control circuit between the ECU and the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL). The MIL may stay on permanently, fail to light at key-on, or flicker — the OBD-II self-check on the bulb itself failed.",
        "de": "Fehler in der Verkabelung oder Ansteuerung zwischen Steuergerät und Motorkontrollleuchte (MIL). Die MIL leuchtet eventuell dauerhaft, geht beim Einschalten nicht an oder flackert — der OBD-II-Selbsttest der Lampe selbst ist fehlgeschlagen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mil_lamp",
        "mil_wiring",
        "instrument_cluster"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mil_bulb_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MIL bulb burnt out (older clusters)",
            "de": "MIL-Lampe durchgebrannt (ältere Kombiinstrumente)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cluster_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Instrument cluster MIL driver failed",
            "de": "MIL-Endstufe im Kombiinstrument defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mil_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault between ECU and cluster",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler zwischen ECU und Kombiinstrument"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_engine_light"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0651",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage B Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung B Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern ECUs supply 5 V reference rails to multiple sensors. Reference rail B is open - the ECU loses supply on every sensor connected to it (typically TPS B, MAP, or pressure sensors).",
        "de": "Moderne Steuergeräte versorgen mehrere Sensoren mit 5-V-Referenzschienen. Die Referenzschiene B ist unterbrochen - alle daran hängenden Sensoren (typisch TPS B, MAP oder Drucksensoren) verlieren ihre Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in shared reference rail",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der gemeinsamen Referenzschiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0652",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0651 with the reference rail shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P0651, mit Referenzschiene gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail shorted to ground",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0653",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage B Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0651 with the reference rail shorted to supply or above the design voltage.",
        "de": "Wie P0651, mit Referenzschiene gegen Versorgung oder oberhalb der Auslegungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail shorted to supply",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0654",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine RPM Output Circuit Open",
        "de": "Motordrehzahl-Ausgang Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine RPM signal output that the ECU sends to other modules (tachometer, transmission, ABS) has an open circuit.",
        "de": "Der Motordrehzahl-Ausgang, den das Steuergerät an andere Module (Drehzahlmesser, Getriebe, ABS) sendet, ist unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_rpm_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in output wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ausgangsverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0655",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Hot Lamp Output Control Circuit",
        "de": "Motor-Heiss-Lampe Ausgangskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the engine-hot warning lamp output - the high-coolant-temperature warning may not light when needed.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Ausgang für die Motor-Heiss-Warnleuchte - die Warnung vor zu hoher Kühlmitteltemperatur leuchtet eventuell nicht wie erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_hot_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in lamp or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Leuchte oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0656",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Output Circuit",
        "de": "Tankfüllstand-Ausgang Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the fuel level output that the ECU sends to other modules (instrument cluster, range estimator).",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Tankfüllstand-Ausgang, den das Steuergerät an andere Module (Kombiinstrument, Reichweitenrechner) sendet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in output wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ausgangsverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0657",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage A Circuit Open",
        "de": "Aktor-Versorgungsspannung A Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply rail that powers a group of actuators (typically injectors, EGR, throttle motor) is open. Multiple downstream actuators stop working.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsschiene einer Aktorgruppe (typisch Einspritzventile, AGR, Drosselmotor) ist unterbrochen. Mehrere Aktoren arbeiten nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_voltage_a",
        "actuator_supply_relay_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply relay open",
            "de": "Versorgungsrelais offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0658",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktor-Versorgungsspannung A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0657 with the supply voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0657, mit Versorgungsspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_voltage_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0659",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage A Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktor-Versorgungsspannung A Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0657 with the supply voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0657, mit Versorgungsspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_voltage_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage above design range",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung oberhalb des Auslegungsbereichs"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P065A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator System Performance",
        "de": "Lichtmaschinensystem - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general performance fault in the alternator system - charging output too low or too high under normal load conditions, often caused by a worn brush, a failing regulator, or harness resistance.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Funktionsfehler im Lichtmaschinensystem - Ladeleistung unter Normallast zu niedrig oder zu hoch; meist durch verschlissene Bürsten, defekten Regler oder Übergangswiderstände."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "alternator_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brushes_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brushes worn",
            "de": "Bürsten verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P065B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator A Control Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Lichtmaschine A Steuerkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PWM control line to the alternator A regulator does not deliver the expected charging response - high contact resistance, regulator drift, or wrong calibration.",
        "de": "Die PWM-Steuerleitung zum Regler der Lichtmaschine A liefert nicht die erwartete Lade-Antwort - hoher Übergangswiderstand, Regler-Drift oder falsche Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "alternator_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator response drifted",
            "de": "Regler-Antwort mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P065C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator A Mechanical Performance",
        "de": "Lichtmaschine A - mechanische Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The alternator A reports a mechanical performance issue - typically a slipping belt, worn pulley clutch, or seizing rotor that causes the output to lag behind speed.",
        "de": "Die Lichtmaschine A meldet einen mechanischen Funktionsfehler - meist rutschender Riemen, verschlissene Riemenscheiben-Freilaufkupplung oder klemmender Rotor; die Leistung folgt der Drehzahl nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "alternator_pulley",
        "drive_belt"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "belt_slipping",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive belt slipping",
            "de": "Antriebsriemen rutscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P065D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant System Malfunction Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "AdBlue-System Störungslampe Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the AdBlue malfunction warning lamp output - regulatory in many regions to alert the driver of NOx aftertreatment problems.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Ausgang für die AdBlue-Warnleuchte - in vielen Ländern gesetzlich vorgeschrieben, um den Fahrer auf NOx-Nachbehandlungsprobleme hinzuweisen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_warning_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in lamp or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Leuchte oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P065E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Resonanzklappe Bank 1 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake manifold tuning valve (IMT) on bank 1 - which switches the intake runners between long and short paths for torque optimisation - is electrically intact yet does not move as commanded. Carbon build-up, broken linkage, or seized actuator.",
        "de": "Die Saugrohr-Resonanzklappe (IMT) an Bank 1 - die zwischen langen und kurzen Saugrohrlängen umschaltet, um das Drehmoment zu optimieren - ist elektrisch in Ordnung, bewegt sich aber nicht wie befohlen. Verkokung, gebrochene Mechanik oder festsitzendes Stellglied."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_tuning_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "IMT valve stuck due to carbon",
            "de": "IMT-Klappe durch Verkokung blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P065F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Resonanzklappe Bank 2 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake manifold tuning valve (IMT) on bank 2 - which switches the intake runners between long and short paths for torque optimisation - is electrically intact yet does not move as commanded. Carbon build-up, broken linkage, or seized actuator.",
        "de": "Die Saugrohr-Resonanzklappe (IMT) an Bank 2 - die zwischen langen und kurzen Saugrohrlängen umschaltet, um das Drehmoment zu optimieren - ist elektrisch in Ordnung, bewegt sich aber nicht wie befohlen. Verkokung, gebrochene Mechanik oder festsitzendes Stellglied."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_tuning_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "IMT valve stuck due to carbon",
            "de": "IMT-Klappe durch Verkokung blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0660",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Control Circuit Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Resonanzklappe Bank 1 Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line of the IMT valve on bank 1 is open - the ECU cannot drive the valve.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der IMT-Klappe an Bank 1 ist unterbrochen - das Steuergerät kann die Klappe nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_tuning_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0661",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Resonanzklappe Bank 1 Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0660 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P0660, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_tuning_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0662",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Resonanzklappe Bank 1 Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0660 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P0660, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_tuning_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0663",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Control Circuit Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Resonanzklappe Bank 2 Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line of the IMT valve on bank 2 is open - the ECU cannot drive the valve.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der IMT-Klappe an Bank 2 ist unterbrochen - das Steuergerät kann die Klappe nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_tuning_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0664",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Resonanzklappe Bank 2 Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0661 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P0661, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_tuning_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0665",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Resonanzklappe Bank 2 Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0662 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P0662, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_tuning_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0666",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the ECU's internal temperature sensor A - the sensor that monitors module operating temperature for thermal protection.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Innentemperatur-Sensor A des Steuergeräts - dieser Sensor überwacht die Modul-Betriebstemperatur zum thermischen Schutz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_temperature_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor fault",
            "de": "Interner Sensorfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0667",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor A Range or Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor A - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0666 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine bay environment.",
        "de": "Wie P0666, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zur Motorraum-Umgebung passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_temperature_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0668",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0666 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0666, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_temperature_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal short",
            "de": "Interner Sensorkurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0669",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0666 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0666, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_temperature_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal open",
            "de": "Interner Sensor offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P066A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 1 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 1 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_1",
        "glow_plug_wiring_cyl_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P066B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 1 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 1 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_1",
        "glow_plug_wiring_cyl_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P066C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 2 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 2 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P066D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 2 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 2 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P066E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 3 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 3 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P066F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 3 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 3 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0670",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Module Control Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerzenmodul Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit between the engine controller and the glow plug control module reports a fault. The module cannot reliably drive the glow plugs for cold-start preheating.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis zwischen Motorsteuergerät und Glühkerzenmodul meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul kann die Glühkerzen für die Kaltstart-Vorglühung nicht zuverlässig ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_module",
        "module_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug control module faulty",
            "de": "Glühkerzensteuermodul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0671",
        "P0672",
        "P0673",
        "P0674",
        "P0675",
        "P0676",
        "P0677",
        "P0678"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0671",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Glow Plug Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerze Zylinder 1 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit between the engine controller and the glow plug control module reports a fault. The module cannot reliably drive the glow plugs for cold-start preheating.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis zwischen Motorsteuergerät und Glühkerzenmodul meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul kann die Glühkerzen für die Kaltstart-Vorglühung nicht zuverlässig ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug element open",
            "de": "Glühkerzenelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0670",
        "P0672",
        "P0673",
        "P0674",
        "P0675",
        "P0676",
        "P0677",
        "P0678"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0672",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Glow Plug Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerze Zylinder 2 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit between the engine controller and the glow plug control module reports a fault. The module cannot reliably drive the glow plugs for cold-start preheating.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis zwischen Motorsteuergerät und Glühkerzenmodul meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul kann die Glühkerzen für die Kaltstart-Vorglühung nicht zuverlässig ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug element open",
            "de": "Glühkerzenelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0670",
        "P0671",
        "P0673",
        "P0674",
        "P0675",
        "P0676",
        "P0677",
        "P0678"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0673",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Glow Plug Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerze Zylinder 3 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit between the engine controller and the glow plug control module reports a fault. The module cannot reliably drive the glow plugs for cold-start preheating.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis zwischen Motorsteuergerät und Glühkerzenmodul meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul kann die Glühkerzen für die Kaltstart-Vorglühung nicht zuverlässig ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug element open",
            "de": "Glühkerzenelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0670",
        "P0671",
        "P0672",
        "P0674",
        "P0675",
        "P0676",
        "P0677",
        "P0678"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0674",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Glow Plug Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerze Zylinder 4 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit between the engine controller and the glow plug control module reports a fault. The module cannot reliably drive the glow plugs for cold-start preheating.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis zwischen Motorsteuergerät und Glühkerzenmodul meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul kann die Glühkerzen für die Kaltstart-Vorglühung nicht zuverlässig ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug element open",
            "de": "Glühkerzenelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0670",
        "P0671",
        "P0672",
        "P0673",
        "P0675",
        "P0676",
        "P0677",
        "P0678"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0675",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Glow Plug Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerze Zylinder 5 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit between the engine controller and the glow plug control module reports a fault. The module cannot reliably drive the glow plugs for cold-start preheating.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis zwischen Motorsteuergerät und Glühkerzenmodul meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul kann die Glühkerzen für die Kaltstart-Vorglühung nicht zuverlässig ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug element open",
            "de": "Glühkerzenelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0670",
        "P0671",
        "P0672",
        "P0673",
        "P0674",
        "P0676",
        "P0677",
        "P0678"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0676",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Glow Plug Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerze Zylinder 6 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit between the engine controller and the glow plug control module reports a fault. The module cannot reliably drive the glow plugs for cold-start preheating.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis zwischen Motorsteuergerät und Glühkerzenmodul meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul kann die Glühkerzen für die Kaltstart-Vorglühung nicht zuverlässig ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug element open",
            "de": "Glühkerzenelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0670",
        "P0671",
        "P0672",
        "P0673",
        "P0674",
        "P0675",
        "P0677",
        "P0678"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0677",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Glow Plug Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerze Zylinder 7 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit between the engine controller and the glow plug control module reports a fault. The module cannot reliably drive the glow plugs for cold-start preheating.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis zwischen Motorsteuergerät und Glühkerzenmodul meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul kann die Glühkerzen für die Kaltstart-Vorglühung nicht zuverlässig ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug element open",
            "de": "Glühkerzenelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0670",
        "P0671",
        "P0672",
        "P0673",
        "P0674",
        "P0675",
        "P0676",
        "P0678"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0678",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Glow Plug Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerze Zylinder 8 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit between the engine controller and the glow plug control module reports a fault. The module cannot reliably drive the glow plugs for cold-start preheating.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis zwischen Motorsteuergerät und Glühkerzenmodul meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul kann die Glühkerzen für die Kaltstart-Vorglühung nicht zuverlässig ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug",
        "glow_plug_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug element open",
            "de": "Glühkerzenelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0670",
        "P0671",
        "P0672",
        "P0673",
        "P0674",
        "P0675",
        "P0676",
        "P0677"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0679",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Glow Plug Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Glühkerze Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug circuit on cylinder 9 is open - usually a broken connection or burnt-out heater element.",
        "de": "Der Glühkerzenkreis an Zylinder 9 ist unterbrochen - meist gerissene Verbindung oder durchgebranntes Heizelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_burnt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element burnt out",
            "de": "Heizelement durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P067A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 4 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 4 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P067B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 4 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 4 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P067C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 5 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 5 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P067D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 5 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 5 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P067E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 6 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 6 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P067F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 6 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 6 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0680",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Glow Plug Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Glühkerze Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug circuit on cylinder 10 is open - usually a broken connection or burnt-out heater element.",
        "de": "Der Glühkerzenkreis an Zylinder 10 ist unterbrochen - meist gerissene Verbindung oder durchgebranntes Heizelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_burnt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element burnt out",
            "de": "Heizelement durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0681",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Glow Plug Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Glühkerze Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug circuit on cylinder 11 is open - usually a broken connection or burnt-out heater element.",
        "de": "Der Glühkerzenkreis an Zylinder 11 ist unterbrochen - meist gerissene Verbindung oder durchgebranntes Heizelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_burnt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element burnt out",
            "de": "Heizelement durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0682",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Glow Plug Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Glühkerze Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug circuit on cylinder 12 is open - usually a broken connection or burnt-out heater element.",
        "de": "Der Glühkerzenkreis an Zylinder 12 ist unterbrochen - meist gerissene Verbindung oder durchgebranntes Heizelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_burnt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element burnt out",
            "de": "Heizelement durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0683",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 1 to PCM Communication Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 zu PCM Kommunikationskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault is detected on the communication line between glow plug control module 1 and the PCM. The PCM cannot read plug status and cannot command preheat.",
        "de": "An der Kommunikationsleitung zwischen Glühkerzen-Modul 1 und PCM wird ein Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das PCM kann den Status der Kerzen nicht lesen und das Vorglühen nicht anfordern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_1",
        "gpcm_communication_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or short on communication wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss auf der Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0684",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 1 to PCM Communication Range or Performance",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 zu PCM Kommunikation - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0683 with the communication signals in plausible range yet not matching expected protocol or content.",
        "de": "Wie P0683, mit Kommunikationssignalen im plausiblen Bereich, die aber nicht zum erwarteten Protokoll oder Inhalt passen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "protocol_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Protocol mismatch",
            "de": "Protokollabweichung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0685",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM or PCM Power Relay Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Versorgungsrelais Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the main ECM/PCM power relay is open - the ECU can lose power on shutdown sequence or fail to wake up at next start.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Hauptversorgungsrelais des Steuergeräts ist unterbrochen - das Steuergerät kann beim Abschaltvorgang Strom verlieren oder beim nächsten Startvorgang nicht hochfahren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm_power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in relay control or harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Relaissteuerung oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0686",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Power Relay Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Hauptrelais Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the ECM main power relay is open. Without this relay, the controller cannot maintain its keep-alive supply.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Steuergerät-Hauptrelais ist unterbrochen. Ohne dieses Relais kann das Steuergerät seine Standby-Versorgung nicht halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm",
        "main_relay",
        "relay_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "main_relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Main relay defective",
            "de": "Hauptrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay control wire open",
            "de": "Relais-Steuerleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0687",
        "P0688"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0687",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Power Relay Sense Circuit Open",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Hauptrelais Erkennungskreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot detect that the main power relay has switched on. The sense input remains low when commanded high.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann nicht erkennen, dass das Hauptrelais eingeschaltet hat. Der Erkennungseingang bleibt niedrig, obwohl Einschalten angefordert ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm",
        "main_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "main_relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Main relay contacts faulty",
            "de": "Hauptrelais-Kontakte defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire open",
            "de": "Erkennungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0686",
        "P0688"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0688",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Power Relay Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Hauptrelais Erkennungskreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot detect that the main power relay has switched on. The sense input remains low when commanded high.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann nicht erkennen, dass das Hauptrelais eingeschaltet hat. Der Erkennungseingang bleibt niedrig, obwohl Einschalten angefordert ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm",
        "main_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "main_relay_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Main relay contacts stuck closed",
            "de": "Hauptrelais-Kontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_wire_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to power",
            "de": "Erkennungsleitung mit Spannungsschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0686",
        "P0687"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0689",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM or PCM Power Relay Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Versorgungsrelais Messkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage sense line that confirms the main ECU power relay has actually closed reads low - either the relay is not closing or the sense line is shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Die Spannungs-Messleitung, die das tatsächliche Schliessen des Hauptrelais bestätigt, liest zu niedrig - entweder schliesst das Relais nicht oder die Messleitung ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm_power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_not_closing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay does not close",
            "de": "Relais schliesst nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P068A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM or PCM Power Relay De-Energized Performance Too Early",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Versorgungsrelais - zu früh abgefallen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The main power relay drops out earlier than the calibrated post-run window allows. The ECU loses power before completing housekeeping (e.g. saving adaptions, parking the throttle), which causes adaptive learning to reset.",
        "de": "Das Hauptrelais fällt früher als das kalibrierte Nachlauffenster zulässt. Das Steuergerät verliert Strom, bevor es Hausarbeiten abschliessen kann (z. B. Adaptionen sichern, Drosselklappe parken) - die Adaption wird zurückgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm_power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_drop_early",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay coil weak - drops early",
            "de": "Relaiswicklung schwach - fällt früh ab"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P068B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM or PCM Power Relay De-Energized Performance Too Late",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Versorgungsrelais - zu spät abgefallen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P068A with the relay dropping out later than the calibrated window allows - keeps the ECU powered too long after key-off, drains the battery.",
        "de": "Wie P068A, mit Relais, das später als das kalibrierte Fenster abfällt - hält das Steuergerät zu lange nach Zündung-aus mit Strom versorgt und entlädt die Batterie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm_power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contact welded",
            "de": "Relaiskontakt verschweißt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P068C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 7 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 7 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P068D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 7 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 7 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P068E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 8 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 8 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P068F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 8 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 8 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0690",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM or PCM Power Relay Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Versorgungsrelais Messkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0689 with the sense line shorted to supply or showing higher voltage than expected.",
        "de": "Wie P0689, mit Messleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen oder mit höherer Spannung als erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm_power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0691",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling Fan 1 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter 1 Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for cooling fan 1 reports voltage below the lower diagnostic threshold. Indicates short to ground or open winding.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis von Kühlerlüfter 1 meldet eine Spannung unterhalb des unteren Diagnoseschwellwerts. Hinweis auf Masseschluss oder offene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan",
        "cooling_fan_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_fan_relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay defective",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0480",
        "P0692",
        "P0693",
        "P0694"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0692",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling Fan 1 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter 1 Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for cooling fan 1 reports voltage below the lower diagnostic threshold. Indicates short to ground or open winding.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis von Kühlerlüfter 1 meldet eine Spannung unterhalb des unteren Diagnoseschwellwerts. Hinweis auf Masseschluss oder offene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan",
        "cooling_fan_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_fan_relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay defective",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Spannungsschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0480",
        "P0691",
        "P0693",
        "P0694"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0693",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling Fan 2 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter 2 Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for cooling fan 1 reports voltage below the lower diagnostic threshold. Indicates short to ground or open winding.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis von Kühlerlüfter 1 meldet eine Spannung unterhalb des unteren Diagnoseschwellwerts. Hinweis auf Masseschluss oder offene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan",
        "cooling_fan_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_fan_relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan 2 relay defective",
            "de": "Relais Lüfter 2 defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0481",
        "P0691",
        "P0692",
        "P0694"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0694",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling Fan 2 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter 2 Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for cooling fan 1 reports voltage below the lower diagnostic threshold. Indicates short to ground or open winding.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis von Kühlerlüfter 1 meldet eine Spannung unterhalb des unteren Diagnoseschwellwerts. Hinweis auf Masseschluss oder offene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan",
        "cooling_fan_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_fan_relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan 2 relay defective",
            "de": "Relais Lüfter 2 defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Spannungsschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0481",
        "P0691",
        "P0692",
        "P0693"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0695",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 3 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lüfter 3 Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for cooling fan 3 (typically condenser fan or auxiliary fan) is shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung des Kühlerlüfters 3 (meist Kondensator- oder Zusatzlüfter) ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0696",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 3 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Lüfter 3 Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0695 with the line shorted to supply or open.",
        "de": "Wie P0695, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen oder unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0697",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage C Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung C Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern ECUs supply 5 V reference rails to multiple sensors. Reference rail B is open - the ECU loses supply on every sensor connected to it (typically TPS B, MAP, or pressure sensors).",
        "de": "Moderne Steuergeräte versorgen mehrere Sensoren mit 5-V-Referenzschienen. Die Referenzschiene B ist unterbrochen - alle daran hängenden Sensoren (typisch TPS B, MAP oder Drucksensoren) verlieren ihre Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in shared reference rail",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der gemeinsamen Referenzschiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0698",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung C Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0652 on reference rail C.",
        "de": "Wie P0652, an Referenzschiene C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail shorted to ground",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0699",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage C Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung C Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0653 on reference rail C.",
        "de": "Wie P0653, an Referenzschiene C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail shorted to supply",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P069A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 9 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 9 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P069B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 9 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 9 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P069C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 10 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 10 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P069D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 10 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 10 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P069E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Control Module Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuermodul fordert MIL-Anzeige"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel pump control module has reported a fault to the ECM and requested that the malfunction indicator lamp be illuminated. Look up the FPCM-side code for the actual fault.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuermodul hat dem Motorsteuergerät einen Fehler gemeldet und das Aufleuchten der Motorkontrollleuchte angefordert. Den eigentlichen Fehler im FPCM-Speicher auslesen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpcm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pump module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Pumpenmodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P069F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Drosselsteller-Lampe Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the dedicated throttle actuator control warning lamp output.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Ausgang der speziellen Drosselsteller-Warnleuchte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in lamp or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Leuchte oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable A/C Compressor Control Circuit",
        "de": "Variabler Klimakompressor Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the control output to a variable-displacement A/C compressor - the ECU cannot vary swash-plate angle and the compressor stays at fixed displacement.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Steuerausgang eines Klimakompressors mit variabler Hubraumverstellung - das Steuergerät kann die Schrägscheibenneigung nicht variieren, der Kompressor bleibt bei festem Hubraum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "variable_ac_compressor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in compressor solenoid or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im Verstellmagnet oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable A/C Compressor Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Variabler Klimakompressor Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06A0 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P06A0, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "variable_ac_compressor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable A/C Compressor Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Variabler Klimakompressor Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06A0 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P06A0, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "variable_ac_compressor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage D Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung D Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern ECUs supply 5 V reference rails to multiple sensors. Reference rail B is open - the ECU loses supply on every sensor connected to it (typically TPS B, MAP, or pressure sensors).",
        "de": "Moderne Steuergeräte versorgen mehrere Sensoren mit 5-V-Referenzschienen. Die Referenzschiene B ist unterbrochen - alle daran hängenden Sensoren (typisch TPS B, MAP oder Drucksensoren) verlieren ihre Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in shared reference rail",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der gemeinsamen Referenzschiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage D Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung D Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0652 on reference rail D.",
        "de": "Wie P0652, an Referenzschiene D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail shorted to ground",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage D Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung D Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0653 on reference rail D.",
        "de": "Wie P0653, an Referenzschiene D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail shorted to supply",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage A Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung A Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reference rail A is electrically intact yet not delivering exactly 5.000 V - drift, load-induced sag, or noise pulled the rail out of tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Referenzschiene A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht genau 5,000 V - Drift, lastbedingter Einbruch oder Störungen ziehen die Schiene aus der Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rail_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail drifted",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage B Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung B Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reference rail A is electrically intact yet not delivering exactly 5.000 V - drift, load-induced sag, or noise pulled the rail out of tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Referenzschiene A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht genau 5,000 V - Drift, lastbedingter Einbruch oder Störungen ziehen die Schiene aus der Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rail_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail drifted",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage C Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung C Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reference rail A is electrically intact yet not delivering exactly 5.000 V - drift, load-induced sag, or noise pulled the rail out of tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Referenzschiene A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht genau 5,000 V - Drift, lastbedingter Einbruch oder Störungen ziehen die Schiene aus der Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rail_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail drifted",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage D Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung D Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reference rail A is electrically intact yet not delivering exactly 5.000 V - drift, load-induced sag, or noise pulled the rail out of tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Referenzschiene A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht genau 5,000 V - Drift, lastbedingter Einbruch oder Störungen ziehen die Schiene aus der Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rail_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail drifted",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature B Too High",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Innentemperatur B zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU measures its own internal temperature and reports the value above the safe upper threshold - typical for a heat-soaked engine bay, blocked airflow around the ECU, or a failing internal temperature sensor.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät misst seine eigene Innentemperatur und meldet einen Wert oberhalb des sicheren Schwellwerts - typisch für hitzigen Motorraum, blockierte Luftströmung um das Steuergerät oder einen defekten Innentemperaturfühler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heat_soak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heat soak around ECU",
            "de": "Hitzeeintrag rund um das Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the ECU's internal temperature sensor B - the sensor that monitors module operating temperature for thermal protection.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Innentemperatur-Sensor B des Steuergeräts - dieser Sensor überwacht die Modul-Betriebstemperatur zum thermischen Schutz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_temperature_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor fault",
            "de": "Interner Sensorfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor B Range or Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor B - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0667 on internal sensor B.",
        "de": "Wie P0667, an Innensensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_temperature_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0668 on internal sensor B.",
        "de": "Wie P0668, an Innensensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_temperature_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal short",
            "de": "Interner Sensorkurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0669 on internal sensor B.",
        "de": "Wie P0669, an Innensensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_temperature_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal open",
            "de": "Interner Sensor offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management System Forced Engine Shutdown",
        "de": "Drehmomentmanagement - erzwungener Motorstopp"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque-management cross-check has detected an inconsistency that the safety strategy treats as critical (e.g. unintended acceleration risk) and has commanded an engine shutdown to protect the driver.",
        "de": "Die Quervalidierung des Drehmomentmanagements hat eine Inkonsistenz erkannt, die die Sicherheitsstrategie als kritisch wertet (z. B. Risiko unbeabsichtigter Beschleunigung) und einen Motorstopp zum Fahrerschutz angeordnet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_management",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "torque_cross_check_fail",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque cross-check failed",
            "de": "Drehmoment-Querprüfung schlug fehl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply A Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgung A Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A higher-current sensor power supply rail (separate from the 5 V reference rails) is open. Group of sensors fed from this rail (typically MAF, MAP, knock) lose power.",
        "de": "Eine stromstärkere Sensor-Versorgungsschiene (getrennt von den 5-V-Referenzschienen) ist unterbrochen. Eine Gruppe daran hängender Sensoren (typisch MAF, MAP, Klopf) verliert die Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_power_supply_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply rail",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsschiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgung A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06B0 with supply voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P06B0, mit Versorgungsspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_power_supply_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply A Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgung A Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06B0 with supply voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P06B0, mit Versorgungsspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_power_supply_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply B Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgung B Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A higher-current sensor power supply rail (separate from the 5 V reference rails) is open. Group of sensors fed from this rail (typically MAF, MAP, knock) lose power.",
        "de": "Eine stromstärkere Sensor-Versorgungsschiene (getrennt von den 5-V-Referenzschienen) ist unterbrochen. Eine Gruppe daran hängender Sensoren (typisch MAF, MAP, Klopf) verliert die Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_power_supply_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply rail",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsschiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgung B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06B1 on supply rail B.",
        "de": "Wie P06B1, an Versorgungsschiene B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_power_supply_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply B Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgung B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06B2 on supply rail B.",
        "de": "Wie P06B2, an Versorgungsschiene B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_power_supply_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Knock Combustion Vibration Sensor Processor 1 Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Klopfsensor-Prozessor 1 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Knock Combustion Vibration Sensor Processor 2 Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Klopfsensor-Prozessor 2 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module NVRAM Error",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - NVRAM-Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The non-volatile RAM (used for adaptive learning storage that survives key-off but is faster than EEPROM) reports a check-sum or write fault.",
        "de": "Das nichtflüchtige RAM (für Adaptionswerte, das Zündung-aus übersteht aber schneller als EEPROM ist) meldet einen Prüfsummen- oder Schreibfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_nvram"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nvram_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "NVRAM check-sum failure",
            "de": "NVRAM-Prüfsumme stimmt nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-volatile_random-access_memory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 1 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 2 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 2 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 3 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 3 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 4 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 4 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 5 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 5 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 6 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 6 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 7 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 7 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 8 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 8 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 9 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 9 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 10 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 10 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 11 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 11 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Glow Plug Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Glühkerze Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 12 is electrically intact yet does not heat to the calibrated temperature in the expected time - aged element, increased contact resistance, or a partially corroded ground.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 12 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erreicht aber die kalibrierte Temperatur nicht im vorgesehenen Zeitfenster - gealtertes Heizelement, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder teilweise korrodierte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 1 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 1 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 2 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 2 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 3 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 3 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 4 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 4 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 5 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 5 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 6 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 6 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 7 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 7 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 8 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 8 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 9 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 9 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 10 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 10 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 11 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 11 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Glow Plug Incorrect",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Glühkerze - falscher Typ"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug on cylinder 12 reports an electrical resistance or response curve that does not match the calibrated plug type. Typical after fitting a wrong replacement plug.",
        "de": "Die Glühkerze an Zylinder 12 zeigt einen elektrischen Widerstand oder eine Antwortkurve, die nicht zum kalibrierten Kerzentyp passt. Typisch nach Einbau einer falschen Ersatzkerze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement plug of wrong type",
            "de": "Ersatzkerze vom falschen Typ"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Ignition Coil Control Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul - Zündspulen-Steuerung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "ignition_coils"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage E Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung E Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern ECUs supply 5 V reference rails to multiple sensors. Reference rail B is open - the ECU loses supply on every sensor connected to it (typically TPS B, MAP, or pressure sensors).",
        "de": "Moderne Steuergeräte versorgen mehrere Sensoren mit 5-V-Referenzschienen. Die Referenzschiene B ist unterbrochen - alle daran hängenden Sensoren (typisch TPS B, MAP oder Drucksensoren) verlieren ihre Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in shared reference rail",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der gemeinsamen Referenzschiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage E Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung E Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0652 on reference rail E.",
        "de": "Wie P0652, an Referenzschiene E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail shorted to ground",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage E Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung E Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0653 on reference rail E.",
        "de": "Wie P0653, an Referenzschiene E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail shorted to supply",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage E Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung E Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reference rail A is electrically intact yet not delivering exactly 5.000 V - drift, load-induced sag, or noise pulled the rail out of tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Referenzschiene A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht genau 5,000 V - Drift, lastbedingter Einbruch oder Störungen ziehen die Schiene aus der Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rail_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail drifted",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage F Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung F Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern ECUs supply 5 V reference rails to multiple sensors. Reference rail B is open - the ECU loses supply on every sensor connected to it (typically TPS B, MAP, or pressure sensors).",
        "de": "Moderne Steuergeräte versorgen mehrere Sensoren mit 5-V-Referenzschienen. Die Referenzschiene B ist unterbrochen - alle daran hängenden Sensoren (typisch TPS B, MAP oder Drucksensoren) verlieren ihre Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in shared reference rail",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der gemeinsamen Referenzschiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage F Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung F Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0652 on reference rail F.",
        "de": "Wie P0652, an Referenzschiene F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail shorted to ground",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage F Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung F Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0653 on reference rail F.",
        "de": "Wie P0653, an Referenzschiene F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail shorted to supply",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage F Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung F Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reference rail A is electrically intact yet not delivering exactly 5.000 V - drift, load-induced sag, or noise pulled the rail out of tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Referenzschiene A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht genau 5,000 V - Drift, lastbedingter Einbruch oder Störungen ziehen die Schiene aus der Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_reference_voltage_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rail_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference rail drifted",
            "de": "Referenzschiene mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Motoröldruckregelung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern engines use an electrically controlled variable-displacement oil pump or a pressure regulator solenoid. The control circuit on this regulator has an open circuit - the ECU cannot vary oil pressure with load and the pump runs at default mechanical pressure.",
        "de": "Moderne Motoren nutzen eine elektrisch geregelte Verstell-Ölpumpe oder ein Magnetventil zur Druckregelung. Der Steuerkreis des Reglers ist unterbrochen - das Steuergerät kann den Öldruck nicht lastabhängig anpassen, die Pumpe läuft auf mechanischem Standarddruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_regulator",
        "variable_displacement_oil_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Magnet oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motoröldruckregelung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06DA with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P06DA, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motoröldruckregelung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06DA with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P06DA, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Control Circuit Performance Stuck Off",
        "de": "Motoröldruckregelung Steuerkreis - Funktion - hängt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06DA with the regulator stuck in low-pressure (off) state - oil pressure cannot be raised on demand.",
        "de": "Wie P06DA, mit Regler in Niederdruck-Zustand (aus) blockiert - der Öldruck lässt sich nicht erhöhen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck off",
            "de": "Regler in Aus-Stellung blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Control Circuit Stuck On",
        "de": "Motoröldruckregelung Steuerkreis - hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06DA with the regulator stuck on - oil pressure remains at the high-output level even at idle, increasing pump losses.",
        "de": "Wie P06DA, mit Regler in Ein-Stellung blockiert - der Öldruck bleibt auch im Leerlauf auf Hochniveau, die Pumpenverluste steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck on",
            "de": "Regler in Ein-Stellung blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 1 Memory Checksum Error",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 - Speicher-Prüfsummenfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Glow plug control module 1 reports a check-sum failure on its internal memory - calibration or configuration data may be corrupted.",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 meldet einen Prüfsummenfehler in seinem internen Speicher - Kalibrier- oder Konfigurationsdaten können beschädigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "memory_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module memory corrupted",
            "de": "Modulspeicher beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 11 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 11 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 11 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 11 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 12 is shorted to ground or the plug is internally shorted.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 12 ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Kerze ist intern kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Glühkerze Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the glow plug on cylinder 12 is open or shorted to supply - the plug cannot be heated.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Glühkerze an Zylinder 12 ist unterbrochen oder gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - die Kerze kann nicht beheizt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_cyl_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in plug or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kerze oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul Aufweck-Kreis - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wake-up circuit that brings the ECU out of standby on key-on or bus activity does not behave as expected - module slow to wake or wake events missed. Affects cold-start time and stop-start operation.",
        "de": "Der Aufweck-Kreis, der das Steuergerät bei Zündung-an oder Bus-Aktivität aus dem Standby holt, verhält sich nicht wie erwartet - das Modul wacht langsam auf oder verpasst Aufweck-Events. Beeinträchtigt Kaltstartzeit und Start-Stopp-Funktion."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_wakeup_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wakeup_pin_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wake-up pin response drifted",
            "de": "Aufweck-Pin-Antwort mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 1 Performance",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Glow plug control module 1 is electrically intact but does not deliver the expected heating profile - aged drivers, increased contact resistance, or watchdog event.",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht das erwartete Heizprofil - gealterte Treiber, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder Watchdog-Auslösung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module response drifted",
            "de": "Modul-Antwort mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply C Circuit Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgung C Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A higher-current sensor power supply rail (separate from the 5 V reference rails) is open. Group of sensors fed from this rail (typically MAF, MAP, knock) lose power.",
        "de": "Eine stromstärkere Sensor-Versorgungsschiene (getrennt von den 5-V-Referenzschienen) ist unterbrochen. Eine Gruppe daran hängender Sensoren (typisch MAF, MAP, Klopf) verliert die Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_power_supply_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply rail",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsschiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgung C Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06B1 on supply rail C.",
        "de": "Wie P06B1, an Versorgungsschiene C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_power_supply_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply C Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgung C Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06B2 on supply rail C.",
        "de": "Wie P06B2, an Versorgungsschiene C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_power_supply_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Starter Performance",
        "de": "Anlasser - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects unusual cranking behaviour - excessive crank time, slow crank speed, or starter draw outside the normal envelope. Could be a worn starter, weak battery, high engine drag, or excess starter solenoid resistance.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt ungewöhnliches Anlasserverhalten - lange Startdauer, langsame Drehzahl oder Anlasserstrom ausserhalb des Normalbereichs. Mögliche Ursachen sind verschlissener Anlasser, schwache Batterie, hohe Motorreibung oder erhöhter Magnetschalter-Widerstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_motor",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "starter_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Starter worn or solenoid weak",
            "de": "Anlasser verschlissen oder Magnetschalter schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Processor Performance Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor-Prozessor Bank 1 Sensor 1 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "nox_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Processor Performance Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor-Prozessor Bank 1 Sensor 2 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06EA on sensor 2.",
        "de": "Wie P06EA, an Sensor 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_internal_processing",
        "nox_sensor_post_scr_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Control Module Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Einspritzventil-Steuermodul fordert MIL-Anzeige"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel injector control module has reported a fault to the ECM and requested MIL illumination. Read the FICM-side code for the actual fault.",
        "de": "Das Einspritz-Treibermodul hat dem ECM einen Fehler gemeldet und MIL-Anzeige angefordert. Den FICM-Fehlercode auslesen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ficm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Einspritzmodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine RPM Output Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motordrehzahl-Ausgang Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0654 with the output line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P0654, mit Ausgangsleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_rpm_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine RPM Output Circuit High",
        "de": "Motordrehzahl-Ausgang Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0654 with the output line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P0654, mit Ausgangsleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_rpm_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Restart Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Neustart - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After a stop-start auto-stop the engine takes longer than calibrated to restart, or restart is missed. Possible causes are weak starter, low battery state of charge, weak crank position signal at low RPM, or a fuel rail that lost prime.",
        "de": "Nach einem automatischen Start-Stopp-Stopp braucht der Motor länger als kalibriert, um wieder zu starten, oder der Neustart bleibt aus. Ursachen sind schwacher Anlasser, geringer Batterieladezustand, schwaches Kurbelwellensignal bei niedriger Drehzahl oder ein entleerter Kraftstoffraildruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_motor",
        "battery",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_soc_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery state of charge low",
            "de": "Batterieladezustand niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "AdBlue-Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the internal temperature sensor of the reductant control module.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Innentemperatur-Sensor des AdBlue-Steuermoduls."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor fault",
            "de": "Interner Sensorfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor Range or Performance",
        "de": "AdBlue-Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06F0 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine bay environment.",
        "de": "Wie P06F0, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zur Motorraum-Umgebung passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "AdBlue-Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06F0 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P06F0, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal short",
            "de": "Interner Sensorkurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "AdBlue-Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06F0 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P06F0, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal open",
            "de": "Interner Sensor offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stop-Start Mode Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Start-Stopp-Lampe Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the stop-start mode indicator lamp output.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Ausgang der Start-Stopp-Anzeigelampe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stop_start_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in lamp or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Leuchte oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 2",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault on the second glow plug control module - used on engines with two banks of glow plugs.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am zweiten Glühkerzen-Steuermodul - bei Motoren mit zwei Glühkerzen-Bänken eingesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 2 Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2 Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit driving glow plug control module 2 is open.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis zum Glühkerzen-Modul 2 ist unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 2 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2 Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06F6 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P06F6, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 2 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2 Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P06F6 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P06F6, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 2 System Voltage",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2 Systemspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first glow plug control module reports its supply voltage outside the calibrated window - either too low to drive the plugs to full temperature or too high, risking damage. Affects diesel cold-start time and white-smoke emissions.",
        "de": "Das erste Glühkerzen-Steuermodul meldet seine Versorgungsspannung ausserhalb des kalibrierten Bereichs - entweder zu niedrig, um die Kerzen auf volle Temperatur zu bringen, oder zu hoch, mit Beschädigungsrisiko. Wirkt sich auf Diesel-Kaltstartzeit und Weissrauchemissionen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 2 Performance",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Glow plug control module 1 is electrically intact but does not deliver the expected heating profile - aged drivers, increased contact resistance, or watchdog event.",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht das erwartete Heizprofil - gealterte Treiber, erhöhter Übergangswiderstand oder Watchdog-Auslösung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module response drifted",
            "de": "Modul-Antwort mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 2 Memory Checksum Error",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2 - Speicher-Prüfsummenfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Glow plug control module 1 reports a check-sum failure on its internal memory - calibration or configuration data may be corrupted.",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 meldet einen Prüfsummenfehler in seinem internen Speicher - Kalibrier- oder Konfigurationsdaten können beschädigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "memory_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module memory corrupted",
            "de": "Modulspeicher beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 2 to PCM Communication Circuit",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2 zu PCM Kommunikationskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault is detected on the communication line between glow plug control module 1 and the PCM. The PCM cannot read plug status and cannot command preheat.",
        "de": "An der Kommunikationsleitung zwischen Glühkerzen-Modul 1 und PCM wird ein Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das PCM kann den Status der Kerzen nicht lesen und das Vorglühen nicht anfordern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or short on communication wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss auf der Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 2 to PCM Communication Range or Performance",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2 zu PCM Kommunikation - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0684 on module 2.",
        "de": "Wie P0684, an Modul 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "protocol_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Protocol mismatch",
            "de": "Protokollabweichung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Diesel Intake Air Flow Control Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Regelung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold-start of a diesel engine the ECU controls intake airflow (e.g. anti-shudder valve, swirl flaps) to support smooth ignition. The control loop does not deliver the expected airflow - flap stuck or position offset.",
        "de": "Beim Diesel-Kaltstart regelt das Steuergerät den Ansaugluftstrom (z. B. Anti-Shudder-Klappe, Drall-Klappen), um die Verbrennung zu glätten. Der Regelkreis liefert nicht den erwarteten Luftstrom - Klappe klemmt oder Lagesensor mit Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_flow_actuator_a",
        "intake_air_flow_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "flap_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Flap stuck due to soot",
            "de": "Klappe durch Russ blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P06FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Economy Mode Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Eco-Modus-Lampe Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the stop-start mode indicator lamp output.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Ausgang der Start-Stopp-Anzeigelampe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "economy_mode_lamp"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in lamp or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Leuchte oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0700",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Control System Malfunction",
        "de": "Getriebesteuerung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A request from the transmission control module (TCM) to illuminate the MIL. P0700 itself carries no specific information — it is a wrapper that tells the engine ECU \"the TCM has a code\". Read the TCM directly to find the actual transmission DTC.",
        "de": "Eine Anforderung des Getriebesteuergeräts (TCM), die MIL einzuschalten. P0700 selbst trägt keine spezifische Information — es ist ein Wrapper, der dem Motorsteuergerät meldet \"das TCM hat einen Code\". Das TCM direkt auslesen, um den eigentlichen Getriebe-Code zu finden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcm_subcode",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM has a sub-code that needs to be read separately",
            "de": "TCM hat einen Untercode, der separat ausgelesen werden muss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0701",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Control System Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebesteuerung Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM has detected a transmission performance issue without identifying a specific component fault — typically slip outside expected range, shift timing outside spec, or a hydraulic issue not yet diagnosed by a more specific code.",
        "de": "Das TCM hat ein Performance-Problem erkannt, ohne einen spezifischen Komponentenfehler zu identifizieren — typischerweise Schlupf außerhalb erwartetem Bereich, Schaltzeit außerhalb der Spezifikation oder ein hydraulisches Problem ohne spezifischeren Code."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "transmission_valve_body",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transmission_fluid_low_burnt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission fluid low or burnt",
            "de": "Getriebeöl niedrig oder verbrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve body wear",
            "de": "Verschleiß im Schaltschieberkasten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0700"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0702",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Control System Electrical",
        "de": "Getriebesteuerung - Elektrik"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is detected in the transmission control system. The TCM has flagged a circuit problem (open, short, or supply issue) without specifying which component. Look up additional codes from the TCM for detail.",
        "de": "In der Getriebesteuerung wird ein allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler erkannt. Das TCM hat ein Stromkreisproblem (Unterbrechung, Kurzschluss oder Versorgungsproblem) gemeldet, ohne ein konkretes Bauteil zu benennen. Weitere TCM-Codes auslesen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault inside transmission",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler im Getriebe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0703",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Switch B Circuit",
        "de": "Bremsschalter B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the secondary brake switch B - typically used as redundant input for safety-critical functions like cruise control cancellation and shift-interlock.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am sekundären Bremsschalter B - meist redundanter Eingang für sicherheitskritische Funktionen wie Tempomat-Abschaltung und Schaltsperre."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_pedal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0704",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Switch Input Circuit",
        "de": "Kupplungsschalter Eingangskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the clutch pedal position switch input - used by the ECU to inhibit cruise control, allow cranking, and time gear-shift events on manual transmissions.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Eingang des Kupplungspedalschalters - vom Steuergerät genutzt, um Tempomat zu sperren, Anlassen freizugeben und Schaltvorgänge bei Schaltgetrieben zeitlich zu erkennen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0705",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Wählhebelpositionssensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission range sensor (PRNDL switch / inhibitor switch) signal is implausible — multiple positions active simultaneously, or no position recognized. Engine may refuse to start unless P or N is detected.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Wählhebelpositionssensors (PRNDL-Schalter / Inhibitor-Schalter) ist unplausibel — mehrere Stellungen gleichzeitig aktiv oder keine Stellung erkannt. Der Motor startet eventuell nicht, wenn P oder N nicht erkannt wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor",
        "shift_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "range_sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Range sensor misadjusted",
            "de": "Schaltsensor falsch eingestellt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "range_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Range sensor failed",
            "de": "Schaltsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0706",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebewahlschalter Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission range sensor reports a position that is implausible against vehicle speed and engine state. Often caused by sensor misadjustment or worn contacts.",
        "de": "Der Getriebewahlschalter meldet eine Position, die zu Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit und Motorzustand nicht plausibel ist. Häufig durch Sensorfehlstellung oder verschlissene Kontakte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "range_sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Range sensor misadjusted",
            "de": "Wahlschalter falsch justiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "range_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Range sensor internally faulty",
            "de": "Wahlschalter intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0705"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0707",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebebereichssensor A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The primary transmission range sensor A (PRNDL switch position) reports voltage below the plausible range - signal shorted to ground or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der primäre Getriebebereichssensor A (PRNDL-Schalterposition) liefert eine Spannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs - Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0708",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebebereichssensor A Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0707 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P0707, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0709",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebebereichssensor A Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0707 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P0707, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P070A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Level Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Füllstandssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the transmission fluid level sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Füllstandssensor des Getriebeöls."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P070B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Level Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Füllstandssensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P070A with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P070A, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P070C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Level Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Füllstandssensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P070A with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P070A, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P070D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Level Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Füllstandssensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P070A with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P070A, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P070E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Level Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Füllstandssensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P070A with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P070A, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P070F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Level Too Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Füllstand zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fluid level sensor reports level below the safe minimum - risk of pump cavitation, hydraulic pressure loss and gearbox damage. Drive carefully or stop and refill.",
        "de": "Der Füllstandssensor meldet einen Pegel unter dem sicheren Minimum - Risiko von Pumpenkavitation, Druckverlust und Getriebeschaden. Fahrt vorsichtig fortsetzen oder anhalten und nachfüllen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_level_sensor",
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission leak",
            "de": "Getriebe-Leckage"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0710",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöltemperatursensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid temperature sensor A signal is missing or out of range. Used by shift logic to adapt timings to fluid viscosity.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Getriebeöltemperatursensors A fehlt oder liegt außerhalb des Bereichs. Wird von der Schaltlogik genutzt, um Schaltzeiten an die Ölviskosität anzupassen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trans_temp_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internally faulty",
            "de": "Sensor intern defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Kabelfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0712",
        "P0713"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0711",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid temperature sensor A reports a value within plausible range yet not matching the engine model - sensor drift or slow response.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöltemperatur-Sensor A meldet einen Wert im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zum Modell passt - Sensordrift oder träge Reaktion."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_temperature_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0712",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ATF temperature sensor signal voltage below the lower threshold — open, short to ground, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Getriebeöltemperatur-Sensors unter dem unteren Schwellwert — Unterbrechung, Masseschluss oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trans_temp_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Getriebetemperatur-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0713",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ATF temperature sensor signal voltage above the upper threshold — short to supply or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Getriebeöltemperatur-Sensors über dem oberen Schwellwert — Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trans_temp_sensor_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor circuit shorted to supply",
            "de": "Sensorkreis Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "trans_temp_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Getriebetemperatur-Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0712"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0714",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0711 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P0711, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_temperature_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0715",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Speed Sensor \"A\" Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinendrehzahlsensor \"A\" Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission input speed (turbine) sensor signal is missing or implausible. Without this signal, the TCM cannot detect torque converter slip or calculate gear ratio in real time, and shifts become harsh.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Getriebeeingangs-(Turbinen-)drehzahlsensors fehlt oder ist unplausibel. Ohne dieses Signal kann das TCM weder Schlupf am Drehmomentwandler erkennen noch die Übersetzung in Echtzeit berechnen — die Schaltvorgänge werden hart."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_input_speed_sensor",
        "transmission_input_speed_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "input_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Eingangsdrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "speed_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0716",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Speed Sensor \"A\" Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinendrehzahlsensor \"A\" Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission input/turbine speed sensor signal is implausible compared to engine RPM and current gear ratio. Often caused by a failing sensor, debris on the reluctor, or wiring noise.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Getriebe-Eingangs- bzw. Turbinendrehzahlsensors ist gegenüber Motordrehzahl und aktuellem Übersetzungsverhältnis unplausibel. Häufige Ursachen — defekter Sensor, Späne am Geberrad oder Leitungsstörungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_input_speed_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "input_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Eingangsdrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring/connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0717",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Speed Sensor Circuit No Signal",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinendrehzahlsensor Stromkreis kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects no signal from the input/turbine speed sensor while the engine is running and the transmission is in gear. Without this signal the TCM cannot compute slip, and the transmission usually enters limp mode.",
        "de": "Das TCM erhält bei laufendem Motor und eingelegtem Gang kein Signal vom Eingangs-/Turbinendrehzahlsensor. Ohne dieses Signal kann das TCM keinen Schlupf berechnen, das Getriebe geht üblicherweise in Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_speed_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "input_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Eingangsdrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0716"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0718",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input or Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The input/turbine shaft speed sensor A reports intermittent signal - typical for damaged reluctor teeth, weak magnet, or harness fault.",
        "de": "Der Eingangs- oder Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A meldet ein aussetzendes Signal - typisch für beschädigte Geberradzähne, geschwächten Magneten oder Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_turbine_speed_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0719",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Switch B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremsschalter B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission control system sees the brake switch B input below the lower threshold. Used to release torque converter lockup on braking.",
        "de": "Die Getriebesteuerung sieht den Bremsschalter-B-Eingang unterhalb des unteren Schwellwerts. Wird genutzt, um die Wandlerüberbrückung beim Bremsen zu lösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_switch",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake switch defective",
            "de": "Bremsschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0571",
        "P0724"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P071A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch A Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebe-Modusschalter A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the transmission mode switch A - the driver-controlled switch that selects modes like Sport, Manual, Tow on automatic transmissions.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Getriebe-Modusschalter A - der vom Fahrer betätigte Schalter zur Wahl von Modi wie Sport, Manuell, Anhängerbetrieb bei Automatikgetrieben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P071B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebe-Modusschalter A Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P071A with the signal shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P071A, mit Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P071C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch A Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebe-Modusschalter A Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P071A with the signal shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P071A, mit Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P071D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch B Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebe-Modusschalter B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the transmission mode switch A - the driver-controlled switch that selects modes like Sport, Manual, Tow on automatic transmissions.",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Getriebe-Modusschalter A - der vom Fahrer betätigte Schalter zur Wahl von Modi wie Sport, Manuell, Anhängerbetrieb bei Automatikgetrieben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P071E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebe-Modusschalter B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P071B on switch B.",
        "de": "Wie P071B, an Schalter B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P071F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch B Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebe-Modusschalter B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P071C on switch B.",
        "de": "Wie P071C, an Schalter B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0720",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Output Speed Sensor Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Ausgangsdrehzahlsensor Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission output speed sensor signal is missing or implausible. The TCM uses this signal together with input speed to determine actual gear ratio; many vehicles also use it as a backup vehicle speed signal for the cluster and ECU.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Ausgangsdrehzahlsensors fehlt oder ist unplausibel. Das TCM nutzt es zusammen mit der Eingangsdrehzahl, um die tatsächliche Übersetzung zu bestimmen; viele Fahrzeuge nutzen es zudem als Backup-Geschwindigkeitssignal für Tacho und Motorsteuerung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_output_speed_sensor",
        "transmission_output_speed_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "output_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Ausgangsdrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "speed_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0721",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Output Speed Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abtriebsdrehzahlsensor Funktionsbereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission output speed sensor signal is implausible compared to vehicle speed and gear ratio. Sometimes set together with VSS or input-speed-sensor codes.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Getriebeabtriebsdrehzahlsensors ist gegenüber Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit und Übersetzungsverhältnis unplausibel. Wird teils gemeinsam mit Codes des VSS oder des Eingangsdrehzahlsensors gesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_output_speed_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "output_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Abtriebsdrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0720"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0722",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Output Speed Sensor Circuit No Signal",
        "de": "Ausgangsdrehzahlsensor Stromkreis kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects no output shaft speed signal while the vehicle is moving. Triggers shift abnormalities, speedometer issues, and limp-home mode.",
        "de": "Das TCM erhält im Fahrbetrieb kein Signal vom Ausgangswellensensor. Folge — abweichendes Schaltverhalten, fehlerhafter Tacho und Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "output_speed_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "output_speed_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Ausgangsdrehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0721"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0723",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Output Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Abtriebswellen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The input/turbine shaft speed sensor A reports intermittent signal - typical for damaged reluctor teeth, weak magnet, or harness fault.",
        "de": "Der Eingangs- oder Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A meldet ein aussetzendes Signal - typisch für beschädigte Geberradzähne, geschwächten Magneten oder Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "output_shaft_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0724",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Switch B Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremsschalter B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission control system sees the brake switch B input below the lower threshold. Used to release torque converter lockup on braking.",
        "de": "Die Getriebesteuerung sieht den Bremsschalter-B-Eingang unterhalb des unteren Schwellwerts. Wird genutzt, um die Wandlerüberbrückung beim Bremsen zu lösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_switch",
        "switch_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake switch defective",
            "de": "Bremsschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0719"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0725",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Speed Input Circuit",
        "de": "Motordrehzahl-Eingang Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the engine speed signal that the TCM receives from the ECM. Without this signal the TCM cannot synchronise gear shifts to engine load.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Motordrehzahlsignal, das das TCM vom ECM empfängt. Ohne dieses Signal kann das TCM die Schaltungen nicht zum Motorzustand synchronisieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_speed_signal_to_tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault between ECM and TCM",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler zwischen ECM und TCM"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0726",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Speed Input Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Motordrehzahl-Eingang Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0725 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P0725, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_speed_signal_to_tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal drift between ECM output and TCM input",
            "de": "Signaldrift zwischen ECM-Ausgang und TCM-Eingang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0727",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Speed Input Circuit No Signal",
        "de": "Motordrehzahl-Eingang kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission control module receives no engine speed signal. Required to coordinate shifts and torque converter lockup with engine state.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erhält kein Motordrehzahlsignal. Wird benötigt, um Schaltvorgänge und Wandlerüberbrückung mit dem Motorzustand abzustimmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "ecm",
        "canbus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "engine_speed_signal_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Speed signal lost on data bus",
            "de": "Drehzahlsignal auf Datenbus verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "canbus_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus communication fault",
            "de": "Kommunikationsfehler im Datenbus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0335",
        "P0700"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0728",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Speed Input Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Motordrehzahl-Eingang Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0725 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P0725, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_speed_signal_to_tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0729",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear 6 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "6. Gang falsche Übersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When 1st gear is commanded, the actual ratio between input and output speed sensors does not match the expected value. Indicates internal slip — typically worn clutches or low line pressure.",
        "de": "Wenn der 1. Gang angefordert wird, stimmt das gemessene Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangsdrehzahlsensor nicht mit dem Erwarteten überein. Hinweis auf inneren Schlupf — typischerweise verschlissene Kupplungen oder niedriger Leitungsdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "automatic_transmission",
        "shift_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Schaltsolenoid hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clutch_pack_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch pack worn or slipping",
            "de": "Lamellenkupplung verschlissen oder rutschend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0731"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P072A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Neutral",
        "de": "In Neutral festgefahren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects that the transmission is mechanically stuck in neutral - shift solenoids do not engage a gear despite commanded driving range. Driveline produces no torque.",
        "de": "Das TCM erkennt, dass das Getriebe mechanisch im Leerlauf festsitzt - die Schaltmagnete legen trotz Anforderung keinen Gang ein. Der Antriebsstrang überträgt kein Drehmoment."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission",
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Schaltmagnet hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P072B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck In Reverse",
        "de": "Im Rückwärtsgang festgefahren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P072A with the transmission stuck in reverse - cannot select forward driving range.",
        "de": "Wie P072A, mit Getriebe im Rückwärtsgang blockiert - der Vorwärtsfahrbereich lässt sich nicht wählen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Schaltmagnet hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P072C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Gear 1",
        "de": "In Gang 1 festgefahren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission is stuck in gear 1 - upshifts to higher gears are blocked by a stuck shift solenoid or hydraulic valve.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe ist im 1. Gang blockiert - das Hochschalten in höhere Gänge wird durch einen hängenden Schaltmagnet oder ein Hydraulikventil verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission",
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck in 1st gear position",
            "de": "Schaltmagnet im 1.-Gang-Pfad hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P072D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Gear 2",
        "de": "In Gang 2 festgefahren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission is stuck in gear 1 - upshifts to higher gears are blocked by a stuck shift solenoid or hydraulic valve.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe ist im 1. Gang blockiert - das Hochschalten in höhere Gänge wird durch einen hängenden Schaltmagnet oder ein Hydraulikventil verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Schaltmagnet hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P072E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Gear 3",
        "de": "In Gang 3 festgefahren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission is stuck in gear 1 - upshifts to higher gears are blocked by a stuck shift solenoid or hydraulic valve.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe ist im 1. Gang blockiert - das Hochschalten in höhere Gänge wird durch einen hängenden Schaltmagnet oder ein Hydraulikventil verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Schaltmagnet hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P072F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Gear 4",
        "de": "In Gang 4 festgefahren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission is stuck in gear 1 - upshifts to higher gears are blocked by a stuck shift solenoid or hydraulic valve.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe ist im 1. Gang blockiert - das Hochschalten in höhere Gänge wird durch einen hängenden Schaltmagnet oder ein Hydraulikventil verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Schaltmagnet hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0730",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Gear Ratio",
        "de": "Falsche Getriebeübersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ratio between input and output speed does not match any expected gear. Indicates slippage, valve body fault or sensor inaccuracy without identifying a specific gear.",
        "de": "Das Verhältnis zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangsdrehzahl passt zu keinem erwarteten Gang. Hinweis auf Schlupf, Schieberkasten-Fehler oder Sensorungenauigkeit ohne Zuordnung zu einem bestimmten Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "automatic_transmission",
        "valve_body",
        "speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transmission_slippage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal slippage",
            "de": "Interner Schlupf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve body fault",
            "de": "Schieberkastenfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "speed_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Speed sensor reading inaccurate",
            "de": "Drehzahlsensor ungenau"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0731",
        "P0732",
        "P0733",
        "P0734",
        "P0735",
        "P0736"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0731",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear 1 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Gang 1 falsche Übersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When 1st gear is commanded, the actual ratio between input and output speed sensors does not match the expected value. Indicates internal slip — typically worn clutches or low line pressure.",
        "de": "Wenn der 1. Gang angefordert wird, stimmt das gemessene Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangsdrehzahlsensor nicht mit dem Erwarteten überein. Hinweis auf inneren Schlupf — typischerweise verschlissene Kupplungen oder niedriger Leitungsdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_clutch_pack",
        "transmission_valve_body",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_pack_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "1st gear clutch pack worn",
            "de": "Kupplungspaket 1. Gang verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "line_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Line pressure low (pump or valve body)",
            "de": "Leitungsdruck zu niedrig (Pumpe oder Schaltschieberkasten)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0732",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear 2 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Gang 2 falsche Übersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When 1st gear is commanded, the actual ratio between input and output speed sensors does not match the expected value. Indicates internal slip — typically worn clutches or low line pressure.",
        "de": "Wenn der 1. Gang angefordert wird, stimmt das gemessene Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangsdrehzahlsensor nicht mit dem Erwarteten überein. Hinweis auf inneren Schlupf — typischerweise verschlissene Kupplungen oder niedriger Leitungsdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_clutch_pack",
        "transmission_valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_pack_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "2nd gear clutch pack worn",
            "de": "Kupplungspaket 2. Gang verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "line_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Line pressure low",
            "de": "Leitungsdruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0731"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0733",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear 3 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Gang 3 falsche Übersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When 1st gear is commanded, the actual ratio between input and output speed sensors does not match the expected value. Indicates internal slip — typically worn clutches or low line pressure.",
        "de": "Wenn der 1. Gang angefordert wird, stimmt das gemessene Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangsdrehzahlsensor nicht mit dem Erwarteten überein. Hinweis auf inneren Schlupf — typischerweise verschlissene Kupplungen oder niedriger Leitungsdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_clutch_pack",
        "transmission_valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_pack_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "3rd gear clutch pack worn",
            "de": "Kupplungspaket 3. Gang verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0731"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0734",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear 4 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Gang 4 falsche Übersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When 1st gear is commanded, the actual ratio between input and output speed sensors does not match the expected value. Indicates internal slip — typically worn clutches or low line pressure.",
        "de": "Wenn der 1. Gang angefordert wird, stimmt das gemessene Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangsdrehzahlsensor nicht mit dem Erwarteten überein. Hinweis auf inneren Schlupf — typischerweise verschlissene Kupplungen oder niedriger Leitungsdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_clutch_pack",
        "torque_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_pack_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "4th gear clutch pack worn",
            "de": "Kupplungspaket 4. Gang verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0731",
        "P0741"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0735",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear 5 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Gang 5 falsche Übersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When 1st gear is commanded, the actual ratio between input and output speed sensors does not match the expected value. Indicates internal slip — typically worn clutches or low line pressure.",
        "de": "Wenn der 1. Gang angefordert wird, stimmt das gemessene Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangsdrehzahlsensor nicht mit dem Erwarteten überein. Hinweis auf inneren Schlupf — typischerweise verschlissene Kupplungen oder niedriger Leitungsdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_pack_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "5th gear clutch pack worn",
            "de": "Kupplungspaket 5. Gang verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0731"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0736",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reverse Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Rückwärtsgang falsche Übersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detected a ratio mismatch in reverse — likely a stuck solenoid, slipping clutch, or worn band.",
        "de": "Das TCM erkennt eine falsche Übersetzung im Rückwärtsgang — wahrscheinlich hängendes Magnetventil, rutschende Kupplung oder verschlissenes Band."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "automatic_transmission",
        "shift_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Schaltsolenoid hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reverse_band_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reverse clutch/band worn",
            "de": "Rückwärtskupplung/Band verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0731"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0737",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Engine Speed Output Circuit",
        "de": "TCM Motordrehzahl-Ausgang Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault on the engine speed value the TCM sends to other modules (rev counter, hybrid module).",
        "de": "Stromkreisfehler am Motordrehzahl-Ausgang, den das TCM an andere Module (Drehzahlmesser, Hybridmodul) sendet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_engine_speed_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in output line",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ausgangsleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0738",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Engine Speed Output Circuit Low",
        "de": "TCM Motordrehzahl-Ausgang Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0737 with the output shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P0737, mit Ausgang gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_engine_speed_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0739",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Engine Speed Output Circuit High",
        "de": "TCM Motordrehzahl-Ausgang Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0737 with the output shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P0737, mit Ausgang gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_engine_speed_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P073A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Gear 5",
        "de": "In Gang 5 festgefahren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission is stuck in gear 1 - upshifts to higher gears are blocked by a stuck shift solenoid or hydraulic valve.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe ist im 1. Gang blockiert - das Hochschalten in höhere Gänge wird durch einen hängenden Schaltmagnet oder ein Hydraulikventil verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Schaltmagnet hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P073B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Gear 6",
        "de": "In Gang 6 festgefahren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission is stuck in gear 1 - upshifts to higher gears are blocked by a stuck shift solenoid or hydraulic valve.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe ist im 1. Gang blockiert - das Hochschalten in höhere Gänge wird durch einen hängenden Schaltmagnet oder ein Hydraulikventil verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Schaltmagnet hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P073C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Gear 7",
        "de": "In Gang 7 festgefahren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission is stuck in gear 1 - upshifts to higher gears are blocked by a stuck shift solenoid or hydraulic valve.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe ist im 1. Gang blockiert - das Hochschalten in höhere Gänge wird durch einen hängenden Schaltmagnet oder ein Hydraulikventil verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Schaltmagnet hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P073D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Neutral",
        "de": "Neutralstellung nicht einlegbar"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot disengage all gears to neutral - typically a stuck clutch pack or hydraulic pressure issue keeping a gear engaged.",
        "de": "Das TCM kann keinen Gang vollständig auslegen - meist klemmende Lamellenkupplung oder hydraulisches Druckproblem, das einen Gang eingelegt hält."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission",
        "clutch_packs"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch pack stuck applied",
            "de": "Lamellenkupplung bleibt eingerückt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P073E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Reverse",
        "de": "Rückwärtsgang nicht einlegbar"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reverse cannot be engaged when commanded - reverse-band, clutch pack or hydraulic pressure on the reverse circuit has failed.",
        "de": "Der Rückwärtsgang lässt sich auf Anforderung nicht einlegen - Rückwärtsband, Kupplungspaket oder Hydraulikdruck im Rückwärtskreis sind defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "reverse_clutch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reverse clutch or band failed",
            "de": "Rückwärtskupplung oder -band defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P073F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Gear 1",
        "de": "Gang 1 nicht einlegbar"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission cannot engage gear 1 - typically a failed shift solenoid, clutch pack, or hydraulic supply problem on the gear-1 circuit.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe kann den 1. Gang nicht einlegen - meist defekter Schaltmagnet, Kupplungspaket oder Hydraulikproblem im 1.-Gang-Kreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gear1_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gear 1 circuit failed",
            "de": "1.-Gang-Kreis defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0740",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Circuit Malfunction",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung Schaltung Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault has been detected in the torque converter clutch (TCC) lockup circuit. The TCC mechanically links the engine to the transmission input shaft above a certain speed to eliminate slip and improve fuel economy.",
        "de": "Im Steuerkreis der Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung (TCC) wurde eine allgemeine Störung erkannt. Die TCC verbindet Motor und Getriebeeingangswelle oberhalb einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit mechanisch, um Schlupf zu eliminieren und den Verbrauch zu senken."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_converter",
        "tcc_solenoid",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcc_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCC solenoid failed",
            "de": "TCC-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "transmission_fluid_low_or_burnt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission fluid low or burnt",
            "de": "Getriebeöl niedrig oder verbrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcc_solenoid_wiring",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault to solenoid",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler zum Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0741",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung Funktion/hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When the TCM commands torque converter lockup, the actual slip stays above threshold — the clutch is not engaging. Often signals worn TCC friction material; transmission fluid analysis usually shows debris.",
        "de": "Wenn das TCM die Wandlerüberbrückung aktiviert, bleibt der gemessene Schlupf über dem Schwellwert — die Kupplung greift nicht. Hinweis auf verschlissenes TCC-Reibmaterial; eine Analyse des Getriebeöls zeigt meist Abrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_converter",
        "tcc_solenoid",
        "transmission_valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcc_friction_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCC friction material worn",
            "de": "TCC-Reibbelag verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcc_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCC solenoid stuck or slow to react",
            "de": "TCC-Magnetventil hängt oder reagiert träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve body wear (loss of clamping pressure)",
            "de": "Verschleiß im Schaltschieberkasten (Verlust des Anpressdrucks)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0740"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0742",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Circuit Stuck On",
        "de": "Wandlerkupplung Stromkreis dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque converter clutch (TCC) cannot disengage. Symptom is engine stalling when coming to a stop, because the engine is mechanically locked to the transmission output.",
        "de": "Die Wandlerkupplung (TCC) lässt sich nicht öffnen. Symptom — der Motor stirbt beim Anhalten ab, weil er mechanisch mit dem Getriebeausgang verbunden bleibt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_converter_clutch_solenoid",
        "transmission_valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcc_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCC solenoid stuck on",
            "de": "Wandlerkupplungs-Magnetventil hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve body contaminated",
            "de": "Schaltschieberkasten verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0740",
        "P0741"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0743",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Circuit Electrical",
        "de": "Wandlerkupplung Stromkreis elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault in the torque converter clutch solenoid circuit — open, shorted, or out-of-range driver current. The transmission usually inhibits TCC apply when this code is active.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des Wandlerkupplungs-Magnetventils — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibler Treiberstrom. Das Getriebe sperrt bei aktivem Code in der Regel die Wandlerkupplung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_converter_clutch_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcc_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCC solenoid electrically failed",
            "de": "TCC-Magnetventil elektrisch defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring/connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel-/Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0740",
        "P0741",
        "P0742"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0744",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungskupplung Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCC circuit drops in and out — intermittent open or short. Symptoms include erratic shudder at lock-up speeds and intermittent engine stalls when stopping.",
        "de": "Der TCC-Stromkreis fällt sporadisch aus — wechselnde Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss. Symptome — unregelmäßiges Rütteln beim Zuschalten und gelegentliches Abwürgen beim Anhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcc_wiring_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent wiring fault",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kabelfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcc_solenoid_failing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCC solenoid failing",
            "de": "TCC-Magnet defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0740",
        "P0741"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0745",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid A",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnet A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault on transmission pressure control solenoid A - the solenoid that meters main line pressure for the entire valve body.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Druckregelmagnet A des Getriebes - der Magnet, der den Hauptlinien-Druck für das gesamte Schaltventilgehäuse einstellt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0746",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid A Performance",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil A Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid A response does not match command. Line pressure does not track expected values, leading to harsh, slipping or delayed shifts.",
        "de": "Die Reaktion des Druckregelmagnetventils A passt nicht zur Vorgabe. Der Leitungsdruck folgt den Sollwerten nicht, was zu harten, schlupfenden oder verzögerten Schaltungen führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pcs_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid sticking mechanically",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pcs_solenoid_electrical",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid electrical drift",
            "de": "Elektrische Drift des Magnetventils"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0747",
        "P0775",
        "P0776",
        "P0796"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0747",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid A Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil A festsitzend ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid A appears electrically commanded off but pressure feedback indicates it is stuck on. Line pressure stays high.",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil A wird elektrisch ausgeschaltet, die Druckrückmeldung zeigt jedoch, dass es eingeschaltet bleibt. Der Leitungsdruck bleibt hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pcs_solenoid_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck on mechanically",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch in Ein-Stellung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve body contamination",
            "de": "Verschmutzung im Schieberkasten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0746"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0748",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid A Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnet A - Elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault on the pressure control solenoid A circuit - typically open or short to ground or supply.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis des Druckregelmagneten A - meist Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_or_solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness or solenoid electrical fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaum- oder Magnetfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0749",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid A Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnet A - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0748 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P0748, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P074A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Gear 2",
        "de": "Gang 2 nicht einlegbar"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission cannot engage gear 1 - typically a failed shift solenoid, clutch pack, or hydraulic supply problem on the gear-1 circuit.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe kann den 1. Gang nicht einlegen - meist defekter Schaltmagnet, Kupplungspaket oder Hydraulikproblem im 1.-Gang-Kreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gear2_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gear 2 circuit failed",
            "de": "2.-Gang-Kreis defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P074B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Gear 3",
        "de": "Gang 3 nicht einlegbar"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission cannot engage gear 1 - typically a failed shift solenoid, clutch pack, or hydraulic supply problem on the gear-1 circuit.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe kann den 1. Gang nicht einlegen - meist defekter Schaltmagnet, Kupplungspaket oder Hydraulikproblem im 1.-Gang-Kreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gear3_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gear 3 circuit failed",
            "de": "3.-Gang-Kreis defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P074C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Gear 4",
        "de": "Gang 4 nicht einlegbar"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission cannot engage gear 1 - typically a failed shift solenoid, clutch pack, or hydraulic supply problem on the gear-1 circuit.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe kann den 1. Gang nicht einlegen - meist defekter Schaltmagnet, Kupplungspaket oder Hydraulikproblem im 1.-Gang-Kreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gear4_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gear 4 circuit failed",
            "de": "4.-Gang-Kreis defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P074D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Gear 5",
        "de": "Gang 5 nicht einlegbar"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission cannot engage gear 1 - typically a failed shift solenoid, clutch pack, or hydraulic supply problem on the gear-1 circuit.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe kann den 1. Gang nicht einlegen - meist defekter Schaltmagnet, Kupplungspaket oder Hydraulikproblem im 1.-Gang-Kreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gear5_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gear 5 circuit failed",
            "de": "5.-Gang-Kreis defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P074E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Gear 6",
        "de": "Gang 6 nicht einlegbar"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission cannot engage gear 1 - typically a failed shift solenoid, clutch pack, or hydraulic supply problem on the gear-1 circuit.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe kann den 1. Gang nicht einlegen - meist defekter Schaltmagnet, Kupplungspaket oder Hydraulikproblem im 1.-Gang-Kreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gear6_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gear 6 circuit failed",
            "de": "6.-Gang-Kreis defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P074F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Gear 7",
        "de": "Gang 7 nicht einlegbar"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission cannot engage gear 1 - typically a failed shift solenoid, clutch pack, or hydraulic supply problem on the gear-1 circuit.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe kann den 1. Gang nicht einlegen - meist defekter Schaltmagnet, Kupplungspaket oder Hydraulikproblem im 1.-Gang-Kreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gear7_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gear 7 circuit failed",
            "de": "7.-Gang-Kreis defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0750",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid \"A\" Malfunction",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid \"A\" Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical or hydraulic fault in shift solenoid A. Shift solenoids open or close hydraulic passages inside the valve body to engage the right clutch pack for each gear; a stuck or shorted solenoid causes harsh shifts, no-shift, or limp-home.",
        "de": "Elektrischer oder hydraulischer Fehler am Schaltsolenoid A. Schaltsolenoide öffnen oder schließen Hydraulikkanäle im Schaltschieberkasten, um die jeweils benötigten Kupplungen einzulegen; ein hängendes oder kurzgeschlossenes Magnetventil verursacht harte Schaltungen, fehlende Schaltungen oder Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "transmission_valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck (debris, varnish)",
            "de": "Magnetventil hängend (Späne, Lackbildung)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_electrical",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted winding",
            "de": "Wicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0751",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid A Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid A Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid A is electrically intact but its mechanical response does not match command. Often caused by mechanical sticking or contamination.",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, die mechanische Reaktion passt jedoch nicht zur Vorgabe. Häufig durch mechanisches Hängen oder Verschmutzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid sticking mechanically",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve body contamination",
            "de": "Verschmutzung im Schieberkasten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0750",
        "P0755",
        "P0756",
        "P0761",
        "P0766"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0752",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid A Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltmagnet A - hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid A is stuck on - hydraulic pressure to its gear circuit stays applied even when the TCM commands deactivation.",
        "de": "Der Schaltmagnet A bleibt aktiviert - der Hydraulikdruck im zugehörigen Gangkreis bleibt anliegen, obwohl das TCM Deaktivierung angefordert hat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open",
            "de": "Magnet bleibt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0753",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid A Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltmagnet A - Elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical fault on shift solenoid A - open or short on the control circuit.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagneten A - Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_or_solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness or solenoid electrical fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaum- oder Magnetfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0754",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid A Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltmagnet A - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0753 with intermittent signal.",
        "de": "Wie P0753, mit aussetzendem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0755",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid \"B\" Malfunction",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid \"B\" Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical or hydraulic fault in shift solenoid A. Shift solenoids open or close hydraulic passages inside the valve body to engage the right clutch pack for each gear; a stuck or shorted solenoid causes harsh shifts, no-shift, or limp-home.",
        "de": "Elektrischer oder hydraulischer Fehler am Schaltsolenoid A. Schaltsolenoide öffnen oder schließen Hydraulikkanäle im Schaltschieberkasten, um die jeweils benötigten Kupplungen einzulegen; ein hängendes oder kurzgeschlossenes Magnetventil verursacht harte Schaltungen, fehlende Schaltungen oder Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "transmission_valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Magnetventil hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_electrical",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted winding",
            "de": "Wicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0750"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0756",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid B Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid B Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid A is electrically intact but its mechanical response does not match command. Often caused by mechanical sticking or contamination.",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, die mechanische Reaktion passt jedoch nicht zur Vorgabe. Häufig durch mechanisches Hängen oder Verschmutzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid sticking mechanically",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0751",
        "P0755",
        "P0761",
        "P0766"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0757",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid B Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltmagnet B - hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid A is stuck on - hydraulic pressure to its gear circuit stays applied even when the TCM commands deactivation.",
        "de": "Der Schaltmagnet A bleibt aktiviert - der Hydraulikdruck im zugehörigen Gangkreis bleibt anliegen, obwohl das TCM Deaktivierung angefordert hat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open",
            "de": "Magnet bleibt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0758",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid \"B\" Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid \"B\" Elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on shift solenoid B circuit — open winding, short to ground, or short to supply.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des Schaltsolenoids B — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_electrical",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted winding",
            "de": "Wicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0759",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid B Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltmagnet B - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P0754 on shift solenoid B.",
        "de": "Wie P0754, am Schaltmagnet B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P075A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid G",
        "de": "Schaltmagnet G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault on shift solenoid G - typically the seventh shift solenoid in transmissions with 7 or more gears.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Schaltmagnet G - meist der siebte Schaltmagnet bei Getrieben mit 7 oder mehr Gängen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P075B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid G Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil G Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid G is electrically intact, but its hydraulic effect is missing — when commanded on, the gear it should engage does not lock up. Either the solenoid is mechanically stuck closed, the valve body bore is worn, or hydraulic pressure does not reach the clutch pack.",
        "de": "Das Schaltmagnetventil G ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch seine hydraulische Wirkung bleibt aus — auf Befehl rastet der zugehörige Gang nicht ein. Entweder hängt das Magnetventil mechanisch geschlossen, die Ventilbohrung im Schieberkasten ist verschlissen, oder der Hydraulikdruck erreicht das Kupplungspaket nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_g",
        "valve_body",
        "clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_closed_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck closed by debris in the ATF",
            "de": "Magnetventil durch Schmutz im ATF geschlossen festgesteckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "worn_valve_body",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore leaking pressure",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilbohrung im Schieberkasten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dirty_atf",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Old, contaminated transmission fluid",
            "de": "Altes, verschmutztes Getriebeöl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P075C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid G Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil G dauerhaft geschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid G remains hydraulically active even when the TCM commands it off. The corresponding clutch or band stays applied, blocking shifts that need it released — typical symptoms are harsh engagement, stuck in a single gear, or refusal to shift cleanly.",
        "de": "Das Schaltmagnetventil G bleibt hydraulisch aktiv, obwohl die Getriebesteuerung Aus befiehlt. Die zugehörige Kupplung oder Bremsband bleibt geschlossen und blockiert Schaltvorgänge, die ein Lösen verlangen — typisch sind harte Schaltschläge, Festhängen in einem Gang oder unsauberes Schalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_g",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_open_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open by debris",
            "de": "Magnetventil durch Schmutz offen festgesteckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_valve_spool",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck valve spool in the valve body",
            "de": "Klemmender Steuerschieber im Schieberkasten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P075B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P075D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid G Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil G elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the shift solenoid G control circuit — open coil, short to ground, short to battery voltage, or driver feedback outside the expected range. The TCM disables this solenoid and falls back to limp-home gear logic to protect the transmission.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils G — offene Spule, Masseschluss, Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder Treiber-Rückmeldung außerhalb des Bereichs. Die Getriebesteuerung deaktiviert das Ventil und fällt zum Schutz auf eine Notlaufgang-Logik zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_g",
        "tcm",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_coil",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Magnetventilspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged wiring at the transmission case connector",
            "de": "Beschädigte Verkabelung am Getriebestecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contaminated_connector",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ATF-soaked connector causing leakage path",
            "de": "ATF-getränkter Stecker mit Leckpfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P075B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P075E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid G Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil G aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid G shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic dropouts — vibration on the harness, loose connector, contaminated ATF that occasionally jams the spool, or thermal sensitivity. Difficult to catch with a static check; usually documented by snapshot/freeze-frame data when the fault occurs.",
        "de": "Das Schaltmagnetventil G zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Aussetzer — Vibration am Kabelbaum, lockerer Stecker, verschmutztes ATF, das den Schieber gelegentlich klemmt, oder Temperaturabhängigkeit. Schwer mit einer Statikprüfung zu fassen; meist über Snapshot-/Freeze-Frame-Daten dokumentiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_g",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector at the transmission",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker am Getriebe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_sensitivity",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hot-soak intermittent inside the solenoid",
            "de": "Hitze-bedingter Aussetzer im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P075B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P075F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Level Too High",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Füllstand zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid level monitor reports overfill above the safe maximum. Causes range from incorrect refill at service to coolant intrusion via a failed transmission cooler. Overfilling can cause foaming, accelerated wear and seal damage from raised internal pressure.",
        "de": "Die Getriebeöl-Füllstandsüberwachung meldet eine Überfüllung. Ursachen reichen von zu viel Öl beim Service bis zu Kühlmittel-Eintritt über einen defekten Getriebeölkühler. Überfüllung führt zu Schaumbildung, beschleunigtem Verschleiß und Dichtungsschäden durch erhöhten Innendruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid",
        "transmission_cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "overfilled_at_service",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Overfilled at last service",
            "de": "Beim letzten Service zu viel eingefüllt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_intrusion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant intrusion through a failed transmission cooler",
            "de": "Kühlmitteleintrag durch defekten Getriebeölkühler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0760",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid \"C\" Malfunction",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid \"C\" Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical or hydraulic fault in shift solenoid A. Shift solenoids open or close hydraulic passages inside the valve body to engage the right clutch pack for each gear; a stuck or shorted solenoid causes harsh shifts, no-shift, or limp-home.",
        "de": "Elektrischer oder hydraulischer Fehler am Schaltsolenoid A. Schaltsolenoide öffnen oder schließen Hydraulikkanäle im Schaltschieberkasten, um die jeweils benötigten Kupplungen einzulegen; ein hängendes oder kurzgeschlossenes Magnetventil verursacht harte Schaltungen, fehlende Schaltungen oder Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "transmission_valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Magnetventil hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_electrical",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted winding",
            "de": "Wicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0750"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0761",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid C Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid C Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid A is electrically intact but its mechanical response does not match command. Often caused by mechanical sticking or contamination.",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, die mechanische Reaktion passt jedoch nicht zur Vorgabe. Häufig durch mechanisches Hängen oder Verschmutzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid sticking mechanically",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0751",
        "P0756",
        "P0760",
        "P0766"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0762",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid C Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil C dauerhaft geschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid C remains hydraulically active when commanded off — the corresponding clutch or band cannot release, locking out shifts that depend on it. The TCM detects the missing release via gear-ratio error or output-shaft slip.",
        "de": "Das Schaltmagnetventil C bleibt hydraulisch aktiv, wenn Aus befohlen wird — die zugehörige Kupplung oder Bremsband kann nicht öffnen und blockiert davon abhängige Schaltvorgänge. Die Getriebesteuerung erkennt das fehlende Lösen über einen Gangverhältnisfehler oder Ausgangswellen-Schlupf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_c",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_open_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open by debris",
            "de": "Magnetventil durch Schmutz offen festgesteckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_valve_spool",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck valve spool",
            "de": "Klemmender Steuerschieber"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0763",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid \"C\" Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid \"C\" Elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on shift solenoid B circuit — open winding, short to ground, or short to supply.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des Schaltsolenoids B — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_electrical",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted winding",
            "de": "Wicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0758"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0764",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid C Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil C aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid C shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic dropouts — vibration, loose connector, ATF contamination or thermal sensitivity. Hard to reproduce on a static bench check.",
        "de": "Das Schaltmagnetventil C zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Aussetzer — Vibration, lockerer Stecker, ATF-Verschmutzung oder Temperaturabhängigkeit. Auf der Werkbank schwer reproduzierbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_c",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector at the transmission",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker am Getriebe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_sensitivity",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hot-soak intermittent",
            "de": "Hitze-bedingter Aussetzer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0762"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0765",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid \"D\" Malfunction",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid \"D\" Fehlfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An electrical or hydraulic fault in shift solenoid A. Shift solenoids open or close hydraulic passages inside the valve body to engage the right clutch pack for each gear; a stuck or shorted solenoid causes harsh shifts, no-shift, or limp-home.",
        "de": "Elektrischer oder hydraulischer Fehler am Schaltsolenoid A. Schaltsolenoide öffnen oder schließen Hydraulikkanäle im Schaltschieberkasten, um die jeweils benötigten Kupplungen einzulegen; ein hängendes oder kurzgeschlossenes Magnetventil verursacht harte Schaltungen, fehlende Schaltungen oder Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "transmission_valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Magnetventil hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_electrical",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted winding",
            "de": "Wicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0750"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0766",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid D Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid D Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid A is electrically intact but its mechanical response does not match command. Often caused by mechanical sticking or contamination.",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, die mechanische Reaktion passt jedoch nicht zur Vorgabe. Häufig durch mechanisches Hängen oder Verschmutzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid sticking mechanically",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0751",
        "P0756",
        "P0761",
        "P0765"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0767",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid D Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil D dauerhaft geschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid D remains hydraulically active when commanded off — corresponding clutch or band cannot release. The TCM detects the missing release via gear-ratio error.",
        "de": "Das Schaltmagnetventil D bleibt hydraulisch aktiv, wenn Aus befohlen wird — die zugehörige Kupplung oder Bremsband kann nicht öffnen. Erkannt über Gangverhältnisfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_d",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_open_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open by debris",
            "de": "Magnetventil durch Schmutz offen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0768",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid \"D\" Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid \"D\" Elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on shift solenoid B circuit — open winding, short to ground, or short to supply.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des Schaltsolenoids B — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_electrical",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted winding",
            "de": "Wicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0758"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0769",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid D Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil D aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid D shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic dropouts.",
        "de": "Das Schaltmagnetventil D zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_d",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector at the transmission",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker am Getriebe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0767"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P076A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid H",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault on shift solenoid H — used in 8/9/10-speed transmissions where multiple shift solenoids manage the larger gear matrix. The TCM detects an electrical or hydraulic anomaly without yet being able to attribute it to a specific failure mode.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Schaltmagnetventil H — eingesetzt in 8-/9-/10-Gang-Getrieben, wo mehrere Schaltmagnete die größere Gangmatrix verwalten. Die Getriebesteuerung erkennt eine elektrische oder hydraulische Anomalie, ohne sie direkt einem spezifischen Fehlermodus zuordnen zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_h",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid electrical or hydraulic fault",
            "de": "Elektrischer oder hydraulischer Fehler am Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P076B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid H Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil H Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid H is electrically intact but does not engage hydraulically when commanded — corresponding clutch or band does not lock up.",
        "de": "Das Schaltmagnetventil H ist elektrisch in Ordnung, schaltet aber bei Befehl hydraulisch nicht — die zugehörige Kupplung oder Bremsband rastet nicht ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_h",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_closed_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck closed by debris",
            "de": "Magnetventil durch Schmutz geschlossen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P076A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P076C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid H Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil H dauerhaft geschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid H remains hydraulically active when commanded off — corresponding clutch or band cannot release, blocking dependent shifts.",
        "de": "Das Schaltmagnetventil H bleibt hydraulisch aktiv, wenn Aus befohlen wird — die zugehörige Kupplung oder Bremsband kann nicht öffnen und blockiert abhängige Schaltvorgänge."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_h",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_open_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open",
            "de": "Magnetventil offen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P076A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P076D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid H Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil H elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the shift solenoid H control circuit — open coil, short to ground or battery, driver feedback outside range.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils H — offene Spule, Masse-/Batteriekurzschluss, Treiber-Rückmeldung außerhalb des Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_h",
        "tcm",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_coil",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Magnetventilspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged wiring at the transmission connector",
            "de": "Beschädigte Verkabelung am Getriebestecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P076A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P076E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid H Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil H aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid H shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic dropouts.",
        "de": "Das Schaltmagnetventil H zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_h",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector at the transmission",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker am Getriebe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P076A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P076F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear 7 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Gang 7 falsches Übersetzungsverhältnis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "While in 7th gear, the ratio measured between input shaft speed and output shaft speed does not match the calibrated value for that gear. Either a clutch or band is slipping, the wrong gear actually engaged, or speed sensor data is wrong.",
        "de": "Im 7. Gang stimmt das Verhältnis zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangswellendrehzahl nicht mit dem kalibrierten Wert überein. Entweder schlupft eine Kupplung oder Bremsband, der falsche Gang ist tatsächlich eingelegt, oder Drehzahlsensor-Daten stimmen nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack",
        "friction_band",
        "speed_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Slipping clutch in 7th gear element",
            "de": "Schlupfende Kupplung im 7.-Gang-Element"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_command_wrong_gear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong shift solenoid pattern engaging the wrong gear",
            "de": "Falsches Schaltmagnet-Muster legt den falschen Gang ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0770",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid E",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault on shift solenoid E. The TCM detects an electrical or hydraulic anomaly that has not yet been pinned to a specific failure mode.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Schaltmagnetventil E. Die Getriebesteuerung erkennt eine elektrische oder hydraulische Anomalie, ohne sie direkt einem spezifischen Fehlermodus zuzuordnen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_e",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid electrical or hydraulic fault",
            "de": "Elektrischer oder hydraulischer Fehler am Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0771",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid E Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil E Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid E is electrically intact but does not engage hydraulically — associated clutch or band does not lock up.",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil E ist elektrisch in Ordnung, schaltet aber hydraulisch nicht — die zugehörige Kupplung oder Bremsband rastet nicht ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_e",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_closed_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck closed",
            "de": "Magnetventil geschlossen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0770"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0772",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid E Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil E dauerhaft geschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid E remains hydraulically active when commanded off — associated clutch or band cannot release, blocking dependent shifts.",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil E bleibt hydraulisch aktiv, wenn Aus befohlen wird — die zugehörige Kupplung oder Bremsband kann nicht öffnen und blockiert abhängige Schaltvorgänge."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_e",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_open_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open",
            "de": "Magnetventil offen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0770"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0773",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid \"E\" Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid \"E\" Elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on shift solenoid B circuit — open winding, short to ground, or short to supply.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des Schaltsolenoids B — offene Wicklung, Masseschluss oder Kurzschluss gegen Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "solenoid_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_electrical",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted winding",
            "de": "Wicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabel- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0758"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0774",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid E Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil E aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid E shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic dropouts — vibration, loose connector or ATF contamination.",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil E zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Aussetzer — Vibration, lockerer Stecker oder ATF-Verschmutzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_e",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector at the transmission",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker am Getriebe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0770"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0775",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid B",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on pressure control solenoid B circuit. Either electrical or response fault depending on manufacturer.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Schaltkreis des Druckregelmagnetventils B — je nach Hersteller elektrischer Fehler oder Reaktionsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pcs_solenoid_b_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid B defective",
            "de": "Magnetventil B defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve body contamination",
            "de": "Verschmutzung im Schieberkasten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0746",
        "P0776",
        "P0796"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0776",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid B Performance",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil B Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid A response does not match command. Line pressure does not track expected values, leading to harsh, slipping or delayed shifts.",
        "de": "Die Reaktion des Druckregelmagnetventils A passt nicht zur Vorgabe. Der Leitungsdruck folgt den Sollwerten nicht, was zu harten, schlupfenden oder verzögerten Schaltungen führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pcs_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid sticking mechanically",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0746",
        "P0775",
        "P0796"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0777",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid B Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Magnetventil B dauerhaft geschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid B does not release line pressure when commanded — output pressure remains at maximum, leading to harsh shifts and elevated stress on the clutch packs and seals.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Magnetventil B löst auf Befehl den Leitungsdruck nicht — der Ausgangsdruck bleibt am Maximum, was zu harten Schaltvorgängen und erhöhter Belastung von Kupplungspaketen und Dichtungen führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_b",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_open_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open by debris",
            "de": "Magnetventil durch Schmutz offen festgesteckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contaminated_atf",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated ATF clogging the pressure control valve",
            "de": "Verschmutztes ATF verstopft das Druckregelventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0778",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid B Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Magnetventil B elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the pressure control solenoid B circuit — open coil, short to ground or battery, or driver feedback outside the expected range.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuerkreis des Druckregel-Magnetventils B — offene Spule, Masse-/Batteriekurzschluss oder Treiber-Rückmeldung außerhalb des Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_b",
        "tcm",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_coil",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Magnetventilspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged wiring at the transmission case connector",
            "de": "Beschädigte Verkabelung am Getriebestecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0777"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0779",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid B Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Magnetventil B aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid B shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic dropouts — vibration, loose connector, or contaminated ATF that occasionally restricts the regulator port.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Magnetventil B zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Aussetzer — Vibration, lockerer Stecker oder verschmutztes ATF, das die Regelbohrung gelegentlich verengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector at the transmission",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker am Getriebe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0777"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P077A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Output Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit - Loss of Direction Signal",
        "de": "Ausgangswellen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis - Verlust des Richtungssignals"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output shaft speed sensor uses a quadrature output (two channels phase-shifted by 90°) so the TCM can determine direction of rotation. The direction channel is missing — TCM cannot tell whether the vehicle is rolling forward or backward, blocking neutral-idle and rollback-protection strategies.",
        "de": "Der Ausgangswellen-Drehzahlsensor liefert ein Quadratur-Signal (zwei um 90° phasenverschobene Kanäle), damit die Getriebesteuerung die Drehrichtung erkennen kann. Der Richtungskanal fehlt — die Steuerung kann nicht unterscheiden, ob das Fahrzeug vorwärts oder rückwärts rollt, was Neutral-Leerlauf und Rollback-Schutz blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "output_shaft_speed_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_direction_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open direction-channel wire",
            "de": "Richtungskanal-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed quadrature sensor element",
            "de": "Defektes Quadratur-Sensorelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P077B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Output Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit - Direction Error",
        "de": "Ausgangswellen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis - Richtungsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM reads a direction from the output shaft speed sensor that contradicts the commanded gear — for example reverse direction while drive is engaged, or forward direction while reverse is engaged. Either the sensor wiring is swapped, the sensor is wrong, or the gear actually engaged is not the one commanded.",
        "de": "Die Getriebesteuerung liest eine Drehrichtung vom Ausgangswellensensor, die dem kommandierten Gang widerspricht — z.B. Rückwärtsdrehung bei Drive oder Vorwärtsdrehung bei Reverse. Entweder ist die Sensorverkabelung getauscht, der Sensor falsch verbaut oder der tatsächlich eingelegte Gang stimmt nicht mit dem Befehl überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "output_shaft_speed_sensor",
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "swapped_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring swapped after service",
            "de": "Sensorverkabelung nach Service vertauscht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wrong_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong sensor part installed",
            "de": "Falsches Sensor-Bauteil verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P077A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P077C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Output Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ausgangswellen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Output shaft speed sensor signal voltage below the lower limit — short to ground or open supply. TCM disables vehicle-speed dependent shift logic and may force limp-home.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Ausgangswellen-Drehzahlsensors unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Masseschluss oder offene Versorgung. Die Getriebesteuerung deaktiviert geschwindigkeitsabhängige Schaltlogik und erzwingt ggf. Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "output_shaft_speed_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P077D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Output Shaft Speed Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Ausgangswellen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Output shaft speed sensor signal voltage above the upper limit — short to reference voltage or open signal return.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Ausgangswellen-Drehzahlsensors über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "output_shaft_speed_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P077C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P077E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Measurement System - Multiple Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperaturmesssystem - Mehrfach-Sensor-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Modern transmissions can have two or more ATF temperature sensors (sump, cooler return, valve body). After a long key-off soak they should all read approximately the same ambient. The TCM detects an implausible spread between sensors — one of them drifts or is wired wrong.",
        "de": "Moderne Getriebe haben oft zwei oder mehr ATF-Temperatursensoren (Wanne, Kühlerrücklauf, Schieberkasten). Nach langer Stillstandszeit sollten alle ungefähr dieselbe Umgebungstemperatur melden. Die Getriebesteuerung erkennt eine unplausible Differenz zwischen den Sensoren — einer driftet oder ist falsch verkabelt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "atf_temperature_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "drifting_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifting outside tolerance",
            "de": "Ein Sensor außerhalb der Toleranz gedriftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "swapped_sensors",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensors swapped after service",
            "de": "Sensoren nach Service vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P077F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reverse 2 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Rückwärtsgang 2 falsches Übersetzungsverhältnis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Some transmissions provide a second reverse ratio (typically a slower crawler reverse for trailer manoeuvring or hill descent). The TCM detects that the input/output ratio in this gear does not match its calibrated value — slipping clutch or wrong gear actually engaged.",
        "de": "Manche Getriebe bieten einen zweiten Rückwärtsgang (oft als langsame Kriechübersetzung für Anhängerrangieren oder Bergabfahrten). Die Getriebesteuerung erkennt, dass das Verhältnis Eingang/Ausgang in diesem Gang nicht zur Kalibrierung passt — schlupfende Kupplung oder falscher Gang tatsächlich eingelegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack",
        "friction_band"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Slipping clutch in reverse 2 element",
            "de": "Schlupfende Kupplung im Rev2-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0780",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Malfunction",
        "de": "Schaltvorgang Funktionsstörung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects that a commanded shift between gears did not occur within the expected time and quality window. Slip rates or speed ratios remain implausible during shift.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt, dass ein angeforderter Gangwechsel nicht innerhalb des erwarteten Zeit- und Qualitätsfensters stattfand. Schlupf oder Drehzahlverhältnisse bleiben unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_solenoid",
        "transmission_clutch_pack",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_atf",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low or degraded transmission fluid",
            "de": "Zu wenig oder verbrauchtes Getriebeöl"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid stuck or worn",
            "de": "Schaltmagnetventil klemmt oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch pack wear",
            "de": "Verschleiß der Lamellenkupplung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0781",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "1-2 Shift Malfunction",
        "de": "1-2 Schaltung Funktionsstörung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects a fault during the 1-to-2 upshift. The actual gear ratio after the shift command does not match the expected ratio for second gear.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen Fehler beim Hochschalten von 1 nach 2. Das tatsächliche Übersetzungsverhältnis entspricht nicht dem Sollwert für den 2. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_a",
        "transmission_clutch_pack",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_a_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid A faulty",
            "de": "Schaltmagnetventil A defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clutch_slip",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "1-2 clutch slipping",
            "de": "1-2 Kupplung rutscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0782",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "2-3 Shift Malfunction",
        "de": "2-3 Schaltung Funktionsstörung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects a fault during the 2-to-3 upshift. Gear ratio after shift command does not match third gear expected ratio.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen Fehler beim Hochschalten von 2 nach 3. Das Übersetzungsverhältnis nach dem Schaltbefehl stimmt nicht mit dem erwarteten 3. Gang überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_b",
        "transmission_clutch_pack",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_b_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid B faulty",
            "de": "Schaltmagnetventil B defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clutch_slip_23",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "2-3 clutch slipping",
            "de": "2-3 Kupplung rutscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0783",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "3-4 Shift Malfunction",
        "de": "3-4 Schaltung Funktionsstörung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects a fault during the 3-to-4 upshift, where gear ratio after the shift does not match fourth gear expected value.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen Fehler beim Hochschalten von 3 nach 4. Das Übersetzungsverhältnis entspricht nicht dem Sollwert für den 4. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "transmission_clutch_pack",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid faulty",
            "de": "Schaltmagnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clutch_slip_34",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "3-4 clutch slipping",
            "de": "3-4 Kupplung rutscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0784",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "4-5 Shift Malfunction",
        "de": "4-5 Schaltung Funktionsstörung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects a fault during the 4-to-5 upshift on transmissions equipped with five or more forward gears.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen Fehler beim Hochschalten von 4 nach 5 bei Getrieben mit fünf oder mehr Vorwärtsgängen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "transmission_clutch_pack",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault_45",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid faulty",
            "de": "Schaltmagnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clutch_slip_45",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "4-5 clutch slipping",
            "de": "4-5 Kupplung rutscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0785",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Timing Solenoid A",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault on shift timing solenoid A — controls the rate at which a shift event takes place (smooth ramp vs. quick snap). The TCM detects an electrical or hydraulic anomaly that has not yet been pinned to a specific failure mode.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Schaltzeit-Magnetventil A — steuert die Geschwindigkeit eines Schaltvorgangs (sanfte Rampe vs. schneller Schaltschlag). Die Getriebesteuerung erkennt eine elektrische oder hydraulische Anomalie ohne spezifische Fehlerzuordnung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_timing_solenoid_a",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid electrical or hydraulic fault",
            "de": "Elektrischer oder hydraulischer Fehler am Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0786",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Timing Solenoid A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift timing solenoid A is electrically intact, but the actual shift time does not match the model — shifts too fast (harsh) or too slow (slipping under load). Often aged solenoid with weakened force or contaminated ATF restricting the regulating port.",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch die tatsächliche Schaltzeit passt nicht zum Modell — Schaltung zu schnell (hart) oder zu langsam (rutschend unter Last). Häufig gealtertes Magnetventil mit verminderter Kraft oder verschmutztes ATF, das die Regelbohrung verengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_timing_solenoid_a",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid with weakened magnetic force",
            "de": "Gealtertes Magnetventil mit verminderter Magnetkraft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dirty_atf",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Old, contaminated transmission fluid",
            "de": "Altes, verschmutztes Getriebeöl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0785"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0787",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Timing Solenoid A Low",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift timing solenoid A control circuit reads stuck low — short to ground or low-side driver stuck on.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis des Schaltzeit-Magnetventils A liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder hängender Low-Side-Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_timing_solenoid_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0785"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0788",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Timing Solenoid A High",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift timing solenoid A control circuit reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or open coil/return.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis des Schaltzeit-Magnetventils A liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Spule/Rückleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_timing_solenoid_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_coil",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Magnetventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0785"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0789",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Timing Solenoid A Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil A aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift timing solenoid A signal jumps or drops out — vibration, loose connector or thermal sensitivity.",
        "de": "Signal des Schaltzeit-Magnetventils A springt oder fällt aus — Vibration, lockerer Stecker oder Temperaturabhängigkeit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_timing_solenoid_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector at the transmission",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker am Getriebe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0785"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P078A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Timing Solenoid B",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault on shift timing solenoid B — second timing solenoid for shift events that need a different ramp profile (typically downshifts vs. upshifts, or specific gear pairs).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Schaltzeit-Magnetventil B — zweites Zeitsteuermagnetventil für Schaltvorgänge, die ein anderes Rampenprofil brauchen (typisch Rück- vs. Hochschaltungen oder spezifische Gangpaare)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_timing_solenoid_b",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid electrical or hydraulic fault",
            "de": "Elektrischer oder hydraulischer Fehler am Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P078B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Timing Solenoid B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift timing solenoid B is electrically intact, but actual shift timing does not match the model — same failure modes as solenoid A (aged, dirty ATF), applied to the second timing channel.",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil B ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch die tatsächliche Schaltzeit passt nicht zum Modell — dieselben Fehlermodi wie bei Magnetventil A (gealtert, verschmutztes ATF), am zweiten Zeitkanal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_timing_solenoid_b",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid with weakened force",
            "de": "Gealtertes Magnetventil mit verminderter Kraft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P078A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P078C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Timing Solenoid B Low",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift timing solenoid B control circuit reads stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis des Schaltzeit-Magnetventils B liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_timing_solenoid_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P078A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P078D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Timing Solenoid B High",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift timing solenoid B control circuit reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or open coil.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis des Schaltzeit-Magnetventils B liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_timing_solenoid_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P078A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P078E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Timing Solenoid B Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltzeit-Magnetventil B aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift timing solenoid B signal jumps or drops out.",
        "de": "Signal des Schaltzeit-Magnetventils B springt oder fällt aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_timing_solenoid_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector at the transmission",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker am Getriebe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P078A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P078F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch C Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the third transmission mode select switch input C — used for additional drive modes (Sport, Snow, Tow/Haul, Eco) on transmissions that offer more than two operator-selectable shift maps. Without a valid input the TCM falls back to the default mode.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am dritten Eingang des Getriebemodus-Wahlschalters C — für zusätzliche Fahrmodi (Sport, Schnee, Anhänger, Eco) bei Getrieben mit mehr als zwei wählbaren Schaltkennlinien. Bei ungültigem Eingang fällt die Getriebesteuerung auf den Default-Modus zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_c",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted switch wire",
            "de": "Schalterleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0790",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Normal/Performance Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Normal-/Performance-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the Normal/Performance shift-pattern selector switch — lets the driver toggle between a comfort-oriented and a sport-oriented shift map. Without a valid input the TCM defaults to the Normal map.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Wahlschalter Normal/Performance — der Fahrer wechselt damit zwischen komfort- und sportorientierter Schaltkennlinie. Bei ungültigem Eingang nutzt die Getriebesteuerung die Normal-Kennlinie als Default."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "performance_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted switch wire",
            "de": "Schalterleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0791",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on the intermediate shaft speed sensor A circuit. Used to compute shift slip and torque converter behavior.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Stromkreis des Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensors A. Dieser dient zur Berechnung von Schaltschlupf und Wandlerverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Speed sensor failed",
            "de": "Drehzahlsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0792",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intermediate shaft speed sensor (between input and output, used in CVT and dual-clutch boxes for slip detection between gear elements) is electrically intact, but its readings drift away from the model. The TCM cannot reliably detect slip in this stage.",
        "de": "Der Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor (zwischen Eingangs- und Ausgangswelle, in CVT und Doppelkupplungsgetrieben zur Schlupferkennung zwischen Gangelementen) ist elektrisch in Ordnung, seine Werte driften aber vom Modell ab. Die Getriebesteuerung kann den Schlupf in dieser Stufe nicht mehr zuverlässig erkennen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged Hall element with reduced amplitude",
            "de": "Gealtertes Hall-Element mit verminderter Amplitude"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0793",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor A Circuit No Signal",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermediate shaft speed sensor A is connected and powered, but no rotation pulses arrive while the transmission is in motion. Either the sensor reluctor wheel is damaged, the sensor air gap is wrong, or the element has failed open.",
        "de": "Der Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A ist angeschlossen und versorgt, doch im Betrieb kommen keine Drehimpulse an. Entweder ist das Geberrad beschädigt, der Sensor-Luftspalt falsch oder das Element offen ausgefallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_a",
        "reluctor_wheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed sensor element (open)",
            "de": "Defektes Sensorelement (offen)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "damaged_reluctor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged reluctor wheel",
            "de": "Beschädigtes Geberrad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0792"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0794",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermediate shaft speed sensor A signal jumps or drops out — vibration, loose connector or oil mist on the sensor tip.",
        "de": "Signal des Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensors A springt oder fällt aus — Vibration, lockerer Stecker oder Ölnebel am Sensorkopf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0792"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0795",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid C",
        "de": "Druckregel-Magnetventil C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault on pressure control solenoid C — third pressure regulator in transmissions with multiple independently regulated hydraulic circuits (line pressure, clutch C, torque converter clutch). The TCM detects an electrical or hydraulic anomaly that has not yet been pinned to a specific failure mode.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Druckregel-Magnetventil C — dritter Druckregler in Getrieben mit mehreren unabhängig geregelten Hydraulikkreisen (Leitungsdruck, Kupplung C, Wandlerüberbrückung). Die Getriebesteuerung erkennt eine elektrische oder hydraulische Anomalie ohne spezifische Fehlerzuordnung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_c",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid electrical or hydraulic fault",
            "de": "Elektrischer oder hydraulischer Fehler am Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0796",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid C Performance",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil C Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid A response does not match command. Line pressure does not track expected values, leading to harsh, slipping or delayed shifts.",
        "de": "Die Reaktion des Druckregelmagnetventils A passt nicht zur Vorgabe. Der Leitungsdruck folgt den Sollwerten nicht, was zu harten, schlupfenden oder verzögerten Schaltungen führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pcs_solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid sticking mechanically",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0746",
        "P0775",
        "P0776"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0797",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid C Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil C festsitzend ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects that pressure control solenoid C remains energized hydraulically despite commanded de-energization. Line pressure or shift quality deviates from target.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt, dass das Druckregelmagnetventil C trotz Abschaltbefehl hydraulisch aktiv bleibt. Leitungsdruck oder Schaltqualität weichen vom Sollwert ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid",
        "valve_body",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve body contamination",
            "de": "Verschmutzung im Steuergehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0798",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid C Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil C elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault in the pressure control solenoid C circuit, such as open winding, short to ground or short to power.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Stromkreis des Druckregelmagnetventils C, z. B. offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss nach Masse oder nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted",
            "de": "Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0799",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid C Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Magnetventil C aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid C shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic dropouts.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Magnetventil C zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_c",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector at the transmission",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker am Getriebe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0795"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P079A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element A Slip Detected",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement A Schlupf erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Friction element A (the first clutch or band in the gear matrix) shows measurable slip while it should be fully engaged. Detected by comparing input/output speed sensors against the commanded gear ratio. Slip means the element cannot transmit full torque — risk of glazing the friction surfaces.",
        "de": "Reibelement A (die erste Kupplung oder Bremsband in der Gangmatrix) zeigt messbaren Schlupf, obwohl es vollständig eingerückt sein sollte. Erkannt durch Vergleich der Eingangs-/Ausgangsdrehzahlen mit dem kommandierten Übersetzungsverhältnis. Schlupf bedeutet, dass das Element kein volles Drehmoment übertragen kann — Risiko der Verglasung der Reibflächen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_a",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_clutch_a",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction discs in element A",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibscheiben in Element A"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low hydraulic pressure to element A",
            "de": "Niedriger Hydraulikdruck an Element A"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dirty_atf",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Old ATF lacking friction modifier",
            "de": "Altes ATF ohne Reibmodifikator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P079B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element B Slip Detected",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement B Schlupf erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A slip, applied to friction element B (the second clutch or band).",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Reibelement B (zweite Kupplung oder Bremsband)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_b",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_clutch_b",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction discs in element B",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibscheiben in Element B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P079A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P079C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element C Slip Detected",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement C Schlupf erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A slip, applied to friction element C (third clutch or band).",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Reibelement C (dritte Kupplung oder Bremsband)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_c",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_clutch_c",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction discs in element C",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibscheiben in Element C"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P079A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P079D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element D Slip Detected",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement D Schlupf erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A slip, applied to friction element D (fourth clutch or band).",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Reibelement D (vierte Kupplung oder Bremsband)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_d",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_clutch_d",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction discs in element D",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibscheiben in Element D"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P079A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P079E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element E Slip Detected",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement E Schlupf erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A slip, applied to friction element E (fifth clutch or band, used in 8/9/10-speed transmissions).",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Reibelement E (fünfte Kupplung oder Bremsband, in 8-/9-/10-Gang-Getrieben)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_e",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_clutch_e",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction discs in element E",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibscheiben in Element E"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P079A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P079F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element F Slip Detected",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement F Schlupf erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A slip, applied to friction element F (sixth clutch or band, used in 8/9/10-speed transmissions).",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Reibelement F (sechste Kupplung oder Bremsband, in 8-/9-/10-Gang-Getrieben)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_f",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_clutch_f",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction discs in element F",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibscheiben in Element F"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P079A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element G Slip Detected",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement G Schlupf erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A slip, applied to friction element G (seventh clutch or band, used in 9/10-speed transmissions).",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Reibelement G (siebte Kupplung oder Bremsband, in 9-/10-Gang-Getrieben)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_g",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_clutch_g",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction discs in element G",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibscheiben in Element G"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P079A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element H Slip Detected",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement H Schlupf erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A slip, applied to friction element H (eighth clutch or band, in 10-speed transmissions).",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Reibelement H (achte Kupplung oder Bremsband, in 10-Gang-Getrieben)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_h",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_clutch_h",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction discs in element H",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibscheiben in Element H"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P079A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element A Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement A Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Friction element A does not lock up when commanded — its hydraulic circuit cannot bring the clutch pack into full engagement. Either the apply piston is stuck, the seal is leaking past the piston, or the supplying pressure regulator is failing.",
        "de": "Reibelement A schließt auf Befehl nicht — sein Hydraulikkreis bringt das Kupplungspaket nicht in den vollen Eingriff. Entweder klemmt der Stellkolben, die Dichtung lässt am Kolben vorbei, oder der versorgende Druckregler arbeitet nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_a",
        "apply_piston",
        "apply_seal"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_seal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking apply seal",
            "de": "Undichte Stelldichtung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_piston",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck apply piston",
            "de": "Klemmender Stellkolben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element A Stuck On",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement A dauerhaft eingerückt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Friction element A does not release when commanded — the apply piston cannot retract, leaving the clutch or band engaged. The transmission cannot complete shifts that need element A released, leading to harsh engagement or stall when stopping.",
        "de": "Reibelement A öffnet auf Befehl nicht — der Stellkolben fährt nicht zurück, Kupplung oder Bremsband bleiben eingerückt. Schaltvorgänge, die ein Lösen verlangen, scheitern — typisch sind harte Schaltschläge oder Abwürgen beim Anhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_a",
        "apply_piston",
        "return_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_piston",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck apply piston (cannot retract)",
            "de": "Klemmender Stellkolben (zieht nicht zurück)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "broken_return_spring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken or weak return spring",
            "de": "Gebrochene oder geschwächte Rückholfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element B Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement B Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck off, applied to friction element B.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Reibelement B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_b",
        "apply_piston"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_seal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking apply seal",
            "de": "Undichte Stelldichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element B Stuck On",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement B dauerhaft eingerückt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck on, applied to friction element B.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Reibelement B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_b",
        "apply_piston"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_piston",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck apply piston",
            "de": "Klemmender Stellkolben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element C Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement C Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck off, applied to element C.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_seal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking apply seal",
            "de": "Undichte Stelldichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element C Stuck On",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement C dauerhaft eingerückt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck on, applied to element C.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_piston",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck apply piston",
            "de": "Klemmender Stellkolben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element D Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement D Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck off, applied to element D.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_seal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking apply seal",
            "de": "Undichte Stelldichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element D Stuck On",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement D dauerhaft eingerückt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck on, applied to element D.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_piston",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck apply piston",
            "de": "Klemmender Stellkolben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element E Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement E Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck off, applied to element E.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_seal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking apply seal",
            "de": "Undichte Stelldichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element E Stuck On",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement E dauerhaft eingerückt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck on, applied to element E.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_piston",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck apply piston",
            "de": "Klemmender Stellkolben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element F Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement F Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck off, applied to element F.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_seal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking apply seal",
            "de": "Undichte Stelldichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element F Stuck On",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement F dauerhaft eingerückt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck on, applied to element F.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_piston",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck apply piston",
            "de": "Klemmender Stellkolben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element G Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement G Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck off, applied to element G.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element G."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_seal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking apply seal",
            "de": "Undichte Stelldichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element G Stuck On",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement G dauerhaft eingerückt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck on, applied to element G.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element G."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_piston",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck apply piston",
            "de": "Klemmender Stellkolben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element H Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement H Leistung/Aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck off, applied to element H.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element H."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_seal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking apply seal",
            "de": "Undichte Stelldichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element H Stuck On",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement H dauerhaft eingerückt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as element A stuck on, applied to element H.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Element A, am Element H."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_piston",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck apply piston",
            "de": "Klemmender Stellkolben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07A3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter A Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park position sensor/switch A — confirms that the gear selector lever is in Park, used by shift-by-wire systems and key-interlock logic — is open. The TCM cannot confirm Park engagement, blocking key removal and engine restart logic.",
        "de": "Park-Positionssensor/Schalter A — bestätigt, dass der Wählhebel in Position P steht; genutzt von Shift-by-Wire-Systemen und der Key-Interlock-Logik — ist unterbrochen. Die Getriebesteuerung kann die Park-Position nicht bestätigen, was Schlüsselabzug und Neustart-Logik blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire or unplugged sensor",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen oder Sensor abgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park position sensor/switch A reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-closed contact.",
        "de": "Park-Positionssensor/Schalter A liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park position sensor/switch A reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or open switch return.",
        "de": "Park-Positionssensor/Schalter A liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Schalter-Rückleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Performance/Low",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter A Leistung/niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor A is electrically intact but its low-end value drifts — for example a value below the calibrated Park threshold while the lever is mechanically out of Park. The TCM cannot fully trust the Park reading.",
        "de": "Sensor A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch der untere Wertebereich driftet — etwa Werte unter der kalibrierten Park-Schwelle, obwohl der Hebel mechanisch nicht auf Park steht. Die Steuerung kann der Park-Meldung nicht voll vertrauen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged Hall element with offset drift",
            "de": "Gealtertes Hall-Element mit Offset-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Performance High",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter A Leistung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor A is electrically intact but the high-end value drifts — for example a value above the calibrated non-Park range while the lever actually is in Park.",
        "de": "Sensor A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch der obere Wertebereich driftet — etwa Werte oberhalb des Nicht-Park-Bereichs, obwohl der Hebel auf Park steht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged sensor with high-end drift",
            "de": "Gealterter Sensor mit oberer Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter A Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park position sensor A signal jumps or drops out — typically a worn switch with contact bounce or a loose connector at the shift lever module.",
        "de": "Signal des Park-Positionssensors A springt oder fällt aus — typisch verschlissener Schalter mit Kontaktprellen oder lockerer Stecker am Wählhebel-Modul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_bounce",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact bounce",
            "de": "Schalter-Kontaktprellen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter B Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park position sensor/switch B is the redundant/secondary park-confirmation sensor — used in shift-by-wire systems for safety, so a single sensor failure cannot strand the vehicle in Park or hide a non-Park condition. With B open the TCM falls back to sensor A only.",
        "de": "Park-Positionssensor/Schalter B ist der redundante/zweite Park-Bestätigungssensor — in Shift-by-Wire-Systemen aus Sicherheitsgründen verbaut, damit ein Einzelfehler das Fahrzeug nicht in P einschließt oder eine Nicht-Park-Stellung verschleiert. Bei unterbrochenem B nutzt die Steuerung nur Sensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire or unplugged sensor",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen oder Sensor abgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park sensor/switch B reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-closed contact.",
        "de": "Park-Sensor/Schalter B liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Park sensor/switch B reads stuck high — short to battery voltage.",
        "de": "Park-Sensor/Schalter B liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Performance/Low",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter B Leistung/niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor B low-end value drifts away from the calibrated Park threshold.",
        "de": "Unterer Wertebereich von Sensor B driftet von der kalibrierten Park-Schwelle weg."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged sensor with low-end drift",
            "de": "Gealterter Sensor mit unterer Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Performance High",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter B Leistung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor B high-end value drifts above the calibrated non-Park range.",
        "de": "Oberer Wertebereich von Sensor B driftet über den Nicht-Park-Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged sensor with high-end drift",
            "de": "Gealterter Sensor mit oberer Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter B Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor B signal jumps or drops out.",
        "de": "Signal von Sensor B springt oder fällt aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_bounce",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact bounce",
            "de": "Schalter-Kontaktprellen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Park Position Sensor/Switch A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Getriebe Park-Positionssensor/Schalter A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The two redundant park position sensors A and B disagree — one reports Park, the other does not. Until the discrepancy is cleared the TCM cannot trust either reading and falls back to a safe state (typically blocking key removal and engine restart).",
        "de": "Die beiden redundanten Park-Positionssensoren A und B widersprechen sich — einer meldet Park, der andere nicht. Bis zur Klärung kann die Getriebesteuerung keinem der beiden Werte vertrauen und fällt in einen sicheren Zustand (typisch Blockade von Schlüsselabzug und Neustart)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_position_sensor_a",
        "park_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "drifting_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One of the two sensors drifting outside tolerance",
            "de": "Einer der beiden Sensoren außerhalb der Toleranz gedriftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "misadjusted_lever",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mis-adjusted shift lever mechanism",
            "de": "Fehlerhaft justierter Wählhebel-Mechanismus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07B2",
        "P07B8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input/turbine shaft speed sensor A signal voltage below the lower limit — short to ground or open supply. Without this signal the TCM cannot calculate slip across the torque converter or first gear element.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensors A unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Masseschluss oder offene Versorgung. Ohne dieses Signal kann die Getriebesteuerung den Schlupf am Wandler oder im ersten Gangelement nicht berechnen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor A signal voltage above the upper limit — short to reference voltage or open signal return.",
        "de": "Sensor-A-Signalspannung über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07BF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as sensor A circuit low, applied to sensor B (used in dual-clutch boxes for the second input shaft).",
        "de": "Wie Sensor A niedrig, am Sensor B (in Doppelkupplungsgetrieben für die zweite Eingangswelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07BF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as sensor A circuit high, applied to sensor B.",
        "de": "Wie Sensor A hoch, am Sensor B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07C0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as sensor A circuit low, applied to sensor C (used in some heavy-duty or hybrid-coupled transmissions with three input speed sensors).",
        "de": "Wie Sensor A niedrig, am Sensor C (in einigen Heavy-Duty- oder Hybrid-gekoppelten Getrieben mit drei Eingangs-Drehzahlsensoren)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07BF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as sensor A circuit high, applied to sensor C.",
        "de": "Wie Sensor A hoch, am Sensor C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07C0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermediate shaft speed sensor A signal voltage below the lower limit.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensors A unter dem unteren Grenzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0792"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermediate shaft speed sensor A signal voltage above the upper limit.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensors A über dem oberen Grenzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0792"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermediate shaft speed sensor B (second intermediate sensor in dual-clutch boxes) signal voltage below the lower limit.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensors B (zweiter Zwischensensor in Doppelkupplungsgetrieben) unter dem unteren Grenzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermediate shaft speed sensor B signal voltage above the upper limit.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensors B über dem oberen Grenzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermediate shaft speed sensor C (third intermediate sensor in heavy-duty or hybrid-coupled transmissions) signal voltage below the lower limit.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensors C (dritter Zwischensensor in Heavy-Duty- oder Hybrid-Getrieben) unter dem unteren Grenzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermediate shaft speed sensor C signal voltage above the upper limit.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Zwischenwellen-Drehzahlsensors C über dem oberen Grenzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Thermostat Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Thermostat Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid thermostat (similar in function to a coolant thermostat — opens at a calibrated temperature to route ATF through the cooler) does not regulate temperature within the expected band. Either stuck open (ATF stays cold, friction modifier ineffective) or stuck closed (ATF overheats, oxidising the fluid).",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöl-Thermostat (ähnlich wie der Kühlmittel-Thermostat — öffnet ab einer kalibrierten Temperatur, um ATF durch den Kühler zu leiten) regelt die Temperatur nicht im erwarteten Band. Entweder offen festgesteckt (ATF bleibt kalt, Reibmodifikator wirkt nicht) oder geschlossen festgesteckt (ATF überhitzt und oxidiert)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_thermostat",
        "transmission_cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck open",
            "de": "Thermostat offen festgesteckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck closed",
            "de": "Thermostat geschlossen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Transmission mode switch C input reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-closed contact.",
        "de": "Eingang des Getriebemodus-Schalters C liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P078F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch C Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Transmission mode switch C input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage.",
        "de": "Eingang des Getriebemodus-Schalters C liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P078F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch D Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter D Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the fourth transmission mode select switch input D — additional drive mode beyond C (e.g. Manumatic, Off-Road, Trailer).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am vierten Eingang des Getriebemodus-Wahlschalters D — weiterer Fahrmodus jenseits von C (z.B. Manumatik, Geländegang, Anhängermodus)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_d",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted switch wire",
            "de": "Schalterleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch D Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter D Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mode switch D input reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-closed contact.",
        "de": "Eingang des Modus-Schalters D liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07CE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch D Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter D Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mode switch D input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage.",
        "de": "Eingang des Modus-Schalters D liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07CE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch E Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter E Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the fifth transmission mode select switch input E.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am fünften Eingang des Getriebemodus-Wahlschalters E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_e",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted switch wire",
            "de": "Schalterleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch E Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter E Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mode switch E input reads stuck low.",
        "de": "Eingang des Modus-Schalters E liegt dauerhaft niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch E Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter E Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mode switch E input reads stuck high.",
        "de": "Eingang des Modus-Schalters E liegt dauerhaft hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch F Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter F Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the sixth transmission mode select switch input F.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am sechsten Eingang des Getriebemodus-Wahlschalters F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_f",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted switch wire",
            "de": "Schalterleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch F Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter F Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mode switch F input reads stuck low.",
        "de": "Eingang des Modus-Schalters F liegt dauerhaft niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Mode Switch F Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebemodus-Schalter F Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Mode switch F input reads stuck high.",
        "de": "Eingang des Modus-Schalters F liegt dauerhaft hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_mode_switch_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Gear 8",
        "de": "In Gang 8 festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission has entered 8th gear but cannot leave it on command — typically a stuck shift solenoid or a stuck-on friction element holding the 8th-gear pattern locked. The TCM forces limp-home mode if upshift/downshift attempts fail repeatedly.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe ist im 8. Gang, kann ihn aber auf Befehl nicht verlassen — typisch ein hängendes Schaltmagnetventil oder ein dauerhaft eingerücktes Reibelement, das die 8.-Gang-Konfiguration festhält. Bei wiederholten erfolglosen Schaltversuchen erzwingt die Getriebesteuerung Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_clutch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck-on friction element",
            "de": "Dauerhaft eingerücktes Reibelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable To Engage Gear 8",
        "de": "Gang 8 lässt sich nicht einlegen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM commands a shift to 8th gear but the gear-ratio measurement does not confirm engagement — friction element does not lock up, slipping clutch, or shift solenoid does not respond. Falls back to the previously engaged gear.",
        "de": "Die Getriebesteuerung kommandiert einen Schaltvorgang in den 8. Gang, doch die Gangverhältnis-Messung bestätigt keine Einrückung — Reibelement schließt nicht, schlupfende Kupplung oder Magnetventil reagiert nicht. Fällt auf den vorher eingelegten Gang zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_off_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck closed",
            "de": "Magnetventil geschlossen festgesteckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clutch_slip",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Slipping clutch in 8th gear element",
            "de": "Schlupfende Kupplung im 8.-Gang-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear 8 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Gang 8 falsches Übersetzungsverhältnis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "While in 8th gear, the measured input/output ratio does not match the calibrated value — slipping clutch, wrong gear actually engaged, or speed sensor data wrong.",
        "de": "Im 8. Gang stimmt das gemessene Eingangs-/Ausgangsverhältnis nicht mit der Kalibrierung — schlupfende Kupplung, falscher Gang tatsächlich eingelegt oder fehlerhafte Drehzahldaten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack",
        "speed_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Slipping clutch in 8th gear element",
            "de": "Schlupfende Kupplung im 8.-Gang-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "6-7 Shift",
        "de": "Schaltung 6 nach 7"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault detected during the 6-to-7 upshift event — slipping during the shift, gear-ratio overshoot, or shift completion timeout. Often a worn friction element on the 7th-gear side or a slow shift solenoid.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler beim Hochschaltvorgang von 6 nach 7 — Schlupf während der Schaltung, Übersetzungsverhältnis-Überschwinger oder Zeitüberschreitung. Häufig ein verschlissenes Reibelement auf der 7.-Gang-Seite oder ein langsames Schaltmagnetventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack",
        "shift_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn 7th-gear friction element",
            "de": "Verschlissenes 7.-Gang-Reibelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "7-8 Shift",
        "de": "Schaltung 7 nach 8"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault detected during the 7-to-8 upshift event.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler beim Hochschaltvorgang von 7 nach 8."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack",
        "shift_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn 8th-gear friction element",
            "de": "Verschlissenes 8.-Gang-Reibelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Shift from Gear 1",
        "de": "Falsche Schaltung aus Gang 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starting from 1st gear, the TCM commanded a specific upshift but the resulting gear ratio matches a different gear. Wrong shift solenoid pattern actually engaged, or a stuck solenoid blocked the intended pattern.",
        "de": "Aus dem 1. Gang heraus hat die Getriebesteuerung eine bestimmte Hochschaltung kommandiert, das resultierende Übersetzungsverhältnis passt aber zu einem anderen Gang. Falsches Schaltmagnet-Muster eingelegt oder ein hängendes Magnetventil blockiert das Soll-Muster."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Shift from Gear 2",
        "de": "Falsche Schaltung aus Gang 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as incorrect shift from gear 1, applied to shifts originating in 2nd gear.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei falscher Schaltung aus Gang 1, bei Schaltungen aus dem 2. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Shift from Gear 3",
        "de": "Falsche Schaltung aus Gang 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition, applied to shifts originating in 3rd gear.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand, bei Schaltungen aus dem 3. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Shift from Gear 4",
        "de": "Falsche Schaltung aus Gang 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition, applied to shifts originating in 4th gear.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand, bei Schaltungen aus dem 4. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Shift from Gear 5",
        "de": "Falsche Schaltung aus Gang 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition, applied to shifts originating in 5th gear.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand, bei Schaltungen aus dem 5. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Shift from Gear 6",
        "de": "Falsche Schaltung aus Gang 6"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition, applied to shifts originating in 6th gear.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand, bei Schaltungen aus dem 6. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Shift from Gear 7",
        "de": "Falsche Schaltung aus Gang 7"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition, applied to shifts originating in 7th gear.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand, bei Schaltungen aus dem 7. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Shift from Gear 8",
        "de": "Falsche Schaltung aus Gang 8"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition, applied to shifts originating in 8th gear.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand, bei Schaltungen aus dem 8. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Park",
        "de": "Park lässt sich nicht einlegen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM commands the park pawl to engage but the position sensors do not confirm engagement — typical for shift-by-wire systems where the park actuator (motor or solenoid driving the pawl) is faulty, the cable is broken, or the pawl is jammed against a tooth and cannot drop in.",
        "de": "Die Getriebesteuerung kommandiert das Einrücken der Parksperre, doch die Positionssensoren bestätigen das Einrücken nicht — typisch bei Shift-by-Wire-Systemen, wenn der Parkaktor (Motor oder Magnet, der die Klinke antreibt) defekt ist, das Seil gerissen ist oder die Klinke an einem Zahn anschlägt und nicht einfallen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_actuator",
        "park_pawl"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "jammed_pawl",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Park pawl jammed against tooth (rock vehicle to release)",
            "de": "Parksperre an Zahn anschlagend (Fahrzeug wackeln, um zu lösen)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_actuator",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed park actuator motor",
            "de": "Defekter Parkaktor-Motor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Drive",
        "de": "Drive lässt sich nicht einlegen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM commands engagement of Drive but the input/output speed relationship does not match — friction element does not lock up, or the shift solenoid pattern for Drive cannot be commanded. Vehicle remains stuck in Park or Neutral.",
        "de": "Die Getriebesteuerung kommandiert das Einlegen von Drive, doch die Eingangs-/Ausgangs-Drehzahlbeziehung passt nicht — Reibelement schließt nicht oder das Schaltmagnet-Muster für Drive lässt sich nicht kommandieren. Fahrzeug bleibt in Park oder Neutral hängen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids",
        "clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Park",
        "de": "In Park festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle cannot leave Park even though the operator has commanded a different range. Park pawl jammed, park actuator failed, or shift-by-wire input not received by TCM.",
        "de": "Das Fahrzeug verlässt Park nicht, obwohl der Bediener einen anderen Bereich gewählt hat. Parksperre verklemmt, Parkaktor defekt oder Shift-by-Wire-Eingang erreicht die Getriebesteuerung nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_actuator",
        "park_pawl"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "jammed_pawl",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Park pawl jammed under load",
            "de": "Parksperre unter Last verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_actuator",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed park actuator",
            "de": "Defekter Parkaktor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07E4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Drive",
        "de": "In Drive festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle cannot leave Drive — typically a stuck shift mechanism, a stuck-on friction element, or a TCM that cannot command the shift to Park or Neutral.",
        "de": "Das Fahrzeug verlässt Drive nicht — typisch ein hängender Schaltmechanismus, ein dauerhaft eingerücktes Reibelement oder eine Getriebesteuerung, die den Wechsel auf Park oder Neutral nicht kommandieren kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_mechanism",
        "clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_shift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift mechanism or solenoid",
            "de": "Hängender Schaltmechanismus oder Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07E6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Getriebebereich-Steuerung A Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission range control A circuit (used in shift-by-wire to drive the shift actuator that physically positions the manual valve in the valve body) is open. The TCM cannot move the manual valve into the commanded range, blocking shifts between P/R/N/D.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis A der Getriebebereich-Steuerung (in Shift-by-Wire-Systemen treibt der Bereichs-Aktor das Hauptsteuerventil im Schieberkasten in die gewählte Stellung) ist unterbrochen. Die Getriebesteuerung kann das Hauptventil nicht in den befohlenen Bereich verfahren — Wechsel zwischen P/R/N/D scheitert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire to the range actuator",
            "de": "Leitung zum Bereichsaktor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control A Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Getriebebereich-Steuerung A Stromkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range control A circuit is electrically intact, but the actuator response does not match the model — for example position feedback that does not move when commanded, or moves slower than expected. Often a sticking actuator or aged motor.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch die Aktor-Reaktion passt nicht zum Modell — etwa Positionsrückmeldung, die nicht reagiert, oder zu langsam fährt. Häufig ein klemmender Aktor oder gealterter Motor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sticking_actuator",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sticking range actuator",
            "de": "Klemmender Bereichsaktor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07E8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebebereich-Steuerung A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range control A circuit reads stuck low — short to ground or low-side driver stuck on.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis A liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder hängender Low-Side-Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07E8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control A Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebebereich-Steuerung A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range control A circuit reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or open coil/return.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis A liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Spule/Rückleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07E8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Multi-Function Select Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebebereich Mehrfachfunktion-Auswahl Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the multi-function transmission range select circuit — used on shift-by-wire systems with rotary or push-button selectors that encode P/R/N/D as a multi-bit pattern. With the input invalid the TCM cannot decode the operator request.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis der Mehrfachfunktions-Bereichswahl — bei Shift-by-Wire-Systemen mit Drehschalter oder Tastern, die P/R/N/D als Mehrbit-Muster codieren. Bei ungültigem Eingang kann die Getriebesteuerung die Bediener-Anforderung nicht decodieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_select_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted select wire",
            "de": "Leitung der Bereichswahl offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Multi-Function Select Circuit Stuck",
        "de": "Getriebebereich Mehrfachfunktion-Auswahl Stromkreis festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The multi-function select circuit reports a value that does not change despite operator activity — the rotary encoder is stuck or a push-button is mechanically locked. The TCM ignores further requests until the input becomes plausible.",
        "de": "Der Mehrfachfunktions-Wahlkreis meldet einen Wert, der sich trotz Bedienerhandlung nicht ändert — der Drehschalter ist klemmt oder ein Taster mechanisch verriegelt. Die Getriebesteuerung ignoriert weitere Anforderungen bis zur Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_select_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_encoder",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck rotary encoder",
            "de": "Klemmender Drehgeber"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07EC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Multi-Function Select Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebebereich Mehrfachfunktion-Auswahl Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The multi-function select circuit produces values that do not match any valid bit pattern — multiple positions asserted simultaneously, or values outside the calibrated range.",
        "de": "Der Mehrfachfunktions-Wahlkreis liefert Werte, die zu keinem gültigen Bitmuster passen — mehrere Positionen gleichzeitig oder Werte außerhalb des Kalibrierbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_select_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contaminated_encoder",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated rotary encoder contacts",
            "de": "Verschmutzte Drehgeber-Kontakte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07EC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Multi-Function Select Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebebereich Mehrfachfunktion-Auswahl Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Multi-function select circuit reads stuck low — short to ground or pegged at minimum.",
        "de": "Mehrfachfunktions-Wahlkreis liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder am Minimum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_select_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07EC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Multi-Function Select Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebebereich Mehrfachfunktion-Auswahl Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Multi-function select circuit reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or pegged at maximum.",
        "de": "Mehrfachfunktions-Wahlkreis liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder am Maximum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_select_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07EC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on input/turbine speed sensor C — third input speed sensor in heavy-duty or hybrid-coupled transmissions.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor C — dritter Eingangs-Drehzahlsensor in Heavy-Duty- oder Hybrid-Getrieben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_c",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring",
            "de": "Verkabelung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control Module Communication Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebebereich-Steuermodul Kommunikations-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault on the communication line between the TCM and a separate transmission range control module (used on systems where the rotary/push-button selector lives in its own intelligent module that talks to the TCM via CAN or LIN).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler auf der Kommunikationsleitung zwischen Getriebesteuerung und einem separaten Bereichs-Steuermodul (in Systemen, in denen Drehschalter/Taster in einem eigenen intelligenten Modul sitzen, das per CAN oder LIN mit der TCM spricht)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_module",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus fault between modules",
            "de": "Busfehler zwischen Modulen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed range control module",
            "de": "Defektes Bereichs-Steuermodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control Module Communication Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebebereich-Steuermodul Kommunikations-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range control module communication line reads stuck low — bus shorted to ground or one node held the line low continuously.",
        "de": "Kommunikationsleitung des Bereichs-Steuermoduls liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Bus gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder ein Knoten zieht die Leitung dauerhaft auf Low."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_module",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus shorted to ground",
            "de": "Bus gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07F2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control Module Communication Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebebereich-Steuermodul Kommunikations-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range control module communication line reads stuck high — bus shorted to battery voltage or open at the bus terminator.",
        "de": "Kommunikationsleitung des Bereichs-Steuermoduls liegt dauerhaft hoch — Bus gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen oder am Bus-Abschlusswiderstand offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_module",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Bus gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07F2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control Module System Voltage Low",
        "de": "Getriebebereich-Steuermodul Systemspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The range control module reports its supply voltage below the operating threshold — vehicle battery low, charging system underperforming, or supply line resistance excessive. The module may stop responding until voltage recovers.",
        "de": "Das Bereichs-Steuermodul meldet seine Versorgungsspannung unter dem Betriebsschwellwert — schwache Fahrzeugbatterie, schwaches Ladesystem oder hochohmige Versorgungsleitung. Das Modul stellt ggf. die Antwort ein, bis die Spannung wieder steht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_module",
        "vehicle_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak vehicle battery",
            "de": "Schwache Fahrzeugbatterie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07F2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear 9 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Gang 9 falsches Übersetzungsverhältnis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "While in 9th gear, the measured input/output ratio does not match the calibrated value — slipping clutch, wrong gear actually engaged, or speed sensor data wrong.",
        "de": "Im 9. Gang stimmt das gemessene Eingangs-/Ausgangsverhältnis nicht mit der Kalibrierung — schlupfende Kupplung, falscher Gang tatsächlich eingelegt oder fehlerhafte Drehzahldaten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack",
        "speed_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Slipping clutch in 9th gear element",
            "de": "Schlupfende Kupplung im 9.-Gang-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear 10 Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Gang 10 falsches Übersetzungsverhältnis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "While in 10th gear, the measured input/output ratio does not match the calibrated value.",
        "de": "Im 10. Gang stimmt das gemessene Eingangs-/Ausgangsverhältnis nicht mit der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack",
        "speed_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Slipping clutch in 10th gear element",
            "de": "Schlupfende Kupplung im 10.-Gang-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Gear 9",
        "de": "In Gang 9 festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as stuck in 8th gear, applied to 9th.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Gang 8 festgesteckt, am 9. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Gear 9",
        "de": "Gang 9 lässt sich nicht einlegen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as unable to engage 8th gear, applied to 9th.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Gang 8 lässt sich nicht einlegen, am 9. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_off_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck closed",
            "de": "Magnetventil geschlossen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Shift From Gear 9",
        "de": "Falsche Schaltung aus Gang 9"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as incorrect shift from 8th, applied to 9th.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei falscher Schaltung aus Gang 8, am 9. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck in Gear 10",
        "de": "In Gang 10 festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as stuck in 8th, applied to 10th.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Gang 8 festgesteckt, am 10. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unable to Engage Gear 10",
        "de": "Gang 10 lässt sich nicht einlegen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as unable to engage 8th, applied to 10th.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Gang 8 lässt sich nicht einlegen, am 10. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid",
        "clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_off_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck closed",
            "de": "Magnetventil geschlossen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07D8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incorrect Shift From Gear 10",
        "de": "Falsche Schaltung aus Gang 10"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as incorrect shift from 8th, applied to 10th.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei falscher Schaltung aus Gang 8, am 10. Gang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck shift solenoid",
            "de": "Hängendes Schaltmagnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stuck In Gear - Not Specified",
        "de": "In Gang festgesteckt - nicht spezifiziert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects that the transmission is stuck in some gear but cannot identify which one — typically because multiple input/output ratio cross-checks fail simultaneously, or an early-detection diagnostic fires before the specific-gear detection runs.",
        "de": "Die Getriebesteuerung erkennt, dass das Getriebe in einem Gang festsitzt, kann aber nicht bestimmen welcher — typisch, wenn mehrere Übersetzungsprüfungen gleichzeitig scheitern oder eine Früherkennungs-Diagnose vor der gangspezifischen Erkennung anschlägt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoids",
        "clutch_pack"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "multiple_failures",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Multiple solenoid or clutch failures",
            "de": "Mehrere Magnet- oder Kupplungsausfälle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P07FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Transmission Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Getriebeleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During the cold-start phase the transmission does not behave to specification — typically very slow shifts, missed shifts or harsh engagement at low ATF temperature. Common causes are degraded ATF (lost cold-flow viscosity), a stuck thermostat or aged solenoid drivers.",
        "de": "In der Kaltstart-Phase verhält sich das Getriebe nicht spezifikationsgemäß — typisch sehr langsame Schaltvorgänge, ausgelassene Schaltungen oder harte Eingriffe bei niedriger ATF-Temperatur. Häufige Ursachen sind gealtertes ATF (Kaltfließeigenschaft verloren), klemmender Thermostat oder gealterte Magnetventil-Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid",
        "transmission_fluid_thermostat"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "degraded_atf",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Degraded ATF without cold-flow reserve",
            "de": "Gealtertes ATF ohne Kaltfließreserve"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_thermostat",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck transmission fluid thermostat",
            "de": "Klemmender Getriebe-Thermostat"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0800",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transfer Case Control System (MIL Request)",
        "de": "Verteilergetriebe-Steuerung (MIL-Anforderung)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transfer case control module has requested the ECM/PCM to illuminate the MIL because of a fault on its side that is emissions- or driveline-relevant. The original fault is in the transfer case module itself.",
        "de": "Das Verteilergetriebe-Steuermodul hat die Motor-/Antriebssteuerung aufgefordert, die MIL zu aktivieren, weil ein abgas- oder antriebsrelevanter Fehler auf seiner Seite vorliegt. Der eigentliche Fehler liegt im Verteilergetriebemodul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal fault in transfer case module — read its DTCs",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Verteilergetriebemodul — dessen Fehlerspeicher auslesen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0801",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reverse Inhibit Control Circuit",
        "de": "Rückwärtsgangsperre Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault in the reverse inhibit solenoid circuit, which prevents engagement of reverse at high vehicle speeds.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Stromkreis des Rückwärtsgang-Sperrmagnetventils, das das Einlegen des Rückwärtsgangs bei hoher Geschwindigkeit verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reverse_inhibit_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid failed",
            "de": "Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0802",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Control System MIL Request Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Getriebesteuerungs-MIL-Anforderungskreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated MIL request line from the TCM to the ECM (used in older systems where modules used a hard wire to ask for the MIL instead of CAN messaging) is open. The ECM cannot honour TCM-side MIL requests.",
        "de": "Die dedizierte MIL-Anforderungsleitung von der Getriebesteuerung zur Motorsteuerung (in älteren Systemen forderten Module über eine harte Leitung statt per CAN die MIL an) ist unterbrochen. Die Motorsteuerung kann TCM-seitige MIL-Anforderungen nicht umsetzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mil_request_wire",
        "tcm",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open MIL request wire",
            "de": "MIL-Anforderungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0803",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Upshift/Skip Shift Solenoid Control Circuit",
        "de": "Hochschalt-/Skip-Shift-Magnetventil Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the upshift/skip-shift solenoid control circuit — used on manual-transmission performance vehicles to force a skip from 1st straight to 4th under low-load cruise (CAFE fuel-economy feature). With the input invalid the lockout cannot be applied.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuerkreis des Hochschalt-/Skip-Shift-Magnets — bei Schaltgetriebe-Fahrzeugen erzwingt es im niedriglastigen Cruise einen Sprung von 1 auf 4 (CAFE-Verbrauchsfeature). Bei ungültigem Eingang lässt sich die Sperre nicht aktivieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "skip_shift_solenoid",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted control wire",
            "de": "Steuerleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_gearshift_system",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0804",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Upshift/Skip Shift Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Hochschalt-/Skip-Shift-Lampen Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the upshift/skip-shift indicator lamp control circuit — the dashboard light that prompts the driver to skip from 1st straight to 4th. With the input invalid the lamp cannot be illuminated.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuerkreis der Skip-Shift-Anzeigelampe — die Armaturenleuchte, die den Fahrer zum Sprung von 1 nach 4 auffordert. Bei ungültigem Eingang lässt sich die Lampe nicht aktivieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "skip_shift_lamp",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted lamp wire",
            "de": "Lampenleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_lamp",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed lamp bulb or LED",
            "de": "Defekte Lampe oder LED"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0803"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_gearshift_system",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0805",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Positionssensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the clutch position sensor A circuit — used in dual-clutch and automated-manual transmissions to monitor clutch fork or release-bearing position. Without a valid signal the TCM cannot close the loop on clutch engagement.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kupplungs-Positionssensor A — in Doppelkupplungs- und automatisierten Schaltgetrieben überwacht er die Position der Ausrückgabel oder des Ausrücklagers. Ohne gültiges Signal kann die Getriebesteuerung den Kupplungseingriff nicht regeln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring",
            "de": "Verkabelung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed Hall element",
            "de": "Defektes Hall-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0806",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Positionssensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch position sensor A is electrically intact, but its readings drift away from the model — for example the position does not move when the actuator is commanded, or the offset shifts after a thermal cycle. Often a misadjusted sensor mount.",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Positionssensor A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch die Werte driften vom Modell ab — die Position reagiert nicht auf Aktor-Befehl, oder der Offset verschiebt sich nach Temperaturzyklen. Häufig ein dejustierter Sensor-Halter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "misalignment",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor misalignment after service",
            "de": "Sensor-Dejustierung nach Service"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged Hall element",
            "de": "Gealtertes Hall-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0805"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0807",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Positionssensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch position sensor A signal voltage below the lower limit — short to ground or open reference voltage.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Kupplungs-Positionssensors A unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Masseschluss oder fehlende Referenzspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0805"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0808",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Positionssensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch position sensor A signal voltage above the upper limit — short to reference voltage or open signal return.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Kupplungs-Positionssensors A über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0805"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0809",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Positionssensor A Stromkreis aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch position sensor A signal jumps or drops out — vibration, loose connector or oil/heat exposure near the bell housing.",
        "de": "Signal des Kupplungs-Positionssensors A springt oder fällt aus — Vibration, lockerer Stecker oder Öl-/Hitzeeinwirkung am Glockengehäuse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0805"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P080A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Not Learned",
        "de": "Kupplungsposition nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After a clutch replacement or sensor replacement the TCM has not run a successful clutch-position learn cycle. Without learned end-stops the TCM cannot accurately command engagement points, leading to slipping or harsh take-up. A scan-tool guided learn procedure must be performed.",
        "de": "Nach Kupplungs- oder Sensortausch hat die Getriebesteuerung keinen erfolgreichen Anlernzyklus für die Kupplungsposition durchgeführt. Ohne angelernte Endpunkte kann die Steuerung Eingriffspunkte nicht exakt setzen — Schlupf oder harter Eingriff sind die Folge. Ein scantool-geführter Anlernvorgang ist erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "missed_learn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Learn cycle not performed after service",
            "de": "Anlernvorgang nach Service nicht durchgeführt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0805"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P080B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Upshift/Skip Shift Solenoid Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hochschalt-/Skip-Shift-Magnetventil Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Skip-shift solenoid is electrically intact, but the lockout effect does not match commands — solenoid sticks or coil aged, gearbox interlock cannot be applied or released within the expected time.",
        "de": "Skip-Shift-Magnet ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch der Sperreffekt entspricht nicht dem Befehl — Magnetventil klemmt oder Spule gealtert, Schaltsperre lässt sich nicht im Zeitfenster aktivieren oder lösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "skip_shift_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid with weakened force",
            "de": "Gealtertes Magnetventil mit verminderter Kraft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0803"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_gearshift_system",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P080C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Upshift/Skip Shift Solenoid Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hochschalt-/Skip-Shift-Magnetventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Skip-shift solenoid control circuit reads stuck low — short to ground or low-side driver stuck on.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis des Skip-Shift-Magnets liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder hängender Low-Side-Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "skip_shift_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0803"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_gearshift_system",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P080D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Upshift/Skip Shift Solenoid Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hochschalt-/Skip-Shift-Magnetventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Skip-shift solenoid control circuit reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or open coil.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis des Skip-Shift-Magnets liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "skip_shift_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_coil",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Magnetventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0803"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_gearshift_system",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0810",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Control Error",
        "de": "Kupplungsstellungsregelung Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On automated manual or dual-clutch transmissions, the actual clutch actuator position deviates from commanded position beyond tolerance. Position sensor and actuator do not agree on closed-loop test.",
        "de": "Bei automatisierten Schalt- oder Doppelkupplungsgetrieben weicht die tatsächliche Kupplungsstellung vom Sollwert über die Toleranz hinaus ab. Sensor und Aktuator weichen im Regelkreis voneinander ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator",
        "clutch_position_sensor",
        "dual_clutch_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator worn",
            "de": "Kupplungsaktuator verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clutch_disc_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch disc wear past adaptation",
            "de": "Kupplungsverschleiß außerhalb Adaptionsbereich"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0811",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Clutch A Slippage",
        "de": "Übermäßiger Schlupf an Kupplung A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects more slip across clutch A (the first clutch in dual-clutch boxes, or the launch clutch in automated-manual systems) than the calibration allows. Heat builds up rapidly — risk of glazing the friction discs or warping the pressure plate.",
        "de": "Die Getriebesteuerung erkennt mehr Schlupf an Kupplung A (erste Kupplung in Doppelkupplungsgetrieben oder Anfahrkupplung in automatisierten Schaltgetrieben) als kalibriert erlaubt. Es bildet sich rasch Wärme — Risiko der Verglasung der Reibscheiben oder Verzug der Druckplatte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_friction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn clutch A friction disc",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibscheibe Kupplung A"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_clamp_force",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low clamp force from aged actuator",
            "de": "Geringe Anpresskraft durch gealterten Aktor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0812",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reverse Input Circuit",
        "de": "Rückwärts-Eingangskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the reverse-engagement input — the signal that tells the TCM (and other modules — backup lights, parking sensors) that the gear lever is in Reverse. With the input invalid backup lights and rear sensors do not activate.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Rückwärts-Eingang — das Signal teilt der Getriebesteuerung (und anderen Modulen — Rückfahrleuchten, Einparkhilfe) mit, dass der Wählhebel auf R steht. Bei ungültigem Eingang aktivieren sich Rückfahrlicht und Hecksensoren nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reverse_input_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted reverse input wire",
            "de": "Rückwärts-Eingangsleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversing_light",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0813",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reverse Output Circuit",
        "de": "Rückwärts-Ausgangskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the reverse-output circuit — the line that drives backup lights, reverse alarm or transfer-case reverse signal. With the output broken these consumers cannot be activated.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Rückwärts-Ausgangskreis — die Leitung, die Rückfahrleuchten, Rückfahrwarner oder das Rückwärts-Signal des Verteilergetriebes ansteuert. Bei unterbrochenem Ausgang lassen sich diese Verbraucher nicht aktivieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reverse_output_circuit",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted output wire",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversing_light",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0814",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Display Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebebereich-Anzeige Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the transmission range display circuit — drives the PRNDL indicator on the dashboard. With the input invalid the indicator may show the wrong gear range or stay blank.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis der Getriebebereich-Anzeige — treibt die PRNDL-Anzeige im Armaturenbrett. Bei ungültigem Eingang zeigt die Anzeige den falschen Bereich oder bleibt leer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "prndl_display",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted display wire",
            "de": "Anzeigeleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0815",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Upshift Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Hochschalt-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on the manual upshift request switch (paddle or +/- lever) circuit.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Stromkreis des manuellen Hochschalt-Schalters (Schaltwippe oder +/- Hebel)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "upshift_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts failed",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0816",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Downshift Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Runterschalt-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on the manual downshift request switch circuit.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Stromkreis des manuellen Runterschalt-Schalters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "downshift_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts failed",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0817",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Disable Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Anlasser-Sperrkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The starter-disable circuit (used by transmission, immobiliser or anti-theft to block cranking unless safety conditions are met — e.g. clutch pedal pressed on manual, brake pedal on auto) is open. The starter cannot be disabled, weakening the safety chain.",
        "de": "Der Anlasser-Sperrkreis (Getriebe, Wegfahrsperre oder Diebstahlschutz blockieren damit das Anlassen, bis Sicherheitsbedingungen erfüllt sind — z.B. Kupplungspedal beim Schaltgetriebe, Bremspedal beim Automaten) ist unterbrochen. Der Anlasser lässt sich nicht sperren, die Sicherheitskette ist geschwächt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_disable_circuit",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open disable wire",
            "de": "Sperrleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0818",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Driveline Disconnect Switch Input Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsstrang-Trennschalter Eingangskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the driveline disconnect switch input — used on AWD/4WD vehicles to electrically disengage the rear or front axle for fuel economy. With the input invalid the disconnect cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Eingang des Antriebsstrang-Trennschalters — bei AWD/4WD-Fahrzeugen elektrisches Trennen der Hinter- oder Vorderachse zur Verbrauchsreduktion. Bei ungültigem Eingang lässt sich die Trennung nicht kommandieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driveline_disconnect_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted switch wire",
            "de": "Schalterleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0819",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Up and Down Shift Switch to Transmission Range Correlation",
        "de": "Up-/Down-Shift-Schalter zu Getriebebereich Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The up-shift/down-shift paddle or button input is used in manumatic mode to step through gears, but the inputs only make sense when the gear lever is in Drive or the Manual position. The TCM detects an inconsistency — paddle commands while gear lever is in Park or Neutral.",
        "de": "Der Eingang der Up-Shift-/Down-Shift-Paddles oder -Taster wird im Manumatik-Betrieb zum Gangwechsel genutzt — die Eingaben sind aber nur in D oder M sinnvoll. Die Getriebesteuerung erkennt eine Inkonsistenz — Paddle-Befehle bei Wählhebel auf P oder N."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "paddle_shifters",
        "gear_lever_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_paddle",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck paddle/button input",
            "de": "Klemmender Paddle-/Tastereingang"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Swapped wiring after service",
            "de": "Verkabelung nach Service vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P081A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Disable Circuit Low",
        "de": "Anlasser-Sperrkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter disable circuit reads stuck low — short to ground or low-side driver stuck on. The starter is permanently disabled, blocking engine cranking.",
        "de": "Anlasser-Sperrkreis liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder hängender Low-Side-Treiber. Der Anlasser ist dauerhaft gesperrt, der Motor lässt sich nicht starten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_disable_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disable wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sperrleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0817"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P081B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Disable Circuit High",
        "de": "Anlasser-Sperrkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter disable circuit reads stuck high — short to battery voltage. The disable cannot be asserted, weakening the safety chain.",
        "de": "Anlasser-Sperrkreis liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Die Sperre lässt sich nicht aktivieren, die Sicherheitskette ist geschwächt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_disable_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disable wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Sperrleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0817"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P081C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Input Circuit",
        "de": "Park-Eingangskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the Park input circuit — used by ECM/PCM to know that the gear lever is in Park (allows engine start, raises idle for accessory loads). With the input invalid Park-conditional logic falls back to a safe default.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Park-Eingangskreis — die Motor-/Antriebssteuerung erkennt damit, dass der Wählhebel auf Park steht (erlaubt Motorstart, hebt Leerlauf für Zubehör an). Bei ungültigem Eingang nutzt die Park-konditionierte Logik einen sicheren Default."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_input_circuit",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted park input wire",
            "de": "Park-Eingangsleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P081D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Input Circuit",
        "de": "Neutral-Eingangskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the Neutral input circuit — used by ECM/PCM to detect Neutral and adjust idle speed and start enable.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Neutral-Eingangskreis — die Motor-/Antriebssteuerung erkennt damit den Leerlauf und passt Leerlaufdrehzahl und Startfreigabe an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_input_circuit",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted neutral input wire",
            "de": "Neutral-Eingangsleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P081E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Clutch B Slippage",
        "de": "Übermäßiger Schlupf an Kupplung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as excessive clutch A slippage, applied to clutch B (second clutch in dual-clutch boxes — the odd-gear clutch typically).",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei übermäßigem Schlupf Kupplung A, an Kupplung B (zweite Kupplung in Doppelkupplungsgetrieben — typisch die Ungerade-Gang-Kupplung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_friction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn clutch B friction disc",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibscheibe Kupplung B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0811"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P081F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) Signal Correlation",
        "de": "Bremse-Schalt-Interlock (BTSI) Signal-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Brake Transmission Shift Interlock prevents shifting out of Park unless the brake pedal is pressed. The TCM compares the brake-pedal input to the BTSI solenoid command and detects an inconsistency — for example shift permitted while brake not pressed, or interlock active while brake is pressed.",
        "de": "Die Bremse-Schalt-Verriegelung (BTSI) verhindert das Verlassen von Park ohne gedrücktes Bremspedal. Die Getriebesteuerung vergleicht den Bremspedal-Eingang mit dem BTSI-Magnetbefehl und erkennt eine Inkonsistenz — etwa Schaltung erlaubt ohne Bremse oder Verriegelung aktiv mit gedrückter Bremse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "btsi_solenoid",
        "brake_pedal_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_brake_switch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck brake pedal switch",
            "de": "Klemmender Bremslichtschalter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "misadjusted_btsi",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mis-adjusted BTSI mechanism",
            "de": "Fehlerhaft justierter BTSI-Mechanismus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0820",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X-Y Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Y Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an out-of-range or implausible signal from the gear lever X-Y position sensor used on shift-by-wire transmissions.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt ein Signal außerhalb des Bereichs oder unplausibel vom X-Y-Positionssensor des Wählhebels bei Shift-by-Wire-Getrieben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor",
        "shifter_assembly",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shifter_mechanical",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shifter mechanism worn",
            "de": "Wählhebelmechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0821",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Positions-Sensor 1 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the X-axis (left/right) position sensor 1 of an electronic gear lever. Used in stick-shift-by-wire systems where the lever is decoded into X/Y coordinates rather than discrete switches.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am X-Achsen-(links-/rechts-)Positionssensor 1 eines elektronischen Wählhebels. Wird in Shift-by-Wire-Systemen genutzt, in denen der Hebel in X/Y-Koordinaten codiert wird statt über Einzelschalter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_sensor",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring",
            "de": "Verkabelung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0822",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Positions-Sensor 1 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the Y-axis (forward/backward) position sensor 1 of an electronic gear lever.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Y-Achsen-(vor-/zurück-)Positionssensor 1 eines elektronischen Wählhebels."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_sensor",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring",
            "de": "Verkabelung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0823",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 1 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Positions-Sensor 1 Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Gear lever X position sensor 1 signal jumps or drops out — typically a worn rotary contact or vibration on the centre console.",
        "de": "Signal des Wählhebel-X-Positionssensors 1 springt oder fällt aus — typisch verschlissener Drehkontakt oder Vibrationen an der Mittelkonsole."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn rotary contact",
            "de": "Verschlissener Drehkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0821"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0824",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 1 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Positions-Sensor 1 Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Gear lever Y position sensor 1 signal jumps or drops out.",
        "de": "Signal des Wählhebel-Y-Positionssensors 1 springt oder fällt aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn rotary contact",
            "de": "Verschlissener Drehkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0822"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0825",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Push-Pull Switch (Shift Anticipate)",
        "de": "Wählhebel Push-Pull-Schalter (Schalt-Vorerkennung)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the gear-lever push-pull switch — a low-force capacitive or microswitch sensor in the lever knob that detects the operator gripping the lever before it actually moves. Used for shift-anticipation, where the TCM can pre-charge a friction element so the upcoming shift feels seamless.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Push-Pull-Schalter im Wählhebel — ein kapazitiver oder Mikroschalter im Hebelknauf erkennt das Anfassen, bevor sich der Hebel tatsächlich bewegt. Wird zur Schalt-Vorerkennung genutzt, dabei kann die Getriebesteuerung ein Reibelement vorspannen, damit die nachfolgende Schaltung nahtlos ausfällt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "push_pull_switch",
        "gear_lever"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring",
            "de": "Verkabelung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0826",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Up and Down Shift Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Hoch- und Runterschalt-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects a fault in the combined up/down shift switch circuit, where both switch states are simultaneously active or both inactive when activity is expected.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen Fehler im kombinierten Hoch-/Runterschalt-Schalterkreis, wenn beide Zustände gleichzeitig aktiv oder beide inaktiv sind."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_switch_assembly",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Schalter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelung kanalübergreifend kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0827",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Up and Down Shift Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Up-/Down-Shift-Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Up/down shift switch input reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-pressed paddle/button.",
        "de": "Eingang des Up-/Down-Shift-Schalters liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft gedrücktes Paddle/Taster."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "paddle_shifters"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_paddle",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck paddle/button",
            "de": "Klemmendes Paddle/Taster"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0828",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Up and Down Shift Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Up-/Down-Shift-Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Up/down shift switch input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage.",
        "de": "Eingang des Up-/Down-Shift-Schalters liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "paddle_shifters"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0827"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0829",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "5-6 Shift",
        "de": "Schaltung 5 nach 6"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault detected during the 5-to-6 upshift event.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler beim Hochschaltvorgang von 5 nach 6."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pack",
        "shift_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn 6th-gear friction element",
            "de": "Verschlissenes 6.-Gang-Reibelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P07DA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P082A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Positions-Sensor 1 Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Gear lever X sensor 1 is electrically intact, but its readings drift outside the calibrated range or do not match the redundant sensor 2.",
        "de": "Wählhebel-X-Sensor 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch die Werte driften außerhalb des Kalibrierbereichs oder passen nicht zum redundanten Sensor 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged Hall element",
            "de": "Gealtertes Hall-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0821"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P082B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 1 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Positions-Sensor 1 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Gear lever X sensor 1 reads stuck low — short to ground or open reference.",
        "de": "Wählhebel-X-Sensor 1 liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder offene Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0821"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P082C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 1 Circuit High",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Positions-Sensor 1 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Gear lever X sensor 1 reads stuck high — short to reference voltage or open signal return.",
        "de": "Wählhebel-X-Sensor 1 liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0821"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P082D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Positions-Sensor 1 Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Gear lever Y sensor 1 is electrically intact, but its readings drift outside the calibrated range.",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Y-Sensor 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch die Werte driften außerhalb des Kalibrierbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged Hall element",
            "de": "Gealtertes Hall-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0822"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P082E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 1 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Positions-Sensor 1 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Gear lever Y sensor 1 reads stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Y-Sensor 1 liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0822"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P082F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 1 Circuit High",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Positions-Sensor 1 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Gear lever Y sensor 1 reads stuck high — short to reference voltage.",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Y-Sensor 1 liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0822"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0830",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Switch A Circuit",
        "de": "Kupplungspedalschalter A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault on the clutch pedal position switch A used by manual transmission engine control for cruise, start enable and idle correction.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Kupplungspedalschalter A, der bei Schaltgetrieben für Tempomat, Startfreigabe und Leerlaufkorrektur verwendet wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal switch failed",
            "de": "Pedalschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch out of adjustment",
            "de": "Schalter dejustiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0831",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Switch A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Schalter A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch pedal switch A input reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-closed contact. The ECM may treat clutch as constantly disengaged, blocking cruise control or affecting cranking permission on manual transmissions.",
        "de": "Eingang des Kupplungspedal-Schalters A liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt. Die Motorsteuerung sieht die Kupplung ggf. dauernd ausgekuppelt — Tempomat gesperrt oder Anlasserfreigabe bei Schaltgetrieben beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_switch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0832",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Switch A Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Schalter A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch pedal switch A input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage. Cannot detect when clutch is pressed.",
        "de": "Eingang des Kupplungspedal-Schalters A liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Erkennt nicht, wann die Kupplung gedrückt wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_switch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0831"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0833",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Switch B Circuit",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Schalter B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the second clutch pedal switch B — provides redundant clutch-state detection (one switch upper end of pedal travel, other lower end) so the ECM can verify both ends of pedal motion. Used for accurate cranking and cruise enable logic.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am zweiten Kupplungspedal-Schalter B — liefert redundante Kupplungs-Zustandserkennung (ein Schalter am oberen, einer am unteren Pedalweg), damit die Motorsteuerung beide Endpunkte der Pedalbewegung verifiziert. Wird für präzise Anlasser- und Tempomat-Freigabe genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_switch_b",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted switch wire",
            "de": "Schalterleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0834",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Switch B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Schalter B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch pedal switch B input reads stuck low.",
        "de": "Eingang des Kupplungspedal-Schalters B liegt dauerhaft niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0833"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0835",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Switch B Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Schalter B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch pedal switch B input reads stuck high.",
        "de": "Eingang des Kupplungspedal-Schalters B liegt dauerhaft hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0833"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0836",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Allrad-Schalter (4WD) Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the 4WD selector switch input — used by the operator to engage 4WD on demand (4H, 4L, Auto). With the input invalid the transfer case cannot honour operator selection.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Eingang des 4WD-Wahlschalters — der Bediener wählt damit den 4WD-Modus (4H, 4L, Auto). Bei ungültigem Eingang kann das Verteilergetriebe die Bediener-Wahl nicht umsetzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wheel_drive_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted switch wire",
            "de": "Schalterleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0837",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Allrad-Schalter (4WD) Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "4WD switch is electrically intact but its values do not match a valid bit pattern — multiple positions asserted simultaneously, or values outside the calibrated range.",
        "de": "Der 4WD-Schalter ist elektrisch in Ordnung, die Werte passen aber zu keinem gültigen Bitmuster — mehrere Positionen gleichzeitig oder Werte außerhalb des Kalibrierbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wheel_drive_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contaminated_switch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated rotary contact",
            "de": "Verschmutzter Drehkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0836"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0838",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Allrad-Schalter (4WD) Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "4WD switch input reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-closed contact.",
        "de": "Eingang des 4WD-Schalters liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wheel_drive_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0836"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0839",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Allrad-Schalter (4WD) Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "4WD switch input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage.",
        "de": "Eingang des 4WD-Schalters liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wheel_drive_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0836"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P083A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch G Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter G Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the seventh transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch G circuit. Heavy-duty and 8/9/10-speed transmissions can have multiple pressure sensors monitoring different hydraulic circuits — sensor G is the seventh in line.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am siebten Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter G. Heavy-Duty- und 8-/9-/10-Gang-Getriebe können mehrere Drucksensoren für unterschiedliche Hydraulikkreise haben — Sensor G ist der siebte in der Reihe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_pressure_sensor_g",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring",
            "de": "Verkabelung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P083B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch G Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter G Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure sensor G is electrically intact, but the readings do not match the model — drift, jumps or values that do not respond to commanded pressure changes.",
        "de": "Drucksensor G ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch die Werte passen nicht zum Modell — Drift, Sprünge oder Werte, die nicht auf befohlene Druckänderungen reagieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_pressure_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged sensor with offset drift",
            "de": "Gealterter Sensor mit Offset-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P083A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P083C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch G Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter G Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure sensor G signal voltage below the lower limit — short to ground or open reference.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Drucksensors G unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Masseschluss oder offene Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_pressure_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P083A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P083D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch G Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter G Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure sensor G signal voltage above the upper limit — short to reference voltage or open signal return.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Drucksensors G über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_pressure_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P083A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P083E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch G Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter G Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch G reports a circuit intermittent fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter G meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P083F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Switch A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Schalter A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of clutch pedal switches A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One switch failed or harness offset between channels.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Kupplungspedal-Schalter A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Schalter defekt oder Verkabelungs-Versatz zwischen den Kanälen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_switch_a",
        "clutch_pedal_switch_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One switch contact failed",
            "de": "Ein Schalterkontakt defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0840",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöldrucksensor A Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor A reading is implausible compared to commanded line pressure. The TCM detects sensor drift or hydraulic leakage.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Getriebeöldrucksensors A weicht vom angeforderten Leitungsdruck ab. Das TCM erkennt Sensordrift oder hydraulische Leckage."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pressure_sensor",
        "valve_body",
        "transmission_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor drift",
            "de": "Drucksensordrift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic leak",
            "de": "Interne hydraulische Leckage"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0841",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöldrucksensor A Funktionsbereich (zweite Variante)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects rationality fault between fluid pressure sensor A signal and commanded line pressure during defined operating conditions.",
        "de": "Das TCM erkennt eine Plausibilitätsabweichung zwischen Signal des Drucksensors A und angefordertem Leitungsdruck unter definierten Betriebsbedingungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pressure_sensor",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_atf",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low ATF level",
            "de": "Geringer Getriebeölstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0842",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöldrucksensor A Signal niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor A circuit reports voltage below threshold, indicating short to ground or sensor failure.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Getriebeöldrucksensors A meldet Spannung unter Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0843",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöldrucksensor A Signal hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor A circuit reports voltage above threshold, indicating short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Getriebeöldrucksensors A meldet Spannung über Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to battery",
            "de": "Signal gegen Bordnetzspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open ground reference",
            "de": "Massereferenz unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0844",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter A Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch A reports a circuit intermittent fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0845",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch B Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöldrucksensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on the transmission fluid pressure sensor B circuit. Sensor B monitors a secondary hydraulic circuit such as a clutch line.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis des Getriebeöldrucksensors B. Sensor B überwacht einen sekundären hydraulischen Kreis, etwa eine Kupplungsleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0846",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch B reports a circuit range/performance fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated fluid affects pressure",
            "de": "Verschäumtes Öl beeinflusst Druck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0847",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch B reports a circuit low fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0848",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch B Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch B reports a circuit high fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0849",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter B Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch B reports a circuit intermittent fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P084A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch H Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter H Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch H reports a circuit fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter H meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P084B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch H Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter H Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch H reports a circuit range/performance fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter H meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated fluid affects pressure",
            "de": "Verschäumtes Öl beeinflusst Druck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P084C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch H Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter H Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch H reports a circuit low fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter H meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P084D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch H Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter H Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch H reports a circuit high fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter H meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P084E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch H Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter H Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch H reports a circuit intermittent fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter H meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P084F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park/Neutral Switch Output Circuit",
        "de": "Park/Neutral-Schalter Ausgangs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The park/neutral switch output circuit reports a generic fault. Selector position cannot be reliably reported to consumers.",
        "de": "Der Ausgangs-Stromkreis des Park/Neutral-Schalters meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Wählhebelposition kann den Verbrauchern nicht zuverlässig gemeldet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_neutral_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact failed",
            "de": "Schalterkontakt defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0850",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park/Neutral Switch Input Circuit",
        "de": "Park/Neutral-Schalter Eingangsstromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects implausible park/neutral position switch input. The signal does not match the gear lever position reported by the TCM.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt ein unplausibles Signal des Park/Neutral-Schalters. Es stimmt nicht mit der vom TCM gemeldeten Wählhebelposition überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_neutral_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PNP switch failed",
            "de": "PNP-Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch misaligned",
            "de": "Schalter dejustiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibitor_switch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0851",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park/Neutral Switch Input Circuit Low",
        "de": "Park/Neutral-Schalter Eingangs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the park/neutral switch input is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or switch stuck closed.",
        "de": "Spannung am Park/Neutral-Schalter-Eingang liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Schalter geschlossen festsitzend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_neutral_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Schalter geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0852",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park/Neutral Switch Input Circuit High",
        "de": "Park/Neutral-Schalter Eingangs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the park/neutral switch input is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or switch stuck open.",
        "de": "Spannung am Park/Neutral-Schalter-Eingang liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder Schalter offen festsitzend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_neutral_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck open",
            "de": "Schalter offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0853",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Switch Input Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrstufen-Schalter Eingangs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive (D) switch input reports a input circuit fault. Drive mode selection cannot be reliably detected.",
        "de": "Der Fahrstufen-(D-)Schalter-Eingang meldet einen Fehler \"Eingangs-Stromkreis\". Die Fahrmodus-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig erkannt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact failed",
            "de": "Schalterkontakt defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0854",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Switch Input Circuit Low",
        "de": "Fahrstufen-Schalter Eingangs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive (D) switch input reports a input circuit low fault. Drive mode selection cannot be reliably detected.",
        "de": "Der Fahrstufen-(D-)Schalter-Eingang meldet einen Fehler \"Eingangs-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Fahrmodus-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig erkannt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Schalter geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0855",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Switch Input Circuit High",
        "de": "Fahrstufen-Schalter Eingangs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive (D) switch input reports a input circuit high fault. Drive mode selection cannot be reliably detected.",
        "de": "Der Fahrstufen-(D-)Schalter-Eingang meldet einen Fehler \"Eingangs-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Fahrmodus-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig erkannt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck open",
            "de": "Schalter offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0856",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Traction Control Input Signal",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Eingangssignal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The traction control input signal to the ECM reports a input signal condition. Engine torque reduction during wheel slip cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Traktionskontroll-Eingangssignal zum Motorsteuergerät meldet einen Zustand \"Eingangssignal\". Die Drehmomentreduzierung bei Radschlupf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "traction_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "abs_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ABS/TCS module fault",
            "de": "ABS/TCS-Modul-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication fault between modules",
            "de": "Kommunikations-Fehler zwischen Modulen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0857",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Traction Control Input Signal Range/Performance",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Eingangssignal Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The traction control input signal to the ECM reports a input signal range/performance condition. Engine torque reduction during wheel slip cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Traktionskontroll-Eingangssignal zum Motorsteuergerät meldet einen Zustand \"Eingangssignal Bereich/Leistung\". Die Drehmomentreduzierung bei Radschlupf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "traction_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_implausible",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCS signal implausible vs. wheel speeds",
            "de": "TCS-Signal unplausibel gegenüber Raddrehzahlen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "calibration_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module calibration off",
            "de": "Modul-Kalibrierung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0858",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Traction Control Input Signal Low",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Eingangssignal niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The traction control input signal to the ECM reports a input signal low condition. Engine torque reduction during wheel slip cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Traktionskontroll-Eingangssignal zum Motorsteuergerät meldet einen Zustand \"Eingangssignal niedrig\". Die Drehmomentreduzierung bei Radschlupf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "traction_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCS module output low",
            "de": "TCS-Modul-Ausgang niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0859",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Traction Control Input Signal High",
        "de": "Traktionskontrolle Eingangssignal hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The traction control input signal to the ECM reports a input signal high condition. Engine torque reduction during wheel slip cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Traktionskontroll-Eingangssignal zum Motorsteuergerät meldet einen Zustand \"Eingangssignal hoch\". Die Drehmomentreduzierung bei Radschlupf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "traction_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCS module output high",
            "de": "TCS-Modul-Ausgang hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P085A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module B Communication Circuit",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul B Kommunikations-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift control module B communication circuit reports a communication circuit condition. Shift command exchange is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Gangwahl-Steuermodul B Kommunikations-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand Kommunikations-Stromkreis. Der Schaltbefehl-Austausch ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "comm_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication lost",
            "de": "Kommunikation verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P085B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module B Communication Circuit Low",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul B Kommunikations-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift control module B communication circuit reports a communication circuit low condition. Shift command exchange is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Gangwahl-Steuermodul B Kommunikations-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand Kommunikations-Stromkreis niedrig. Der Schaltbefehl-Austausch ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Bus-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module output low",
            "de": "Modul-Ausgang niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P085C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module B Communication Circuit High",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul B Kommunikations-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift control module B communication circuit reports a communication circuit high condition. Shift command exchange is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Gangwahl-Steuermodul B Kommunikations-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand Kommunikations-Stromkreis hoch. Der Schaltbefehl-Austausch ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Bus-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module output high",
            "de": "Modul-Ausgang hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P085D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module A Performance",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift control module A reports a performance fault. Shift command exchange is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Gangwahl-Steuermodul A meldet einen Verhaltens-Fehler. Der Schaltbefehl-Austausch ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "firmware_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Firmware corruption",
            "de": "Firmware beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P085E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module B Performance",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift control module B reports a performance fault. Shift command exchange is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Gangwahl-Steuermodul B meldet einen Verhaltens-Fehler. Der Schaltbefehl-Austausch ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "firmware_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Firmware corruption",
            "de": "Firmware beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P085F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Up and Down Shift Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hoch- und Runter-Schalt-Schalter Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The up/down shift switch reports a range/performance fault. Manual shift requests via paddle or selector cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Hoch-/Runter-Schalt-Schalter meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Fehler. Manuelle Schaltanforderungen via Paddel oder Wählhebel können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "up_down_shift_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0860",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module A Communication Circuit",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul A Kommunikations-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift control module A communication circuit reports a communication circuit condition. Shift command exchange is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Gangwahl-Steuermodul A Kommunikations-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand Kommunikations-Stromkreis. Der Schaltbefehl-Austausch ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "comm_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication lost",
            "de": "Kommunikation verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0861",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module A Communication Circuit Low",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul A Kommunikations-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift control module A communication circuit reports a communication circuit low condition. Shift command exchange is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Gangwahl-Steuermodul A Kommunikations-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand Kommunikations-Stromkreis niedrig. Der Schaltbefehl-Austausch ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Bus-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module output low",
            "de": "Modul-Ausgang niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0862",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module A Communication Circuit High",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul A Kommunikations-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift control module A communication circuit reports a communication circuit high condition. Shift command exchange is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Gangwahl-Steuermodul A Kommunikations-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand Kommunikations-Stromkreis hoch. Der Schaltbefehl-Austausch ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Bus-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module output high",
            "de": "Modul-Ausgang hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0863",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Communication Circuit",
        "de": "TCM Kommunikations-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Transmission Control Module communication circuit reports a communication circuit fault. Data exchange between TCM and ECM is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Kommunikations-Stromkreis des Getriebesteuermoduls (TCM) meldet einen Fehler \"Kommunikations-Stromkreis\". Der Datenaustausch zwischen TCM und ECM ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "comm_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication bus fault",
            "de": "Kommunikations-Bus-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcm_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM internal fault",
            "de": "TCM-Interner Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0864",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Communication Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "TCM Kommunikations-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Transmission Control Module communication circuit reports a communication circuit range/performance fault. Data exchange between TCM and ECM is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Kommunikations-Stromkreis des Getriebesteuermoduls (TCM) meldet einen Fehler \"Kommunikations-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der Datenaustausch zwischen TCM und ECM ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "comm_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication bus fault",
            "de": "Kommunikations-Bus-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcm_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM internal fault",
            "de": "TCM-Interner Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0865",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Communication Circuit Low",
        "de": "TCM Kommunikations-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Transmission Control Module communication circuit reports a communication circuit low fault. Data exchange between TCM and ECM is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Kommunikations-Stromkreis des Getriebesteuermoduls (TCM) meldet einen Fehler \"Kommunikations-Stromkreis niedrig\". Der Datenaustausch zwischen TCM und ECM ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "comm_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication bus fault",
            "de": "Kommunikations-Bus-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcm_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM internal fault",
            "de": "TCM-Interner Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0866",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Communication Circuit High",
        "de": "TCM Kommunikations-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Transmission Control Module communication circuit reports a communication circuit high fault. Data exchange between TCM and ECM is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Kommunikations-Stromkreis des Getriebesteuermoduls (TCM) meldet einen Fehler \"Kommunikations-Stromkreis hoch\". Der Datenaustausch zwischen TCM und ECM ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "comm_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication bus fault",
            "de": "Kommunikations-Bus-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcm_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM internal fault",
            "de": "TCM-Interner Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0867",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an out-of-range overall transmission fluid pressure. Hydraulic supply pressure does not match the calibrated profile.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen Gesamt-Getriebeöldruck außerhalb des Bereichs. Der hydraulische Versorgungsdruck passt nicht zum kalibrierten Profil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_pump",
        "valve_body",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission pump worn",
            "de": "Getriebeölpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission fluid level low",
            "de": "Getriebeölstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0868",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects line pressure below the calibrated minimum during normal operation, suggesting hydraulic leakage, low fluid or pump wear.",
        "de": "Das TCM erkennt einen Leitungsdruck unter dem kalibrierten Minimum im Normalbetrieb, Hinweis auf hydraulische Leckage, geringen Ölstand oder Pumpenverschleiß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_pump",
        "valve_body",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_atf",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low transmission fluid",
            "de": "Zu wenig Getriebeöl"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission pump wear",
            "de": "Verschleiß der Getriebepumpe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic leak",
            "de": "Interne hydraulische Leckage"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0869",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure High",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects line pressure above the calibrated maximum, suggesting stuck pressure regulator valve or solenoid fault.",
        "de": "Das TCM erkennt einen Leitungsdruck über dem kalibrierten Maximum, Hinweis auf festsitzendes Druckregelventil oder Magnetventilfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_regulator_valve",
        "pressure_control_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator valve stuck",
            "de": "Druckregelventil festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure control solenoid fault",
            "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P086A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor A Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor A reports a circuit/open fault. Verification of true neutral position is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P086B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor A reports a range/performance fault. Verification of true neutral position is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P086C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor A reports a circuit low fault. Verification of true neutral position is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P086D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor A reports a circuit high fault. Verification of true neutral position is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P086E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor A reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Verification of true neutral position is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P086F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor A Not Learned",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor A nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor A reports a not learned fault. Verification of true neutral position is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor A meldet einen Fehler \"nicht angelernt\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0870",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöldrucksensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on the transmission fluid pressure sensor C circuit. Sensor C typically monitors a third hydraulic clutch or band line.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis des Getriebeöldrucksensors C. Sensor C überwacht typischerweise einen dritten Kupplungs- oder Bremsbandkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0871",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch C reports a circuit range/performance fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated fluid affects pressure",
            "de": "Verschäumtes Öl beeinflusst Druck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0872",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch C reports a circuit low fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0873",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch C reports a circuit high fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0874",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch C reports a circuit intermittent fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0875",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch D Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöldrucksensor D Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on the transmission fluid pressure sensor D circuit. Sensor D monitors an additional hydraulic line on multi-clutch transmissions.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis des Getriebeöldrucksensors D. Sensor D überwacht eine zusätzliche hydraulische Leitung in Mehrkupplungsgetrieben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pressure_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0876",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch D Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter D Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch D reports a circuit range/performance fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter D meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated fluid affects pressure",
            "de": "Verschäumtes Öl beeinflusst Druck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0877",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch D Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter D Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch D reports a circuit low fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter D meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0878",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch D Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter D Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch D reports a circuit high fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter D meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0879",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch D Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter D Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch D reports a circuit intermittent fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter D meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P087A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Kupplungspositions-Sensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the clutch position sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Kupplungspositions-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P087B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kupplungspositions-Sensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the clutch position sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Kupplungspositions-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P087C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Sensor B Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplungspositions-Sensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the clutch position sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Kupplungspositions-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P087D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Sensor B Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplungspositions-Sensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the clutch position sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Kupplungspositions-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P087E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Position Sensor B Circuit Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kupplungspositions-Sensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent fault on the clutch position sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\" am Kupplungspositions-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0880",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Input Signal",
        "de": "TCM Spannungseingangssignal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an out-of-range supply voltage at its main power input. Battery voltage is too low or too high during operation.",
        "de": "Das TCM erkennt eine außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Versorgungsspannung am Haupteingang. Bordnetzspannung ist im Betrieb zu niedrig oder zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "battery",
        "alternator",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low battery or alternator fault",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie oder Lichtmaschinenfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "poor_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor TCM ground",
            "de": "Schlechter TCM-Massepunkt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0881",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Input Signal Range/Performance",
        "de": "TCM Leistungs-Eingangssignal Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power input signal to the Transmission Control Module is outside the calibrated tolerance. Supply or wake-up signal drift.",
        "de": "Das Leistungs-Eingangssignal zum Getriebesteuermodul liegt außerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Versorgungs- oder Wake-Up-Signal-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage drifted",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0882",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Input Signal Low",
        "de": "TCM Spannungseingangssignal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM main supply voltage falls below the operating threshold for an extended period, causing reset risk and unreliable shift control.",
        "de": "Die Hauptversorgungsspannung des TCM unterschreitet über längere Zeit den Betriebsschwellwert, was Reset-Risiken und unzuverlässige Schaltsteuerung verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "battery",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "discharged_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Discharged or weak battery",
            "de": "Entladene oder schwache Batterie"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_drop_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage drop in supply wiring",
            "de": "Spannungsabfall in Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0883",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Input Signal High",
        "de": "TCM Spannungseingangssignal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM main supply voltage exceeds the operating threshold, typically caused by a faulty voltage regulator on the alternator.",
        "de": "Die Hauptversorgungsspannung des TCM überschreitet den Betriebsschwellwert, meist verursacht durch einen defekten Spannungsregler an der Lichtmaschine."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "alternator",
        "voltage_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_overcharge",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overcharging",
            "de": "Lichtmaschine lädt zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0884",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Input Signal Intermittent",
        "de": "TCM Spannungseingangssignal intermittierend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects intermittent loss of main supply voltage above a threshold count. Often caused by loose connector or relay fault.",
        "de": "Das TCM erkennt einen intermittierenden Verlust der Hauptversorgungsspannung oberhalb eines Schwellwerts. Häufig durch lose Stecker oder defektes Relais."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "tcm_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM power relay intermittent",
            "de": "TCM-Versorgungsrelais wackelt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power connector loose",
            "de": "Versorgungsstecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0885",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Relay Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "TCM-Leistungsrelais Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM power relay reports a control circuit/open condition. TCM supply control is impaired.",
        "de": "Das TCM-Leistungsrelais meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die TCM-Versorgungssteuerung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_power_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0886",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Relay Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "TCM-Leistungsrelais Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM power relay reports a control circuit low condition. TCM supply control is impaired.",
        "de": "Das TCM-Leistungsrelais meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die TCM-Versorgungssteuerung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_power_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0887",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Relay Control Circuit High",
        "de": "TCM-Leistungsrelais Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM power relay reports a control circuit high condition. TCM supply control is impaired.",
        "de": "Das TCM-Leistungsrelais meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die TCM-Versorgungssteuerung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_power_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0888",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Relay Sense Circuit",
        "de": "TCM-Leistungsrelais Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM power relay reports a sense circuit condition. TCM supply control is impaired.",
        "de": "Das TCM-Leistungsrelais meldet einen Zustand \"Mess-Stromkreis\". Die TCM-Versorgungssteuerung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_power_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback wire fault",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_contact_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contact aged",
            "de": "Relaiskontakt gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0889",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Relay Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "TCM-Leistungsrelais Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM power relay reports a sense circuit range/performance condition. TCM supply control is impaired.",
        "de": "Das TCM-Leistungsrelais meldet einen Zustand \"Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die TCM-Versorgungssteuerung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_power_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contact resistance drifted",
            "de": "Kontaktwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback voltage drifted",
            "de": "Rückmeldespannung driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P088A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Filter Deteriorated",
        "de": "Getriebeölfilter verschlechtert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects a deteriorated transmission fluid filter based on differential pressure or flow restriction. Filter change recommended.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen verschlechterten Getriebeölfilter anhand von Differenzdruck oder Volumenstrom-Einschränkung. Filterwechsel empfohlen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "filter_loaded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Filter loaded with debris",
            "de": "Filter mit Schmutz beladen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "service_overdue",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Service interval overdue",
            "de": "Wartungsintervall überzogen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P088B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Filter Very Deteriorated",
        "de": "Getriebeölfilter stark verschlechtert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid filter is critically restricted. Hydraulic flow is severely impaired - immediate filter change required to prevent transmission damage.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeölfilter ist kritisch eingeengt. Der Hydraulik-Volumenstrom ist stark beeinträchtigt - sofortiger Filterwechsel erforderlich, um Getriebeschäden zu vermeiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "filter_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Filter heavily blocked",
            "de": "Filter stark blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "metal_debris",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal transmission metal debris",
            "de": "Interner Getriebe-Metallabrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P088C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reverse Inhibit Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Rückwärtsgang-Sperrsteuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the reverse inhibit control circuit is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Spannung am Rückwärtsgang-Sperrsteuerkreis liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reverse_inhibit_control",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator internal short",
            "de": "Aktuator intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P088D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reverse Inhibit Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Rückwärtsgang-Sperrsteuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the reverse inhibit control circuit is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Spannung am Rückwärtsgang-Sperrsteuerkreis liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reverse_inhibit_control",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator",
            "de": "Offener Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P088E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Planetary Gear Set Failure",
        "de": "Planetensatz-Versagen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects mechanical failure of a planetary gear set inside the transmission. Sun, ring, or planet gears may be damaged.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen mechanischen Ausfall eines Planetensatzes im Getriebe. Sonnen-, Ring- oder Planetenrad sind möglicherweise beschädigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "planetary_gear_set",
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gear_damage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Planetary gear teeth damaged",
            "de": "Planeten-Zahnräder-Zähne beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bearing_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Planetary bearing failure",
            "de": "Planeten-Lager defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          2000,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          10,
          30
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0890",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Relay Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "TCM Versorgungsrelais Sensorleitung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM monitors the output side of its power relay; when the sense voltage is below threshold while relay is commanded closed, this code sets.",
        "de": "Das TCM überwacht die Ausgangsseite seines Versorgungsrelais. Liegt die Sensorspannung bei eingeschaltetem Relais unter Schwellwert, wird dieser Code gesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay failed open",
            "de": "Relais bleibt offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wiring at sense input",
            "de": "Unterbrechung an Sensoreingang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0891",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Relay Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "TCM Versorgungsrelais Sensorleitung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects voltage on the relay sense line above threshold while relay is commanded open, indicating relay welded closed or short to power.",
        "de": "Das TCM erkennt Spannung auf der Sensorleitung oberhalb des Schwellwerts bei abgeschaltetem Relais, Hinweis auf festklebendes Relais oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts welded",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0892",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Power Relay Sense Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "TCM-Leistungsrelais-Mess-Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sense feedback from the TCM power relay drops out intermittently. Loose connector or oxidised relay contact.",
        "de": "Die Mess-Rückmeldung des TCM-Leistungsrelais fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder oxidierter Relaiskontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm_power_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contact_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contact oxidised",
            "de": "Relaiskontakt oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0893",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Multiple Gears Engaged",
        "de": "Mehrere Gänge eingelegt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects that more than one gear element is engaged simultaneously. Risk of transmission lock-up - severe internal fault.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt, dass mehr als ein Gangelement gleichzeitig eingerückt ist. Gefahr des Getriebeblockierens - schwerer interner Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission",
        "valve_body",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_body_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve body failure - solenoids stuck",
            "de": "Ventilkörper-Versagen - Solenoide festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcm_logic_error",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM logic error",
            "de": "TCM-Logik-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          1000,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          5,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0894",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Component Slipping",
        "de": "Getriebekomponente rutscht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects slipping in a clutch or band element. Output speed does not match the calculated value for the engaged gear ratio.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt Schlupf in einem Kupplungs- oder Bandelement. Die Ausgangsdrehzahl passt nicht zum berechneten Wert für die eingelegte Übersetzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_packs",
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch friction surfaces worn",
            "de": "Kupplungs-Reibflächen verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pressure too low",
            "de": "Hydraulikdruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          5,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0895",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Time Too Short",
        "de": "Schaltzeit zu kurz"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission shift time is shorter than the calibrated minimum. Risk of harsh engagement and shock loads.",
        "de": "Die Getriebe-Schaltzeit ist kürzer als das kalibrierte Minimum. Gefahr für harten Einrückvorgang und Stoßbelastungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "valve_body",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "control_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift control overshoot",
            "de": "Schaltsteuerung überschwingt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pressure too high",
            "de": "Hydraulikdruck zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0896",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Time Too Long",
        "de": "Schaltzeit zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission shift time exceeds the calibrated maximum. Possible hydraulic restriction, weak solenoid, or worn clutch.",
        "de": "Die Getriebe-Schaltzeit überschreitet das kalibrierte Maximum. Mögliche hydraulische Einschränkung, schwaches Solenoid oder verschlissene Kupplung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "valve_body",
        "shift_solenoids",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid response slow",
            "de": "Schaltsolenoid reagiert langsam"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_viscosity_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fluid viscosity too high",
            "de": "Ölviskosität zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0897",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Deteriorated",
        "de": "Getriebeöl verschlechtert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects deteriorated transmission fluid based on temperature exposure history or sensor measurement. Fluid change recommended.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt verschlechtertes Getriebeöl anhand der Temperatur-Belastungs-Historie oder Sensormessung. Ölwechsel empfohlen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "service_overdue",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Service interval overdue",
            "de": "Wartungsintervall überzogen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Repeated thermal stress",
            "de": "Wiederholte thermische Belastung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0898",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Control System MIL Request Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebesteuerung MIL-Anforderungs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the transmission control system MIL request circuit is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or driver low.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am MIL-Anforderungs-Stromkreis der Getriebesteuerung liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Endstufe niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mil_request_circuit",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver fault low",
            "de": "Endstufen-Fehler niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0899",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Control System MIL Request Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebesteuerung MIL-Anforderungs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the transmission control system MIL request circuit is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or driver open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am MIL-Anforderungs-Stromkreis der Getriebesteuerung liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder Endstufe offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mil_request_circuit",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver fault open",
            "de": "Endstufen-Fehler offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P089A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Achse Positionssensor 2 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever X-axis position sensor 2 reports a circuit fault. Redundant selector position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-X-Achse-Positionssensor 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Der redundante Wählhebel-Positions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_position_sensor_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P089B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Achse Positionssensor 2 Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever X-axis position sensor 2 reports a circuit range/performance fault. Redundant selector position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-X-Achse-Positionssensor 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der redundante Wählhebel-Positions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_position_sensor_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P089C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 2 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Achse Positionssensor 2 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever X-axis position sensor 2 reports a circuit low fault. Redundant selector position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-X-Achse-Positionssensor 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der redundante Wählhebel-Positions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_position_sensor_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P089D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 2 Circuit High",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Achse Positionssensor 2 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever X-axis position sensor 2 reports a circuit high fault. Redundant selector position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-X-Achse-Positionssensor 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der redundante Wählhebel-Positions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_position_sensor_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P089E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 2 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Achse Positionssensor 2 Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever X-axis position sensor 2 reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Redundant selector position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-X-Achse-Positionssensor 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Der redundante Wählhebel-Positions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_position_sensor_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P089F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Achse Positionssensor 2 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever Y-axis position sensor 2 reports a circuit fault. Redundant selector position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Y-Achse-Positionssensor 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Der redundante Wählhebel-Positions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_position_sensor_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Achse Positionssensor 2 Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever Y-axis position sensor 2 reports a circuit range/performance fault. Redundant selector position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Y-Achse-Positionssensor 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der redundante Wählhebel-Positions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_position_sensor_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 2 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Achse Positionssensor 2 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever Y-axis position sensor 2 reports a circuit low fault. Redundant selector position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Y-Achse-Positionssensor 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der redundante Wählhebel-Positions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_position_sensor_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 2 Circuit High",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Achse Positionssensor 2 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever Y-axis position sensor 2 reports a circuit high fault. Redundant selector position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Y-Achse-Positionssensor 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der redundante Wählhebel-Positions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_position_sensor_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 2 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Achse Positionssensor 2 Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever Y-axis position sensor 2 reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Redundant selector position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Y-Achse-Positionssensor 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Der redundante Wählhebel-Positions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_position_sensor_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever X Position Sensor 1/2 Correlation",
        "de": "Wählhebel X-Achse Positionssensor 1/2 Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the gear lever X-axis position sensors 1 and 2 do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Wählhebel-X-Achse-Positionssensoren 1 und 2 korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_x_position_sensor_1",
        "gear_lever_x_position_sensor_2",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped",
            "de": "Verkabelung vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Y Position Sensor 1/2 Correlation",
        "de": "Wählhebel Y-Achse Positionssensor 1/2 Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the gear lever Y-axis position sensors 1 and 2 do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Wählhebel-Y-Achse-Positionssensoren 1 und 2 korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_y_position_sensor_1",
        "gear_lever_y_position_sensor_2",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped",
            "de": "Verkabelung vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor System - Multiple Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor-System - Mehrfach-Sensor-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of multiple gear lever position sensors do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale mehrerer Wählhebel-Positionssensoren korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensors",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped",
            "de": "Verkabelung vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor A reports a circuit/open fault. Pedal position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Pedalposition kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor A reports a circuit range/performance fault. Pedal position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Pedalposition kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor A reports a circuit low fault. Pedal position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Pedalposition kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor A reports a circuit high fault. Pedal position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Pedalposition kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor A reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Pedal position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Pedalposition kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor A Not Learned",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor A reports a not learned fault. Pedal position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A meldet einen Fehler \"nicht angelernt\". Die Pedalposition kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor B Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor B reports a circuit/open fault. Verification of true neutral position on the B channel is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung auf Kanal B ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor B reports a circuit range/performance fault. Verification of true neutral position on the B channel is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung auf Kanal B ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor B reports a circuit low fault. Verification of true neutral position on the B channel is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung auf Kanal B ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor B reports a circuit high fault. Verification of true neutral position on the B channel is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung auf Kanal B ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor B reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Verification of true neutral position on the B channel is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung auf Kanal B ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the neutral position sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Neutralstellungs-Sensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_a",
        "neutral_position_sensor_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped",
            "de": "Verkabelung vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neutral Position Sensor B Not Learned",
        "de": "Neutralstellungs-Sensor B nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The neutral position sensor B reports a not learned fault. Verification of true neutral position on the B channel is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Neutralstellungs-Sensor B meldet einen Fehler \"nicht angelernt\". Die Verifikation der echten Neutralstellung auf Kanal B ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "neutral_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost",
            "de": "Adaption verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor B Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor B reports a circuit/open fault. Redundant pedal position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis offen\". Der redundante Pedalpositions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor B reports a circuit range/performance fault. Redundant pedal position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der redundante Pedalpositions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor B reports a circuit low fault. Redundant pedal position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der redundante Pedalpositions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor B reports a circuit high fault. Redundant pedal position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der redundante Pedalpositions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch pedal position sensor B reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Redundant pedal position channel is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Der redundante Pedalpositions-Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of clutch pedal position sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Kupplungspedal-Positionssensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_a",
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped",
            "de": "Verkabelung vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid L",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in pressure control solenoid L. Detected via electrical resistance, response to commanded duty cycle, or downstream pressure measurement.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid L. Erkannt über elektrischen Widerstand, Reaktion auf Soll-Tastgrad oder nachgelagerte Druckmessung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_l",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid L Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid L Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid L is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic feed restricted.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid L wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder Hydraulik-Zulauf eingeengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_l",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid L Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid L dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid L stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected hydraulic circuit stays pressurised.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid L bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Hydraulikkreis bleibt unter Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_l",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid L Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid L elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on transmission pressure control solenoid L. Hydraulic pressure cannot be modulated as expected, causing harsh or slipping shifts.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Druckregel-Solenoid L des Getriebes. Der Hydraulikdruck kann nicht wie erwartet moduliert werden, was harte oder rutschende Schaltungen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_l",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid L Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid L sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid L shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid L zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_l",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid L Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid L Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit in the control wiring of pressure control solenoid L. No current flows when the solenoid is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids L. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_l",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid L Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid L Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid L does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid L stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_l",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid L Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid L Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid L control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids L liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_l",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid L Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid L Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid L control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids L liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_l",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid M",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid M"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in pressure control solenoid M. Detected via electrical resistance, response to commanded duty cycle, or downstream pressure measurement.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid M. Erkannt über elektrischen Widerstand, Reaktion auf Soll-Tastgrad oder nachgelagerte Druckmessung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_m",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid M Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid M Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid M is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic feed restricted.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid M wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder Hydraulik-Zulauf eingeengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_m",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid M Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid M dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid M stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected hydraulic circuit stays pressurised.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid M bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Hydraulikkreis bleibt unter Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_m",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid M Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid M elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on transmission pressure control solenoid M. Hydraulic pressure cannot be modulated as expected, causing harsh or slipping shifts.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Druckregel-Solenoid M des Getriebes. Der Hydraulikdruck kann nicht wie erwartet moduliert werden, was harte oder rutschende Schaltungen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_m",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid M Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid M sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid M shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid M zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_m",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid M Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid M Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit in the control wiring of pressure control solenoid M. No current flows when the solenoid is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids M. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_m",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid M Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid M Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid M does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid M stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_m",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid M Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid M Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid M control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids M liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_m",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid M Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid M Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid M control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids M liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_m",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid J",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in shift solenoid J. Affects gear engagement timing or pressure.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Schaltsolenoid J. Beeinträchtigt Gangwechsel-Zeitpunkt oder Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_j",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid failed",
            "de": "Solenoid defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body",
            "de": "Verschlissener Ventilkörper"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid J Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid J Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid J is commanded on but does not engage the corresponding gear element.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid J wird angesteuert, aktiviert aber das zugehörige Gangelement nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_j",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck closed",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed blocked",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid J Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid J dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid J stays activated when commanded off. Gear element remains engaged.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid J bleibt aktiviert, auch wenn Abschaltung angefordert wurde. Das Gangelement bleibt eingerückt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_j",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck open",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber offen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid J Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid J elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on shift solenoid J.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Schaltsolenoid J."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_j",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Solenoid-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid J Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid J sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid J shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid J zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_j",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance marginal",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid J Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid J Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Current through shift solenoid J does not match the commanded value within tolerance.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Schaltsolenoid J stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_j",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid J Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid J Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the shift solenoid J control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Schaltsolenoids J liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_j",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil shorted internally",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid J Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid J Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the shift solenoid J control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Schaltsolenoids J liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_j",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid J Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid J Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit in the control wiring of shift solenoid J.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Schaltsolenoids J."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_j",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid K",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in shift solenoid K. Affects gear engagement timing or pressure.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Schaltsolenoid K. Beeinträchtigt Gangwechsel-Zeitpunkt oder Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_k",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid failed",
            "de": "Solenoid defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body",
            "de": "Verschlissener Ventilkörper"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid K Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid K Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid K is commanded on but does not engage the corresponding gear element.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid K wird angesteuert, aktiviert aber das zugehörige Gangelement nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_k",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck closed",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed blocked",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid K Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid K dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid K stays activated when commanded off. Gear element remains engaged.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid K bleibt aktiviert, auch wenn Abschaltung angefordert wurde. Das Gangelement bleibt eingerückt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_k",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck open",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber offen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid K Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid K elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on shift solenoid K.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Schaltsolenoid K."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_k",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Solenoid-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid K Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid K sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid K shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid K zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_k",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance marginal",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid K Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid K Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Current through shift solenoid K does not match the commanded value within tolerance.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Schaltsolenoid K stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_k",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid K Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid K Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the shift solenoid K control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Schaltsolenoids K liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_k",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil shorted internally",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid K Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid K Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the shift solenoid K control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Schaltsolenoids K liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_k",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid K Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid K Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit in the control wiring of shift solenoid K.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Schaltsolenoids K."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_k",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid L",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in shift solenoid L. Affects gear engagement timing or pressure.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Schaltsolenoid L. Beeinträchtigt Gangwechsel-Zeitpunkt oder Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_l",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid failed",
            "de": "Solenoid defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body",
            "de": "Verschlissener Ventilkörper"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid L Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid L Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid L is commanded on but does not engage the corresponding gear element.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid L wird angesteuert, aktiviert aber das zugehörige Gangelement nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_l",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck closed",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed blocked",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid L Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid L dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid L stays activated when commanded off. Gear element remains engaged.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid L bleibt aktiviert, auch wenn Abschaltung angefordert wurde. Das Gangelement bleibt eingerückt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_l",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck open",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber offen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid L Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid L elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on shift solenoid L.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Schaltsolenoid L."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_l",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Solenoid-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid L Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid L sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid L shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid L zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_l",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance marginal",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid L Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid L Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Current through shift solenoid L does not match the commanded value within tolerance.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Schaltsolenoid L stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_l",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid L Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid L Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the shift solenoid L control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Schaltsolenoids L liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_l",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil shorted internally",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid L Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid L Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the shift solenoid L control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Schaltsolenoids L liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_l",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid L Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid L Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit in the control wiring of shift solenoid L.",
        "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Schaltsolenoids L."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_l",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Clutch Enable Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kupplung Aktivierungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A clutch enable circuit reports a fault condition. Hybrid clutch engagement cannot be reliably commanded or verified.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis der Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis\". Die Hybrid-Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert oder verifiziert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in enable wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktivierungs-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Clutch Enable Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kupplung Aktivierungs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A clutch enable circuit reports a low condition. Hybrid clutch engagement cannot be reliably commanded or verified.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis der Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Hybrid-Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert oder verifiziert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Clutch Enable Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kupplung Aktivierungs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A clutch enable circuit reports a high condition. Hybrid clutch engagement cannot be reliably commanded or verified.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis der Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Hybrid-Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert oder verifiziert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pull_down_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Clutch Pawl Position Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kupplung Sperrklinken-Positions-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A clutch pawl position circuit reports a fault condition. Hybrid clutch engagement cannot be reliably commanded or verified.",
        "de": "Der Sperrklinken-Positions-Stromkreis der Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Sperrklinken-Positions-Stromkreis\". Die Hybrid-Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert oder verifiziert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pawl position sensor failed",
            "de": "Sperrklinken-Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Clutch Pawl Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kupplung Sperrklinken-Positions-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A clutch pawl position circuit reports a low condition. Hybrid clutch engagement cannot be reliably commanded or verified.",
        "de": "Der Sperrklinken-Positions-Stromkreis der Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Sperrklinken-Positions-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Hybrid-Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert oder verifiziert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Clutch Pawl Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kupplung Sperrklinken-Positions-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A clutch pawl position circuit reports a high condition. Hybrid clutch engagement cannot be reliably commanded or verified.",
        "de": "Der Sperrklinken-Positions-Stromkreis der Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Sperrklinken-Positions-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Hybrid-Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert oder verifiziert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P08ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Clutch Pawl Position Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kupplung Sperrklinken-Position Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A clutch pawl position circuit reports a performance condition. Hybrid clutch engagement cannot be reliably commanded or verified.",
        "de": "Der Sperrklinken-Positions-Stromkreis der Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Sperrklinken-Position Verhalten\". Die Hybrid-Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert oder verifiziert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pawl mechanism worn",
            "de": "Sperrklinken-Mechanismus verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0900",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kupplungsaktuator Stromkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit at the clutch actuator output. Used on automated manual or dual-clutch transmissions.",
        "de": "Das TCM erkennt einen offenen Stromkreis am Kupplungsaktuatorausgang. Tritt bei automatisierten Schalt- oder Doppelkupplungsgetrieben auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator winding open",
            "de": "Aktuatorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Leitungsunterbrechung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0901",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kupplungsaktuator Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch actuator does not meet performance criteria during commanded movement, indicating mechanical or hydraulic resistance beyond expected range.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungsaktuator erreicht die Bewegungsanforderungen nicht. Hinweis auf mechanischen oder hydraulischen Widerstand außerhalb des Erwartungsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator",
        "clutch_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator worn or sluggish",
            "de": "Aktuator verschlissen oder träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clutch_disc_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch disc worn beyond adaptation",
            "de": "Kupplungsscheibe über Adaptionsbereich verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0902",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplungsaktuator Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the clutch actuator control circuit is below threshold, indicating short to ground or driver fault.",
        "de": "Spannung im Steuerkreis des Kupplungsaktuators unter Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Masse oder defekte Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcm_driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver fault",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufenfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0903",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplungsaktuator Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the clutch actuator control circuit is above threshold, indicating short to battery or open driver.",
        "de": "Spannung im Steuerkreis des Kupplungsaktuators über Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to battery",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_driver",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open driver circuit",
            "de": "Endstufenkreis offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0904",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit A",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit A reports a circuit a fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis A\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0905",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit",
        "de": "Gassen-Wählposition Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on the gate selector position sensor used on automated manual transmissions to determine which shift gate is selected.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Sensor der Gassen-Wählposition bei automatisierten Schaltgetrieben, der die ausgewählte Schaltgasse erfasst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0906",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit A Low",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit A reports a circuit a low fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis A niedrig\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0907",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit A High",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit A reports a circuit a high fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis A hoch\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0908",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit A Intermittent",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis A sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit A reports a circuit a intermittent fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis A sporadisch\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0909",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Control Error",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Steuerungsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects that the gate select actuator does not reach the commanded position within tolerance. Mechanical bind, weak actuator, or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt, dass der Gassenwahl-Aktuator die angeforderte Position nicht innerhalb der Toleranz erreicht. Mechanisches Klemmen, schwacher Aktuator oder Sensor-Versatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_actuator",
        "gate_select_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_bind",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Selector mechanism binding",
            "de": "Wählhebel-Mechanik klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator force degraded",
            "de": "Aktuatorkraft nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P090A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Actuator Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch B actuator control circuit reports a control circuit/open condition. Clutch B engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kupplungs-Aktuators B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Einrückung der Kupplung B kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P090B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Actuator Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator B Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch B actuator control circuit reports a control circuit performance condition. Clutch B engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kupplungs-Aktuators B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten\". Die Einrückung der Kupplung B kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slower than calibrated",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion langsamer als kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P090C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Actuator Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch B actuator control circuit reports a control circuit low condition. Clutch B engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kupplungs-Aktuators B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Einrückung der Kupplung B kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P090D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Actuator Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch B actuator control circuit reports a control circuit high condition. Clutch B engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kupplungs-Aktuators B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Einrückung der Kupplung B kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0910",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Actuator Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Gassen-Wählaktuator Stromkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit detected at the gate select actuator output, used to move the shift mechanism between gates on automated manual transmissions.",
        "de": "Offener Stromkreis am Ausgang des Gassen-Wählaktuators, der bei automatisierten Schaltgetrieben den Schaltmechanismus zwischen den Gassen bewegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator winding open",
            "de": "Aktuatorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Leitungsunterbrechung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0911",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Actuator Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Aktuator Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select actuator circuit reports a range/performance fault. Gate selection actuation is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Gassenwahl-Aktuators meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Gassenwahl-Ansteuerung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slower than calibrated",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion langsamer als kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0912",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Actuator Circuit Low",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Aktuator Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select actuator circuit reports a low fault. Gate selection actuation is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Gassenwahl-Aktuators meldet einen Fehler \"niedrig\". Die Gassenwahl-Ansteuerung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0913",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Actuator Circuit High",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Aktuator Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select actuator circuit reports a high fault. Gate selection actuation is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Gassenwahl-Aktuators meldet einen Fehler \"hoch\". Die Gassenwahl-Ansteuerung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0914",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit A",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit A reports a circuit fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0915",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltpositionssensor Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position sensor signal is implausible relative to commanded gear, suggesting linkage misadjustment or sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Schaltpositionssensors ist im Vergleich zum angeforderten Gang unplausibel, Hinweis auf dejustierte Mechanik oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor",
        "shift_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "linkage_adjust",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift linkage out of adjustment",
            "de": "Schaltgestänge dejustiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensordrift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0916",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit Low A",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis niedrig A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit A reports a circuit low fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0917",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit High A",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis hoch A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit A reports a circuit high fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0918",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit Intermittent A",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis sporadisch A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit A reports a circuit intermittent fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0919",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Control Error",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Positions-Steuerungsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects that the gear shift actuator does not reach the commanded position within tolerance. Mechanical bind or actuator weakness.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt, dass der Gangwahl-Aktuator die angeforderte Position nicht innerhalb der Toleranz erreicht. Mechanisches Klemmen oder Aktuator-Schwäche."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_actuator",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_bind",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanism binding",
            "de": "Mechanismus klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator force degraded",
            "de": "Aktuatorkraft nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P091A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit B",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit B reports a circuit fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P091B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit Range/Performance B",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit B reports a circuit range/performance fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P091C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit Low B",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis niedrig B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit B reports a circuit low fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P091D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit High B",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis hoch B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit B reports a circuit high fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0920",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Forward Actuator Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltaktuator Vorwärts Stromkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the forward shift actuator that engages forward gears on automated manual or dual-clutch transmissions.",
        "de": "Offener Stromkreis am Vorwärts-Schaltaktuator, der bei automatisierten Schalt- oder Doppelkupplungsgetrieben Vorwärtsgänge einlegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_actuator_forward",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator open winding",
            "de": "Aktuatorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Leitungsunterbrechung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0921",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Forward Actuator Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Gangwahl Vorwärts-Aktuator Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift forward actuator circuit reports a range/performance fault. Forward gear engagement is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Gangwahl-Vorwärts-Aktuators meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Vorwärtsgang-Einrückung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_forward_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator fault",
            "de": "Aktuator-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0922",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Forward Actuator Circuit Low",
        "de": "Gangwahl Vorwärts-Aktuator Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift forward actuator circuit reports a low fault. Forward gear engagement is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Gangwahl-Vorwärts-Aktuators meldet einen Fehler \"niedrig\". Die Vorwärtsgang-Einrückung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_forward_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator fault",
            "de": "Aktuator-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0923",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Forward Actuator Circuit High",
        "de": "Gangwahl Vorwärts-Aktuator Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift forward actuator circuit reports a high fault. Forward gear engagement is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Gangwahl-Vorwärts-Aktuators meldet einen Fehler \"hoch\". Die Vorwärtsgang-Einrückung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_forward_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator fault",
            "de": "Aktuator-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0924",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Reverse Actuator Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Gangwahl Rückwärts-Aktuator Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift reverse actuator reports a circuit/open fault. Reverse gear engagement is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Rückwärts-Aktuator meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Rückwärtsgang-Einrückung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_reverse_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator fault",
            "de": "Aktuator-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0925",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Reverse Actuator Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltaktuator Rückwärts Stromkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the reverse shift actuator on automated manual transmissions.",
        "de": "Offener Stromkreis am Rückwärts-Schaltaktuator bei automatisierten Schaltgetrieben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_actuator_reverse",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator open winding",
            "de": "Aktuatorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Leitungsunterbrechung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0926",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Reverse Actuator Circuit Low",
        "de": "Gangwahl Rückwärts-Aktuator Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift reverse actuator reports a circuit low fault. Reverse gear engagement is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Rückwärts-Aktuator meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Rückwärtsgang-Einrückung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_reverse_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator fault",
            "de": "Aktuator-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0927",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Reverse Actuator Circuit High",
        "de": "Gangwahl Rückwärts-Aktuator Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift reverse actuator reports a circuit high fault. Reverse gear engagement is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Rückwärts-Aktuator meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Rückwärtsgang-Einrückung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_reverse_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator fault",
            "de": "Aktuator-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0928",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Lock Solenoid/Actuator Control Circuit A/Open",
        "de": "Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid/-Aktuator Steuerkreis A offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift lock solenoid/actuator control circuit A reports a control circuit a/open condition. Selector lever interlock cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis A des Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoids/-Aktuators meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis A offen\". Die Wählhebel-Sperre kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_lock_solenoid_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0929",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Lock Solenoid/Actuator Control Circuit A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid/-Aktuator Steuerkreis A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift lock solenoid/actuator control circuit A reports a control circuit a range/performance condition. Selector lever interlock cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis A des Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoids/-Aktuators meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis A Bereich/Leistung\". Die Wählhebel-Sperre kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_lock_solenoid_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slow",
            "de": "Aktuator reagiert langsam"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P092A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Lock Solenoid/Actuator Control Circuit B/Open",
        "de": "Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid/-Aktuator Steuerkreis B offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift lock solenoid/actuator control circuit B reports a control circuit b/open condition. Selector lever interlock cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis B des Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoids/-Aktuators meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis B offen\". Die Wählhebel-Sperre kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_lock_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P092B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Lock Solenoid/Actuator Control Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid/-Aktuator Steuerkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift lock solenoid/actuator control circuit B reports a control circuit b range/performance condition. Selector lever interlock cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis B des Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoids/-Aktuators meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis B Bereich/Leistung\". Die Wählhebel-Sperre kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_lock_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slow",
            "de": "Aktuator reagiert langsam"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P092C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Lock Solenoid/Actuator Control Circuit B Low",
        "de": "Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid/-Aktuator Steuerkreis B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift lock solenoid/actuator control circuit B reports a control circuit b low condition. Selector lever interlock cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis B des Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoids/-Aktuators meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis B niedrig\". Die Wählhebel-Sperre kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_lock_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P092D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Lock Solenoid/Actuator Control Circuit B High",
        "de": "Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid/-Aktuator Steuerkreis B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift lock solenoid/actuator control circuit B reports a control circuit b high condition. Selector lever interlock cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis B des Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoids/-Aktuators meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis B hoch\". Die Wählhebel-Sperre kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_lock_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0930",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Lock Solenoid Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Wählhebelsperr-Magnetventil Stromkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the gear shift lock solenoid which prevents shifting out of Park without brake pedal pressed.",
        "de": "Offener Stromkreis am Wählhebelsperr-Magnetventil, das das Verlassen der Position Park ohne Bremspedalbetätigung verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_shift_interlock"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0931",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Lock Solenoid/Actuator Control Circuit A High",
        "de": "Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid/-Aktuator Steuerkreis A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift lock solenoid/actuator control circuit A reports a control circuit a high condition. Selector lever interlock cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis A des Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoids/-Aktuators meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis A hoch\". Die Wählhebel-Sperre kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_lock_solenoid_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0932",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Hydraulikdruck-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pressure sensor reports a circuit fault. Hydraulic system pressure feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikdruck-Sensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Hydraulik-Druckrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0933",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hydraulikdruck-Sensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pressure sensor reports a range/performance fault. Hydraulic system pressure feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikdruck-Sensor meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Hydraulik-Druckrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0934",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hydraulikdruck-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pressure sensor reports a circuit low fault. Hydraulic system pressure feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikdruck-Sensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Hydraulik-Druckrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0935",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pump Relay Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hydraulikpumpenrelais Stromkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the auxiliary hydraulic pump relay used to maintain transmission line pressure during start-stop or hybrid operation.",
        "de": "Offener Stromkreis am Relais der zusätzlichen Hydraulikpumpe, die bei Start-Stopp- oder Hybridbetrieb den Getriebedruck aufrechterhält."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump_relay",
        "auxiliary_hydraulic_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay coil open",
            "de": "Relaisspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Leitungsunterbrechung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0936",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Hydraulikdruck-Sensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pressure sensor reports a circuit intermittent fault. Hydraulic system pressure feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikdruck-Sensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die Hydraulik-Druckrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0937",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Hydrauliköl-Temperatursensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic oil temperature sensor reports a circuit fault. Oil temperature feedback for hydraulic system is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Hydrauliköl-Temperatursensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Öltemperatur-Rückmeldung des Hydrauliksystems ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_oil_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0938",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hydrauliköl-Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic oil temperature sensor reports a range/performance fault. Oil temperature feedback for hydraulic system is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Hydrauliköl-Temperatursensor meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Öltemperatur-Rückmeldung des Hydrauliksystems ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_oil_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0939",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hydrauliköl-Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic oil temperature sensor reports a circuit low fault. Oil temperature feedback for hydraulic system is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Hydrauliköl-Temperatursensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Öltemperatur-Rückmeldung des Hydrauliksystems ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_oil_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P093A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Accumulator Solenoid Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hydraulik-Akkumulator-Solenoid Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the hydraulic accumulator solenoid is open. Pressure storage charging cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Hydraulik-Akkumulator-Solenoids ist unterbrochen. Die Druckspeicher-Aufladung kann nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_accumulator_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P093B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Accumulator Solenoid Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hydraulik-Akkumulator-Solenoid Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic accumulator solenoid reports a circuit low condition. Pressure storage charging cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Hydraulik-Akkumulator-Solenoid meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Druckspeicher-Aufladung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_accumulator_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P093C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Accumulator Solenoid Circuit High",
        "de": "Hydraulik-Akkumulator-Solenoid Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic accumulator solenoid reports a circuit high condition. Pressure storage charging cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Hydraulik-Akkumulator-Solenoid meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Druckspeicher-Aufladung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_accumulator_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P093D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Accumulator Solenoid Performance",
        "de": "Hydraulik-Akkumulator-Solenoid Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic accumulator solenoid reports a performance condition. Pressure storage charging cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Hydraulik-Akkumulator-Solenoid meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\". Die Druckspeicher-Aufladung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_accumulator_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slower than calibrated",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion langsamer als kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0940",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Hydrauliköl-Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic oil temperature sensor reports a circuit high fault. Oil temperature feedback for hydraulic system is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Hydrauliköl-Temperatursensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Öltemperatur-Rückmeldung des Hydrauliksystems ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_oil_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0941",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Oil Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Hydrauliköl-Temperatursensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic oil temperature sensor reports a circuit intermittent fault. Oil temperature feedback for hydraulic system is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Hydrauliköl-Temperatursensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die Öltemperatur-Rückmeldung des Hydrauliksystems ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_oil_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0942",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pressure Unit",
        "de": "Hydraulik-Druckeinheit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects a generic fault in the hydraulic pressure unit. Pump output, pressure regulation, or accumulator function impaired.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler in der Hydraulik-Druckeinheit. Pumpenleistung, Druckregelung oder Akkumulator-Funktion beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pressure_unit",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pump worn",
            "de": "Hydraulikpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal leakage",
            "de": "Interne Leckage"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0943",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pressure Unit Cycling Period Too Short",
        "de": "Hydraulik-Druckeinheit Zyklusdauer zu kurz"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pressure unit cycles on/off too frequently. Indicates internal leakage or pressure regulation drift.",
        "de": "Die Hydraulik-Druckeinheit schaltet zu häufig ein/aus. Deutet auf interne Leckage oder Drift der Druckregelung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pressure_unit",
        "pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "internal_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic leak",
            "de": "Interne Hydraulik-Leckage"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator drifted",
            "de": "Druckregler driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0944",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pressure Unit Loss of Pressure",
        "de": "Hydraulikdruckeinheit Druckverlust"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects rapid loss of hydraulic pressure in transmission accumulator or main pump circuit.",
        "de": "Das TCM erkennt einen schnellen Druckverlust im Getriebe-Druckspeicher oder Hauptpumpenkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_accumulator",
        "transmission_pump",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "accumulator_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Accumulator leak",
            "de": "Speicherleckage"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_seal_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump seal failed",
            "de": "Pumpendichtung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0945",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pump Relay/Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hydraulikpumpen-Relais/Steuerung Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pump relay/control circuit reports a circuit/open condition. Pump cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikpumpen-Relais/Steuerstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Pumpe kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in relay control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Relais-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0946",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pump Relay/Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hydraulikpumpen-Relais/Steuerung Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pump relay/control circuit reports a circuit range/performance condition. Pump cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikpumpen-Relais/Steuerstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Pumpe kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts aged",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0947",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pump Relay/Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hydraulikpumpen-Relais/Steuerung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pump relay/control circuit reports a circuit low condition. Pump cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikpumpen-Relais/Steuerstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Pumpe kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0948",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pump Relay/Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hydraulikpumpen-Relais/Steuerung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pump relay/control circuit reports a circuit high condition. Pump cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikpumpen-Relais/Steuerstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Pumpe kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0949",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Adaptive Learning Not Complete",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Adaptions-Lernen nicht abgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM has not yet completed adaptive learning for the auto-shift manual mode. Drive style or shift pattern adaptation is still in progress.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät hat das adaptive Lernen für den Auto-Shift-Manual-Modus noch nicht abgeschlossen. Fahrstil- oder Schaltmuster-Adaption läuft noch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "insufficient_drive_cycles",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Insufficient drive cycles for completion",
            "de": "Zu wenige Fahrzyklen für Abschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P094A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pump Driver Performance",
        "de": "Hydraulikpumpe Endstufe Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pump reports a driver performance condition. Pump operation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hydraulikpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Endstufe Verhalten\". Der Pumpenbetrieb ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Endstufen-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P094B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pump Stuck On",
        "de": "Hydraulikpumpe dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pump reports a stuck on condition. Pump operation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hydraulikpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Der Pumpenbetrieb ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump relay contacts welded",
            "de": "Pumpenrelais-Kontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P094C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pump Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hydraulikpumpe Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pump reports a performance/stuck off condition. Pump operation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hydraulikpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Der Pumpenbetrieb ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor seized",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump relay failed",
            "de": "Pumpenrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P094D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pump Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hydraulikpumpe Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pump reports a over temperature condition. Pump operation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hydraulikpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Übertemperatur\". Der Pumpenbetrieb ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained pump load",
            "de": "Anhaltende Pumpen-Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P094E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Pump Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hydraulikpumpe Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydraulic pump reports a supply voltage circuit/open condition. Pump operation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hydraulikpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis offen\". Der Pumpenbetrieb ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0950",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Control Circuit",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auto-shift manual control circuit reports a fault condition. Manual mode shift requests cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Auto-Shift-Manual-Steuer-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis\". Manuelle Modus-Schaltanforderungen können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auto_shift_manual_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact failed",
            "de": "Schalterkontakt defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0951",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auto-shift manual control circuit reports a range/performance condition. Manual mode shift requests cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Auto-Shift-Manual-Steuer-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Manuelle Modus-Schaltanforderungen können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auto_shift_manual_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0952",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auto-shift manual control circuit reports a low condition. Manual mode shift requests cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Auto-Shift-Manual-Steuer-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Manuelle Modus-Schaltanforderungen können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auto_shift_manual_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Schalter geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0953",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auto-shift manual control circuit reports a high condition. Manual mode shift requests cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Auto-Shift-Manual-Steuer-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Manuelle Modus-Schaltanforderungen können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auto_shift_manual_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck open",
            "de": "Schalter offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0954",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Control Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Steuerkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auto-shift manual control circuit reports a intermittent condition. Manual mode shift requests cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Auto-Shift-Manual-Steuer-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis sporadisch\". Manuelle Modus-Schaltanforderungen können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auto_shift_manual_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0955",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Mode Circuit",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Modus-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auto-shift manual mode circuit reports a fault condition. Manual mode shift requests cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Auto-Shift-Manual-Modus-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Modus-Stromkreis\". Manuelle Modus-Schaltanforderungen können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auto_shift_manual_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mode switch failed",
            "de": "Modus-Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0956",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Mode Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Modus-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auto-shift manual mode circuit reports a range/performance condition. Manual mode shift requests cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Auto-Shift-Manual-Modus-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Modus-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Manuelle Modus-Schaltanforderungen können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auto_shift_manual_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0957",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Mode Circuit Low",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Modus-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auto-shift manual mode circuit reports a low condition. Manual mode shift requests cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Auto-Shift-Manual-Modus-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Modus-Stromkreis niedrig\". Manuelle Modus-Schaltanforderungen können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auto_shift_manual_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Schalter geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0958",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Mode Circuit High",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Modus-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auto-shift manual mode circuit reports a high condition. Manual mode shift requests cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Auto-Shift-Manual-Modus-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Modus-Stromkreis hoch\". Manuelle Modus-Schaltanforderungen können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auto_shift_manual_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck open",
            "de": "Schalter offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0959",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Mode Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Modus-Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auto-shift manual mode circuit reports a intermittent condition. Manual mode shift requests cannot be reliably interpreted.",
        "de": "Der Auto-Shift-Manual-Modus-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Modus-Stromkreis sporadisch\". Manuelle Modus-Schaltanforderungen können nicht zuverlässig interpretiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auto_shift_manual_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P095A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit C",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit C reports a circuit fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P095B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit Range/Performance C",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit C reports a circuit range/performance fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P095C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit Low C",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis niedrig C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit C reports a circuit low fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P095D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Position Circuit High C",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Position Stromkreis hoch C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift position circuit C reports a circuit high fault. Gear shift position feedback is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gangwahl-Positions-Stromkreis C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Gangwahl-Positions-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0960",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil A Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit detected on the pressure control solenoid A driver output.",
        "de": "Offener Stromkreis an der Endstufe des Druckregelmagnetventils A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break",
            "de": "Leitungsunterbrechung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0961",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid A Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil A Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pressure control solenoid A does not respond to commanded duty cycle within expected dynamic range, suggesting hydraulic blockage or coil weakness.",
        "de": "Das Druckregelmagnetventil A reagiert nicht im erwarteten Dynamikbereich auf das angeforderte Tastverhältnis, Hinweis auf hydraulische Blockade oder schwache Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_a",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_sluggish",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid sluggish",
            "de": "Magnetventil träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve body contamination",
            "de": "Verschmutzung im Steuergehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0962",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage at pressure control solenoid A driver below threshold, suggesting short to ground.",
        "de": "Spannung an der Endstufe des Druckregelmagnetventils A unter Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0963",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage at pressure control solenoid A driver above threshold, suggesting short to battery or open winding.",
        "de": "Spannung an der Endstufe des Druckregelmagnetventils A über Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to battery",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0964",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil B Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit detected on the pressure control solenoid B driver output.",
        "de": "Offener Stromkreis an der Endstufe des Druckregelmagnetventils B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0965",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid B Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil B Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid B does not perform within expected dynamic limits during commanded actuation.",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil B reagiert bei Ansteuerung nicht innerhalb der erwarteten Dynamik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_b",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_sluggish",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid sluggish",
            "de": "Magnetventil träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0966",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage at pressure control solenoid B driver below threshold.",
        "de": "Spannung an der Endstufe des Druckregelmagnetventils B unter Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0967",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage at pressure control solenoid B driver above threshold.",
        "de": "Spannung an der Endstufe des Druckregelmagnetventils B über Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to battery",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0968",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil C Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on pressure control solenoid C driver output.",
        "de": "Offener Stromkreis an der Endstufe des Druckregelmagnetventils C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0969",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid C Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil C Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid C does not respond within expected dynamic range to commanded duty cycle.",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil C reagiert nicht im erwarteten Dynamikbereich auf das Ansteuersignal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_c",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_sluggish",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid sluggish",
            "de": "Magnetventil träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0970",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid C control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids C liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0971",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid C control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids C liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0972",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid A Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid A Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid A reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0973",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects voltage on shift solenoid A control circuit below threshold, indicating short to ground or driver fault.",
        "de": "TCM erkennt Spannung am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils A unterhalb des Schwellwerts, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Endstufenfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0974",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects voltage on shift solenoid A control circuit above threshold.",
        "de": "TCM erkennt Spannung am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils A über Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to battery",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0975",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid B Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid B Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid B reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0976",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects voltage on shift solenoid B control circuit below threshold, indicating short to ground.",
        "de": "TCM erkennt Spannung am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils B unter Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0977",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects voltage on shift solenoid B control circuit above threshold.",
        "de": "TCM erkennt Spannung am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils B über Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to battery",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0978",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid C Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid C Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid C reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0979",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects voltage on shift solenoid C control circuit below threshold.",
        "de": "TCM erkennt Spannung am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils C unter Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P097A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid A reports a control circuit/open condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P097B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid B reports a control circuit/open condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P097C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid C Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid C reports a control circuit/open condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P097D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid D Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid D Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid D reports a control circuit/open condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P097E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid E Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid E Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid E reports a control circuit/open condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P097F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid F Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid F Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid F reports a control circuit/open condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids F meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0980",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects voltage on shift solenoid C control circuit above threshold.",
        "de": "TCM erkennt Spannung am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils C über Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to battery",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0981",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid D Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid D Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid D reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0982",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid D Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil D Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects voltage on shift solenoid D control circuit below threshold.",
        "de": "TCM erkennt Spannung am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils D unter Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0983",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid D Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil D Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects voltage on shift solenoid D control circuit above threshold.",
        "de": "TCM erkennt Spannung am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils D über Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to battery",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0984",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid E Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid E Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid E reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0985",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid E Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil E Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects voltage on shift solenoid E control circuit below threshold.",
        "de": "TCM erkennt Spannung am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils E unter Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0986",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid E Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltmagnetventil E Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TCM detects voltage on shift solenoid E control circuit above threshold.",
        "de": "TCM erkennt Spannung am Steuerkreis des Schaltmagnetventils E über Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to battery",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0987",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch E Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter E Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch E reports a circuit fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter E meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0988",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch E Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter E Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch E reports a circuit range/performance fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter E meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated fluid affects pressure",
            "de": "Verschäumtes Öl beeinflusst Druck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0989",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch E Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter E Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch E reports a circuit low fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter E meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0990",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch E Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter E Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch E reports a circuit high fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter E meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0991",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch E Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter E Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch E reports a circuit intermittent fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter E meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0992",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch F Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter F Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch F reports a circuit fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter F meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0993",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch F Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter F Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch F reports a circuit range/performance fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter F meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated fluid affects pressure",
            "de": "Verschäumtes Öl beeinflusst Druck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0994",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch F Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter F Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch F reports a circuit low fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter F meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0995",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch F Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter F Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch F reports a circuit high fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter F meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0996",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch F Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter F Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission fluid pressure sensor/switch F reports a circuit intermittent fault. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter F meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die hydraulische Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung ist auf diesem Kanal unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tfp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0997",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid F Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid F Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid F reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids F meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0998",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid F Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid F Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid F reports a control circuit low condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids F meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0999",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid F Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid F Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid F reports a control circuit high condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids F meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P099A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid G Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid G Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid G reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids G meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P099B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid G Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid G Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid G reports a control circuit low condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids G meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P099C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid G Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid G Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid G reports a control circuit high condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids G meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P099D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid H Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid H Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid H reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids H meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P099E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid H Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid H Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid H reports a control circuit low condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids H meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P099F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid H Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid H Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid H reports a control circuit high condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids H meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P09A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid G Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid G Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid G reports a control circuit/open condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids G meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P09A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid H Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid H Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of shift solenoid H reports a control circuit/open condition. Gear element actuation cannot be commanded reliably on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Schaltsolenoids H meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Gangelement auf diesem Kanal kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P09A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit B Circuit",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit B reports a circuit fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann auf diesem Kanal nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P09A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit B reports a range/performance fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis B meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann auf diesem Kanal nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P09A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit B Low",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit B reports a low fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis B meldet einen Fehler \"niedrig\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann auf diesem Kanal nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P09A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit B High",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit B reports a high fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis B meldet einen Fehler \"hoch\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann auf diesem Kanal nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P09A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit C Circuit",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit C reports a circuit fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann auf diesem Kanal nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P09A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit C Range/Performance",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit C reports a range/performance fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis C meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann auf diesem Kanal nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P09A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit C Low",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis C niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit C reports a low fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis C meldet einen Fehler \"niedrig\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann auf diesem Kanal nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P09A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Position Circuit C High",
        "de": "Gassenwahl-Position Stromkreis C hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate select position circuit C reports a high fault. Selector gate position cannot be reliably measured on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Gassenwahl-Positions-Stromkreis C meldet einen Fehler \"hoch\". Die Schaltgassen-Position kann auf diesem Kanal nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A00",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Leistungselektronik Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects an out-of-range signal from the temperature sensor of the inverter/motor electronics coolant loop. This sensor protects power electronics from overheating.",
        "de": "Das Hybridsteuergerät erkennt ein Signal außerhalb des Bereichs vom Temperatursensor des Kühlkreislaufs der Leistungselektronik. Der Sensor schützt die Inverterelektronik vor Überhitzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temperature_sensor",
        "hybrid_inverter",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A01",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Leistungselektronik Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant temperature sensor reading is implausible relative to other thermal models or coolant flow estimates.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kühlmitteltemperatursensors der Leistungselektronik ist im Vergleich zu anderen Thermomodellen oder Durchflussschätzungen unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temperature_sensor",
        "electric_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensordrift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low coolant flow",
            "de": "Geringer Kühlmittelfluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A02",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor Low Input",
        "de": "Leistungselektronik Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Eingang niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage at motor electronics coolant temperature sensor below threshold.",
        "de": "Spannung am Kühlmitteltemperatursensor der Leistungselektronik unter Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A03",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor High Input",
        "de": "Leistungselektronik Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Eingang hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage at motor electronics coolant temperature sensor above threshold.",
        "de": "Spannung am Kühlmitteltemperatursensor der Leistungselektronik über Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor circuit",
            "de": "Sensorkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A04",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant temperature sensor A signal drops out intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground reference.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensors A fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse-Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A05",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump A control circuit reports a control circuit/open condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A06",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump A control circuit reports a control circuit low condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump motor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A07",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump A control circuit reports a control circuit high condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A08",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Status Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Status-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter status feedback circuit reports a generic fault. Converter operating state cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Status-Rückmeldekreis des DC/DC-Wandlers meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Der Betriebszustand des Wandlers kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Status feedback wire fault",
            "de": "Status-Rückmeldeleitung-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "converter_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Converter status output fault",
            "de": "Wandler-Status-Ausgang-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A09",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Status Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Statussignal-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects an electrical fault on the DC/DC converter status feedback line. This converter steps high-voltage battery output down to 12 V for the auxiliary system.",
        "de": "Das Hybridsteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Rückmeldekreis des DC/DC-Wandlers. Dieser Wandler reduziert die Hochvoltspannung auf 12 V für das Bordnetz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_dc_converter",
        "high_voltage_battery",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "converter_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DC/DC converter internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im DC/DC-Wandler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_loss",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication loss with converter",
            "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Wandler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A0A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem Interlock-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid system detects loss of high-voltage interlock continuity. The interlock loop is a safety feature that disables HV power if any service connector is opened.",
        "de": "Das Hybridsystem erkennt einen Unterbruch der Hochvolt-Interlock-Schleife. Die Interlock-Schaltung ist eine Sicherheitsfunktion, die HV abschaltet, wenn ein Servicestecker geöffnet wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_interlock_loop",
        "hv_service_connector",
        "hv_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Service connector loose or damaged",
            "de": "Servicestecker locker oder beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hv_cable_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV cable damaged",
            "de": "Hochvoltkabel beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_safety"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A0B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit A Performance",
        "de": "Hochvolt-System-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage system interlock circuit A reports a performance condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Hochvolt-System-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis A meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette ist möglicherweise beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_interlock_circuit_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "interlock_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock signal drifted",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Signal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in interlock chain",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt in der Verriegelungskette"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A0C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem Interlock-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV interlock signal is below threshold, indicating broken loop or short to ground.",
        "de": "Das HV-Interlock-Signal liegt unter Schwellwert, Hinweis auf unterbrochene Schleife oder Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_interlock_loop",
        "hv_service_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loop_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop broken",
            "de": "Interlock-Schleife unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_safety"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A0D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem Interlock-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV interlock signal voltage is above threshold, indicating short to battery or unexpected continuity loss.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des HV-Interlock-Signals liegt über Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Plus oder unerwartetem Verlust der Durchgängigkeit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_interlock_loop",
        "hv_service_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to battery on interlock",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus auf Interlock"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_safety"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A0E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit A Intermittent",
        "de": "Hochvolt-System-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis A sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage system interlock circuit A reports a intermittent condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Hochvolt-System-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis A meldet einen Zustand \"sporadisch\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette ist möglicherweise beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_interlock_circuit_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock connector not seated",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A0F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Engine Failed to Start",
        "de": "Hybrid Motor startet nicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control system commanded an internal combustion engine start that did not complete within the expected time. Causes range from low 12V supply to fuel, ignition or starter issues.",
        "de": "Die Hybridsteuerung hat einen Start des Verbrennungsmotors angefordert, der nicht innerhalb der erwarteten Zeit erfolgte. Ursachen reichen von schwacher 12V-Versorgung bis zu Kraftstoff-, Zünd- oder Anlasserproblemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_control_module",
        "engine_starter",
        "hv_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_12v_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak 12V auxiliary battery",
            "de": "Schwache 12V-Bordnetzbatterie"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "starter_or_ignition_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Starter or ignition system fault",
            "de": "Anlasser- oder Zündungsfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hv_battery_state_low",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV battery state of charge insufficient",
            "de": "HV-Batterie zu wenig geladen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0A1F",
        "P0A7F",
        "P0A80"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A10",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Voltage Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batterie Spannungserfassung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery management system detects a fault in the high-voltage battery pack voltage sense circuit, used to monitor module-level voltages.",
        "de": "Das Batteriemanagementsystem erkennt einen Fehler im Spannungserfassungskreis des HV-Batteriepacks, der zur Überwachung der Modulspannungen dient."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_management_system",
        "hv_battery",
        "voltage_sense_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bms_sense_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS sense circuit failure",
            "de": "BMS-Sensorkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell module imbalance",
            "de": "Zellmodul unsymmetrisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A11",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Enable Circuit/Open",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Aktivierungs-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter enable circuit reports a enable circuit/open condition. Converter cannot be commanded to start reliably.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis des DC/DC-Wandlers meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis offen\". Der Wandler kann nicht zuverlässig zum Starten angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_enable_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in enable wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktivierungs-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Enable switch failed",
            "de": "Aktivierungs-Schalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A12",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Communication",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Kommunikation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module loses CAN bus communication with the DC/DC converter for longer than the fault threshold.",
        "de": "Das Hybridsteuergerät verliert CAN-Kommunikation zum DC/DC-Wandler länger als der Fehlerschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_dc_converter",
        "can_bus",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN bus fault",
            "de": "CAN-Bus-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "converter_offline",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Converter unpowered or offline",
            "de": "Wandler nicht versorgt oder offline"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A13",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Enable Circuit High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Aktivierungs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter enable circuit reports a enable circuit high condition. Converter cannot be commanded to start reliably.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis des DC/DC-Wandlers meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis hoch\". Der Wandler kann nicht zuverlässig zum Starten angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_enable_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pull_down_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A14",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Mount A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motorlager A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active engine mount A control circuit reports a control circuit/open condition. Vibration damping cannot be modulated.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des aktiven Motorlagers A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Vibrationsdämpfung kann nicht moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_mount_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in mount control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Lager-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open mount actuator",
            "de": "Offener Lager-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A15",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Mount A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorlager A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active engine mount A control circuit reports a control circuit low condition. Vibration damping cannot be modulated.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des aktiven Motorlagers A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Vibrationsdämpfung kann nicht moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_mount_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator internal short",
            "de": "Aktuator intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A16",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Mount A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorlager A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active engine mount A control circuit reports a control circuit high condition. Vibration damping cannot be modulated.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des aktiven Motorlagers A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Vibrationsdämpfung kann nicht moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_mount_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator",
            "de": "Offener Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A17",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Torque Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Motor-Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor torque sensor reports a circuit fault. Motor torque feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Antriebsmotor-Drehmomentsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Motor-Drehmomentrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_torque_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque sensor failed",
            "de": "Drehmomentsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A18",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Torque Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor torque sensor reports a circuit range/performance fault. Motor torque feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Antriebsmotor-Drehmomentsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Motor-Drehmomentrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_torque_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque sensor failed",
            "de": "Drehmomentsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A19",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Torque Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor torque sensor reports a circuit low fault. Motor torque feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Antriebsmotor-Drehmomentsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Motor-Drehmomentrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_torque_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque sensor failed",
            "de": "Drehmomentsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A1A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Control Module",
        "de": "Generator-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator control module reports a generic fault. Internal self-tests fail or response time outside calibration.",
        "de": "Das Generator-Steuermodul meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die Reaktionszeit liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication degraded",
            "de": "Kommunikation verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A1B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Steuermodul Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor a control module reports a generic fault. Internal self-tests fail or response time outside calibration.",
        "de": "Das Antriebsmotor A Steuermodul Verhalten meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die Reaktionszeit liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication degraded",
            "de": "Kommunikation verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A1C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor controller detects an electrical fault on the phase U current sensor of drive motor A. Phase current sensing is required for vector control of the synchronous machine.",
        "de": "Der Motorcontroller erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Phase-U-Stromsensor des Antriebsmotors A. Die Phasenstromerfassung ist Voraussetzung für die feldorientierte Regelung der Synchronmaschine."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "phase_current_sensor",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "inverter_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inverter internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Inverterfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_control_(motor)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A1D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Powertrain Control Module A",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Antriebsstrang-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid/ev powertrain control module a reports a generic fault. Internal self-tests fail or response time outside calibration.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid/EV-Antriebsstrang-Steuermodul A meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die Reaktionszeit liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_powertrain_cm_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication degraded",
            "de": "Kommunikation verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A1E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Control Module",
        "de": "Starter/Generator-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The starter/generator control module reports a generic fault. Internal self-tests fail or response time outside calibration.",
        "de": "Das Starter/Generator-Steuermodul meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die Reaktionszeit liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication degraded",
            "de": "Kommunikation verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A1F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Energy Control Module",
        "de": "Batterie-Energie-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A generic fault is reported by the battery energy control module of a hybrid or electric vehicle. The module manages charge balancing, temperature and contactor logic for the high-voltage battery.",
        "de": "Ein allgemeiner Fehler wird vom Batterie-Energie-Steuermodul eines Hybrid- oder Elektrofahrzeugs gemeldet. Das Modul verwaltet Ladungsausgleich, Temperatur und Schützlogik der Hochvoltbatterie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_energy_control_module",
        "hv_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "becm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BECM internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im BECM"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "becm_communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication with BECM lost",
            "de": "Kommunikation mit BECM verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0A0F",
        "P0A7F",
        "P0A80"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A20",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Torque Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor torque sensor reports a circuit high fault.",
        "de": "Der Antriebsmotor-Drehmomentsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_torque_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A21",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Torque Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Motor-Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor torque sensor reports a circuit intermittent fault.",
        "de": "Der Antriebsmotor-Drehmomentsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_torque_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A22",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Torque Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator torque sensor reports a circuit fault. Generator torque feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Drehmomentsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Generator-Drehmomentrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_torque_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque sensor failed",
            "de": "Drehmomentsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A23",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Torque Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator-Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator torque sensor reports a circuit range/performance fault. Generator torque feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Drehmomentsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Generator-Drehmomentrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_torque_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque sensor failed",
            "de": "Drehmomentsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A24",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Torque Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator torque sensor reports a circuit low fault. Generator torque feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Drehmomentsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Generator-Drehmomentrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_torque_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque sensor failed",
            "de": "Drehmomentsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A25",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Torque Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator torque sensor reports a circuit high fault. Generator torque feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Drehmomentsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Generator-Drehmomentrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_torque_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque sensor failed",
            "de": "Drehmomentsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A26",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Torque Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Generator-Drehmomentsensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator torque sensor reports a circuit intermittent fault. Generator torque feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Drehmomentsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die Generator-Drehmomentrückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_torque_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque sensor failed",
            "de": "Drehmomentsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A27",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Power Off Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Abschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery power-off control circuit reports a generic fault. Safe disconnection of the HV system cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Abschalt-Steuerkreis der Hybrid-Batterie meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die sichere Trennung des HV-Systems kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_power_off_circuit",
        "main_contactors",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power-off wiring fault",
            "de": "Abschaltleitung-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contactor_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Main contactor fault",
            "de": "Hauptschütz-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A28",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Power Off Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Abschaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the hybrid battery power-off circuit is low the expected window. Safe HV disconnect signal compromised.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Abschaltkreis der Hybrid-Batterie liegt niedrig dem erwarteten Bereich. Das Signal zur sicheren HV-Trennung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_power_off_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A29",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Power Off Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Abschaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the hybrid battery power-off circuit is high the expected window. Safe HV disconnect signal compromised.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Abschaltkreis der Hybrid-Batterie liegt hoch dem erwarteten Bereich. Das Signal zur sicheren HV-Trennung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_power_off_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pull_down_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A2A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on the temperature sensor inside drive motor A windings. The sensor is used to derate motor torque when winding temperature approaches the insulation limit.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor in den Wicklungen des Antriebsmotors A. Der Sensor dient zur Drehmomentreduktion, wenn die Wicklungstemperatur die Isolationsgrenze erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "motor_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A2B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A temperature sensor signal is implausible relative to inverter losses and operating point.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Temperatursensors am Antriebsmotor A ist im Vergleich zu Inverterverlusten und Betriebspunkt unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "motor_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensordrift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A2C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage at motor A temperature sensor below threshold, suggesting short to ground.",
        "de": "Spannung am Temperatursensor des Motors A unter Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "motor_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A2D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage at motor A temperature sensor above threshold, suggesting open circuit.",
        "de": "Spannung am Temperatursensor des Motors A über Schwellwert, Hinweis auf offenen Stromkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "motor_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor circuit",
            "de": "Sensorkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A2E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor A Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A temperature sensor A signal drops out intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground reference.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Temperatursensors A des Antriebsmotors A fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse-Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A2F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Over Temperature",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive motor A reports temperature above the safe operating threshold. Sustained high load, cooling failure, or thermistor drift.",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A meldet Temperatur über der sicheren Betriebsschwelle. Anhaltend hohe Last, Kühlungsausfall oder Thermistor-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_a",
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor cooling system failure",
            "de": "Motor-Kühlsystem-Ausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sustained_high_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high motor load",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Motor-Last"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A30",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Temperatursensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor b temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor B Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A31",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Temperatursensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the drive motor b temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor B Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A32",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the drive motor b temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor B Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A33",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the drive motor b temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Antriebsmotor B Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A34",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Temperatursensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent fault on the drive motor b temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\" am Antriebsmotor B Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A35",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Over Temperature",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive motor B reports temperature above the safe operating threshold.",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B meldet Temperatur über der sicheren Betriebsschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b",
        "drive_motor_b_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor cooling system failure",
            "de": "Motor-Kühlsystem-Ausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sustained_high_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high motor load",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Motor-Last"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A36",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Temperatursensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the generator temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Generator-Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A37",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator-Temperatursensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the generator temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Generator-Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A38",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the generator temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Generator-Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A39",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the generator temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Generator-Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A3A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Generator-Temperatursensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent fault on the generator temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\" am Generator-Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A3B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator A Over Temperature",
        "de": "Generator A Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generator A reports temperature above the safe operating threshold.",
        "de": "Generator A meldet Temperatur über der sicheren Betriebsschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_a",
        "generator_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Generator cooling failure",
            "de": "Generator-Kühlung-Ausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sustained_high_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high generator load",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Generator-Last"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A3C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Inverter Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inverter for drive motor A does not produce expected output torque or commutation timing within tolerance, indicating IGBT or gate driver issue.",
        "de": "Der Inverter für Antriebsmotor A liefert das erwartete Drehmoment oder die Kommutierungszeit nicht innerhalb der Toleranz, Hinweis auf IGBT- oder Gate-Treiber-Problem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "inverter",
        "drive_motor_a",
        "igbt_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "igbt_degradation",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "IGBT degradation",
            "de": "IGBT-Verschleiß"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "gate_driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gate driver fault",
            "de": "Gate-Treiber-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          1500,
          6000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A3D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Over Temperature",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B inverter reports junction temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained high load or cooling failure.",
        "de": "Der Wechselrichter des Antriebsmotors B meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hohe Last oder Kühlungsausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inverter cooling failure",
            "de": "Wechselrichter-Kühlung-Ausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high inverter load",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Wechselrichter-Last"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A3E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Over Temperature",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator inverter reports junction temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained high load or cooling failure.",
        "de": "Der Wechselrichter des Generators meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hohe Last oder Kühlungsausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inverter cooling failure",
            "de": "Wechselrichter-Kühlung-Ausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high inverter load",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Wechselrichter-Last"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A3F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A rotor position sensor reports a circuit fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A40",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Lagesensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on the resolver or encoder used to determine rotor position of drive motor A. Position is essential for vector control commutation.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Resolver oder Encoder zur Erfassung der Rotorlage des Antriebsmotors A. Die Position ist für die feldorientierte Kommutierung erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "rotor_position_sensor",
        "resolver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "resolver_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Resolver failed",
            "de": "Resolver defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_shielding",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Resolver wiring shielding fault",
            "de": "Schirmungsfehler in Resolverleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolver_(electrical)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A41",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Lagesensor Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A rotor position signal is implausible relative to motor speed and torque commands, indicating drift or alignment fault.",
        "de": "Das Lagesignal des Rotors von Antriebsmotor A ist im Vergleich zu Drehzahl und Drehmomentbefehl unplausibel, Hinweis auf Drift oder Justagefehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "rotor_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "resolver_alignment",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Resolver alignment off",
            "de": "Resolverjustage falsch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolver_(electrical)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A42",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A rotor position sensor reports a circuit high fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A43",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A rotor position sensor reports a circuit intermittent fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A44",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit Overspeed",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A rotor position sensor reports a circuit overspeed fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Überdrehzahl\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rotor_position_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor position out of expected range",
            "de": "Rotorlage außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_signal_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position signal lost - default to overspeed indication",
            "de": "Positionssignal verloren - Default auf Überdrehzahl-Meldung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A45",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B rotor position sensor reports a circuit fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A46",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B rotor position sensor reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A47",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B rotor position sensor reports a circuit low fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A48",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B rotor position sensor reports a circuit high fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A49",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B rotor position sensor reports a circuit intermittent fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A4A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit Overspeed",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B rotor position sensor reports a circuit overspeed fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Überdrehzahl\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rotor_position_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor position out of expected range",
            "de": "Rotorlage außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_signal_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position signal lost - default to overspeed indication",
            "de": "Positionssignal verloren - Default auf Überdrehzahl-Meldung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A4B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator rotor position sensor reports a circuit fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A4C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator rotor position sensor reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A4D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator rotor position sensor reports a circuit low fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A4E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator rotor position sensor reports a circuit high fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A4F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator rotor position sensor reports a circuit intermittent fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A50",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit Overspeed",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator rotor position sensor reports a circuit overspeed fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Rotorlage-Sensor des Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Überdrehzahl\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rotor_position_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor position out of expected range",
            "de": "Rotorlage außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_signal_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position signal lost - default to overspeed indication",
            "de": "Positionssignal verloren - Default auf Überdrehzahl-Meldung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A51",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the drive motor A reports a circuit fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A52",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the drive motor A reports a circuit range/performance fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset from nearby parts",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz durch nahe Teile"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A53",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the drive motor A reports a circuit low fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A54",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the drive motor A reports a circuit high fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A55",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the drive motor B reports a circuit fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A56",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the drive motor B reports a circuit range/performance fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset from nearby parts",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz durch nahe Teile"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A57",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the drive motor B reports a circuit low fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A58",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the drive motor B reports a circuit high fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A59",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the generator reports a circuit fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A5A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator-Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the generator reports a circuit range/performance fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset from nearby parts",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz durch nahe Teile"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A5B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the generator reports a circuit low fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A5C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor of the generator reports a circuit high fault. Current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor des Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A5D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor a phase U current measurement reports a generic fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Die Phase-U-Strommessung des Antriebsmotors meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A5E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U Current Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase U current of the drive motor a is below the expected window. Indicates open winding or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Antriebsmotors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A5F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase U current of the drive motor a exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short or stalled rotor.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Antriebsmotors überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss oder blockierten Rotor hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A60",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase V Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase V Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor a phase V current measurement reports a generic fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Die Phase-V-Strommessung des Antriebsmotors meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A61",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase V Current Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase V Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase V current of the drive motor a is below the expected window. Indicates open winding or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Antriebsmotors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A62",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase V Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase V Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase V current of the drive motor a exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short or stalled rotor.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Antriebsmotors überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss oder blockierten Rotor hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A63",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase W Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase W Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor a phase W current measurement reports a generic fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Die Phase-W-Strommessung des Antriebsmotors meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A64",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase W Current Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase W Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase W current of the drive motor a is below the expected window. Indicates open winding or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Antriebsmotors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A65",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase W Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase W Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase W current of the drive motor a exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short or stalled rotor.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Antriebsmotors überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss oder blockierten Rotor hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A66",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor b phase U current measurement reports a generic fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Die Phase-U-Strommessung des Antriebsmotors meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A67",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U Current Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase U current of the drive motor b is below the expected window. Indicates open winding or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Antriebsmotors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A68",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase U current of the drive motor b exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short or stalled rotor.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Antriebsmotors überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss oder blockierten Rotor hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A69",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase V Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase V Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor b phase V current measurement reports a generic fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Die Phase-V-Strommessung des Antriebsmotors meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A6A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase V Current Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase V Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase V current of the drive motor b is below the expected window. Indicates open winding or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Antriebsmotors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A6B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase V Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase V Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase V current of the drive motor b exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short or stalled rotor.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Antriebsmotors überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss oder blockierten Rotor hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A6C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase W Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase W Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor b phase W current measurement reports a generic fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Die Phase-W-Strommessung des Antriebsmotors meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A6D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase W Current Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase W Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase W current of the drive motor b is below the expected window. Indicates open winding or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Antriebsmotors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A6E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase W Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase W Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase W current of the drive motor b exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short or stalled rotor.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Antriebsmotors überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss oder blockierten Rotor hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A6F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U Current",
        "de": "Generator Phase U Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase U current measurement reports a generic fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Die Phase-U-Strommessung des Generators meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A70",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U Current Low",
        "de": "Generator Phase U Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase U current of the generator is below the expected window. Indicates open winding or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Generators liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A71",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U Current High",
        "de": "Generator Phase U Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase U current of the generator exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short or stalled rotor.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Generators überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss oder blockierten Rotor hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A72",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase V Current",
        "de": "Generator Phase V Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase V current measurement reports a generic fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Die Phase-V-Strommessung des Generators meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A73",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase V Current Low",
        "de": "Generator Phase V Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase V current of the generator is below the expected window. Indicates open winding or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Generators liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A74",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase V Current High",
        "de": "Generator Phase V Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase V current of the generator exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short or stalled rotor.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Generators überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss oder blockierten Rotor hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A75",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase W Current",
        "de": "Generator Phase W Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase W current measurement reports a generic fault. Phase commutation cannot be controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Die Phase-W-Strommessung des Generators meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A76",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase W Current Low",
        "de": "Generator Phase W Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase W current of the generator is below the expected window. Indicates open winding or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Generators liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A77",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase W Current High",
        "de": "Generator Phase W Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase W current of the generator exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short or stalled rotor.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Generators überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss oder blockierten Rotor hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A78",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Inverter Funktion (Performance)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A inverter does not deliver commanded torque within tolerance under load, indicating thermal limit or partial IGBT failure.",
        "de": "Der Inverter des Antriebsmotors A liefert unter Last das angeforderte Drehmoment nicht innerhalb der Toleranz, Hinweis auf Temperaturgrenze oder teilausgefallenes IGBT-Modul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "inverter",
        "drive_motor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermal_derating",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal derating active",
            "de": "Temperaturreduktion aktiv"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "igbt_partial_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial IGBT failure",
            "de": "Teilausfall IGBT"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          1500,
          6000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A79",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B inverter does not deliver the expected power conversion. Switching loss elevated, gate driver fault, or capacitor degraded.",
        "de": "Der Wechselrichter des Antriebsmotors B liefert nicht die erwartete Leistungsumwandlung. Erhöhte Schaltverluste, Gate-Treiber-Fehler oder degradierter Kondensator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "igbt_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "IGBT switching characteristic degraded",
            "de": "IGBT-Schaltverhalten verschlechtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dc_link_cap_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "DC-link capacitor aged",
            "de": "DC-Link-Kondensator gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A7A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Pack Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batteriepack Verschleiß"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery management system detects that the high-voltage battery pack capacity has fallen below acceptable threshold based on charge/discharge tests and impedance measurement.",
        "de": "Das Batteriemanagementsystem erkennt, dass die Kapazität des HV-Batteriepacks unter den Schwellwert gefallen ist, ermittelt aus Lade-/Entladetests und Impedanzmessung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "battery_management_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery aged or damaged cells",
            "de": "Batterie gealtert oder beschädigte Zellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent cell imbalance",
            "de": "Anhaltende Zellunsymmetrie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          2000,
          12000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A7B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Pack State of Charge Low",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batteriepack Ladezustand niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery management system detects state of charge below the operating threshold for too long, preventing hybrid drive operation.",
        "de": "Das Batteriemanagementsystem erkennt einen zu langen Zeitraum mit Ladezustand unterhalb der Betriebsschwelle, was den Hybridbetrieb verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "battery_management_system",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system fault",
            "de": "Ladesystemfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "parasitic_drain",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Parasitic drain on HV side",
            "de": "Ruhestromverlust auf HV-Seite"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_charge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A7C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Over Temperature",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics package reports junction temperature above the protection threshold. Cooling failure or sustained high power demand.",
        "de": "Das Motor-Elektronik-Paket meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Kühlungsausfall oder anhaltend hohe Leistungsanforderung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics",
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor electronics cooling failure",
            "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlung-Ausfall"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high power output",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Leistungsabgabe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A7D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Pack Low Voltage",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batteriepack Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HV pack voltage falls below operating minimum during normal load, suggesting deeply discharged or damaged cell modules.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des HV-Packs unterschreitet im Normalbetrieb die Betriebsmindestspannung, Hinweis auf tief entladene oder beschädigte Zellmodule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "battery_management_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deep_discharge",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deep discharge of pack",
            "de": "Tiefentladung des Packs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_module_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell module failure",
            "de": "Zellmodulausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A7E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Pack Overtemperature",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batteriepack Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "BMS detects HV pack temperature above the safe operating limit, triggering thermal protection mode and limiting charge/discharge.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine Temperatur des HV-Packs oberhalb der sicheren Betriebsgrenze, aktiviert thermischen Schutzmodus und begrenzt Lade-/Entladeleistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "battery_cooling_fan",
        "battery_management_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling fan or pump failure",
            "de": "Ausfall Kühlerlüfter oder Kühlmittelpumpe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Extreme ambient temperature",
            "de": "Extrem hohe Umgebungstemperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A7F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Pack Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybridbatterie Verschleiß"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery pack capacity or internal resistance has degraded beyond the diagnostic threshold. Performance and fuel economy fall as the pack ages.",
        "de": "Kapazität oder Innenwiderstand der Hybridbatterie haben sich über den Diagnoseschwellwert hinaus verschlechtert. Leistung und Verbrauch leiden mit zunehmendem Alter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "battery_energy_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hv_battery_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery pack aged",
            "de": "Batterie gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hv_cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance in pack",
            "de": "Zellungleichgewicht im Pack"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          1500,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0A0F",
        "P0A1F",
        "P0A80"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A80",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Replace Hybrid Battery Pack",
        "de": "Hybridbatterie ersetzen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery management system has determined that the battery pack must be replaced. Often set after persistent cell imbalance, capacity loss or repeated thermal events.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Batteriemanagement hat festgestellt, dass das Batteriepaket ersetzt werden muss. Wird oft nach anhaltendem Zellungleichgewicht, Kapazitätsverlust oder wiederholten Temperaturereignissen gesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "battery_energy_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hv_battery_replacement_required",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery pack replacement required",
            "de": "Austausch des Batteriepakets erforderlich"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hv_cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent cell imbalance",
            "de": "Anhaltendes Zellungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          2000,
          12000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0A0F",
        "P0A1F",
        "P0A7F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A81",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Pack Cooling Fan 1 Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batteriepack Kühlerlüfter 1 Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "BMS detects that the battery pack cooling fan 1 does not produce expected airflow or speed, leading to insufficient cooling under load.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass Kühlerlüfter 1 nicht den erwarteten Luftstrom oder die erwartete Drehzahl liefert, was zu unzureichender Kühlung unter Last führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_cooling_fan",
        "fan_motor",
        "air_duct"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fan_motor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor worn",
            "de": "Lüftermotor verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "duct_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling duct blocked",
            "de": "Kühlluftkanal blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A82",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Pack Cooling Fan 1 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batteriepack Kühlerlüfter 1 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on cooling fan 1 control circuit is below threshold, indicating short to ground or driver fault.",
        "de": "Spannung im Steuerkreis des Kühlerlüfters 1 unter Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Endstufenfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_cooling_fan",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A83",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Pack Cooling Fan 1 Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batteriepack Kühlerlüfter 1 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on cooling fan 1 control circuit is above threshold, indicating short to battery or open circuit.",
        "de": "Spannung im Steuerkreis des Kühlerlüfters 1 über Schwellwert, Hinweis auf Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offenen Stromkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_cooling_fan",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to battery",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A84",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batteriepack Kühlerlüfter 2 Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 2 of the HV battery does not deliver expected performance under thermal load.",
        "de": "Kühlerlüfter 2 der HV-Batterie liefert unter thermischer Last die erwartete Leistung nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_cooling_fan_2",
        "fan_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fan_motor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor worn",
            "de": "Lüftermotor verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A85",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 1 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 1 Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the HV battery pack cooling fan 1 control circuit is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or driver open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Steuerkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 1 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder Endstufe offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_cooling_fan_1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fan_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open fan motor",
            "de": "Offener Lüftermotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A86",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor A of the 14V DC/DC converter module reports a circuit fault. 12V system current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor A des 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermoduls meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die 12V-System-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A87",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor A of the 14V DC/DC converter module reports a circuit range/performance fault. 12V system current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor A des 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermoduls meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die 12V-System-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A88",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor A of the 14V DC/DC converter module reports a circuit low fault. 12V system current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor A des 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermoduls meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die 12V-System-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A89",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor A of the 14V DC/DC converter module reports a circuit high fault. 12V system current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor A des 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermoduls meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die 12V-System-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A8A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor A Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor A of the 14V DC/DC converter module reports a circuit intermittent fault. 12V system current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor A des 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermoduls meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die 12V-System-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A8B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module System Voltage",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Systemspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 14V DC/DC converter module reports a \"system voltage\" condition. 12V vehicle electrical supply may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermodul meldet einen Zustand \"Systemspannung\". Die 12V-Bordnetz-Versorgung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_module",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A8C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module System Voltage Unstable",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Systemspannung instabil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 14V DC/DC converter module reports a \"system voltage unstable\" condition. 12V vehicle electrical supply may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermodul meldet einen Zustand \"Systemspannung instabil\". Die 12V-Bordnetz-Versorgung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_module",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulation_unstable",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage regulation unstable",
            "de": "Spannungsregelung instabil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_oscillation",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load oscillation",
            "de": "Last-Oszillation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A8D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module System Voltage Low",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Systemspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 14V DC/DC converter module reports a \"system voltage low\" condition. 12V vehicle electrical supply may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermodul meldet einen Zustand \"Systemspannung niedrig\". Die 12V-Bordnetz-Versorgung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_module",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_too_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load exceeds module capacity",
            "de": "Last übersteigt Modul-Kapazität"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output regulator low",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Regler zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A8E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module System Voltage High",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Systemspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 14V DC/DC converter module reports a \"system voltage high\" condition. 12V vehicle electrical supply may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermodul meldet einen Zustand \"Systemspannung hoch\". Die 12V-Bordnetz-Versorgung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_module",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output regulator overshoots",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Regler überschwingt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage feedback lost",
            "de": "Spannungs-Rückmeldung verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A8F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module System Performance",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul System-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 14V DC/DC converter module reports a \"system performance\" condition. 12V vehicle electrical supply may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermodul meldet einen Zustand \"System-Verhalten\". Die 12V-Bordnetz-Versorgung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_module",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Modul-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal drift outside calibration",
            "de": "Thermische Drift außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A90",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A does not deliver the expected torque or efficiency. Phase imbalance, magnet weakness, or bearing wear.",
        "de": "Der Antriebsmotor A liefert nicht das erwartete Drehmoment oder die erwartete Effizienz. Phasen-Unsymmetrie, Magnet-Schwäche oder Lagerverschleiß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current imbalance",
            "de": "Phasenstrom-Unsymmetrie"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnet_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnet flux degraded",
            "de": "Magnetfluss nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A91",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B does not deliver the expected torque or efficiency. Phase imbalance, magnet weakness, or bearing wear.",
        "de": "Der Antriebsmotor B liefert nicht das erwartete Drehmoment oder die erwartete Effizienz. Phasen-Unsymmetrie, Magnet-Schwäche oder Lagerverschleiß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current imbalance",
            "de": "Phasenstrom-Unsymmetrie"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnet_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnet flux degraded",
            "de": "Magnetfluss nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A92",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Generator Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid-Generator Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid generator does not deliver the expected torque or efficiency. Phase imbalance, magnet weakness, or bearing wear.",
        "de": "Der Hybrid-Generator liefert nicht das erwartete Drehmoment oder die erwartete Effizienz. Phasen-Unsymmetrie, Magnet-Schwäche oder Lagerverschleiß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_generator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current imbalance",
            "de": "Phasenstrom-Unsymmetrie"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnet_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnet flux degraded",
            "de": "Magnetfluss nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A93",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Inverter A Cooling System Performance",
        "de": "Inverter A Kühlsystem Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects insufficient cooling performance for inverter A, where coolant temperature rise per power dissipation exceeds expected value.",
        "de": "Das Hybridsteuergerät erkennt unzureichende Kühlleistung für Inverter A, wenn der Temperaturanstieg pro Verlustleistung über dem Erwartungswert liegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_inverter",
        "electric_coolant_pump",
        "coolant_radiator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant pump weak",
            "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_coolant",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low coolant level",
            "de": "Niedriger Kühlmittelstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A94",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter does not deliver commanded 12 V output current within tolerance, indicating internal degradation.",
        "de": "Der DC/DC-Wandler liefert den angeforderten 12-V-Ausgangsstrom nicht innerhalb der Toleranz, Hinweis auf interne Alterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_dc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "converter_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Converter aged",
            "de": "Wandler gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A95",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage Fuse",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Sicherung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "BMS detects open high-voltage fuse, typically tripped by overcurrent event between battery and inverter or charger.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine offene Hochvolt-Sicherung, meist ausgelöst durch Überstrom zwischen Batterie und Inverter oder Lader."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_fuse",
        "hv_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "overcurrent_event",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Overcurrent event",
            "de": "Überstromereignis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuse_(electrical)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A96",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 2 reports a control circuit/open condition. Battery thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_cooling_fan_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in fan control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Lüfter-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open fan motor",
            "de": "Offener Lüftermotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A97",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 2 reports a performance/stuck off condition. Battery thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_cooling_fan_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized",
            "de": "Lüftermotor festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay failed",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A98",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 2 reports a stuck on condition. Battery thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_cooling_fan_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts welded",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A99",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 2 reports a control circuit low condition. Battery thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_cooling_fan_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal motor short",
            "de": "Interner Motor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A9A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 2 reports a control circuit high condition. Battery thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_cooling_fan_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor",
            "de": "Offener Motor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A9B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A9C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A9D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A9E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0A9F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AA0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Positive Contactor Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Positiv-Schütz Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery positive contactor circuit reports a generic fault. Main HV power path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des HV-Batterie-Positiv-Schützes meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Der HV-Hauptstrompfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_positive_contactor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failed",
            "de": "Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AA1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Positive Contactor Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batterie Plus-Schütz Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "BMS detects an electrical fault in the positive HV contactor coil circuit. The contactor connects the battery positive terminal to the high-voltage bus.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Steuerkreis des Plus-HV-Schützes, das den Pluspol der Batterie mit dem Hochvolt-Bus verbindet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_contactor_positive",
        "bms",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil open",
            "de": "Schützspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AA2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Positive Contactor Circuit Stuck Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Positiv-Schütz Stromkreis offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery positive contactor is stuck in the open position. Charging or discharging the HV bus is not possible.",
        "de": "Das Positiv-Schütz der HV-Batterie sitzt in der offenen Position fest. Laden oder Entladen des HV-Busses ist nicht möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_positive_contactor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor mechanically failed",
            "de": "Schütz mechanisch defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burnt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil burnt out",
            "de": "Schützspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AA3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Negative Contactor Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Negativ-Schütz Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery negative contactor circuit reports a generic fault. HV system grounding cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Negativ-Schützes der HV-Batterie meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die HV-System-Erdung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_negative_contactor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failed",
            "de": "Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AA4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Negative Contactor Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batterie Minus-Schütz Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "BMS detects an electrical fault in the negative HV contactor coil circuit.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Steuerkreis des Minus-HV-Schützes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_contactor_negative",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil open",
            "de": "Schützspule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AA5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Negative Contactor Circuit Stuck Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Negativ-Schütz Stromkreis offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery negative contactor is stuck open. HV system cannot establish a complete circuit.",
        "de": "Das Negativ-Schütz der HV-Batterie sitzt offen festsitzend. Das HV-System kann keinen vollständigen Stromkreis aufbauen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_negative_contactor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor mechanically failed",
            "de": "Schütz mechanisch defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burnt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil burnt out",
            "de": "Schützspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AA6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Voltage System Isolation Fault",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batterie Hochvolt-Isolationsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS isolation monitor detects insulation resistance between HV positive/negative bus and chassis ground below the safe threshold, indicating insulation failure somewhere in the HV system.",
        "de": "Der Isolationswächter des BMS erkennt einen Isolationswiderstand zwischen HV-Plus/Minus-Bus und Fahrzeugmasse unterhalb des sicheren Schwellwerts, Hinweis auf Isolationsfehler im HV-System."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "hv_cabling",
        "inverter",
        "charger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hv_cable_chafe",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV cable insulation damaged",
            "de": "Isolation eines HV-Kabels beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "moisture_intrusion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Moisture intrusion in HV component",
            "de": "Feuchtigkeit in HV-Komponente"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "aged_component",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged HV component insulation",
            "de": "Gealterte Isolation einer HV-Komponente"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          6000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulation_monitoring_device"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AA7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Isolation Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungs-Isolations-Sensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery voltage isolation sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungs-Isolations-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_isolation_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AA8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Isolation Sensor Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungs-Isolations-Sensor Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery voltage isolation sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungs-Isolations-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_isolation_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AA9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Isolation Sensor Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungs-Isolations-Sensor Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery voltage isolation sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungs-Isolations-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_isolation_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AAA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Isolation Sensor Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungs-Isolations-Sensor Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery voltage isolation sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungs-Isolations-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_isolation_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AAB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Isolation Sensor Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungs-Isolations-Sensor Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery voltage isolation sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungs-Isolations-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_isolation_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AAC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack air temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AAD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack air temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AAE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack air temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AAF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack air temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AB0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack air temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AB1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack air temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AB2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack air temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AB3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack air temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AB4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack air temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AB5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack air temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Lufttemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AB6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Mount B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motorlager B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active engine mount B control circuit reports a control circuit/open condition. Vibration damping cannot be modulated.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des aktiven Motorlagers B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Vibrationsdämpfung kann nicht moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_mount_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in mount control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Lager-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open mount actuator",
            "de": "Offener Lager-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AB7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Mount B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorlager B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active engine mount B control circuit reports a control circuit low condition. Vibration damping cannot be modulated.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des aktiven Motorlagers B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Vibrationsdämpfung kann nicht moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_mount_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator internal short",
            "de": "Aktuator intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AB8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Mount B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorlager B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active engine mount B control circuit reports a control circuit high condition. Vibration damping cannot be modulated.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des aktiven Motorlagers B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Vibrationsdämpfung kann nicht moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_mount_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator",
            "de": "Offener Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AB9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV System Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-System Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects that the overall hybrid system performance does not match the calibrated profile. Multi-component analysis required.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Gesamt-Hybridsystem-Leistung nicht zum kalibrierten Profil passt. Mehrkomponenten-Analyse erforderlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_control_module",
        "bms",
        "drive_motor_a",
        "generator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "System component drift",
            "de": "System-Komponenten-Drift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "calibration_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "System calibration off",
            "de": "System-Kalibrierung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ABA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ABB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense A Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ABC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense A Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ABD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense A Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ABE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense A Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ABF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack current sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AC0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Cooling System Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batterie Kühlsystem Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects insufficient cooling performance for the HV battery, where pack temperature rise during operation exceeds expected value despite active cooling.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt unzureichende Kühlleistung der HV-Batterie, wenn der Temperaturanstieg trotz aktiver Kühlung über dem Erwartungswert liegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_cooling_system",
        "electric_coolant_pump",
        "battery_cooling_fan"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant pump failed",
            "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clogged_radiator",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery radiator clogged",
            "de": "Batteriekühler verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AC1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor A Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack current sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AC2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor A Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack current sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AC3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor A Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack current sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AC4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Powertrain Control Module Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Antriebsstrang-Steuermodul angeforderte MIL-Aktivierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid powertrain control module has requested MIL illumination via the inter-module bus. Underlying fault is reported separately by the requesting module.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Antriebsstrang-Steuermodul hat über den Intermodul-Bus eine MIL-Aktivierung angefordert. Der zugrundeliegende Fehler wird vom anfordernden Modul separat gemeldet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_powertrain_cm",
        "module_communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "downstream_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream fault in hybrid system",
            "de": "Untergeordneter Fehler im Hybridsystem"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lag",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication lag - MIL request stale",
            "de": "Kommunikations-Verzögerung - MIL-Anforderung veraltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AC5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AC6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AC7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AC8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AC9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ACA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ACB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ACC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ACD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ACE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ACF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 3 Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 3 Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 3 reports a control circuit/open condition. Battery thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 3 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in fan control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Lüfter-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open fan motor",
            "de": "Offener Lüftermotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AD0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 3 Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 3 Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 3 reports a performance/stuck off condition. Battery thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 3 meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized",
            "de": "Lüftermotor festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay failed",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AD1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 3 Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 3 dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 3 reports a stuck on condition. Battery thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 3 meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts welded",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AD2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 3 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 3 Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 3 reports a control circuit low condition. Battery thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 3 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal motor short",
            "de": "Interner Motor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AD3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 3 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 3 Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 3 reports a control circuit high condition. Battery thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 3 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor",
            "de": "Offener Motor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AD4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Flow System Insufficient Air Flow",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket Luftstrom-System unzureichender Luftstrom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that air flow through the HV battery pack is below the calibrated minimum. Cooling effectiveness reduced.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Luftstrom durch das HV-Batteriepaket unter dem kalibrierten Minimum liegt. Kühlwirksamkeit reduziert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_air_flow_system",
        "hv_battery_cooling_fans"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air filter clogged",
            "de": "Luftfilter verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fan_underspeed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling fan underspeed",
            "de": "Kühlerlüfter Unterdrehzahl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AD5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Flow Valve A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket Luftstrom-Ventil A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack air flow valve A reports a control circuit/open condition. Air routing for thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket Luftstrom-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Luftführung für das Thermomanagement ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_air_flow_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve actuator",
            "de": "Offener Ventil-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AD6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Flow Valve A Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket Luftstrom-Ventil A Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack air flow valve A reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Air routing for thermal management is impaired.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket Luftstrom-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Luftführung für das Thermomanagement ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_air_flow_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slower than calibrated",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion langsamer als kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AD7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Flow Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket Luftstrom-Ventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack air flow valve A reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket Luftstrom-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_air_flow_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator internal short",
            "de": "Aktuator intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AD8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Air Flow Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket Luftstrom-Ventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack air flow valve A reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket Luftstrom-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_air_flow_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator",
            "de": "Offener Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AD9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Positive Contactor Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Positiv-Schütz Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery positive contactor reports a control circuit/open condition. HV main switching cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Positiv-Schützes der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die HV-Hauptschaltung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pos_contactor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ADA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Positive Contactor Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Positiv-Schütz Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery positive contactor reports a control circuit range/performance condition. HV main switching cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Positiv-Schützes der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die HV-Hauptschaltung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pos_contactor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ADB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Positive Contactor Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Positiv-Schütz Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery positive contactor reports a control circuit low condition. HV main switching cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Positiv-Schützes der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die HV-Hauptschaltung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pos_contactor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ADC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Positive Contactor Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Positiv-Schütz Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery positive contactor reports a control circuit high condition. HV main switching cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Positiv-Schützes der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die HV-Hauptschaltung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pos_contactor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ADD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Negative Contactor Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Negativ-Schütz Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery negative contactor reports a control circuit/open condition. HV main switching cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Negativ-Schützes der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die HV-Hauptschaltung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_neg_contactor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ADE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Negative Contactor Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Negativ-Schütz Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery negative contactor reports a control circuit range/performance condition. HV main switching cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Negativ-Schützes der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die HV-Hauptschaltung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_neg_contactor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ADF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Negative Contactor Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Negativ-Schütz Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery negative contactor reports a control circuit low condition. HV main switching cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Negativ-Schützes der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die HV-Hauptschaltung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_neg_contactor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AE0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Negative Contactor Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Negativ-Schütz Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery negative contactor reports a control circuit high condition. HV main switching cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Negativ-Schützes der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die HV-Hauptschaltung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_neg_contactor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AE1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery precharge contactor circuit reports a generic fault. DC-link precharge before main contactor closure cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Vorlade-Schützes der HV-Batterie meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zwischenkreis-Vorladung vor dem Schließen des Hauptschützes kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_precharge_contactor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Precharge contactor failed",
            "de": "Vorlade-Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AE2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Circuit Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz Stromkreis geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery precharge contactor is stuck in the closed position. Risk of damage to precharge resistor from sustained current.",
        "de": "Das Vorlade-Schütz der HV-Batterie sitzt in der geschlossenen Position fest. Gefahr für Beschädigung des Vorlade-Widerstands durch anhaltenden Stromfluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_precharge_contactor",
        "precharge_resistor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Kontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AE3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Circuit Stuck Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz Stromkreis offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery precharge contactor is stuck in the open position. DC-link cannot be precharged before main contactor closure.",
        "de": "Das Vorlade-Schütz der HV-Batterie sitzt in der offenen Position fest. Der Zwischenkreis kann vor dem Schließen des Hauptschützes nicht vorgeladen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_precharge_contactor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor mechanically failed open",
            "de": "Schütz mechanisch in offener Position defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burnt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil burnt out",
            "de": "Schützspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AE4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery precharge contactor A reports a control circuit/open condition. Precharge sequence cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Vorlade-Schützes A der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Vorladesequenz kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_precharge_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AE5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor A Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz A Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery precharge contactor A reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Precharge sequence cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Vorlade-Schützes A der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Vorladesequenz kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_precharge_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AE6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery precharge contactor A reports a control circuit low condition. Precharge sequence cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Vorlade-Schützes A der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Vorladesequenz kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_precharge_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AE7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the HV battery precharge contactor A reports a control circuit high condition. Precharge sequence cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Vorlade-Schützes A der HV-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Vorladesequenz kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_precharge_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AE8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AE9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AEA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AEB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AEC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AEE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AEF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AF0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AF1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AF2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AF3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AF4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AF5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AF6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AF7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Internal Temperature Too High",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Innentemperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 14V DC/DC converter module reports internal temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained load or cooling failure.",
        "de": "Das 14V-DC/DC-Wandlermodul meldet eine Innentemperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltende Last oder Kühlungsausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high module load",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Modul-Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AF8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Voltage",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Systemspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a generic fault on the HV battery system voltage.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler bei der HV-Batteriespannung des Systems."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit fault",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AF9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Voltage Unstable",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Systemspannung instabil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system voltage fluctuates beyond the expected window. Loose connection or unstable cell behaviour.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriespannung schwankt über das erwartete Fenster hinaus. Lockerer Kontakt oder instabiles Zellverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit fault",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AFA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Voltage Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Systemspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system voltage is below the expected window. Cell-level depletion, cold conditions, or sense fault.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriespannung liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Zellentladung, Kälte oder Messfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit fault",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AFB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Voltage High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Systemspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system voltage exceeds the expected window. Charging overvoltage or sense fault.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriespannung überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Lade-Überspannung oder Messfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit fault",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AFC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Sensor Module",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Sensormodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack sensor module reports an internal fault. Cell-level voltage and temperature monitoring may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Sensormodul meldet einen internen Fehler. Die Zellebenen-Überwachung von Spannung und Temperatur kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor module fault",
            "de": "Interner Sensormodul-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication lost with BMS",
            "de": "Kommunikation mit BMS verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AFD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Temperature Too Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Temperatur zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack temperature is below the safe operating threshold. Power output severely reduced until heating completes.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Temperatur liegt unter der sicheren Betriebsschwelle. Die Leistungsabgabe ist stark reduziert, bis die Erwärmung abgeschlossen ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "hv_battery_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "extreme_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Extreme ambient cold",
            "de": "Extreme Umgebungs-Kälte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery heater failed",
            "de": "Batterie-Heizer defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AFE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Voltage Too Low for Voltage Step Up Conversion",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie System-Spannung zu niedrig für Hochsetz-Wandlung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system voltage is too low to enable voltage step-up (boost) conversion. DC/DC converter cannot operate.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batterie-Systemspannung ist zu niedrig, um die Hochsetz-Wandlung (Boost) zu ermöglichen. Der DC/DC-Wandler kann nicht arbeiten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "dcdc_step_up_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_depleted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV battery depleted",
            "de": "HV-Batterie entladen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "battery_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery cells aged",
            "de": "Batteriezellen gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0AFF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Voltage Too Low for Voltage Step Down Conversion",
        "de": "System-Spannung zu niedrig für Tiefsetz-Wandlung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The system input voltage is too low to enable voltage step-down (buck) conversion to 12V. 12V system support compromised.",
        "de": "Die System-Eingangsspannung ist zu niedrig, um die Tiefsetz-Wandlung (Buck) auf 12V zu ermöglichen. 12V-System-Versorgung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_step_down_converter",
        "aux_12v_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "input_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input voltage below conversion threshold",
            "de": "Eingangsspannung unter Wandlungsschwelle"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "converter_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Converter input stage fault",
            "de": "Wandler-Eingangsstufen-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B00",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Phase U Current",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor Phase U Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase U current of the auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor reports a current fault. Pump phase commutation impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Fehler \"Strom\". Pumpen-Phasen-Kommutierung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_motor_phase_u",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B01",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Phase U Current Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor Phase U Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase U current of the auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor reports a current low fault. Pump phase commutation impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Fehler \"Strom niedrig\". Pumpen-Phasen-Kommutierung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_motor_phase_u",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B02",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Phase U Current High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor Phase U Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase U current of the auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor reports a current high fault. Pump phase commutation impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Fehler \"Strom hoch\". Pumpen-Phasen-Kommutierung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_motor_phase_u",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B03",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Phase V Current",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor Phase V Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase V current of the auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor reports a current fault. Pump phase commutation impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Fehler \"Strom\". Pumpen-Phasen-Kommutierung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_motor_phase_v",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B04",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Phase V Current Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor Phase V Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase V current of the auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor reports a current low fault. Pump phase commutation impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Fehler \"Strom niedrig\". Pumpen-Phasen-Kommutierung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_motor_phase_v",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B05",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Phase V Current High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor Phase V Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase V current of the auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor reports a current high fault. Pump phase commutation impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Fehler \"Strom hoch\". Pumpen-Phasen-Kommutierung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_motor_phase_v",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B06",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Phase W Current",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor Phase W Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase W current of the auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor reports a current fault. Pump phase commutation impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Fehler \"Strom\". Pumpen-Phasen-Kommutierung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_motor_phase_w",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B07",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Phase W Current Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor Phase W Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase W current of the auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor reports a current low fault. Pump phase commutation impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Fehler \"Strom niedrig\". Pumpen-Phasen-Kommutierung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_motor_phase_w",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B08",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Phase W Current High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor Phase W Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase W current of the auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor reports a current high fault. Pump phase commutation impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Fehler \"Strom hoch\". Pumpen-Phasen-Kommutierung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_motor_phase_w",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B09",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Motor Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Motor Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage circuit of auxiliary transmission fluid pump A motor reports a open condition.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a_motor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B0A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Motor Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Motor Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage circuit of auxiliary transmission fluid pump A motor reports a low condition.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a_motor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_collapse",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply rail collapsed",
            "de": "Versorgungspfad bricht ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B0B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Motor Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Motor Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage circuit of auxiliary transmission fluid pump A motor reports a high condition.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis des Motors der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a_motor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alt_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B0C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Hydraulic Leakage",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Hydraulische Leckage"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects hydraulic leakage from auxiliary transmission fluid pump A. Pump output cannot maintain pressure due to internal or external leak.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine hydraulische Leckage an der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A. Die Pumpenleistung kann den Druck aufgrund einer internen oder externen Leckage nicht halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seal_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump seal aged",
            "de": "Pumpendichtung gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal pump wear",
            "de": "Interner Pumpenverschleiß"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B0D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Control Module",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor control module reports an internal fault. Pump cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Motor-Steuermodul der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen internen Fehler. Die Pumpe kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication lost",
            "de": "Kommunikation verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B0E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B0F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor B Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B10",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor B Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B11",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor B Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B12",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor B Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B13",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of HV battery pack current sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. Sensor drift or harness offset.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Sensordrift oder Verkabelungs-Versatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_a",
        "hv_battery_pack_current_sensor_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifted",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between sensors",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Sensoren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B14",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B15",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense B Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B16",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense B Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B17",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense B Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B18",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense B Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B19",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B1A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense C Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B1B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense C Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B1C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense C Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B1D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense C Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B1E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense D Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B1F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense D Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B20",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense D Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B21",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense D Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B22",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on the phase U current sensor of the generator/MG2 used in series-parallel hybrid systems.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Phase-U-Stromsensor des Generators/MG2 in Serien-Parallel-Hybridsystemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator",
        "phase_current_sensor",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_synergy_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B23",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery A Voltage",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie A Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a generic fault on the voltage measurement of HV battery A.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler bei der Spannungsmessung der HV-Batterie A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance in this group",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht in dieser Gruppe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit fault",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B24",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery A Voltage Unstable",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie A Spannung instabil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage measurement of HV battery A fluctuates beyond the expected window. Loose connection or unstable cell.",
        "de": "Die Spannungsmessung der HV-Batterie A schwankt über das erwartete Fenster hinaus. Lockerer Kontakt oder instabile Zelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connection",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose busbar or terminal connection",
            "de": "Lockerer Sammelschienen- oder Klemmenkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_unstable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell with unstable internal resistance",
            "de": "Zelle mit instabilem Innenwiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B25",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery A Voltage Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie A Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of HV battery A is below the expected window. Cell-group depleted, deeply aged, or sense fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannung der HV-Batterie A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Zellgruppe entladen, stark gealtert oder Messfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells in group aged - capacity reduced",
            "de": "Zellen in der Gruppe gealtert - Kapazität reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deep_discharge",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deep discharge event",
            "de": "Tiefentladungs-Ereignis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B26",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery A Voltage High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie A Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of HV battery A exceeds the expected window. Charging overvoltage or sense fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannung der HV-Batterie A überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Lade-Überspannung oder Messfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Ladesystem-Überspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit drifted high",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B27",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery B Voltage",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie B Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a generic fault on the voltage measurement of HV battery B.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler bei der Spannungsmessung der HV-Batterie B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance in this group",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht in dieser Gruppe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit fault",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B28",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery B Voltage Unstable",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie B Spannung instabil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage measurement of HV battery B fluctuates beyond the expected window. Loose connection or unstable cell.",
        "de": "Die Spannungsmessung der HV-Batterie B schwankt über das erwartete Fenster hinaus. Lockerer Kontakt oder instabile Zelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connection",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose busbar or terminal connection",
            "de": "Lockerer Sammelschienen- oder Klemmenkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_unstable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell with unstable internal resistance",
            "de": "Zelle mit instabilem Innenwiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B29",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery B Voltage Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie B Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of HV battery B is below the expected window. Cell-group depleted, deeply aged, or sense fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannung der HV-Batterie B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Zellgruppe entladen, stark gealtert oder Messfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells in group aged - capacity reduced",
            "de": "Zellen in der Gruppe gealtert - Kapazität reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deep_discharge",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deep discharge event",
            "de": "Tiefentladungs-Ereignis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B2A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery B Voltage High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie B Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of HV battery B exceeds the expected window. Charging overvoltage or sense fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannung der HV-Batterie B überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Lade-Überspannung oder Messfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Ladesystem-Überspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit drifted high",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B2B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery C Voltage",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie C Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a generic fault on the voltage measurement of HV battery C.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler bei der Spannungsmessung der HV-Batterie C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance in this group",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht in dieser Gruppe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit fault",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B2C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery C Voltage Unstable",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie C Spannung instabil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage measurement of HV battery C fluctuates beyond the expected window. Loose connection or unstable cell.",
        "de": "Die Spannungsmessung der HV-Batterie C schwankt über das erwartete Fenster hinaus. Lockerer Kontakt oder instabile Zelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connection",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose busbar or terminal connection",
            "de": "Lockerer Sammelschienen- oder Klemmenkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_unstable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell with unstable internal resistance",
            "de": "Zelle mit instabilem Innenwiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B2D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery C Voltage Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie C Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of HV battery C is below the expected window. Cell-group depleted, deeply aged, or sense fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannung der HV-Batterie C liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Zellgruppe entladen, stark gealtert oder Messfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells in group aged - capacity reduced",
            "de": "Zellen in der Gruppe gealtert - Kapazität reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deep_discharge",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deep discharge event",
            "de": "Tiefentladungs-Ereignis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B2E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery C Voltage High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie C Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of HV battery C exceeds the expected window. Charging overvoltage or sense fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannung der HV-Batterie C überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Lade-Überspannung oder Messfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Ladesystem-Überspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit drifted high",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B2F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery D Voltage",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie D Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a generic fault on the voltage measurement of HV battery D.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler bei der Spannungsmessung der HV-Batterie D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_d",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance in this group",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht in dieser Gruppe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit fault",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B30",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery D Voltage Unstable",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie D Spannung instabil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage measurement of HV battery D fluctuates beyond the expected window. Loose connection or unstable cell.",
        "de": "Die Spannungsmessung der HV-Batterie D schwankt über das erwartete Fenster hinaus. Lockerer Kontakt oder instabile Zelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_d",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connection",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose busbar or terminal connection",
            "de": "Lockerer Sammelschienen- oder Klemmenkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_unstable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell with unstable internal resistance",
            "de": "Zelle mit instabilem Innenwiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B31",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery D Voltage Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie D Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of HV battery D is below the expected window. Cell-group depleted, deeply aged, or sense fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannung der HV-Batterie D liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Zellgruppe entladen, stark gealtert oder Messfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_d",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells in group aged - capacity reduced",
            "de": "Zellen in der Gruppe gealtert - Kapazität reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deep_discharge",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deep discharge event",
            "de": "Tiefentladungs-Ereignis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B32",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery D Voltage High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie D Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of HV battery D exceeds the expected window. Charging overvoltage or sense fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannung der HV-Batterie D überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Lade-Überspannung oder Messfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_d",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Ladesystem-Überspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sense_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit drifted high",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B33",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage Service Disconnect Circuit",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Service-Trennung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage service disconnect circuit reports a circuit condition. Safe HV disconnection state cannot be verified.",
        "de": "Der HV-Service-Trennungs-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der sichere HV-Trennzustand kann nicht geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_service_disconnect_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Service disconnect switch failed",
            "de": "Service-Trennschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B34",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage Service Disconnect Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Service-Trennung Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage service disconnect circuit reports a circuit performance condition. Safe HV disconnection state cannot be verified.",
        "de": "Der HV-Service-Trennungs-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Verhalten\". Der sichere HV-Trennzustand kann nicht geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_service_disconnect_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B35",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage Service Disconnect Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Service-Trennung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage service disconnect circuit reports a circuit low condition. Safe HV disconnection state cannot be verified.",
        "de": "Der HV-Service-Trennungs-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der sichere HV-Trennzustand kann nicht geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_service_disconnect_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch shorted",
            "de": "Schalter kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B36",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage Service Disconnect Circuit High",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Service-Trennung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage service disconnect circuit reports a circuit high condition. Safe HV disconnection state cannot be verified.",
        "de": "Der HV-Service-Trennungs-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der sichere HV-Trennzustand kann nicht geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_service_disconnect_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch open",
            "de": "Schalter offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B37",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage Service Disconnect Open",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Service-Trennung offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage service disconnect circuit reports a open condition. Safe HV disconnection state cannot be verified.",
        "de": "Der HV-Service-Trennungs-Stromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"offen\". Der sichere HV-Trennzustand kann nicht geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_service_disconnect_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Service disconnect switch in service position",
            "de": "Service-Trennschalter in Service-Position"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in disconnect wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Trennleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B38",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump B control circuit reports a control circuit/open condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be commanded reliably on branch B.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf Zweig B kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B39",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump B control circuit reports a control circuit low condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be commanded reliably on branch B.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf Zweig B kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump motor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B3A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump B control circuit reports a control circuit high condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be commanded reliably on branch B.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf Zweig B kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B3B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense A Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel A of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal A der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B3C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel A of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal A der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B3D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel A of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal A der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B3E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense A Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel A of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal A der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B3F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel A of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal A der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B40",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense B Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel B of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal B der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B41",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel B of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal B der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B42",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel B of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal B der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B43",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense B Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel B of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal B der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B44",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel B of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal B der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B45",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense C Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel C of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal C der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B46",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel C of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal C der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B47",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel C of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal C der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B48",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense C Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel C of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal C der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B49",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung C Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel C of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal C der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B4A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense D Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel D of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal D der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B4B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense D Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel D of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal D der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B4C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense D Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel D of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal D der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B4D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense D Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel D of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal D der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B4E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense D Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung D Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel D of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal D der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B4F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense E Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel E of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal E der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B50",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense E Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel E of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal E der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B51",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense E Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel E of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal E der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B52",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense E Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel E of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal E der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B53",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense E Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel E of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal E der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B54",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense F Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel F of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal F der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B55",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense F Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel F of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal F der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B56",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense F Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel F of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal F der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B57",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense F Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel F of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal F der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B58",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense F Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel F of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal F der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B59",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense G Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung G Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel G of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal G der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B5A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense G Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung G Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel G of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal G der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B5B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense G Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung G Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel G of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal G der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B5C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense G Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung G Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel G of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal G der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B5D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense G Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung G Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel G of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal G der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B5E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense H Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung H Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel H of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal H der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B5F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense H Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung H Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel H of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal H der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B60",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense H Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung H Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel H of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal H der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B61",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense H Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung H Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel H of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal H der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B62",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense H Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung H Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel H of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal H der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B63",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense I Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung I Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel I of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal I der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_i",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B64",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense I Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung I Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel I of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal I der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_i",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B65",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense I Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung I Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel I of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal I der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_i",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B66",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense I Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung I Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel I of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal I der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_i",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B67",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense I Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung I Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel I of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal I der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_i",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B68",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense J Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung J Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel J of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal J der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_j",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B69",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense J Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung J Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel J of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal J der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_j",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B6A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense J Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung J Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel J of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal J der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_j",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B6B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense J Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung J Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel J of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal J der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_j",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B6C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense J Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung J Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel J of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal J der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_j",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B6D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense K Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung K Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel K of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal K der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_k",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B6E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense K Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung K Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel K of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal K der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_k",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B6F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense K Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung K Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel K of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal K der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_k",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B70",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense K Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung K Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel K of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal K der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_k",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B71",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense K Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung K Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel K of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal K der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_k",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B72",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense L Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung L Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel L of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal L der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_l",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B73",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense L Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung L Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel L of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal L der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_l",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B74",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense L Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung L Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel L of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal L der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_l",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B75",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense L Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung L Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel L of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal L der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_l",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B76",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense L Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung L Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel L of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal L der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_l",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B77",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense M Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung M Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel M of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal M der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_m",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B78",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense M Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung M Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel M of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal M der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_m",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B79",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense M Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung M Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel M of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal M der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_m",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B7A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense M Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung M Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel M of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal M der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_m",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B7B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense M Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung M Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel M of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal M der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_m",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B7C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense N Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung N Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel N of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal N der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_n",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B7D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense N Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung N Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel N of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal N der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_n",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B7E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense N Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung N Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel N of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal N der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_n",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B7F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense N Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung N Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel N of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal N der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_n",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B80",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense N Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung N Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel N of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal N der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_n",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B81",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense O Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung O Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel O of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal O der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_o",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B82",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense O Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung O Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel O of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal O der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_o",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B83",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense O Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung O Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel O of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal O der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_o",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B84",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense O Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung O Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel O of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal O der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_o",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B85",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense O Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung O Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel O of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal O der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_o",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B86",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense P Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung P Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel P of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal P der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_p",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B87",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense P Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung P Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel P of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal P der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_p",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B88",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense P Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung P Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel P of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal P der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_p",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B89",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense P Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung P Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel P of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal P der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_p",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B8A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense P Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung P Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel P of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal P der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_p",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B8B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Q Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Q Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel Q of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Q der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_q",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B8C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Q Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Q Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel Q of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Q der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_q",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B8D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Q Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Q Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel Q of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Q der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_q",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B8E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Q Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Q Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel Q of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Q der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_q",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B8F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Q Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Q Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel Q of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Q der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_q",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B90",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense R Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung R Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel R of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal R der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_r",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B91",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense R Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung R Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel R of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal R der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_r",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B92",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense R Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung R Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel R of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal R der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_r",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B93",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense R Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung R Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel R of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal R der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_r",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B94",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense R Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung R Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel R of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal R der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_r",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B95",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense S Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung S Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel S of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal S der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_s",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B96",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense S Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung S Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel S of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal S der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_s",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B97",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense S Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung S Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel S of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal S der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_s",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B98",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense S Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung S Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel S of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal S der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_s",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B99",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense S Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung S Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel S of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal S der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_s",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B9A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense T Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung T Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel T of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal T der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_t",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B9B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense T Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung T Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel T of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal T der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_t",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B9C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense T Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung T Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel T of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal T der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_t",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B9D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense T Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung T Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel T of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal T der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_t",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B9E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense T Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung T Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel T of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal T der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_t",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0B9F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense U Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung U Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel U of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal U der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_u",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BA0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense U Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung U Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel U of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal U der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_u",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BA1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense U Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung U Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel U of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal U der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_u",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BA2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense U Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung U Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel U of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal U der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_u",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BA3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense U Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung U Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel U of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal U der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_u",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BA4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense V Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung V Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel V of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal V der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_v",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BA5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense V Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung V Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel V of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal V der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_v",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BA6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense V Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung V Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel V of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal V der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_v",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BA7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense V Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung V Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel V of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal V der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_v",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BA8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense V Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung V Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel V of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal V der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_v",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BA9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense W Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung W Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel W of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal W der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_w",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BAA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense W Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung W Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel W of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal W der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_w",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BAB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense W Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung W Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel W of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal W der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_w",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BAC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense W Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung W Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel W of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal W der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_w",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BAD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense W Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung W Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel W of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal W der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_w",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BAE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense X Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung X Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel X of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal X der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_x",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BAF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense X Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung X Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel X of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal X der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_x",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BB0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense X Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung X Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel X of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal X der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_x",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BB1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense X Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung X Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel X of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal X der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_x",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BB2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense X Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung X Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel X of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal X der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_x",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BB3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Y Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Y Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel Y of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Y der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_y",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BB4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Y Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Y Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel Y of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Y der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_y",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BB5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Y Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Y Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel Y of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Y der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_y",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BB6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Y Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Y Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel Y of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Y der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_y",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BB7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Y Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Y Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel Y of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Y der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_y",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BB8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Z Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Z Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit fault on voltage sense channel Z of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Z der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_z",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_circuit_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BB9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Z Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Z Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit range/performance fault on voltage sense channel Z of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Z der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_z",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense voltage drifted",
            "de": "Mess-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BBA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Z Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Z Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit low fault on voltage sense channel Z of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Z der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_z",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BBB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Z Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Z Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit high fault on voltage sense channel Z of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Z der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_z",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Referenzregler-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BBC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Sense Z Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Spannungsmessung Z Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on voltage sense channel Z of the high-voltage battery. Cell-group voltage measurement is unreliable on this channel.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Spannungsmess-Kanal Z der Hochvolt-Batterie. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsmessung auf diesem Kanal ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sense_z",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense connector not seated",
            "de": "Mess-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BBD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Voltage Sense Internal Module Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batterie Spannungserfassung Modul Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects implausible cell module voltage readings during balancing or load test, indicating sense circuit drift or cell defect.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt unplausible Zellmodulspannungen beim Balancing oder Belastungstest, Hinweis auf Drift im Erfassungskreis oder Zellfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_management_system",
        "hv_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_defect",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Defective cell in module",
            "de": "Defekte Zelle in Modul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bms_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS sense circuit drift",
            "de": "BMS-Erfassungsdrift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          6000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BBE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Variation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungs-Variation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects excessive variation between cell-group voltages within the HV battery pack. Cell imbalance beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine übermäßige Variation zwischen den Zellgruppen-Spannungen im HV-Batteriepaket. Zell-Ungleichgewicht jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell capacity imbalance",
            "de": "Zell-Kapazitäts-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell balancing function failed",
            "de": "Zell-Balancing-Funktion defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          6000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          18
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BBF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage circuit of the HV battery pack cooling fan reports a circuit/open condition. Cooling fan operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Der Kühlerlüfter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_supply",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BC0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage circuit of the HV battery pack cooling fan reports a circuit low condition. Cooling fan operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der Kühlerlüfter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_supply",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_collapse",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply rail collapsed",
            "de": "Versorgungspfad bricht ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BC1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage circuit of the HV battery pack cooling fan reports a circuit high condition. Cooling fan operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der Kühlerlüfter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_supply",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alt_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BC2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BC3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BC4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BC5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BC6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BC7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 1 Sense Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 1 Mess-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 1 sense circuit reports a sense circuit/open fault. Fan speed feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 1 meldet einen Fehler \"Mess-Stromkreis offen\". Die Lüfter-Drehzahl-Rückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_1_sense",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tachometer_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan tachometer failed",
            "de": "Lüfter-Tachometer defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BC8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 1 Sense Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 1 Mess Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 1 sense circuit reports a sense range/performance fault. Fan speed feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 1 meldet einen Fehler \"Mess Bereich/Leistung\". Die Lüfter-Drehzahl-Rückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_1_sense",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback signal drifted",
            "de": "Rückmeldesignal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BC9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 1 Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 1 Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 1 sense circuit reports a sense circuit low fault. Fan speed feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 1 meldet einen Fehler \"Mess-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Lüfter-Drehzahl-Rückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_1_sense",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tachometer_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tachometer internal short",
            "de": "Tachometer intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BCA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 1 Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 1 Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 1 sense circuit reports a sense circuit high fault. Fan speed feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 1 meldet einen Fehler \"Mess-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Lüfter-Drehzahl-Rückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_1_sense",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tachometer_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open tachometer",
            "de": "Offener Tachometer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BCB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 1 Sense Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 1 Mess-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 1 sense circuit reports a sense circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Fan speed feedback is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 1 meldet einen Fehler \"Mess-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Lüfter-Drehzahl-Rückmeldung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_1_sense",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BCC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BCD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BCE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BCF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BD0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BD1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BD2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BD3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BD4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BD5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BD6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BD7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BD8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BD9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BDA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BDB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BDC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BDD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BDE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BDF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BE0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BE1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BE2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BE3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BE4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BE5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase U reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase U des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BE6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase U reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase U des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BE7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase U reports a circuit low fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase U des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BE8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase U reports a circuit high fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase U des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BE9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase V Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase V reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase V des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BEA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase V Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase V reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase V des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BEB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase V Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase V reports a circuit low fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase V des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BEC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase V Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase V reports a circuit high fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase V des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase W Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase W reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase W des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BEE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase W Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase W reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase W des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BEF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase W Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase W reports a circuit low fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase W des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BF0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase W Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase W reports a circuit high fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase W des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BF1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase U reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase U des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BF2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase U reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase U des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BF3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase U reports a circuit low fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase U des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BF4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase U reports a circuit high fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase U des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BF5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase V Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase V reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase V des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BF6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase V Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase V reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase V des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BF7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase V Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase V reports a circuit low fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase V des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BF8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase V Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase V reports a circuit high fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase V des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BF9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase W Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase W reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase W des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BFA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase W Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase W reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase W des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BFB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase W Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase W reports a circuit low fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase W des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BFC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase W Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor B phase W reports a circuit high fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase W des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BFD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U-V-W Current Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U-V-W Stromsensor Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase U, V, and W current sensors of drive motor A do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. Sum of phase currents should be near zero.",
        "de": "Die Phase-U-, V- und W-Stromsensoren des Antriebsmotors A korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Die Summe der Phasenströme sollte nahe Null sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_w_current_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Ein Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between sensors",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Sensoren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BFE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U-V-W Current Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U-V-W Stromsensor Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase U, V, and W current sensors of drive motor B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. Sum of phase currents should be near zero.",
        "de": "Die Phase-U-, V- und W-Stromsensoren des Antriebsmotors B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Die Summe der Phasenströme sollte nahe Null sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "drive_motor_b_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "drive_motor_b_phase_w_current_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Ein Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between sensors",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Sensoren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0BFF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The total current draw of drive motor A reports a current fault. Motor operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Gesamtstromaufnahme des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Strom\". Der Motor-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_calc_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calculated current outside expected range",
            "de": "Berechneter Strom außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor drift",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C00",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Coolant Pump Control Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on the drive motor electric coolant pump control output. Without flow, motor and inverter overheat under load.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler am Steuerausgang der elektrischen Kühlmittelpumpe für den Antriebsmotor. Ohne Durchfluss überhitzen Motor und Inverter unter Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_coolant_pump",
        "hybrid_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump electrically failed",
            "de": "Pumpe elektrisch defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open",
            "de": "Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C01",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The total current draw of drive motor A reports a current high fault. Motor operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Gesamtstromaufnahme des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Strom hoch\". Der Motor-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor overload",
            "de": "Motor-Überlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C02",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The total current draw of drive motor B reports a current fault. Motor operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Gesamtstromaufnahme des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Strom\". Der Motor-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b",
        "drive_motor_b_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_calc_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calculated current outside expected range",
            "de": "Berechneter Strom außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor drift",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C03",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Current Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The total current draw of drive motor B reports a current low fault. Motor operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Gesamtstromaufnahme des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Strom niedrig\". Der Motor-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b",
        "drive_motor_b_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor load lower than expected",
            "de": "Motorlast niedriger als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted low",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C04",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The total current draw of drive motor B reports a current high fault. Motor operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Gesamtstromaufnahme des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Strom hoch\". Der Motor-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b",
        "drive_motor_b_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor overload",
            "de": "Motor-Überlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C05",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U-V-W Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U-V-W Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A phase U-V-W output reports a circuit/open condition. Motor cannot operate reliably.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Der Motor kann nicht zuverlässig arbeiten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_uvw",
        "drive_motor_a_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open phase wire",
            "de": "Offene Phasenleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C06",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U-V-W Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U-V-W Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A phase U-V-W output reports a circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_uvw",
        "drive_motor_a_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lowside_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-side switch open in inverter",
            "de": "Lowside-Schalter im Wechselrichter offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C07",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase U-V-W Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase U-V-W Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A phase U-V-W output reports a circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_uvw",
        "drive_motor_a_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to high voltage",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit Hochspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C08",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U-V-W Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U-V-W Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B phase U-V-W output reports a circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_uvw",
        "drive_motor_b_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open phase wire",
            "de": "Offene Phasenleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C09",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U-V-W Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U-V-W Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B phase U-V-W output reports a circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_uvw",
        "drive_motor_b_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lowside_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-side switch open in inverter",
            "de": "Lowside-Schalter im Wechselrichter offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C0A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Phase U-V-W Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Phase U-V-W Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B phase U-V-W output reports a circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_phase_uvw",
        "drive_motor_b_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to high voltage",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit Hochspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C0B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Power Supply Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Versorgung Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power supply circuit of drive motor A inverter reports a circuit/open condition. Inverter operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis des Wechselrichters des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Der Wechselrichter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C0C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Power Supply Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Versorgung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power supply circuit of drive motor A inverter reports a circuit low condition. Inverter operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis des Wechselrichters des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der Wechselrichter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_collapse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage collapsed under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung bricht unter Last ein"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C0D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Power Supply Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Versorgung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power supply circuit of drive motor A inverter reports a circuit high condition. Inverter operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis des Wechselrichters des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der Wechselrichter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Stromaufwärtiger Regler-Überschwinger"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C0E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Power Supply Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Versorgung Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power supply circuit of drive motor B inverter reports a circuit/open condition. Inverter operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis des Wechselrichters des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Der Wechselrichter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C0F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Power Supply Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Versorgung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power supply circuit of drive motor B inverter reports a circuit low condition. Inverter operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis des Wechselrichters des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der Wechselrichter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_collapse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage collapsed under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung bricht unter Last ein"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C10",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Power Supply Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Versorgung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power supply circuit of drive motor B inverter reports a circuit high condition. Inverter operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis des Wechselrichters des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der Wechselrichter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Stromaufwärtiger Regler-Überschwinger"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C11",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Phase U Over Temperature",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter Phase U Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inverter phase U of drive motor A reports junction temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained high phase current.",
        "de": "Die Wechselrichter-Phase U des Antriebsmotors A meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hoher Phasenstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_phase_u"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained phase overload",
            "de": "Anhaltende Phasen-Überlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local cooling failure",
            "de": "Lokaler Kühlungsausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C12",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Phase V Over Temperature",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter Phase V Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inverter phase V of drive motor A reports junction temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained high phase current.",
        "de": "Die Wechselrichter-Phase V des Antriebsmotors A meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hoher Phasenstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_phase_v"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained phase overload",
            "de": "Anhaltende Phasen-Überlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local cooling failure",
            "de": "Lokaler Kühlungsausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C13",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Phase W Over Temperature",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter Phase W Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inverter phase W of drive motor A reports junction temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained high phase current.",
        "de": "Die Wechselrichter-Phase W des Antriebsmotors A meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hoher Phasenstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_phase_w"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained phase overload",
            "de": "Anhaltende Phasen-Überlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local cooling failure",
            "de": "Lokaler Kühlungsausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C14",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Phase U Over Temperature",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter Phase U Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inverter phase U of drive motor B reports junction temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained high phase current.",
        "de": "Die Wechselrichter-Phase U des Antriebsmotors B meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hoher Phasenstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_phase_u"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained phase overload",
            "de": "Anhaltende Phasen-Überlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local cooling failure",
            "de": "Lokaler Kühlungsausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C15",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Phase V Over Temperature",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter Phase V Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inverter phase V of drive motor B reports junction temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained high phase current.",
        "de": "Die Wechselrichter-Phase V des Antriebsmotors B meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hoher Phasenstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_phase_v"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained phase overload",
            "de": "Anhaltende Phasen-Überlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local cooling failure",
            "de": "Lokaler Kühlungsausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C16",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Phase W Over Temperature",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter Phase W Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inverter phase W of drive motor B reports junction temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained high phase current.",
        "de": "Die Wechselrichter-Phase W des Antriebsmotors B meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hoher Phasenstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_phase_w"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained phase overload",
            "de": "Anhaltende Phasen-Überlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local cooling failure",
            "de": "Lokaler Kühlungsausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C17",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Not Learned",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module has not learned the rotor position offset for drive motor A. Phase commutation cannot be optimised until learning completes.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät hat den Rotorlage-Versatz des Antriebsmotors A nicht angelernt. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann erst nach Abschluss des Lernens optimiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C18",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Not Learned",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module has not learned the rotor position offset for drive motor B. Phase commutation cannot be optimised until learning completes.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät hat den Rotorlage-Versatz des Antriebsmotors B nicht angelernt. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann erst nach Abschluss des Lernens optimiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C19",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Torque Delivered Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Liefer-Drehmoment Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects that drive motor A torque output does not match the commanded value. Magnet weakness, phase imbalance, or feedback drift.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Drehmomentabgabe des Antriebsmotors A nicht zum Sollwert passt. Magnet-Schwäche, Phasen-Unsymmetrie oder Rückmeldungs-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "magnet_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnet flux degraded",
            "de": "Magnetfluss nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current imbalance",
            "de": "Phasenstrom-Unsymmetrie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C1A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Torque Delivered Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Liefer-Drehmoment Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects that drive motor B torque output does not match the commanded value. Magnet weakness, phase imbalance, or feedback drift.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Drehmomentabgabe des Antriebsmotors B nicht zum Sollwert passt. Magnet-Schwäche, Phasen-Unsymmetrie oder Rückmeldungs-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "magnet_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnet flux degraded",
            "de": "Magnetfluss nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current imbalance",
            "de": "Phasenstrom-Unsymmetrie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C1B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Internal Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Innentemperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump control module reports internal temperature above the protection threshold.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet eine Innentemperatur über der Schutzschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained pump load",
            "de": "Anhaltende Pumpenlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C1C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal temperature sensor of the auxiliary transmission fluid pump control module reports a generic fault.",
        "de": "Der Innentemperatur-Sensor des Steuermoduls der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C1D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal temperature sensor signal is outside the calibrated range.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Innentemperatur-Sensors liegt außerhalb des kalibrierten Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_lag",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal lag in module package",
            "de": "Thermische Verzögerung im Modul-Gehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C1E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal temperature sensor reports voltage below the expected window.",
        "de": "Der Innentemperatur-Sensor meldet eine Spannung unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sensor mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C1F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Innentemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal temperature sensor reports voltage above the expected window.",
        "de": "Der Innentemperatur-Sensor meldet eine Spannung über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Sensor mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C20",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Phase U-V-W Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Phase U-V-W Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump phase U-V-W output reports a circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_phase_uvw",
        "aux_trans_pump_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open phase wire",
            "de": "Offene Phasenleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C21",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Phase U-V-W Circuit Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Phase U-V-W Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump phase U-V-W output reports a circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_phase_uvw",
        "aux_trans_pump_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lowside_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-side switch open",
            "de": "Lowside-Schalter offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C22",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Phase U-V-W Circuit High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Phase U-V-W Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump phase U-V-W output reports a circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_phase_uvw",
        "aux_trans_pump_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C23",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump control module circuit reports a circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Steuermoduls der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in module circuit",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im Modulkreis"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open module input",
            "de": "Offener Moduleingang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C24",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Circuit Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump control module circuit reports a circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Steuermoduls der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal short",
            "de": "Modul intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C25",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Circuit High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump control module circuit reports a circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Steuermoduls der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open module input",
            "de": "Offener Moduleingang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C26",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Motor Current",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Motor-Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor current of auxiliary transmission fluid pump A reports a motor current fault.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Strom der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A meldet einen Fehler \"Motor-Strom\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_calc_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calculated current outside expected range",
            "de": "Berechneter Strom außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor drift",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C27",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Motor Current Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Motor-Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor current of auxiliary transmission fluid pump A reports a motor current low fault.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Strom der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A meldet einen Fehler \"Motor-Strom niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump load lower than expected",
            "de": "Pumpenlast niedriger als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding partially open",
            "de": "Motorwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C28",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Motor Current High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Motor-Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor current of auxiliary transmission fluid pump A reports a motor current high fault.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Strom der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A meldet einen Fehler \"Motor-Strom hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stall_current",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stalled motor - high stall current",
            "de": "Blockierter Motor - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase short",
            "de": "Phasen-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C29",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Driver Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Endstufe-Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver of auxiliary transmission fluid pump A reports a performance fault. Driver characteristic outside calibration.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A meldet einen Verhaltens-Fehler. Endstufen-Kennlinie außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a_driver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IGBT aged",
            "de": "Endstufe-IGBT gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal drift outside calibration",
            "de": "Thermische Drift außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C2A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Motor Stalled",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Motor blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump A motor is stalled. Mechanical seizure, hydraulic blockage, or rotor jam.",
        "de": "Der Motor der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A ist blockiert. Mechanisches Festsitzen, hydraulische Blockade oder Rotor-Klemmer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor mechanically seized",
            "de": "Motor mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_blockage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic blockage",
            "de": "Hydraulische Blockade"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C2B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Feedback Signal",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Rückmeldesignal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump control module feedback signal reports a feedback signal condition.",
        "de": "Das Rückmeldesignal des Steuermoduls der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Rückmeldesignal\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback signal failed",
            "de": "Rückmeldesignal defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C2C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Feedback Signal Range/Performance",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Rückmeldesignal Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump control module feedback signal reports a feedback signal range/performance condition.",
        "de": "Das Rückmeldesignal des Steuermoduls der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Rückmeldesignal Bereich/Leistung\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback signal drifted",
            "de": "Rückmeldesignal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C2D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Feedback Signal Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Rückmeldesignal niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump control module feedback signal reports a feedback signal low condition.",
        "de": "Das Rückmeldesignal des Steuermoduls der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Rückmeldesignal niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module output low",
            "de": "Modul-Ausgang niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C2E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Module Feedback Signal High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuermodul Rückmeldesignal hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump control module feedback signal reports a feedback signal high condition.",
        "de": "Das Rückmeldesignal des Steuermoduls der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Rückmeldesignal hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_control_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module output high",
            "de": "Modul-Ausgang hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C2F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Drive Motor/Generator - Engine Speed Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul Antriebsmotor/Generator - Motordrehzahl-Sensor Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects an internal performance fault on the drive motor/generator engine speed sensor processing. Speed-based control may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Verhaltens-Fehler bei der Verarbeitung des Antriebsmotor/Generator-Motordrehzahl-Sensors. Drehzahlbasierte Steuerung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_control_module",
        "drive_motor_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal control module fault",
            "de": "Interner Steuermodulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_signal_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal lost",
            "de": "Sensorsignal verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C30",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack State of Charge High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket Ladezustand hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that the HV battery pack state of charge exceeds the safe upper limit. Regenerative braking may be limited to prevent overcharge.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Ladezustand des HV-Batteriepakets über dem sicheren oberen Limit liegt. Regeneratives Bremsen kann begrenzt werden, um Überladung zu verhindern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "soc_estimation_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "SoC estimation drifted high",
            "de": "SoC-Schätzung driftet hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regen_strategy_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regen braking strategy off-target",
            "de": "Regen-Brems-Strategie versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C31",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Inverter B Cooling System Performance",
        "de": "Wechselrichter B Kühlsystem Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inverter B cooling system does not maintain target temperatures under load. Coolant flow reduced, fan failure, or radiator fouling.",
        "de": "Das Wechselrichter-B-Kühlsystem hält die Solltemperaturen unter Last nicht. Reduzierter Kühlmittelfluss, Lüfterausfall oder Verschmutzung des Kühlers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "inverter_b",
        "inverter_b_cooling"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittelfluss reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fan_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling fan failure",
            "de": "Kühlerlüfter-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C32",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cooling System A Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Kühlsystem A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery cooling system A does not maintain target temperatures under load. Coolant flow, radiator fouling, or pump output reduced.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batterie-Kühlsystem A hält die Solltemperaturen unter Last nicht. Kühlmittelfluss, Kühler-Verschmutzung oder Pumpenleistung reduziert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_system_a",
        "battery_pack_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "radiator_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radiator fins fouled",
            "de": "Kühler-Lamellen verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant pump output degraded",
            "de": "Kühlmittelpumpen-Leistung nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C33",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C34",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C35",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C36",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C37",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C38",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C39",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C3A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor A Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C3B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor A High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C3C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor A sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C3D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C3E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C3F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor B Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C40",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor B High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C41",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor B sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C42",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C43",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C44",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C45",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C46",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C47",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump A reports a control circuit/open condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C48",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump A reports a control circuit low condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal motor short",
            "de": "Interner Motor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C49",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump A reports a control circuit high condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor",
            "de": "Offener Motor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C4A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Control Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump A reports a control performance condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded",
            "de": "Pumpenleistung nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C4B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump A reports a supply voltage circuit/open condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis offen\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C4C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump A reports a supply voltage circuit low condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis niedrig\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_collapse",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply rail collapsed",
            "de": "Versorgungspfad bricht ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C4D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump A reports a supply voltage circuit high condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis hoch\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alt_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C4E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Position Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for drive motor A position sensor exceeds the calibrated learning window. Sensor or rotor mechanism out of nominal range.",
        "de": "Der für den Positionssensor des Antriebsmotors A erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Sensor oder Rotor-Mechanik außerhalb des Nennbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mechanical_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical drift in rotor mounting",
            "de": "Mechanische Drift in der Rotor-Befestigung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C4F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Position Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for drive motor B position sensor exceeds the calibrated learning window. Sensor or rotor mechanism out of nominal range.",
        "de": "Der für den Positionssensor des Antriebsmotors B erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Sensor oder Rotor-Mechanik außerhalb des Nennbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mechanical_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical drift in rotor mounting",
            "de": "Mechanische Drift in der Rotor-Befestigung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C50",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel A of drive motor A reports a circuit fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal A des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C51",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel A of drive motor A reports a range/performance fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal A des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C52",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel A of drive motor A reports a circuit low fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal A des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C53",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel A of drive motor A reports a circuit high fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal A des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C54",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel A of drive motor A reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal A des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C55",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel A of drive motor B reports a circuit fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal A des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C56",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel A of drive motor B reports a range/performance fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal A des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C57",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel A of drive motor B reports a circuit low fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal A des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C58",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel A of drive motor B reports a circuit high fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal A des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C59",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel A of drive motor B reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal A des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C5A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel B of drive motor A reports a circuit fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal B des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C5B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel B of drive motor A reports a range/performance fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal B des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C5C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel B of drive motor A reports a circuit low fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal B des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C5D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel B of drive motor A reports a circuit high fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal B des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C5E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel B of drive motor A reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal B des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C5F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel B of drive motor B reports a circuit fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal B des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C60",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel B of drive motor B reports a range/performance fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal B des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C61",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel B of drive motor B reports a circuit low fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal B des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C62",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel B of drive motor B reports a circuit high fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal B des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C63",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel B of drive motor B reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Phase commutation feedback impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal B des Antriebsmotors B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Phasen-Kommutierungs-Rückmeldung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C64",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator position sensor channel A reports a circuit fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Positionssensor-Kanal A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C65",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator position sensor channel A reports a range/performance fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Positionssensor-Kanal A meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C66",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator position sensor channel A reports a circuit low fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Positionssensor-Kanal A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C67",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator position sensor channel A reports a circuit high fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Positionssensor-Kanal A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C68",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator position sensor channel A reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Positionssensor-Kanal A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C69",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator position sensor channel B reports a circuit fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Positionssensor-Kanal B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C6A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator position sensor channel B reports a range/performance fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Positionssensor-Kanal B meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C6B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator position sensor channel B reports a circuit low fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Positionssensor-Kanal B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C6C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator position sensor channel B reports a circuit high fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Positionssensor-Kanal B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C6D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Circuit B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor Stromkreis B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator position sensor channel B reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Positionssensor-Kanal B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C6E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the HV battery temperature sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_a",
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C6F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor B/C Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor B/C Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the HV battery temperature sensors B and C do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensoren B und C korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_b",
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C70",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor C/D Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor C/D Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the HV battery temperature sensors C and D do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensoren C und D korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_c",
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_d",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C71",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor D/E Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor D/E Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the HV battery temperature sensors D and E do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensoren D und E korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_d",
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_e",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C72",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor E/F Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor E/F Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the HV battery temperature sensors E and F do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensoren E und F korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_e",
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_f",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C73",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid Battery Pack Cooling Pump Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid-Batteriepack Kühlpumpe Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "BMS detects insufficient flow from the battery cooling pump despite commanded operation, indicating mechanical degradation or air pocket.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt trotz Ansteuerung unzureichenden Durchfluss der Batteriekühlpumpe, Hinweis auf mechanische Alterung oder Lufteinschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_cooling_pump",
        "coolant_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump worn",
            "de": "Pumpe verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_in_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air trapped in cooling circuit",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C74",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B Control Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump B control reports a performance fault. Pump output does not match commanded duty.",
        "de": "Die Steuerung der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Verhaltens-Fehler. Pumpenleistung passt nicht zur angeforderten Ansteuerung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded",
            "de": "Pumpenleistung nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C75",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Discharge Time Too Short",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Entlade-Zeit zu kurz"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system discharge time is shorter than the calibrated window. Indicates short circuit or low resistance path.",
        "de": "Die Entlade-Zeit des HV-Batteriesystems ist kürzer als das kalibrierte Fenster. Deutet auf Kurzschluss oder Pfad mit niedrigem Widerstand hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_system",
        "discharge_resistor",
        "main_contactors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_circuit_dc_link",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short on DC-link",
            "de": "Kurzschluss am Zwischenkreis"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "resistor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge resistor shorted",
            "de": "Lade-Widerstand kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C76",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Discharge Time Too Long",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Entlade-Zeit zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system discharge time is longer than the calibrated window. Indicates high resistance, weak contactor, or aged components.",
        "de": "Die Entlade-Zeit des HV-Batteriesystems ist länger als das kalibrierte Fenster. Deutet auf hohen Widerstand, schwaches Schütz oder gealterte Komponenten hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_system",
        "discharge_resistor",
        "main_contactors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased resistance in path",
            "de": "Erhöhter Widerstand im Pfad"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contactor_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil weakening",
            "de": "Schützspule schwächer werdend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C77",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Precharge Time Too Short",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Zeit zu kurz"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system precharge time is shorter than the calibrated window. Indicates short circuit or low resistance path.",
        "de": "Die Vorlade-Zeit des HV-Batteriesystems ist kürzer als das kalibrierte Fenster. Deutet auf Kurzschluss oder Pfad mit niedrigem Widerstand hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_system",
        "precharge_resistor",
        "main_contactors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_circuit_dc_link",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short on DC-link",
            "de": "Kurzschluss am Zwischenkreis"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "resistor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge resistor shorted",
            "de": "Lade-Widerstand kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C78",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Precharge Time Too Long",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Zeit zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system precharge time is longer than the calibrated window. Indicates high resistance, weak contactor, or aged components.",
        "de": "Die Vorlade-Zeit des HV-Batteriesystems ist länger als das kalibrierte Fenster. Deutet auf hohen Widerstand, schwaches Schütz oder gealterte Komponenten hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_system",
        "precharge_resistor",
        "main_contactors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased resistance in path",
            "de": "Erhöhter Widerstand im Pfad"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contactor_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil weakening",
            "de": "Schützspule schwächer werdend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C79",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Too High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A-Wechselrichter Spannung zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A inverter DC-link voltage exceeds the protection threshold. Regenerative braking overshoot or BMS regulation fault.",
        "de": "Die DC-Link-Spannung des Antriebsmotor-A-Wechselrichters überschreitet die Schutzschwelle. Überschwingen beim Rekuperieren oder BMS-Regelfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter",
        "dc_link_capacitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regenerative braking overshoot",
            "de": "Überschwingen beim Rekuperieren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bms_regulation",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS regulation outside calibration",
            "de": "BMS-Regelung außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C7A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Too High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B-Wechselrichter Spannung zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor B inverter DC-link voltage exceeds the protection threshold. Regenerative braking overshoot or BMS regulation fault.",
        "de": "Die DC-Link-Spannung des Antriebsmotor-B-Wechselrichters überschreitet die Schutzschwelle. Überschwingen beim Rekuperieren oder BMS-Regelfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter",
        "dc_link_capacitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regenerative braking overshoot",
            "de": "Überschwingen beim Rekuperieren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bms_regulation",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS regulation outside calibration",
            "de": "BMS-Regelung außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C7B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Voltage Too High",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Spannung zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator inverter DC-link voltage exceeds the protection threshold. Regenerative braking overshoot or BMS regulation fault.",
        "de": "Die DC-Link-Spannung des Generator-Wechselrichters überschreitet die Schutzschwelle. Überschwingen beim Rekuperieren oder BMS-Regelfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter",
        "dc_link_capacitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regenerative braking overshoot",
            "de": "Überschwingen beim Rekuperieren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bms_regulation",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS regulation outside calibration",
            "de": "BMS-Regelung außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C7C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor G Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor G reports a circuit fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C7D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor G Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor G reports a range/performance fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C7E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor G Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor G reports a circuit low fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C7F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor G Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor G reports a circuit high fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C80",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor G Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor G reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C81",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor H Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor H Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor H reports a circuit fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor H meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C82",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor H Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor H Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor H reports a range/performance fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor H meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C83",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor H Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor H Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor H reports a circuit low fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor H meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C84",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor H Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor H Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor H reports a circuit high fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor H meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C85",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor H Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor H Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor H reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor H meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C86",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor F/G Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor F/G Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the HV battery temperature sensors F and G do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensoren F und G korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_f",
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_g",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C87",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor G/H Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor G/H Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the HV battery temperature sensors G and H do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensoren G und H korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_g",
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_h",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C88",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor I Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor I Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor I reports a circuit fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor I meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_i",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C89",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor I Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor I Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor I reports a range/performance fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor I meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_i",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C8A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor I Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor I Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor I reports a circuit low fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor I meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_i",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C8B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor I Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor I Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor I reports a circuit high fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor I meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_i",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C8C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor I Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor I Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor I reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor I meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_i",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C8D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor J Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor J Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor J reports a circuit fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor J meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_j",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C8E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor J Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor J Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor J reports a range/performance fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor J meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_j",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C8F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor J Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor J Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor J reports a circuit low fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor J meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_j",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C90",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor J Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor J Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor J reports a circuit high fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor J meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_j",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C91",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor J Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor J Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor J reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor J meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_j",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C92",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor K Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor K Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor K reports a circuit fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor K meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_k",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C93",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor K Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor K Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor K reports a range/performance fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor K meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_k",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C94",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor K Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor K Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor K reports a circuit low fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor K meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_k",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C95",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor K Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor K Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor K reports a circuit high fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor K meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_k",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C96",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor K Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor K Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor K reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor K meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_k",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C97",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor L Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor L Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor L reports a circuit fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor L meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_l",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C98",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor L Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor L Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor L reports a range/performance fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor L meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_l",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C99",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor L Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor L Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor L reports a circuit low fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor L meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_l",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C9A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor L Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor L Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor L reports a circuit high fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor L meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_l",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C9B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor L Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor L Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor L reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor L meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_l",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C9C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the 14 volt power module current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am 14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C9D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the 14 volt power module current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am 14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C9E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the 14 volt power module current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am 14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0C9F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the 14 volt power module current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am 14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CA0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor B Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent fault on the 14 volt power module current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch\" am 14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CA1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Control Module Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Steuermodul angeforderte MIL-Aktivierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor control module has requested MIL illumination via the inter-module bus. Underlying fault is reported separately.",
        "de": "Das Antriebsmotor-Steuermodul hat über den Intermodul-Bus eine MIL-Aktivierung angefordert. Der zugrundeliegende Fehler wird separat gemeldet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_control_module",
        "module_communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "downstream_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream fault in drive motor system",
            "de": "Untergeordneter Fehler im Antriebsmotor-System"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lag",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication lag",
            "de": "Kommunikations-Verzögerung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CA2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Step Down Voltage Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Tiefsetz-Spannung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter step-down (buck) voltage performance is outside calibration. Output voltage does not match commanded value.",
        "de": "Die Tiefsetz-Spannungsleistung des DC/DC-Wandlers liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung. Ausgangsspannung passt nicht zum Sollwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_step_down"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Regler-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load mismatch",
            "de": "Last-Fehlanpassung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CA3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Step Up Voltage Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Hochsetz-Spannung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter step-up (boost) voltage performance is outside calibration. Output voltage does not match commanded value.",
        "de": "Die Hochsetz-Spannungsleistung des DC/DC-Wandlers liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung. Ausgangsspannung passt nicht zum Sollwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_step_up"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Regler-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load mismatch",
            "de": "Last-Fehlanpassung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CA4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Charging Voltage High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Ladespannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery charging voltage exceeds the safe upper limit. Risk of cell damage from overvoltage.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batterie-Ladespannung überschreitet das sichere obere Limit. Gefahr für Zellschäden durch Überspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charger_regulation",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charger regulation off",
            "de": "Lader-Regelung versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bms_disagrees",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS disagrees with charger setpoint",
            "de": "BMS widerspricht dem Lader-Sollwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CA5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Discharging Voltage High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Entladespannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery discharging voltage exceeds the expected window. Open circuit voltage too high under load.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batterie-Entladespannung überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Leerlaufspannung unter Last zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "soc_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "State of charge near full",
            "de": "Ladezustand nahe voll"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regen_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regen braking overshoot",
            "de": "Überschwingen beim Rekuperieren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CA6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Charging Current High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Ladestrom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery charging current exceeds the safe upper limit. Risk of cell damage from overcurrent.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Ladestrom überschreitet das sichere obere Limit. Gefahr für Zellschäden durch Überstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charger_overcurrent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charger output current too high",
            "de": "Lader-Ausgangsstrom zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CA7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Discharging Current High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Entladestrom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery discharging current exceeds the safe upper limit. Risk of cell damage from sustained overcurrent.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Entladestrom überschreitet das sichere obere Limit. Gefahr für Zellschäden durch anhaltenden Überstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_too_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load demand too high",
            "de": "Lastanforderung zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "torque_request_excessive",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive torque request",
            "de": "Übermäßige Drehmomentanforderung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CA8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor M Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor M Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor M reports a circuit fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor M meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_m",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CA9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor M Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor M Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor M reports a range/performance fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor M meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_m",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CAA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor M Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor M Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor M reports a circuit low fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor M meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_m",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CAB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor M Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor M Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor M reports a circuit high fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor M meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_m",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CAC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor M Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor M Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor M reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor M meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_m",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CAD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor N Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor N Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor N reports a circuit fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor N meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_n",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CAE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor N Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor N Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor N reports a range/performance fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor N meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_n",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CAF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor N Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor N Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor N reports a circuit low fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor N meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_n",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CB0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Below Threshold",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannung unter Schwellwert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter output voltage on the 12 V side falls below the operating threshold while operation is commanded, suggesting partial converter failure.",
        "de": "Die Ausgangsspannung des DC/DC-Wandlers auf der 12-V-Seite unterschreitet im aktiven Betrieb den Schwellwert, Hinweis auf teilweisen Wandlerausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_dc_converter",
        "low_voltage_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "converter_partial_fail",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Converter partial failure",
            "de": "Wandler teilweise ausgefallen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CB1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor N Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor N Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor N reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor N meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_n",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CB2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor O Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor O Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor O reports a circuit fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor O meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_o",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CB3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor O Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor O Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor O reports a range/performance fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor O meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_o",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CB4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor O Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor O Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor O reports a circuit low fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor O meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_o",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CB5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor O Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor O Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor O reports a circuit high fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor O meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_o",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CB6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor O Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor O Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor O reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor O meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_o",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CB7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor P Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor P Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor P reports a circuit fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor P meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_p",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CB8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor P Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor P Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor P reports a range/performance fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor P meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_p",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CB9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor P Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor P Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor P reports a circuit low fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor P meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_p",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CBA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor P Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor P Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor P reports a circuit high fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor P meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_p",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CBB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Temperature Sensor P Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Temperatursensor P Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery temperature sensor P reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault. Cell-group temperature monitoring impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Temperatursensor P meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Zellgruppen-Temperaturüberwachung auf diesem Kanal ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_temp_sensor_p",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CBC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor a coolant temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor A Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CBD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the drive motor a coolant temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor A Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CBE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the drive motor a coolant temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor A Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CBF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the drive motor a coolant temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Antriebsmotor A Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CC0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent fault on the drive motor a coolant temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch\" am Antriebsmotor A Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CC1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Coolant Pump Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A coolant pump reports a control circuit/open condition. Motor cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Motor-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_coolant_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CC2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Coolant Pump Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A coolant pump reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Motor cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Motor-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_coolant_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded",
            "de": "Pumpenleistung nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CC3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Coolant Pump Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A coolant pump reports a control circuit low condition. Motor cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Motor-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_coolant_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor internal short",
            "de": "Motor intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CC4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Coolant Pump Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A coolant pump reports a control circuit high condition. Motor cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Motor-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_coolant_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor",
            "de": "Offener Motor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CC5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "14 Volt Power Module Current Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "14-Volt-Leistungsmodul Stromsensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the 14V power module current sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der 14-Volt-Leistungsmodul-Stromsensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm14v_current_sensor_a",
        "pm14v_current_sensor_b",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CC6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Open Request Switch Wake-Up Circuit",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Wake-Up-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A open request switch wake-up circuit reports a fault. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Wake-Up-Stromkreis der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Fehler. Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wake-up switch failed",
            "de": "Wake-Up-Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CC7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Open Request Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A open request switch circuit reports a fault. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Fehler. Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CC8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Open Request Switch Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A open request switch circuit performance reports a fault. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis Verhalten der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Fehler. Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CC9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Open Request Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A open request switch circuit low reports a fault. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis niedrig der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Fehler. Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Schalter geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CCA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Open Request Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A open request switch circuit high reports a fault. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis hoch der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Fehler. Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck open",
            "de": "Schalter offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CCB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Open Request Switch Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A open request switch circuit intermittent/erratic reports a fault. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Fehler. Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CCC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A position sensor reports a position sensor circuit fault. Door state cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Fehler \"Positionssensor Stromkreis\". Der Klappenzustand kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CCD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Position Sensor Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Positionssensor Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A position sensor reports a performance fault. Door state cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Fehler \"Positionssensor Stromkreis Verhalten\". Der Klappenzustand kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mechanism_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanism loose",
            "de": "Mechanismus lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CCE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A position sensor reports a low fault. Door state cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Fehler \"Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig\". Der Klappenzustand kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CCF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A position sensor reports a high fault. Door state cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Fehler \"Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch\". Der Klappenzustand kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CD0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AC Plug Voltage Sense Circuit",
        "de": "AC-Ladestecker Spannungserfassung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On-board charger detects fault in the AC plug voltage sense circuit, used to verify mains voltage during charging.",
        "de": "Das Onboard-Ladegerät erkennt einen Fehler in der Spannungserfassung des AC-Ladesteckers, die zur Überprüfung der Netzspannung beim Laden dient."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "on_board_charger",
        "charge_port"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charger_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "On-board charger internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler des Onboard-Ladegeräts"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CD1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Unlock Control Circuit",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A unlock control reports a unlock control circuit condition. Door cannot be commanded to unlock reliably.",
        "de": "Die Entriegelungs-Steuerung der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Zustand \"Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis\". Die Klappe kann nicht zuverlässig zur Entriegelung angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unlock actuator failed",
            "de": "Entriegelungs-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CD2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Unlock Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A unlock control reports a unlock control circuit performance condition. Door cannot be commanded to unlock reliably.",
        "de": "Die Entriegelungs-Steuerung der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Zustand \"Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis Verhalten\". Die Klappe kann nicht zuverlässig zur Entriegelung angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slower than expected",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion langsamer als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CD3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Unlock Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A unlock control reports a unlock control circuit low condition. Door cannot be commanded to unlock reliably.",
        "de": "Die Entriegelungs-Steuerung der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Zustand \"Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Klappe kann nicht zuverlässig zur Entriegelung angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator internal short",
            "de": "Aktuator intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CD4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door A Unlock Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe A Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door A unlock control reports a unlock control circuit high condition. Door cannot be commanded to unlock reliably.",
        "de": "Die Entriegelungs-Steuerung der Lade-Port-Klappe A meldet einen Zustand \"Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Klappe kann nicht zuverlässig zur Entriegelung angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_a_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator",
            "de": "Offener Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CD5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CD6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CD7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CD8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CD9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CDA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit C Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel C of drive motor A reports a circuit fault.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal C des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CDB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit C Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel C of drive motor A reports a range/performance fault.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal C des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CDC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel C of drive motor A reports a circuit low fault.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal C des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CDD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit C Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel C of drive motor A reports a circuit high fault.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal C des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CDE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Position Sensor Circuit C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Positionssensor Stromkreis C Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor channel C of drive motor A reports a circuit intermittent/erratic fault.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor-Kanal C des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CDF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve A reports a control circuit/open condition. Coolant routing to battery sections may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung zu den Batterieabschnitten kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve actuator",
            "de": "Offener Ventil-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CE0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve A Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve A reports a performance/stuck off condition. Coolant routing to battery sections may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung zu den Batterieabschnitten kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CE1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve A Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve A reports a stuck on condition. Coolant routing to battery sections may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung zu den Batterieabschnitten kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ventil offen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CE2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve A reports a control circuit low condition. Coolant routing to battery sections may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung zu den Batterieabschnitten kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil internal short",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CE3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve A reports a control circuit high condition. Coolant routing to battery sections may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung zu den Batterieabschnitten kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CE4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve Position Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant control valve position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CE5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant control valve position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CE6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant control valve position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CE7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant control valve position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CE8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant control valve position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CE9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid electronics coolant pump A reports a control circuit/open condition. Power electronics cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CEA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump A Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid electronics coolant pump A reports a performance condition. Power electronics cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded",
            "de": "Pumpenleistung nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CEB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid electronics coolant pump A reports a control circuit low condition. Power electronics cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal motor short",
            "de": "Interner Motor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CEC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid electronics coolant pump A reports a control circuit high condition. Power electronics cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor",
            "de": "Offener Motor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump A Enable Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Aktivierungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid electronics coolant pump A reports a enable circuit condition. Power electronics cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in enable wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktivierungs-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Enable switch failed",
            "de": "Aktivierungs-Schalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CEE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev electronics coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CEF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev electronics coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CF0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the hybrid/ev electronics coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CF1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the hybrid/ev electronics coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CF2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev electronics coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CF3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Circuit /Open",
        "de": "Steuerpilot Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot signal (SAE J1772 / IEC 61851 charging) reports a circuit /open condition. EV charging handshake compromised.",
        "de": "Das Steuerpilot-Signal (SAE J1772 / IEC 61851 Ladung) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". EV-Lade-Handshake beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pilot wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pilot-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evse_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVSE charging cable disconnected",
            "de": "EVSE-Ladekabel getrennt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CF4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Steuerpilot Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot signal (SAE J1772 / IEC 61851 charging) reports a circuit range/performance condition. EV charging handshake compromised.",
        "de": "Das Steuerpilot-Signal (SAE J1772 / IEC 61851 Ladung) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". EV-Lade-Handshake beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pwm_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pilot PWM signal drifted",
            "de": "Pilot-PWM-Signal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CF5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuerpilot Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot signal (SAE J1772 / IEC 61851 charging) reports a circuit low condition. EV charging handshake compromised.",
        "de": "Das Steuerpilot-Signal (SAE J1772 / IEC 61851 Ladung) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". EV-Lade-Handshake beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pilot wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pilot-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evse_pull_down",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVSE pull-down active",
            "de": "EVSE-Pull-Down aktiv"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CF6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuerpilot Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot signal (SAE J1772 / IEC 61851 charging) reports a circuit high condition. EV charging handshake compromised.",
        "de": "Das Steuerpilot-Signal (SAE J1772 / IEC 61851 Ladung) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". EV-Lade-Handshake beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pilot wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Pilot-Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pull_down_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CF7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Steuerpilot Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot signal (SAE J1772 / IEC 61851 charging) reports a circuit intermittent/erratic condition. EV charging handshake compromised.",
        "de": "Das Steuerpilot-Signal (SAE J1772 / IEC 61851 Ladung) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". EV-Lade-Handshake beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pilot connector not seated",
            "de": "Pilot-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CF8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch A reports a circuit/open condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Schalter-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CF9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch A reports a range/performance condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CFA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch A reports a circuit low condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch shorted",
            "de": "Schalter kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CFB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch A Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch A reports a circuit high condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch open",
            "de": "Schalter offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CFC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch A reports a intermittent/erratic condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A meldet einen Zustand \"sporadisch/unsauber\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CFD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch A Stuck Off",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch A reports a stuck off condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts oxidised - high resistance",
            "de": "Kontakte oxidiert - hoher Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CFE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch A Stuck On",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch A reports a stuck on condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter A meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Kontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0CFF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump A is mechanically stuck or has stalled. Battery thermal management severely impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A sitzt mechanisch fest oder ist blockiert. Das Thermomanagement der Batterie ist stark beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_a",
        "battery_pack_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed",
            "de": "Pumpenrad verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D00",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Ventilation Switch Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging ventilation switch reports a circuit/open condition. Charging ventilation requirement signal compromised (used for indoor charging).",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Das Belüftungs-Anforderungs-Signal beim Laden ist beeinträchtigt (verwendet für Innen-Ladung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_ventilation_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Schalter-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D01",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Ventilation Switch Range/Performance",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging ventilation switch reports a range/performance condition. Charging ventilation requirement signal compromised (used for indoor charging).",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Das Belüftungs-Anforderungs-Signal beim Laden ist beeinträchtigt (verwendet für Innen-Ladung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_ventilation_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D02",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Charging System Voltage Out Of Range",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV Ladesystem Spannung außerhalb Bereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charging system detects mains voltage outside acceptable range during AC charging, preventing safe charge initiation.",
        "de": "Das Ladesystem erkennt eine Netzspannung außerhalb des zulässigen Bereichs beim AC-Laden und verhindert einen sicheren Ladestart."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "on_board_charger",
        "charge_port",
        "external_evse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evse_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVSE delivering wrong voltage",
            "de": "EVSE liefert falsche Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mains_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mains supply unstable",
            "de": "Netzversorgung instabil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D03",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Ventilation Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging ventilation switch reports a circuit high condition. Charging ventilation requirement signal compromised (used for indoor charging).",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Das Belüftungs-Anforderungs-Signal beim Laden ist beeinträchtigt (verwendet für Innen-Ladung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_ventilation_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch open",
            "de": "Schalter offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D04",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Ventilation Switch Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging ventilation switch reports a intermittent/erratic condition.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"sporadisch/unsauber\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_ventilation_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D05",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Ventilation Switch Stuck Off",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging ventilation switch reports a stuck off condition.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_ventilation_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Kontakte oxidiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D06",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Ventilation Switch Stuck On",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging ventilation switch reports a stuck on condition.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Ventilations-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_ventilation_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Kontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D07",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor A Circuit",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor A of the battery charging system reports a circuit condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failed",
            "de": "Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D08",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Charge Cord Fault",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV Ladekabel Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The on-board charger detects a fault on the charge cord pilot or proximity signal, preventing safe charging operation.",
        "de": "Das Onboard-Ladegerät erkennt einen Fehler am Pilot- oder Proximity-Signal des Ladekabels und verhindert einen sicheren Ladevorgang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port",
        "charge_cord"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cord_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge cord damaged",
            "de": "Ladekabel beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "port_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge port contamination",
            "de": "Ladeanschluss verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAE_J1772"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D09",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor A Stuck Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz A offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor A of the battery charging system reports a stuck open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"offen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Kontakte oxidiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil burned out",
            "de": "Spule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D0A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor A of the battery charging system reports a control circuit/open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D0B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor A Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz A Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor A of the battery charging system reports a control circuit range/performance condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D0C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor A of the battery charging system reports a control circuit low condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal coil short",
            "de": "Interner Spulen-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D0D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor A of the battery charging system reports a control circuit high condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D0E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor A Circuit",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor A of the battery charging system reports a circuit condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failed",
            "de": "Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D0F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor A Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz A geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor A of the battery charging system reports a stuck closed condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"geschlossen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Kontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D10",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor A Stuck Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz A offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor A of the battery charging system reports a stuck open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"offen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Kontakte oxidiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil burned out",
            "de": "Spule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D11",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor A of the battery charging system reports a control circuit/open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D12",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor A Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz A Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor A of the battery charging system reports a control circuit range/performance condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D13",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor A of the battery charging system reports a control circuit low condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal coil short",
            "de": "Interner Spulen-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D14",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor A of the battery charging system reports a control circuit high condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz A des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D15",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System A High Voltage Interlock CircuitCircuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem A HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV interlock circuit of battery charging system A reports a circuit/open condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladesystems A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_a_hv_interlock",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "interlock_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock chain interrupted",
            "de": "Verriegelungskette unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in interlock wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Verriegelungs-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D16",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System A High Voltage Interlock Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem A HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV interlock circuit of battery charging system A reports a performance condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladesystems A meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_a_hv_interlock",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "interlock_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock signal drifted",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Signal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D17",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System A High Voltage Interlock CircuitCircuit Low",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem A HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV interlock circuit of battery charging system A reports a circuit low condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladesystems A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_a_hv_interlock",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "interlock_grounded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock grounded",
            "de": "Verriegelung mit Masse verbunden"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D18",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System A High Voltage Interlock CircuitCircuit High",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem A HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV interlock circuit of battery charging system A reports a circuit high condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladesystems A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_a_hv_interlock",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pull_down_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D19",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System A High Voltage Interlock Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem A HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV interlock circuit of battery charging system A reports a intermittent/erratic condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladesystems A meldet einen Zustand \"sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_a_hv_interlock",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock connector not seated",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vibration affects contact",
            "de": "Vibration beeinflusst Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D1A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve B reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator",
            "de": "Offener Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D1B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve B Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve B reports a performance/stuck off condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten/festsitzend aus\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D1C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve B Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve B reports a stuck on condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ventil offen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D1D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve B reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil internal short",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D1E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve B reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D1F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Date/Time Synchronization Error",
        "de": "Steuermodul Datum/Zeit-Synchronisationsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module detects that its internal date/time clock has lost synchronization with the vehicle network. Required for charge scheduling and event logging.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul erkennt, dass seine interne Datums/Zeit-Uhr die Synchronisation mit dem Fahrzeugnetzwerk verloren hat. Erforderlich für Lade-Planung und Event-Logging."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "vehicle_network"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_disconnect",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery disconnect cleared internal clock",
            "de": "Batterieabklemmung löschte interne Uhr"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rtc_battery_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "RTC backup battery low",
            "de": "RTC-Backup-Batterie schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D20",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Output Voltage Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Ausgangsspannung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger A reports a output voltage performance condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader A meldet einen Zustand \"Ausgangsspannung Verhalten\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output regulator drifted",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Regler driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load mismatch",
            "de": "Last-Fehlanpassung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D21",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Output Voltage Too Low",
        "de": "Batterielader A Ausgangsspannung zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger A reports a output voltage too low condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader A meldet einen Zustand \"Ausgangsspannung zu niedrig\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_too_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load exceeds charger capacity",
            "de": "Last übersteigt Lader-Kapazität"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_loss",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased internal loss",
            "de": "Erhöhte interne Verluste"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D22",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Output Current Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Ausgangsstrom Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger A reports a output current performance condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader A meldet einen Zustand \"Ausgangsstrom Verhalten\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output current characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Ausgangsstrom-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_change",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load impedance changed",
            "de": "Last-Impedanz verändert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D23",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Output Shorted",
        "de": "Batterielader A Ausgang kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger A reports a output shorted condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader A meldet einen Zustand \"Ausgang kurzgeschlossen\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "downstream_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream short circuit",
            "de": "Kurzschluss stromabwärts"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in charger output",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Lader-Ausgang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D24",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Batterielader A Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger A reports temperature above the safety threshold. Sustained high load or cooling failure.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader A meldet eine Temperatur über der Sicherheitsschwelle. Anhaltend hohe Last oder Kühlungsausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a",
        "battery_charger_a_cooling"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high charging current",
            "de": "Anhaltend hoher Ladestrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charger cooling failure",
            "de": "Lader-Kühlung-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D25",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger System Precharge Time Too Short",
        "de": "Batterielade-System Vorlade-Zeit zu kurz"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger system precharge time is shorter than the calibrated minimum. Indicates short on DC-link or low precharge resistance.",
        "de": "Die Vorlade-Zeit des Batterielade-Systems ist kürzer als das kalibrierte Minimum. Deutet auf Kurzschluss am Zwischenkreis oder niedrigen Vorlade-Widerstand hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_precharge_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dc_link_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short on DC-link",
            "de": "Kurzschluss am Zwischenkreis"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "precharge_resistor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Precharge resistor shorted",
            "de": "Vorlade-Widerstand kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D26",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger System Precharge Time Too Long",
        "de": "Batterielade-System Vorlade-Zeit zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger system precharge time exceeds the calibrated maximum. Indicates high resistance, capacitor degradation, or weak contactor.",
        "de": "Die Vorlade-Zeit des Batterielade-Systems überschreitet das kalibrierte Maximum. Deutet auf hohen Widerstand, Kondensator-Verschlechterung oder schwaches Schütz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_precharge_circuit",
        "dc_link_capacitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased resistance in precharge path",
            "de": "Erhöhter Widerstand im Vorlade-Pfad"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "capacitor_degraded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Capacitor degraded",
            "de": "Kondensator verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D27",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Input Voltage Too Low",
        "de": "Batterielader Eingangsspannung zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger reports input input voltage too low condition. EVSE/AC mains supply may be out of specification.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader meldet einen Eingangs-Zustand \"Eingangsspannung zu niedrig\". EVSE/Netzversorgung kann außerhalb der Spezifikation sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger",
        "ac_input_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mains_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mains voltage below spec",
            "de": "Netzspannung unter Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_filter_loss",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input filter increased loss",
            "de": "Eingangsfilter mit erhöhten Verlusten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D28",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Input Voltage Too High",
        "de": "Batterielader Eingangsspannung zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger reports input input voltage too high condition. EVSE/AC mains supply may be out of specification.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader meldet einen Eingangs-Zustand \"Eingangsspannung zu hoch\". EVSE/Netzversorgung kann außerhalb der Spezifikation sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger",
        "ac_input_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mains_voltage_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mains voltage above spec",
            "de": "Netzspannung über Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator drifted high",
            "de": "Regler driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D29",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Input Current Too Low",
        "de": "Batterielader Eingangsstrom zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger reports input input current too low condition. EVSE/AC mains supply may be out of specification.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader meldet einen Eingangs-Zustand \"Eingangsstrom zu niedrig\". EVSE/Netzversorgung kann außerhalb der Spezifikation sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger",
        "ac_input_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load demand low",
            "de": "Lastbedarf niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted low",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D2A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Input Current Too High",
        "de": "Batterielader Eingangsstrom zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger reports input input current too high condition. EVSE/AC mains supply may be out of specification.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader meldet einen Eingangs-Zustand \"Eingangsstrom zu hoch\". EVSE/Netzversorgung kann außerhalb der Spezifikation sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger",
        "ac_input_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load demand exceeds available current",
            "de": "Lastbedarf übersteigt verfügbaren Strom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_filter_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input filter short circuit",
            "de": "Eingangsfilter-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D2B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Indicator Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Anzeige Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot indicator control circuit is open. Indicator cannot illuminate to show charging state.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis Steuerpilot-Anzeige ist unterbrochen. Die Anzeige kann den Ladezustand nicht anzeigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_indicator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in indicator wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Anzeige-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_burnt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp burnt out",
            "de": "Anzeige-Lampe durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D2C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Status Indicator A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Ladestatus-Anzeige A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge status indicator a control circuit is open. Indicator cannot illuminate to show charging state.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis Ladestatus-Anzeige A ist unterbrochen. Die Anzeige kann den Ladezustand nicht anzeigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_status_indicator_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in indicator wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Anzeige-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_burnt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp burnt out",
            "de": "Anzeige-Lampe durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D2D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor a inverter voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D2E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the drive motor a inverter voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D2F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the drive motor a inverter voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D30",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the drive motor a inverter voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D31",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor a inverter voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D32",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter A Over Temperature",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler A Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DC/DC converter A reports junction temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained load or cooling failure.",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler A meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltende Last oder Kühlungsausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high load",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Converter cooling failure",
            "de": "Wandler-Kühlung-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D33",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DC/DC converter output current exceeds the safe maximum. Load too high or short downstream.",
        "de": "Der DC/DC-Wandler-Ausgangsstrom überschreitet das sichere Maximum. Last zu hoch oder Kurzschluss stromabwärts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_too_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load demand too high",
            "de": "Lastbedarf zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_downstream",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short circuit downstream",
            "de": "Kurzschluss stromabwärts"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D34",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Current",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie System-Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system current reports a current condition.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Systemstrom meldet einen Zustand \"Strom\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_system_current_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_calc_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calculated current outside expected range",
            "de": "Berechneter Strom außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D35",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Current Unstable",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie System-Strom instabil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system current reports a current unstable condition.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Systemstrom meldet einen Zustand \"Strom instabil\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_system_current_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_oscillation",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load oscillation",
            "de": "Last-Oszillation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal noisy",
            "de": "Sensorsignal verrauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D36",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Current Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie System-Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system current reports a current low condition.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Systemstrom meldet einen Zustand \"Strom niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_system_current_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load lower than expected",
            "de": "Last niedriger als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted low",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D37",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Current High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie System-Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery system current exceeds the safe upper limit. Sustained overcurrent or sensor drift.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batterie-Systemstrom überschreitet das sichere obere Limit. Anhaltender Überstrom oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_system_current_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load overload",
            "de": "Last-Überlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted high",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D38",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Current Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger a input current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader A Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D39",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger a input current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader A Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D3A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger a input current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader A Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D3B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger a input current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader A Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D3C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Current Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger a input current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader A Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D3D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangsspannungssensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader A Eingangsspannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D3E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangsspannungssensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader A Eingangsspannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D3F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangsspannungssensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader A Eingangsspannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D40",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangsspannungssensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader A Eingangsspannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D41",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangsspannungssensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader A Eingangsspannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D42",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Voltage Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger 14 volt output voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D43",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Voltage Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger 14 volt output voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D44",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Voltage Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger 14 volt output voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D45",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Voltage Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger 14 volt output voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D46",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Voltage Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger 14 volt output voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D47",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Current Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger 14 volt output current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D48",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger 14 volt output current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D49",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger 14 volt output current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D4A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger 14 volt output current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D4B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Current Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger 14 volt output current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader 14-Volt-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D4C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Voltage Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger hybrid/ev battery output voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D4D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Voltage Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger hybrid/ev battery output voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D4E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Voltage Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger hybrid/ev battery output voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D4F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Voltage Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger hybrid/ev battery output voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D50",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Voltage Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger hybrid/ev battery output voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsspannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D51",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Current Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger hybrid/ev battery output current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D52",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger hybrid/ev battery output current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D53",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger hybrid/ev battery output current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D54",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger hybrid/ev battery output current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D55",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Current Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger hybrid/ev battery output current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Ausgangsstromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D56",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Proximity Detection Circuit A",
        "de": "Annäherungs-Erkennung Stromkreis A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The proximity detection circuit A (SAE J1772 PD signal) reports a circuit a condition. Charging cable plug detection impaired.",
        "de": "Der Annäherungs-Erkennungs-Stromkreis A (SAE-J1772-PD-Signal) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis A\". Die Erkennung des eingesteckten Ladekabels ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "proximity_detection_a",
        "charge_inlet_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inlet_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge inlet contacts dirty",
            "de": "Lade-Eingangskontakte verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D57",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Proximity Detection Circuit A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Annäherungs-Erkennung Stromkreis A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The proximity detection circuit A (SAE J1772 PD signal) reports a circuit a range/performance condition. Charging cable plug detection impaired.",
        "de": "Der Annäherungs-Erkennungs-Stromkreis A (SAE-J1772-PD-Signal) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis A Bereich/Leistung\". Die Erkennung des eingesteckten Ladekabels ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "proximity_detection_a",
        "charge_inlet_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contact resistance drifted",
            "de": "Kontaktwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D58",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Proximity Detection Circuit A Low",
        "de": "Annäherungs-Erkennung Stromkreis A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The proximity detection circuit A (SAE J1772 PD signal) reports a circuit a low condition. Charging cable plug detection impaired.",
        "de": "Der Annäherungs-Erkennungs-Stromkreis A (SAE-J1772-PD-Signal) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis A niedrig\". Die Erkennung des eingesteckten Ladekabels ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "proximity_detection_a",
        "charge_inlet_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "plug_seated_force",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug seated forcefully",
            "de": "Stecker mit Kraft eingesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D59",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Proximity Detection Circuit A High",
        "de": "Annäherungs-Erkennung Stromkreis A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The proximity detection circuit A (SAE J1772 PD signal) reports a circuit a high condition. Charging cable plug detection impaired.",
        "de": "Der Annäherungs-Erkennungs-Stromkreis A (SAE-J1772-PD-Signal) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis A hoch\". Die Erkennung des eingesteckten Ladekabels ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "proximity_detection_a",
        "charge_inlet_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pull_down_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D5A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Proximity Detection Circuit A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Annäherungs-Erkennung Stromkreis A sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The proximity detection circuit A (SAE J1772 PD signal) reports a circuit a intermittent/erratic condition. Charging cable plug detection impaired.",
        "de": "Der Annäherungs-Erkennungs-Stromkreis A (SAE-J1772-PD-Signal) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis A sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Erkennung des eingesteckten Ladekabels ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "proximity_detection_a",
        "charge_inlet_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plug not seated firmly",
            "de": "Stecker nicht fest eingesteckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vibration affects contact",
            "de": "Vibration beeinflusst Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D5B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger 14 Volt Output Power Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader 14-Volt- Ausgangsleistung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 14 volt output power does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Charger characteristic drifted or load mismatch.",
        "de": "Die 14-Volt--Ausgangsleistung passt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz zum Sollwert. Lader-Kennlinie driftet oder Last-Fehlanpassung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_14v_output",
        "battery_charger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output regulator drifted",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Regler driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load mismatch",
            "de": "Last-Fehlanpassung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D5C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV Battery Output Power Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-Batterie- Ausgangsleistung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid/ev battery output power does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Charger characteristic drifted or load mismatch.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Batterie--Ausgangsleistung passt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz zum Sollwert. Lader-Kennlinie driftet oder Last-Fehlanpassung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_hv_output",
        "battery_charger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output regulator drifted",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Regler driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load mismatch",
            "de": "Last-Fehlanpassung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D5D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV System Discharge Time Too Short",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-System Entladezeit zu kurz"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger system DC-link discharge time is shorter than calibrated. Indicates short circuit in discharge path.",
        "de": "Die Zwischenkreis-Entladezeit des Batterielade-Systems ist kürzer als kalibriert. Deutet auf Kurzschluss im Entladepfad hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_discharge_circuit",
        "dc_link_capacitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_in_discharge",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short circuit in discharge path",
            "de": "Kurzschluss im Entladepfad"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "resistor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Discharge resistor shorted",
            "de": "Entlade-Widerstand kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D5E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Hybrid/EV System Discharge Time Too Long",
        "de": "Batterielader Hybrid/EV-System Entladezeit zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger system DC-link discharge time is longer than calibrated. Indicates discharge resistor failure or capacitor leakage.",
        "de": "Die Zwischenkreis-Entladezeit des Batterielade-Systems ist länger als kalibriert. Deutet auf Entlade-Widerstand-Ausfall oder Kondensator-Leckage hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_discharge_circuit",
        "dc_link_capacitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "resistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Discharge resistor open",
            "de": "Entlade-Widerstand offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "capacitor_leakage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Capacitor leakage",
            "de": "Kondensator-Leckage"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D5F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Sense Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 Mess-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 2 sense circuit reports a sense circuit/open fault.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Mess-Stromkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_2_sense",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tachometer_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan tachometer failed",
            "de": "Lüfter-Tachometer defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D60",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Sense Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 Mess Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 2 sense circuit reports a sense range/performance fault.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Mess Bereich/Leistung\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_2_sense",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback drifted",
            "de": "Rückmeldesignal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D61",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 2 sense circuit reports a sense circuit low fault.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Mess-Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_2_sense",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tachometer_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tachometer shorted",
            "de": "Tachometer kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D62",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 2 sense circuit reports a sense circuit high fault.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Mess-Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_2_sense",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tachometer_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open tachometer",
            "de": "Offener Tachometer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D63",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan 2 Sense Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter 2 Mess-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan 2 sense circuit reports a sense circuit intermittent/erratic fault.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters 2 meldet einen Fehler \"Mess-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_2_sense",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D64",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan Enable Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter Aktivierungs-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan enable circuit reports a enable circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_enable",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in enable wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktivierungs-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Enable switch failed",
            "de": "Aktivierungs-Schalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D65",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan Enable Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter Aktivierungs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan enable circuit reports a enable circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_enable",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Schalter geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D66",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cooling Fan Enable Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfter Aktivierungs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack cooling fan enable circuit reports a enable circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis des HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlerlüfters meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cooling_fan_enable",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pull_down_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D67",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Control Module A Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Steuermodul A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger control module A reports a performance fault. Internal self-tests fail or response time outside calibration.",
        "de": "Das Batterielade-Steuermodul A meldet einen Verhaltens-Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die Reaktionszeit liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_cm_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication degraded",
            "de": "Kommunikation verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D68",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage sensor A of the electric A/C compressor motor reports a generic fault. Compressor voltage feedback unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Spannungssensor A des elektrischen Klimakompressor-Motors meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Kompressor-Spannungs-Rückmeldung unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage sensor failed",
            "de": "Spannungssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D69",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage Sensor A Performance",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannungssensor A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a performance fault on the a/c compressor motor voltage sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Verhalten\" am Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannungssensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D6A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the a/c compressor motor voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D6B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the a/c compressor motor voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D6C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the a/c compressor motor voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D6D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage A Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannung A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor reports a voltage a low condition.",
        "de": "Der Klimakompressor-Motor meldet einen Zustand \"Spannung A niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High wiring resistance",
            "de": "Hoher Verkabelungs-Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D6E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage A High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor-Spannung A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor reports a voltage a high condition.",
        "de": "Der Klimakompressor-Motor meldet einen Zustand \"Spannung A hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Überspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage regulator drifted",
            "de": "Spannungsregler driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D6F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Current High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor-Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor reports a current high condition.",
        "de": "Der Klimakompressor-Motor meldet einen Zustand \"Strom hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "compressor_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compressor mechanical overload",
            "de": "Kompressor mechanisch überlastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase short",
            "de": "Phasen-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D70",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the a/c compressor control module internal temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_internal_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D71",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor A Performance",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a performance fault on the a/c compressor control module internal temperature sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Verhalten\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_internal_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D72",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the a/c compressor control module internal temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_internal_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D73",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the a/c compressor control module internal temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_internal_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D74",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the a/c compressor control module internal temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_internal_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D75",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Output Driver Temperature Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Endstufen-Temperatursensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the a/c compressor control module output driver temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Endstufen-Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_output_driver_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D76",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Output Driver Temperature Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Endstufen-Temperatursensor Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a performance fault on the a/c compressor control module output driver temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Verhalten\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Endstufen-Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_output_driver_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D77",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Output Driver Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Endstufen-Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the a/c compressor control module output driver temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Endstufen-Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_output_driver_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D78",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Output Driver Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Endstufen-Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the a/c compressor control module output driver temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Endstufen-Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_output_driver_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D79",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Output Driver Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Endstufen-Temperatursensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the a/c compressor control module output driver temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Endstufen-Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_output_driver_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D7A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase U Current Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor Phase U Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase U current of the a/c compressor motor reports a current low condition. Phase commutation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Klimakompressor-Motor meldet einen Zustand \"Strom niedrig\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D7B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase U Current High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor Phase U Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase U current of the a/c compressor motor reports a current high condition. Phase commutation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-Strom des Klimakompressor-Motor meldet einen Zustand \"Strom hoch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_u",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D7C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase V Current Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor Phase V Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase V current of the a/c compressor motor reports a current low condition. Phase commutation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Klimakompressor-Motor meldet einen Zustand \"Strom niedrig\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D7D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase V Current High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor Phase V Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase V current of the a/c compressor motor reports a current high condition. Phase commutation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-V-Strom des Klimakompressor-Motor meldet einen Zustand \"Strom hoch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_v",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D7E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase W Current Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor Phase W Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase W current of the a/c compressor motor reports a current low condition. Phase commutation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Klimakompressor-Motor meldet einen Zustand \"Strom niedrig\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D7F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase W Current High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor Phase W Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase W current of the a/c compressor motor reports a current high condition. Phase commutation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Phase-W-Strom des Klimakompressor-Motor meldet einen Zustand \"Strom hoch\". Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_w",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D80",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Input Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterielader-Eingang Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger input circuit reports a circuit/open condition. AC mains/EVSE input may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader-Eingangsstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die AC-Netz/EVSE-Eingangsversorgung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_input",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in input wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Eingangsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evse_disconnect",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVSE disconnected",
            "de": "EVSE getrennt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D81",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Input Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader-Eingang Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger input circuit reports a range/performance condition. AC mains/EVSE input may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader-Eingangsstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die AC-Netz/EVSE-Eingangsversorgung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_input",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "input_unstable",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input voltage unstable",
            "de": "Eingangsspannung instabil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D82",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Input Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader-Eingang Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger input circuit reports a circuit low condition. AC mains/EVSE input may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader-Eingangsstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die AC-Netz/EVSE-Eingangsversorgung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_input",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input voltage too low",
            "de": "Eingangsspannung zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D83",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Input Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader-Eingang Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger input circuit reports a circuit high condition. AC mains/EVSE input may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader-Eingangsstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die AC-Netz/EVSE-Eingangsversorgung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_input",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_voltage_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input voltage too high",
            "de": "Eingangsspannung zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D84",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Input Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader-Eingang Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger input circuit reports a circuit intermittent/erratic condition. AC mains/EVSE input may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader-Eingangsstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die AC-Netz/EVSE-Eingangsversorgung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_input",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D85",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging Output Voltage Too High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Ausgangsspannung zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charging output voltage exceeds the safe upper limit. Risk of cell damage from overvoltage during charging.",
        "de": "Die Batterielade-Ausgangsspannung überschreitet das sichere obere Limit. Gefahr für Zellschäden durch Überspannung beim Laden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger",
        "hv_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulation_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charger regulation off-target",
            "de": "Lader-Regelung versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage feedback lost",
            "de": "Spannungs-Rückmeldung verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D86",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Status Indicator Control Circuit A/Open",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige Steuerkreis A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit A of the battery charger coupler status indicator reports a control circuit/open condition. Charging status display impaired.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis A der Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Lade-Status-Anzeige beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_status_indicator_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in indicator wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Anzeige-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_burnt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp burnt out",
            "de": "Anzeige-Lampe durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D87",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Status Indicator Control Circuit A Low",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige Steuerkreis A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit A of the battery charger coupler status indicator reports a control circuit low condition. Charging status display impaired.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis A der Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Lade-Status-Anzeige beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_status_indicator_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp internal short",
            "de": "Lampe intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D88",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Status Indicator Control Circuit A High",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige Steuerkreis A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit A of the battery charger coupler status indicator reports a control circuit high condition. Charging status display impaired.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis A der Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Lade-Status-Anzeige beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_status_indicator_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open lamp",
            "de": "Offene Lampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D89",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Status Indicator Control Circuit B/Open",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige Steuerkreis B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit B of the battery charger coupler status indicator reports a control circuit/open condition. Charging status display impaired.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis B der Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Lade-Status-Anzeige beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_status_indicator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in indicator wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Anzeige-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_burnt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp burnt out",
            "de": "Anzeige-Lampe durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D8A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Status Indicator Control Circuit B Low",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige Steuerkreis B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit B of the battery charger coupler status indicator reports a control circuit low condition. Charging status display impaired.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis B der Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Lade-Status-Anzeige beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_status_indicator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp internal short",
            "de": "Lampe intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D8B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Status Indicator Control Circuit B High",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige Steuerkreis B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit B of the battery charger coupler status indicator reports a control circuit high condition. Charging status display impaired.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis B der Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Lade-Status-Anzeige beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_status_indicator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open lamp",
            "de": "Offene Lampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D8C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Status Indicator Control Circuit C/Open",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige Steuerkreis C Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit C of the battery charger coupler status indicator reports a control circuit/open condition. Charging status display impaired.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis C der Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Lade-Status-Anzeige beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_status_indicator_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in indicator wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Anzeige-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_burnt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp burnt out",
            "de": "Anzeige-Lampe durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D8D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Status Indicator Control Circuit C Low",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige Steuerkreis C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit C of the battery charger coupler status indicator reports a control circuit low condition. Charging status display impaired.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis C der Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Lade-Status-Anzeige beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_status_indicator_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp internal short",
            "de": "Lampe intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D8E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Status Indicator Control Circuit C High",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige Steuerkreis C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit C of the battery charger coupler status indicator reports a control circuit high condition. Charging status display impaired.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis C der Batterielader-Kopplungs-Status-Anzeige meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Lade-Status-Anzeige beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_status_indicator_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open lamp",
            "de": "Offene Lampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D8F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Cooling System Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Kühlsystem Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger A cooling system does not maintain target temperatures under load. Coolant flow reduced or fan failure.",
        "de": "Das Kühlsystem des Batterieladers A hält die Solltemperaturen unter Last nicht. Reduzierter Kühlmittelfluss oder Lüfterausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a",
        "battery_charger_a_cooling"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittelfluss reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fan_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling fan failure",
            "de": "Kühlerlüfter-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D90",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Input Frequency Incorrect",
        "de": "Batterielader-Eingangsfrequenz inkorrekt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger detects mains AC input frequency outside the calibrated window. EVSE frequency drift or wrong region selected.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader erkennt eine Netz-AC-Eingangsfrequenz außerhalb des kalibrierten Bereichs. EVSE-Frequenz-Drift oder falsche Regions-Wahl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_input"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mains_freq_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mains frequency outside spec",
            "de": "Netzfrequenz außerhalb der Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "region_setting",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong region setting in charger",
            "de": "Falsche Regions-Einstellung im Lader"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D91",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Lock Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coupler lock control circuit reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Der Verriegelungs-Steuerkreis der Batterielade-Kopplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_lock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open lock actuator",
            "de": "Offener Verriegelungs-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D92",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Lock Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coupler lock control circuit reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Verriegelungs-Steuerkreis der Batterielade-Kopplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_lock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator internal short",
            "de": "Aktuator intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D93",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Lock Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coupler lock control circuit reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Verriegelungs-Steuerkreis der Batterielade-Kopplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_lock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator",
            "de": "Offener Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D94",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Lock Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coupler lock control circuit reports a control circuit performance condition.",
        "de": "Der Verriegelungs-Steuerkreis der Batterielade-Kopplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_lock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slow",
            "de": "Aktuator reagiert langsam"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D95",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Unlock Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coupler unlock control circuit reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Der Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis der Batterielade-Kopplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open lock actuator",
            "de": "Offener Verriegelungs-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D96",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Unlock Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coupler unlock control circuit reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis der Batterielade-Kopplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator internal short",
            "de": "Aktuator intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D97",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Unlock Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coupler unlock control circuit reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis der Batterielade-Kopplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator",
            "de": "Offener Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D98",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Unlock Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coupler unlock control circuit reports a control circuit performance condition.",
        "de": "Der Entriegelungs-Steuerkreis der Batterielade-Kopplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slow",
            "de": "Aktuator reagiert langsam"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D99",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D9A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D9B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D9C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D9D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D9E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Coupler Lock Position Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader A Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger a coupler lock position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader A Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_coupler_lock_pos_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0D9F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Coupler Lock Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger a coupler lock position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader A Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_coupler_lock_pos_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DA0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Coupler Lock Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader A Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger a coupler lock position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader A Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_coupler_lock_pos_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DA1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Coupler Lock Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader A Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger a coupler lock position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader A Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_coupler_lock_pos_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DA2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Coupler Lock Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader A Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger a coupler lock position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader A Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_coupler_lock_pos_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DA3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor b inverter voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DA4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the drive motor b inverter voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DA5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the drive motor b inverter voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DA6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the drive motor b inverter voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DA7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor b inverter voltage sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DA8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage/Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriespannung/Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannung Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the HV battery voltage and drive motor A inverter voltage do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batteriespannung und der Wechselrichter-Spannung des Antriebsmotors A korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sensor",
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DA9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage/Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriespannung/Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannung Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the HV battery voltage and drive motor B inverter voltage do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batteriespannung und der Wechselrichter-Spannung des Antriebsmotors B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_voltage_sensor",
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DAA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Isolation Fault",
        "de": "Batterielade-System Isolationsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects an isolation fault in the battery charging system. HV insulation between charging path and chassis is degraded.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt einen Isolationsfehler im Batterielade-System. Die HV-Isolation zwischen Ladepfad und Karosserie ist verschlechtert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger",
        "hv_charging_cable",
        "isolation_monitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cable_chafe",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging cable insulation chafed",
            "de": "Ladekabel-Isolation gescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "moisture_ingress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Moisture in charging connector",
            "de": "Feuchtigkeit im Lade-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DAB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that overall cell balancing performance is below expectation. Multi-cell imbalance increases despite balancing efforts.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass die Gesamt-Zellbalancing-Leistung unter den Erwartungen liegt. Mehr-Zellen-Ungleichgewicht steigt trotz Balancing-Bemühungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack",
        "bms",
        "cell_balancing_circuits"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_circuits_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Multiple balancing circuits aged",
            "de": "Mehrere Balancing-Schaltkreise gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cells_severely_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells severely aged - capacity spread",
            "de": "Zellen stark gealtert - Kapazitäts-Streuung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DAC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit A",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit A reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis A meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DAD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit A Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis A dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit A reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis A meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DAE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit A Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis A dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit A reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis A meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DAF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit A reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis A meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DB0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit B",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit B reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis B meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DB1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit B Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis B dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit B reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis B meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DB2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit B Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis B dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit B reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis B meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DB3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit B reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis B meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DB4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit C",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit C reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis C meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DB5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit C Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis C dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit C reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis C meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DB6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit C Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis C dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit C reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis C meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DB7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit C Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit C reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis C meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DB8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit D",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit D reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis D meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_d",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DB9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit D Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis D dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit D reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis D meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_d",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DBA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit D Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis D dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit D reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis D meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_d",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DBB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit D Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis D Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit D reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis D meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_d",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DBC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit E",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit E reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis E meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_e",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DBD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit E Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis E dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit E reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis E meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_e",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DBE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit E Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis E dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit E reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis E meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_e",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DBF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit E Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis E Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit E reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis E meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_e",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DC0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit F",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit F reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis F meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_f",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DC1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit F Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis F dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit F reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis F meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_f",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DC2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit F Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis F dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit F reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis F meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_f",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DC3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit F Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis F Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit F reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis F meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_f",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DC4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit G",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit G reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis G meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_g",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DC5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit G Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis G dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit G reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis G meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_g",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DC6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit G Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis G dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit G reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis G meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_g",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DC7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit G Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis G Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit G reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis G meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_g",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DC8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit H",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit H reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis H meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_h",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DC9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit H Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis H dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit H reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis H meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_h",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DCA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit H Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis H dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit H reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis H meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_h",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DCB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit H Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis H Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit H reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis H meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_h",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DCC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit I",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis I"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit I reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis I meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_i",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DCD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit I Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis I dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit I reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis I meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_i",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DCE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit I Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis I dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit I reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis I meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_i",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DCF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit I Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis I Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit I reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis I meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_i",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DD0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit J",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit J reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis J meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_j",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DD1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit J Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis J dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit J reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis J meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_j",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DD2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit J Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis J dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit J reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis J meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_j",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DD3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit J Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis J Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit J reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis J meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_j",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DD4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit K",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit K reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis K meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_k",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DD5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit K Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis K dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit K reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis K meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_k",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DD6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit K Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis K dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit K reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis K meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_k",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DD7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit K Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis K Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit K reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis K meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_k",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DD8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit L",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit L reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis L meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_l",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DD9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit L Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis L dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit L reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis L meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_l",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DDA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit L Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis L dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit L reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis L meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_l",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DDB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit L Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis L Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit L reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis L meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_l",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DDC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit M",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis M"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit M reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis M meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_m",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DDD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit M Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis M dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit M reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis M meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_m",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DDE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit M Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis M dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit M reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis M meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_m",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DDF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit M Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis M Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit M reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis M meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_m",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DE0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit N",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis N"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit N reports a generic fault. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis N meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_n",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing circuit failed",
            "de": "Balancing-Schaltkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe cell imbalance",
            "de": "Starkes Zell-Ungleichgewicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DE1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit N Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis N dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit N reports a stuck on condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis N meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_n",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor stuck on",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor durchgeschaltet festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DE2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit N Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis N dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit N reports a stuck off condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis N meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_n",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "transistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing transistor open",
            "de": "Balancing-Transistor offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver IC failure",
            "de": "Treiber-IC-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DE3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cell Balancing Circuit N Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Zellbalancing-Stromkreis N Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell balancing circuit N reports a range/performance condition. Cell-group voltage equalization may be impaired on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Zellbalancing-Stromkreis N meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Zellgruppen-Spannungsangleichung auf diesem Kanal kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_cell_balancing_circuit_n",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Balancing characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Balancing-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DE4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Motor Over Temperature",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Motor Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump A motor reports temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained high load or cooling failure.",
        "de": "Der Motor der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A meldet Temperatur über der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hohe Last oder Kühlungsausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained pump load",
            "de": "Anhaltende Pumpenlast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DE5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Status Indicator B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Ladestatus-Anzeige B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge status indicator B control circuit is open. Indicator cannot illuminate to show charging state.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Ladestatus-Anzeige B ist unterbrochen. Die Anzeige kann den Ladezustand nicht anzeigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_status_indicator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in indicator wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Anzeige-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_burnt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp burnt out",
            "de": "Anzeige-Lampe durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DE6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cell Voltage Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Zellspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects at least one cell with voltage below the safe lower limit. Risk of cell damage from deep discharge.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt mindestens eine Zelle mit Spannung unter dem sicheren unteren Limit. Gefahr für Zellschäden durch Tiefentladung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell heavily aged - capacity reduced",
            "de": "Zelle stark gealtert - Kapazität reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deep_discharge",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deep discharge event",
            "de": "Tiefentladungs-Ereignis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          6000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          18
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DE7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Cell Voltage High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Zellspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects at least one cell with voltage above the safe upper limit. Risk of cell damage from overcharge.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt mindestens eine Zelle mit Spannung über dem sicheren oberen Limit. Gefahr für Zellschäden durch Überladung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "balancing_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell balancing failed - cell overcharged",
            "de": "Zell-Balancing fehlgeschlagen - Zelle überladen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_aged_capacity_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell with reduced capacity reaches voltage limit early",
            "de": "Zelle mit reduzierter Kapazität erreicht Spannungsgrenze früher"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          6000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          18
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DE8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve C reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator",
            "de": "Offener Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DE9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve C Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve C reports a performance/stuck off condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten/festsitzend aus\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DEA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve C Stuck On",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve C reports a stuck on condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ventil offen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DEB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve C reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil internal short",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DEC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant control valve C reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pedestrian Alert Control Module Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Fußgänger-Warnsystem-Steuermodul Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pedestrian alert (AVAS - Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System) control module reports a circuit/open condition. Acoustic warning at low speed for pedestrians may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das Fußgänger-Warnsystem-Steuermodul (AVAS) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die akustische Warnung für Fußgänger bei niedriger Geschwindigkeit kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pedestrian_alert_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in module control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Modul-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DEE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pedestrian Alert Control Module Circuit Low",
        "de": "Fußgänger-Warnsystem-Steuermodul Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pedestrian alert (AVAS - Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System) control module reports a circuit low condition. Acoustic warning at low speed for pedestrians may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das Fußgänger-Warnsystem-Steuermodul (AVAS) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die akustische Warnung für Fußgänger bei niedriger Geschwindigkeit kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pedestrian_alert_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal short",
            "de": "Modul intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DEF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pedestrian Alert Control Module Circuit High",
        "de": "Fußgänger-Warnsystem-Steuermodul Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pedestrian alert (AVAS - Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System) control module reports a circuit high condition. Acoustic warning at low speed for pedestrians may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das Fußgänger-Warnsystem-Steuermodul (AVAS) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die akustische Warnung für Fußgänger bei niedriger Geschwindigkeit kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pedestrian_alert_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open module input",
            "de": "Offener Moduleingang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DF0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DF1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DF2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DF3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DF4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DF5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DF6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DF7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DF8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DF9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Temperature Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the generator inverter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Generator-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DFA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U-V-W Current Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Generator Phase U-V-W Stromsensor Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the generator phase U, V and W current sensors do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Generator-Phase-U-, V- und W-Stromsensoren korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "generator_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "generator_phase_w_current_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between channels",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DFB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Exceeding Learn Limit",
        "de": "Generator-Position überschreitet Lerngrenze"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for generator position exceeds the calibrated learning window. Sensor or rotor mechanism out of nominal range.",
        "de": "Der für die Generator-Position erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Sensor oder Rotor-Mechanik außerhalb des Nennbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mechanical_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical drift in rotor mounting",
            "de": "Mechanische Drift in der Rotor-Befestigung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DFC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Position Sensor Not Learned",
        "de": "Generator-Positionssensor nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module has not learned the rotor position offset for the generator. Phase commutation cannot be optimised until learning completes.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät hat den Rotorlage-Versatz des Generators nicht angelernt. Die Phasen-Kommutierung kann erst nach Abschluss des Lernens optimiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_position_sensor",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DFD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coolant Control Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coolant control valve reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Das Batterielader-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coolant_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve actuator",
            "de": "Offener Ventil-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DFE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coolant Control Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coolant control valve reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Das Batterielader-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coolant_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil internal short",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0DFF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coolant Control Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the battery charger coolant control valve control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Batterielader-Kühlmittel-Steuerventils liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coolant_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E00",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase U current sensor reports a circuit fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-U-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E01",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase U current sensor reports a circuit range/performance fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-U-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E02",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase U current sensor reports a circuit low fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-U-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E03",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase U current sensor reports a circuit high fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-U-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E04",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase V Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase V current sensor reports a circuit fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-V-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E05",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase V Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase V current sensor reports a circuit range/performance fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-V-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E06",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase V Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase V current sensor reports a circuit low fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-V-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E07",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase V Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase V current sensor reports a circuit high fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-V-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E08",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase W Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase W current sensor reports a circuit fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-W-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E09",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase W Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase W current sensor reports a circuit range/performance fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-W-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E0A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase W Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase W current sensor reports a circuit low fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-W-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E0B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase W Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase W current sensor reports a circuit high fault.",
        "de": "Der Generator-Phase-W-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E0C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U-V-W Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Generator Phase U-V-W Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase U-V-W output reports a circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang des Generators meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_uvw",
        "generator_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open phase wire",
            "de": "Offene Phasenleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open generator winding",
            "de": "Offene Generator-Wicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E0D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U-V-W Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator Phase U-V-W Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase U-V-W output reports a circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang des Generators meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_uvw",
        "generator_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lowside_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-side switch open in inverter",
            "de": "Lowside-Schalter im Wechselrichter offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E0E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase U-V-W Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator Phase U-V-W Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator phase U-V-W output reports a circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Phase-U-V-W-Ausgang des Generators meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_uvw",
        "generator_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to high voltage",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit Hochspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open winding",
            "de": "Offene Wicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E0F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Power Supply A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Versorgung A Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator inverter power supply A circuit reports a circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis A des Generator-Wechselrichters meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E10",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Power Supply A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Versorgung A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator inverter power supply A circuit reports a circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis A des Generator-Wechselrichters meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_collapse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage collapsed",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung bricht ein"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E11",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Power Supply A Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Versorgung A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator inverter power supply A circuit reports a circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis A des Generator-Wechselrichters meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Stromaufwärtiger Regler-Überschwinger"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to higher voltage",
            "de": "Leitung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E12",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Heater A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant heater A reports a control circuit/open condition. Battery preheating may be impaired in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Batterie-Vorheizung kann bei Kälte beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_heater_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Heizungs-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E13",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Heater A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant heater A reports a control circuit low condition. Battery preheating may be impaired in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Batterie-Vorheizung kann bei Kälte beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_heater_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element internal short",
            "de": "Element intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E14",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Heater A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant heater A reports a control circuit high condition. Battery preheating may be impaired in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Batterie-Vorheizung kann bei Kälte beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_heater_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element open",
            "de": "Element offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E15",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Heater A Control Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer A Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant heater A reports a control performance condition. Battery preheating may be impaired in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten\". Die Batterie-Vorheizung kann bei Kälte beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_heater_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged - low output",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert - geringe Leistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E16",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Heater B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant heater B reports a control circuit/open condition. Battery preheating may be impaired in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Batterie-Vorheizung kann bei Kälte beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Heizungs-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E17",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Heater B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant heater B reports a control circuit low condition. Battery preheating may be impaired in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Batterie-Vorheizung kann bei Kälte beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element internal short",
            "de": "Element intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E18",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Heater B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant heater B reports a control circuit high condition. Battery preheating may be impaired in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Batterie-Vorheizung kann bei Kälte beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element open",
            "de": "Element offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E19",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Heater B Control Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer B Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant heater B reports a control performance condition. Battery preheating may be impaired in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Heizer B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten\". Die Batterie-Vorheizung kann bei Kälte beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged - low output",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert - geringe Leistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E1A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump B reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E1B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump B reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal motor short",
            "de": "Interner Motor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E1C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump B reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor",
            "de": "Offener Motor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E1D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump B Control Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump B reports a control performance condition.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded",
            "de": "Pumpenleistung nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E1E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump B Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for hybrid/ev battery pack coolant pump b reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe für hybrid/ev-batteriepaket-kühlmittelpumpe b meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Aktuator blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E1F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for hybrid/ev battery pack coolant pump a reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe für hybrid/ev-batteriepaket-kühlmittelpumpe a meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_pump_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Aktuator blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E20",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve A Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A Steuerkreis Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for hybrid/ev battery pack coolant control valve a reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe für hybrid/ev-batteriepaket-kühlmittel-steuerventil a meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Aktuator blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E21",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve B Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B Steuerkreis Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for hybrid/ev battery pack coolant control valve b reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe für hybrid/ev-batteriepaket-kühlmittel-steuerventil b meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Aktuator blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E22",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve C Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil C Steuerkreis Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for hybrid/ev battery pack coolant control valve c reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe für hybrid/ev-batteriepaket-kühlmittel-steuerventil c meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_coolant_valve_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Aktuator blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E23",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor G Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor G Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor g circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor G Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E24",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor G Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor G Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor g circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor G Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E25",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor G Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor G Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor g circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor G Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E26",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor G Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor G Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor g circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor G Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E27",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor G Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor G Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor g circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor G Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_g",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E28",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor H Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor H Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor h circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor H Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E29",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor H Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor H Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor h circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor H Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E2A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor H Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor H Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor h circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor H Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E2B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor H Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor H Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor h circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor H Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E2C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor Inverter Temperature Sensor H Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor H Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor inverter temperature sensor h circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Temperatursensor H Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_inverter_temp_sensor_h",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E2D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Hybrid/EV Battery Monitor Performance",
        "de": "Internes Steuermodul Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Monitor Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects an internal performance fault on the HV battery monitor processing. SOC/SOH calculations may be unreliable.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Verhaltens-Fehler bei der HV-Batterie-Monitor-Verarbeitung. SOC/SOH-Berechnungen können unzuverlässig sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_control_module",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal monitor processing fault",
            "de": "Interner Monitor-Verarbeitungs-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "data_inconsistent",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inconsistent data from sensor modules",
            "de": "Inkonsistente Daten von Sensor-Modulen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E2E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Fuse",
        "de": "Batterielader A Sicherung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger a fuse is open or blown. Charger output cannot deliver current.",
        "de": "Batterielader A Sicherung ist offen oder durchgebrannt. Lader-Ausgang kann keinen Strom liefern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse blown by short circuit",
            "de": "Sicherung durch Kurzschluss durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "downstream_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream short circuit",
            "de": "Kurzschluss stromabwärts"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E2F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage Fuse B",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Sicherung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high voltage fuse b is open or blown. HV branch B cannot conduct current.",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Sicherung B ist offen oder durchgebrannt. HV-Zweig B kann keinen Strom leiten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_fuse_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse blown by short circuit",
            "de": "Sicherung durch Kurzschluss durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "downstream_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream short circuit",
            "de": "Kurzschluss stromabwärts"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E30",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage Fuse C",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Sicherung C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high voltage fuse c is open or blown. HV branch C cannot conduct current.",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Sicherung C ist offen oder durchgebrannt. HV-Zweig C kann keinen Strom leiten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_fuse_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse blown by short circuit",
            "de": "Sicherung durch Kurzschluss durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "downstream_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream short circuit",
            "de": "Kurzschluss stromabwärts"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E31",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E32",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E33",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor A Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E34",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor A High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E35",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor A Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor A sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor a. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor A. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E36",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E37",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E38",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor B Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E39",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor B High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E3A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor B sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E3B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Coolant Pump Overspeed",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Kühlmittelpumpe Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery coolant pump exceeds the calibrated maximum speed. Mechanical load lost or rotor offset.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batterie-Kühlmittelpumpe überschreitet die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl. Mechanische Last verloren oder Rotor-Versatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load lost",
            "de": "Mechanische Last verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kreislauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E3C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Coolant Pump Underspeed",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Kühlmittelpumpe Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery coolant pump runs below the calibrated minimum speed. High mechanical resistance.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batterie-Kühlmittelpumpe läuft unter der kalibrierten Mindestdrehzahl. Hoher mechanischer Widerstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E3D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Indicator Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Anzeige Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the control pilot indicator control circuit is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Steuerkreis Steuerpilot-Anzeige liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_indicator",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp internal short",
            "de": "Lampe intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E3E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Indicator Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Anzeige Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the control pilot indicator control circuit is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Steuerkreis Steuerpilot-Anzeige liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_indicator",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open lamp",
            "de": "Offene Lampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E3F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Status Indicator A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladestatus-Anzeige A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the charge status indicator a control circuit is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Steuerkreis Ladestatus-Anzeige A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_status_indicator_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp internal short",
            "de": "Lampe intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E40",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Status Indicator A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladestatus-Anzeige A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the charge status indicator a control circuit is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Steuerkreis Ladestatus-Anzeige A liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_status_indicator_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open lamp",
            "de": "Offene Lampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E41",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Status Indicator B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladestatus-Anzeige B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the charge status indicator b control circuit is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Steuerkreis Ladestatus-Anzeige B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_status_indicator_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp internal short",
            "de": "Lampe intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E42",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Status Indicator B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladestatus-Anzeige B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the charge status indicator b control circuit is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Steuerkreis Ladestatus-Anzeige B liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_status_indicator_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lamp_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open lamp",
            "de": "Offene Lampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E43",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Powertrain Control Module B",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Antriebsstrang-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid powertrain control module B reports a generic fault. Internal self-tests fail or response time outside calibration.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Antriebsstrang-Steuermodul B meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die Reaktionszeit liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_powertrain_cm_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication lost",
            "de": "Kommunikation verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E44",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense E Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E45",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense E Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E46",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense E Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E47",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense E Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E48",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense E Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E49",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense F Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E4A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense F Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E4B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense F Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E4C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense F Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E4D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense F Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack voltage sense f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Spannungsmessung F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sense_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E4E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Failed to Crank",
        "de": "Motor startet nicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the engine failed to crank when commanded. Starter motor, power supply, or interlock fault.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass der Motor beim Anlassen nicht durchgedreht hat. Starter-Motor, Stromversorgung oder Verriegelungs-Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_motor",
        "starter_relay",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "starter_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Starter motor failed",
            "de": "Starter-Motor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "battery_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "12V battery weak",
            "de": "12V-Batterie schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E4F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump A Control Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump A control signal drops out or jumps intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A fällt sporadisch aus oder springt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E50",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B Control Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump B control signal drops out or jumps intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B fällt sporadisch aus oder springt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E51",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E52",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E53",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E54",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E55",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E56",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Input Voltage Too Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Eingangsspannung zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter input voltage is below the operating window.",
        "de": "Die DC/DC-Wandler-Eingangsspannung liegt unter dem Betriebsbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_depleted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV battery depleted",
            "de": "HV-Batterie entladen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_path_loss",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply path resistance",
            "de": "Versorgungspfad-Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E57",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Input Voltage Too High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Eingangsspannung zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter input voltage is above the operating window.",
        "de": "Die DC/DC-Wandler-Eingangsspannung liegt über dem Betriebsbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regenerative braking overshoot",
            "de": "Überschwingen beim Rekuperieren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream regulator drift",
            "de": "Stromaufwärtiger Regler-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E58",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E59",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E5A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E5B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E5C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor C Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E5D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Enable Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Aktivierungs-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter enable signal drops out or jumps intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Aktivierungssignal des DC/DC-Wandlers fällt sporadisch aus oder springt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_enable_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Enable connector not seated",
            "de": "Aktivierungs-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E5E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Control Module A Processor Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Steuermodul A Prozessor Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger control module A processor reports a performance fault. Internal CPU watchdog or RAM check failed.",
        "de": "Der Prozessor des Batterielade-Steuermoduls A meldet einen Verhaltens-Fehler. Interner CPU-Watchdog oder RAM-Prüfung schlug fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_cm_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cpu_watchdog",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CPU watchdog reset repeatedly",
            "de": "CPU-Watchdog setzt wiederholt zurück"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ram_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "RAM check failed",
            "de": "RAM-Prüfung schlug fehl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E5F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature A Too High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatur A zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coupler A temperature exceeds the safety threshold during charging. Contact resistance increased or charging current too high.",
        "de": "Die Kopplungs-A-Temperatur überschreitet die Sicherheitsschwelle während des Ladens. Kontaktwiderstand erhöht oder Ladestrom zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coupler contacts oxidised - high resistance",
            "de": "Kopplungskontakte oxidiert - hoher Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "current_too_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging current above coupler rating",
            "de": "Ladestrom über Kopplungs-Nennwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E60",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charge Mode Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Modus-Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charge mode control circuit reports a range/performance condition. Charge mode selection unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Batterielade-Modus-Steuerkreis meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Zustand. Lade-Modus-Wahl unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charge_mode_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mode switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Modus-Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E61",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Enable Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterielader A Aktivierungs-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger A enable circuit reports a enable circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladers A meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_enable_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in enable wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktivierungs-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Enable switch failed",
            "de": "Aktivierungs-Schalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E62",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Enable Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader A Aktivierungs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger A enable circuit reports a enable circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladers A meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_enable_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module input short",
            "de": "Moduleingang kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E63",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Enable Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader A Aktivierungs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger A enable circuit reports a enable circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladers A meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_enable_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open enable switch",
            "de": "Aktivierungs-Schalter offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E64",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Enable Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader A Aktivierungs-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger A enable circuit reports a enable circuit intermittent/erratic condition.",
        "de": "Der Aktivierungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladers A meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_enable_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E65",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterielader Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger control circuit reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader-Steuerkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_control_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector open",
            "de": "Stecker offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E66",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger control circuit reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader-Steuerkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_control_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module input short",
            "de": "Moduleingang kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E67",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger control circuit reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader-Steuerkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_control_circuit",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module input open",
            "de": "Moduleingang offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E68",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Indicator Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Anzeige Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot indicator circuit reports a range/performance condition. Indicator response outside calibration.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Anzeige-Stromkreis meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Zustand. Anzeige-Reaktion außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_indicator",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lamp_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator lamp aged",
            "de": "Anzeige-Lampe gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E69",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Indicator Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Anzeige Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot indicator circuit drops out or jumps intermittently.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Anzeige-Stromkreis fällt sporadisch aus oder springt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_indicator",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire chafing intermittent",
            "de": "Leitungsscheuern sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E6A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Vorlade-Schütz Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery precharge contactor reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batterie-Vorlade-Schütz meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "precharge_contactor",
        "precharge_resistor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open control wire",
            "de": "Offene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E6B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Vorlade-Schütz Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery precharge contactor reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batterie-Vorlade-Schütz meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "precharge_contactor",
        "precharge_resistor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil internal short",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E6C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Vorlade-Schütz Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery precharge contactor reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batterie-Vorlade-Schütz meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "precharge_contactor",
        "precharge_resistor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E6D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Vorlade-Schütz Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery precharge contactor reports a performance condition.",
        "de": "Das HV-Batterie-Vorlade-Schütz meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "precharge_contactor",
        "precharge_resistor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "resistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Precharge resistor open",
            "de": "Vorladewiderstand offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contactor_welded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts welded",
            "de": "Schütz-Kontakte verschweißt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E6E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Torque Delivered Performance",
        "de": "Generator geliefertes Drehmoment Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The generator delivered torque does not match the commanded value within calibration. Inverter, sensor or generator fault.",
        "de": "Das vom Generator gelieferte Drehmoment stimmt nicht mit dem angeforderten Wert innerhalb der Kalibrierung überein. Wechselrichter-, Sensor- oder Generator-Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator",
        "generator_inverter",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_current_unbalanced",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase currents unbalanced",
            "de": "Phasenströme unsymmetrisch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_position_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor position offset",
            "de": "Rotor-Positions-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E6F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Signal Frequency Range/Performance",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Signal Frequenz Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot PWM frequency from the EVSE is range/performance. SAE J1772 requires 1 kHz +/- tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Steuerpilot-PWM-Frequenz von der EVSE ist \"Bereich/Leistung\". SAE J1772 fordert 1 kHz +/- Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_signal",
        "evse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evse_signal_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVSE signal drift",
            "de": "EVSE-Signaldrift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_coupling",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noise coupling on PWM line",
            "de": "Rauschen-Kopplung auf PWM-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E70",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Signal Frequency Too Low",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Signal Frequenz zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot PWM frequency from the EVSE is too low. SAE J1772 requires 1 kHz +/- tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Steuerpilot-PWM-Frequenz von der EVSE ist \"zu niedrig\". SAE J1772 fordert 1 kHz +/- Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_signal",
        "evse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evse_below_spec",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVSE PWM below 1 kHz spec",
            "de": "EVSE PWM unter 1 kHz Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "filter_capacitor_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Filter capacitor too large",
            "de": "Filter-Kondensator zu groß"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E71",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Signal Frequency Too High",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Signal Frequenz zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot PWM frequency from the EVSE is too high. SAE J1772 requires 1 kHz +/- tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Steuerpilot-PWM-Frequenz von der EVSE ist \"zu hoch\". SAE J1772 fordert 1 kHz +/- Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_signal",
        "evse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evse_above_spec",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVSE PWM above 1 kHz spec",
            "de": "EVSE PWM über 1 kHz Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oscillator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVSE oscillator drift",
            "de": "EVSE-Oszillator-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E72",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Internal Isolation Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie interne Isolation Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects degraded internal isolation between HV bus and battery enclosure. Insulation resistance below safety threshold.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt verschlechterte interne Isolation zwischen HV-Bus und Batterie-Gehäuse. Isolationswiderstand unter Sicherheitsschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack",
        "bms",
        "isolation_monitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "insulation_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal cell insulation aged",
            "de": "Interne Zell-Isolation gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "moisture_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal moisture",
            "de": "Interne Feuchtigkeit"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          1000,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E73",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Bypass Valve A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve A reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E74",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Bypass Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve A reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil internal short",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E75",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Bypass Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve A reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E76",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Bypass Valve A Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve A reports a performance condition.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scale_buildup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Scale buildup in coolant path",
            "de": "Ablagerungen im Kühlmittel-Pfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E77",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Bypass Valve B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve B reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E78",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Bypass Valve B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve B reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil internal short",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E79",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Bypass Valve B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve B reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E7A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Bypass Valve B Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve B reports a performance condition.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scale_buildup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Scale buildup in coolant path",
            "de": "Ablagerungen im Kühlmittel-Pfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E7B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Cooling Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hilfs-Kühlung Kühlmittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the auxiliary cooling coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hilfs-Kühlung Kühlmittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_cooling_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E7C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Cooling Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hilfs-Kühlung Kühlmittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the auxiliary cooling coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hilfs-Kühlung Kühlmittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_cooling_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E7D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Cooling Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hilfs-Kühlung Kühlmittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the auxiliary cooling coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Hilfs-Kühlung Kühlmittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_cooling_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E7E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Cooling Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Hilfs-Kühlung Kühlmittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the auxiliary cooling coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Hilfs-Kühlung Kühlmittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_cooling_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E7F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Cooling Coolant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hilfs-Kühlung Kühlmittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the auxiliary cooling coolant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hilfs-Kühlung Kühlmittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_cooling_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E80",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Temperature Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader B Temperatursensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger b temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader B Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E81",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Temperatursensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger b temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader B Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E82",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger b temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader B Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E83",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger b temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader B Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E84",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader B Temperatursensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger b temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader B Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E85",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Voltage Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader B Spannungssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger b voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader B Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E86",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Voltage Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Spannungssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger b voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader B Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E87",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Voltage Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Spannungssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger b voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader B Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E88",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Voltage Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Spannungssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger b voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader B Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E89",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Voltage Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader B Spannungssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger b voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader B Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E8A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Current Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader B Stromsensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger b current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader B Stromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E8B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger b current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader B Stromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E8C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger b current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader B Stromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E8D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger b current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader B Stromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E8E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Current Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader B Stromsensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger b current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader B Stromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E8F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor a inverter voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E90",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the drive motor a inverter voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E91",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the drive motor a inverter voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E92",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the drive motor a inverter voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E93",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor a inverter voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E94",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor b inverter voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E95",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the drive motor b inverter voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E96",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the drive motor b inverter voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E97",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the drive motor b inverter voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E98",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor B Inverter Voltage Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor b inverter voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor B Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_b_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E99",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E9A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E9B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E9C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E9D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Voltage Sensor C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor C Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the dc/dc converter voltage sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am DC/DC-Wandler Spannungssensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_voltage_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E9E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0E9F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EA0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EA1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EA2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EA3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EA4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EA5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EA6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EA7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Current Sensor C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor C Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the dc/dc converter current sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am DC/DC-Wandler Stromsensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_current_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EA8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter B Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/DC converter B output performance is outside calibration. Output voltage tracking error or efficiency too low.",
        "de": "Die DC/DC-Wandler-B-Ausgangs-Leistung liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung. Ausgangs-Spannungs-Folgefehler oder Wirkungsgrad zu niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fets_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching FETs aged",
            "de": "Schalt-FETs gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "capacitor_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output capacitor ESR high",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Kondensator ESR hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EA9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Cooling System Performance",
        "de": "Hilfs-Kühlsystem Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary cooling system performance is below calibration. Coolant flow or temperature drop insufficient under load.",
        "de": "Die Hilfs-Kühlsystem-Leistung liegt unter der Kalibrierung. Kühlmittelfluss oder Temperaturabfall unter Last unzureichend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_cooling_pump",
        "aux_cooling_radiator",
        "aux_cooling_fan"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aux pump output degraded",
            "de": "Hilfs-Pumpen-Leistung nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "radiator_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radiator partially blocked",
            "de": "Kühler teilweise blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EAA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Spannungssensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the a/c compressor motor voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Klima-Verdichter-Motor Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EAB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Spannungssensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the a/c compressor motor voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Klima-Verdichter-Motor Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EAC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Spannungssensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the a/c compressor motor voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Klima-Verdichter-Motor Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EAD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Spannungssensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the a/c compressor motor voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Klima-Verdichter-Motor Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EAE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Spannungssensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the a/c compressor motor voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Klima-Verdichter-Motor Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EAF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Current Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Stromsensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the a/c compressor motor current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Klima-Verdichter-Motor Stromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EB0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the a/c compressor motor current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Klima-Verdichter-Motor Stromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EB1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the a/c compressor motor current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Klima-Verdichter-Motor Stromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EB2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the a/c compressor motor current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Klima-Verdichter-Motor Stromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EB3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Current Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Stromsensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the a/c compressor motor current sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Klima-Verdichter-Motor Stromsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EB4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase U Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase U current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-U-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EB5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase U Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase U current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-U-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EB6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Voltage Sense Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV Batteriepack Spannungserfassung Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "BMS detects rationality fault in pack voltage sense channel, with sum of cell voltages disagreeing from total pack voltage measurement beyond tolerance.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine Plausibilitätsabweichung im Erfassungskanal der Packspannung, wenn die Summe der Zellspannungen über die Toleranz hinaus von der Gesamtspannungsmessung abweicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_management_system",
        "hv_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bms_sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS sense channel drift",
            "de": "BMS-Sensorkanal-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2.5,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EB7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase U Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase U current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-U-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EB8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase U Current Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase U Stromsensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase U current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-U-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EB9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase V Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase V current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-V-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EBA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase V Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase V current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-V-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EBB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase V Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase V current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-V-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EBC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase V Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase V current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-V-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EBD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase V Current Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase V Stromsensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase V current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-V-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EBE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase W Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase W current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-W-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EBF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase W Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase W current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-W-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EC0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase W Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase W current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-W-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EC1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase W Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase W current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-W-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EC2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Phase W Current Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klima-Verdichter-Motor Phase W Stromsensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor motor phase W current sensor reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Klima-Verdichter-Motor-Phase-W-Stromsensor meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EC3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the a/c refrigerant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EC4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the a/c refrigerant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EC5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the a/c refrigerant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EC6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the a/c refrigerant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EC7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the a/c refrigerant temperature sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EC8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the a/c refrigerant temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EC9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the a/c refrigerant temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ECA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the a/c refrigerant temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ECB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the a/c refrigerant temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ECC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the a/c refrigerant temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Klima-Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ECD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C refrigerant distribution valve A reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_distribution_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ECE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C refrigerant distribution valve A reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_distribution_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil internal short",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ECF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C refrigerant distribution valve A reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_distribution_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ED0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve A Performance",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C refrigerant distribution valve A reports a performance condition.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_distribution_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "refrigerant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Refrigerant level low",
            "de": "Kältemittel-Niveau niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ED1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Multiple Sensor Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Mehrfach-Sensor-Spannungskorrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that multiple HV battery voltage sensor readings disagree beyond calibration. SOC/SOH calculations unreliable.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass mehrere HV-Batterie-Spannungs-Sensorwerte über die Kalibrierung hinaus abweichen. SOC/SOH-Berechnungen unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_voltage_sensors",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offsets drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versätze driften"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire resistance high",
            "de": "Mess-Leitungs-Widerstand hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ED2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack E Voltage Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Spannungssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack e voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_e_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ED3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack E Voltage Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Spannungssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack e voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_e_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ED4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack E Voltage Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Spannungssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack e voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_e_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ED5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack E Voltage Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Spannungssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack e voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_e_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ED6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack E Voltage Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Spannungssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack e voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_e_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ED7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack F Voltage Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Spannungssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack f voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_f_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ED8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack F Voltage Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Spannungssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack f voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_f_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0ED9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack F Voltage Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Spannungssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack f voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_f_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EDA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack F Voltage Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Spannungssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack f voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_f_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EDB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack F Voltage Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Spannungssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack f voltage sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Spannungssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_f_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EDC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase X Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator Phase X Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary generator phase X current sensor circuit reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des sekundären Generator-Phase-X-Stromsensors meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EDD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase Y Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator Phase Y Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary generator phase Y current sensor circuit reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des sekundären Generator-Phase-Y-Stromsensors meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EDE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Phase Z Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Generator Phase Z Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary generator phase Z current sensor circuit reports a fault.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des sekundären Generator-Phase-Z-Stromsensors meldet einen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_phase_z_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EDF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack B Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket B Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects deterioration in HV battery pack section B. Capacity or internal resistance outside service limits.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt Verschlechterung im HV-Batteriepaket-Abschnitt B. Kapazität oder Innenwiderstand außerhalb der Wartungsgrenzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cells_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged - capacity reduced",
            "de": "Zellen gealtert - Kapazität reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal resistance increased",
            "de": "Innenwiderstand erhöht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          1500,
          12000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          24
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EE0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack C Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket C Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects deterioration in HV battery pack section C. Capacity or internal resistance outside service limits.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt Verschlechterung im HV-Batteriepaket-Abschnitt C. Kapazität oder Innenwiderstand außerhalb der Wartungsgrenzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_c",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cells_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged - capacity reduced",
            "de": "Zellen gealtert - Kapazität reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal resistance increased",
            "de": "Innenwiderstand erhöht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          1500,
          12000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          24
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EE1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack D Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket D Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects deterioration in HV battery pack section D. Capacity or internal resistance outside service limits.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt Verschlechterung im HV-Batteriepaket-Abschnitt D. Kapazität oder Innenwiderstand außerhalb der Wartungsgrenzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_d",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cells_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged - capacity reduced",
            "de": "Zellen gealtert - Kapazität reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal resistance increased",
            "de": "Innenwiderstand erhöht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          1500,
          12000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          24
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EE2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack E Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects deterioration in HV battery pack section E. Capacity or internal resistance outside service limits.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt Verschlechterung im HV-Batteriepaket-Abschnitt E. Kapazität oder Innenwiderstand außerhalb der Wartungsgrenzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_e",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cells_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged - capacity reduced",
            "de": "Zellen gealtert - Kapazität reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal resistance increased",
            "de": "Innenwiderstand erhöht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          1500,
          12000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          24
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EE3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack F Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects deterioration in HV battery pack section F. Capacity or internal resistance outside service limits.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt Verschlechterung im HV-Batteriepaket-Abschnitt F. Kapazität oder Innenwiderstand außerhalb der Wartungsgrenzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_pack_f",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cells_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged - capacity reduced",
            "de": "Zellen gealtert - Kapazität reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal resistance increased",
            "de": "Innenwiderstand erhöht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          1500,
          12000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          24
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EE4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C refrigerant distribution valve B reports a control circuit/open condition.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_distribution_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EE5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C refrigerant distribution valve B reports a control circuit low condition.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_distribution_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil internal short",
            "de": "Spule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EE6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C refrigerant distribution valve B reports a control circuit high condition.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_distribution_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil open",
            "de": "Spule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EE7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve B Performance",
        "de": "Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C refrigerant distribution valve B reports a performance condition.",
        "de": "Das Klima-Kältemittel-Verteilventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\"."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_distribution_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "refrigerant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Refrigerant level low",
            "de": "Kältemittel-Niveau niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EE8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EE9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EEA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EEB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EEC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Energy Control Module B",
        "de": "Batterie-Energie-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery energy control module B reports a generic internal fault.",
        "de": "Das Batterie-Energie-Steuermodul B meldet einen allgemeinen internen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_energy_cm_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication lost",
            "de": "Kommunikation verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EEE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Discharge Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Entladekreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery discharge circuit performance is outside calibration. Discharge resistor or contactor fault.",
        "de": "Die Leistung des HV-Batterie-Entladekreises liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung. Entladewiderstand oder Schütz-Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_discharge_circuit",
        "discharge_resistor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "resistor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Discharge resistor value drifted",
            "de": "Entladewiderstand-Wert driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contactor_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Discharge contactor aged",
            "de": "Entlade-Schütz gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EEF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature B Too High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatur B zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coupler B temperature exceeds the safety threshold during charging.",
        "de": "Die Kopplungs-B-Temperatur überschreitet die Sicherheitsschwelle während des Ladens."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coupler contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Kopplungskontakte oxidiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "current_too_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging current above coupler rating",
            "de": "Ladestrom über Kopplungs-Nennwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EF0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A control module reports overtemperature. Cooling insufficient or load excessive.",
        "de": "Das Antriebsmotor-A-Steuermodul meldet Übertemperatur. Kühlung unzureichend oder Last zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_cm",
        "cooling_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooling_insufficient",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling insufficient",
            "de": "Kühlung unzureichend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_excessive",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load excessive",
            "de": "Last zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EF1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Unlock Disabled",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplung Entriegeln deaktiviert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger coupler unlock is disabled - safety condition prevents unlocking. HV active or charging in progress.",
        "de": "Die Batterielade-Kopplungs-Entriegelung ist deaktiviert - Sicherheitsbedingung verhindert das Entriegeln. HV aktiv oder Ladevorgang läuft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_lock",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hv_still_active",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV system still active",
            "de": "HV-System noch aktiv"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "charge_session_active",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge session not terminated",
            "de": "Ladesitzung nicht beendet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EF2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor C Temperature Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor C Temperatursensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor c temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor C Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_c_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EF3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor C Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor C Temperatursensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the drive motor c temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor C Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_c_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EF4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor C Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor C Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the drive motor c temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor C Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_c_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EF5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor C Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor C Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the drive motor c temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Antriebsmotor C Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_c_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EF6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor C Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor C Temperatursensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor c temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor C Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_c_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EF7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EF8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EF9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EFA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a high fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EFB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EFC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EFD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0EFE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Input Voltage Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a low fault on the battery charger a input voltage sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Batterielader A Eingangs-Spannungssensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_input_voltage_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P0FFF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reserved Powertrain Fault",
        "de": "Reservierter Antriebsstrang-Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Manufacturer-specific reserved code in the SAE generic range used as catch-all for hybrid system faults that do not map to a more specific defined code. Should be diagnosed using the freeze frame data and any additional manufacturer codes.",
        "de": "Herstellerspezifischer reservierter Code im SAE-Generic-Bereich als Sammelcode für Hybridsystemfehler, die keinem spezifischeren Code zugeordnet sind. Diagnose erfolgt anhand der Freeze-Frame-Daten und ergänzender Herstellercodes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "unspecified_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unspecified hybrid system fault",
            "de": "Nicht näher spezifizierter Hybridsystemfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2000",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Adsorber Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Adsorber Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The lean NOx trap (LNT) on bank 1 is no longer storing or releasing NOx within the required efficiency window. Detected by the downstream NOx sensor or model-based monitor — typically caused by sulphur poisoning, thermal aging, or a failed regeneration strategy.",
        "de": "Der Mager-NOx-Speicherkat (LNT) an Bank 1 speichert oder regeneriert NOx nicht mehr im geforderten Wirkungsgrad. Erkennt der nachgelagerte NOx-Sensor oder das modellbasierte Monitoring — meist durch Sulfatvergiftung, Alterung oder fehlgeschlagene Regenerationsstrategie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_adsorber_catalyst",
        "nox_sensor_downstream",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lnt_sulphur_poisoning",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sulphur poisoning from high-sulphur fuel — desulphation regeneration not running",
            "de": "Sulfatvergiftung durch schwefelhaltigen Kraftstoff — Desulfatierung läuft nicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lnt_thermal_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal aging of washcoat after high-temperature exposure",
            "de": "Thermische Alterung des Washcoats nach Übertemperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream NOx sensor reading drifts",
            "de": "Nachgelagerter NOx-Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_adsorber"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2001",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Adsorber Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Adsorber Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The lean NOx trap (LNT) on bank 2 is no longer storing or releasing NOx within the required efficiency window. Detected by the downstream NOx sensor or model-based monitor — typically caused by sulphur poisoning, thermal aging, or a failed regeneration strategy.",
        "de": "Der Mager-NOx-Speicherkat (LNT) an Bank 2 speichert oder regeneriert NOx nicht mehr im geforderten Wirkungsgrad. Erkennt der nachgelagerte NOx-Sensor oder das modellbasierte Monitoring — meist durch Sulfatvergiftung, Alterung oder fehlgeschlagene Regenerationsstrategie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_adsorber_catalyst",
        "nox_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lnt_sulphur_poisoning",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sulphur poisoning",
            "de": "Sulfatvergiftung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lnt_thermal_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal aging of washcoat",
            "de": "Thermische Alterung des Washcoats"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2000"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_adsorber"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2002",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The differential pressure sensor or temperature monitor across the diesel particulate filter (DPF) reports that filtration efficiency has dropped below the legal threshold. Common after a damaged filter substrate, blocked passages from failed regenerations, or a leak around the housing.",
        "de": "Der Differenzdrucksensor oder die Temperaturüberwachung am Dieselpartikelfilter (DPF) meldet, dass die Filtrationswirkung unter den gesetzlichen Schwellwert gefallen ist. Häufig nach beschädigtem Filtermaterial, durch fehlgeschlagene Regenerationen verstopft oder bei einer Undichtigkeit am Gehäuse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor",
        "dpf_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_loaded_failed_regen",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF heavily loaded — repeated short trips prevent regeneration",
            "de": "DPF stark beladen — viele Kurzstrecken verhindern die Regeneration"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_substrate_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Filter substrate cracked or melted from runaway regeneration",
            "de": "Filtermaterial gerissen oder geschmolzen durch unkontrollierte Regeneration"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_pressure_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Differential pressure sensor drift",
            "de": "Differenzdrucksensor driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_housing_leak",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak around DPF housing",
            "de": "Undichtigkeit am DPF-Gehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2003",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The differential pressure sensor or temperature monitor across the diesel particulate filter (DPF) reports that filtration efficiency has dropped below the legal threshold. Common after a damaged filter substrate, blocked passages from failed regenerations, or a leak around the housing.",
        "de": "Der Differenzdrucksensor oder die Temperaturüberwachung am Dieselpartikelfilter (DPF) meldet, dass die Filtrationswirkung unter den gesetzlichen Schwellwert gefallen ist. Häufig nach beschädigtem Filtermaterial, durch fehlgeschlagene Regenerationen verstopft oder bei einer Undichtigkeit am Gehäuse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor",
        "dpf_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_loaded_failed_regen",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF heavily loaded — repeated short trips prevent regeneration",
            "de": "DPF stark beladen — viele Kurzstrecken verhindern die Regeneration"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_substrate_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Filter substrate cracked or melted",
            "de": "Filtermaterial gerissen oder geschmolzen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2002"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2004",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Stuck Open (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung hängt offen (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake manifold runner control (IMRC) flap on bank 1 is stuck in the open position. The IMRC swirls or tumbles intake charge at low rpm by closing one runner per cylinder; when stuck open, low-end torque drops and the engine may misfire on cold starts.",
        "de": "Die Saugrohrumschaltklappe (IMRC) an Bank 1 hängt offen. Die IMRC erzeugt bei niedriger Drehzahl Drall oder Tumble, indem sie pro Zylinder einen Kanal schliesst; offen festhängend bricht das Drehmoment unten ein und der Motor kann beim Kaltstart Aussetzer zeigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_runner",
        "imrc_actuator",
        "intake_manifold"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup blocks flap travel",
            "de": "Verkokung blockiert Klappenweg"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "IMRC actuator or vacuum motor failed",
            "de": "IMRC-Steller oder Unterdruckdose defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_linkage_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage rod broken or disconnected",
            "de": "Gestänge gebrochen oder ausgehakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2005",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Stuck Open (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung hängt offen (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake manifold runner control (IMRC) flap on bank 2 is stuck in the open position. The IMRC swirls or tumbles intake charge at low rpm by closing one runner per cylinder; when stuck open, low-end torque drops and the engine may misfire on cold starts.",
        "de": "Die Saugrohrumschaltklappe (IMRC) an Bank 2 hängt offen. Die IMRC erzeugt bei niedriger Drehzahl Drall oder Tumble, indem sie pro Zylinder einen Kanal schliesst; offen festhängend bricht das Drehmoment unten ein und der Motor kann beim Kaltstart Aussetzer zeigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_runner",
        "imrc_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup blocks flap travel",
            "de": "Verkokung blockiert Klappenweg"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "IMRC actuator failed on bank 2",
            "de": "IMRC-Steller an Bank 2 defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2004"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2006",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Stuck Closed (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung hängt geschlossen (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC flap on bank 1 is stuck in the closed position and cannot open at higher rpm. Top-end power suffers because the runner is restricted, and the engine may breathe poorly above mid-range.",
        "de": "Die IMRC-Klappe an Bank 1 hängt geschlossen und kann bei höherer Drehzahl nicht öffnen. Die Spitzenleistung leidet, weil der Kanal eingeschnürt bleibt, und der Motor atmet oberhalb des mittleren Drehzahlbereichs schlecht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_runner",
        "imrc_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_carbon_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits seize flap closed",
            "de": "Verkokung verklemmt Klappe geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck or vacuum line collapsed",
            "de": "Steller hängt oder Unterdruckleitung kollabiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2004"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2007",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Stuck Closed (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung hängt geschlossen (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 counterpart to P2006. The IMRC flap on bank 2 cannot return to the open position and chokes intake flow at higher rpm.",
        "de": "Bank-2-Pendant zu P2006. Die IMRC-Klappe auf Bank 2 kehrt nicht in die offene Stellung zurück und drosselt den Ansaugfluss bei höherer Drehzahl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_runner",
        "imrc_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_carbon_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits seize flap closed on bank 2",
            "de": "Verkokung verklemmt Klappe geschlossen an Bank 2"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bank 2 actuator stuck",
            "de": "Bank-2-Steller hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2006"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2008",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid Circuit Open (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Magnetventil-Stromkreis offen (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an open circuit on the IMRC solenoid for bank 1. No control current flows when the runner is commanded to switch, leaving the flap in its default position.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Unterbrechung im Stromkreis des IMRC-Magnetventils für Bank 1. Beim Schaltbefehl fliesst kein Steuerstrom, sodass die Klappe in der Grundstellung bleibt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_solenoid",
        "imrc_wiring",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector unplugged or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker abgezogen oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2009",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Magnetventil-Stromkreis Signal zu niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC solenoid drive line for bank 1 reads below the lower threshold — short to ground or a failed driver stage. The runner cannot be switched on demand.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerleitung des IMRC-Magnetventils an Bank 1 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder defekte Endstufe. Die Saugrohrumschaltung lässt sich nicht mehr ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_solenoid",
        "imrc_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_solenoid_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internally shorted",
            "de": "Magnetventil mit internem Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2008"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P200A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Leistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake manifold runner control (IMRC) on bank 1 reports that flap movement does not match the commanded position within the allowed time window — either too slow, too short a stroke, or position feedback off-target.",
        "de": "Die Saugrohrumschaltung (IMRC) an Bank 1 meldet, dass die Klappenbewegung nicht im erwarteten Zeitfenster auf die Sollposition kommt — zu langsam, zu kurzer Hub oder Positions-Feedback weicht ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_runner",
        "imrc_actuator",
        "imrc_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup restricts flap travel",
            "de": "Verkokung schränkt Klappenweg ein"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_actuator_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator weak or vacuum supply low",
            "de": "Steller schwach oder Unterdruckversorgung niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_linkage_play",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage worn — play between actuator and flap",
            "de": "Gestänge ausgeschlagen — Spiel zwischen Steller und Klappe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P200B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake manifold runner control (IMRC) on bank 2 reports that flap movement does not match the commanded position within the allowed time window — either too slow, too short a stroke, or position feedback off-target.",
        "de": "Die Saugrohrumschaltung (IMRC) an Bank 2 meldet, dass die Klappenbewegung nicht im erwarteten Zeitfenster auf die Sollposition kommt — zu langsam, zu kurzer Hub oder Positions-Feedback weicht ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_runner",
        "imrc_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup",
            "de": "Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P200A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P200C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Over Temperature (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Partikelfilter Übertemperatur (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A temperature sensor at the diesel particulate filter (DPF) on bank 1 has exceeded the safe limit — typically during a runaway regeneration. Continued operation can melt or crack the substrate.",
        "de": "Ein Temperatursensor am Dieselpartikelfilter (DPF) an Bank 1 hat den zulässigen Grenzwert überschritten — meist während einer ausser Kontrolle geratenen Regeneration. Weiterbetrieb kann das Filtermaterial schmelzen oder reissen lassen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_temperature_sensor",
        "regeneration_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_runaway_regen",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive soot load triggers runaway regeneration",
            "de": "Zu hohe Russmasse führt zu unkontrollierter Regeneration"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_post_injection_excess",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Post-injection over-fueling during regeneration",
            "de": "Nacheinspritzung überdosiert bei Regeneration"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_temp_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF temperature sensor reading drifts high",
            "de": "DPF-Temperatursensor driftet nach oben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P200D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Over Temperature (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Partikelfilter Übertemperatur (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A temperature sensor at the diesel particulate filter (DPF) on bank 2 has exceeded the safe limit — typically during a runaway regeneration. Continued operation can melt or crack the substrate.",
        "de": "Ein Temperatursensor am Dieselpartikelfilter (DPF) an Bank 2 hat den zulässigen Grenzwert überschritten — meist während einer ausser Kontrolle geratenen Regeneration. Weiterbetrieb kann das Filtermaterial schmelzen oder reissen lassen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_runaway_regen",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Runaway regeneration",
            "de": "Unkontrollierte Regeneration"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P200C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P200E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst System Over Temperature (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Katalysatorsystem Übertemperatur (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A temperature sensor in the exhaust catalyst on bank 1 reports a value above the safe operating limit. Sustained over-temperature can sinter the precious-metal washcoat and destroy conversion efficiency.",
        "de": "Ein Temperatursensor im Abgaskatalysator an Bank 1 meldet einen Wert über dem zulässigen Grenzbereich. Anhaltende Übertemperatur sintert den Edelmetall-Washcoat und zerstört die Konvertierungsleistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalytic_converter",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_misfire_unburned_fuel",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent misfire dumps unburned fuel into the cat",
            "de": "Anhaltende Aussetzer leiten unverbrannten Kraftstoff in den Kat"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cat_rich_mixture",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained rich mixture from leaking injector or fuel pressure regulator",
            "de": "Anhaltend fettes Gemisch durch undichten Injektor oder defekten Druckregler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cat_temp_sensor_high_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst temperature sensor drifts high",
            "de": "Katalysator-Temperatursensor driftet nach oben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P200F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst System Over Temperature (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Katalysatorsystem Übertemperatur (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A temperature sensor in the exhaust catalyst on bank 2 reports a value above the safe operating limit. Sustained over-temperature can sinter the precious-metal washcoat and destroy conversion efficiency.",
        "de": "Ein Temperatursensor im Abgaskatalysator an Bank 2 meldet einen Wert über dem zulässigen Grenzbereich. Anhaltende Übertemperatur sintert den Edelmetall-Washcoat und zerstört die Konvertierungsleistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalytic_converter",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_misfire_unburned_fuel",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Misfire dumps fuel into cat",
            "de": "Aussetzer leiten Kraftstoff in den Kat"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P200E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2010",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Solenoid Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Magnetventil-Stromkreis Signal zu hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage at the IMRC solenoid on bank 1 is above the upper limit — short to supply or an open ground side. The solenoid is energised constantly or the driver protection trips.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung am IMRC-Magnetventil auf Bank 1 liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masseseite. Das Ventil bestromt durchgehend oder die Endstufenüberwachung schaltet ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_solenoid",
        "imrc_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU driver stage failed",
            "de": "Endstufe im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2008"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2011",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Circuit/Open (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC actuator drive circuit on bank 2 is open or has lost continuity — control module no longer detects a closing path through the actuator winding.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des IMRC-Stellers an Bank 2 ist offen oder ohne Durchgang — das Steuergerät erkennt keinen geschlossenen Pfad mehr durch die Stellerwicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator",
        "intake_manifold_runner_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wiring or chafed conductor in IMRC harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung oder durchgescheuerte Ader im IMRC-Kabelbaum"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded — high resistance contact",
            "de": "Steckverbinder korrodiert — Übergangswiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_actuator_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Aktuatorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2012",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Circuit Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Steuerkreis Spannung niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC actuator drive line on bank 2 reads below the expected voltage threshold — typically a short to ground or a stuck-low driver inside the control module.",
        "de": "Die IMRC-Treiberleitung an Bank 2 liegt unterhalb der Sollspannung — meist Kurzschluss nach Masse oder fehlerhafter Treiber im Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator",
        "intake_manifold_runner_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground in driver line",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse in der Treiberleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_actuator_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator winding shorted internally",
            "de": "Aktuatorwicklung intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2011"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2013",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Steuerkreis Spannung hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC actuator drive line on bank 2 reads above the expected voltage threshold — typically a short to battery voltage or an open ground side.",
        "de": "Die IMRC-Treiberleitung an Bank 2 liegt oberhalb der Sollspannung — meist Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder unterbrochene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator",
        "intake_manifold_runner_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+ in driver line",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus in der Treiberleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_open_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open ground return on actuator",
            "de": "Unterbrochener Masse-Rückleiter am Steller"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2011"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2014",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Positionssensor-Stromkreis (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position feedback signal of the IMRC flap on bank 1 is missing or implausible. Without feedback, the ECU cannot verify that the commanded runner position has been reached.",
        "de": "Das Rückmeldesignal der IMRC-Klappenstellung an Bank 1 fehlt oder ist unplausibel. Ohne Rückmeldung kann die Motorsteuerung die kommandierte Stellung nicht überprüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_position_sensor",
        "imrc_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_pos_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_pos_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire broken",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2015",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Range/Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Positionssensor Bereich/Plausibilität (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC position sensor on bank 1 reports a value, but it does not match the commanded flap state — for example, the flap is commanded closed yet the sensor still reads open. Common on engines where the connector pin clip wears out and the sensor reads erratic positions.",
        "de": "Der IMRC-Positionssensor an Bank 1 liefert ein Signal, das aber nicht zur kommandierten Klappenstellung passt — etwa bei kommandierter Schliessstellung meldet er weiter offen. Häufig bei Motoren, deren Steckerklemme verschleisst und der Sensor wechselnde Stellungen meldet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_position_sensor",
        "imrc_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_pos_connector_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector clip worn — intermittent contact",
            "de": "Steckerklemme verschlissen — Wackelkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_flap_sticking",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Flap sticking due to carbon",
            "de": "Klappe klemmt durch Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2014"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2016",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Positionssensor Signal zu niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC position sensor signal on bank 1 reads below the lower limit. Usually a short to ground on the signal wire or a failed sensor.",
        "de": "Das Signal des IMRC-Positionssensors an Bank 1 liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert. Meist ein Kurzschluss nach Masse auf der Signalleitung oder ein defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_position_sensor",
        "imrc_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_pos_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed low",
            "de": "Positionssensor liefert dauerhaft Niedrigsignal"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2014"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2017",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Positionssensor Signal zu hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC position sensor signal on bank 1 reads above the upper limit. Typically a short to supply, an open ground reference, or a sensor that failed high.",
        "de": "Das Signal des IMRC-Positionssensors an Bank 1 liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert. Typisch ein Kurzschluss nach Plus, eine offene Masseleitung oder ein defekter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_position_sensor",
        "imrc_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_pos_ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2014"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2018",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Open (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Positionssensor/-schalter Stromkreis offen (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an open circuit on the IMRC position sensor on bank 2. Without position feedback the ECU cannot confirm runner switching and falls back to a default mode.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Unterbrechung im Stromkreis des IMRC-Positionssensors auf Bank 2. Ohne Positionsrückmeldung kann das Steuergerät die Klappenumschaltung nicht bestätigen und schaltet in einen Standardmodus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_position_sensor_b2",
        "imrc_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element open",
            "de": "Sensorelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2019",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Range/Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Positionssensor/-schalter Bereich/Plausibilität (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC position sensor on bank 2 produces an electrically valid signal that does not match the commanded runner state — typically a sensor drift or sticking flap.",
        "de": "Der IMRC-Positionssensor auf Bank 2 liefert ein elektrisch gültiges Signal, das nicht zum kommandierten Klappenzustand passt — typischerweise Sensordrift oder hängende Klappe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_position_sensor_b2",
        "intake_manifold_runner"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor drift",
            "de": "Positionssensor driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup blocks flap travel",
            "de": "Verkokung blockiert Klappenweg"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2018"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P201A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF (urea) injection valve on bank 2, unit 1 does not respond to commands within the expected range — flow or response time off-spec, no obvious electrical fault.",
        "de": "Das DEF-Einspritzventil (Harnstoff) an Bank 2 Einheit 1 reagiert nicht im erwarteten Bereich — Durchflussmenge oder Ansprechzeit ausserhalb der Toleranz, ohne eindeutigen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve",
        "reductant_metering_unit",
        "scr_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_crystallization",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DEF crystallisation clogs the dosing nozzle",
            "de": "AdBlue-Kristallisation verstopft die Dosierdüse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "DEF supply pressure below target",
            "de": "AdBlue-Versorgungsdruck unter Sollwert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_valve_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve coil ageing — slow response",
            "de": "Ventilspule alterungsbedingt — träge Reaktion"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P201B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Actuator Supply Voltage Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Stellerversorgung Spannung niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage feeding the IMRC actuator on bank 1 is below the lower limit — typically a fuse, relay, or harness fault on the supply rail.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des IMRC-Stellers an Bank 1 liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert — meist Sicherung, Relais oder Kabelbaumfehler auf der Versorgungsleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator",
        "imrc_supply_relay",
        "imrc_supply_fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_supply_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_supply_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_supply_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply relay contacts pitted",
            "de": "Versorgungsrelais verschmort"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P201C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Actuator Supply Voltage Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Stellerversorgung Spannung niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage feeding the IMRC actuator on bank 2 is below the lower limit — typically a fuse, relay, or harness fault on the supply rail.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des IMRC-Stellers an Bank 2 liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert — meist Sicherung, Relais oder Kabelbaumfehler auf der Versorgungsleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator",
        "imrc_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_supply_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P201B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P201D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Actuator Internal Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Steller interne Leistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Internal self-diagnostics of the IMRC actuator on bank 1 report an off-spec condition — driver stage, position-feedback or thermal limit no longer matches the calibrated profile.",
        "de": "Die interne Eigendiagnose des IMRC-Stellers an Bank 1 meldet einen Abweichungszustand — Treiberstufe, Positions-Rückmeldung oder Temperaturgrenze passt nicht mehr zur Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator",
        "imrc_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_actuator_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator internal driver or sensor fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber- oder Sensorfehler im Steller"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_overheat",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator overheated and derated",
            "de": "Steller überhitzt und reduziert sich selbst"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P201E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Actuator Internal Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Steller interne Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Internal self-diagnostics of the IMRC actuator on bank 2 report an off-spec condition — driver stage, position-feedback or thermal limit no longer matches the calibrated profile.",
        "de": "Die interne Eigendiagnose des IMRC-Stellers an Bank 2 meldet einen Abweichungszustand — Treiberstufe, Positions-Rückmeldung oder Temperaturgrenze passt nicht mehr zur Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_actuator_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal actuator fault",
            "de": "Interner Stellerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P201D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P201F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump A Stuck On",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe A bleibt eingeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF (urea) pump A keeps running when commanded off, or its drive current does not drop to zero. Continuous pumping over-pressurises the dosing line and can crystallise DEF at the injector.",
        "de": "Die AdBlue-Pumpe A läuft trotz Abschaltbefehl weiter oder der Stromfluss fällt nicht auf null. Dauerlauf erhöht den Leitungsdruck und lässt AdBlue am Injektor auskristallisieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_pump_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_relay_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump relay contacts welded",
            "de": "Pumpenrelais-Kontakte verschweisst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_driver_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump driver line shorted to B+",
            "de": "Pumpentreiberleitung Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2020",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Positionssensor/-schalter Signal zu niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC position sensor on bank 2 reports a voltage below the lower threshold — typically a short to ground or a sensor with very low resistance.",
        "de": "Der IMRC-Positionssensor auf Bank 2 meldet eine Spannung unter dem unteren Schwellwert — typischerweise Massekurzschluss oder Sensor mit sehr niedrigem Widerstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_position_sensor_b2",
        "imrc_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element shorted",
            "de": "Sensorelement durchlegiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2018"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2021",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Positionssensor/-schalter Signal zu hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC position sensor on bank 2 reports a voltage above the upper threshold — usually a short to positive or an open ground.",
        "de": "Der IMRC-Positionssensor auf Bank 2 meldet eine Spannung über dem oberen Schwellwert — meist Kurzschluss nach Plus oder unterbrochene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_position_sensor_b2",
        "imrc_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to positive",
            "de": "Signal nach Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2018",
        "P2020"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2022",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Positionssensor Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC position sensor on bank 2 reports a signal above the upper plausibility limit — typically an open signal line, broken sensor, or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der IMRC-Positionssensor an Bank 2 meldet ein Signal oberhalb der oberen Plausibilitätsgrenze — meist offene Signalleitung, defekter Sensor oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_position_sensor",
        "intake_manifold_runner_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_pos_sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line at IMRC position sensor",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung am IMRC-Positionssensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_pos_sensor_short_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_pos_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element failed",
            "de": "Sensorelement defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2023",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Positionssensor Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC position sensor signal on bank 2 jumps or drops out intermittently — usually a loose pin, partially-broken conductor, or moisture in the connector.",
        "de": "Das IMRC-Positionssensorsignal an Bank 2 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist lockerer Pin, angebrochene Ader oder Feuchtigkeit im Stecker."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_position_sensor",
        "imrc_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_pos_intermittent_pin",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose terminal in connector",
            "de": "Loser Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imrc_pos_water_ingress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress into connector",
            "de": "Wassereintritt in den Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2022"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2024",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Fuel Vapor Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "EVAP Kraftstoffdampf-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault is reported on the EVAP fuel-vapor temperature sensor circuit — open, shorted, or out of plausible range. The sensor is part of the evaporative-emission system used to monitor canister loading.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Schaltkreis des EVAP-Kraftstoffdampf-Temperatursensors — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder ausserhalb des Plausibilitätsbereichs. Der Sensor sitzt im Tankentlüftungssystem zur Überwachung der Aktivkohlefilter-Beladung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_fuel_vapor_temp_sensor",
        "evap_canister"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_temp_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vapor temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Dampf-Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_temp_harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault between sensor and PCM",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler zwischen Sensor und Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2025",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Fuel Vapor Temperature Sensor Performance",
        "de": "EVAP Kraftstoffdampf-Temperatursensor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP fuel-vapor temperature sensor reading is plausible but does not match expected behaviour over time or temperature — slow response, incorrect offset, or stuck reading.",
        "de": "Der Wert des EVAP-Dampftemperatursensors ist plausibel, weicht aber von der erwarteten Charakteristik über Zeit oder Temperatur ab — träge Reaktion, falscher Offset oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_fuel_vapor_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_temp_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift over service life",
            "de": "Sensor driftet im Lauf der Betriebszeit"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2024"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2026",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Fuel Vapor Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Voltage",
        "de": "EVAP Kraftstoffdampf-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrige Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP fuel-vapor temperature sensor signal sits below the lower plausibility limit — short to ground or short between signal and ground inside the sensor.",
        "de": "Das Signal des EVAP-Dampftemperatursensors liegt unterhalb der unteren Plausibilitätsgrenze — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder interner Kurzschluss im Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_fuel_vapor_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_temp_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground on signal line",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2024"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2027",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Fuel Vapor Temperature Sensor Circuit High Voltage",
        "de": "EVAP Kraftstoffdampf-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hohe Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP fuel-vapor temperature sensor signal sits above the upper plausibility limit — open signal line, broken sensor, or short to B+.",
        "de": "Das Signal des EVAP-Dampftemperatursensors liegt oberhalb der oberen Plausibilitätsgrenze — offene Signalleitung, defekter Sensor oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_fuel_vapor_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_temp_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2024"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2028",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Fuel Vapor Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "EVAP Kraftstoffdampf-Temperatursensor Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP fuel-vapor temperature sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — usually a connector or chafed wire.",
        "de": "Das Signal des EVAP-Dampftemperatursensors springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Leitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_fuel_vapor_temp_sensor",
        "evap_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_temp_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector or chafed wire",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Ader"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2024"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporative_emission_control_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2029",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fired Heater Disabled",
        "de": "Brennstoff-Standheizung deaktiviert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel-fired auxiliary heater (used to warm coolant or DEF on cold start) has been disabled by the control module — typically because of repeated start failures, low-voltage supply, or a self-protection condition.",
        "de": "Die brennstoffbetriebene Zusatzheizung (heizt Kühlmittel oder AdBlue beim Kaltstart) wurde vom Steuergerät abgeschaltet — meist nach mehrfachen Startfehlversuchen, Unterspannung oder Eigenschutzauslösung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fired_heater",
        "heater_glow_plug",
        "heater_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ffh_glow_plug_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater glow plug failed",
            "de": "Glühstift der Heizung defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ffh_low_voltage_lockout",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low battery voltage triggered lockout",
            "de": "Niedrige Batteriespannung hat Sperre ausgelöst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ffh_fuel_supply_starved",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel supply starved — empty tank or pump weak",
            "de": "Kraftstoffversorgung mangelhaft — Tank leer oder Pumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P202A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Heater Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteltank-Heizung Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF tank heater control circuit is open or has lost continuity — the PCM cannot drive the resistive heater that prevents the DEF (urea) tank from freezing in winter.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der AdBlue-Tankheizung ist offen oder ohne Durchgang — das Steuergerät kann den Widerstandsheizer nicht ansteuern, der das Einfrieren des AdBlue-Tanks im Winter verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_heater",
        "reductant_tank_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_heater_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element winding open",
            "de": "Heizelement-Wicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_heater_open_wire",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and heater",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Heizung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P202B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteltank-Heizung Steuerkreis Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF tank heater control line reads below the expected voltage — short to ground or stuck-low driver.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Tankheizung liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder fehlerhafter Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_heater_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P202A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P202C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteltank-Heizung Steuerkreis Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF tank heater control line reads above the expected voltage — short to B+ or open ground.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Tankheizung liegt über der erwarteten Spannung — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_heater_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P202A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P202D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Leakage",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Leckage"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A leak has been detected in the DEF (urea) supply system — usually by a pressure-decay test after pump shutdown, or by visible crystallisation around fittings.",
        "de": "Eine Leckage im AdBlue-Versorgungssystem wurde erkannt — meist durch einen Druckabfalltest nach Pumpenabschaltung oder durch sichtbare Kristallisation an Verschraubungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_supply_line",
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_line_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked DEF line or fitting",
            "de": "Gerissene AdBlue-Leitung oder Verschraubung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_pump_seal_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump seal leaking",
            "de": "Pumpendichtung undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_injector_seal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector mounting seal leaking",
            "de": "Injektor-Aufnahmedichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P202E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF (urea) injection valve on bank 2, unit 1 does not respond to commands within the expected range — flow or response time off-spec, no obvious electrical fault.",
        "de": "Das DEF-Einspritzventil (Harnstoff) an Bank 2 Einheit 1 reagiert nicht im erwarteten Bereich — Durchflussmenge oder Ansprechzeit ausserhalb der Toleranz, ohne eindeutigen elektrischen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve",
        "reductant_metering_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_crystallization",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DEF crystallisation in nozzle",
            "de": "AdBlue-Kristallisation in der Düse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P201A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P202F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant/Regeneration Supply Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-/Regenerations-Versorgungssteuerung Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line that gates the DEF supply pump or the regeneration heating circuit does not respond as commanded — duty cycle, current draw, or response time off-spec.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Versorgungspumpe oder des Regenerationsheizkreises reagiert nicht wie befohlen — Tastverhältnis, Stromaufnahme oder Reaktionszeit ausserhalb der Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_supply_pump",
        "reductant_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_supply_relay_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply relay aged or pitted contacts",
            "de": "Versorgungsrelais gealtert oder Kontakte verbrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_supply_pump_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply pump motor brushes worn",
            "de": "Pumpenmotorbürsten verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2030",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Fired Heater Performance",
        "de": "Brennstoff-Standheizung Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel-fired auxiliary heater is operating but not delivering the expected heat output within the calibrated time — flame sensor reports weak combustion, exhaust temperature does not rise, or coolant heating rate is below threshold.",
        "de": "Die brennstoffbetriebene Zusatzheizung läuft, liefert aber im Kalibrierzeitfenster nicht die erwartete Heizleistung — Flammwächter meldet schwache Verbrennung, Abgastemperatur steigt nicht, oder Kühlmittel-Aufheizrate liegt unter Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_fired_heater",
        "heater_flame_sensor",
        "heater_combustion_chamber"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ffh_combustion_chamber_sooted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Combustion chamber sooted from short cycles",
            "de": "Brennkammer durch Kurzläufe verrusst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ffh_flame_sensor_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Flame sensor degraded",
            "de": "Flammwächter altert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2029"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2031",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust gas temperature (EGT) sensor at position 2 on bank 1 — typically downstream of the catalyst or before the DPF — reports an implausible signal. EGT sensors protect the turbocharger and DPF from over-temperature and time the regeneration cycle.",
        "de": "Der Abgastemperatursensor (EGT) an Position 2 auf Bank 1 — meist nach dem Katalysator oder vor dem DPF — liefert ein unplausibles Signal. EGT-Sensoren schützen Turbolader und DPF vor Übertemperatur und steuern den Regenerationszyklus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor",
        "egt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGT sensor failed",
            "de": "EGT-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egt_wiring_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring damaged by heat",
            "de": "Verkabelung durch Hitze beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2032",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Signal zu niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 1 position 2 reads below the lower limit. Common when the signal is shorted to ground or the sensor element is open.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 1 Position 2 liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert. Häufig durch Kurzschluss nach Masse oder ein offenes Sensorelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor",
        "egt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element open",
            "de": "Sensorelement unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2031"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2033",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Signal zu hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 1 position 2 reads above the upper limit. Usually a short to supply, an open ground or a sensor that drifted high — risk of false DPF over-temperature limp.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 1 Position 2 liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert. Meist ein Kurzschluss nach Plus, offene Masseleitung oder driftender Sensor — Risiko eines unberechtigten DPF-Übertemperatur-Notlaufs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor",
        "egt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift to high reading",
            "de": "Sensor driftet ins Hohe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2031"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2034",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Schaltkreis (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) sensor at bank 2 sensor 2 — open, short, or out of plausibility. EGT sensors monitor catalyst, DPF, and turbocharger inlet/outlet temperatures.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Abgastemperatur (EGT) Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 2 — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. EGT-Sensoren überwachen Katalysator-, DPF- und Turbolader-Ein-/Auslasstemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor",
        "egt_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGT sensor element failed",
            "de": "EGT-Sensorelement defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egt_harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire in EGT harness",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im EGT-Kabelbaum"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egt_connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded by exhaust heat",
            "de": "Stecker durch Abgashitze korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2035",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Schaltkreis Spannung niedrig (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor on bank 2 sensor 2 reads below the lower plausibility limit — short to ground or shorted sensor element.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 2 liegt unter der unteren Plausibilitätsgrenze — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder kurzgeschlossenes Sensorelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2034"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2036",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Schaltkreis Spannung hoch (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor on bank 2 sensor 2 reads above the upper plausibility limit — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 2 liegt über der oberen Plausibilitätsgrenze — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2034"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2037",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on reductant injection air-pressure sensor A — used on air-assisted DEF dosing systems to monitor the atomisation air pressure delivered to the injector.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor A — wird bei luftunterstützten AdBlue-Dosiersystemen genutzt, um den Zerstäubungsluftdruck am Injektor zu überwachen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_sensor",
        "reductant_air_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Luftdrucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault between sensor and PCM",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler zwischen Sensor und Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2038",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant injection air-pressure sensor A reads inside the electrical range but does not match expected behaviour over time or load — slow response or wrong offset.",
        "de": "Der Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor A liegt im elektrischen Bereich, weicht aber im Zeitverlauf oder unter Last vom erwarteten Verhalten ab — träge Reaktion oder falscher Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2037"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2039",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant injection air-pressure sensor A reads below its lower plausibility limit — short to ground or sensor internal short.",
        "de": "Der Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor A liegt unter der unteren Plausibilitätsgrenze — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder interner Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2037"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P203A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on DEF level sensor A — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. Some tanks use multiple level senders to cover irregular tank shapes; this is the primary one.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AdBlue-Füllstandsensor A — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Manche Tanks nutzen mehrere Füllstandgeber für unregelmässige Tankformen; dieser ist der primäre."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor",
        "reductant_tank"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_a_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sender failed — float, swing arm, or rheostat",
            "de": "Geber defekt — Schwimmer, Schwenkarm oder Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_level_a_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaum- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P203B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor A reading is in electrical range but plausibility check fails — value sticks, jumps, or does not match consumption.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor A liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — bleibt hängen, springt oder passt nicht zum Verbrauch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_a_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float arm sticks",
            "de": "Schwimmerarm hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P203C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor A reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor A liegt unter der unteren Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P203D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor A reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor A liegt über der oberen Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_a_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P203E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently — typically a corroded sender contact or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Das Signal des AdBlue-Füllstandsensors A springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist korrodierter Geberkontakt oder Verkabelungsproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_a_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sender contact",
            "de": "Korrodierter Geberkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P203F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstand zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF tank level has dropped below the warning threshold — driver action required to refill before the inducement strategy escalates to limp mode or no-restart.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Tankfüllstand ist unter die Warnschwelle gefallen — Fahrer muss nachfüllen, bevor die Anreizstrategie auf Notlauf oder Startverhinderung eskaliert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank",
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_low_no_refill",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DEF tank simply empty — refill needed",
            "de": "AdBlue-Tank schlicht leer — nachfüllen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_level_sensor_underread",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Level sensor under-reading",
            "de": "Füllstandsensor liest zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          60
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          0.3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2040",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant injection air-pressure sensor A reads above its upper plausibility limit — open signal line or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor A liegt über der oberen Plausibilitätsgrenze — offene Signalleitung oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2037"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2041",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant injection air-pressure sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or harness issue.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensors A springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_sensor",
        "reductant_air_pressure_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector or chafed wire",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Ader"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2037"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2042",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on reductant (DEF) temperature sensor A — used to compensate dosing for fluid viscosity and to enable tank heating in winter.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Reduktionsmittel (AdBlue) Temperatursensor A — kompensiert die Dosierung für Viskosität und steuert die Tankheizung im Winter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temperature_sensor",
        "reductant_tank"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_temp_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element failed",
            "de": "Sensorelement defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_temp_harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2043",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant temperature sensor A reading is within electrical range but plausibility check fails — slow response or sticks at one value through a tank-warming cycle.",
        "de": "Der Wert des Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensors A liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder bleibt während eines Tankheizzyklus konstant."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_temp_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drifts or sticks",
            "de": "Sensor driftet oder bleibt hängen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2042"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2044",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant temperature sensor A reads below its lower plausibility limit — short to ground.",
        "de": "Der Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor A liegt unter der unteren Plausibilitätsgrenze — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_temp_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2042"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2045",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant temperature sensor A reads above its upper plausibility limit — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor A liegt über der oberen Plausibilitätsgrenze — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_temp_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2042"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2046",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant temperature sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or harness fault.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensors A springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temperature_sensor",
        "reductant_temperature_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_temp_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2042"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2047",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit/Open (Bank 1 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis/offen (Bank 1 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF (urea) injection valve drive circuit at bank 1 unit 1 is open — no continuity through the solenoid winding or harness.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 1 Einheit 1 ist offen — kein Durchgang durch Magnetventilwicklung oder Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve",
        "reductant_injection_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_inj_open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between PCM and valve",
            "de": "Unterbrechung zwischen Steuergerät und Ventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_inj_connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded",
            "de": "Steckverbinder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2048",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Low (Bank 1 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve drive line at bank 1 unit 1 reads below the expected voltage — short to ground or stuck-low driver.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 1 Einheit 1 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder fehlerhafter Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2047"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2049",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit High (Bank 1 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve drive line at bank 1 unit 1 reads above the expected voltage — short to B+ or open ground.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 1 Einheit 1 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2047"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P204A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Drucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on the DEF system pressure sensor — used to verify pump priming, line pressure, and to detect leaks via pressure-decay tests.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AdBlue-Systemdrucksensor — überwacht Pumpenfüllung, Leitungsdruck und erkennt Lecks per Druckabfalltest."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pressure_sensor",
        "reductant_supply_line"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_press_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_press_harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P204B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Drucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pressure sensor reads within electrical range but plausibility fails — does not rise during prime, drift over a drive cycle, or stuck at a constant value.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Drucksensor liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — steigt beim Vorfüllen nicht, driftet über einen Fahrzyklus oder bleibt konstant."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift or stuck reading",
            "de": "Sensor driftet oder bleibt hängen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump pressure builds slowly",
            "de": "Pumpe baut Druck zu langsam auf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P204A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P204C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Drucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pressure sensor reads below the lower plausibility limit — short to ground or sensor element shorted.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Drucksensor liegt unter der unteren Plausibilitätsgrenze — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder kurzgeschlossenes Sensorelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P204A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P204D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Drucksensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pressure sensor reads above the upper plausibility limit — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Drucksensor liegt über der oberen Plausibilitätsgrenze — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_press_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P204A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P204E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Drucksensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pressure sensor signal is unstable or jumps — usually a connector or chafed wire.",
        "de": "Das Signal des AdBlue-Drucksensors ist instabil oder springt — meist Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Ader."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_press_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P204A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P204F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant System Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-System Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system using AdBlue/DEF is not delivering the expected NOx conversion. Causes range from poor reductant quality, dosing module faults, heater failure on the AdBlue tank in cold weather, or a degraded SCR catalyst.",
        "de": "Das SCR-System mit AdBlue/DEF erreicht nicht die erwartete NOx-Umsetzung. Ursachen reichen von schlechter Reduktionsmittelqualität über Fehler im Dosiermodul, Ausfall der AdBlue-Tankheizung bei Kälte bis zu einem degradierten SCR-Katalysator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "adblue_dosing_module",
        "adblue_tank_heater",
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adblue_quality_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor reductant quality or contamination",
            "de": "Schlechte Reduktionsmittelqualität oder Verunreinigung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dosing_module_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dosing module clogged with urea crystals",
            "de": "Dosiermodul mit Harnstoffkristallen verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scr_catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "SCR catalyst aged or contaminated",
            "de": "SCR-Katalysator gealtert oder verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2050",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit/Open (Bank 2 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis/offen (Bank 2 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF (urea) injection valve drive circuit at bank 2 unit 1 is open — no continuity through the solenoid winding or harness.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 2 Einheit 1 ist offen — kein Durchgang durch Magnetventilwicklung oder Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2047"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2051",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Low (Bank 2 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve drive line at bank 2 unit 1 reads below the expected voltage — short to ground or stuck-low driver.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 2 Einheit 1 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder fehlerhafter Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2048"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2052",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit High (Bank 2 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve drive line at bank 2 unit 1 reads above the expected voltage — short to B+ or open ground.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 2 Einheit 1 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2049"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2053",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit/Open (Bank 1 Unit 2)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis/offen (Bank 1 Einheit 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF (urea) injection valve drive circuit at bank 1 unit 1 is open — no continuity through the solenoid winding or harness.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 1 Einheit 1 ist offen — kein Durchgang durch Magnetventilwicklung oder Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2047"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2054",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Low (Bank 1 Unit 2)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Einheit 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve drive line at bank 1 unit 1 reads below the expected voltage — short to ground or stuck-low driver.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 1 Einheit 1 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder fehlerhafter Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2048"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2055",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit High (Bank 1 Unit 2)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1 Einheit 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve drive line at bank 1 unit 1 reads above the expected voltage — short to B+ or open ground.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 1 Einheit 1 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2049"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2056",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit/Open (Bank 2 Unit 2)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis/offen (Bank 2 Einheit 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF (urea) injection valve drive circuit at bank 2 unit 1 is open — no continuity through the solenoid winding or harness.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 2 Einheit 1 ist offen — kein Durchgang durch Magnetventilwicklung oder Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2047"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2057",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Low (Bank 2 Unit 2)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2 Einheit 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve drive line at bank 2 unit 1 reads below the expected voltage — short to ground or stuck-low driver.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 2 Einheit 1 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder fehlerhafter Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2048"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2058",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit High (Bank 2 Unit 2)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2 Einheit 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve drive line at bank 2 unit 1 reads above the expected voltage — short to B+ or open ground.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Einspritzventils an Bank 2 Einheit 1 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2049"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2059",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pump Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluft-Pumpe Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit driving the air-assist pump for DEF injection is open — atomisation air will not be available, dosing accuracy degrades.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der luftunterstützten AdBlue-Pumpe ist offen — die Zerstäubungsluft fehlt, die Dosiergenauigkeit verschlechtert sich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pump",
        "reductant_air_pump_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_pump_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open winding or supply wire",
            "de": "Wicklung oder Versorgung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P205A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteltank-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on DEF tank temperature sensor A — separate from the metering-unit temperature sensor and used to gate tank-heating.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AdBlue-Tank-Temperatursensor A — getrennt vom Sensor an der Dosiereinheit; steuert die Tankheizung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor",
        "reductant_tank"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_tank_temp_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element failed",
            "de": "Sensorelement defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_tank_temp_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P205B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteltank-Temperatursensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF tank temperature sensor A reads within electrical range but plausibility fails — sensor sticks during a heating cycle.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Tank-Temperatursensor A liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — bleibt während eines Heizzyklus konstant."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_tank_temp_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drifts",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P205A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P205C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteltank-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF tank temperature sensor A reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Tank-Temperatursensor A liegt unter der unteren Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_tank_temp_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P205A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P205D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteltank-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF tank temperature sensor A reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Tank-Temperatursensor A liegt über der oberen Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_tank_temp_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P205A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P205E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteltank-Temperatursensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF tank temperature sensor A signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or harness issue.",
        "de": "Das Signal des AdBlue-Tank-Temperatursensors A springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_tank_temp_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P205A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P205F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant System Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-System Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF system as a whole on bank 2 is not delivering the required NOx reduction — NOx-out remains too high relative to commanded dosing across a drive cycle. Causes range from poor DEF quality, restricted dosing line, weak pump, to a degraded SCR catalyst.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-System an Bank 2 erreicht nicht die geforderte NOx-Reduktion — NOx-Ausstoss bleibt über einen Fahrzyklus zu hoch trotz angeforderter Dosierung. Ursachen reichen von schlechter AdBlue-Qualität über eingeschränkte Dosierleitung und schwache Pumpe bis hin zu einem gealterten SCR-Kat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "reductant_metering_unit",
        "reductant_quality_sensor",
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_quality_poor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor DEF quality — diluted or contaminated",
            "de": "AdBlue-Qualität schlecht — verdünnt oder verunreinigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scr_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "SCR catalyst thermally aged",
            "de": "SCR-Katalysator thermisch gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_dosing_restriction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Crystallisation restricts dosing line",
            "de": "Kristallisation schränkt Dosierleitung ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2060",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pump Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluft-Pumpe Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit driving the air-assist pump for DEF injection is open — atomisation air will not be available, dosing accuracy degrades.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der luftunterstützten AdBlue-Pumpe ist offen — die Zerstäubungsluft fehlt, die Dosiergenauigkeit verschlechtert sich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_pump_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2059"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2061",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pump Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluft-Pumpe Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit driving the air-assist pump for DEF injection is open — atomisation air will not be available, dosing accuracy degrades.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der luftunterstützten AdBlue-Pumpe ist offen — die Zerstäubungsluft fehlt, die Dosiergenauigkeit verschlechtert sich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_pump_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2059"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2062",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant/Regeneration Supply Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-/Regenerations-Versorgungssteuerung Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line that energises the DEF supply pump or regeneration heating circuit is open — no continuity through the load or harness.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Versorgungspumpe oder des Regenerationsheizkreises ist offen — kein Durchgang durch Last oder Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_supply_pump",
        "reductant_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_supply_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open winding",
            "de": "Wicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_supply_open_wire",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2063",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant/Regeneration Supply Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-/Regenerations-Versorgungssteuerung Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant/regeneration supply control line stuck low — short to ground or stuck-low driver.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-/Regenerationsversorgung niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder fehlerhafter Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_supply_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_supply_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2062"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2064",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant/Regeneration Supply Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-/Regenerations-Versorgungssteuerung Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant/regeneration supply control line stuck high — short to B+ or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-/Regenerationsversorgung hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_supply_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_supply_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2062"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2065",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstand-Sensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on the secondary fuel-level sensor (B) — vehicles with saddle tanks or auxiliary tanks use a second sender to cover the full tank volume.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Zweit-Kraftstoffstandgeber (B) — Fahrzeuge mit Sattel- oder Zusatztank nutzen einen zweiten Geber für das gesamte Tankvolumen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_b",
        "fuel_tank"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sender failed — float, swing arm, or rheostat",
            "de": "Geber defekt — Schwimmer, Schwenkarm oder Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_b_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness or connector fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaum- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2066",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor B Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstand-Sensor B Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Secondary fuel-level sensor B reads within range but plausibility check fails — value sticks, jumps, or does not match consumption.",
        "de": "Der Zweit-Kraftstoffstandgeber B liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — bleibt hängen, springt oder passt nicht zum Verbrauch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_b_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float arm sticks",
            "de": "Schwimmerarm hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2065"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2067",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstand-Sensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel-level sensor B reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoffstandgeber B liegt unter der unteren Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2065"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2068",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstand-Sensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel-level sensor B reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoffstandgeber B liegt über der oberen Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_b_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2065"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2069",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Kraftstoffstand-Sensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel-level sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently — usually a corroded sender or wiring.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kraftstoffstandgebers B springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist korrodierter Geber oder Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_level_b_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sender contact",
            "de": "Korrodierter Geberkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2065"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P206A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Quality Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Qualitätssensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on the DEF (urea) quality sensor — measures urea concentration via ultrasonic or refractive method to detect water dilution or wrong fluid.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AdBlue-Qualitätssensor — misst die Harnstoffkonzentration per Ultraschall oder Brechungsindex und erkennt Verdünnung oder Falschbefüllung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_quality_sensor",
        "reductant_tank"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_quality_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_quality_harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P206B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Quality Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Qualitätssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF quality sensor reads in range but reports an off-spec urea concentration — typically diluted DEF or non-DEF fluid in the tank.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Qualitätssensor liegt im Bereich, meldet aber eine abweichende Harnstoffkonzentration — meist verdünntes oder falsches AdBlue im Tank."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_quality_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_diluted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DEF diluted with water",
            "de": "AdBlue mit Wasser verdünnt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_wrong_fluid",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong fluid in DEF tank",
            "de": "Falsche Flüssigkeit im AdBlue-Tank"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P206A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P206C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Quality Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Qualitätssensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF quality sensor reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Qualitätssensor liegt unter der unteren Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_quality_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_quality_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P206A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P206D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Quality Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Qualitätssensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF quality sensor reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Qualitätssensor liegt über der oberen Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_quality_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_quality_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P206A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P206E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Stuck Open (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) hängt offen (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake-manifold tuning (IMT) valve on bank 2 is mechanically stuck open — long-runner mode is unavailable, breathing characteristic is wrong at low rpm.",
        "de": "Die Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) an Bank 2 hängt mechanisch offen — Lang-Saugrohrbetrieb fehlt, das Strömungsverhalten bei niedriger Drehzahl stimmt nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_valve",
        "imt_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup blocks flap travel",
            "de": "Verkokung blockiert Klappenweg"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imt_actuator_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator seized",
            "de": "Steller fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P206F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Stuck Closed (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) hängt geschlossen (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMT valve on bank 2 is mechanically stuck closed — short-runner mode is unavailable, top-end power suffers.",
        "de": "Die IMT-Klappe an Bank 2 hängt mechanisch geschlossen — Kurz-Saugrohrbetrieb fehlt, Spitzenleistung leidet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_valve",
        "imt_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup blocks flap travel",
            "de": "Verkokung blockiert Klappenweg"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P206E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2070",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Stuck Open (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) hängt offen (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake-manifold tuning (IMT) valve on bank 2 is mechanically stuck open — long-runner mode is unavailable, breathing characteristic is wrong at low rpm.",
        "de": "Die Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) an Bank 2 hängt mechanisch offen — Lang-Saugrohrbetrieb fehlt, das Strömungsverhalten bei niedriger Drehzahl stimmt nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_valve",
        "imt_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup",
            "de": "Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P206E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2071",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Stuck Closed (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) hängt geschlossen (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMT valve on bank 2 is mechanically stuck closed — short-runner mode is unavailable, top-end power suffers.",
        "de": "Die IMT-Klappe an Bank 2 hängt mechanisch geschlossen — Kurz-Saugrohrbetrieb fehlt, Spitzenleistung leidet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_valve",
        "imt_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup",
            "de": "Verkokung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P206F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2072",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System - Ice Blockage (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Drosselklappensystem - Vereisung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electronic throttle on bank 1 is jammed by ice — typical at very low ambient temperatures with high humidity, after a short trip that did not warm the throttle housing. The strategy attempts a self-clearing motion before setting the code.",
        "de": "Die elektronische Drosselklappe an Bank 1 ist durch Vereisung blockiert — typisch bei sehr niedrigen Aussentemperaturen mit hoher Luftfeuchte und Kurzstrecke, bevor der Drosselkörper warm wird. Die Strategie versucht eine Selbstfreigabe, bevor der Code gesetzt wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electronic_throttle_body",
        "throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_ice_blockage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ice formed in throttle body",
            "de": "Eisbildung im Drosselkörper"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_warming_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle housing coolant warming circuit blocked",
            "de": "Drosselkörper-Heizkreislauf blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2073",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure / Mass Air Flow - Throttle Position Correlation at Idle",
        "de": "Saugrohrdruck / Luftmassenmesser - Drosselklappenposition Korrelation im Leerlauf"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "At idle, the relationship between MAP/MAF and throttle position does not match the calibrated map — typically a vacuum leak, dirty MAF, sticking throttle plate, or sensor drift.",
        "de": "Im Leerlauf passt das Verhältnis zwischen MAP/MAF und Drosselklappenstellung nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist Falschluft, verschmutzter MAF, klemmende Drosselklappe oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "manifold_absolute_pressure_sensor",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "intake_manifold"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak_idle",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak — cracked hose, gasket, or PCV",
            "de": "Falschluft — Rissige Leitung, Dichtung oder Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor contaminated",
            "de": "Luftmassenmesser verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup at throttle plate",
            "de": "Verkokung am Drosselklappenrand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2074",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure / Mass Air Flow - Throttle Position Correlation at Higher Load",
        "de": "Saugrohrdruck / Luftmassenmesser - Drosselklappenposition Korrelation bei höherer Last"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "At higher load, the relationship between MAP/MAF and throttle position does not match the calibrated map — typically a charge-air leak, restricted intake, or wide-open MAF underread.",
        "de": "Bei höherer Last passt das Verhältnis zwischen MAP/MAF und Drosselklappenstellung nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist Ladeluft-Leck, eingeschränkter Ansaugtrakt oder MAF-Unterauslesung im Volllastbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "manifold_absolute_pressure_sensor",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "charge_air_pipe",
        "intake_air_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charge_air_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge-air pipe leak after turbo",
            "de": "Leck im Ladeluftrohr nach dem Turbolader"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor contaminated",
            "de": "Luftmassenmesser verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_filter_restricted",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air filter heavily restricted",
            "de": "Luftfilter stark verengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2073"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2075",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) Positionssensor Schaltkreis (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on the IMT valve position sensor at bank 1 — open, short, or out of plausibility.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am IMT-Klappenpositionssensor an Bank 1 — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_position_sensor",
        "imt_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_pos_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imt_harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2076",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IMT valve position sensor at bank 1 reads in range but plausibility check fails — value sticks or does not match commanded position.",
        "de": "Der IMT-Klappenpositionssensor an Bank 1 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — bleibt hängen oder passt nicht zur Sollposition."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_pos_sticks",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position feedback sticks",
            "de": "Positions-Feedback bleibt hängen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2075"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2077",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) Positionssensor Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IMT position sensor at bank 1 reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Der IMT-Positionssensor an Bank 1 liegt unter der unteren Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_pos_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2075"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2078",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor/Switch Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) Positionssensor Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IMT position sensor at bank 1 reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der IMT-Positionssensor an Bank 1 liegt über der oberen Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_pos_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2075"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2079",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) Positionssensor Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IMT position sensor at bank 1 signal is unstable — connector or harness issue.",
        "de": "Das IMT-Positionssensorsignal an Bank 1 ist instabil — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_pos_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2075"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P207A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor/Switch Circuit (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) Positionssensor Schaltkreis (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on the IMT valve position sensor at bank 2 — open, short, or out of plausibility.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am IMT-Klappenpositionssensor an Bank 2 — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_pos_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2075"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P207B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IMT valve position sensor at bank 2 reads in range but plausibility check fails — value sticks or does not match commanded position.",
        "de": "Der IMT-Klappenpositionssensor an Bank 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — bleibt hängen oder passt nicht zur Sollposition."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_pos_sticks",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position feedback sticks",
            "de": "Positions-Feedback bleibt hängen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2076"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P207C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) Positionssensor Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IMT position sensor at bank 2 reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Der IMT-Positionssensor an Bank 2 liegt unter der unteren Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_pos_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2077"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P207D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor/Switch Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) Positionssensor Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IMT position sensor at bank 2 reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der IMT-Positionssensor an Bank 2 liegt über der oberen Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_pos_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2078"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P207E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Klappe (IMT) Positionssensor Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "IMT position sensor at bank 2 signal is unstable — connector or harness issue.",
        "de": "Das IMT-Positionssensorsignal an Bank 2 ist instabil — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imt_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imt_pos_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2079"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P207F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Quality Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Qualität Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has concluded that the AdBlue/DEF in the tank does not meet specification. Diagnosed by comparing expected NOx reduction against the dosed reductant volume — too much dosing for too little NOx drop indicates diluted or wrong fluid.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung folgert, dass das AdBlue/DEF im Tank nicht der Spezifikation entspricht. Erkannt durch Vergleich der erwarteten NOx-Reduktion mit der eingespritzten Reduktionsmittelmenge — viel Dosierung bei wenig NOx-Abbau weist auf verdünnte oder falsche Flüssigkeit hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "adblue_tank",
        "nox_sensor",
        "scr_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adblue_diluted_with_water",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "AdBlue diluted with water or wrong fluid filled",
            "de": "AdBlue mit Wasser verdünnt oder falsche Flüssigkeit eingefüllt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "NOx sensor drift gives false reductant-quality verdict",
            "de": "NOx-Sensordrift führt zu falschem Qualitätsurteil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2080",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Range/Performance (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Bereich/Plausibilität (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pre-catalyst EGT sensor on bank 1 returns a value that does not match the expected temperature curve under load. Often slow response time after long service life or a contaminated tip.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor vor dem Katalysator auf Bank 1 liefert einen Wert, der nicht zur erwarteten Temperaturkurve unter Last passt. Häufig durch träge Reaktion nach langer Laufzeit oder verschmutzte Sensorspitze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged — slow response",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert — träge Reaktion"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor tip soot-fouled",
            "de": "Sensorspitze versottet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2081",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 1 sensor 1 signal jumps or drops out intermittently — typically a connector or chafed wire near the exhaust manifold heat zone.",
        "de": "Das Signal des EGT-Sensors an Bank 1 Sensor 1 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Ader nahe der Krümmer-Hitzezone."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor",
        "egt_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_intermittent_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or oxidised",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder oxidiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egt_chafed_wire",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire chafed against exhaust shielding",
            "de": "Leitung an Hitzeschutz durchgescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2082",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 1 reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response, stuck reading, or value does not track other EGT sensors during a regeneration.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 1 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — träge Reaktion, eingefrorener Wert oder folgt anderen EGT-Sensoren bei Regeneration nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift over service life",
            "de": "Sensor driftet im Lauf der Betriebszeit"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2034"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2083",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 1 signal jumps or drops out intermittently — typically a connector or chafed wire near the exhaust manifold heat zone.",
        "de": "Das Signal des EGT-Sensors an Bank 2 Sensor 1 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Ader nahe der Krümmer-Hitzezone."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_intermittent_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2081"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2084",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Range/Performance (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Bereich/Plausibilität (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 1 sensor 2 EGT reading deviates from the expected ratio against the upstream EGT sensor or modeled exhaust temperature. Confuses DPF regeneration control and may force a forced regen.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Wert von Bank 1 Sensor 2 weicht vom erwarteten Verhältnis zur Vorgängersonde oder zur modellierten Abgastemperatur ab. Stört die DPF-Regenerationssteuerung und kann eine erzwungene Regeneration auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or drifting",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert oder driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_loading_extreme",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF heavily loaded — non-physical temperature gradient",
            "de": "DPF stark beladen — physikalisch unplausibler Temperaturgradient"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2080",
        "P2031"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2085",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 1 sensor 2 signal jumps or drops out intermittently — typically a connector or chafed wire near the exhaust manifold heat zone.",
        "de": "Das Signal des EGT-Sensors an Bank 1 Sensor 2 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Ader nahe der Krümmer-Hitzezone."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_intermittent_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2081"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2086",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 2 reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response, stuck reading, or value does not track other EGT sensors during a regeneration.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — träge Reaktion, eingefrorener Wert oder folgt anderen EGT-Sensoren bei Regeneration nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2082"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2087",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 2 signal jumps or drops out intermittently — typically a connector or chafed wire near the exhaust manifold heat zone.",
        "de": "Das Signal des EGT-Sensors an Bank 2 Sensor 2 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist Stecker oder durchgescheuerte Ader nahe der Krümmer-Hitzezone."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_intermittent_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose",
            "de": "Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2081"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2088",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position A Actuator Control Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenversteller A Ansteuerung Signal zu niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage to the intake VVT oil control valve on bank 1 reads below the lower limit. Usually a short to ground or a coil shorted internally.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung am Einlass-VVT-Magnetventil auf Bank 1 liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert. Meist ein Kurzschluss nach Masse oder eine intern kurzgeschlossene Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vvt_solenoid",
        "vvt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vvt_solenoid_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil internally shorted",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2089",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position A Actuator Control Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenversteller A Ansteuerung Signal zu hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage to the intake VVT oil control valve on bank 1 is above the upper limit — short to supply or open ground side. The solenoid is energised constantly or the driver protection trips.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung am Einlass-VVT-Magnetventil auf Bank 1 liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masseseite. Das Ventil bestromt durchgehend oder die Endstufenüberwachung schaltet ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vvt_solenoid",
        "vvt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU driver stage failed",
            "de": "Endstufe im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2088"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P208A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line driving DEF pump A is open — no continuity through the motor or harness, dosing pressure cannot be built.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Pumpe A ist offen — kein Durchgang durch Motor oder Kabelbaum, Dosierdruck kann nicht aufgebaut werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_pump_relay",
        "reductant_supply_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_a_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor winding open",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor-Wicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_a_open_wire",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire to pump",
            "de": "Leitung zur Pumpe unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P208B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump A Control Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe A Steuerung Leistung/aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pump A receives a run command but does not start, or shuts off prematurely — pump performance is below threshold.",
        "de": "Die AdBlue-Pumpe A erhält den Laufbefehl, startet aber nicht oder schaltet vorzeitig ab — Pumpenleistung unterhalb der Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_a_motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor seized — DEF crystallised inside pump head",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor fest — AdBlue im Pumpenkopf auskristallisiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_a_brushes_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor brushes worn",
            "de": "Motorbürsten verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P208A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P208C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pump A control line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Pumpe A ist niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P208A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P208D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pump A control line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Pumpe A ist hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_a_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P208A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P208E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Stuck Closed (Bank 1 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil hängt geschlossen (Bank 1 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve at bank 1 unit 1 does not open when commanded — typically crystallised DEF blocks the nozzle, no flow into the SCR.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Einspritzventil an Bank 1 Einheit 1 öffnet auf Befehl nicht — meist blockiert auskristallisiertes AdBlue die Düse, kein Durchfluss in den SCR."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_crystallized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Nozzle crystallised",
            "de": "Düse auskristallisiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_inj_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized",
            "de": "Ventil festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P208F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Stuck Closed (Bank 2 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil hängt geschlossen (Bank 2 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve at bank 2 unit 1 does not open when commanded — typically crystallised DEF blocks the nozzle, no flow into the SCR.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Einspritzventil an Bank 2 Einheit 1 öffnet auf Befehl nicht — meist blockiert auskristallisiertes AdBlue die Düse, kein Durchfluss in den SCR."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_crystallized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Nozzle crystallised",
            "de": "Düse auskristallisiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P208E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2090",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position B Actuator Control Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenversteller B Ansteuerung Signal zu niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage to the exhaust VVT oil control valve on bank 1 is below the lower limit. Same failure pattern as P2088 but for the exhaust cam phaser.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung am Auslass-VVT-Magnetventil auf Bank 1 liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert. Gleiches Fehlerbild wie P2088, für den Auslass-Nockenwellenversteller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vvt_solenoid",
        "vvt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vvt_solenoid_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust VVT solenoid internally shorted",
            "de": "Auslass-VVT-Magnetventil intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2088"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2091",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position B Actuator Control Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenversteller B Ansteuerung Signal zu hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage to the exhaust VVT oil control valve on bank 1 is above the upper limit. Mirror image of P2089 on the exhaust cam side.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung am Auslass-VVT-Magnetventil auf Bank 1 liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert. Pendant zu P2089 für die Auslassnockenwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vvt_solenoid",
        "vvt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU driver stage failed",
            "de": "Endstufe im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2090"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2092",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositions-Steller A Steuerkreis niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake (A) camshaft phaser solenoid drive line on bank 2 is stuck low — short to ground or stuck-low driver. Variable-valve timing on intake bank 2 cannot be modulated.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des Einlass (A) Nockenwellen-Stellers an Bank 2 ist niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder fehlerhafter Treiber. Die variable Ventilsteuerung auf der Einlass-Bank 2 kann nicht moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "vvt_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vvt_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground in solenoid drive line",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse in der Magnetventil-Treiberleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vvt_solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding shorted internally",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2093",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositions-Steller A Steuerkreis hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake (A) camshaft phaser solenoid drive line on bank 2 is stuck high — short to B+ or open ground.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des Einlass (A) Nockenwellen-Stellers an Bank 2 ist hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "vvt_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vvt_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vvt_open_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open ground return",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Masse-Rückleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2092"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2094",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositions-Steller B Steuerkreis niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust (B) camshaft phaser solenoid drive line on bank 2 is stuck low — short to ground or stuck-low driver.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des Auslass (B) Nockenwellen-Stellers an Bank 2 ist niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder fehlerhafter Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "vvt_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vvt_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2092"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2095",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositions-Steller B Steuerkreis hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust (B) camshaft phaser solenoid drive line on bank 2 is stuck high — short to B+ or open ground.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung des Auslass (B) Nockenwellen-Stellers an Bank 2 ist hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_actuator",
        "vvt_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vvt_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2093"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2096",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nachkat-Kraftstofftrim System zu mager (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Long-term fuel trim derived from the downstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 has reached the lean limit. The downstream-trim correction is a fine adjustment that runs after the main trim from the upstream sensor; persistent excursion suggests a degraded catalyst, an exhaust leak after the catalyst, or a drifting downstream sensor.",
        "de": "Die aus der nachgeschalteten Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 abgeleitete Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimmung hat ihren mageren Anschlag erreicht. Diese Nach-Kat-Trimmung ist eine Feinkorrektur, die zusätzlich zur Haupttrimmung der Vorsonde läuft; ein dauerhaft mageres Auslenken weist auf einen degradierten Katalysator, ein Abgasleck nach dem Katalysator oder eine driftende Nachsonde hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "catalytic_converter",
        "exhaust_pipe_post_cat"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_post_cat",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak after catalyst (post-cat sensor sees ambient air)",
            "de": "Abgasleck nach Katalysator (Nach-Sonde sieht Umgebungsluft)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream sensor drifting",
            "de": "Nachsonde driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "catalyst_degraded",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst lightly degraded",
            "de": "Katalysator leicht degradiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2097",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Nachkat-Kraftstofftrim System zu fett (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Long-term post-catalyst fuel trim on bank 1 has reached its rich limit. The downstream sensor sees more reductant than expected, often pointing to a degraded catalyst that no longer stores oxygen, or a failing downstream sensor biased rich.",
        "de": "Die Langzeit-Nachkat-Kraftstofftrimmung auf Bank 1 hat ihren fetten Anschlag erreicht. Die Nachsonde misst mehr Reduktionsmittel als erwartet, was häufig auf einen degradierten Katalysator ohne Sauerstoffspeicher oder eine ins Fette driftende Nachsonde hindeutet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "catalytic_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_degraded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst oxygen storage exhausted",
            "de": "Sauerstoffspeicher des Katalysators erschöpft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_drift_rich",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream sensor biased rich",
            "de": "Nachsonde fett verstellt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2096"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2098",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Lean (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nachkat-Kraftstofftrim System zu mager (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 counterpart of P2096. The post-catalyst fuel trim correction on bank 2 has reached its lean limit, suggesting an exhaust leak after the bank 2 catalyst, a drifting downstream sensor, or a degraded catalyst.",
        "de": "Bank-2-Pendant zu P2096. Die Nachkat-Trimmung an Bank 2 hat den mageren Anschlag erreicht — Hinweis auf ein Abgasleck hinter dem Bank-2-Katalysator, eine driftende Nachsonde oder einen degradierten Katalysator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "catalytic_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_post_cat",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak after bank 2 catalyst",
            "de": "Abgasleck nach Bank-2-Katalysator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bank 2 downstream sensor drifting",
            "de": "Bank-2-Nachsonde driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2096"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2099",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Too Rich (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Nachkat-Kraftstofftrim System zu fett (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 counterpart of P2097. Post-catalyst trim on bank 2 has reached the rich limit — usually a depleted catalyst or a downstream sensor biased rich on the bank 2 side.",
        "de": "Bank-2-Pendant zu P2097. Die Nachkat-Trimmung an Bank 2 hat den fetten Anschlag erreicht — meist erschöpfter Katalysator oder fett driftende Nachsonde auf Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "catalytic_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_degraded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bank 2 catalyst oxygen storage exhausted",
            "de": "Sauerstoffspeicher des Bank-2-Katalysators erschöpft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_drift_rich",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bank 2 downstream sensor biased rich",
            "de": "Bank-2-Nachsonde fett verstellt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2097"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P209A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on reductant injection air-pressure sensor B — the second air-assist pressure sensor on dual-bank or dual-injector DEF systems.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor B — zweiter Luftdrucksensor bei Zwei-Bank- oder Zwei-Injektor-AdBlue-Systemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_b_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P209B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant injection air-pressure sensor B reads inside the electrical range but does not match expected behaviour over time or load — slow response or wrong offset.",
        "de": "Der Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor B liegt im elektrischen Bereich, weicht aber im Zeitverlauf oder unter Last vom erwarteten Verhalten ab — träge Reaktion oder falscher Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_b_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P209A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P209C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant injection air-pressure sensor B reads below its lower plausibility limit — short to ground or sensor internal short.",
        "de": "Der Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor B liegt unter der unteren Plausibilitätsgrenze — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder interner Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P209A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P209D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant injection air-pressure sensor B reads above its upper plausibility limit — open signal line or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor B liegt über der oberen Plausibilitätsgrenze — offene Signalleitung oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_b_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P209A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P209E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritz-Luftdrucksensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The two reductant injection air-pressure sensors A and B disagree by more than the allowed tolerance — one is reading off, or there is a real pressure imbalance between the two air-assist branches.",
        "de": "Die beiden Luftdrucksensoren A und B im AdBlue-System weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab — einer driftet, oder es liegt ein realer Druckunterschied zwischen den beiden Luftpfaden vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_sensor",
        "reductant_air_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_correlation",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifts relative to the other",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet relativ zum anderen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_air_branch_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Real imbalance between air branches",
            "de": "Reale Asymmetrie zwischen den Luftpfaden"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P209F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Heater Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteltank-Heizung Steuerkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF tank heater is electrically OK but does not warm the tank within the expected time — element is partially open, fluid level too low for proper heat transfer, or the heater is undersized for the ambient temperature.",
        "de": "Die AdBlue-Tankheizung ist elektrisch in Ordnung, erwärmt den Tank aber nicht im erwarteten Zeitfenster — Element teilweise unterbrochen, Füllstand zu niedrig für Wärmeübergang oder zu schwach für die Aussentemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_heater",
        "reductant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_heater_partial_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element partially open",
            "de": "Heizelement teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_level_too_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "DEF level too low for heat transfer",
            "de": "AdBlue-Füllstand zu niedrig für Wärmeübergang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P202A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Spülventil A Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant purge control valve A drive circuit is open — used to evacuate DEF lines back to the tank when the engine is shut down to prevent freezing damage.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des AdBlue-Spülventils A ist offen — das Ventil entleert die AdBlue-Leitungen zurück in den Tank beim Motor-Aus, um Frostschäden zu verhindern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve A Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Spülventil A Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant purge control valve A is electrically OK but does not vent the line within the expected time — partial blockage or weakened solenoid.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Spülventil A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, entlüftet die Leitung aber nicht im erwarteten Zeitfenster — teilweise verstopft oder Magnet schwach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_partial_block",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial blockage from crystallisation",
            "de": "Teilblockade durch Kristallisation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20A0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Spülventil A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant purge control valve A drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Spülventils A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20A0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve A Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Spülventil A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant purge control valve A drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Spülventils A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20A0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve A Stuck Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Spülventil A hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant purge control valve A is mechanically stuck open — system cannot maintain dosing pressure because the line is constantly vented to the tank.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Spülventil A hängt mechanisch offen — das System kann keinen Dosierdruck halten, weil die Leitung dauerhaft zum Tank entlüftet ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open mechanically",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20A0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve A Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Spülventil A hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant purge control valve A is mechanically stuck closed — DEF lines cannot be vented at shutdown, increasing risk of freeze damage in winter.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Spülventil A hängt mechanisch geschlossen — AdBlue-Leitungen können beim Abstellen nicht entlüftet werden, erhöhte Frostschadengefahr im Winter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed mechanically",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch geschlossen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20A0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Control Valve Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluft-Druckregelventil Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the air-assist pressure-control valve in the DEF system is open — atomisation pressure cannot be regulated, dosing accuracy degrades.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Druckregelventils für die Zerstäubungsluft im AdBlue-System ist offen — der Zerstäubungsdruck kann nicht geregelt werden, Dosiergenauigkeit verschlechtert sich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_press_valve_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Control Valve Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluft-Druckregelventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant air-pressure control valve is electrically OK but cannot hold or modulate pressure within calibration — partial blockage or weak solenoid.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Luftdruckregelventil ist elektrisch in Ordnung, kann den Druck aber nicht im Kalibrierungsbereich halten — teilweise verstopft oder Magnet schwach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_press_valve_partial_block",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial blockage",
            "de": "Teilblockade"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20A6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Control Valve Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluft-Druckregelventil Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant air-pressure control valve drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Luftdruckregelventils niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_press_valve_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20A6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Control Valve Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluft-Druckregelventil Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant air-pressure control valve drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Luftdruckregelventils hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_press_valve_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20A6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Control Valve Stuck Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluft-Druckregelventil hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant air-pressure control valve mechanically stuck open — air pressure cannot be reduced, dosing atomisation off-spec.",
        "de": "AdBlue-Luftdruckregelventil mechanisch offen — Luftdruck kann nicht reduziert werden, Zerstäubung ausserhalb der Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_press_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ventil offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20A6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Control Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluft-Druckregelventil hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant air-pressure control valve mechanically stuck closed — air supply blocked, dosing fails.",
        "de": "AdBlue-Luftdruckregelventil mechanisch geschlossen — Luftversorgung blockiert, Dosierung fällt aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pressure_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_press_valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20A6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit Temperatursensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on the temperature sensor inside the DEF metering unit — used to protect the unit from over-temperature and to compensate for fluid viscosity.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor in der AdBlue-Dosiereinheit — schützt die Einheit vor Übertemperatur und kompensiert die Viskosität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit",
        "reductant_metering_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "meter_temp_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element failed",
            "de": "Sensorelement defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "meter_temp_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Metering unit temperature sensor in range but fails plausibility — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "Temperatursensor der Dosiereinheit im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "meter_temp_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20AC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Metering unit temperature sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Temperatursensor der Dosiereinheit unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "meter_temp_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20AC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Metering unit temperature sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Temperatursensor der Dosiereinheit über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "meter_temp_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20AC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit Temperatursensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Metering unit temperature sensor signal jumps or drops out — connector or harness issue.",
        "de": "Signal des Temperatursensors der Dosiereinheit springt oder fällt aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "meter_temp_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20AC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Coolant Control Valve Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Heizkühlmittel-Regelventil Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the engine-coolant control valve that warms the DEF tank/lines is open — coolant cannot be routed to the heating loop.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Kühlmittel-Regelventils, das den AdBlue-Tank bzw. die Leitungen erwärmt, ist offen — Kühlmittel kann nicht in den Heizkreislauf geleitet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_coolant_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_valve_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Coolant Control Valve Performance/Stuck Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Heizkühlmittel-Regelventil Leistung/offen festgesetzt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant coolant control valve is electrically OK but stuck open or does not modulate as commanded — DEF heating loop loses control authority.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Heizkühlmittel-Regelventil ist elektrisch in Ordnung, hängt aber offen oder reagiert nicht auf Kommandos — Heizkreislauf nicht regelbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_coolant_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ventil offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Coolant Control Valve Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Heizkühlmittel-Regelventil Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant coolant control valve drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Heizkühlmittel-Regelventils niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_coolant_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_valve_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Coolant Control Valve Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Heizkühlmittel-Regelventil Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant coolant control valve drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des AdBlue-Heizkühlmittel-Regelventils hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_coolant_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_valve_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit Heater Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit Heizung Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the heater inside the DEF metering unit is open — winter operation cannot keep the dosing block above freezing.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Heizung in der AdBlue-Dosiereinheit ist offen — der Winterbetrieb kann den Dosierblock nicht über dem Gefrierpunkt halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "meter_heater_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater winding open",
            "de": "Heizwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit Heater Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit Heizung Steuerkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Metering unit heater is electrically OK but does not warm the block within the expected time — partial winding fault or excessive heat loss.",
        "de": "Heizung der Dosiereinheit elektrisch in Ordnung, erwärmt den Block aber nicht im Zeitfenster — teilweiser Wicklungsfehler oder zu hohe Wärmeabgabe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "meter_heater_partial",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial winding fault",
            "de": "Teilweiser Wicklungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit Heizung Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Metering unit heater control line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der Dosiereinheit-Heizung niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "meter_heater_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit Heizung Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Metering unit heater control line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der Dosiereinheit-Heizung hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "meter_heater_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung A Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater A (typically the supply line heater nearest the tank) control circuit is open — that segment of DEF line will not be kept above freezing in winter.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis der AdBlue-Heizung A (meist Versorgungsleitungsheizung nahe Tank) offen — dieser AdBlue-Leitungsabschnitt bleibt im Winter nicht frostfrei."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_a_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater winding open",
            "de": "Heizwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater A Control Performance",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung A Steuerung Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant (AdBlue/DEF) tank or line heater A does not reach the expected temperature within the calibrated time window. In cold weather frozen DEF blocks the SCR dosing system and the engine enters a no-restart state after ignored warnings.",
        "de": "Die AdBlue-Heizung A für Tank oder Leitung erreicht die erwartete Temperatur nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeitfensters. Bei Kälte blockiert gefrorener Harnstoff die SCR-Dosierung; nach ignorierten Warnungen geht der Motor in den Startverhinderungs-Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_heater",
        "reductant_line_heater",
        "reductant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "reductant_heater_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element failed",
            "de": "Heizelement defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reductant_temp_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tank temperature sensor drift",
            "de": "Tanktemperatursensor driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reductant_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater relay failed",
            "de": "Heizungsrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater A control line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Heizung A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater A control line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Heizung A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_a_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung B Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater B (next supply-line segment) control circuit open — that line segment will not be kept above freezing.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis der AdBlue-Heizung B (nächster Leitungsabschnitt) offen — dieser Abschnitt bleibt im Winter nicht frostfrei."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_b_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater winding open",
            "de": "Heizwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater B Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung B Steuerkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater B is electrically OK but does not warm the line in time — partial winding fault or excessive heat loss.",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung B elektrisch in Ordnung, erwärmt die Leitung aber nicht im Zeitfenster — teilweiser Wicklungsfehler oder zu hoher Wärmeverlust."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_b_partial",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial winding fault",
            "de": "Teilweiser Wicklungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater B control line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Heizung B niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater B control line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Heizung B hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20BD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung C Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater C control circuit open.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis der AdBlue-Heizung C offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_c_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater winding open",
            "de": "Heizwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater C Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung C Steuerkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater C does not warm in time — partial fault.",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung C erwärmt nicht im Zeitfenster — teilweiser Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_c_partial",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial winding fault",
            "de": "Teilweiser Wicklungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20C1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater C control line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Heizung C niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_c_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20C1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater C control line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Heizung C hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_c_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20C1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater D Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung D Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater D control circuit open.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis der AdBlue-Heizung D offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_d_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater winding open",
            "de": "Heizwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20B9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater D Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung D Steuerkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater D does not warm in time.",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung D erwärmt nicht im Zeitfenster."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_d_partial",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial winding fault",
            "de": "Teilweiser Wicklungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater D Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung D Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater D control line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Heizung D niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_d_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater D Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung D Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Reductant heater D control line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Heizung D hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_d_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Steuermodul fordert MIL-Aktivierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated reductant/SCR control module has requested that the master PCM illuminate the malfunction indicator lamp — a generic forward of an internal SCR fault. Read the SCR module subcodes for the actual cause.",
        "de": "Das dedizierte AdBlue-/SCR-Steuermodul hat das Hauptsteuergerät aufgefordert, die Motorkontrollleuchte zu aktivieren — generische Weiterleitung eines internen SCR-Fehlers. Die eigentliche Ursache liegt in den Subcodes des SCR-Moduls."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal SCR module fault — read subcodes",
            "de": "Interner SCR-Modulfehler — Subcodes auslesen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Leakage",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluftdruck Leckage"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A leak has been detected in the air-assist branch of the DEF system — pressure decays faster than allowed when the air pump shuts off.",
        "de": "Im Luftunterstützungs-Zweig des AdBlue-Systems wurde eine Leckage erkannt — Druckabfall nach Pumpenabschaltung schneller als zulässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_line",
        "reductant_air_pressure_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_line_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked air line or fitting",
            "de": "Gerissene Luftleitung oder Verschraubung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_press_valve_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pressure control valve seat leaks",
            "de": "Luftdruckregelventil-Sitz undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor A Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 7th-injector (HC dosing into exhaust upstream of DOC/DPF) for aftertreatment regeneration on circuit A is open — DPF/SCR regeneration cannot raise exhaust temperature.",
        "de": "Der 7. Injektor (HC-Dosierung ins Abgas vor DOC/DPF) zur Abgasnachbehandlungs-Regeneration auf Kreis A ist offen — DPF/SCR-Regeneration kann die Abgastemperatur nicht anheben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector",
        "aftertreatment_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_open_wire",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire to injector",
            "de": "Leitung zum Injektor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector A Control Performance",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor A Steuerung Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The aftertreatment HC injector A is electrically OK but does not deliver the commanded fuel mass during regeneration — partial blockage or worn nozzle.",
        "de": "Der HC-Injektor A der Abgasnachbehandlung ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber bei Regeneration nicht die geforderte Kraftstoffmasse — Teilblockade oder verschlissene Düse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_partial_block",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Nozzle partially coked",
            "de": "Düse teilweise verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hc_supply_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "HC supply pressure low",
            "de": "HC-Versorgungsdruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20CB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HC injector A drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des HC-Injektors A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20CB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HC injector A drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des HC-Injektors A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20CB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector A Stuck Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor A hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HC injector A is mechanically stuck open — fuel leaks continuously into the exhaust, can ignite uncontrolled regeneration.",
        "de": "HC-Injektor A hängt mechanisch offen — Kraftstoff tritt fortlaufend ins Abgas, kann unkontrollierte Regeneration auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector stuck open",
            "de": "Injektor offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20CB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector A Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor A hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HC injector A is mechanically stuck closed — DPF regeneration cannot reach burn-off temperature.",
        "de": "HC-Injektor A hängt mechanisch geschlossen — DPF-Regeneration erreicht die Abbrenntemperatur nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector stuck closed",
            "de": "Injektor geschlossen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20CB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor B Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 7th-injector (HC dosing into exhaust upstream of DOC/DPF) for aftertreatment regeneration on circuit A is open — DPF/SCR regeneration cannot raise exhaust temperature.",
        "de": "Der 7. Injektor (HC-Dosierung ins Abgas vor DOC/DPF) zur Abgasnachbehandlungs-Regeneration auf Kreis A ist offen — DPF/SCR-Regeneration kann die Abgastemperatur nicht anheben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20CB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector B Control Performance",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor B Steuerung Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The aftertreatment HC injector A is electrically OK but does not deliver the commanded fuel mass during regeneration — partial blockage or worn nozzle.",
        "de": "Der HC-Injektor A der Abgasnachbehandlung ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber bei Regeneration nicht die geforderte Kraftstoffmasse — Teilblockade oder verschlissene Düse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_b_partial_block",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Nozzle partially coked",
            "de": "Düse teilweise verkokt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20CC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HC injector A drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des HC-Injektors A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20CD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HC injector A drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des HC-Injektors A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20CE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector B Stuck Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor B hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HC injector A is mechanically stuck open — fuel leaks continuously into the exhaust, can ignite uncontrolled regeneration.",
        "de": "HC-Injektor A hängt mechanisch offen — Kraftstoff tritt fortlaufend ins Abgas, kann unkontrollierte Regeneration auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_b_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector stuck open",
            "de": "Injektor offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector B Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffinjektor B hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HC injector A is mechanically stuck closed — DPF regeneration cannot reach burn-off temperature.",
        "de": "HC-Injektor A hängt mechanisch geschlossen — DPF-Regeneration erreicht die Abbrenntemperatur nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_inj_b_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector stuck closed",
            "de": "Injektor geschlossen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20D0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Supply Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffversorgung Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the dedicated aftertreatment fuel supply pump or solenoid is open — HC dosing into the exhaust will fail.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Kraftstoffversorgungspumpe bzw. des Versorgungsventils für die Abgasnachbehandlung ist offen — die HC-Dosierung ins Abgas fällt aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_pump",
        "aftertreatment_fuel_supply_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_supply_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Winding or coil open",
            "de": "Wicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Supply Control Performance",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffversorgung Steuerung Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Aftertreatment fuel supply is electrically OK but does not deliver the commanded pressure or flow during regeneration — weak pump or partial blockage.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffversorgung der Abgasnachbehandlung elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber bei Regeneration nicht den geforderten Druck/Durchfluss — schwache Pumpe oder Teilblockade."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_supply_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump weak — flow or pressure below threshold",
            "de": "Pumpe schwach — Durchfluss oder Druck unter Schwellwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20D7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Supply Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffversorgung Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Aftertreatment fuel supply control line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der Abgasnachbehandlungs-Kraftstoffversorgung niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_supply_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20D7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Supply Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffversorgung Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Aftertreatment fuel supply control line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der Abgasnachbehandlungs-Kraftstoffversorgung hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_supply_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20D7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Supply Control Stuck Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffversorgung hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Aftertreatment fuel supply solenoid stuck open mechanically — fuel pressure cannot be cut off, risk of over-fueling exhaust.",
        "de": "Versorgungsventil der Abgasnachbehandlung mechanisch offen — Kraftstoffdruck kann nicht abgeschaltet werden, Gefahr von Abgas-Überfettung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_supply_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_supply_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open",
            "de": "Magnetventil offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20D7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Supply Control Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffversorgung hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Aftertreatment fuel supply solenoid stuck closed — HC dosing into exhaust fails, regeneration cannot raise temperature.",
        "de": "Versorgungsventil der Abgasnachbehandlung mechanisch geschlossen — HC-Dosierung ins Abgas fällt aus, Regeneration kann Temperatur nicht anheben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_supply_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hc_supply_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck closed",
            "de": "Magnetventil geschlossen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20D7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on the aftertreatment fuel-pressure sensor — used to verify the dedicated HC-dosing rail is primed.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kraftstoffdrucksensor der Abgasnachbehandlung — überwacht, ob die HC-Dosierschiene Druck aufgebaut hat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "at_press_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "at_press_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffdrucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Aftertreatment fuel-pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility fails — pressure does not rise during prime, drift across a regeneration.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor der Abgasnachbehandlung im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert an Plausibilität — Druck steigt beim Vorfüllen nicht, driftet über die Regeneration."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "at_press_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20DD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoffdrucksensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Aftertreatment fuel-pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdrucksensor der Abgasnachbehandlung unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_fuel_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "at_press_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20DD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteldruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pressure in the SCR reductant (AdBlue/DEF) line is below the calibrated minimum. Without sufficient pressure the dosing module cannot atomise reagent properly, leading to NOx exceedence.",
        "de": "Der Druck in der SCR-Reduktionsmittelleitung (AdBlue/DEF) liegt unter dem kalibrierten Mindestwert. Ohne ausreichenden Druck kann das Dosiermodul das Reagenz nicht richtig zerstaeuben, was zu NOx-Ueberschreitungen fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "def_pump",
        "def_pressure_sensor",
        "def_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn DEF pump",
            "de": "Verschlissene AdBlue-Pumpe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_line_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in DEF line",
            "de": "Leck in AdBlue-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clogged DEF filter",
            "de": "Verstopfter AdBlue-Filter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Reagenzdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant (AdBlue/DEF) line pressure stays below the demanded value during dosing. The dosing system needs a stable supply pressure to inject metered amounts; without it the system cannot meet NOx targets.",
        "de": "Der Leitungsdruck des Reagenzmittels (AdBlue/DEF) bleibt während der Dosierung unter dem geforderten Wert. Das System benötigt einen stabilen Versorgungsdruck zum Einspritzen definierter Mengen; ohne ihn werden die NOx-Vorgaben verfehlt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_pressure_sensor",
        "reductant_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "reductant_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant pump worn or weak",
            "de": "Reagenzpumpe verschlissen oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reductant_line_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in pressure line",
            "de": "Undichtigkeit in der Druckleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reductant_filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inline filter clogged",
            "de": "Vorfilter verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Reagenzdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant line pressure exceeds the upper limit. A blocked return path, a stuck pump or a faulty pressure sensor are common causes; over-pressure can damage the dosing valve and the pump head.",
        "de": "Der Reagenzleitungsdruck überschreitet den oberen Grenzwert. Häufig durch blockierte Rücklaufleitung, hängende Pumpe oder fehlerhaften Drucksensor; zu hoher Druck kann Dosierventil und Pumpenkopf beschädigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_pressure_sensor",
        "reductant_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "reductant_return_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return line blocked or frozen",
            "de": "Rücklaufleitung blockiert oder vereist"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reductant_pressure_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor reads high",
            "de": "Drucksensor liest zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dosing_valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dosing valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Dosierventil hängt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20E1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor 1/3 Correlation (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor 1/3 Korrelation (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGT sensors 1 and 3 on bank 1 disagree by more than the allowed tolerance — one is reading off, or there is a real temperature gradient that exceeds the calibrated map (e.g. from a leaking exhaust joint between the two locations).",
        "de": "Die EGT-Sensoren 1 und 3 an Bank 1 weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab — einer driftet, oder es liegt ein realer Temperaturgradient vor, der die Kalibrierung überschreitet (z. B. durch eine undichte Abgasverbindung zwischen den Messpunkten)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor",
        "exhaust_pipe"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_drift_one",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One EGT sensor drifts",
            "de": "Ein EGT-Sensor driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_between_sensors",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak between the two sensor positions",
            "de": "Abgasleck zwischen den beiden Sensorpositionen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor 2/3 Correlation (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor 2/3 Korrelation (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGT sensors 1 and 3 on bank 1 disagree by more than the allowed tolerance — one is reading off, or there is a real temperature gradient that exceeds the calibrated map (e.g. from a leaking exhaust joint between the two locations).",
        "de": "Die EGT-Sensoren 1 und 3 an Bank 1 weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab — einer driftet, oder es liegt ein realer Temperaturgradient vor, der die Kalibrierung überschreitet (z. B. durch eine undichte Abgasverbindung zwischen den Messpunkten)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_drift_one",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One EGT sensor drifts",
            "de": "Ein EGT-Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20E3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor 1/2 Correlation (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor 1/2 Korrelation (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGT sensors 1 and 3 on bank 2 disagree by more than the allowed tolerance — one is reading off, or there is a real temperature gradient that exceeds the calibrated map (e.g. from a leaking exhaust joint between the two locations).",
        "de": "Die EGT-Sensoren 1 und 3 an Bank 2 weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab — einer driftet, oder es liegt ein realer Temperaturgradient vor, der die Kalibrierung überschreitet (z. B. durch eine undichte Abgasverbindung zwischen den Messpunkten)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_drift_one",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One EGT sensor drifts",
            "de": "Ein EGT-Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20E3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluftdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF system air-assist pressure is below the required threshold — pump weak, line leak, or pressure-control valve stuck open.",
        "de": "Der Zerstäubungs-Luftdruck im AdBlue-System liegt unter dem erforderlichen Schwellwert — Pumpe schwach, Leitungsleck oder Druckregelventil offen festgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pump",
        "reductant_air_pressure_control_valve",
        "reductant_air_line"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pump weak",
            "de": "Luftpumpe schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in air line",
            "de": "Leck in der Luftleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Air Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzluftdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF system air-assist pressure exceeds the upper threshold — pressure-control valve stuck closed or air pump runaway.",
        "de": "Der Zerstäubungs-Luftdruck im AdBlue-System überschreitet die obere Schwelle — Druckregelventil geschlossen oder Luftpumpe ausser Kontrolle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_air_pump",
        "reductant_air_pressure_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_air_press_valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure control valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Druckregelventil geschlossen festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_air_pump_runaway",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pump does not regulate",
            "de": "Luftpumpe regelt nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20E6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmitteldruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure in the AdBlue/DEF supply line is below the target. Usually a failing reductant pump, a clogged filter, frozen lines, or a leak in the pressurised circuit.",
        "de": "Der Druck in der AdBlue/DEF-Versorgungsleitung liegt unter dem Sollwert. Meist eine schwächelnde Reduktionsmittelpumpe, ein verstopfter Filter, eingefrorene Leitungen oder ein Leck im Druckkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "adblue_pump",
        "adblue_filter",
        "adblue_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adblue_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant pump weak or failed",
            "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe schwach oder defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "adblue_filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant filter clogged with crystals",
            "de": "Reduktionsmittelfilter mit Kristallen verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "adblue_line_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in pressurised reductant line",
            "de": "Leck in der Druckleitung des Reduktionsmittels"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Reagenzdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Manufacturer-specific variant of the reductant over-pressure condition. The pressure exceeds the upper threshold during a defined operating window; on some platforms used in addition to P20E2 to flag a different test path.",
        "de": "Herstellerspezifische Variante der Überdruckbedingung im Reagenzsystem. Der Druck überschreitet in einem definierten Betriebsfenster den oberen Schwellwert; auf manchen Plattformen ergänzend zu P20E2 für einen anderen Prüfpfad gesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "reductant_return_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return line blocked or frozen",
            "de": "Rücklaufleitung blockiert oder vereist"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reductant_pressure_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor reads high",
            "de": "Drucksensor liest zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20E2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "AdBlue-Pumpe Ansteuerung offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit to the reductant (DEF) dosing pump is open — no current flow detected. Without pump pressure no AdBlue reaches the SCR catalyst and NOx reduction stops.",
        "de": "Der Ansteuerkreis der AdBlue-Dosierpumpe ist offen — kein Stromfluss erkannt. Ohne Pumpendruck erreicht kein AdBlue den SCR-Katalysator und die NOx-Reduktion bricht zusammen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "reductant_pump_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor open",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reductant_pump_connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector unplugged or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker abgezogen oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Reservoir Heater \"A\" Control Circuit",
        "de": "Reagenztank-Heizung \"A\" Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the reductant tank heater \"A\" control circuit. AdBlue freezes at -11 C, so the tank heater must work for cold-start dosing.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Steuerkreis der Reagenztankheizung \"A\". AdBlue gefriert bei -11 C, deshalb muss die Tankheizung für die Dosierung beim Kaltstart funktionieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_heater",
        "reductant_heater_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_element_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element failed",
            "de": "Heizelement defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or connector loose",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen oder Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater \"A\" Control Stuck Off",
        "de": "Reagenzheizung \"A\" hängt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant tank heater \"A\" does not heat when commanded on. Either a failed element or a stuck-off driver in the dosing module.",
        "de": "Die Reagenztankheizung \"A\" heizt nicht, obwohl angefordert. Entweder ein defektes Heizelement oder eine hängende Endstufe im Dosiermodul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_heater",
        "reductant_dosing_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_element_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_driver_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater driver stuck off",
            "de": "Heizungs-Endstufe hängt aus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20EB",
        "P20ED"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater \"A\" Control Stuck On",
        "de": "Reagenzheizung \"A\" hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant tank heater \"A\" stays energised even when not commanded — usually a shorted driver stage. Continuous heating wastes current and can overheat the heater element.",
        "de": "Die Reagenztankheizung \"A\" bleibt eingeschaltet, obwohl nicht angefordert — meist eine durchlegierte Endstufe. Dauerheizen verschwendet Strom und kann das Heizelement überlasten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_heater",
        "reductant_dosing_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_driver_shorted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater driver shorted on",
            "de": "Heizungs-Endstufe durchlegiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_wiring_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater line shorted to positive",
            "de": "Heizungsleitung nach Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20EB",
        "P20EC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Katalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR catalyst on bank 1 is no longer reducing NOx to the level the ECU expects, even with proper reductant dosing and quality. Often the result of catalyst poisoning by sulphur or hydrocarbons, thermal aging, or a leak between the upstream and downstream NOx sensors.",
        "de": "Der SCR-Katalysator auf Bank 1 reduziert NOx nicht mehr auf das erwartete Niveau, selbst bei korrekter Reduktionsmitteldosierung und -qualität. Häufig durch Vergiftung mit Schwefel oder Kohlenwasserstoffen, thermische Alterung oder ein Leck zwischen den NOx-Sensoren vor und nach dem Kat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "nox_sensor_upstream",
        "nox_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "SCR catalyst aged or poisoned",
            "de": "SCR-Katalysator gealtert oder vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "NOx sensor drift",
            "de": "NOx-Sensordrift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_between_nox_sensors",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak between upstream and downstream NOx sensors",
            "de": "Abgasleck zwischen NOx-Sensoren vor und nach Kat"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR reductant injection valve does not deliver the commanded amount of reagent. Causes include clogging by urea crystals, electrical faults or incorrect spray pattern.",
        "de": "Das SCR-Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil liefert nicht die angeforderte Reagenzmenge. Ursachen sind Verkrustungen durch Harnstoff, elektrische Fehler oder ein falsches Spruehbild."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "def_dosing_valve",
        "def_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dosing_valve_crystal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Urea crystals in dosing valve",
            "de": "Harnstoffkristalle im Dosierventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dosing_valve_electrical",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical fault in dosing valve",
            "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Dosierventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR NOx Catalyst Over Temperature (Bank 2)",
        "de": "SCR NOx-Katalysator Übertemperatur (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A temperature sensor at the SCR catalyst on bank 2 reports a value above the safe limit — sustained over-temperature can sinter the SCR washcoat and destroy NOx conversion.",
        "de": "Ein Temperatursensor am SCR-Katalysator an Bank 2 meldet einen Wert über dem zulässigen Grenzwert — anhaltende Übertemperatur sintert den SCR-Washcoat und zerstört die NOx-Konvertierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_overtemp_dpf_runaway",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Runaway DPF regeneration upstream",
            "de": "Unkontrollierte DPF-Regeneration stromaufwärts"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scr_overtemp_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor drift high",
            "de": "Temperatursensor driftet nach oben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR NOx Pre-Catalyst Over Temperature (Bank 2)",
        "de": "SCR NOx-Vorkatalysator Übertemperatur (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A temperature sensor at the SCR catalyst on bank 2 reports a value above the safe limit — sustained over-temperature can sinter the SCR washcoat and destroy NOx conversion.",
        "de": "Ein Temperatursensor am SCR-Katalysator an Bank 2 meldet einen Wert über dem zulässigen Grenzwert — anhaltende Übertemperatur sintert den SCR-Washcoat und zerstört die NOx-Konvertierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_pre_catalyst",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_pre_overtemp_runaway",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Runaway regeneration upstream",
            "de": "Unkontrollierte Regeneration stromaufwärts"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20F0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR NOx Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)",
        "de": "SCR NOx-Katalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR catalyst on bank 2 is no longer reducing NOx within the required efficiency — downstream NOx remains too high relative to commanded dosing across a drive cycle.",
        "de": "Der SCR-Katalysator an Bank 2 reduziert NOx nicht mehr im geforderten Wirkungsgrad — der nachgelagerte NOx-Wert bleibt über einen Fahrzyklus zu hoch im Verhältnis zur Dosieranforderung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "nox_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_thermal_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "SCR catalyst thermally aged",
            "de": "SCR-Kat thermisch gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scr_poisoning",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst poisoning from sulphur or oil ash",
            "de": "Katalysatorvergiftung durch Schwefel oder Ölasche"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR NOx Pre-Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)",
        "de": "SCR NOx-Vorkatalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR catalyst on bank 2 is no longer reducing NOx within the required efficiency — downstream NOx remains too high relative to commanded dosing across a drive cycle.",
        "de": "Der SCR-Katalysator an Bank 2 reduziert NOx nicht mehr im geforderten Wirkungsgrad — der nachgelagerte NOx-Wert bleibt über einen Fahrzyklus zu hoch im Verhältnis zur Dosieranforderung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_pre_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_pre_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-catalyst thermally aged",
            "de": "Vorkatalysator thermisch gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20F2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Consumption Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Verbrauch zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF consumption observed over the dosing window is below the model expectation — typically a clogged dosing nozzle, weak pump, or leak between pump and injector that recirculates DEF back to the tank.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Verbrauch über das Dosierfenster liegt unter der Modellerwartung — meist verstopfte Dosierdüse, schwache Pumpe oder Leck zwischen Pumpe und Injektor, das AdBlue zurück in den Tank schickt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit",
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_consumption_clog",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dosing nozzle clogged with crystallised DEF",
            "de": "Dosierdüse mit auskristallisiertem AdBlue verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_consumption_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump weak — flow under target",
            "de": "Pumpe schwach — Durchfluss unter Sollwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Consumption Too High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Verbrauch zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF consumption observed over the dosing window is above the model expectation — typically a leaking injector seat, leaking line fitting, or a pressure-control valve that vents constantly to the tank.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Verbrauch über das Dosierfenster liegt über der Modellerwartung — meist undichter Injektorsitz, undichte Leitungsverschraubung oder Druckregelventil, das dauerhaft zum Tank entlüftet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve",
        "reductant_supply_line",
        "reductant_pressure_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_consumption_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat leaks DEF into exhaust",
            "de": "Injektorsitz lässt AdBlue in den Auspuff"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_consumption_line_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked line or fitting",
            "de": "Gerissene Leitung oder Verschraubung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20F4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Stuck Open (Bank 1 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil hängt offen (Bank 1 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve at bank 1 unit 1 does not close when commanded — DEF flows continuously into the SCR. Risk of crystallisation in the catalyst and over-dosing.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Einspritzventil an Bank 1 Einheit 1 schliesst auf Befehl nicht — AdBlue fliesst dauerhaft in den SCR. Gefahr von Kristallisation im Kat und Überdosierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_stuck_open_seat",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seat eroded or contaminated",
            "de": "Ventilsitz erodiert oder verunreinigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_inj_stuck_open_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve plunger seized open",
            "de": "Ventilkolben offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Stuck Open (Bank 2 Unit 1)",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil hängt offen (Bank 2 Einheit 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF injection valve at bank 2 unit 1 does not close when commanded — DEF flows continuously into the SCR. Risk of crystallisation in the catalyst and over-dosing.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Einspritzventil an Bank 2 Einheit 1 schliesst auf Befehl nicht — AdBlue fliesst dauerhaft in den SCR. Gefahr von Kristallisation im Kat und Überdosierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_inj_stuck_open_seat",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seat eroded or contaminated",
            "de": "Ventilsitz erodiert oder verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20F6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Circuit Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Steuerkreis Leistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC actuator drive circuit on bank 1 is electrically OK but its current draw or duty-cycle response is outside the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or a partially shorted driver.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des IMRC-Stellers an Bank 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, Stromaufnahme oder Tastverhältnis liegen aber ausserhalb der Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder teilweise kurzgeschlossener Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator",
        "imrc_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_solenoid_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing — resistance climbing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert — Widerstand steigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Runner Control Circuit Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Saugrohrumschaltung Steuerkreis Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The IMRC actuator drive circuit on bank 2 is electrically OK but its current draw or duty-cycle response is outside the calibrated profile — typically a high-resistance solenoid winding or a partially shorted driver.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des IMRC-Stellers an Bank 2 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, Stromaufnahme oder Tastverhältnis liegen aber ausserhalb der Kalibrierung — meist hochohmige Magnetwicklung oder teilweise kurzgeschlossener Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imrc_solenoid_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding ageing",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20F8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length_intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line driving DEF pump B is open. On large engines or dual-tank systems a second pump (B) supplements pump A; with B offline the system loses redundancy.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Pumpe B ist offen. Grosse Motoren oder Dual-Tank-Systeme nutzen eine zweite Pumpe (B) zur Ergänzung von Pumpe A; mit B offline fehlt die Redundanz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_pump_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor winding open",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor-Wicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump B Control Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe B Steuerung Leistung/aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pump B receives a run command but does not start, or shuts off prematurely.",
        "de": "Die AdBlue-Pumpe B erhält den Laufbefehl, startet aber nicht oder schaltet vorzeitig ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_b_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump head crystallised — motor seized",
            "de": "Pumpenkopf auskristallisiert — Motor fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20FA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pump B control line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Pumpe B niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20FA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pump B control line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung der AdBlue-Pumpe B hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P20FA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit 1 Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit 1 Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first DEF metering unit (the integrated module that combines pump, filter, level sensor, and dosing valve) is electrically OK but does not deliver the expected pressure or flow during operation.",
        "de": "Die erste AdBlue-Dosiereinheit (integriertes Modul mit Pumpe, Filter, Füllstandgeber und Dosierventil) ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber im Betrieb nicht den erwarteten Druck oder Durchfluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "meter_unit_1_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metering unit aged or partially clogged",
            "de": "Dosiereinheit gealtert oder teilweise verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P20FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Steuermodul Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated SCR/reductant control module reports an internal performance fault — failed self-tests, watchdog resets, or calibration mismatch. Frequently a forerunner of total module failure.",
        "de": "Das dedizierte SCR-/AdBlue-Steuermodul meldet einen internen Leistungsfehler — Selbsttest fehlgeschlagen, Watchdog-Resets oder Kalibrierungs-Unstimmigkeit. Häufig Vorläufer eines Komplettausfalls."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scr_module_calibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration mismatch after software update",
            "de": "Kalibrierungs-Unstimmigkeit nach Softwareupdate"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2100",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control Motor Circuit Open",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller Motor-Stromkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive-by-wire throttle motor circuit is open — no current flow detected. The ECU loses authority over the throttle plate and forces a limp-home with reduced power.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des E-Gas-Drosselklappenstellers ist unterbrochen — kein Stromfluss erkannt. Die Motorsteuerung verliert die Kontrolle über die Drosselklappe und erzwingt einen Notlauf mit reduzierter Leistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_motor",
        "throttle_body_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_motor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle motor failed",
            "de": "Drosselklappenmotor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break to throttle body",
            "de": "Leitungsunterbrechung zur Drosselklappe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2101",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control Motor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller Motor-Stromkreis Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The throttle motor responds, but its actual position does not track the commanded position within tolerance. Often a dirty throttle bore where the plate sticks, or a worn motor.",
        "de": "Der Drosselklappenmotor reagiert, die Ist-Position folgt der Soll-Position aber nicht innerhalb der Toleranz. Häufig ein verschmutzter Drosselklappenstutzen, in dem die Klappe klemmt, oder ein verschlissener Motor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_motor",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_body_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle bore coked, plate sticks",
            "de": "Drosselklappe verkokt, Klappe klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_motor_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle motor worn",
            "de": "Drosselklappenmotor verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2100"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2102",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control Motor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller Motor-Stromkreis Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage to the throttle motor is below the lower limit. Typically a short to ground or a failed driver stage in the ECU.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung am Drosselklappenmotor liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert. Typisch ein Kurzschluss nach Masse oder eine defekte Endstufe im Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_motor",
        "throttle_body_wiring",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_motor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle motor internal short",
            "de": "Drosselklappenmotor mit internem Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2100"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2103",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control Motor Circuit High",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller Motor-Stromkreis Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage to the throttle motor is above the upper limit. Usually a short to supply or an open ground.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung am Drosselklappenmotor liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert. Meist ein Kurzschluss nach Plus oder eine unterbrochene Masseleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_motor",
        "throttle_body_wiring",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle motor ground open",
            "de": "Massepfad zum Drosselmotor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2100"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2104",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System — Forced Idle",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung — Notlauf Leerlauf erzwungen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected a fault severe enough that it forces the throttle actuator to the idle stop. The driver loses pedal authority — only idle is available until the underlying TAC fault clears.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler, der schwerwiegend genug ist, um den Drosselklappensteller in den Leerlauf-Anschlag zu zwingen. Der Fahrer verliert die Pedalkontrolle — nur Leerlauf bleibt verfügbar, bis der TAC-Grundfehler erlischt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_control",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tac_severe_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe upstream TAC fault",
            "de": "Schwerwiegender vorgelagerter TAC-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_signal_invalid",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle position signal invalid",
            "de": "Drosselklappenstellungssignal ungültig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2100",
        "P2101"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2105",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System — Forced Engine Shutdown",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung — Notlauf Motor abgeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TAC monitor commanded an engine shutdown because throttle authority can no longer be guaranteed safely. The most aggressive TAC limp mode — used when both throttle position sensors disagree or the motor is uncontrollable.",
        "de": "Die TAC-Überwachung hat eine Motorabschaltung kommandiert, weil die sichere Drosselklappenführung nicht mehr garantiert ist. Aggressivster TAC-Notlauf — wird ausgelöst, wenn beide Drosselklappensensoren widersprechen oder der Motor unsteuerbar ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_control",
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_dual_disagreement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS1 and TPS2 disagree beyond limit",
            "de": "TPS1 und TPS2 weichen über Grenzwert ab"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tac_motor_uncontrollable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle motor not controllable",
            "de": "Drosselklappenmotor nicht steuerbar"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2104"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2106",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System — Forced Limited Power",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung — Notlauf reduzierte Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TAC monitor restricts maximum throttle opening as a safety response to a TAC fault. The vehicle can still be driven, but accelerator pedal travel is capped.",
        "de": "Die TAC-Überwachung begrenzt die maximale Drosselklappenöffnung als Sicherheitsreaktion auf einen TAC-Fehler. Das Fahrzeug bleibt fahrbar, der Pedalweg wird aber gekappt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_control",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tac_severe_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Underlying TAC fault triggers limit",
            "de": "Zugrundeliegender TAC-Fehler löst Begrenzung aus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pedal_position_signal_invalid",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal position sensor signal implausible",
            "de": "Pedalsensorsignal unplausibel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2104",
        "P2105"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2107",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control Module Internal Processor",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuermodul interner Prozessor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal processor or watchdog of the throttle actuator control module reports an internal fault. Communication between the TAC monitor core and the main ECU core has failed plausibility — typical for a defective ECU.",
        "de": "Der interne Prozessor oder Watchdog des Drosselklappensteuermoduls meldet einen internen Fehler. Die Kommunikation zwischen TAC-Überwachungskern und Haupt-ECU-Kern ist nicht plausibel — typisch für ein defektes Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecu_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU internal processor fault",
            "de": "Interner ECU-Prozessorfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_software_corrupted",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU software flash corrupted",
            "de": "ECU-Softwareflash beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2108",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuermodul Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Self-tests within the TAC module fail their performance criteria — for example RAM/ROM checks or analog reference voltages drift. Indicates an aging ECU rather than a wiring fault.",
        "de": "Selbsttests im TAC-Modul scheitern an ihren Plausibilitätskriterien — etwa RAM/ROM-Prüfungen oder driftende analoge Referenzspannungen. Hinweis auf alterndes Steuergerät, kein Verkabelungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecu_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU internal performance fault",
            "de": "Interner ECU-Plausibilitätsfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_corroded_pins",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU connector pins corroded",
            "de": "ECU-Pins korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2107"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2109",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Minimum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor A Anschlag-Mindestwert Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects that the throttle position sensor A signal at the closed-throttle stop does not match the learned minimum value. The mechanical or electrical zero reference of the throttle has drifted out of the expected range, often after cleaning, replacement or wear.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung stellt fest, dass das Signal des Drosselklappen-Positionssensors A am Anschlag der geschlossenen Klappe nicht zum gelernten Mindestwert passt. Der mechanische oder elektrische Nullpunkt der Drosselklappe ist aus dem erwarteten Bereich verschoben, oft nach Reinigung, Tausch oder Verschleiss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "throttle_body",
        "throttle_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_body_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits on throttle plate",
            "de": "Verkokte Drosselklappe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle position sensor drift",
            "de": "Drift des Drosselklappenpositionssensors"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_relearn_missing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Idle/throttle relearn not performed",
            "de": "Drosselklappen-Anlernen nicht durchgefuehrt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P210A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control Motor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B Motorsteuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of throttle actuator motor B is open. Throttle B is the secondary throttle on engines with two throttle bodies — typically used for tumble flap or charge-motion control.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Drosselklappenstellermotors B ist offen. Drosselklappe B ist die Zweitdrossel bei Motoren mit zwei Drosselkörpern — meist für Tumble-Klappe oder Drall-/Tumble-Steuerung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b",
        "throttle_motor_b",
        "throttle_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding open",
            "de": "Motorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_open_wire",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire to motor",
            "de": "Leitung zum Motor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P210B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control Motor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B Motorsteuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle actuator B motor responds electrically but does not move the throttle plate as commanded — typically high-resistance brushes, partial winding fault, or a sticky throttle bore.",
        "de": "Der Drosselklappenstellermotor B reagiert elektrisch, bewegt die Drosselklappe aber nicht wie befohlen — meist hochohmige Bürsten, teilweiser Wicklungsfehler oder schwergängige Drosselbohrung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b",
        "throttle_motor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_brushes_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor brushes worn",
            "de": "Motorbürsten verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup at throttle plate",
            "de": "Verkokung an der Drosselklappe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P210A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P210C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control Motor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B Motorsteuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle actuator B motor drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Drosselklappenstellermotors B niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P210A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P210D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control Motor Circuit High",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B Motorsteuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle actuator B motor drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Drosselklappenstellermotors B hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P210A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P210E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch C/F Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor C/F Spannungs-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The redundant throttle or accelerator pedal position channels C and F disagree by more than the allowed tolerance. Drive-by-wire systems compare two or three independent channels to detect a faulty potentiometer track.",
        "de": "Die redundanten Drosselklappen- bzw. Fahrpedalstellungs-Kanäle C und F weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab. Drive-by-Wire-Systeme vergleichen zwei oder drei unabhängige Kanäle, um eine defekte Potentiometerbahn zu erkennen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor",
        "throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "app_track_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One potentiometer track worn — voltage drift",
            "de": "Eine Potentiometerbahn verschlissen — Spannungsdrift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "app_connector_water",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water in pedal connector",
            "de": "Wasser im Pedalstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P210F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control System - Forced Limited RPM",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B - Drehzahlbegrenzung erzwungen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle B control has detected an unsafe condition and forced an RPM limit. Common protective response when motor current, throttle position feedback, or supply voltage on the B path is out of spec.",
        "de": "Die Steuerung der Drosselklappe B hat einen unsicheren Zustand erkannt und eine Drehzahlbegrenzung erzwungen. Übliche Schutzreaktion, wenn Motorstrom, Positions-Feedback oder Versorgungsspannung auf dem B-Pfad ausserhalb der Spezifikation liegen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b",
        "throttle_position_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_protection_active",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Protection mode triggered by paired throttle-B fault",
            "de": "Schutzmodus durch begleitenden Drosselklappe-B-Fehler ausgelöst"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2110",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System — Forced Limited RPM",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung — Notlauf Drehzahl begrenzt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TAC monitor caps engine speed at a fixed limp-home rpm because it can no longer trust the throttle response. Driver may notice a hard rev limit well below redline.",
        "de": "Die TAC-Überwachung begrenzt die Motordrehzahl auf einen festen Notlauf-Wert, weil die Drosselklappenreaktion nicht mehr vertrauenswürdig ist. Der Fahrer bemerkt einen harten Drehzahlanschlag deutlich unter dem Begrenzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_control",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tac_severe_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Underlying TAC fault triggers rpm cap",
            "de": "Vorgelagerter TAC-Fehler löst Drehzahlbegrenzung aus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_response_implausible",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle response time out of spec",
            "de": "Drosselklappenreaktionszeit ausserhalb der Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2104",
        "P2106"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2111",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System — Stuck Open",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung — hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The throttle plate cannot be commanded back to the closed/idle position. Idle speed runs high or the engine cannot decelerate properly — safety-critical fault that usually triggers immediate limp mode.",
        "de": "Die Drosselklappe lässt sich nicht in die Schliess- oder Leerlaufstellung zurückführen. Leerlaufdrehzahl bleibt erhöht oder der Motor verzögert nicht richtig — sicherheitskritischer Fehler, der meist sofortigen Notlauf auslöst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_body",
        "throttle_actuator_motor",
        "throttle_return_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_plate_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle plate seized open",
            "de": "Drosselklappe offen verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_return_spring_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return spring broken",
            "de": "Rückholfeder gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2100",
        "P2101"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2112",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System — Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung — hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The throttle plate cannot be commanded open. The engine stays at idle or stalls under load. Often caused by a seized motor, broken gear, or heavy carbon coking inside the throttle bore.",
        "de": "Die Drosselklappe lässt sich nicht öffnen. Der Motor bleibt im Leerlauf oder stirbt unter Last ab. Häufig durch festsitzenden Motor, gebrochenes Zahnrad oder starke Verkokung im Drosselklappenstutzen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_body",
        "throttle_actuator_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_plate_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle plate seized closed",
            "de": "Drosselklappe geschlossen verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle motor seized or gear broken",
            "de": "Drosselklappenmotor fest oder Zahnrad gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2111"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2113",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System Forced Limited RPM",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller System auf Drehzahl-Notlauf begrenzt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The throttle actuator control has detected a fault and limits engine speed to a defined emergency value. The vehicle stays drivable but with severely reduced power until the underlying fault is cleared.",
        "de": "Die Drosselklappenregelung hat einen Fehler erkannt und begrenzt die Motordrehzahl auf einen definierten Notwert. Das Fahrzeug bleibt fahrbar, aber mit stark reduzierter Leistung, bis der zugrundeliegende Fehler behoben ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_motor",
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_actuator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Underlying throttle actuator fault",
            "de": "Zugrundeliegender Fehler am Drosselklappensteller"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_correlation_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal/throttle correlation fault",
            "de": "Pedal/Drosselklappen-Plausibilitätsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2114",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System Forced Below Limit RPM",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller System unter Notlauf-Drehzahl begrenzt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The throttle actuator system has dropped engine speed below the normal limp limit because of a more serious fault. The engine may run only at idle or stall.",
        "de": "Das Drosselklappenregelsystem hat die Motordrehzahl wegen eines schwerwiegenderen Fehlers unter den üblichen Notlauf-Grenzwert abgesenkt. Der Motor läuft eventuell nur im Leerlauf oder geht aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_motor",
        "throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_actuator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe throttle actuator fault",
            "de": "Schwerer Fehler am Drosselklappensteller"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_signal_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS signal lost",
            "de": "TPS-Signal verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2113"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2115",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Minimum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor A Mindestanschlag-Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The minimum stop calibration of throttle position sensor A is outside the expected range during the ECU self-check. The signal at fully closed throttle does not match the stored reference, indicating a mechanical or sensor issue.",
        "de": "Die Anschlag-Kalibrierung des Drosselklappenpositionssensors A liegt waehrend der Selbstpruefung der ECU ausserhalb des erwarteten Bereichs. Das Signal bei vollstaendig geschlossener Klappe passt nicht zur gespeicherten Referenz, was auf ein mechanisches oder Sensor-Problem hindeutet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_body_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle plate sticking due to carbon",
            "de": "Drosselklappe durch Verkokung schwergaengig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor fault",
            "de": "Interner Sensorfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2116",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor B Minimum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor B Mindestanschlag-Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The minimum stop calibration of throttle position sensor B does not match the learned reference during ECU self-test. Sensor B is the redundant channel used to cross-check sensor A.",
        "de": "Die Anschlag-Kalibrierung des Drosselklappenpositionssensors B passt waehrend der ECU-Selbstpruefung nicht zur gelernten Referenz. Sensor B ist der redundante Kanal zur Kreuzpruefung von Sensor A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_body_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits affecting throttle motion",
            "de": "Verkokung beeintraechtigt Klappenbewegung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor B fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler Sensor B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2117",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor C Minimum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor C Mindestanschlag-Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The minimum stop signal from throttle/pedal position sensor C is out of specification during initialization. Used on systems with three redundant sensor channels for safety-critical drive-by-wire control.",
        "de": "Das Anschlag-Mindestsignal des Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensors C ist waehrend der Initialisierung ausserhalb der Spezifikation. Wird bei Systemen mit drei redundanten Sensorkanaelen fuer sicherheitsrelevante Drive-by-Wire-Regelung eingesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor",
        "throttle_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal pedal sensor fault",
            "de": "Interner Pedalsensor-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded connector pins",
            "de": "Korrodierte Steckkontakte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2118",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control Motor Current Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller Motorstrom Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current draw of the throttle motor lies outside the expected range — either much higher (binding plate) or much lower (worn brushes, open winding) than calibrated.",
        "de": "Der Stromverbrauch des Drosselklappenmotors liegt ausserhalb des erwarteten Bereichs — entweder deutlich höher (klemmende Klappe) oder deutlich niedriger (verschlissene Bürsten, offene Wicklung) als kalibriert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_motor",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_plate_binding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plate binding from carbon",
            "de": "Klappe klemmt durch Verkokung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_motor_winding_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor windings aged or open",
            "de": "Motorwicklungen gealtert oder offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2100",
        "P2101"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2119",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Closed Position Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-Schliessstellung Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When commanded to idle, the throttle plate does not reach the calibrated closed position. Often a coked throttle bore preventing the plate from seating fully.",
        "de": "Bei Leerlaufanforderung erreicht die Drosselklappe nicht die kalibrierte Schliessstellung. Häufig ein verkokter Drosselklappenstutzen, in dem die Klappe nicht voll aufsetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_body",
        "throttle_actuator_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_body_coked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle bore coked at closed-position stop",
            "de": "Drosselklappenstutzen am Schliessanschlag verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_plate_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Plate or stop misadjusted after service",
            "de": "Klappe oder Anschlag nach Wartung verstellt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2111",
        "P2112"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P211A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control System - Stuck Open",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B - hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle B is mechanically stuck open — typically carbon buildup or a broken return spring on the secondary throttle plate.",
        "de": "Drosselklappe B hängt mechanisch offen — meist Verkokung oder gebrochene Rückstellfeder an der Zweitdrossel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_carbon_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup holds plate open",
            "de": "Verkokung hält Klappe offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_return_spring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return spring broken",
            "de": "Rückstellfeder gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P211B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control System - Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B - hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle B is mechanically stuck closed — carbon buildup or a seized bearing on the secondary throttle.",
        "de": "Drosselklappe B hängt mechanisch geschlossen — Verkokung oder festes Lager an der Zweitdrossel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_carbon_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup holds plate closed",
            "de": "Verkokung hält Klappe geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P211A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P211C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control Motor Current Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B Motorstrom Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle B motor current draw does not match the calibrated map for the commanded position — high friction, partial short, or stiction.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme des Drosselklappenmotors B passt nicht zur Kalibrierung für die Sollposition — hohe Reibung, Teilkurzschluss oder Stick-Slip."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_high_friction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High friction in throttle bore",
            "de": "Hohe Reibung in der Drosselbohrung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P210A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P211D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control Throttle Body Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B Drosselkörper Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The throttle B body itself does not respond as commanded — position feedback is plausible but does not track the setpoint within the calibrated time window.",
        "de": "Der Drosselkörper B selbst reagiert nicht wie befohlen — die Positions-Rückmeldung ist plausibel, folgt der Sollvorgabe aber nicht im Kalibrierzeitfenster."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_body_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle body aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Drosselkörper gealtert oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P210A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P211E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control Module Processor",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B - Prozessor des Steuermoduls"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The processor monitoring throttle B inside the throttle/PCM has reported a self-test failure — RAM check, ROM check, or watchdog timeout.",
        "de": "Der Prozessor, der die Drosselklappe B im Drossel-/Steuermodul überwacht, hat einen Selbsttestfehler gemeldet — RAM-Check, ROM-Check oder Watchdog-Timeout."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_control_module",
        "powertrain_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_pcm_processor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal processor fault",
            "de": "Interner Prozessorfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P211F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteller B - Steuermodul Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The throttle control module on the B path reports general performance issues — internal fault, communication mismatch, or calibration drift.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul des B-Pfads meldet allgemeine Leistungsprobleme — interner Fehler, Kommunikations-Unstimmigkeit oder Kalibrierungsdrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P211E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2120",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"C\" Circuit",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"C\" Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the \"C\" channel of the throttle or pedal position sensor. Drive-by-wire pedals carry two or three redundant tracks; \"C\" is the third channel.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kanal \"C\" des Drosselklappen- oder Pedalstellungssensors. E-Gas-Pedale haben zwei oder drei redundante Spuren; \"C\" ist die dritte Spur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "pedal_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal sensor track C failed",
            "de": "Pedalsensor-Spur C defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2121",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"C\" Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"C\" Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The \"C\" channel of the throttle or pedal sensor produces an electrically valid signal that does not match the other channels or the operating point.",
        "de": "Der Kanal \"C\" des Drosselklappen- oder Pedalsensors liefert ein elektrisch gültiges Signal, das nicht zu den anderen Kanälen oder zum Betriebspunkt passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_track_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor track C worn",
            "de": "Sensorspur C verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_correlation_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Correlation with tracks A/B lost",
            "de": "Plausibilität zu Spur A/B verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2120"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2122",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"D\" Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"D\" Stromkreis Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor \"D\" of the redundant accelerator-pedal pair reports a voltage below the valid window. The ECU rejects the signal and falls back on the second sensor or limp-home.",
        "de": "Sensor \"D\" des redundanten Pedalsensorpaars meldet eine Spannung unter dem zulässigen Fenster. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft das Signal und greift auf den zweiten Sensor zurück oder geht in Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal sensor track worn",
            "de": "Pedalsensor-Schleifbahn verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2138"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2123",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"D\" Circuit High",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"D\" Stromkreis Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor \"D\" of the pedal pair reports a voltage above the valid window. Often a short to supply or an open ground at the connector.",
        "de": "Sensor \"D\" des Pedalsensorpaars meldet eine Spannung über dem zulässigen Fenster. Häufig ein Kurzschluss nach Plus oder eine unterbrochene Masse am Stecker."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2138"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2124",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"C\" Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"C\" Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The \"C\" channel signal is below the lower threshold — usually a short to ground or an open signal wire.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kanals \"C\" liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — meist Massekurzschluss oder unterbrochene Signalleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "pedal_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2120"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2125",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"C\" Circuit High",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"C\" Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The \"C\" channel signal is above the upper threshold — typically a short to positive or an open ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kanals \"C\" liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert — typischerweise Kurzschluss nach Plus oder unterbrochene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "pedal_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to positive",
            "de": "Signal nach Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2120",
        "P2124"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2126",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"C\" Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"C\" Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The \"C\" channel produces an intermittent signal — usually a marginal connector or a worn track inside the pedal sensor.",
        "de": "Der Kanal \"C\" liefert ein sporadisches Signal — meist ein grenzwertiger Stecker oder eine verschlissene Spur im Pedalsensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "pedal_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector intermittent",
            "de": "Stecker mit Wackelkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_track_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Track C worn at common pedal angle",
            "de": "Spur C im üblichen Pedalwinkel verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2120"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2127",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"E\" Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"E\" Stromkreis Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor \"D\" of the redundant accelerator-pedal pair reports a voltage below the valid window. The ECU rejects the signal and falls back on the second sensor or limp-home.",
        "de": "Sensor \"D\" des redundanten Pedalsensorpaars meldet eine Spannung unter dem zulässigen Fenster. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft das Signal und greift auf den zweiten Sensor zurück oder geht in Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal sensor track worn",
            "de": "Pedalsensor-Schleifbahn verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2122",
        "P2138"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2128",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"E\" Circuit High",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"E\" Stromkreis Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor \"D\" of the pedal pair reports a voltage above the valid window. Often a short to supply or an open ground at the connector.",
        "de": "Sensor \"D\" des Pedalsensorpaars meldet eine Spannung über dem zulässigen Fenster. Häufig ein Kurzschluss nach Plus oder eine unterbrochene Masse am Stecker."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2123",
        "P2138"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2129",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"D\" Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"D\" Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The \"D\" channel of the throttle or pedal sensor produces an intermittent signal — typically marginal connector contacts.",
        "de": "Der Kanal \"D\" des Drosselklappen- oder Pedalsensors liefert ein sporadisches Signal — typischerweise grenzwertige Steckkontakte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "pedal_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector intermittent",
            "de": "Stecker mit Wackelkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_track_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Track D worn",
            "de": "Spur D verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P212A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Position Sensor/Switch G Circuit",
        "de": "Drosselklappenstellungssensor G Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on throttle position sensor G — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. Sensor G is part of a multi-channel redundancy on dual-throttle systems.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Drosselklappenstellungssensor G — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Sensor G ist Teil der Mehrkanal-Redundanz bei Doppel-Drossel-Systemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_g_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_g_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P212B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Position Sensor/Switch G Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappenstellungssensor G Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TPS G reads in range but plausibility check fails — value sticks, lags, or does not match the commanded throttle position.",
        "de": "Der TPS G liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — bleibt hängen, hinkt nach oder folgt der Sollvorgabe nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_g_sticks",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiper sticks",
            "de": "Schleifer bleibt hängen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P212A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P212C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Position Sensor/Switch G Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drosselklappenstellungssensor G Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TPS G below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "TPS G unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_g_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P212A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P212D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Position Sensor/Switch G Circuit High",
        "de": "Drosselklappenstellungssensor G Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TPS G above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "TPS G über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_g_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P212A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P212E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Position Sensor/Switch G Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Drosselklappenstellungssensor G Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TPS G signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or harness issue.",
        "de": "TPS-G-Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_g_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P212A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P212F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F/G Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor F/G Spannungs-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Channels F and G of the throttle/pedal position sensor disagree by more than the allowed tolerance. Drive-by-wire system has lost redundancy and may force limp mode.",
        "de": "Kanäle F und G des Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalsensors weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab. Drive-by-Wire-System hat Redundanz verloren und kann Notlauf erzwingen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_fg_track_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One potentiometer track worn",
            "de": "Eine Potentiometerbahn verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2130",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor F Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on throttle/pedal position sensor F — open, shorted, or out of plausibility.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor F — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_f_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2131",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"E\" Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"E\" Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The \"E\" channel of the pedal/throttle sensor produces electrically valid values that do not match other channels or the operating window.",
        "de": "Der Kanal \"E\" des Pedal-/Drosselklappensensors liefert elektrisch gültige Werte, die nicht zu den anderen Kanälen oder zum Betriebsfenster passen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_correlation_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Correlation with tracks D/F lost",
            "de": "Plausibilität zu Spur D/F verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tps_track_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Track E worn at common angle",
            "de": "Spur E im üblichen Winkel verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2132",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"E\" Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"E\" Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The \"E\" channel signal is below the lower threshold — typically a short to ground or an open signal wire.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kanals \"E\" liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — typischerweise Massekurzschluss oder unterbrochene Signalleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "pedal_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2131"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2133",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"E\" Circuit High",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"E\" Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The \"E\" channel signal is above the upper threshold — usually a short to positive or an open ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kanals \"E\" liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert — meist Kurzschluss nach Plus oder unterbrochene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "pedal_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to positive",
            "de": "Signal nach Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2131",
        "P2132"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2134",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor F Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "TPS/APP sensor F signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Signal des TPS/APP-Sensors F springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_f_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2130"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2135",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"A\"/\"B\" Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"A\"/\"B\" Spannungs-Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The two redundant throttle position sensors on the throttle body disagree by more than allowed. Distinct from P2138 which monitors the pedal pair — P2135 monitors the throttle-body pair on drive-by-wire systems.",
        "de": "Die beiden redundanten Drosselklappenstellungssensoren am Drosselklappengehäuse weichen mehr als zulässig voneinander ab. Unterschied zu P2138 — P2135 überwacht das Sensorpaar am Drosselklappengehäuse, P2138 das Pedalpaar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_position_sensor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle position sensor track worn",
            "de": "Drosselklappensensor-Schleifbahn verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corrosion on throttle body connector",
            "de": "Korrosion am Drosselklappenstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2136",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A/C Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor A/C Spannungs-Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The \"A\" and \"C\" channels of the throttle or pedal sensor disagree by more than the allowed tolerance. The ECU cannot trust either reading and forces limp-home with reduced torque.",
        "de": "Die Kanäle \"A\" und \"C\" des Drosselklappen- oder Pedalsensors weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft beide Werte und erzwingt einen Notlauf mit reduziertem Moment."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "pedal_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_track_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor track worn",
            "de": "Eine Sensorspur verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded with leakage",
            "de": "Stecker korrodiert mit Kriechstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2137",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor B/C Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor B/C Spannungs-Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The \"B\" and \"C\" channels of the throttle or pedal sensor disagree beyond tolerance — the ECU cannot trust either signal and reverts to limp-home.",
        "de": "Die Kanäle \"B\" und \"C\" des Drosselklappen- oder Pedalsensors weichen über die Toleranz hinaus ab — die Motorsteuerung verwirft beide Signale und schaltet in den Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "pedal_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_track_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Track B or C worn",
            "de": "Spur B oder C verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded with leakage",
            "de": "Stecker korrodiert mit Kriechstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2136"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2138",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor \"D\"/\"E\" Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalstellungssensor \"D\"/\"E\" Spannungs-Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The two redundant accelerator pedal position sensors disagree by more than the allowed tolerance. The ECU cannot trust either signal and switches to limp-home with very limited torque. Often appears intermittently with a worn pedal sensor before failing outright.",
        "de": "Die beiden redundanten Pedalwertgeber zeigen eine Abweichung über der zulässigen Toleranz. Die Motorsteuerung kann keinem der beiden Signale trauen und schaltet in den Notlauf mit stark begrenztem Drehmoment. Tritt oft sporadisch auf, bevor ein verschlissener Pedalwertgeber endgültig ausfällt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal position sensor worn or contaminated",
            "de": "Pedalwertgeber verschlissen oder verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pedal_connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded pedal connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Pedalstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2139",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D/F Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor D/F Spannungs-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Channels D and F of the throttle/pedal position sensor disagree by more than the allowed tolerance.",
        "de": "Kanäle D und F des Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalsensors weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_df_track_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One potentiometer track worn",
            "de": "Eine Potentiometerbahn verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P210E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P213A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Throttle Control Circuit B/Open",
        "de": "AGR-Drosselklappensteuerkreis B/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of EGR throttle B is open. EGR throttles partially close intake to increase exhaust gas recirculation flow at low loads.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis der AGR-Drosselklappe B ist offen. AGR-Drosselklappen schliessen den Ansaugtrakt teilweise, um die Abgasrückführrate bei niedriger Last zu erhöhen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_throttle_b",
        "egr_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_throttle_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator winding open",
            "de": "Aktuatorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P213B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Throttle Control Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Drosselklappensteuerkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR throttle B is electrically OK but does not move as commanded — typically carbon buildup or a sticking actuator.",
        "de": "AGR-Drosselklappe B ist elektrisch in Ordnung, bewegt sich aber nicht wie befohlen — meist Verkokung oder klemmender Steller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_throttle_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_throttle_b_carbon",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup restricts movement",
            "de": "Verkokung schränkt Bewegung ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P213A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P213C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Throttle Control Circuit B Low",
        "de": "AGR-Drosselklappensteuerkreis B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR throttle B drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung der AGR-Drosselklappe B niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_throttle_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_throttle_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P213A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P213D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Throttle Control Circuit B High",
        "de": "AGR-Drosselklappensteuerkreis B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR throttle B drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung der AGR-Drosselklappe B hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_throttle_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_throttle_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P213A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P213E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injection System Fault - Forced Engine Shutdown",
        "de": "Einspritzsystem-Fehler - erzwungene Motorabschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A safety-critical fuel-injection fault has been detected and the PCM has shut down the engine to prevent damage. Examples are common-rail pressure runaway, multiple stuck-open injectors, or HPFP failure.",
        "de": "Ein sicherheitskritischer Einspritzfehler wurde erkannt und das Steuergerät hat den Motor abgeschaltet, um Schaden zu verhindern. Beispiele sind ausser Kontrolle geratener Common-Rail-Druck, mehrere offen festsitzende Injektoren oder HPFP-Ausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injection_system",
        "common_rail",
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cri_runaway_pressure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Common-rail pressure runaway",
            "de": "Common-Rail-Druck ausser Kontrolle"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cri_inj_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector stuck open",
            "de": "Injektor offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P213F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump System Fault - Forced Engine Shutdown",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpen-Fehler - erzwungene Motorabschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A safety-critical fuel-pump fault has been detected and the engine has been shut down. Typical for HPFP runaway or low-pressure pump that loses control authority.",
        "de": "Ein sicherheitskritischer Kraftstoffpumpenfehler wurde erkannt und der Motor wurde abgeschaltet. Typisch bei HPFP ausser Kontrolle oder Vorförderpumpe ohne Regelautorität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "low_pressure_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hpfp_runaway",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HPFP runaway",
            "de": "HPFP ausser Kontrolle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P213E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2140",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E/F Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor E/F Spannungs-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Channels E and F of the throttle/pedal position sensor disagree by more than the allowed tolerance.",
        "de": "Kanäle E und F des Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalsensors weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_ef_track_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One potentiometer track worn",
            "de": "Eine Potentiometerbahn verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P210E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2141",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Throttle Control Circuit A Low",
        "de": "AGR-Drosselklappensteuerkreis A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR throttle A drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung der AGR-Drosselklappe A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_throttle_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_throttle_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2142",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Throttle Control Circuit A High",
        "de": "AGR-Drosselklappensteuerkreis A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR throttle A drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung der AGR-Drosselklappe A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_throttle_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_throttle_a_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2141"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2143",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Vent Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "AGR-Entlüftungssteuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of the EGR vent solenoid is open — the solenoid releases vacuum from the EGR actuator. Open circuit means the EGR cannot reset its position.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des AGR-Entlüftungsmagneten ist offen — der Magnet entlüftet das Vakuum am AGR-Steller. Bei offenem Kreis kann das AGR seine Position nicht zurücksetzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_vent_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_vent_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2144",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Vent Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Entlüftungssteuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR vent solenoid drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des AGR-Entlüftungsmagneten niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_vent_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_vent_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2143"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2145",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Vent Control Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Entlüftungssteuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR vent solenoid drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des AGR-Entlüftungsmagneten hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_vent_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_vent_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2143"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2146",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group A Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Einspritzventil-Gruppe A Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis/Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an open or missing supply voltage on injector group A. The injectors of this bank cannot be energized; the affected cylinders may not fire and the engine runs rough or stalls.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Unterbrechung oder fehlende Versorgungsspannung an Einspritzventil-Gruppe A. Die Injektoren dieser Bank koennen nicht angesteuert werden; die betroffenen Zylinder zuenden nicht und der Motor laeuft unrund oder stirbt ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_supply_relay",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blown injector fuse",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Injektor-Sicherung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty injector supply relay",
            "de": "Defektes Versorgungsrelais der Injektoren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2147",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group A Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Einspritzventil-Gruppe A Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage measured at injector group A is below the calibrated threshold. Either the supply is shorted to ground or the source voltage has collapsed during cranking or load.",
        "de": "Die an Einspritzventil-Gruppe A gemessene Versorgungsspannung liegt unter dem kalibrierten Schwellenwert. Entweder ist die Versorgung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Quellspannung bricht beim Starten oder unter Last ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_supply_relay",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery, low cranking voltage",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie, niedrige Startspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2148",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group A Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Einspritzventil-Gruppe A Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector group A supply voltage exceeds the calibrated upper limit. Often a sign of a short to battery voltage on the supply line, an over-charging alternator or an internal driver failure.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung der Injektoren Gruppe A uebersteigt den kalibrierten oberen Grenzwert. Typische Ursache ist ein Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung auf der Versorgungsleitung, ein ueberladender Generator oder ein interner Treiberfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_wiring",
        "alternator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "overcharge",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Ueberspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2149",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group B Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Einspritzventil-Gruppe B Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis/Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an open or missing supply voltage on injector group B. The injectors on this bank cannot be energized, leading to misfire on the affected cylinders.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Unterbrechung oder fehlende Versorgungsspannung an Einspritzventil-Gruppe B. Die Injektoren dieser Bank koennen nicht angesteuert werden, es kommt zu Zuendaussetzern an den betroffenen Zylindern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "injector_supply_relay",
        "injector_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blown injector group B fuse",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Sicherung der Injektor-Gruppe B"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty injector supply relay",
            "de": "Defektes Versorgungsrelais"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P214A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR NOx Catalyst Inlet Temperature Too High",
        "de": "SCR NOx-Katalysator Eingangstemperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The temperature sensor at the SCR inlet reports a value above the safe limit. The SCR catalyst loses NH3 storage capacity above ~550 °C and can be permanently damaged.",
        "de": "Der Temperatursensor am SCR-Eingang meldet einen Wert über dem zulässigen Grenzwert. Der SCR-Katalysator verliert oberhalb ca. 550 °C die NH3-Speicherfähigkeit und kann dauerhaft geschädigt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_inlet_overtemp",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream regeneration overshoot",
            "de": "Vorgelagerte Regeneration überschiesst"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P214B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR NOx Catalyst Inlet Temperature Too High During Particulate Filter Regeneration",
        "de": "SCR NOx-Katalysator Eingangstemperatur zu hoch während Partikelfilter-Regeneration"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Specifically during DPF regeneration, the SCR inlet temperature exceeded the safe limit — typically because too much HC was injected upstream or because the regeneration ran too long.",
        "de": "Spezifisch während der DPF-Regeneration hat die SCR-Eingangstemperatur den Grenzwert überschritten — meist zu viel HC vor dem DOC eingespritzt oder Regeneration zu lang gefahren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "aftertreatment_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_overdose_hc",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HC dosing overshot during regeneration",
            "de": "HC-Dosierung bei Regeneration überschossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P214A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P214C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR NOx Catalyst Outlet Temperature Too High",
        "de": "SCR NOx-Katalysator Ausgangstemperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The temperature sensor at the SCR inlet reports a value above the safe limit. The SCR catalyst loses NH3 storage capacity above ~550 °C and can be permanently damaged.",
        "de": "Der Temperatursensor am SCR-Eingang meldet einen Wert über dem zulässigen Grenzwert. Der SCR-Katalysator verliert oberhalb ca. 550 °C die NH3-Speicherfähigkeit und kann dauerhaft geschädigt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_outlet_overtemp",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained over-temperature event",
            "de": "Anhaltende Übertemperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P214A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P214D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR NOx Catalyst Outlet Temperature Too High During Particulate Filter Regeneration",
        "de": "SCR NOx-Katalysator Ausgangstemperatur zu hoch während Partikelfilter-Regeneration"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Specifically during DPF regeneration, the SCR inlet temperature exceeded the safe limit — typically because too much HC was injected upstream or because the regeneration ran too long.",
        "de": "Spezifisch während der DPF-Regeneration hat die SCR-Eingangstemperatur den Grenzwert überschritten — meist zu viel HC vor dem DOC eingespritzt oder Regeneration zu lang gefahren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_overdose_hc",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HC dosing overshot",
            "de": "HC-Dosierung überschossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P214B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P214E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump A Current Too High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe A Stromaufnahme zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF pump A current draw exceeds the upper threshold — typically a seized pump head or partial winding short.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme der AdBlue-Pumpe A übersteigt die obere Schwelle — meist festsitzender Pumpenkopf oder teilweise kurzgeschlossene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_a_high_current_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump head seized",
            "de": "Pumpenkopf festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_a_winding_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Winding partially shorted",
            "de": "Wicklung teilweise kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P214F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater A Current Too High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung A Stromaufnahme zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF heater A current draw exceeds the upper threshold — typically a partial short in the heating element.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme des AdBlue-Heizers A übersteigt die obere Schwelle — meist teilweiser Kurzschluss im Heizelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_a_high_current_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element partially shorted",
            "de": "Element teilweise kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2150",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group B Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B Versorgungsspannung Kreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply rail to fuel injector group B is below the lower threshold — fuse, relay, or supply harness fault.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsschiene der Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B liegt unter der unteren Schwelle — Sicherung, Relais oder Versorgungs-Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_b",
        "injector_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_b_supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse, relay, or wiring fault on supply",
            "de": "Sicherung, Relais oder Verkabelungsfehler an der Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2151",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group B Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B Versorgungsspannung Kreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group B above the upper threshold — typically a stuck-closed regulator or alternator overshoot.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe B über der oberen Schwelle — meist Spannungsregler hängt zu oder Lichtmaschine schiesst über."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_b",
        "voltage_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_b_supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2150"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2152",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group C Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe C Versorgungsspannung Kreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group C is open — group C will not fire.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe C ist offen — Gruppe C feuert nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_c_supply_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open supply wire or blown fuse",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Versorgungsleitung oder defekte Sicherung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2153",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group C Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe C Versorgungsspannung Kreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply rail to fuel injector group B is below the lower threshold — fuse, relay, or supply harness fault.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsschiene der Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B liegt unter der unteren Schwelle — Sicherung, Relais oder Versorgungs-Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_c_supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse, relay, or wiring fault on supply",
            "de": "Sicherung, Relais oder Verkabelungsfehler an der Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2152"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2154",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group C Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe C Versorgungsspannung Kreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group B above the upper threshold — typically a stuck-closed regulator or alternator overshoot.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe B über der oberen Schwelle — meist Spannungsregler hängt zu oder Lichtmaschine schiesst über."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_c_supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2152"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2155",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group D Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe D Versorgungsspannung Kreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group C is open — group C will not fire.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe C ist offen — Gruppe C feuert nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_d_supply_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open supply wire or blown fuse",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Versorgungsleitung oder defekte Sicherung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2152"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2156",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group D Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe D Versorgungsspannung Kreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply rail to fuel injector group B is below the lower threshold — fuse, relay, or supply harness fault.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsschiene der Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B liegt unter der unteren Schwelle — Sicherung, Relais oder Versorgungs-Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_d_supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse, relay, or wiring fault on supply",
            "de": "Sicherung, Relais oder Verkabelungsfehler an der Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2150"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2157",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group D Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe D Versorgungsspannung Kreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group B above the upper threshold — typically a stuck-closed regulator or alternator overshoot.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe B über der oberen Schwelle — meist Spannungsregler hängt zu oder Lichtmaschine schiesst über."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_d_supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2151"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2158",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Fahrgeschwindigkeitssensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on vehicle speed sensor B — second VSS used either at the transmission output or as redundancy. Open, short, or implausible signal.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Fahrgeschwindigkeitssensor B — zweiter VSS am Getriebeausgang oder als Redundanz. Offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vss_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vss_b_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2159",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitssensor B Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signal of the secondary vehicle speed sensor is implausible compared to other sensors. The ECU cannot use the value for fuel and ignition control or transmission shifting.",
        "de": "Das Signal des zweiten Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitssensors ist im Vergleich zu anderen Sensoren nicht plausibel. Die ECU kann den Wert nicht zur Kraftstoff- und Zuendregelung oder Getriebeschaltung heranziehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor",
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "vss_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vss_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty vehicle speed sensor B",
            "de": "Defekter Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitssensor B"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_issue",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged wiring or connector",
            "de": "Beschaedigte Leitung oder Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P215A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed - Wheel Speed Correlation",
        "de": "Fahrgeschwindigkeit - Raddrehzahl Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle speed signal computed from VSS does not match the wheel-speed signal from ABS within tolerance. One of the two sources is wrong, or there is a tyre-size mismatch.",
        "de": "Die aus dem VSS berechnete Fahrgeschwindigkeit passt nicht zum Raddrehzahl-Signal vom ABS. Eine der beiden Quellen liegt falsch, oder die Reifengrösse passt nicht zur Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor",
        "wheel_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vss_wss_mismatch_tyres",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tyre size mismatch versus calibration",
            "de": "Reifengrösse passt nicht zur Kalibrierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vss_wss_mismatch_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifts or fails",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet oder fällt aus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P215B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed - Output Shaft Speed Correlation",
        "de": "Fahrgeschwindigkeit - Abtriebswellendrehzahl Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VSS does not match transmission output-shaft speed within tolerance. Possible transmission slip, sensor fault, or harness issue.",
        "de": "VSS und Getriebeabtriebswellen-Drehzahl weichen über die Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab. Möglich sind Getriebeschlupf, Sensorfehler oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor",
        "output_shaft_speed_sensor",
        "transmission"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vss_oss_slip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission slip",
            "de": "Getriebeschlupf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P215A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P215C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Output Shaft Speed - Wheel Speed Correlation",
        "de": "Abtriebswellendrehzahl - Raddrehzahl Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Transmission output-shaft speed does not match ABS wheel speed within tolerance — typically transmission slip, driveline fault, or one sensor drift.",
        "de": "Getriebeabtriebswellen-Drehzahl und ABS-Raddrehzahl weichen über die Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab — meist Getriebeschlupf, Antriebsstrangfehler oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "output_shaft_speed_sensor",
        "wheel_speed_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oss_wss_slip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission or driveline slip",
            "de": "Getriebe- oder Antriebsstrang-Schlupf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P215A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P215D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump B Stuck On",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelpumpe B bleibt eingeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF (urea) pump A keeps running when commanded off, or its drive current does not drop to zero. Continuous pumping over-pressurises the dosing line and can crystallise DEF at the injector.",
        "de": "Die AdBlue-Pumpe A läuft trotz Abschaltbefehl weiter oder der Stromfluss fällt nicht auf null. Dauerlauf erhöht den Leitungsdruck und lässt AdBlue am Injektor auskristallisieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_pump_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_b_relay_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump relay contacts welded",
            "de": "Pumpenrelais-Kontakte verschweisst"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P201F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P215E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater D Current Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung D Stromaufnahme zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF heater D current draw is below threshold — typically a partially-open winding.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme des AdBlue-Heizers D unter Schwellwert — meist teilweise unterbrochene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_d_partial_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element partially open",
            "de": "Element teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P215F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater D Current Too High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung D Stromaufnahme zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF heater D current draw exceeds threshold — element partially shorted.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme des AdBlue-Heizers D übersteigt Schwellwert — Element teilweise kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_d_partial_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element partially shorted",
            "de": "Element teilweise kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P215E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2160",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Fahrgeschwindigkeitssensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VSS B reads below lower plausibility — short to ground or sensor not signalling.",
        "de": "VSS B unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Sensor liefert kein Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vss_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2158"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2161",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic/High",
        "de": "Fahrgeschwindigkeitssensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch/hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VSS B signal jumps, drops out, or reads above plausibility — connector or harness issue, or magnetic ring damaged.",
        "de": "VSS-B-Signal springt, fällt aus oder liegt über der Plausibilität — Stecker-/Kabelbaumproblem oder beschädigter Geberring."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor_b",
        "speed_sensor_tone_ring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vss_b_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vss_b_tone_ring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone ring chipped",
            "de": "Geberring beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2158"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2162",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Speed Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Fahrgeschwindigkeitssensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "VSS A and VSS B disagree by more than the allowed tolerance.",
        "de": "VSS A und VSS B weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_speed_sensor",
        "vehicle_speed_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vss_ab_one_drifts",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifts",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2158"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2163",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor A Maximum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor A Maximalanschlag Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/pedal position sensor A does not reach the calibrated maximum-stop value during the wide-open self-test. Sensor wear, mechanical stop misalignment, or a stuck pedal.",
        "de": "Der Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalsensor A erreicht beim Volllast-Selbsttest nicht den kalibrierten Maximalwert. Sensorverschleiss, dejustierter Anschlag oder klemmendes Pedal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_max_stop_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or mechanical stop worn",
            "de": "Sensor oder mechanischer Anschlag verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2164",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor B Maximum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor B Maximalanschlag Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/pedal position sensor B does not reach the calibrated maximum-stop value during the wide-open self-test. Sensor wear, mechanical stop misalignment, or a stuck pedal.",
        "de": "Der Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalsensor B erreicht beim Volllast-Selbsttest nicht den kalibrierten Maximalwert. Sensorverschleiss, dejustierter Anschlag oder klemmendes Pedal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_max_stop_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or mechanical stop worn",
            "de": "Sensor oder mechanischer Anschlag verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2163"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2165",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor C Maximum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor C Maximalanschlag Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/pedal position sensor C does not reach the calibrated maximum-stop value during the wide-open self-test. Sensor wear, mechanical stop misalignment, or a stuck pedal.",
        "de": "Der Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalsensor C erreicht beim Volllast-Selbsttest nicht den kalibrierten Maximalwert. Sensorverschleiss, dejustierter Anschlag oder klemmendes Pedal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_max_stop_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or mechanical stop worn",
            "de": "Sensor oder mechanischer Anschlag verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2163"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2166",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor D Maximum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor D Maximalanschlag Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/pedal position sensor D does not reach the calibrated maximum-stop value during the wide-open self-test. Sensor wear, mechanical stop misalignment, or a stuck pedal.",
        "de": "Der Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalsensor D erreicht beim Volllast-Selbsttest nicht den kalibrierten Maximalwert. Sensorverschleiss, dejustierter Anschlag oder klemmendes Pedal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_max_stop_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or mechanical stop worn",
            "de": "Sensor oder mechanischer Anschlag verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2163"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2167",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor E Maximum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor E Maximalanschlag Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/pedal position sensor E does not reach the calibrated maximum-stop value during the wide-open self-test. Sensor wear, mechanical stop misalignment, or a stuck pedal.",
        "de": "Der Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalsensor E erreicht beim Volllast-Selbsttest nicht den kalibrierten Maximalwert. Sensorverschleiss, dejustierter Anschlag oder klemmendes Pedal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_max_stop_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or mechanical stop worn",
            "de": "Sensor oder mechanischer Anschlag verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2163"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2168",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor F Maximum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalstellungssensor F Maximalanschlag Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/pedal position sensor F does not reach the calibrated maximum-stop value during the wide-open self-test. Sensor wear, mechanical stop misalignment, or a stuck pedal.",
        "de": "Der Drosselklappen-/Fahrpedalsensor F erreicht beim Volllast-Selbsttest nicht den kalibrierten Maximalwert. Sensorverschleiss, dejustierter Anschlag oder klemmendes Pedal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "accelerator_pedal_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tps_max_stop_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or mechanical stop worn",
            "de": "Sensor oder mechanischer Anschlag verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2163"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2169",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Regulator Vent Solenoid Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregler-Entlüftungsmagnet Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of the exhaust pressure regulator vent solenoid is open. The solenoid releases pressure from the exhaust backpressure regulator, which is part of the exhaust brake system on diesel trucks.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Entlüftungsmagneten am Abgasdruckregler ist offen. Der Magnet entlüftet den Abgasdruckregler — Teil der Abgasbremse bei Diesel-LKW."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator",
        "exhaust_brake"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epr_vent_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P216A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group E Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe E Versorgungsspannung Kreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group C is open — group C will not fire.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe C ist offen — Gruppe C feuert nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_e_supply_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open supply wire or blown fuse",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Versorgungsleitung oder defekte Sicherung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2152"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P216B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group E Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe E Versorgungsspannung Kreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply rail to fuel injector group B is below the lower threshold — fuse, relay, or supply harness fault.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsschiene der Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B liegt unter der unteren Schwelle — Sicherung, Relais oder Versorgungs-Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_e_supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse, relay, or wiring fault on supply",
            "de": "Sicherung, Relais oder Verkabelungsfehler an der Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2150"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P216C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group E Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe E Versorgungsspannung Kreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group B above the upper threshold — typically a stuck-closed regulator or alternator overshoot.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe B über der oberen Schwelle — meist Spannungsregler hängt zu oder Lichtmaschine schiesst über."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_e_supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2151"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P216D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group F Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe F Versorgungsspannung Kreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group C is open — group C will not fire.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe C ist offen — Gruppe C feuert nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_f_supply_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open supply wire or blown fuse",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Versorgungsleitung oder defekte Sicherung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2152"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P216E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group F Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe F Versorgungsspannung Kreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply rail to fuel injector group B is below the lower threshold — fuse, relay, or supply harness fault.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsschiene der Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B liegt unter der unteren Schwelle — Sicherung, Relais oder Versorgungs-Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_f_supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse, relay, or wiring fault on supply",
            "de": "Sicherung, Relais oder Verkabelungsfehler an der Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2150"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P216F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group F Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe F Versorgungsspannung Kreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group B above the upper threshold — typically a stuck-closed regulator or alternator overshoot.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe B über der oberen Schwelle — meist Spannungsregler hängt zu oder Lichtmaschine schiesst über."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_f_supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2151"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2170",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Regulator Vent Solenoid Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregler-Entlüftungsmagnet Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EPR vent solenoid drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Abgasdruckregler-Entlüftungsmagneten niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epr_vent_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2169"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2171",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Regulator Vent Solenoid Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasdruckregler-Entlüftungsmagnet Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EPR vent solenoid drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Abgasdruckregler-Entlüftungsmagneten hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epr_vent_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2169"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2172",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System - Sudden High Air Flow Detected",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung - plötzlich hohe Luftmenge erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A sudden, large jump in MAF/MAP signal not matched by a corresponding pedal change has been detected — typically a torn intake boot, dropped MAF sensor, or actively-stuck-open throttle plate.",
        "de": "Ein plötzlicher, grosser Sprung im MAF/MAP-Signal ohne entsprechende Pedaländerung wurde erkannt — meist gerissener Ansaugschlauch, abgefallener MAF-Sensor oder offen festsitzende Drosselklappe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electronic_throttle_body",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "intake_air_duct"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_intake_boot_torn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torn intake boot",
            "de": "Gerissener Ansaugschlauch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "throttle_maf_dropped",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor connection lost",
            "de": "MAF-Sensorverbindung verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2173",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Airflow/Vacuum Leak Detected (Slow Accumulation)",
        "de": "Hoher Luftmassenstrom / Vakuumleck erkannt (langsame Akkumulation)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Long-term fuel and air adaptation values indicate a slow but continuous excess of air entering the engine. The ECU concludes that an unmetered air leak is gradually growing in the intake system.",
        "de": "Die Langzeit-Adaptionswerte fuer Luft und Kraftstoff zeigen einen langsamen, aber kontinuierlichen Luftueberschuss im Motor. Die ECU schliesst auf ein langsam zunehmendes Falschluftleck im Ansaugsystem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_gasket",
        "vacuum_hoses",
        "throttle_body",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked vacuum hose or intake gasket",
            "de": "Geplatzter Unterdruckschlauch oder Ansaugdichtung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dirty mass airflow sensor",
            "de": "Verschmutzter Luftmassenmesser"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2174",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System - Sudden Low Air Flow Detected",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung - plötzlich niedrige Luftmenge erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A sudden, large drop in MAF/MAP signal not matched by a pedal change — typically intake restriction, MAF failure, or actively-stuck-closed throttle plate.",
        "de": "Ein plötzlicher, grosser Abfall im MAF/MAP-Signal ohne entsprechende Pedaländerung — meist Ansaug-Verengung, MAF-Ausfall oder geschlossen festsitzende Drosselklappe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electronic_throttle_body",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_intake_restriction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake severely restricted",
            "de": "Ansaugtrakt stark verengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2172"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2175",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System - Low Air Flow Detected",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung - niedrige Luftmenge erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sustained low air-flow condition detected — slower than P2174 but persistent. Restricted air filter, dirty MAF, or partially-stuck throttle.",
        "de": "Anhaltend niedrige Luftmenge erkannt — langsamer als P2174 aber dauerhaft. Verstopfter Luftfilter, verschmutzter MAF oder teilweise klemmende Drossel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "intake_air_filter",
        "electronic_throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_filter_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air filter heavily restricted",
            "de": "Luftfilter stark verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF sensor contaminated",
            "de": "Luftmassenmesser verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2174"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2176",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator A Control System - Idle Position Not Learned",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung A - Leerlaufposition nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After a battery disconnect or PCM reset, throttle A has not completed the idle-position learn procedure. Adaption is required after throttle body cleaning, replacement, or PCM relearn.",
        "de": "Nach Batterieabklemmen oder Steuergerät-Reset hat Drosselklappe A die Leerlaufpositions-Anlernung nicht abgeschlossen. Anpassung ist nach Drosselkörperreinigung, Tausch oder Steuergerät-Anlernung nötig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electronic_throttle_body",
        "powertrain_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_idle_relearn_pending",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Idle relearn procedure not completed",
            "de": "Leerlauf-Anlernung nicht abgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2177",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Lean Off Idle Bank 1",
        "de": "Gemisch zu mager ausserhalb Leerlauf Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel trim values on bank 1 indicate a lean condition during off-idle operation. The ECU has to add significant fuel correction to maintain stoichiometric mixture above idle.",
        "de": "Die Gemischanpassungswerte auf Bank 1 zeigen ausserhalb des Leerlaufs ein zu mageres Gemisch. Die ECU muss erhebliche Kraftstoffkorrektur hinzufuegen, um oberhalb des Leerlaufs das stoechiometrische Gemisch zu halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold",
        "vacuum_hoses",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak under load",
            "de": "Falschluft unter Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low fuel pressure / weak pump",
            "de": "Niedriger Kraftstoffdruck / schwache Pumpe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated MAF sensor",
            "de": "Verschmutzter Luftmassenmesser"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2178",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Rich Off Idle Bank 1",
        "de": "Gemisch zu fett ausserhalb Leerlauf Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 fuel trim shows a strong rich correction during off-idle operation. The ECU is forced to subtract fuel to keep the mixture near stoichiometric.",
        "de": "Die Gemischanpassung auf Bank 1 zeigt ausserhalb des Leerlaufs eine starke fette Korrektur. Die ECU muss Kraftstoff abziehen, um das Gemisch nahe der stoechiometrischen Zusammensetzung zu halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_injector",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "evap_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_injector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking fuel injector",
            "de": "Undichtes Einspritzventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive fuel pressure",
            "de": "Zu hoher Kraftstoffdruck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck-open purge valve",
            "de": "Klemmendes Tankentlueftungsventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2179",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Lean Off Idle Bank 2",
        "de": "Gemisch zu mager ausserhalb Leerlauf Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel trims on bank 2 show a lean deviation during off-idle operating conditions. Causes are similar to bank 1 but isolated to the second cylinder bank.",
        "de": "Die Gemischanpassung auf Bank 2 zeigt ausserhalb des Leerlaufs eine magere Abweichung. Die Ursachen entsprechen denen von Bank 1, sind auf die zweite Zylinderbank beschraenkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold",
        "vacuum_hoses",
        "fuel_injector",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak_bank2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak on bank 2",
            "de": "Falschluft auf Bank 2"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low fuel pressure",
            "de": "Niedriger Kraftstoffdruck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P217A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group G Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe G Versorgungsspannung Kreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group C is open — group C will not fire.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe C ist offen — Gruppe C feuert nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_g_supply_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open supply wire or blown fuse",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Versorgungsleitung oder defekte Sicherung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2152"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P217B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group G Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe G Versorgungsspannung Kreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply rail to fuel injector group B is below the lower threshold — fuse, relay, or supply harness fault.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsschiene der Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B liegt unter der unteren Schwelle — Sicherung, Relais oder Versorgungs-Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_g_supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse, relay, or wiring fault on supply",
            "de": "Sicherung, Relais oder Verkabelungsfehler an der Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2150"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P217C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group G Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe G Versorgungsspannung Kreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group B above the upper threshold — typically a stuck-closed regulator or alternator overshoot.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe B über der oberen Schwelle — meist Spannungsregler hängt zu oder Lichtmaschine schiesst über."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_g_supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2151"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P217D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group H Supply Voltage Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe H Versorgungsspannung Kreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group C is open — group C will not fire.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe C ist offen — Gruppe C feuert nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_h_supply_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open supply wire or blown fuse",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Versorgungsleitung oder defekte Sicherung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2152"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P217E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group H Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe H Versorgungsspannung Kreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply rail to fuel injector group B is below the lower threshold — fuse, relay, or supply harness fault.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsschiene der Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B liegt unter der unteren Schwelle — Sicherung, Relais oder Versorgungs-Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_h_supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse, relay, or wiring fault on supply",
            "de": "Sicherung, Relais oder Verkabelungsfehler an der Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2150"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P217F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group H Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe H Versorgungsspannung Kreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply rail to injector group B above the upper threshold — typically a stuck-closed regulator or alternator overshoot.",
        "de": "Versorgungsschiene der Injektor-Gruppe B über der oberen Schwelle — meist Spannungsregler hängt zu oder Lichtmaschine schiesst über."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inj_h_supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2151"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2180",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Rich Off Idle Bank 2",
        "de": "Gemisch zu fett ausserhalb Leerlauf Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 fuel trim shows a rich shift during off-idle conditions. The ECU subtracts fuel to maintain proper combustion. Common causes are stuck injectors or excess fuel pressure.",
        "de": "Die Gemischanpassung auf Bank 2 weist ausserhalb des Leerlaufs eine fette Verschiebung auf. Die ECU reduziert Kraftstoff, um eine korrekte Verbrennung zu gewaehrleisten. Haeufige Ursachen sind haengende Injektoren oder zu hoher Kraftstoffdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "evap_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_injector_bank2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking injector on bank 2",
            "de": "Undichtes Injektor auf Bank 2"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive fuel pressure",
            "de": "Zu hoher Kraftstoffdruck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2181",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cooling System Performance",
        "de": "Kühlsystem Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine cooling system does not reach or maintain the expected temperature within the diagnostic window — usually a stuck-open thermostat, but also a low coolant level or a stuck cooling fan that overcools the engine.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlsystem erreicht oder hält die erwartete Temperatur im Diagnosefenster nicht — meist ein offen hängender Thermostat, aber auch zu niedriger Kühlmittelstand oder ein klemmender Lüfter, der den Motor zu stark kühlt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermostat",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor",
        "cooling_fan"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat stuck open",
            "de": "Thermostat hängt offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_level_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_fan_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling fan stuck on",
            "de": "Lüfter hängt eingeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2182",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Temperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on engine coolant temperature sensor 2 — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. Sensor 2 is typically at the radiator outlet or as redundancy on the second cylinder bank.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Motorkühlmittel-Temperatursensor 2 — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Sensor 2 sitzt meist am Kühleraustritt oder als Redundanz an der zweiten Zylinderbank."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ect2_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ect2_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness fault",
            "de": "Kabelbaumfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2183",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Temperatursensor 2 Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECT sensor 2 reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response, stuck reading, or value does not track ECT 1 across a warm-up.",
        "de": "ECT-Sensor 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — träge Reaktion, eingefrorener Wert oder folgt ECT 1 beim Warmlauf nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ect2_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drifts over service life",
            "de": "Sensor driftet im Lauf der Betriebszeit"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2182"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2184",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Temperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECT sensor 2 reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "ECT-Sensor 2 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ect2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2182"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2185",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 2 Stromkreis Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second coolant temperature sensor (often radiator-outlet or cylinder-head bank) reports a voltage above the upper threshold — typically an open signal wire or a sensor with infinite resistance.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kühlmitteltemperatursensor (oft am Kühlerausgang oder am Zylinderkopf einer Bank) meldet eine Spannung über dem oberen Schwellwert — typischerweise eine unterbrochene Signalleitung oder ein Sensor mit unendlichem Widerstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_temperature_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ect_sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element open",
            "de": "Sensorelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2186",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 2 Stromkreis Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second coolant temperature sensor reports a voltage below the lower threshold — typically a short to ground or a sensor with very low resistance.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kühlmitteltemperatursensor meldet eine Spannung unter dem unteren Schwellwert — typischerweise ein Massekurzschluss oder ein Sensor mit sehr niedrigem Widerstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_temperature_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ect_sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element shorted",
            "de": "Sensorelement durchlegiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2185"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2187",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Lean at Idle (Bank 1)",
        "de": "System zu mager im Leerlauf (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel trim on bank 1 hits the lean limit only at idle, while trim returns to normal at higher load. This pattern strongly indicates a vacuum leak — leaks become a larger fraction of total airflow at idle and so dominate the trim, but disappear into background noise above idle.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstofftrimmung auf Bank 1 erreicht nur im Leerlauf den mageren Anschlag, bei höherer Last normalisiert sie sich. Dieses Muster weist sehr stark auf Falschluft hin — Lecks machen im Leerlauf einen großen Anteil am Gesamtluftstrom aus und prägen die Trimmung, oberhalb des Leerlaufs gehen sie im Rauschen unter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold",
        "pcv_valve",
        "brake_booster",
        "vacuum_hose"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intake_vacuum_leak_idle",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak (intake gasket, brake booster, hoses)",
            "de": "Falschluft (Saugrohrdichtung, Bremskraftverstärker, Schläuche)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pcv_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "PCV valve stuck open",
            "de": "PCV-Ventil hängt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0171"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2188",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Rich at Idle (Bank 1)",
        "de": "System zu fett im Leerlauf (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel trim on bank 1 hits the rich limit only at idle. Often a leaking injector dribbling fuel at low load, a sticky purge valve dumping fuel vapour, or fuel pressure regulator that fails to relieve pressure when intake vacuum is high.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstofftrimmung auf Bank 1 erreicht nur im Leerlauf den fetten Anschlag. Häufig ein undichter Injektor, der bei geringer Last Kraftstoff abgibt, ein hängendes Tankentlüftungsventil, das Benzindämpfe einleitet, oder ein Kraftstoffdruckregler, der bei hohem Saugrohrunterdruck den Druck nicht abbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "evap_purge_valve",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leaking_idle",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking injector at idle",
            "de": "Undichter Injektor im Leerlauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve stuck open",
            "de": "Tankentlüftungsventil hängt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0172"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2189",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Lean at Idle (Bank 2)",
        "de": "System zu mager im Leerlauf (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel trim on bank 2 hits the lean limit only at idle, while trim returns to normal at higher load. This pattern strongly indicates a vacuum leak — leaks become a larger fraction of total airflow at idle and so dominate the trim, but disappear into background noise above idle.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstofftrimmung auf Bank 2 erreicht nur im Leerlauf den mageren Anschlag, bei höherer Last normalisiert sie sich. Dieses Muster weist sehr stark auf Falschluft hin — Lecks machen im Leerlauf einen großen Anteil am Gesamtluftstrom aus und prägen die Trimmung, oberhalb des Leerlaufs gehen sie im Rauschen unter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold",
        "pcv_valve",
        "vacuum_hose"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intake_vacuum_leak_idle",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak on bank 2",
            "de": "Falschluft auf Bank 2"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pcv_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "PCV valve stuck open",
            "de": "PCV-Ventil hängt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2187",
        "P0174"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P218A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control System - Idle Position Not Learned",
        "de": "Drosselklappensteuerung B - Leerlaufposition nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After a battery disconnect or PCM reset, throttle A has not completed the idle-position learn procedure. Adaption is required after throttle body cleaning, replacement, or PCM relearn.",
        "de": "Nach Batterieabklemmen oder Steuergerät-Reset hat Drosselklappe A die Leerlaufpositions-Anlernung nicht abgeschlossen. Anpassung ist nach Drosselkörperreinigung, Tausch oder Steuergerät-Anlernung nötig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "throttle_b_idle_relearn_pending",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Idle relearn procedure not completed",
            "de": "Leerlauf-Anlernung nicht abgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2176"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P218B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Fuel Inhibit B Circuit",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the throttle/fuel inhibit signal B — used by anti-theft, immobiliser, or transmission to forbid throttle/fuel until released.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperrsignal B — wird von Diebstahlschutz, Wegfahrsperre oder Getriebe genutzt, um Drossel/Kraftstoff zu sperren bis freigegeben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_fuel_inhibit",
        "immobiliser"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inhibit_b_signal_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inhibit signal lost",
            "de": "Sperrsignal verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P218C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Fuel Inhibit B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/fuel inhibit B signal reads in range but plausibility fails — does not assert/release as expected.",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperrsignal B liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — schaltet nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_fuel_inhibit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inhibit_b_logic_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inhibit logic mismatch",
            "de": "Sperrlogik unstimmig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P218B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P218D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Fuel Inhibit B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/fuel inhibit B line stuck low.",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperrleitung B niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_fuel_inhibit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inhibit_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P218B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P218E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Fuel Inhibit B Circuit High",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/fuel inhibit B line stuck high.",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperrleitung B hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_fuel_inhibit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inhibit_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P218B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P218F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant No Flow Detected",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel kein Durchfluss erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DEF dosing system commands flow but the pressure or flow sensor reports no actual delivery — typically a fully blocked dosing nozzle, a frozen line, or a dead pump.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Dosiersystem fordert Durchfluss, der Druck- oder Durchflusssensor meldet aber keine tatsächliche Förderung — meist komplett blockierte Dosierdüse, eingefrorene Leitung oder defekte Pumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit",
        "reductant_pump",
        "reductant_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_no_flow_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dosing line or nozzle fully blocked",
            "de": "Dosierleitung oder Düse komplett blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_no_flow_pump_dead",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump dead",
            "de": "Pumpe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_no_flow_frozen",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Line frozen at very low ambient temperature",
            "de": "Leitung bei sehr tiefen Aussentemperaturen eingefroren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2190",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Rich at Idle (Bank 2)",
        "de": "System zu fett im Leerlauf (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel trim on bank 2 hits the rich limit only at idle. Often a leaking injector dribbling fuel at low load, a sticky purge valve dumping fuel vapour, or fuel pressure regulator that fails to relieve pressure when intake vacuum is high.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstofftrimmung auf Bank 2 erreicht nur im Leerlauf den fetten Anschlag. Häufig ein undichter Injektor, der bei geringer Last Kraftstoff abgibt, ein hängendes Tankentlüftungsventil, das Benzindämpfe einleitet, oder ein Kraftstoffdruckregler, der bei hohem Saugrohrunterdruck den Druck nicht abbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "evap_purge_valve",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leaking_idle",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking injector at idle on bank 2",
            "de": "Undichter Injektor im Leerlauf auf Bank 2"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve stuck open",
            "de": "Tankentlüftungsventil hängt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2188",
        "P0175"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2191",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Lean at Higher Load (Bank 1)",
        "de": "System zu mager bei höherer Last (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 fuel trim hits the lean limit only at higher engine load. Pattern points to a fuel-supply restriction — failing fuel pump, blocked filter, or weak injectors — rather than a vacuum leak (which would dominate at idle).",
        "de": "Die Trimmung auf Bank 1 erreicht nur bei höherer Motorlast den mageren Anschlag. Dieses Muster weist eher auf eine Kraftstoffversorgungsschwäche hin — schwächelnde Kraftstoffpumpe, verstopfter Filter, schwache Injektoren — als auf Falschluft (die im Leerlauf dominieren würde)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_filter",
        "fuel_injector",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pump weak under load",
            "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe schwach unter Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel filter clogged",
            "de": "Kraftstofffilter verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF reads low at high airflow",
            "de": "MAF liest bei hohem Luftdurchsatz zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0171"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2192",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Rich at Higher Load (Bank 1)",
        "de": "System zu fett bei höherer Last (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 1 fuel trim hits the rich limit only at higher load. Often excessive fuel pressure, a stuck-closed MAF reading low, or coolant temperature signal stuck cold causing over-fuelling.",
        "de": "Die Trimmung auf Bank 1 erreicht nur bei höherer Last den fetten Anschlag. Häufig zu hoher Kraftstoffdruck, ein zu niedrig anzeigender MAF oder ein bei \"kalt\" hängender Kühlmitteltemperatursensor, der dauerhaftes Anfetten erzwingt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure too high",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF reads low under load",
            "de": "MAF liest unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_sensor_stuck_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant temperature sensor stuck cold",
            "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatursensor hängt auf \"kalt\""
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P0172"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2193",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Lean at Higher Load (Bank 2)",
        "de": "System zu mager bei höherer Last (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 fuel trim hits the lean limit only at higher engine load. Pattern points to a fuel-supply restriction — failing fuel pump, blocked filter, or weak injectors — rather than a vacuum leak (which would dominate at idle).",
        "de": "Die Trimmung auf Bank 2 erreicht nur bei höherer Motorlast den mageren Anschlag. Dieses Muster weist eher auf eine Kraftstoffversorgungsschwäche hin — schwächelnde Kraftstoffpumpe, verstopfter Filter, schwache Injektoren — als auf Falschluft (die im Leerlauf dominieren würde)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_filter",
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pump weak under load",
            "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe schwach unter Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel filter clogged",
            "de": "Kraftstofffilter verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2191",
        "P0174"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2194",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Rich at Higher Load (Bank 2)",
        "de": "System zu fett bei höherer Last (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 fuel trim hits the rich limit only at higher load. Often excessive fuel pressure, a stuck-closed MAF reading low, or coolant temperature signal stuck cold causing over-fuelling.",
        "de": "Die Trimmung auf Bank 2 erreicht nur bei höherer Last den fetten Anschlag. Häufig zu hoher Kraftstoffdruck, ein zu niedrig anzeigender MAF oder ein bei \"kalt\" hängender Kühlmitteltemperatursensor, der dauerhaftes Anfetten erzwingt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure too high",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "maf_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAF reads low under load",
            "de": "MAF liest unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2192",
        "P0175"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2195",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 1, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Signal hängt mager (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 returns a constant lean signal during conditions where rich content is expected (for example after a deceleration fuel cut-off recovery). Usually a sensor that has lost its rich-side response or a slow heater warm-up.",
        "de": "Die vorgeschaltete Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet dauerhaft mager unter Bedingungen, in denen ein fettes Signal erwartet wird (z.B. nach Wiedereinsetzen nach Schubabschalten). Meist eine Sonde, die das fette Spektrum nicht mehr abbildet, oder ein zu langsam aufheizendes Heizelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "o2_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_upstream_failed_lean",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream sensor failed stuck lean",
            "de": "Vorsonde defekt, hängt mager"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_heater_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor heater slow to warm up",
            "de": "Sondenheizung heizt zu langsam auf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2196",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich (Bank 1, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Signal hängt fett (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 returns a constant rich signal under deceleration fuel cut-off where lean is expected. Often a contaminated sensor (silicone, oil, coolant) or short to ground that pulls the signal high in some sensor types.",
        "de": "Die vorgeschaltete Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet im Schubabschalten dauerhaft fett, obwohl mager erwartet wird. Häufig eine verunreinigte Sonde (Silikon, Öl, Kühlmittel) oder ein Kurzschluss nach Masse, der bei manchen Sondentypen das Signal hochzieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_upstream_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream sensor contaminated",
            "de": "Vorsonde verunreinigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_upstream_failed_rich",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream sensor failed stuck rich",
            "de": "Vorsonde defekt, hängt fett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2197",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 2, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Signal hängt mager (Bank 2, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upstream oxygen sensor on bank 2 returns a constant lean signal during conditions where rich content is expected (for example after a deceleration fuel cut-off recovery). Usually a sensor that has lost its rich-side response or a slow heater warm-up.",
        "de": "Die vorgeschaltete Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet dauerhaft mager unter Bedingungen, in denen ein fettes Signal erwartet wird (z.B. nach Wiedereinsetzen nach Schubabschalten). Meist eine Sonde, die das fette Spektrum nicht mehr abbildet, oder ein zu langsam aufheizendes Heizelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "o2_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_upstream_failed_lean",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream sensor failed stuck lean",
            "de": "Vorsonde defekt, hängt mager"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2195"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2198",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich (Bank 2, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Signal hängt fett (Bank 2, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upstream oxygen sensor on bank 2 returns a constant rich signal under deceleration fuel cut-off where lean is expected. Often a contaminated sensor (silicone, oil, coolant) or short to ground that pulls the signal high in some sensor types.",
        "de": "Die vorgeschaltete Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet im Schubabschalten dauerhaft fett, obwohl mager erwartet wird. Häufig eine verunreinigte Sonde (Silikon, Öl, Kühlmittel) oder ein Kurzschluss nach Masse, der bei manchen Sondentypen das Signal hochzieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_upstream_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream sensor contaminated",
            "de": "Vorsonde verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2196"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2199",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1/2 Correlation",
        "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1/2 Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The two intake air temperature sensors disagree by more than the calibrated correlation threshold during stable conditions. The ECU cannot determine which value is correct.",
        "de": "Die beiden Ansauglufttemperatursensoren weichen unter stabilen Bedingungen um mehr als die kalibrierte Korrelationsschwelle voneinander ab. Die ECU kann nicht entscheiden, welcher Wert korrekt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_temperature_sensor",
        "iat_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "iat_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One IAT sensor drifting",
            "de": "Drift eines Ansauglufttemperatursensors"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_issue",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring issue on one sensor",
            "de": "Verkabelungsproblem an einem Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_air_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P219A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Bank 1 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Bank 1 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel-trim values across cylinders on bank 1 differ enough that the bank-average air-fuel ratio is biased — a single cylinder is significantly leaner or richer than the rest. Detected by short-term-fuel-trim variance or by the wide-band O2 sensor harmonic monitor.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassungen über die Zylinder von Bank 1 weichen so stark voneinander ab, dass das Bank-Mittel verschoben ist — ein einzelner Zylinder läuft deutlich magerer oder fetter als der Rest. Erkennt der Variation der Kurzzeit-Anpassung oder das Harmonik-Monitoring der Breitband-Lambdasonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "intake_manifold"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imbalance_inj_clog",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Ein Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imbalance_vac_leak_one_runner",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak at one intake runner",
            "de": "Falschluft an einem Saugrohrkanal"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "imbalance_compression_low",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on one cylinder",
            "de": "Niedrige Kompression an einem Zylinder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P219B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Bank 2 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Bank 2 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel-trim values across cylinders on bank 2 differ enough that the bank-average air-fuel ratio is biased — a single cylinder is significantly leaner or richer than the rest. Detected by short-term-fuel-trim variance or by the wide-band O2 sensor harmonic monitor.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassungen über die Zylinder von Bank 2 weichen so stark voneinander ab, dass das Bank-Mittel verschoben ist — ein einzelner Zylinder läuft deutlich magerer oder fetter als der Rest. Erkennt der Variation der Kurzzeit-Anpassung oder das Harmonik-Monitoring der Breitband-Lambdasonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "imbalance_inj_clog",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Ein Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P219C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 1 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "intake_manifold"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P219D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 2 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P219E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 3 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P219F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 4 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 5 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 6 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 7 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 8 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 9 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 10 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 11 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis Unwucht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 fuel trim deviates significantly from the bank average — a single-cylinder injector or intake fault.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffanpassung von Zylinder 12 weicht signifikant vom Bank-Mittel ab — Einzelinjektor- oder Einlassfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl_imbalance_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or leaking",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P219C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on DEF level sensor B — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. Some tanks use multiple level senders to cover irregular tank shapes; this is the primary one.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AdBlue-Füllstandsensor B — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Manche Tanks nutzen mehrere Füllstandgeber für unregelmässige Tankformen; dieser ist der primäre."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sender failed",
            "de": "Geber defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor B reading is in electrical range but plausibility check fails — value sticks, jumps, or does not match consumption.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor B liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — bleibt hängen, springt oder passt nicht zum Verbrauch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_b_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float arm sticks",
            "de": "Schwimmerarm hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor B reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor B liegt unter der unteren Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor B reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor B liegt über der oberen Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_b_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently — typically a corroded sender contact or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Das Signal des AdBlue-Füllstandsensors A springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist korrodierter Geberkontakt oder Verkabelungsproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_b_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sender contact",
            "de": "Korrodierter Geberkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor C Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault is reported on DEF level sensor C — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. Some tanks use multiple level senders to cover irregular tank shapes; this is the primary one.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am AdBlue-Füllstandsensor C — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Manche Tanks nutzen mehrere Füllstandgeber für unregelmässige Tankformen; dieser ist der primäre."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_c_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sender failed",
            "de": "Geber defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor C reading is in electrical range but plausibility check fails — value sticks, jumps, or does not match consumption.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor C liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — bleibt hängen, springt oder passt nicht zum Verbrauch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_c_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float arm sticks",
            "de": "Schwimmerarm hängt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor C Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor C reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor C liegt unter der unteren Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_c_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor C Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor C reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor C liegt über der oberen Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_c_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor C Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor C signal jumps or drops out intermittently — typically a corroded sender contact or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Das Signal des AdBlue-Füllstandsensors A springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — meist korrodierter Geberkontakt oder Verkabelungsproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_c_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sender contact",
            "de": "Korrodierter Geberkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time To Enter Closed Loop NOx Adsorber Control",
        "de": "Zu lange Zeit bis NOx-Adsorber-Regelung im geschlossenen Kreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx adsorber control did not enter closed-loop operation within the calibrated time after engine start — typically a slow-warming NOx sensor or pre-heat heater fault.",
        "de": "Die NOx-Adsorber-Regelung ist nach Motorstart nicht im Kalibrierzeitfenster in den geschlossenen Regelkreis übergegangen — meist langsam warmwerdender NOx-Sensor oder Heizungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_adsorber_catalyst",
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_warmup_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "NOx sensor heater weak",
            "de": "NOx-Sensor-Heizung schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_adsorber"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop NOx Adsorber Control At Limit - Too High",
        "de": "NOx-Adsorber-Regelung am Limit - zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx adsorber closed-loop trim has reached the upper authority limit — the controller cannot correct further. Typically a degraded LNT or stuck-rich engine condition.",
        "de": "Die NOx-Adsorber-Regelung im geschlossenen Kreis hat die obere Korrekturgrenze erreicht — Regler kann nicht weiter korrigieren. Meist gealterter LNT oder fett festsitzendes Gemisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_adsorber_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lnt_degraded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "LNT thermally aged",
            "de": "LNT thermisch gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_adsorber"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Adsorber Over Temperature (Bank 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Adsorber Übertemperatur (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A temperature sensor at the NOx adsorber on bank 1 reports a value above the safe limit. Sustained over-temperature destroys the storage washcoat.",
        "de": "Ein Temperatursensor am NOx-Adsorber an Bank 1 meldet einen Wert über dem zulässigen Grenzwert. Anhaltende Übertemperatur zerstört den Speicher-Washcoat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_adsorber_catalyst",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lnt_overtemp_runaway",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Runaway desulphation regeneration",
            "de": "Unkontrollierte Desulfatierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_adsorber"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Adsorber Over Temperature (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Adsorber Übertemperatur (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A temperature sensor at the NOx adsorber on bank 2 reports a value above the safe limit. Sustained over-temperature destroys the storage washcoat.",
        "de": "Ein Temperatursensor am NOx-Adsorber an Bank 2 meldet einen Wert über dem zulässigen Grenzwert. Anhaltende Übertemperatur zerstört den Speicher-Washcoat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_adsorber_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lnt_overtemp_runaway",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Runaway desulphation regeneration",
            "de": "Unkontrollierte Desulfatierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_adsorber"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 1 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 1 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 1 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "crankshaft_position_sensor",
        "camshaft_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cold_start_correlation",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Crank/cam correlation off",
            "de": "Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 2 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 2 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 2 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 3 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 3 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 3 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 4 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 4 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 4 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 5 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 5 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 5 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 6 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 6 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 6 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 7 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 7 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 7 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 8 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 8 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 8 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 9 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 9 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 9 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 10 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 10 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 10 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 11 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 11 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 11 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 12 Injection Timing",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 12 Einspritzzeitpunkt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 cold-start injection timing is outside the calibrated window. Diesel cold-start uses adapted injection timing per cylinder to limit white smoke and noise; deviation typically points at a worn injector or faulty crank/cam correlation.",
        "de": "Der Kaltstart-Einspritzzeitpunkt von Zylinder 12 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierfensters. Diesel-Kaltstart nutzt zylinderindividuell angepasste Spritzzeiten zur Begrenzung von Weissrauch und Geräusch; Abweichung deutet meist auf verschlissenen Injektor oder fehlerhafte Kurbel-/Nockenwellen-Korrelation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_start_inj_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow-rate aged",
            "de": "Injektor-Durchflussrate gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Relay Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung Relais Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the relay that powers the DEF heaters is open — main DEF heating supply path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Relais, das die AdBlue-Heizungen versorgt, ist offen — Hauptversorgungspfad der AdBlue-Heizung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_relay_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay coil open",
            "de": "Relaisspule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Relay Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung Relais Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF heater relay control line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung des AdBlue-Heizungsrelais niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_relay_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21C2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Relay Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung Relais Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF heater relay control line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung des AdBlue-Heizungsrelais hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_relay_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21C2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor A Stuck",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor A blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor A reading does not change over a refill or consumption window — float arm jammed or sender wiper stuck. Distinct from a circuit fault because the electrical signal stays plausible.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor A meldet beim Tanken oder Verbrauch keine Wertänderung — Schwimmerarm verklemmt oder Schleifer blockiert. Unterscheidet sich vom Schaltkreisfehler dadurch, dass das elektrische Signal plausibel bleibt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_a_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float arm jammed by debris or crystallisation",
            "de": "Schwimmerarm durch Ablagerungen oder Kristallisation verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P203A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor B Stuck",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor B blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF level sensor B reading does not change over a refill or consumption window — float arm jammed or sender wiper stuck. Distinct from a circuit fault because the electrical signal stays plausible.",
        "de": "Der AdBlue-Füllstandsensor B meldet beim Tanken oder Verbrauch keine Wertänderung — Schwimmerarm verklemmt oder Schleifer blockiert. Unterscheidet sich vom Schaltkreisfehler dadurch, dass das elektrische Signal plausibel bleibt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_level_b_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float arm jammed",
            "de": "Schwimmerarm verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Power Relay Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Steuermodul Leistungsrelais Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the relay that supplies power to the SCR/reductant control module is open — module loses main supply on shutdown or never wakes up.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Relais, das das SCR-/AdBlue-Steuermodul mit Strom versorgt, ist offen — Modul verliert Hauptversorgung beim Abschalten oder wacht nicht auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_control_module",
        "power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_relay_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay coil open",
            "de": "Relaisspule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Power Relay Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Steuermodul Leistungsrelais Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "SCR control module power-relay control line stuck low.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung des SCR-Steuermodul-Leistungsrelais niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_control_module",
        "power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_relay_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Power Relay Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Steuermodul Leistungsrelais Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "SCR control module power-relay control line stuck high.",
        "de": "Steuerleitung des SCR-Steuermodul-Leistungsrelais hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_control_module",
        "power_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_relay_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21C7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Internal monitoring of the SCR control module reports a fault on its main supply voltage rail — separate from the relay-control diagnostics, this is the module's own self-diagnosis of its supply pin.",
        "de": "Die interne Überwachung des SCR-Steuermoduls meldet einen Fehler an der Hauptversorgungsspannung — getrennt von der Relais-Steuerdiagnose, dies ist die modulinterne Selbstdiagnose des Versorgungspins."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_supply_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply pin fault",
            "de": "Modulversorgung intern fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Supply Voltage Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "SCR control module supply voltage measured at the module pin is below the lower threshold.",
        "de": "Die am SCR-Steuermodul-Pin gemessene Versorgungsspannung liegt unter der unteren Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage drop in supply harness",
            "de": "Spannungsabfall im Versorgungs-Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Control Module Supply Voltage High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "SCR control module supply voltage above the upper threshold — overvoltage.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung des SCR-Steuermoduls über der oberen Schwelle — Überspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_supply_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Quality Module Supply Voltage Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Qualitätsmodul Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage at the dedicated DEF quality sensor module is below the lower threshold.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung am dedizierten AdBlue-Qualitätssensor-Modul liegt unter der unteren Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_quality_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "quality_supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage drop in supply harness",
            "de": "Spannungsabfall im Versorgungs-Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Quality Module Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Qualitätsmodul Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF quality module reports an internal performance fault — self-test failed or measurement loop unable to converge. The module may need replacement.",
        "de": "Das AdBlue-Qualitätsmodul meldet einen internen Leistungsfehler — Selbsttest fehlgeschlagen oder Messschleife läuft nicht ein. Modul muss ggf. ersetzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_quality_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "quality_module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 1 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 1 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl1_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 2 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 2 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 3 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 3 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 4 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 4 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 5 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 5 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 6 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 6 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 7 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 7 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 8 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 8 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 9 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 9 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl9_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 10 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 10 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl10_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 11 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 11 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl11_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Injector B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Injektor B Schaltkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit of cylinder 12 second injector (B) is open. Modern direct-injection systems sometimes use a port-injection backup; injector B refers to that secondary set.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 12 ist offen. Moderne Direkteinspritzsysteme haben gelegentlich eine Saugrohr-Einblas-Backup-Stufe; Injektor B bezieht sich auf diese Zweitstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl12_inj_b_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 1 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl1_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 1 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl1_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater A Current Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung A Stromaufnahme zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF heater A current draw is below threshold — partially-open winding.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme des AdBlue-Heizers A unter Schwellwert — teilweise unterbrochene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_a_partial_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element partially open",
            "de": "Element teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P214F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 2 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 2 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl2_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 3 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 3 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl3_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 4 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 4 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl4_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 5 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 5 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl5_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 6 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 6 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl6_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 7 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 7 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl7_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 8 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 8 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl8_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 9 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl9_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 9 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl9_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 10 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl10_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 10 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl10_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 11 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl11_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 11 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl11_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Injector B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Injektor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 second-injector (B) drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 12 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl12_inj_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21DA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Injector B Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Injektor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 second-injector (B) drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Zweitinjektors (B) an Zylinder 12 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cyl12_inj_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21DA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Lean Off Idle (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu mager ausserhalb Leerlauf (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary fuel control loop B on bank 1 reports a lean condition outside idle. On dual-injection systems (port + direct) the secondary loop trims port injection independently from the main loop.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kraftstoffregelkreis B an Bank 1 meldet ausserhalb des Leerlaufs ein mageres Gemisch. Bei Doppel-Einspritzung (Saugrohr + Direkt) regelt der zweite Kreis die Saugrohreinspritzung unabhängig vom Hauptkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_lean_vac_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak",
            "de": "Falschluft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_lean_inj_clog",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Port injectors clogged",
            "de": "Saugrohrinjektoren verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_lean_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure low",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Rich Off Idle (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu fett ausserhalb Leerlauf (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary fuel control loop B on bank 1 reports a rich condition outside idle.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kraftstoffregelkreis B an Bank 1 meldet ausserhalb des Leerlaufs ein fettes Gemisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_rich_inj_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Port injectors leaking",
            "de": "Saugrohrinjektoren undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_rich_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure high",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21F4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Lean Off Idle (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu mager ausserhalb Leerlauf (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary fuel control loop B on bank 2 reports a lean condition outside idle. On dual-injection systems (port + direct) the secondary loop trims port injection independently from the main loop.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kraftstoffregelkreis B an Bank 2 meldet ausserhalb des Leerlaufs ein mageres Gemisch. Bei Doppel-Einspritzung (Saugrohr + Direkt) regelt der zweite Kreis die Saugrohreinspritzung unabhängig vom Hauptkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_lean_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak or injector clog",
            "de": "Falschluft oder Injektor verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21F4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Rich Off Idle (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu fett ausserhalb Leerlauf (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary fuel control loop B on bank 2 reports a rich condition outside idle.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kraftstoffregelkreis B an Bank 2 meldet ausserhalb des Leerlaufs ein fettes Gemisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_rich_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors leaking",
            "de": "Injektoren undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21F5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Lean at Idle (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu mager im Leerlauf (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Secondary fuel control loop B reports a lean condition at idle on bank 1. Idle is sensitive to vacuum leaks since manifold flow is low.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kraftstoffregelkreis B meldet im Leerlauf an Bank 1 ein mageres Gemisch. Leerlauf ist anfällig für Falschluft, da der Saugrohrdurchsatz niedrig ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "intake_manifold",
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_idle_lean_vac",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak — most visible at idle",
            "de": "Falschluft — bei niedrigem Saugrohrdurchsatz besonders sichtbar"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21F4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Rich at Idle (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu fett im Leerlauf (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary fuel control loop B on bank 1 reports a rich condition outside idle.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kraftstoffregelkreis B an Bank 1 meldet ausserhalb des Leerlaufs ein fettes Gemisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_idle_rich_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors leak at low duty cycle",
            "de": "Injektoren tropfen bei niedrigem Tastverhältnis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21F5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Lean at Idle (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu mager im Leerlauf (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Secondary fuel control loop B reports a lean condition at idle on bank 2. Idle is sensitive to vacuum leaks since manifold flow is low.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kraftstoffregelkreis B meldet im Leerlauf an Bank 2 ein mageres Gemisch. Leerlauf ist anfällig für Falschluft, da der Saugrohrdurchsatz niedrig ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_idle_lean_b2_vac",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak on bank 2 intake",
            "de": "Falschluft am Saugrohr von Bank 2"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21F8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Rich at Idle (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu fett im Leerlauf (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary fuel control loop B reports a rich condition at idle on bank 2. Idle rich often means injectors that leak at low duty cycle.",
        "de": "Wie P21F5, spezifisch im Leerlauf an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_idle_rich_b2_inj",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors leak on bank 2",
            "de": "Injektoren undicht an Bank 2"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21F9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Lean at Higher Load (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu mager bei höherer Last (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Secondary fuel control loop B on bank 1 reports a lean condition at higher load. Lean at high load typically points at fuel pressure shortfall, restricted injectors, or charge-air leak.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kraftstoffregelkreis B an Bank 1 meldet bei höherer Last ein mageres Gemisch. Mager bei Last weist meist auf zu wenig Kraftstoffdruck, eingeschränkte Injektoren oder Ladeluft-Leck hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_injector",
        "charge_air_pipe"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_load_lean_pressure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure drops under load",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck bricht unter Last ein"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_load_lean_charge_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge-air leak after turbo",
            "de": "Ladeluft-Leck nach Turbolader"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21F4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Rich at Higher Load (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu fett bei höherer Last (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary fuel control loop B on bank 1 reports a rich condition outside idle.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kraftstoffregelkreis B an Bank 1 meldet ausserhalb des Leerlaufs ein fettes Gemisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_load_rich_pressure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure regulator stuck high",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler hängt zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21F5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Lean at Higher Load (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu mager bei höherer Last (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Secondary fuel control loop B on bank 2 reports a lean condition at higher load. Lean at high load typically points at fuel pressure shortfall, restricted injectors, or charge-air leak.",
        "de": "Der zweite Kraftstoffregelkreis B an Bank 2 meldet bei höherer Last ein mageres Gemisch. Mager bei Last weist meist auf zu wenig Kraftstoffdruck, eingeschränkte Injektoren oder Ladeluft-Leck hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "charge_air_pipe"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_load_lean_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel or charge-air problem on bank 2",
            "de": "Kraftstoff- oder Ladeluftproblem an Bank 2"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21FC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P21FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Rich at Higher Load (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Kraftstoffregelsystem B zu fett bei höherer Last (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary fuel control loop B reports a rich condition at higher load on bank 2. Rich at high load typically points to a stuck-closed return on the fuel pressure regulator or over-delivering injectors.",
        "de": "Wie P21F5, spezifisch bei höherer Last an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_b_load_rich_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors over-deliver on bank 2",
            "de": "Injektoren liefern zu viel an Bank 2"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21FD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2200",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit (Bank 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor on bank 1 — typically upstream of the SCR catalyst — does not communicate or sends an invalid signal. NOx sensors are smart sensors with their own controller on the CAN bus; faults often involve heater failure or bus dropout.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 — meist vor dem SCR-Katalysator — kommuniziert nicht oder sendet ein ungültiges Signal. NOx-Sensoren sind intelligente Sensoren mit eigener Steuerung am CAN-Bus; Fehler betreffen häufig den Heizer oder Bus-Ausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor",
        "nox_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "NOx sensor failed",
            "de": "NOx-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring or CAN harness open",
            "de": "Sensor- oder CAN-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2201",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Range/Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Bereich/Plausibilität (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 1 NOx sensor reports values outside the plausibility window against modeled NOx and the downstream sensor. Often slow response from contamination by oil ash or coolant.",
        "de": "Der Bank-1-NOx-Sensor liefert Werte ausserhalb des Plausibilitätsfensters gegenüber dem NOx-Modell und der Nachsonde. Häufig durch Verschmutzung mit Ölasche oder Kühlmittel träge."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "NOx sensor aged — slow response",
            "de": "NOx-Sensor gealtert — träge Reaktion"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element contaminated",
            "de": "Sensorelement verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2200"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2202",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Low (Bank 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Signal zu niedrig (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor signal on bank 1 is below the lower limit. Either short to ground on the analog return, sensor failed at low end, or pump cell stuck.",
        "de": "Das NOx-Sensorsignal auf Bank 1 liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert. Kurzschluss nach Masse, Sensor am unteren Anschlag oder festsitzende Pumpzelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor",
        "nox_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_failed_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed low",
            "de": "Sensor mit Niedrig-Defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2200"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2203",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit High (Bank 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Signal zu hoch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor signal on bank 1 is above the upper limit — short to supply, open ground, or a sensor that failed high. SCR control runs in default mode.",
        "de": "Das NOx-Sensorsignal auf Bank 1 liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss nach Plus, offene Masse oder defekter Sensor mit Hoch-Fehler. Die SCR-Regelung läuft auf Default."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor",
        "nox_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_failed_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed high",
            "de": "Sensor mit Hoch-Defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2200"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2204",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis sporadisch (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 1 NOx sensor signal drops out intermittently. Typical cause is a marginal connector, harness chafing near hot exhaust components, or thermal-cycling solder joints inside the smart sensor.",
        "de": "Das NOx-Sensorsignal auf Bank 1 fällt sporadisch aus. Typisch sind grenzwertige Steckverbinder, durchgescheuerte Leitungen nahe heisser Abgasteile oder thermisch wandernde Lötstellen im intelligenten Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor",
        "nox_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_connector_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector intermittent contact",
            "de": "Stecker mit Wackelkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_harness_chafed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed near exhaust",
            "de": "Leitung nahe Abgasanlage gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2200"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2205",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit (Bank 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizung Stromkreis (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater inside the bank 1 NOx sensor cannot be controlled — open, short, or failed driver. Without proper heater operation the sensor never reaches its operating temperature and reports invalid data.",
        "de": "Die Heizung im Bank-1-NOx-Sensor lässt sich nicht ansteuern — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder Endstufendefekt. Ohne ordentlichen Heizbetrieb erreicht der Sensor seine Betriebstemperatur nicht und liefert ungültige Werte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor",
        "nox_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element open",
            "de": "Heizelement unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater short to supply or ground",
            "de": "Heizung gegen Plus oder Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2200"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2206",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the bank 2 NOx sensor circuit. NOx sensors are smart sensors with a CAN/LIN interface; this code typically indicates that the sensor module no longer responds.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des NOx-Sensors auf Bank 2. NOx-Sensoren sind intelligente Sensoren mit CAN-/LIN-Schnittstelle; dieser Code wird gesetzt, wenn das Sensormodul nicht mehr antwortet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b2",
        "nox_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "NOx sensor module failed",
            "de": "NOx-Sensormodul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or connector loose",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen oder Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2207",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis Bereich/Plausibilität (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 2 NOx sensor returns values outside the expected range for the operating point — for example a non-zero reading at engine off or unchanged values during load changes.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor auf Bank 2 liefert Werte ausserhalb des erwarteten Bereichs für den Betriebspunkt — etwa Werte ungleich null bei Motor aus oder unveränderte Werte trotz Lastwechsel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift due to ageing",
            "de": "Sensordrift durch Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor contaminated with soot or condensate",
            "de": "Sensor mit Ruß oder Kondensat verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2206"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2208",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Circuit (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensorheizung Stromkreis (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the heater of the bank 2 NOx sensor. NOx sensors must reach roughly 800 C to measure correctly; without heater current the sensor never enters its operating range.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Heizung des NOx-Sensors auf Bank 2. NOx-Sensoren müssen rund 800 C erreichen, um korrekt zu messen; ohne Heizstrom kommt der Sensor nicht in seinen Arbeitsbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b2",
        "nox_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_element_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element failed",
            "de": "Heizelement defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wiring open or connector loose",
            "de": "Heizungsleitung unterbrochen oder Stecker locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2206",
        "P2211"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2209",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensorheizung Diagnose-Stromkreis Bereich/Plausibilität (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater feedback (sense) line on the bank 2 NOx sensor reports values outside the expected window — heating is happening but the temperature does not match the model.",
        "de": "Die Heizungsrückmeldung (Sense-Leitung) am NOx-Sensor Bank 2 liefert Werte ausserhalb des Erwartungsfensters — die Heizung arbeitet, aber die Temperatur passt nicht zum Modell."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b2",
        "nox_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_element_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element ageing, resistance drift",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert, Widerstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor module failed",
            "de": "Sensormodul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2208"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P220A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Versorgungsspannungs-Schaltkreis (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage rail to the NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 is faulty — typically a fuse, harness break, or short. NOx sensors need a clean stable supply for the heater and the wide-band measurement cell.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des NOx-Sensors an Bank 1 Sensor 1 ist gestört — meist Sicherung, Kabelbruch oder Kurzschluss. NOx-Sensoren brauchen eine saubere stabile Versorgung für Heizung und Breitband-Messzelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor",
        "nox_sensor_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse, harness break, or short",
            "de": "Sicherung, Kabelbruch oder Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P220B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Versorgungsspannungs-Schaltkreis (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage rail to the NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 2 is faulty — typically a fuse, harness break, or short. NOx sensors need a clean stable supply for the heater and the wide-band measurement cell.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des NOx-Sensors an Bank 1 Sensor 2 ist gestört — meist Sicherung, Kabelbruch oder Kurzschluss. NOx-Sensoren brauchen eine saubere stabile Versorgung für Heizung und Breitband-Messzelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_supply_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply rail fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung gestört"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P220A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P220C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Versorgungsspannungs-Schaltkreis (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage rail to the NOx sensor on bank 2 sensor 1 is faulty — typically a fuse, harness break, or short. NOx sensors need a clean stable supply for the heater and the wide-band measurement cell.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des NOx-Sensors an Bank 2 Sensor 1 ist gestört — meist Sicherung, Kabelbruch oder Kurzschluss. NOx-Sensoren brauchen eine saubere stabile Versorgung für Heizung und Breitband-Messzelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_supply_b2s1",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply rail fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung gestört"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P220A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P220D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Versorgungsspannungs-Schaltkreis (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage rail to the NOx sensor on bank 2 sensor 2 is faulty — typically a fuse, harness break, or short. NOx sensors need a clean stable supply for the heater and the wide-band measurement cell.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des NOx-Sensors an Bank 2 Sensor 2 ist gestört — meist Sicherung, Kabelbruch oder Kurzschluss. NOx-Sensoren brauchen eine saubere stabile Versorgung für Heizung und Breitband-Messzelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_supply_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply rail fault",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung gestört"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P220A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P220E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control loop for the NOx sensor at bank 1 sensor 1 reports off-spec behaviour — heater current draw or response time outside the calibrated range. NOx sensors only operate above ~600 °C, so heater control is critical.",
        "de": "Die Heizungsregelung des NOx-Sensors an Bank 1 Sensor 1 verhält sich ausserhalb der Spezifikation — Heizstrom oder Reaktionszeit weichen ab. NOx-Sensoren arbeiten erst über ca. 600 °C, daher ist die Heizungsregelung kritisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element ageing",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P220F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control loop for the NOx sensor at bank 1 sensor 2 reports off-spec behaviour — heater current draw or response time outside the calibrated range. NOx sensors only operate above ~600 °C, so heater control is critical.",
        "de": "Die Heizungsregelung des NOx-Sensors an Bank 1 Sensor 2 verhält sich ausserhalb der Spezifikation — Heizstrom oder Reaktionszeit weichen ab. NOx-Sensoren arbeiten erst über ca. 600 °C, daher ist die Heizungsregelung kritisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_drift_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element ageing",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P220E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2210",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis sporadisch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bank 2 NOx sensor reports correctly some of the time but intermittently drops out. Often a marginal connector, a wiring chafe or a sensor that fails when warm.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor auf Bank 2 meldet zeitweise korrekt, fällt aber sporadisch aus. Häufig ein grenzwertiger Stecker, eine gescheuerte Leitung oder ein Sensor, der erst im warmen Zustand ausfällt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b2",
        "nox_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector intermittent",
            "de": "Stecker mit Wackelkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_thermal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor fails when hot",
            "de": "Sensor fällt bei Hitze aus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2206"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2211",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensorheizung Diagnose-Stromkreis sporadisch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater sense line on the bank 2 NOx sensor produces intermittent readings. Often a thermal fault inside the sensor or a connector under temperature cycling.",
        "de": "Die Heizungs-Sense-Leitung am NOx-Sensor Bank 2 liefert sporadische Messwerte. Häufig ein thermischer Fehler im Sensor oder ein Stecker unter Temperaturwechsel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b2",
        "nox_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector intermittent under temperature",
            "de": "Stecker mit Wackelkontakt unter Temperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_thermal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor heater intermittent when hot",
            "de": "Sensorheizung sporadisch im Heisszustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2208"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2212",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The feedback line that monitors the NOx sensor heater current draw on bank 1 sensor 1 jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or harness issue.",
        "de": "Die Rückmeldeleitung zur Stromüberwachung der NOx-Sensorheizung an Bank 1 Sensor 1 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_sense_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2213",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Schaltkreis (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the NOx sensor on bank 2 — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. Used by SCR control and OBD NOx monitoring.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am NOx-Sensor an Bank 2 — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Wird von der SCR-Regelung und der OBD-NOx-Überwachung genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_b2_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element failed",
            "de": "Sensorelement defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2214",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor on bank 2 reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response, drift, or value does not match the model expectation.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor an Bank 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion, Drift oder Wert passt nicht zur Modellerwartung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_b2_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2213"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2215",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor on bank 2 reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor an Bank 2 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_b2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2213"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2216",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor on bank 2 reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor an Bank 2 über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_b2_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2213"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2217",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor on bank 2 signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor an Bank 2 - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_b2_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2213"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2218",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit/Open (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the NOx sensor heater on bank 2 is open. The sensor cannot reach operating temperature.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis der NOx-Sensorheizung an Bank 2 ist offen. Der Sensor erreicht die Betriebstemperatur nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_open_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater winding open",
            "de": "Heizwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2219",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx heater drive line on bank 2 stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung der NOx-Heizung an Bank 2 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_b2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2218"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P221A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor 1/2 Correlation (Bank 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor 1/2 Korrelation (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensors 1 and 2 on bank 1 disagree by more than the allowed tolerance over a drive cycle. One sensor drifts, or there is a real NOx gradient that exceeds the calibrated map.",
        "de": "Die NOx-Sensoren 1 und 2 an Bank 1 weichen über einen Fahrzyklus mehr als zulässig voneinander ab. Ein Sensor driftet, oder es liegt ein realer NOx-Gradient vor, der die Kalibrierung überschreitet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_corr_b1_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifts",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P221B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor 1/2 Correlation (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor 1/2 Korrelation (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensors 1 and 2 on bank 2 disagree by more than the allowed tolerance over a drive cycle. One sensor drifts, or there is a real NOx gradient that exceeds the calibrated map.",
        "de": "Die NOx-Sensoren 1 und 2 an Bank 2 weichen über einen Fahrzyklus mehr als zulässig voneinander ab. Ein Sensor driftet, oder es liegt ein realer NOx-Gradient vor, der die Kalibrierung überschreitet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_corr_b2_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifts",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P221A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P221C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater B Current Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung B Stromaufnahme zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF heater B current draw is below threshold — partially-open winding.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme des AdBlue-Heizers B unter Schwellwert — teilweise unterbrochene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_b_partial_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element partially open",
            "de": "Element teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P21DD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P221D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater B Current Too High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung B Stromaufnahme zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF heater B current draw exceeds threshold — element partially shorted.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme des AdBlue-Heizers B übersteigt Schwellwert — Element teilweise kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_b_partial_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element partially shorted",
            "de": "Element teilweise kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P214F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P221E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater C Current Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung C Stromaufnahme zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF heater B current draw is below threshold — partially-open winding.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme des AdBlue-Heizers B unter Schwellwert — teilweise unterbrochene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_c_partial_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element partially open",
            "de": "Element teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P221C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P221F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater C Current Too High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung C Stromaufnahme zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DEF heater B current draw exceeds threshold — element partially shorted.",
        "de": "Stromaufnahme des AdBlue-Heizers B übersteigt Schwellwert — Element teilweise kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_c_partial_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element partially shorted",
            "de": "Element teilweise kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P221D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2220",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx heater drive line on bank 2 stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung der NOx-Heizung an Bank 2 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_b2_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2218"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2221",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The feedback line that monitors NOx sensor heater current draw on bank 2 is faulty — open, shorted, or out of plausibility.",
        "de": "Die Rückmeldeleitung zur Stromüberwachung der NOx-Sensorheizung an Bank 2 ist gestört — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sense_b2_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Erkennungskreis defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2222",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor heater sense feedback on bank 2 reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "NOx-Heizungs-Erkennungs-Rückmeldung an Bank 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sense_b2_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit drift",
            "de": "Erkennungskreis driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2221"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2223",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Low (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx heater sense line on bank 2 below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "NOx-Heizungs-Erkennungs-Leitung an Bank 2 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sense_b2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2221"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2224",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit High (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx heater sense line on bank 2 above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "NOx-Heizungs-Erkennungs-Leitung an Bank 2 über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sense_b2_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2221"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2225",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The feedback line that monitors the NOx sensor heater current draw on bank 2 sensor 1 jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or harness issue.",
        "de": "Die Rückmeldeleitung zur Stromüberwachung der NOx-Sensorheizung an Bank 2 Sensor 1 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sense_b2_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2212"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2226",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Circuit",
        "de": "Umgebungsdruck-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a general fault in the barometric pressure sensor circuit. The atmospheric pressure value used for altitude compensation and fuel/air calculation is not available or implausible.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Umgebungsdrucksensors. Der Atmosphaerendruckwert fuer Hoehenkompensation und Gemischberechnung ist nicht verfuegbar oder unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "bps_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bps_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Defective barometric pressure sensor",
            "de": "Defekter Umgebungsdrucksensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_issue",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault to BPS",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler zum BPS"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2227",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Umgebungsdrucksensor Stromkreis Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The barometric pressure sensor delivers an electrically valid signal that does not match the operating point — for example pressure jumps that do not match altitude changes, or values stuck near full scale.",
        "de": "Der Umgebungsdrucksensor liefert ein elektrisch gültiges Signal, das nicht zum Betriebspunkt passt — etwa Drucksprünge ohne Höhenänderung oder am Vollausschlag hängende Werte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded",
            "de": "Stecker korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2228",
        "P2229"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2228",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Umgebungsdrucksensor Stromkreis Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The barometric (ambient) pressure sensor reports a voltage below the valid window. The ECU uses this signal to compensate fuel and boost calculations for altitude — a stuck-low value tricks the ECU into thinking the car is at high altitude.",
        "de": "Der Umgebungsdrucksensor meldet eine Spannung unter dem gültigen Bereich. Die Motorsteuerung nutzt dieses Signal zur Höhenkompensation von Kraftstoff- und Ladedruckberechnungen — ein hängender niedriger Wert lässt das Steuergerät große Höhe annehmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "bps_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bps_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Barometric pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Umgebungsdrucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2229",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Umgebungsdrucksensor Stromkreis Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The barometric pressure sensor reports a voltage above the valid window. Usually a short to supply or an open ground.",
        "de": "Der Umgebungsdrucksensor meldet eine Spannung über dem gültigen Bereich. Meist ein Kurzschluss nach Plus oder eine unterbrochene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "bps_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2228"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P222A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor B Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on barometric pressure sensor B — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. The sensor measures atmospheric pressure for altitude compensation; sensor B is a redundant or secondary unit.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Luftdrucksensor B — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Der Sensor misst den Atmosphärendruck zur Höhenkorrektur; Sensor B ist redundant oder Zweitsensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P222B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor B Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric sensor B reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor B liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_b_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P222A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P222C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric sensor B below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor B unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P222A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P222D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric sensor B above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor B über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_b_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P222A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P222E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor B Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor B - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_b_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P222A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P222F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric pressure sensors A and B disagree by more than the allowed tolerance. Used for redundancy on hybrid and emission-critical systems.",
        "de": "Die Luftdrucksensoren A und B weichen über die zulässige Toleranz hinaus voneinander ab. Genutzt für Redundanz bei Hybrid- und emissionskritischen Systemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_corr_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifts",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2230",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Circuit Low",
        "de": "Umgebungsdruck-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage from the barometric pressure sensor is below the calibrated minimum. The signal is too low for any plausible atmospheric pressure, suggesting a short to ground or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des Umgebungsdrucksensors liegt unter dem kalibrierten Mindestwert. Das Signal ist fuer einen plausiblen Atmosphaerendruck zu niedrig, was auf einen Masseschluss oder Sensordefekt hindeutet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "bps_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bps_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor fault",
            "de": "Interner Sensorfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2231",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Circuit High",
        "de": "Umgebungsdruck-Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The barometric pressure sensor reports a voltage above the upper limit. The signal cannot represent any realistic atmospheric pressure, indicating an open circuit or short to supply voltage.",
        "de": "Der Umgebungsdrucksensor liefert eine Spannung oberhalb des Grenzwerts. Das Signal kann keinem realistischen Atmosphaerendruck entsprechen, was auf eine Unterbrechung oder einen Kurzschluss zur Versorgungsspannung hinweist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor",
        "bps_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply voltage",
            "de": "Signal gegen Versorgungsspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in signal or ground wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Signal- oder Masseleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2232",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Circuit Shorted to Heater Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Signalkreis kurzgeschlossen mit Heizkreis (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The O2 sensor signal wire on bank 1 sensor 2 has shorted to the heater wire. This pulls the signal away from a measurement of exhaust composition and produces erratic fuel-trim behaviour.",
        "de": "Die Signalleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 ist auf die Heizleitung kurzgeschlossen. Das Signal repräsentiert nicht mehr die Abgaszusammensetzung und führt zu erratischer Gemischadaption."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sig_short_to_heater",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between signal and heater wires",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Signal- und Heizleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2233",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Circuit Shorted to Heater Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Signalkreis kurzgeschlossen mit Heizkreis (Bank 1 Sensor 3)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The O2 sensor signal wire on bank 1 sensor 3 has shorted to the heater wire. This pulls the signal away from a measurement of exhaust composition and produces erratic fuel-trim behaviour.",
        "de": "Die Signalleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 3 ist auf die Heizleitung kurzgeschlossen. Das Signal repräsentiert nicht mehr die Abgaszusammensetzung und führt zu erratischer Gemischadaption."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sig_short_b1s3",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between signal and heater wires",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Signal- und Heizleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2232"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2234",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Circuit Shorted to Heater Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Signalkreis kurzgeschlossen mit Heizkreis (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The O2 sensor signal wire on bank 2 sensor 1 has shorted to the heater wire. This pulls the signal away from a measurement of exhaust composition and produces erratic fuel-trim behaviour.",
        "de": "Die Signalleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 1 ist auf die Heizleitung kurzgeschlossen. Das Signal repräsentiert nicht mehr die Abgaszusammensetzung und führt zu erratischer Gemischadaption."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sig_short_b2s1",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between signal and heater wires",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Signal- und Heizleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2232"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2235",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Circuit Shorted to Heater Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Signalkreis kurzgeschlossen mit Heizkreis (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The O2 sensor signal wire on bank 2 sensor 2 has shorted to the heater wire. This pulls the signal away from a measurement of exhaust composition and produces erratic fuel-trim behaviour.",
        "de": "Die Signalleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 ist auf die Heizleitung kurzgeschlossen. Das Signal repräsentiert nicht mehr die Abgaszusammensetzung und führt zu erratischer Gemischadaption."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sig_short_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between signal and heater wires",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Signal- und Heizleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2232"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2236",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Circuit Shorted to Heater Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Signalkreis kurzgeschlossen mit Heizkreis (Bank 2 Sensor 3)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The O2 sensor signal wire on bank 2 sensor 3 has shorted to the heater wire. This pulls the signal away from a measurement of exhaust composition and produces erratic fuel-trim behaviour.",
        "de": "Die Signalleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 3 ist auf die Heizleitung kurzgeschlossen. Das Signal repräsentiert nicht mehr die Abgaszusammensetzung und führt zu erratischer Gemischadaption."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sig_short_b2s3",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between signal and heater wires",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Signal- und Heizleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2232"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2237",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpzellenstrom-Stromkreis (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current line of the wide-band lambda sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 is unable to operate. Wide-band sensors regulate exhaust oxygen to a reference cell via this pumping current — without it, AFR cannot be measured.",
        "de": "Die Pumpzellen-Stromleitung der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 1 funktioniert nicht. Breitbandsonden regeln den Abgassauerstoff über diesen Pumpstrom auf eine Referenzzelle — ohne ihn kann das Luftverhältnis nicht gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_wideband",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_pump_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pumping current line open",
            "de": "Pumpzellenleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wide-band sensor failed",
            "de": "Breitbandsonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2238",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpzellenstrom Signal zu niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pumping current at the bank 1 sensor 1 wide-band lambda probe is below the lower limit — short to ground or sensor at end of life.",
        "de": "Der Pumpzellenstrom an der Breitband-Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 1 liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Sondenlebensende."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_wideband",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wide-band sensor aged",
            "de": "Breitbandsonde gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2237"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2239",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpzellenstrom Signal zu hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pumping current at the bank 1 sensor 1 wide-band lambda probe is above the upper limit — short to supply or open return path.",
        "de": "Der Pumpzellenstrom an der Breitband-Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sensor 1 liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Rückleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_wideband",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Pumpleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_return_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return path to ECU open",
            "de": "Rückleitung zum Steuergerät unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2237"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P223A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater E Control Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung E Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the DEF heater E control circuit. On heavy-duty trucks the DEF system can have multiple heaters along the supply path; E is the fifth.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuerkreis der AdBlue-Heizung E. Bei Nutzfahrzeugen kann das AdBlue-System mehrere Heizungen entlang der Versorgungsleitung haben; E ist die fünfte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_e_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater winding or wiring fault",
            "de": "Heizwicklung oder Verkabelung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P223B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater F Control Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittelheizung F Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the DEF heater E control circuit. On heavy-duty trucks the DEF system can have multiple heaters along the supply path; E is the fifth.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuerkreis der AdBlue-Heizung E. Bei Nutzfahrzeugen kann das AdBlue-System mehrere Heizungen entlang der Versorgungsleitung haben; E ist die fünfte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_line_heater_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_heater_f_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater winding or wiring fault",
            "de": "Heizwicklung oder Verkabelung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P223A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P223C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Range/Performance (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current of the wide-band O2 sensor on bank 1 is in electrical range but plausibility check fails. Wide-band sensors use a pumping cell that adjusts oxygen concentration in a reference chamber; the current required is proportional to lambda.",
        "de": "Der Pumpstrom der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 1 liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität. Breitbandsonden nutzen eine Pumpzelle zur Sauerstoffregelung in einer Referenzkammer; der erforderliche Strom ist proportional zu Lambda."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_pump_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pumping cell aged",
            "de": "Pumpzelle gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P223D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Range/Performance (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom Bereich/Leistung (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current of the wide-band O2 sensor on bank 2 is in electrical range but plausibility check fails. Wide-band sensors use a pumping cell that adjusts oxygen concentration in a reference chamber; the current required is proportional to lambda.",
        "de": "Der Pumpstrom der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 2 liegt im elektrischen Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität. Breitbandsonden nutzen eine Pumpzelle zur Sauerstoffregelung in einer Referenzkammer; der erforderliche Strom ist proportional zu Lambda."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_pump_drift_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pumping cell aged",
            "de": "Pumpzelle gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P223C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P223E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Resistance Out Of Range (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzwiderstand ausserhalb Bereich (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference resistance of the wide-band O2 sensor on bank 1 is outside the calibrated range — used by the controller to set the operating point of the pumping cell. Drift here indicates sensor element ageing or contamination.",
        "de": "Der Referenzwiderstand der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 1 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierbereichs — der Wert dient zur Einstellung des Arbeitspunkts der Pumpzelle. Drift weist auf Alterung oder Verunreinigung der Sondenkeramik hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_ref_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Sondenelement gealtert oder verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P223F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Resistance Out Of Range (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzwiderstand ausserhalb Bereich (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference resistance of the wide-band O2 sensor on bank 2 is outside the calibrated range — used by the controller to set the operating point of the pumping cell. Drift here indicates sensor element ageing or contamination.",
        "de": "Der Referenzwiderstand der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 2 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierbereichs — der Wert dient zur Einstellung des Arbeitspunkts der Pumpzelle. Drift weist auf Alterung oder Verunreinigung der Sondenkeramik hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_ref_drift_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Sondenelement gealtert oder verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P223E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2240",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpzellenstrom-Stromkreis (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 counterpart of P2237. The wide-band lambda sensor on bank 2 sensor 1 cannot operate its pumping current circuit.",
        "de": "Bank-2-Pendant zu P2237. Die Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 1 kann ihren Pumpzellen-Stromkreis nicht betreiben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_wideband",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_pump_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pumping current line open on bank 2",
            "de": "Pumpzellenleitung an Bank 2 unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bank 2 wide-band sensor failed",
            "de": "Bank-2-Breitbandsonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2237"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2241",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom Stromkreis Signal zu niedrig (Bank 2 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping-current line of the wide-band oxygen sensor on bank 2, sensor 1 is below the lower threshold. Wide-band sensors use a small pumping current to keep their measuring cell at lambda 1; a low value usually means an open or shorted pump cell.",
        "de": "Die Pumpstromleitung der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 2, Sonde 1 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert. Breitbandsonden halten ihre Messzelle über einen kleinen Pumpstrom auf Lambda 1; ein niedriger Wert deutet meist auf eine unterbrochene oder kurzgeschlossene Pumpzelle hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream_b2",
        "o2_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_pump_cell_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump cell open or sensor failed",
            "de": "Pumpzelle unterbrochen oder Sonde defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wiring_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pumping current line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpstromleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2237",
        "P2240"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2242",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom Stromkreis Signal zu hoch (Bank 2 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping-current line of the bank 2, sensor 1 wide-band oxygen sensor reads above the upper threshold. Common with a short to a positive supply or a damaged sensor amplifier in the ECU.",
        "de": "Die Pumpstromleitung der Breitbandsonde an Bank 2, Sonde 1 liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert. Häufig bei Kurzschluss nach Versorgungsspannung oder defektem Sondenverstärker im Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream_b2",
        "o2_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_wiring_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pumping current line shorted to positive",
            "de": "Pumpstromleitung nach Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internally shorted",
            "de": "Sonde mit internem Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2241"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2243",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage line that powers the wide-band sensor cell on bank 1 sensor 1 is missing or out of tolerance. Without correct reference, the AFR calculation is invalid.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannungsleitung, die die Breitband-Sensorzelle an Bank 1 Sensor 1 versorgt, fehlt oder liegt ausserhalb der Toleranz. Ohne korrekte Referenz ist die Lambdaberechnung ungültig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_wideband",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_vref_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference voltage line open",
            "de": "Referenzspannungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wide-band sensor failed",
            "de": "Breitbandsonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2237"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2244",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Referenzspannung Stromkreis Bereich/Plausibilität (Bank 1 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage that the ECU supplies to the wide-band oxygen sensor on bank 1, sensor 1 drifts outside the expected range. The reference is the baseline against which the cell voltages are measured; a drift falsifies every lambda calculation.",
        "de": "Die vom Steuergerät an die Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 1, Sonde 1 gelieferte Referenzspannung driftet aus dem erwarteten Bereich. Die Referenz ist die Grundlinie für alle Zellenspannungen; eine Drift verfälscht jede Lambda-Berechnung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "o2_sensor_wiring",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_reference_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference circuit drift in ECU",
            "de": "Referenzkreis im Steuergerät driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wiring_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High resistance in reference wiring",
            "de": "Erhöhter Widerstand in der Referenzleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2245",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Referenzspannung Stromkreis Signal zu niedrig (Bank 1 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage feeding the bank 1, sensor 1 wide-band oxygen sensor is below the lower threshold. Often a short to ground in the wiring or a failed reference output stage.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannung der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 1, Sonde 1 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert. Häufig ein Massekurzschluss in der Leitung oder eine defekte Referenz-Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "o2_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Referenzleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_reference_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU reference output failed",
            "de": "Referenzausgang im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2244",
        "P2246"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2246",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Referenzspannung Stromkreis Signal zu hoch (Bank 1 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage on the bank 1, sensor 1 wide-band oxygen sensor reads above the upper threshold. Common with a short to a positive supply or a corroded connector with leakage current.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannung an der Breitbandsonde Bank 1, Sonde 1 liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert. Häufig durch Kurzschluss nach Plus oder durch korrodierte Stecker mit Kriechstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "o2_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference line shorted to positive",
            "de": "Referenzleitung nach Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded with leakage",
            "de": "Stecker korrodiert mit Kriechstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2245"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2247",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 counterpart of P2243. Reference voltage on the bank 2 sensor 1 wide-band probe is missing or out of tolerance.",
        "de": "Bank-2-Pendant zu P2243. Die Referenzspannung der Breitbandsonde an Bank 2 Sensor 1 fehlt oder liegt ausserhalb der Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_wideband",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_vref_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference voltage line open on bank 2",
            "de": "Referenzspannungsleitung an Bank 2 unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bank 2 wide-band sensor failed",
            "de": "Bank-2-Breitbandsonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2243"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2248",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Referenzspannung Stromkreis Bereich/Plausibilität (Bank 2 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 counterpart to P2244. The reference voltage at the wide-band oxygen sensor on bank 2, sensor 1 is outside its expected range and falsifies the lambda calculation.",
        "de": "Bank-2-Pendant zu P2244. Die Referenzspannung der Breitbandsonde an Bank 2, Sonde 1 liegt ausserhalb des Erwartungsbereichs und verfälscht die Lambda-Berechnung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream_b2",
        "o2_sensor_wiring",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_reference_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference circuit drift in ECU",
            "de": "Referenzkreis im Steuergerät driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wiring_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High resistance in reference wiring",
            "de": "Erhöhter Widerstand in der Referenzleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2244"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2249",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Referenzspannung Stromkreis Signal zu niedrig (Bank 2 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 counterpart to P2245. The reference voltage on bank 2, sensor 1 is below the lower threshold — typically a short to ground or failed ECU output.",
        "de": "Bank-2-Pendant zu P2245. Die Referenzspannung an Bank 2, Sonde 1 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — meist Massekurzschluss oder defekter Steuergeräteausgang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream_b2",
        "o2_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Referenzleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_reference_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU reference output failed",
            "de": "Referenzausgang im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2245",
        "P2248",
        "P2250"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P224A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Resistance (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungswiderstand (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured heater element resistance of the NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 is outside the calibrated range. Used as a sensor-element health check.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Widerstand des Heizelements am NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 1 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierbereichs. Wird als Lebensdauer-Prüfung der Sondenkeramik genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_resistance_b1s1",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P224B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Resistance (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungswiderstand (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured heater element resistance of the NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 2 is outside the calibrated range. Used as a sensor-element health check.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Widerstand des Heizelements am NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 2 liegt ausserhalb des Kalibrierbereichs. Wird als Lebensdauer-Prüfung der Sondenkeramik genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_resistance_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P224A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P224C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoff-Tankabsperrventil A Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the shutoff valve at the alternative-fuel tank A is open. Bi-fuel vehicles (CNG, LPG, hydrogen) use a high-pressure shutoff valve at the tank for safety; with this fault the alternative fuel cannot be drawn from the tank.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Absperrventils am Alternativ-Kraftstofftank A ist offen. Zweistoff-Fahrzeuge (CNG, LPG, Wasserstoff) haben aus Sicherheitsgründen ein Hochdruck-Absperrventil am Tank; bei diesem Fehler kann der Alternativ-Kraftstoff nicht entnommen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_shutoff_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_shutoff_a_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P224D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve A Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoff-Tankabsperrventil A Leistung/aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Alternative-fuel shutoff valve A is electrically OK but does not open when commanded. Vehicle remains on petrol/diesel only.",
        "de": "Alternativ-Absperrventil A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, öffnet aber nicht auf Befehl. Fahrzeug läuft nur auf Benzin/Diesel weiter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_shutoff_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_shutoff_a_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized closed",
            "de": "Ventil festsitzend geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P224C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P224E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoff-Tankabsperrventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shutoff valve A drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Absperrventils A niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_shutoff_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_shutoff_a_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P224C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P224F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoff-Tankabsperrventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shutoff valve A drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Absperrventils A hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_shutoff_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_shutoff_a_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P224C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2250",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Referenzspannung Stromkreis Signal zu hoch (Bank 2 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 counterpart to P2246. The reference voltage at bank 2, sensor 1 is above the upper threshold, usually due to a short to positive or connector leakage.",
        "de": "Bank-2-Pendant zu P2246. Die Referenzspannung an Bank 2, Sonde 1 liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert, meist durch Kurzschluss nach Plus oder Steckerkriechstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream_b2",
        "o2_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference line shorted to positive",
            "de": "Referenzleitung nach Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded with leakage",
            "de": "Stecker korrodiert mit Kriechstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2246",
        "P2249"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2251",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde negative Stromregelung (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative current control line (Vs−) of the wide-band lambda sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 is open or out of range. Used as the virtual ground reference for the Nernst cell.",
        "de": "Die negative Stromregelleitung (Vs−) der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 1 ist offen oder ausserhalb des Bereichs. Wird als virtuelle Massereferenz für die Nernst-Zelle verwendet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_wideband",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_vsneg_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vs− line open",
            "de": "Vs−-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_wb_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wide-band sensor failed",
            "de": "Breitbandsonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2237",
        "P2243"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2252",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Negativstrom-Steuerkreis Signal zu niedrig (Bank 1 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative-current (Vs negative) line on the bank 1, sensor 1 wide-band oxygen sensor is below the lower threshold. This line is the return path for the Nernst cell; loss of the signal blocks the lambda calculation.",
        "de": "Die Negativstromleitung (Vs negativ) der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 1, Sonde 1 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert. Diese Leitung ist der Rückweg der Nernst-Zelle; ein Signalverlust verhindert die Lambda-Berechnung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "o2_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vs negative line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Vs-Negativ-Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Nernst cell return open inside sensor",
            "de": "Nernst-Zellenrückführung in der Sonde unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2253",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Negativstrom-Steuerkreis Signal zu hoch (Bank 1 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Vs negative line on bank 1, sensor 1 reads above the upper threshold. Often a short to positive or a damaged ECU sensor amplifier.",
        "de": "Die Vs-Negativ-Leitung an Bank 1, Sonde 1 liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert. Häufig Kurzschluss nach Plus oder defekter Sondenverstärker im Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream",
        "o2_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vs negative line shorted to positive",
            "de": "Vs-Negativ-Leitung nach Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Sonde"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2252"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2254",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Negativstrom-Steuerkreis Signal zu niedrig (Bank 2 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 counterpart to P2252. The Vs negative line on the wide-band oxygen sensor at bank 2, sensor 1 is below the lower threshold.",
        "de": "Bank-2-Pendant zu P2252. Die Vs-Negativ-Leitung der Breitbandsonde an Bank 2, Sonde 1 liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream_b2",
        "o2_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vs negative line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Vs-Negativ-Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Nernst cell return open inside sensor",
            "de": "Nernst-Zellenrückführung in der Sonde unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2252"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2255",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Negativstrom-Steuerkreis Signal zu hoch (Bank 2 Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 counterpart to P2253. The Vs negative line on bank 2, sensor 1 reads above the upper threshold.",
        "de": "Bank-2-Pendant zu P2253. Die Vs-Negativ-Leitung an Bank 2, Sonde 1 liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_upstream_b2",
        "o2_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vs negative line shorted to positive",
            "de": "Vs-Negativ-Leitung nach Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Sonde"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2253",
        "P2254"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2256",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Heizung Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1 Sonde 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a low-side voltage below threshold on the heater control of the rear oxygen sensor on bank 1. The heater driver may be stuck on or shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu niedrige Spannung auf der Niederseite der Heizungsansteuerung der hinteren Lambdasonde Bank 1. Der Heizertreiber haengt moeglicherweise oder ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "o2_heater_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Heizerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal heater short",
            "de": "Interner Heizerkurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2257",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Control A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sekundaerluftsystem Steuerung A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the secondary air injection system A reads a voltage below specification. Either the relay output is shorted to ground or the wiring/load is faulty.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis A des Sekundaerluftsystems liest eine Spannung unter Spezifikation. Entweder ist der Relaisausgang gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Verkabelung/Verbraucher sind defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_pump",
        "sai_relay",
        "sai_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty SAI relay",
            "de": "Defektes Sekundaerluftrelais"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2258",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Control A Circuit High",
        "de": "Sekundaerluftsystem Steuerung A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit A of the secondary air injection system shows a voltage above the calibrated upper threshold. Likely a short to battery voltage or an open in the relay coil/output.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis A des Sekundaerluftsystems weist eine Spannung oberhalb des oberen Schwellenwerts auf. Wahrscheinlich Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder Unterbrechung in der Relaisspule oder am Ausgang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_pump",
        "sai_relay",
        "sai_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2259",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Control B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Steuerung B Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive line for secondary air injection (AIR) control circuit B is stuck low. Secondary air is pumped into the exhaust manifold during cold start to speed up catalyst light-off.",
        "de": "Die Treiberleitung der Sekundärlufteinblasung (AIR) Kreis B ist niedrig. Sekundärluft wird beim Kaltstart in den Auspuffkrümmer geblasen, um den Katalysator schneller auf Betriebstemperatur zu bringen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_pump",
        "secondary_air_injection_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_b_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P225A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Calibration Memory (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Kalibrierungsspeicher (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The factory calibration memory of the NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 cannot be read or contains a checksum error. Each NOx sensor ships with a unique calibration table programmed at the factory.",
        "de": "Der werkseitige Kalibrierungsspeicher des NOx-Sensors an Bank 1 Sensor 1 lässt sich nicht lesen oder enthält einen Prüfsummenfehler. Jeder NOx-Sensor wird mit einer individuellen Kalibrierungstabelle ab Werk programmiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_calmem_b1s1_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor calibration memory corrupt",
            "de": "Sensor-Kalibrierungsspeicher korrupt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P225B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Calibration Memory (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Kalibrierungsspeicher (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The factory calibration memory of the NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 2 cannot be read or contains a checksum error. Each NOx sensor ships with a unique calibration table programmed at the factory.",
        "de": "Der werkseitige Kalibrierungsspeicher des NOx-Sensors an Bank 1 Sensor 2 lässt sich nicht lesen oder enthält einen Prüfsummenfehler. Jeder NOx-Sensor wird mit einer individuellen Kalibrierungstabelle ab Werk programmiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_calmem_b1s2_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor calibration memory corrupt",
            "de": "Sensor-Kalibrierungsspeicher korrupt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P225A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P225C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance - Signal Biased/Stuck High (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Leistung - Signal verschoben/hoch festgesetzt (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 reads suspiciously high for too long — biased upward or stuck. Common after sensor poisoning by silicon, sulphur, or oil ash.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 1 liest verdächtig lange zu hoch — verschoben oder eingefroren. Häufig nach Sensorvergiftung durch Silizium, Schwefel oder Ölasche."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_stuck_high_poisoned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor poisoned by silicon, sulphur, or oil ash",
            "de": "Sensor durch Silizium, Schwefel oder Ölasche vergiftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P225D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance - Signal Biased/Stuck Low (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Leistung - Signal verschoben/niedrig festgesetzt (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 reads suspiciously high for too long — biased upward or stuck. Common after sensor poisoning by silicon, sulphur, or oil ash.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 1 liest verdächtig lange zu hoch — verschoben oder eingefroren. Häufig nach Sensorvergiftung durch Silizium, Schwefel oder Ölasche."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_stuck_low_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or condensate damaged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert oder durch Kondensat beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P225C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P225E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance - Signal Biased/Stuck High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Leistung - Signal verschoben/hoch festgesetzt (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 2 reads suspiciously high for too long — biased upward or stuck. Common after sensor poisoning by silicon, sulphur, or oil ash.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 2 liest verdächtig lange zu hoch — verschoben oder eingefroren. Häufig nach Sensorvergiftung durch Silizium, Schwefel oder Ölasche."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_stuck_high_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor poisoned",
            "de": "Sensor vergiftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P225C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P225F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance - Signal Biased/Stuck Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Leistung - Signal verschoben/niedrig festgesetzt (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 2 reads suspiciously low for too long — biased downward or stuck. Common after sensor element ageing, condensate damage from cold start, or wiring fault that pulls the signal down.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 2 liest verdächtig lange zu niedrig — nach unten verschoben oder eingefroren. Häufig nach Alterung des Sensorelements, Kondensatschaden beim Kaltstart oder Kabelbaumfehler, der das Signal nach unten zieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_stuck_low_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P225D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2260",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Control B Circuit High",
        "de": "Sekundärluftsystem Steuerung B Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "AIR system control B drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung der Sekundärluftsystem-Steuerung B hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_b_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2259"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2261",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbo/Super Charger Bypass Valve Mechanical",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypassventil mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a mechanical fault in the turbocharger or supercharger bypass valve. The valve does not open or close as commanded, causing boost-pressure errors and reduced engine response.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen mechanischen Fehler des Bypassventils von Turbolader oder Kompressor. Das Ventil oeffnet oder schliesst nicht wie befohlen, was zu Ladedruckfehlern und verminderter Motorleistung fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve",
        "turbocharger",
        "boost_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bypass_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck bypass valve",
            "de": "Klemmendes Bypassventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_supply_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in vacuum/pressure actuator",
            "de": "Leck im Unterdruck-/Druckaktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2262",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbo Boost Pressure Not Detected - Mechanical",
        "de": "Turbo-Ladedruck nicht erkannt - mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU does not detect any meaningful boost pressure increase under load even though the turbocharger is commanded. Likely a mechanical defect in the turbo, charge-air piping or wastegate.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt unter Last trotz Ansteuerung des Turboladers keinen sinnvollen Ladedruckaufbau. Wahrscheinlich liegt ein mechanischer Defekt in Turbolader, Ladeluftleitung oder Wastegate vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger",
        "charge_air_pipe",
        "wastegate_actuator",
        "boost_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charge_pipe_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge pipe loose or split",
            "de": "Ladeluftrohr geloest oder gerissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "turbo_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Turbocharger mechanical damage",
            "de": "Mechanischer Schaden am Turbolader"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wastegate_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate stuck open",
            "de": "Wastegate offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2263",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbo/Super Charger Boost System Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksystem Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost pressure does not match the requested target during normal operation. The deviation between commanded and measured boost exceeds the calibrated tolerance, often due to leaks, sticking actuators or sensor errors.",
        "de": "Der Ladedruck entspricht im normalen Betrieb nicht der angeforderten Sollvorgabe. Die Abweichung zwischen Soll- und Istladedruck ueberschreitet die kalibrierte Toleranz, oft wegen Leckagen, klemmenden Aktuatoren oder Sensorfehlern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger",
        "boost_pressure_sensor",
        "vnt_actuator",
        "charge_air_pipe"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "boost_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge-air leak",
            "de": "Ladeluftleck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vnt_sticking",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VNT vanes sticking with soot",
            "de": "Festsitzende VTG-Schaufeln durch Russ"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "boost_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost pressure sensor drift",
            "de": "Drift des Ladedrucksensors"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-geometry_turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2264",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault in the diesel water-in-fuel sensor circuit. Until repaired, water contamination in the fuel filter cannot be detected, risking damage to the high-pressure pump and injectors.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler im Stromkreis des Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensors am Dieselfilter. Bis zur Reparatur kann Wasserkontamination im Filter nicht erkannt werden, mit Risiko fuer Hochdruckpumpe und Injektoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor",
        "fuel_filter_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wif_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Defective water-in-fuel sensor",
            "de": "Defekter Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_issue",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2265",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects that the water-in-fuel sensor signal is implausible compared to operating conditions. The reading does not change as expected during fuel filter purge or warm-up.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass das Signal des Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensors gegenueber den Betriebsbedingungen unplausibel ist. Der Wert aendert sich nicht wie erwartet beim Entwaessern des Filters oder beim Aufwaermen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor",
        "fuel_filter_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wif_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift or contamination",
            "de": "Sensordrift oder Verschmutzung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2266",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor A Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The water-in-fuel sensor at the diesel fuel filter reads below lower plausibility — short to ground. The sensor warns the driver to drain the filter when condensate accumulates.",
        "de": "Der Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor am Dieselkraftstofffilter liegt unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse. Der Sensor warnt den Fahrer, dass der Filter entwässert werden muss, wenn sich Kondensat sammelt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor",
        "fuel_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wif_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2267",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor A Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Water-in-fuel sensor reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor liest über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wif_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2266"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2268",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor A Schaltkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Water-in-fuel sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wif_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2266"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2269",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Condition - Sensor A",
        "de": "Wasser im Kraftstoff erkannt - Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The water-in-fuel sensor at fuel filter A has detected water above the warning threshold. The fuel filter must be drained; running the engine on water-contaminated diesel can damage the high-pressure pump and injectors.",
        "de": "Der Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor am Filter A hat Wasser oberhalb der Warnschwelle erkannt. Der Filter muss entwässert werden; Weiterfahren mit Wasser im Diesel kann Hochdruckpumpe und Injektoren beschädigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor",
        "fuel_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wif_water_present",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Condensate accumulated in filter — drain required",
            "de": "Kondensat im Filter — entwässern erforderlich"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          0.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P226A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Lampe Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the drive line for the dashboard water-in-fuel warning lamp.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Steuerleitung für die Armaturenbrett-Warnlampe Wasser im Kraftstoff."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_indicator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wif_lamp_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lamp drive failed",
            "de": "Lampentreiber defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P226B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger A Boost Pressure Too High - Mechanical",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor A Ladedruck zu hoch - mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Boost pressure on turbo A exceeds the upper threshold and the cause is mechanical (wastegate stuck closed, VGT vanes stuck closed) rather than electrical drive fault.",
        "de": "Ladedruck am Turbolader A übersteigt die obere Schwelle und die Ursache ist mechanisch (Wastegate hängt zu, VTG-Schaufeln klemmen geschlossen), nicht ein elektrischer Treiberfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger",
        "wastegate"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbo_a_mech_overboost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate or VGT stuck closed",
            "de": "Wastegate oder VTG geschlossen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P226C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control A Slow Response",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruckregelung A langsame Reaktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbocharger boost control A reaches the commanded boost pressure too slowly. Common with worn VGT vanes, sticking wastegate, or boost-control solenoid lag.",
        "de": "Die Ladedruckregelung des Turboladers A erreicht den Soll-Ladedruck zu langsam. Häufig bei verschlissenen VTG-Schaufeln, schwergängigem Wastegate oder trägem Ladedruck-Magnetventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger",
        "boost_control_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbo_a_slow_vgt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VGT vanes stiff or worn",
            "de": "VTG-Schaufeln schwergängig oder verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P226D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Deteriorated/Missing Substrate (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Partikelfilter Substrat zerstört oder fehlt (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF substrate on bank 1 has been detected as cracked, melted, or removed. Differential pressure across the filter is too low for the measured exhaust flow — the soot trap no longer works.",
        "de": "Das DPF-Substrat an Bank 1 ist erkannt als gerissen, geschmolzen oder entfernt. Der Differenzdruck über den Filter ist für den gemessenen Abgasstrom zu niedrig — die Russfilterung funktioniert nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_substrate_destroyed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Substrate cracked or melted from runaway regen",
            "de": "Substrat durch unkontrollierte Regeneration gerissen oder geschmolzen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_substrate_removed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Substrate removed by tampering",
            "de": "Substrat durch Manipulation entfernt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P226E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Deteriorated/Missing Substrate (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Partikelfilter Substrat zerstört oder fehlt (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF substrate on bank 2 has been detected as cracked, melted, or removed. Differential pressure across the filter is too low for the measured exhaust flow — the soot trap no longer works.",
        "de": "Das DPF-Substrat an Bank 2 ist erkannt als gerissen, geschmolzen oder entfernt. Der Differenzdruck über den Filter ist für den gemessenen Abgasstrom zu niedrig — die Russfilterung funktioniert nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_substrate_destroyed_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Substrate cracked, melted, or removed",
            "de": "Substrat gerissen, geschmolzen oder entfernt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P226D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P226F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control B Slow Response",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruckregelung B langsame Reaktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbocharger boost control A reaches the commanded boost pressure too slowly. Common with worn VGT vanes, sticking wastegate, or boost-control solenoid lag.",
        "de": "Die Ladedruckregelung des Turboladers A erreicht den Soll-Ladedruck zu langsam. Häufig bei verschlissenen VTG-Schaufeln, schwergängigem Wastegate oder trägem Ladedruck-Magnetventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbo_b_slow_vgt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VGT vanes stiff or worn",
            "de": "VTG-Schaufeln schwergängig oder verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P226C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2270",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 1, Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Signal hängt mager (Bank 1, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a constant lean signal during a forced-rich command from the ECU. Suggests either a sensor that has lost its rich-side response, or a catalyst that is so degraded that no rich exhaust reaches the downstream sensor (cross-check P0420).",
        "de": "Die nachgeschaltete Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet während einer angeforderten Anfettung dauerhaft mager. Hinweis entweder auf eine Sonde, die das fette Spektrum nicht mehr abbildet, oder auf einen so stark degradierten Katalysator, dass kein fettes Abgas zur Nachsonde durchkommt (mit P0420 abgleichen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "catalytic_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_failed_lean",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream sensor failed stuck lean",
            "de": "Nachsonde defekt, hängt mager"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_post_cat",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak after catalyst",
            "de": "Abgasleck nach Katalysator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2271",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich (Bank 1, Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Signal hängt fett (Bank 1, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a constant rich signal during a forced-lean command. Suggests a failed downstream sensor or a sensor contaminated by oil/coolant from upstream engine wear.",
        "de": "Die nachgeschaltete Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet während einer angeforderten Abmagerung dauerhaft fett. Hinweis auf eine defekte Nachsonde oder eine durch Öl/Kühlmittel verunreinigte Sonde nach motorseitigem Verschleiß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_failed_rich",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream sensor failed stuck rich",
            "de": "Nachsonde defekt, hängt fett"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream sensor contaminated",
            "de": "Nachsonde verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2270"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2272",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 2, Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Signal hängt mager (Bank 2, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downstream oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a constant lean signal during a forced-rich command from the ECU. Suggests either a sensor that has lost its rich-side response, or a catalyst that is so degraded that no rich exhaust reaches the downstream sensor (cross-check P0420).",
        "de": "Die nachgeschaltete Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet während einer angeforderten Anfettung dauerhaft mager. Hinweis entweder auf eine Sonde, die das fette Spektrum nicht mehr abbildet, oder auf einen so stark degradierten Katalysator, dass kein fettes Abgas zur Nachsonde durchkommt (mit P0420 abgleichen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream",
        "catalytic_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_failed_lean",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream sensor failed stuck lean",
            "de": "Nachsonde defekt, hängt mager"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_post_cat",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak after catalyst",
            "de": "Abgasleck nach Katalysator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2270"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2273",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich (Bank 2, Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Signal hängt fett (Bank 2, Sonde 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downstream oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a constant rich signal during a forced-lean command. Suggests a failed downstream sensor or a sensor contaminated by oil/coolant from upstream engine wear.",
        "de": "Die nachgeschaltete Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet während einer angeforderten Abmagerung dauerhaft fett. Hinweis auf eine defekte Nachsonde oder eine durch Öl/Kühlmittel verunreinigte Sonde nach motorseitigem Verschleiß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_downstream"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_downstream_failed_rich",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream sensor failed stuck rich",
            "de": "Nachsonde defekt, hängt fett"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2271"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2274",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Signal verschoben/mager festgesetzt (Bank 1 Sensor 3)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 sensor at bank 1 sensor 3 reports a lean reading suspiciously stable for too long. Sensor 3 is typically downstream of the second catalyst on systems with three-stage aftertreatment.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 3 meldet einen mageren Wert verdächtig stabil für zu lange. Sensor 3 sitzt meist hinter dem zweiten Katalysator bei dreistufiger Abgasnachbehandlung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_lean_stuck_b1s3",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert oder verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2275",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich (Bank 1 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Signal verschoben/fett festgesetzt (Bank 1 Sensor 3)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 sensor at bank 1 sensor 3 reports a lean reading suspiciously stable for too long. Sensor 3 is typically downstream of the second catalyst on systems with three-stage aftertreatment.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 3 meldet einen mageren Wert verdächtig stabil für zu lange. Sensor 3 sitzt meist hinter dem zweiten Katalysator bei dreistufiger Abgasnachbehandlung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_rich_stuck_b1s3",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor coated with carbon or fuel residue",
            "de": "Sensor mit Russ oder Kraftstoffrückständen belegt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2274"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2276",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Lean (Bank 2 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Signal verschoben/mager festgesetzt (Bank 2 Sensor 3)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 sensor at bank 2 sensor 3 reports a lean reading suspiciously stable for too long. Sensor 3 is typically downstream of the second catalyst on systems with three-stage aftertreatment.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 3 meldet einen mageren Wert verdächtig stabil für zu lange. Sensor 3 sitzt meist hinter dem zweiten Katalysator bei dreistufiger Abgasnachbehandlung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_lean_stuck_b2s3",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2274"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2277",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signal Biased/Stuck Rich (Bank 2 Sensor 3)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Signal verschoben/fett festgesetzt (Bank 2 Sensor 3)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 sensor at bank 2 sensor 3 reports a rich reading suspiciously stable for too long. Sensor 3 is typically downstream of the second catalyst on systems with three-stage aftertreatment; sensor coated with carbon or fuel residue is the typical cause.",
        "de": "Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 3 meldet einen fetten Wert verdächtig stabil für zu lange. Sensor 3 sitzt meist hinter dem zweiten Katalysator bei dreistufiger Abgasnachbehandlung; typische Ursache ist eine Sonde, die mit Russ oder Kraftstoffrückständen belegt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_rich_stuck_b2s3",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor coated",
            "de": "Sensor belegt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2275"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2278",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 3 / Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Signale vertauscht Bank 1 Sensor 3 / Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PCM detects that the O2 sensor signals from bank 1 sensor 3 and bank 2 sensor 3 are swapped — typically a wiring crossover after sensor replacement.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Sondensignale von Bank 1 Sensor 3 und Bank 2 Sensor 3 vertauscht sind — meist Kabelvertauschung nach Sensortausch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_swapped_b1b2_s3",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring crossover after sensor replacement",
            "de": "Kabelvertauschung nach Sensortausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2279",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air System Leak",
        "de": "Leck im Ansaugsystem"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected a discrepancy between commanded throttle/intake conditions and the resulting MAP/MAF that points to unmetered air entering after the throttle body. On turbocharged engines this often means a cracked or disconnected boost pipe between turbo and intake; on naturally aspirated engines, a hole in the intake manifold or hose.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Differenz zwischen angeforderter Drosselklappenstellung und dem resultierenden MAP/MAF, die auf ungemessene Luft hinter der Drosselklappe hindeutet. Auf aufgeladenen Motoren häufig ein gerissenes oder abgefallenes Ladeluftrohr zwischen Turbolader und Ansaugtrakt; auf Saugmotoren ein Loch im Saugrohr oder Schlauch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold",
        "intercooler_pipe",
        "throttle_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "boost_pipe_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost pipe disconnected or cracked",
            "de": "Ladeluftrohr abgefallen oder rissig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intake_hose_split",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake hose split",
            "de": "Ansaugschlauch eingerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P227A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor C Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on barometric pressure sensor C — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. The sensor measures atmospheric pressure for altitude compensation; sensor C is a redundant or secondary unit.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Luftdrucksensor C — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Der Sensor misst den Atmosphärendruck zur Höhenkorrektur; Sensor C ist redundant oder Zweitsensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_c_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P222A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P227B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor C Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric sensor C reads in range but plausibility check fails — slow response or stuck reading.",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor C liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — träge Reaktion oder eingefrorener Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_c_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P222B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P227C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor C Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric sensor C below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor C unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_c_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P222C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P227D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor C Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric sensor C above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor C über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_c_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P222D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P227E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Barometric Pressure Sensor C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor C Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Barometric sensor C signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Luftdrucksensor C - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "barometric_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "baro_c_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P222E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P227F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Flow Restriction/Air Leak Between Air Filter and MAF (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Luftstrom-Verengung oder Leck zwischen Luftfilter und MAF (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Restriction or leak detected in the intake plumbing between the air filter and the mass-air-flow sensor on bank 2 — typically a cracked intake boot or torn filter element.",
        "de": "Verengung oder Leck im Ansaugtrakt zwischen Luftfilter und Luftmassenmesser an Bank 2 erkannt — meist gerissener Ansaugschlauch oder defektes Filterelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_filter",
        "intake_air_duct",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "maf_intake_leak_b2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked intake boot",
            "de": "Gerissener Ansaugschlauch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2280",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Flow Restriction / Air Filter Restriction",
        "de": "Luftstromeinschraenkung / Luftfilterverengung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an excessive intake restriction. Either the air filter is heavily clogged or an obstruction in the intake duct is reducing airflow below the expected level.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu hohe Ansaugwiderstand. Entweder ist der Luftfilter stark verschmutzt oder ein Hindernis in der Ansaugleitung reduziert den Luftstrom unter den erwarteten Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_filter",
        "intake_duct",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clogged_air_filter",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clogged air filter element",
            "de": "Verstopfter Luftfilter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intake_obstruction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Foreign object in intake",
            "de": "Fremdkoerper im Ansaugtrakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          0.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2281",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Leak Between MAF and Throttle Body",
        "de": "Luftleck zwischen Luftmassenmesser und Drosselklappe"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects unmetered air entering between the mass airflow sensor and the throttle body. The actual airflow into the engine is greater than what the MAF measures, leading to lean conditions.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt nicht vermessene Luft, die zwischen Luftmassenmesser und Drosselklappe eintritt. Der tatsaechliche Luftstrom in den Motor ist groesser als vom LMM gemessen, was zu Magerlauf fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_duct",
        "throttle_body",
        "mass_air_flow_sensor",
        "intake_hose"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "torn_intake_boot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked or torn intake hose",
            "de": "Gerissener Ansaugschlauch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "loose_clamp",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose hose clamp",
            "de": "Lose Schlauchschelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2282",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Leak Between Throttle Body and Intake Valves",
        "de": "Luftleck zwischen Drosselklappe und Einlassventilen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects unmetered air entering downstream of the throttle body. Typical sources are leaking intake-manifold gaskets, vacuum hoses or PCV components.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt nicht vermessene Luft, die nach der Drosselklappe in den Ansaugtrakt eindringt. Typische Quellen sind undichte Saugrohrdichtungen, Unterdruckschlaeuche oder Kurbelgehaeuseentlueftungs-Komponenten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold",
        "intake_manifold_gasket",
        "vacuum_hoses",
        "pcv_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intake_gasket_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking intake manifold gasket",
            "de": "Undichte Saugrohrdichtung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vacuum_hose_crack",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked vacuum hose",
            "de": "Gerissener Unterdruckschlauch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2283",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the injector control pressure (ICP) sensor — used on HEUI (Hydraulically actuated Electronically controlled Unit Injector) systems on heavy-duty diesel engines such as the Ford Powerstroke 6.0/7.3 and Caterpillar engines. ICP measures the high-pressure oil that actuates the injectors.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Injektor-Steuerdrucksensor (ICP) — eingesetzt bei HEUI-Systemen (hydraulisch betätigte, elektronisch geregelte Unit-Injektoren) bei Schwerlast-Diesel wie Ford Powerstroke 6.0/7.3 und Caterpillar. ICP misst den Hochdruck-Öldruck zur Injektorbetätigung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_control_pressure_sensor",
        "high_pressure_oil_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "icp_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulically_actuated_electronically_controlled_unit_injector"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2284",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdrucksensor Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector control pressure (ICP) sensor on HEUI diesel systems reports a value that does not match expected operating range or commanded pressure. Affects fuel injection timing and quantity.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Steuerdrucksensor (ICP) bei HEUI-Diesel-Systemen meldet einen Wert, der nicht zum erwarteten Betriebsbereich oder zum angeforderten Druck passt. Beeinflusst Einspritzzeitpunkt und -menge."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "icp_sensor",
        "high_pressure_oil_pump",
        "icp_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "icp_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ICP sensor drift",
            "de": "Drift des ICP-Sensors"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_leak_high_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in high-pressure oil system",
            "de": "Leck im Hochdruck-Oelsystem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEUI_injector"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2285",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdrucksensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of the injector control pressure sensor is below the calibrated minimum. The signal indicates either a short to ground or a sensor that has lost its supply.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des Injektor-Steuerdrucksensors liegt unter dem kalibrierten Mindestwert. Das Signal weist auf einen Masseschluss oder einen Sensor ohne Versorgung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "icp_sensor",
        "icp_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open 5 V supply",
            "de": "Unterbrechung der 5-V-Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEUI_injector"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2286",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdrucksensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of the injector control pressure sensor is above the calibrated maximum. Likely a short to supply voltage or an open ground in the sensor circuit.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des Injektor-Steuerdrucksensors liegt oberhalb des kalibrierten Maximalwerts. Wahrscheinlich Kurzschluss zur Versorgungsspannung oder Unterbrechung der Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "icp_sensor",
        "icp_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open ground wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung der Masseleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEUI_injector"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2287",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Sensor Intermittent",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdrucksensor sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector control pressure sensor signal is intermittently lost or out of range. Often caused by intermittent wiring faults or a failing sensor that drops out under vibration or temperature.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Injektor-Steuerdrucksensors faellt sporadisch aus oder verlaesst den gueltigen Bereich. Haeufig durch zeitweilige Verkabelungsfehler oder einen aussetzenden Sensor unter Vibration oder Temperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "icp_sensor",
        "icp_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector contact",
            "de": "Sporadischer Steckkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failing under load",
            "de": "Sensor faellt unter Last aus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEUI_injector"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2288",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ICP is above the upper threshold during operation. Typically the injection pressure regulator (IPR) is stuck closed or the high-pressure oil pump runs above target.",
        "de": "ICP liegt im Betrieb über der oberen Schwelle. Meist hängt der Einspritzdruckregler (IPR) zu oder die Hochdruck-Ölpumpe fördert über Soll."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pressure_regulator",
        "high_pressure_oil_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "icp_too_high_ipr_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "IPR stuck closed",
            "de": "IPR geschlossen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulically_actuated_electronically_controlled_unit_injector"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2289",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Too High - Engine Off",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdruck zu hoch - Motor aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ICP remains above threshold after engine shutdown — pressure does not bleed off as expected, indicating a stuck check valve or sensor offset error.",
        "de": "ICP bleibt nach Motorstop über Schwellwert — Druck baut sich nicht erwartungsgemäss ab, deutet auf ein klemmendes Rückschlagventil oder einen Sensor-Offset-Fehler hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pressure_regulator",
        "injector_control_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "icp_engine_off_high_check_valve",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Check valve stuck",
            "de": "Rückschlagventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2288"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulically_actuated_electronically_controlled_unit_injector"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P228A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A - Forced Engine Shutdown",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A - erzwungene Motorabschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator A has been detected in a state that the PCM considers unsafe and the engine has been shut down. Typical for runaway pressure on the rail or stuck-open regulator.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoffdruckregler A wurde in einem als unsicher bewerteten Zustand erkannt und der Motor wurde abgeschaltet. Typisch bei ausser Kontrolle geratenem Schienendruck oder offen festsitzendem Regler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpr_a_runaway",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure runaway",
            "de": "Druck ausser Kontrolle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P228B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator B - Forced Engine Shutdown",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler B - erzwungene Motorabschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator A has been detected in a state that the PCM considers unsafe and the engine has been shut down. Typical for runaway pressure on the rail or stuck-open regulator.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoffdruckregler A wurde in einem als unsicher bewerteten Zustand erkannt und der Motor wurde abgeschaltet. Typisch bei ausser Kontrolle geratenem Schienendruck oder offen festsitzendem Regler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpr_b_runaway",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure runaway",
            "de": "Druck ausser Kontrolle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P228A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P228C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A Exceeded Control Limits - Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A überschreitet Regelgrenzen - Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator A cannot maintain target pressure — measured pressure stays below the lower control limit despite full closed-loop authority. Typical for a leaking regulator, weak high-pressure pump, or restricted suction line.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A kann den Solldruck nicht halten — der Istdruck bleibt unter der unteren Regelgrenze trotz voller Reglerautorität. Typisch bei undichtem Regler, schwacher Hochdruckpumpe oder verengter Saugleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpr_a_low_pressure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator leaks or pump weak",
            "de": "Regler undicht oder Pumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P228D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A Exceeded Control Limits - Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A überschreitet Regelgrenzen - Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator A cannot reduce pressure below the upper control limit — typically a stuck-closed return path or runaway high-pressure pump.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A kann den Druck nicht unter die obere Regelgrenze absenken — meist verstopfte Rücklaufleitung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Hochdruckpumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpr_a_high_pressure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return path blocked or pump runaway",
            "de": "Rücklauf blockiert oder Pumpe ausser Kontrolle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P228C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P228E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A Exceeded Learning Limits - Too Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A überschreitet Lerngrenzen - zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive learning offset for fuel pressure regulator A has reached the lower limit. Long-term drift indicates progressive wear of the regulator or pump.",
        "de": "Der adaptive Lern-Offset für Kraftstoffdruckregler A hat die untere Lerngrenze erreicht. Langzeitdrift weist auf zunehmenden Verschleiss von Regler oder Pumpe hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpr_a_learn_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Long-term wear of regulator",
            "de": "Langzeitverschleiss des Reglers"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P228C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P228F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator A Exceeded Learning Limits - Too High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A überschreitet Lerngrenzen - zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive learning offset for fuel pressure regulator A has reached the lower limit. Long-term drift indicates progressive wear of the regulator or pump.",
        "de": "Der adaptive Lern-Offset für Kraftstoffdruckregler A hat die untere Lerngrenze erreicht. Langzeitdrift weist auf zunehmenden Verschleiss von Regler oder Pumpe hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpr_a_learn_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Long-term drift upward",
            "de": "Langzeitdrift nach oben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P228E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2290",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ICP is below the lower threshold — typically IPR stuck open, leaking high-pressure oil rail, or weak HP oil pump.",
        "de": "ICP liegt unter der unteren Schwelle — meist IPR offen festgesetzt, undichte HD-Ölschiene oder schwache HD-Ölpumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pressure_regulator",
        "high_pressure_oil_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "icp_too_low_ipr_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "IPR stuck open",
            "de": "IPR offen festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "icp_too_low_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP oil pump weak",
            "de": "HD-Ölpumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulically_actuated_electronically_controlled_unit_injector"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2291",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Too Low - Engine Cranking",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdruck zu niedrig - Motor dreht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cranking, ICP does not build up enough to fire injectors. Typical no-start condition on HEUI engines from a stuck-open IPR or weak HP oil pump.",
        "de": "Beim Anlassen baut der ICP nicht ausreichend Druck auf, um die Injektoren auszulösen. Typischer Kein-Start-Zustand bei HEUI-Motoren bei offen festsitzendem IPR oder schwacher HD-Ölpumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pressure_regulator",
        "high_pressure_oil_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "icp_crank_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HP oil rail does not pressurise",
            "de": "HD-Ölschiene baut keinen Druck auf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2290"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulically_actuated_electronically_controlled_unit_injector"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2292",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Erratic",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdruck erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ICP signal is unstable or jumps — connector or sensor issue, or air in the high-pressure oil rail.",
        "de": "ICP-Signal ist instabil oder springt — Stecker- oder Sensorproblem, oder Luft in der HD-Ölschiene."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_control_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "icp_erratic_air",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air in HP oil rail",
            "de": "Luft in der HD-Ölschiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2283"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulically_actuated_electronically_controlled_unit_injector"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2293",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator 2 Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler 2 Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-pressure fuel pressure regulator (volume control or pressure control valve on a direct-injection rail) is not maintaining commanded pressure. Often the rail-pressure sensor reading drifts away from the setpoint under load.",
        "de": "Der Hochdruck-Kraftstoffdruckregler (Mengen- oder Druckregelventil an der Common-Rail bei Direkteinspritzern) hält den angeforderten Druck nicht. Häufig driftet das Raildrucksignal unter Last vom Sollwert weg."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "high_pressure_fuel_pump",
        "rail_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_regulator_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator worn or sticking",
            "de": "Druckregler verschlissen oder hängt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_pressure_pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-pressure pump weak",
            "de": "Hochdruckpumpe schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rail pressure sensor drift",
            "de": "Raildrucksensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2294",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator 2 Control Circuit",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler 2 Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault on the control line to the high-pressure fuel pressure regulator solenoid. Without a working drive signal the rail cannot maintain pressure and the engine may not start or runs in limp-home.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler an der Ansteuerleitung des Hochdruck-Druckreglerventils. Ohne funktionierendes Ansteuersignal kann die Rail keinen Druck halten — der Motor startet ggf. nicht oder läuft im Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_regulator_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator solenoid open or shorted",
            "de": "Reglermagnetventil unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break to regulator",
            "de": "Leitungsunterbrechung zum Regler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2293"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2295",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator 2 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler 2 Ansteuerung Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage to the second fuel pressure regulator solenoid is below the lower limit. On common-rail diesels and direct-injection petrol engines this affects high-pressure fuel control directly.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung am zweiten Kraftstoffdruckregler-Magnetventil liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert. Bei Common-Rail-Dieseln und Direkteinspritzern beeinflusst das die Hochdruckregelung direkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_2",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fpr2_solenoid_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil internally shorted",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2293",
        "P2294"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2296",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator 2 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler 2 Ansteuerung Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage to the second fuel pressure regulator solenoid is above the upper limit — short to supply or open ground side. The driver protection trips, regulator falls back to default.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung am zweiten Kraftstoffdruckregler-Magnetventil liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masseseite. Die Endstufenüberwachung schaltet ab, der Regler fällt auf Default."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_2",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU driver stage failed",
            "de": "Endstufe im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2295"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2297",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Out of Range During Deceleration (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde ausserhalb Bereich bei Schubabschaltung (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During engine deceleration with closed throttle (DFCO), the O2 sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 should swing fully lean as the manifold fills with fresh air. Code is set when the swing does not happen — usually a slow or coated sensor.",
        "de": "Bei Schubabschaltung mit geschlossener Drossel sollte die Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 1 voll auf mager schwingen, wenn das Saugrohr mit Frischluft gefüllt wird. Der Code wird gesetzt, wenn der Sprung nicht erfolgt — meist träge oder belegte Sonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_decel_slow_b1s1",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor slow or coated",
            "de": "Sonde träge oder belegt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2298",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Out of Range During Deceleration (Bank 2 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "Lambdasonde ausserhalb Bereich bei Schubabschaltung (Bank 2 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During engine deceleration with closed throttle (DFCO), the O2 sensor on bank 2 sensor 1 should swing fully lean as the manifold fills with fresh air. Code is set when the swing does not happen — usually a slow or coated sensor.",
        "de": "Bei Schubabschaltung mit geschlossener Drossel sollte die Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 1 voll auf mager schwingen, wenn das Saugrohr mit Frischluft gefüllt wird. Der Code wird gesetzt, wenn der Sprung nicht erfolgt — meist träge oder belegte Sonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_decel_slow_b2s1",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor slow or coated",
            "de": "Sonde träge oder belegt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2297"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2299",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Pedal Position / Accelerator Pedal Position Correlation",
        "de": "Bremspedal / Fahrpedal Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects simultaneous brake and accelerator activation beyond a permitted threshold. Modern brake-throttle override safety logic forces idle in this state — usually triggered by a stuck brake light switch or a faulty pedal sensor.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt gleichzeitige Bremse- und Gas-Betätigung über dem zulässigen Schwellwert. Die moderne Brake-Override-Sicherheitslogik erzwingt in diesem Zustand Leerlauf — meist durch hängenden Bremslichtschalter oder defekten Pedalsensor ausgelöst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_light_switch",
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_switch_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake light switch stuck on",
            "de": "Bremslichtschalter hängt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Accelerator pedal sensor drift",
            "de": "Fahrpedalsensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P229A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator B Exceeded Control Limits - Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler B überschreitet Regelgrenzen - Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator A cannot maintain target pressure — measured pressure stays below the lower control limit despite full closed-loop authority. Typical for a leaking regulator, weak high-pressure pump, or restricted suction line.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A kann den Solldruck nicht halten — der Istdruck bleibt unter der unteren Regelgrenze trotz voller Reglerautorität. Typisch bei undichtem Regler, schwacher Hochdruckpumpe oder verengter Saugleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpr_b_low_pressure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator leaks or pump weak",
            "de": "Regler undicht oder Pumpe schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P228C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P229B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator B Exceeded Control Limits - Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler B überschreitet Regelgrenzen - Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator A cannot reduce pressure below the upper control limit — typically a stuck-closed return path or runaway high-pressure pump.",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler A kann den Druck nicht unter die obere Regelgrenze absenken — meist verstopfte Rücklaufleitung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Hochdruckpumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpr_b_high_pressure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return path blocked or pump runaway",
            "de": "Rücklauf blockiert oder Pumpe ausser Kontrolle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P228D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P229C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator B Exceeded Learning Limits - Too Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler B überschreitet Lerngrenzen - zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive learning offset for fuel pressure regulator A has reached the lower limit. Long-term drift indicates progressive wear of the regulator or pump.",
        "de": "Der adaptive Lern-Offset für Kraftstoffdruckregler A hat die untere Lerngrenze erreicht. Langzeitdrift weist auf zunehmenden Verschleiss von Regler oder Pumpe hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpr_b_learn_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Long-term wear of regulator",
            "de": "Langzeitverschleiss des Reglers"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P228E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P229D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator B Exceeded Learning Limits - Too High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler B überschreitet Lerngrenzen - zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive learning offset for fuel pressure regulator B has reached the upper limit. Long-term drift upward indicates progressive wear of the regulator or a return path that is becoming restricted.",
        "de": "Der adaptive Lern-Offset für Kraftstoffdruckregler B hat die obere Lerngrenze erreicht. Langzeitdrift nach oben weist auf zunehmenden Verschleiss des Reglers oder eine sich verengende Rücklaufleitung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpr_b_learn_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Long-term drift upward",
            "de": "Langzeitdrift nach oben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P228F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P229E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Schaltkreis (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the NOx sensor on bank 2 — open, shorted, or out of plausibility. Used by SCR control and OBD NOx monitoring.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am NOx-Sensor an Bank 2 — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel. Wird von der SCR-Regelung und der OBD-NOx-Überwachung genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_b1s2_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element failed",
            "de": "Sensorelement defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2213"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P229F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sonde 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downstream NOx sensor on bank 1 (after the SCR catalyst) returns implausible NOx readings during operation. Either the sensor is degraded or upstream chemistry is abnormal.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor auf Bank 1 nach dem SCR-Katalysator liefert im Betrieb unplausible NOx-Werte. Entweder ist der Sensor gealtert oder die Abgaschemie davor ist abnormal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor",
        "scr_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "NOx sensor aging",
            "de": "Alterung des NOx-Sensors"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scr_efficiency_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low SCR efficiency",
            "de": "Geringer SCR-Wirkungsgrad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor on bank 2 reads below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor an Bank 2 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_b1s2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2215"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor on bank 2 reads above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor an Bank 2 über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_b1s2_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2216"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor on bank 2 signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor an Bank 2 - Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_b1s2_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2217"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit/Open (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the NOx sensor heater on bank 2 is open. The sensor cannot reach operating temperature.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis der NOx-Sensorheizung an Bank 2 ist offen. Der Sensor erreicht die Betriebstemperatur nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_b1s2_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater winding open",
            "de": "Heizwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2218"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx heater drive line on bank 2 stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung der NOx-Heizung an Bank 2 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_b1s2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2219"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx heater drive line on bank 2 stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung der NOx-Heizung an Bank 2 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_heater_b1s2_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2220"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The feedback line that monitors NOx sensor heater current draw on bank 2 is faulty — open, shorted, or out of plausibility.",
        "de": "Die Rückmeldeleitung zur Stromüberwachung der NOx-Sensorheizung an Bank 2 ist gestört — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sense_b1s2_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Erkennungskreis defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2221"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor heater sense feedback on bank 2 reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "NOx-Heizungs-Erkennungs-Rückmeldung an Bank 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sense_b1s2_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense circuit drift",
            "de": "Erkennungskreis driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2222"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx heater sense line on bank 2 below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "NOx-Heizungs-Erkennungs-Leitung an Bank 2 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sense_b1s2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2223"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx heater sense line on bank 2 above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "NOx-Heizungs-Erkennungs-Leitung an Bank 2 über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sense_b1s2_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2224"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Erkennungs-Schaltkreis sporadisch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The feedback line that monitors the NOx sensor heater current draw on bank 1 sensor 2 jumps or drops out intermittently — connector loose or chafed wire near the exhaust heat zone.",
        "de": "Die Rückmeldeleitung zur Stromüberwachung der NOx-Sensorheizung an Bank 1 Sensor 2 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker locker oder durchgescheuerte Leitung in der Hitzezone."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sense_b1s2_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2225"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit/Open (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom positiv Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive (sourcing) side of the O2 sensor pumping current control circuit on bank 1 sensor 2 is open. Wide-band O2 sensors regulate oxygen concentration in a reference chamber by pumping current; the positive line is open here.",
        "de": "Die positive Seite (Sourcing) des Pumpstrom-Steuerkreises der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 ist offen. Breitbandsonden regeln die Sauerstoffkonzentration in einer Referenzkammer per Pumpstrom; hier ist die positive Leitung offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_pos_open_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open positive current line",
            "de": "Positive Stromleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom positiv Steuerkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 positive current line on bank 1 sensor 2 stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Positive Pumpstromleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_pos_short_to_ground_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22AB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom positiv Steuerkreis hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 positive current line on bank 1 sensor 2 stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Positive Pumpstromleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_pos_short_to_b_plus_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22AB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit/Open (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung Schaltkreis/offen (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage line for the wide-band O2 sensor on bank 1 sensor 2 is open. The reference is used as the floating mid-point for the pumping cell.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannungsleitung der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 ist offen. Die Referenz dient als schwebender Mittenpunkt der Pumpzelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_ref_v_open_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open reference voltage line",
            "de": "Referenzspannungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Performance (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung Leistung (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 sensor reference voltage on bank 1 sensor 2 is in range but plausibility check fails — drift or instability.",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung an Bank 1 Sensor 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — Drift oder Instabilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_ref_v_drift_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference voltage drift",
            "de": "Referenzspannung driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22AE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 reference voltage on bank 1 sensor 2 below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung an Bank 1 Sensor 2 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_ref_v_short_to_ground_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22AE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 reference voltage on bank 1 sensor 2 above upper plausibility — short to B+.",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung an Bank 1 Sensor 2 über oberer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_ref_v_short_to_b_plus_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22AE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit/Open (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom negativ Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative (sinking) side of the O2 sensor pumping current control circuit on bank 1 sensor 2 is open.",
        "de": "Die negative Seite (Sinking) des Pumpstrom-Steuerkreises der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 ist offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_neg_open_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open negative current line",
            "de": "Negative Stromleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom negativ Steuerkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 negative current line on bank 1 sensor 2 stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Negative Pumpstromleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_neg_short_to_ground_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom negativ Steuerkreis hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 negative current line on bank 1 sensor 2 stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Negative Pumpstromleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_neg_short_to_b_plus_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit/Open (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom-Trimm-Schaltkreis/offen (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current trim line on bank 1 sensor 2 is open. The trim is the per-sensor calibration code that adjusts pumping current to compensate for production tolerances.",
        "de": "Die Pumpstrom-Trimmleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 ist offen. Trimm ist der sondenindividuelle Kalibrierungscode, der den Pumpstrom an Fertigungstoleranzen anpasst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_trim_open_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open trim line",
            "de": "Trimmleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit Low (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom-Trimm-Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 trim line on bank 1 sensor 2 stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Trimmleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_trim_short_to_ground_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom-Trimm-Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 trim line on bank 1 sensor 2 stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Trimmleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 1 Sensor 2 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_trim_short_to_b_plus_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit/Open (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom positiv Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive (sourcing) side of the O2 sensor pumping current control circuit on bank 2 sensor 2 is open. Wide-band O2 sensors regulate oxygen concentration in a reference chamber by pumping current; the positive line is open here.",
        "de": "Die positive Seite (Sourcing) des Pumpstrom-Steuerkreises der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 ist offen. Breitbandsonden regeln die Sauerstoffkonzentration in einer Referenzkammer per Pumpstrom; hier ist die positive Leitung offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_pos_open_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open positive current line",
            "de": "Positive Stromleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22AB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom positiv Steuerkreis niedrig (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 positive current line on bank 2 sensor 2 stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Positive Pumpstromleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_pos_short_to_ground_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22AC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom positiv Steuerkreis hoch (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 positive current line on bank 2 sensor 2 stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Positive Pumpstromleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_pos_short_to_b_plus_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22AD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit/Open (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung Schaltkreis/offen (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage line for the wide-band O2 sensor on bank 2 sensor 2 is open. The reference is used as the floating mid-point for the pumping cell.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannungsleitung der Breitband-Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 ist offen. Die Referenz dient als schwebender Mittenpunkt der Pumpzelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_ref_v_open_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open reference voltage line",
            "de": "Referenzspannungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22AE"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Performance (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung Leistung (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 sensor reference voltage on bank 2 sensor 2 is in range but plausibility check fails — drift or instability.",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung an Bank 2 Sensor 2 liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität — Drift oder Instabilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_ref_v_drift_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference voltage drift",
            "de": "Referenzspannung driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22AF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 reference voltage on bank 2 sensor 2 below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung an Bank 2 Sensor 2 unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_ref_v_short_to_ground_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 reference voltage on bank 2 sensor 2 above upper plausibility — short to B+.",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Referenzspannung an Bank 2 Sensor 2 über oberer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_ref_v_short_to_b_plus_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit/Open (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom negativ Steuerkreis/offen (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative (sinking) side of the O2 sensor pumping current control circuit on bank 2 sensor 2 is open.",
        "de": "Die negative Seite (Sinking) des Pumpstrom-Steuerkreises der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 ist offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_neg_open_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open negative current line",
            "de": "Negative Stromleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B2"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom negativ Steuerkreis niedrig (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 negative current line on bank 2 sensor 2 stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Negative Pumpstromleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_neg_short_to_ground_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom negativ Steuerkreis hoch (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 negative current line on bank 2 sensor 2 stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Negative Pumpstromleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_neg_short_to_b_plus_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit/Open (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom-Trimm-Schaltkreis/offen (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current trim line on bank 2 sensor 2 is open. The trim is the per-sensor calibration code that adjusts pumping current to compensate for production tolerances.",
        "de": "Die Pumpstrom-Trimmleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 ist offen. Trimm ist der sondenindividuelle Kalibrierungscode, der den Pumpstrom an Fertigungstoleranzen anpasst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_trim_open_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open trim line",
            "de": "Trimmleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit Low (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom-Trimm-Schaltkreis niedrig (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 trim line on bank 2 sensor 2 stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Trimmleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_trim_short_to_ground_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit High (Bank 2 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Pumpstrom-Trimm-Schaltkreis hoch (Bank 2 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "O2 trim line on bank 2 sensor 2 stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Trimmleitung der Lambdasonde an Bank 2 Sensor 2 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_trim_short_to_b_plus_b2s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22B7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Turbolader Verdichter-Auslassventil Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the turbocharger compressor outlet valve (also called diverter valve or blow-off valve) is open. The valve releases boost pressure when the throttle closes to prevent compressor surge.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Verdichter-Auslassventils am Turbolader (auch Diverter-Ventil oder Blow-Off-Ventil) ist offen. Das Ventil baut beim Schliessen der Drossel den Ladedruck ab, um Verdichterpumpen zu verhindern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger",
        "diverter_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "divert_valve_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Verdichter-Auslassventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Compressor outlet valve drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Verdichter-Auslassventils niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diverter_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "divert_valve_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader Verdichter-Auslassventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Compressor outlet valve drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Verdichter-Auslassventils hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diverter_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "divert_valve_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Valve Stuck Open",
        "de": "Turbolader Verdichter-Auslassventil hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Compressor outlet valve mechanically stuck open — boost pressure leaks back to intake before reaching the cylinders, causing under-boost.",
        "de": "Verdichter-Auslassventil mechanisch offen — Ladedruck strömt zurück in den Ansaugtrakt vor Zylindererreichen, Folge ist Unterdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diverter_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "divert_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Diaphragm torn or seat eroded",
            "de": "Membrane gerissen oder Sitz erodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Turbolader Verdichter-Auslassventil hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Compressor outlet valve mechanically stuck closed — pressure cannot be released on throttle close, causing audible compressor surge (\"flutter\") and stress on the turbo bearings.",
        "de": "Verdichter-Auslassventil mechanisch geschlossen — Druck kann beim Drosselschluss nicht abgebaut werden, hörbares Verdichterpumpen und Belastung der Turbolager."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diverter_valve",
        "turbocharger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "divert_valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized",
            "de": "Ventil festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22C5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Switching Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Turbolader Verdichter-Auslass-Schaltventil Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the turbocharger compressor outlet switching valve is open. On twin-turbo or sequential boost setups, this valve routes the compressor outlet between low-pressure and high-pressure stages.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Verdichter-Auslass-Schaltventils am Turbolader ist offen. Bei Twin-Turbo oder sequenziellem Aufladen leitet dieses Ventil den Verdichter-Auslass zwischen Niederdruck- und Hochdruckstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger",
        "boost_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_valve_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Switching Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Verdichter-Auslass-Schaltventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Compressor outlet switching valve drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Verdichter-Auslass-Schaltventils niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_valve_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22CA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Switching Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader Verdichter-Auslass-Schaltventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Compressor outlet switching valve drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Verdichter-Auslass-Schaltventils hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_valve_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22CA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Switching Valve Stuck Open",
        "de": "Turbolader Verdichter-Auslass-Schaltventil hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Compressor outlet switching valve mechanically stuck open — sequential boost cannot transition stages cleanly.",
        "de": "Verdichter-Auslass-Schaltventil mechanisch offen — sequenzieller Ladedruck-Betrieb kann nicht sauber zwischen Stufen wechseln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ventil offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22CA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Switching Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Turbolader Verdichter-Auslass-Schaltventil hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Compressor outlet switching valve mechanically stuck closed — boost path locked.",
        "de": "Verdichter-Auslass-Schaltventil mechanisch geschlossen — Ladepfad blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22CA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Eintrittsventil Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the turbocharger turbine inlet valve is open. On sequential or two-stage charging the turbine inlet valve directs exhaust gas to the relevant turbine.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Turbinen-Eintrittsventils ist offen. Bei sequenziellem oder zweistufigem Aufladen lenkt das Ventil das Abgas zur relevanten Turbine."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger",
        "turbine_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbine_inlet_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Magnetwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Eintrittsventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbine inlet valve drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Turbinen-Eintrittsventils niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbine_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbine_inlet_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Eintrittsventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbine inlet valve drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Turbinen-Eintrittsventils hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbine_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbine_inlet_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Stuck Open",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Eintrittsventil hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbine inlet valve mechanically stuck open — exhaust gas flow cannot be redirected, sequential charging fails.",
        "de": "Turbinen-Eintrittsventil mechanisch offen — Abgasstrom kann nicht umgelenkt werden, sequenzielle Aufladung fällt aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbine_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbine_inlet_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized open from carbon",
            "de": "Ventil durch Verkokung offen festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Eintrittsventil hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbine inlet valve mechanically stuck closed — turbine receives no exhaust gas, no boost.",
        "de": "Turbinen-Eintrittsventil mechanisch geschlossen — Turbine bekommt kein Abgas, kein Ladedruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbine_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbine_inlet_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized closed",
            "de": "Ventil festsitzend geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22CF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Eintrittsventil Positionssensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the turbine inlet valve position sensor — open, shorted, or out of plausibility.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Positionssensor des Turbinen-Eintrittsventils — offen, kurzgeschlossen oder unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbine_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbine_inlet_pos_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Eintrittsventil Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor in range but plausibility fails — does not match commanded position.",
        "de": "Positionssensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an der Plausibilität — passt nicht zur Sollposition."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbine_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbine_inlet_pos_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Eintrittsventil Positionssensor Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Positionssensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbine_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbine_inlet_pos_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Eintrittsventil Positionssensor Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Positionssensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbine_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbine_inlet_pos_open_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal line",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.7,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Eintrittsventil Positionssensor Schaltkreis sporadisch/erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Positionssensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbine_inlet_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbine_inlet_pos_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Wackliger Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the cylinder 1 alternative-fuel injector is open. Bi-fuel vehicles have a second set of injectors for CNG, LPG, or hydrogen — separate from the petrol/diesel injectors.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 1 ist offen. Zweistoff-Fahrzeuge haben einen zweiten Injektorensatz für CNG, LPG oder Wasserstoff — getrennt von den Benzin-/Dieselinjektoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl1_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 1 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl1_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 1 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl1_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 alternative-fuel injector is electrically OK but its response (current ramp, dwell, peak voltage) is off-spec — typically winding ageing.",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor an Zylinder 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist Wicklungsalterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl1_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Winding ageing",
            "de": "Wicklungsalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the cylinder 2 alternative-fuel injector is open. Bi-fuel vehicles have a second set of injectors for CNG, LPG, or hydrogen — separate from the petrol/diesel injectors.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 2 ist offen. Zweistoff-Fahrzeuge haben einen zweiten Injektorensatz für CNG, LPG oder Wasserstoff — getrennt von den Benzin-/Dieselinjektoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl2_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 2 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl2_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22DD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 2 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl2_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22DD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 alternative-fuel injector is electrically OK but its response (current ramp, dwell, peak voltage) is off-spec — typically winding ageing.",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor an Zylinder 2 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist Wicklungsalterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl2_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Winding ageing",
            "de": "Wicklungsalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22DD"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the cylinder 3 alternative-fuel injector is open. Bi-fuel vehicles have a second set of injectors for CNG, LPG, or hydrogen — separate from the petrol/diesel injectors.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 3 ist offen. Zweistoff-Fahrzeuge haben einen zweiten Injektorensatz für CNG, LPG oder Wasserstoff — getrennt von den Benzin-/Dieselinjektoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl3_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 3 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl3_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22E1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 3 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl3_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22E1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 alternative-fuel injector is electrically OK but its response (current ramp, dwell, peak voltage) is off-spec — typically winding ageing.",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor an Zylinder 3 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist Wicklungsalterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl3_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Winding ageing",
            "de": "Wicklungsalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22E1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the cylinder 4 alternative-fuel injector is open. Bi-fuel vehicles have a second set of injectors for CNG, LPG, or hydrogen — separate from the petrol/diesel injectors.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 4 ist offen. Zweistoff-Fahrzeuge haben einen zweiten Injektorensatz für CNG, LPG oder Wasserstoff — getrennt von den Benzin-/Dieselinjektoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl4_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 4 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl4_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22E5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 4 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl4_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22E5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 alternative-fuel injector is electrically OK but its response (current ramp, dwell, peak voltage) is off-spec — typically winding ageing.",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor an Zylinder 4 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist Wicklungsalterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl4_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Winding ageing",
            "de": "Wicklungsalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22E5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the cylinder 5 alternative-fuel injector is open. Bi-fuel vehicles have a second set of injectors for CNG, LPG, or hydrogen — separate from the petrol/diesel injectors.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 5 ist offen. Zweistoff-Fahrzeuge haben einen zweiten Injektorensatz für CNG, LPG oder Wasserstoff — getrennt von den Benzin-/Dieselinjektoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl5_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 5 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl5_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22E9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 5 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl5_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22E9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 alternative-fuel injector is electrically OK but its response (current ramp, dwell, peak voltage) is off-spec — typically winding ageing.",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor an Zylinder 5 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist Wicklungsalterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl5_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Winding ageing",
            "de": "Wicklungsalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22E9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the cylinder 6 alternative-fuel injector is open. Bi-fuel vehicles have a second set of injectors for CNG, LPG, or hydrogen — separate from the petrol/diesel injectors.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 6 ist offen. Zweistoff-Fahrzeuge haben einen zweiten Injektorensatz für CNG, LPG oder Wasserstoff — getrennt von den Benzin-/Dieselinjektoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl6_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 6 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl6_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22ED"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 6 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl6_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22ED"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 alternative-fuel injector is electrically OK but its response (current ramp, dwell, peak voltage) is off-spec — typically winding ageing.",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor an Zylinder 6 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist Wicklungsalterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl6_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Winding ageing",
            "de": "Wicklungsalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22ED"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Heater Performance",
        "de": "Partikelsensor-Heizung Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The particulate matter (PM) sensor heater on diesel after-DPF systems does not reach or hold the calibrated operating temperature within the expected time. Without proper heating the PM sensor cannot be regenerated and read correctly.",
        "de": "Die Heizung des Partikelsensors (PM-Sensor) im Dieselsystem nach dem DPF erreicht oder haelt die kalibrierte Betriebstemperatur nicht innerhalb der erwarteten Zeit. Ohne korrekte Heizung kann der PM-Sensor nicht regeneriert und korrekt ausgelesen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm_sensor",
        "pm_heater_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pm_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PM sensor aging",
            "de": "Alterung des PM-Sensors"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pm_heater_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased heater resistance",
            "de": "Erhoehter Heizerwiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 7 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl7_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22DA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 7 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl7_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22DB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 alternative-fuel injector is electrically OK but its response (current ramp, dwell, peak voltage) is off-spec — typically winding ageing.",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor an Zylinder 7 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist Wicklungsalterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl7_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Winding ageing",
            "de": "Wicklungsalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22DC"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive circuit for the cylinder 8 alternative-fuel injector is open. Bi-fuel vehicles have a second set of injectors for CNG, LPG, or hydrogen — separate from the petrol/diesel injectors.",
        "de": "Der Treiberkreis des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 8 ist offen. Zweistoff-Fahrzeuge haben einen zweiten Injektorensatz für CNG, LPG oder Wasserstoff — getrennt von den Benzin-/Dieselinjektoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl8_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector winding open",
            "de": "Injektorwicklung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22D9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck low — short to ground.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 8 niedrig — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl8_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22F5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 alternative-fuel injector drive line stuck high — short to B+.",
        "de": "Treiberleitung des Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektors an Zylinder 8 hoch — Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl8_short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to B+",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Plus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22F5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Alternative Fuel Injector Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 alternative-fuel injector is electrically OK but its response (current ramp, dwell, peak voltage) is off-spec — typically winding ageing.",
        "de": "Alternativ-Kraftstoffinjektor an Zylinder 8 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Antwortverlauf passt aber nicht zur Kalibrierung — meist Wicklungsalterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_inj_cyl8_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Winding ageing",
            "de": "Wicklungsalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22F5"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance - Slow Response Low to High (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Leistung - langsame Reaktion niedrig nach hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 responds too slowly when NOx concentration rises (typically observed when SCR dosing is reduced or stopped). The sensor has aged or its protection cap is clogged.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 1 reagiert zu langsam, wenn die NOx-Konzentration ansteigt (typisch bei reduzierter oder gestoppter SCR-Dosierung). Der Sensor ist gealtert oder seine Schutzkappe verstopft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_slow_low_to_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged or protection cap clogged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert oder Schutzkappe verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance - Slow Response High to Low (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Leistung - langsame Reaktion hoch nach niedrig (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 responds too slowly when NOx concentration falls (typically observed when SCR dosing increases). The sensor has aged or its protection cap is clogged.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 1 reagiert zu langsam, wenn die NOx-Konzentration absinkt (typisch bei verstärkter SCR-Dosierung). Der Sensor ist gealtert oder seine Schutzkappe verstopft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_slow_high_to_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22F9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance - Sensing Element (Bank 1 Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Leistung - Sensorelement (Bank 1 Sensor 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wide-band sensing element of the NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 1 reports an internal performance fault — typically poisoning, condensate damage, or end of service life.",
        "de": "Das Breitband-Sensorelement des NOx-Sensors an Bank 1 Sensor 1 meldet einen internen Leistungsfehler — meist Vergiftung, Kondensatschaden oder Lebensdauerende."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_element_b1s1",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Element poisoned or end of life",
            "de": "Element vergiftet oder am Lebensdauerende"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance - Slow Response Low to High (Bank 1 Sensor 2)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Leistung - langsame Reaktion niedrig nach hoch (Bank 1 Sensor 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 2 responds too slowly when NOx concentration rises (typically observed when SCR dosing is reduced or stopped). The sensor has aged or its protection cap is clogged.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 2 reagiert zu langsam, wenn die NOx-Konzentration ansteigt (typisch bei reduzierter oder gestoppter SCR-Dosierung). Der Sensor ist gealtert oder seine Schutzkappe verstopft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_slow_low_to_high_b1s2",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aged",
            "de": "Sensor gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P22F9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance Slow Response High to Low Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Performance - langsame Reaktion von hoch nach niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downstream NOx sensor on bank 1 (post-SCR) responds too slowly when NOx levels fall after a reductant injection event. The control unit measures the time between commanded reductant dose and the resulting NOx drop and finds it exceeds the diagnostic threshold, indicating an aged sensor element.",
        "de": "Der nachgeschaltete NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 (nach SCR) reagiert zu träge, wenn die NOx-Konzentration nach einer AdBlue-Einspritzung abfällt. Das Steuergerät misst die Zeit zwischen Dosierbefehl und dem tatsächlichen NOx-Abfall und stellt fest, dass sie den Diagnose-Schwellwert überschreitet - typisches Zeichen für einen gealterten Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_post_scr_b1",
        "scr_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "NOx sensor element aged or thermally damaged",
            "de": "NOx-Sensor-Element gealtert oder thermisch geschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scr_efficiency_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "SCR efficiency reduced (catalyst aged or contaminated)",
            "de": "SCR-Wirkungsgrad reduziert (Katalysator gealtert oder vergiftet)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reductant_dosing_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant injector dosing drift",
            "de": "Drift der AdBlue-Dosierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Sensing Element Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Messelement Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downstream NOx sensor on bank 1 reports that its internal ZrO2 sensing element is no longer producing valid pumping currents - the element has lost its electrochemical response, typically because the active ceramic layer has been poisoned, cracked, or burnt out.",
        "de": "Der nachgeschaltete NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 meldet, dass sein internes Zirkonoxid-Messelement keine gültigen Pumpströme mehr liefert - die elektrochemische Aktivität des Elements ist weg, meist weil die Keramikschicht vergiftet, gerissen oder verbrannt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_post_scr_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_poisoned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element poisoned by silicone, sulphur or oil ash",
            "de": "Sensorelement durch Silikon, Schwefel oder Ölasche vergiftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_shock",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal shock from condensate (cold start with wet exhaust)",
            "de": "Thermoschock durch Kondensat (Kaltstart mit nassem Abgas)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_eol",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor at end of service life",
            "de": "Sensor am Ende der Lebensdauer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P22FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR NOx Catalyst Inlet Temperature Too Low",
        "de": "SCR-NOx-Katalysator Eingangstemperatur zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The temperature sensor at the SCR catalyst inlet reports a value below the threshold needed for efficient ammonia conversion. Below roughly 180-200 °C the SCR cannot reduce NOx and reductant injection is suspended; if this is detected continuously the ECU sets the fault.",
        "de": "Der Temperatursensor am SCR-Katalysator-Eingang meldet einen Wert unterhalb der Schwelle, die für eine wirksame Ammoniak-Umsetzung nötig ist. Unter rund 180-200 °C arbeitet der SCR nicht und die AdBlue-Einspritzung wird gesperrt; bleibt der Zustand bestehen, setzt das Steuergerät den Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_inlet_temperature_sensor",
        "scr_catalyst",
        "exhaust_heat_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor drifts low or has shifted resistance",
            "de": "Temperaturfühler driftet nach unten oder hat verschobene Kennlinie"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_trip_pattern",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short-trip operation - exhaust never reaches operating temperature",
            "de": "Kurzstreckenbetrieb - Abgas erreicht nie Betriebstemperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_inactive",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust heater or heat-management strategy not active",
            "de": "Abgasheizung oder Wärmemanagement nicht aktiv"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2300",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil A Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zuendspule A Primaer-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a primary-side control voltage of ignition coil A below the expected level. The coil cannot store sufficient energy to fire the spark plug; misfire on cylinder 1 typically follows.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest auf der Primaerseite der Zuendspule A eine Steuerspannung unterhalb des erwarteten Werts. Die Spule kann nicht genug Energie zur Zuendung speichern; in der Folge tritt typisch ein Aussetzer an Zylinder 1 auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_driver",
        "ignition_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal coil short",
            "de": "Interner Spulenkurzschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Primaerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2301",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil A Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zuendspule A Primaer-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the primary control of ignition coil A is above the expected limit. Often a short to battery voltage on the primary wire or an open in the coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule A liegt oberhalb des Grenzwerts. Haeufig Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung auf der Primaerleitung oder Unterbrechung in der Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_driver",
        "ignition_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Primaerleitung gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_primary",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open primary winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung der Primaerwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2302",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil A Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zuendspule A Sekundaerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a fault on the secondary side of ignition coil A. The high-voltage spark output is missing or insufficient, leading to misfire on the affected cylinder.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler auf der Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule A. Der Hochspannungs-Zuendfunken fehlt oder ist unzureichend, was an dem betroffenen Zylinder zu Aussetzern fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "spark_plug_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_spark_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn or fouled spark plug",
            "de": "Verschlissene oder verrusste Zuendkerze"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_secondary_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil secondary winding failure",
            "de": "Defekt der Sekundaerwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2303",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil B Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zuendspule B Primaer-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a low primary control voltage on ignition coil B. Misfire is typically observed on the cylinder this coil serves.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt an Zuendspule B eine zu niedrige Primaer-Steuerspannung. An dem von dieser Spule versorgten Zylinder treten typisch Aussetzer auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_driver",
        "ignition_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal coil short",
            "de": "Interner Spulenkurzschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Primaerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2304",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil B Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zuendspule B Primaer-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the primary control of ignition coil B exceeds the calibrated upper limit, indicating an electrical fault that prevents proper coil charging.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule B uebersteigt den kalibrierten oberen Grenzwert, was auf einen elektrischen Fehler hinweist, der das ordnungsgemaesse Laden der Spule verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_driver",
        "ignition_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Primaerleitung gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_primary",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open primary winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung der Primaerwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2305",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil B Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zuendspule B Sekundaerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary side of ignition coil B is faulty. Spark energy at the corresponding spark plug is insufficient, producing misfires.",
        "de": "Die Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule B ist defekt. Die Zuendenergie an der zugehoerigen Kerze reicht nicht aus, es entstehen Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug",
        "spark_plug_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_spark_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn spark plug",
            "de": "Verschlissene Zuendkerze"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_secondary_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil secondary failure",
            "de": "Defekt der Sekundaerwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2306",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil C Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zuendspule C Primaer-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The primary control of ignition coil C reads below the calibrated minimum. The cylinder served by this coil will misfire.",
        "de": "Die Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule C liegt unter dem kalibrierten Mindestwert. Der von dieser Spule versorgte Zylinder erleidet Aussetzer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_driver",
        "ignition_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal coil short",
            "de": "Interner Spulenkurzschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault on coil C",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler an Spule C"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2307",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil C Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zuendspule C Primaer-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The primary control voltage at ignition coil C exceeds the upper limit, suggesting a short to battery or an open primary winding.",
        "de": "Die Primaer-Steuerspannung an Zuendspule C uebersteigt den oberen Grenzwert, was auf einen Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder eine offene Primaerwicklung hinweist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_driver",
        "ignition_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary shorted to battery",
            "de": "Primaer gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_primary",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open primary winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung der Primaerwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2308",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil C Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zuendspule C Sekundaerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary side of ignition coil C does not produce sufficient spark energy. Misfire is observed on the corresponding cylinder.",
        "de": "Die Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule C liefert nicht genug Zuendenergie. Am zugehoerigen Zylinder treten Aussetzer auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_spark_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn spark plug",
            "de": "Verschlissene Zuendkerze"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_secondary_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil secondary failure",
            "de": "Defekt der Sekundaerwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2309",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil D Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zuendspule D Primaer-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Low primary control voltage on ignition coil D. The cylinder served by this coil will misfire if not corrected quickly.",
        "de": "Niedrige Primaer-Steuerspannung an Zuendspule D. Der von dieser Spule versorgte Zylinder erleidet Aussetzer, wenn der Fehler nicht zeitnah behoben wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_driver",
        "ignition_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal coil short",
            "de": "Interner Spulenkurzschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary shorted to ground",
            "de": "Primaer gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P230A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 1 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 1 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_1",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 1 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 1 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intake_leak_local",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local intake or vacuum leak at cylinder 1",
            "de": "Lokaler Saug- oder Unterdruckschaden an Zylinder 1"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 1 (valves, rings)",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 1 (Ventile, Kolbenringe)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "misfire_partial",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial misfire from ignition or fuel-side defect",
            "de": "Teilausfall der Verbrennung durch Zünd- oder Kraftstoffproblem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P230B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 2 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 2 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_2",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 2 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 2 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intake_leak_local",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local intake or vacuum leak at cylinder 2",
            "de": "Lokaler Saug- oder Unterdruckschaden an Zylinder 2"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 2",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 2"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P230C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 3 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 3 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_3",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 3 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 3 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intake_leak_local",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local intake or vacuum leak at cylinder 3",
            "de": "Lokaler Saug- oder Unterdruckschaden an Zylinder 3"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 3",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 3"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P230D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 4 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 4 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_4",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 4 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 4 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intake_leak_local",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local intake or vacuum leak at cylinder 4",
            "de": "Lokaler Saug- oder Unterdruckschaden an Zylinder 4"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 4",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 4"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P230E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 5 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 5 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_5",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 5 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 5 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 5",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 5"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P230F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 6 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 6 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_6",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 6 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 6 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 6",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 6"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2310",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil D Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zuendspule D Primaer-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an excessive voltage on the primary control of ignition coil D, normally caused by a short to battery or an open primary winding.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine zu hohe Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung von Zuendspule D, normalerweise verursacht durch Kurzschluss gegen Batterie oder offene Primaerwicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "coil_driver",
        "ignition_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary shorted to battery",
            "de": "Primaer gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_primary",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open primary winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung der Primaerwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2311",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil D Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zuendspule D Sekundaerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault is detected in the secondary side of ignition coil D. Insufficient spark energy results in cylinder misfire.",
        "de": "Ein Fehler wird auf der Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule D erkannt. Unzureichende Zuendenergie fuehrt zu Aussetzern am betroffenen Zylinder."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_spark_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn spark plug",
            "de": "Verschlissene Zuendkerze"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_secondary_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary winding failure",
            "de": "Defekt der Sekundaerwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2312",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil E Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündspule E Primärsteuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a primary-side control voltage of ignition coil A below the expected level. The coil cannot store sufficient energy to fire the spark plug; misfire on cylinder 1 typically follows.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest auf der Primaerseite der Zuendspule A eine Steuerspannung unterhalb des erwarteten Werts. Die Spule kann nicht genug Energie zur Zuendung speichern; in der Folge tritt typisch ein Aussetzer an Zylinder 1 auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_e",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_e",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding shorted to ground or harness chafed",
            "de": "Primärwicklung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Kabelbaum gescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil E internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber der Zündspule E defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector oxidised or loose at coil E",
            "de": "Stecker an Zündspule E oxidiert oder lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2313",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil E Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündspule E Primärsteuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the primary control of ignition coil A is above the expected limit. Often a short to battery voltage on the primary wire or an open in the coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule A liegt oberhalb des Grenzwerts. Haeufig Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung auf der Primaerleitung oder Unterbrechung in der Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_e",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_e",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in primary winding or harness for coil E",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Primärwicklung oder Kabelbaum der Zündspule E"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to battery or supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung oder Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2314",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil E Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule E Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a fault on the secondary side of ignition coil A. The high-voltage spark output is missing or insufficient, leading to misfire on the affected cylinder.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler auf der Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule A. Der Hochspannungs-Zuendfunken fehlt oder ist unzureichend, was an dem betroffenen Zylinder zu Aussetzern fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_e",
        "spark_plug_cyl_e",
        "ignition_secondary_lead"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn, fouled or with excessive electrode gap",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen, verrußt oder mit zu grossem Elektrodenabstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_breakdown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary breakdown inside coil E",
            "de": "Sekundärseitiger Durchschlag in Zündspule E"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lead_damaged",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark lead or boot cracked",
            "de": "Zündkerzenstecker oder Kabel gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spark_plug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2315",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil F Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündspule F Primärsteuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a primary-side control voltage of ignition coil A below the expected level. The coil cannot store sufficient energy to fire the spark plug; misfire on cylinder 1 typically follows.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest auf der Primaerseite der Zuendspule A eine Steuerspannung unterhalb des erwarteten Werts. Die Spule kann nicht genug Energie zur Zuendung speichern; in der Folge tritt typisch ein Aussetzer an Zylinder 1 auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_f",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_f",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding shorted to ground or harness chafed",
            "de": "Primärwicklung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Kabelbaum gescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil F internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber der Zündspule F defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2316",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil F Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündspule F Primärsteuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the primary control of ignition coil A is above the expected limit. Often a short to battery voltage on the primary wire or an open in the coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule A liegt oberhalb des Grenzwerts. Haeufig Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung auf der Primaerleitung oder Unterbrechung in der Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_f",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_f",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in primary winding or harness for coil F",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Primärwicklung oder Kabelbaum der Zündspule F"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to battery or supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung oder Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2317",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil F Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule F Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a fault on the secondary side of ignition coil A. The high-voltage spark output is missing or insufficient, leading to misfire on the affected cylinder.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler auf der Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule A. Der Hochspannungs-Zuendfunken fehlt oder ist unzureichend, was an dem betroffenen Zylinder zu Aussetzern fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_f",
        "spark_plug_cyl_f",
        "ignition_secondary_lead"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn, fouled or with excessive electrode gap",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen, verrußt oder mit zu grossem Elektrodenabstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_breakdown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary breakdown inside coil F",
            "de": "Sekundärseitiger Durchschlag in Zündspule F"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2318",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil G Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündspule G Primärsteuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a primary-side control voltage of ignition coil A below the expected level. The coil cannot store sufficient energy to fire the spark plug; misfire on cylinder 1 typically follows.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest auf der Primaerseite der Zuendspule A eine Steuerspannung unterhalb des erwarteten Werts. Die Spule kann nicht genug Energie zur Zuendung speichern; in der Folge tritt typisch ein Aussetzer an Zylinder 1 auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_g",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_g",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding shorted to ground or harness chafed",
            "de": "Primärwicklung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Kabelbaum gescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil G internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber der Zündspule G defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2319",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil G Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündspule G Primärsteuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the primary control of ignition coil A is above the expected limit. Often a short to battery voltage on the primary wire or an open in the coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule A liegt oberhalb des Grenzwerts. Haeufig Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung auf der Primaerleitung oder Unterbrechung in der Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_g",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_g",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in primary winding or harness for coil G",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Primärwicklung oder Kabelbaum der Zündspule G"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P231A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 7 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 7 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_7",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 7 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 7 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 7",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 7"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P231B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 8 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 8 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_8",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 8 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 8 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 8",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 8"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P231C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 9 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 9 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_9",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 9 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 9 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 9",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 9"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P231D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 10 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 10 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_10",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 10 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 10 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 10",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 10"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P231E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 11 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 11 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_11",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 11 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 11 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 11",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 11"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P231F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance Adjustment At Limit During Balance",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht - Anpassung an der Grenze während Balance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU continuously trims individual cylinders to equalise air-fuel ratio across the bank using ion-current or per-cylinder lambda feedback. For cylinder 12 the per-cylinder fuel correction has hit its software-side maximum or minimum without restoring balance, indicating the underlying mechanical or fuelling deviation is too large to compensate.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät regelt einzelne Zylinder fortlaufend nach, um das Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis innerhalb einer Bank anzugleichen (per Ionenstrom- oder zylinderindividueller Lambdaregelung). Für Zylinder 12 hat die Kraftstoff-Einzelkorrektur ihre Software-Grenze erreicht, ohne dass die Balance wiederhergestellt wäre - die mechanische oder einspritzbedingte Abweichung ist zu gross, um sie noch ausregeln zu können."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_12",
        "intake_manifold",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "per_cylinder_lambda_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel injector for cylinder 12 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil Zylinder 12 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "compression_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reduced compression on cylinder 12",
            "de": "Verringerte Kompression an Zylinder 12"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2320",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil G Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule G Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a fault on the secondary side of ignition coil A. The high-voltage spark output is missing or insufficient, leading to misfire on the affected cylinder.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler auf der Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule A. Der Hochspannungs-Zuendfunken fehlt oder ist unzureichend, was an dem betroffenen Zylinder zu Aussetzern fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_g",
        "spark_plug_cyl_g",
        "ignition_secondary_lead"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn, fouled or with excessive electrode gap",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen, verrußt oder mit zu grossem Elektrodenabstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_breakdown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary breakdown inside coil G",
            "de": "Sekundärseitiger Durchschlag in Zündspule G"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2321",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil H Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündspule H Primärsteuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a primary-side control voltage of ignition coil A below the expected level. The coil cannot store sufficient energy to fire the spark plug; misfire on cylinder 1 typically follows.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest auf der Primaerseite der Zuendspule A eine Steuerspannung unterhalb des erwarteten Werts. Die Spule kann nicht genug Energie zur Zuendung speichern; in der Folge tritt typisch ein Aussetzer an Zylinder 1 auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_h",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_h",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding shorted to ground or harness chafed",
            "de": "Primärwicklung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Kabelbaum gescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil H internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber der Zündspule H defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2322",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil H Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündspule H Primärsteuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the primary control of ignition coil A is above the expected limit. Often a short to battery voltage on the primary wire or an open in the coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule A liegt oberhalb des Grenzwerts. Haeufig Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung auf der Primaerleitung oder Unterbrechung in der Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_h",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_h",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in primary winding or harness for coil H",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Primärwicklung oder Kabelbaum der Zündspule H"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2323",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil H Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule H Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a fault on the secondary side of ignition coil A. The high-voltage spark output is missing or insufficient, leading to misfire on the affected cylinder.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler auf der Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule A. Der Hochspannungs-Zuendfunken fehlt oder ist unzureichend, was an dem betroffenen Zylinder zu Aussetzern fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_h",
        "spark_plug_cyl_h",
        "ignition_secondary_lead"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen oder verrußt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_breakdown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary breakdown inside coil H",
            "de": "Sekundärseitiger Durchschlag in Zündspule H"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2324",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil I Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündspule I Primärsteuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a primary-side control voltage of ignition coil A below the expected level. The coil cannot store sufficient energy to fire the spark plug; misfire on cylinder 1 typically follows.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest auf der Primaerseite der Zuendspule A eine Steuerspannung unterhalb des erwarteten Werts. Die Spule kann nicht genug Energie zur Zuendung speichern; in der Folge tritt typisch ein Aussetzer an Zylinder 1 auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_i",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_i",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding shorted to ground or harness chafed",
            "de": "Primärwicklung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Kabelbaum gescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil I internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber der Zündspule I defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2325",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil I Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündspule I Primärsteuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the primary control of ignition coil A is above the expected limit. Often a short to battery voltage on the primary wire or an open in the coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule A liegt oberhalb des Grenzwerts. Haeufig Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung auf der Primaerleitung oder Unterbrechung in der Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_i",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_i",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in primary winding or harness for coil I",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Primärwicklung oder Kabelbaum der Zündspule I"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2326",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil I Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule I Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a fault on the secondary side of ignition coil A. The high-voltage spark output is missing or insufficient, leading to misfire on the affected cylinder.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler auf der Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule A. Der Hochspannungs-Zuendfunken fehlt oder ist unzureichend, was an dem betroffenen Zylinder zu Aussetzern fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_i",
        "spark_plug_cyl_i",
        "ignition_secondary_lead"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen oder verrußt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_breakdown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary breakdown inside coil I",
            "de": "Sekundärseitiger Durchschlag in Zündspule I"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2327",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil J Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündspule J Primärsteuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a primary-side control voltage of ignition coil A below the expected level. The coil cannot store sufficient energy to fire the spark plug; misfire on cylinder 1 typically follows.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest auf der Primaerseite der Zuendspule A eine Steuerspannung unterhalb des erwarteten Werts. Die Spule kann nicht genug Energie zur Zuendung speichern; in der Folge tritt typisch ein Aussetzer an Zylinder 1 auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_j",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_j",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding shorted to ground or harness chafed",
            "de": "Primärwicklung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Kabelbaum gescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil J internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber der Zündspule J defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2328",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil J Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündspule J Primärsteuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the primary control of ignition coil A is above the expected limit. Often a short to battery voltage on the primary wire or an open in the coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule A liegt oberhalb des Grenzwerts. Haeufig Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung auf der Primaerleitung oder Unterbrechung in der Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_j",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_j",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in primary winding or harness for coil J",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Primärwicklung oder Kabelbaum der Zündspule J"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2329",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil J Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule J Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a fault on the secondary side of ignition coil A. The high-voltage spark output is missing or insufficient, leading to misfire on the affected cylinder.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler auf der Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule A. Der Hochspannungs-Zuendfunken fehlt oder ist unzureichend, was an dem betroffenen Zylinder zu Aussetzern fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_j",
        "spark_plug_cyl_j",
        "ignition_secondary_lead"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen oder verrußt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_breakdown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary breakdown inside coil J",
            "de": "Sekundärseitiger Durchschlag in Zündspule J"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P232A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "TCM Request Forced Engine Shutdown",
        "de": "Aufforderung des TCM zum erzwungenen Motorstopp"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission control module (TCM) has requested an emergency engine shutdown over the powertrain bus, typically because it has detected a condition that could damage the gearbox or driveline if engine torque were not removed (e.g. severe overheating, loss of pressure or hydraulic control).",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät (TCM) hat über den Antriebsstrangbus einen Notabstellbefehl an den Motor abgesetzt - meist weil es einen Zustand erkannt hat, der das Getriebe oder den Antriebsstrang ohne sofortige Drehmomentwegnahme schädigen würde (z. B. starke Überhitzung, Druckverlust oder Verlust der Hydraulikregelung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "powertrain_bus",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcm_internal_protection",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM internal protection logic triggered by gearbox condition",
            "de": "Schutzlogik im TCM durch Getriebezustand ausgelöst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_message_invalid",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Invalid or stuck shutdown message on powertrain bus",
            "de": "Fehlerhafte oder hängende Notbotschaft auf dem Antriebsstrangbus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P232B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Einspritzventil A - Offset-Lernwert an unterer Grenze"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector-offset learning routine for fuel injector A on cylinder 11 has driven its correction value to the minimum allowed limit and cannot trim further. This indicates the injector flows significantly less than the calibrated reference - typically due to drift, partial blockage or wiring resistance.",
        "de": "Die Lernroutine für den Mengen-Offset des Einspritzventils A an Zylinder 11 hat ihre Korrektur an die untere Software-Grenze gefahren und kann nicht weiter nachregeln. Das Ventil liefert deutlich weniger als die Sollmenge - meist durch Drift, Teilverstopfung oder Übergangswiderstände in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_11",
        "injector_wiring_cyl_11",
        "injector_learning_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged or coked",
            "de": "Einspritzventil teilverstopft oder verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow rate has drifted low",
            "de": "Einspritzventil gealtert - Durchflussmenge zu gering"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_resistance",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased contact resistance in injector harness",
            "de": "Erhöhter Übergangswiderstand im Einspritz-Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P232C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Einspritzventil A - Offset-Lernwert an oberer Grenze"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector-offset learning routine for fuel injector A on cylinder 11 has driven its correction value to the minimum allowed limit and cannot trim further. This indicates the injector flows significantly less than the calibrated reference - typically due to drift, partial blockage or wiring resistance.",
        "de": "Die Lernroutine für den Mengen-Offset des Einspritzventils A an Zylinder 11 hat ihre Korrektur an die untere Software-Grenze gefahren und kann nicht weiter nachregeln. Das Ventil liefert deutlich weniger als die Sollmenge - meist durch Drift, Teilverstopfung oder Übergangswiderstände in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_11",
        "injector_wiring_cyl_11",
        "injector_learning_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_overflow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaks internally or seat leaking",
            "de": "Einspritzventil leckt intern oder Sitz undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow rate has drifted high",
            "de": "Einspritzventil gealtert - Durchflussmenge zu gross"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P232D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Einspritzventil A - Offset-Lernwert an unterer Grenze"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector-offset learning routine for fuel injector A on cylinder 12 has driven its correction value to the minimum allowed limit and cannot trim further. This indicates the injector flows significantly less than the calibrated reference - typically due to drift, partial blockage or wiring resistance.",
        "de": "Die Lernroutine für den Mengen-Offset des Einspritzventils A an Zylinder 12 hat ihre Korrektur an die untere Software-Grenze gefahren und kann nicht weiter nachregeln. Das Ventil liefert deutlich weniger als die Sollmenge - meist durch Drift, Teilverstopfung oder Übergangswiderstände in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_12",
        "injector_wiring_cyl_12",
        "injector_learning_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged or coked",
            "de": "Einspritzventil teilverstopft oder verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow rate has drifted low",
            "de": "Einspritzventil gealtert - Durchflussmenge zu gering"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P232E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Fuel Injector A Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Einspritzventil A - Offset-Lernwert an oberer Grenze"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector-offset learning routine for fuel injector A on cylinder 12 has driven its correction value to the minimum allowed limit and cannot trim further. This indicates the injector flows significantly less than the calibrated reference - typically due to drift, partial blockage or wiring resistance.",
        "de": "Die Lernroutine für den Mengen-Offset des Einspritzventils A an Zylinder 12 hat ihre Korrektur an die untere Software-Grenze gefahren und kann nicht weiter nachregeln. Das Ventil liefert deutlich weniger als die Sollmenge - meist durch Drift, Teilverstopfung oder Übergangswiderstände in der Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_12",
        "injector_wiring_cyl_12",
        "injector_learning_strategy"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_overflow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaks internally or seat leaking",
            "de": "Einspritzventil leckt intern oder Sitz undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow rate has drifted high",
            "de": "Einspritzventil gealtert - Durchflussmenge zu gross"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P232F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Out of Range During Deceleration Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde ausserhalb des Bereichs bei Schubabschaltung Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During fuel cutoff on overrun the post-catalyst lambda sensor on bank 1 should drift toward a fixed lean reference voltage. If it stays outside the expected window the ECU sets this fault, indicating either a slow or stuck downstream sensor or an exhaust leak that draws unburnt gas across it.",
        "de": "Bei Schubabschaltung sollte die Lambdasonde nach Katalysator an Bank 1 in ein definiertes Magerfenster zurückwandern. Bleibt sie ausserhalb dieses Bereichs, setzt das Steuergerät den Fehler - typischerweise ist die Sonde träge oder hängt, oder ein Abgasleck saugt Frischluft an ihr vorbei."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b1s2",
        "exhaust_after_catalyst_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element slow or aged",
            "de": "Sondensignal träge oder gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak between catalyst and sensor",
            "de": "Abgasleck zwischen Katalysator und Sonde"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring high resistance or chafed",
            "de": "Sondenleitung mit hohem Widerstand oder gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2330",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil K Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündspule K Primärsteuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a primary-side control voltage of ignition coil A below the expected level. The coil cannot store sufficient energy to fire the spark plug; misfire on cylinder 1 typically follows.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest auf der Primaerseite der Zuendspule A eine Steuerspannung unterhalb des erwarteten Werts. Die Spule kann nicht genug Energie zur Zuendung speichern; in der Folge tritt typisch ein Aussetzer an Zylinder 1 auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_k",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_k",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding shorted to ground or harness chafed",
            "de": "Primärwicklung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Kabelbaum gescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil K internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber der Zündspule K defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2331",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil K Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündspule K Primärsteuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the primary control of ignition coil A is above the expected limit. Often a short to battery voltage on the primary wire or an open in the coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule A liegt oberhalb des Grenzwerts. Haeufig Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung auf der Primaerleitung oder Unterbrechung in der Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_k",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_k",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in primary winding or harness for coil K",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Primärwicklung oder Kabelbaum der Zündspule K"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2332",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil K Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule K Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a fault on the secondary side of ignition coil A. The high-voltage spark output is missing or insufficient, leading to misfire on the affected cylinder.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler auf der Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule A. Der Hochspannungs-Zuendfunken fehlt oder ist unzureichend, was an dem betroffenen Zylinder zu Aussetzern fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_k",
        "spark_plug_cyl_k",
        "ignition_secondary_lead"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen oder verrußt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_breakdown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary breakdown inside coil K",
            "de": "Sekundärseitiger Durchschlag in Zündspule K"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2333",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil L Primary Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündspule L Primärsteuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU reads a primary-side control voltage of ignition coil A below the expected level. The coil cannot store sufficient energy to fire the spark plug; misfire on cylinder 1 typically follows.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung liest auf der Primaerseite der Zuendspule A eine Steuerspannung unterhalb des erwarteten Werts. Die Spule kann nicht genug Energie zur Zuendung speichern; in der Folge tritt typisch ein Aussetzer an Zylinder 1 auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_l",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_l",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary winding shorted to ground or harness chafed",
            "de": "Primärwicklung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Kabelbaum gescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil L internal driver fault",
            "de": "Interner Treiber der Zündspule L defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2334",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil L Primary Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündspule L Primärsteuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the primary control of ignition coil A is above the expected limit. Often a short to battery voltage on the primary wire or an open in the coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Primaeransteuerung der Zuendspule A liegt oberhalb des Grenzwerts. Haeufig Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung auf der Primaerleitung oder Unterbrechung in der Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_l",
        "ignition_coil_wiring_l",
        "ignition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in primary winding or harness for coil L",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Primärwicklung oder Kabelbaum der Zündspule L"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2335",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil L Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zündspule L Sekundärkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a fault on the secondary side of ignition coil A. The high-voltage spark output is missing or insufficient, leading to misfire on the affected cylinder.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Fehler auf der Sekundaerseite der Zuendspule A. Der Hochspannungs-Zuendfunken fehlt oder ist unzureichend, was an dem betroffenen Zylinder zu Aussetzern fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_l",
        "spark_plug_cyl_l",
        "ignition_secondary_lead"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug worn or fouled",
            "de": "Zündkerze verschlissen oder verrußt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "secondary_breakdown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary breakdown inside coil L",
            "de": "Sekundärseitiger Durchschlag in Zündspule L"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2336",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Above Knock Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 über Klopfschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock sensor channel for cylinder 1 has registered combustion noise above the calibrated knock threshold beyond what the spark retard map can correct. Often associated with low-octane fuel, EGR malfunction or carbon-induced hot spots.",
        "de": "Der Klopfsensorkanal für Zylinder 1 meldet Verbrennungsgeräusche über der kalibrierten Klopfschwelle, die durch Zündzeitpunkt-Spätverstellung nicht mehr ausgeregelt werden können. Häufig durch zu niedrigoktanigen Kraftstoff, AGR-Fehler oder verkokungsbedingte Glühnester."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_octane_fuel",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low octane fuel used",
            "de": "Zu niedrigoktaniger Kraftstoff getankt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_hot_spots",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits causing pre-ignition",
            "de": "Verkokung mit Glühzündung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_malfunction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR not lowering combustion temperature",
            "de": "AGR senkt Verbrennungstemperatur nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2337",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Above Knock Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 über Klopfschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock sensor channel for cylinder 2 has registered combustion noise above the calibrated knock threshold beyond what the spark retard map can correct. Often associated with low-octane fuel, EGR malfunction or carbon-induced hot spots.",
        "de": "Der Klopfsensorkanal für Zylinder 2 meldet Verbrennungsgeräusche über der kalibrierten Klopfschwelle, die durch Zündzeitpunkt-Spätverstellung nicht mehr ausgeregelt werden können. Häufig durch zu niedrigoktanigen Kraftstoff, AGR-Fehler oder verkokungsbedingte Glühnester."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_octane_fuel",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low octane fuel used",
            "de": "Zu niedrigoktaniger Kraftstoff getankt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_hot_spots",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits causing pre-ignition",
            "de": "Verkokung mit Glühzündung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2336"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2338",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Above Knock Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 über Klopfschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock sensor channel for cylinder 3 has registered combustion noise above the calibrated knock threshold beyond what the spark retard map can correct. Often associated with low-octane fuel, EGR malfunction or carbon-induced hot spots.",
        "de": "Der Klopfsensorkanal für Zylinder 3 meldet Verbrennungsgeräusche über der kalibrierten Klopfschwelle, die durch Zündzeitpunkt-Spätverstellung nicht mehr ausgeregelt werden können. Häufig durch zu niedrigoktanigen Kraftstoff, AGR-Fehler oder verkokungsbedingte Glühnester."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_octane_fuel",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low octane fuel used",
            "de": "Zu niedrigoktaniger Kraftstoff getankt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_hot_spots",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits causing pre-ignition",
            "de": "Verkokung mit Glühzündung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2336"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2339",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Above Knock Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 über Klopfschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock sensor channel for cylinder 4 has registered combustion noise above the calibrated knock threshold beyond what the spark retard map can correct. Often associated with low-octane fuel, EGR malfunction or carbon-induced hot spots.",
        "de": "Der Klopfsensorkanal für Zylinder 4 meldet Verbrennungsgeräusche über der kalibrierten Klopfschwelle, die durch Zündzeitpunkt-Spätverstellung nicht mehr ausgeregelt werden können. Häufig durch zu niedrigoktanigen Kraftstoff, AGR-Fehler oder verkokungsbedingte Glühnester."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_octane_fuel",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low octane fuel used",
            "de": "Zu niedrigoktaniger Kraftstoff getankt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_hot_spots",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits causing pre-ignition",
            "de": "Verkokung mit Glühzündung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2336"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P233A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator C Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler C Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an open circuit on the control line for the third (C) fuel pressure regulator. Either the regulator solenoid coil is internally open, the harness is broken, or the connector has lost contact - the ECU cannot drive the regulator and rail pressure cannot be controlled by this stage.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung auf der Steuerleitung des dritten Kraftstoffdruckreglers (C). Entweder ist die Magnetspule innen offen, der Kabelbaum gerissen oder der Stecker hat keinen Kontakt - der Regler kann nicht angesteuert werden und der Raildruck lässt sich über diese Stufe nicht regeln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_c",
        "fuel_rail",
        "fuel_pump_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in harness or connector",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum oder Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Wicklung der Reglermagnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P233B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler C Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P233A but with the control line shorted to ground - the ECU measures a low voltage that does not match the commanded duty cycle.",
        "de": "Wie P233A, die Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen - das Steuergerät misst eine zu niedrige Spannung, die nicht zum angeforderten Tastverhältnis passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_c",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator solenoid shorted internally",
            "de": "Reglermagnetspule innen kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P233C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler C Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P233A but with the control line shorted to supply - the ECU measures a high voltage that does not match the commanded duty cycle.",
        "de": "Wie P233A, die Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen - das Steuergerät misst eine zu hohe Spannung, die nicht zum angeforderten Tastverhältnis passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_c",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to battery or supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Batterie oder Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P233D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator B Solenoid Supply Voltage Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler B - Versorgungsspannung des Magneten - Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply line that powers the solenoid of fuel pressure regulator B is open. Without supply the regulator cannot operate and the ECU cannot maintain rail pressure on this stage; sets when the controller sees no current flow even with the solenoid commanded on.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsleitung, die den Magneten des Kraftstoffdruckreglers B speist, ist unterbrochen. Ohne Versorgung kann der Regler nicht arbeiten und das Steuergerät kann den Raildruck über diese Stufe nicht halten; der Code setzt, wenn trotz Ansteuerung kein Stromfluss messbar ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_b",
        "regulator_b_supply_relay",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line open or relay defective",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung offen oder Relais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuse for regulator B supply blown",
            "de": "Sicherung für Reglerversorgung B ausgelöst"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P233E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator B Solenoid Supply Voltage Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler B - Versorgungsspannung des Magneten - Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply line that powers the solenoid of fuel pressure regulator B is below the expected voltage with the regulator commanded active - typically a high-resistance feed, partial short to ground or weak relay contact.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsleitung des Magneten von Kraftstoffdruckregler B liegt bei aktiver Ansteuerung unterhalb der Sollspannung - meist ein hochohmiger Zuleiter, ein Teilkurzschluss gegen Masse oder ein schwacher Relaiskontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_b",
        "regulator_b_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feed_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply feed has high contact resistance",
            "de": "Zuleitung hat erhöhten Übergangswiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground_partial",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial short to ground on supply line",
            "de": "Teilkurzschluss der Versorgungsleitung gegen Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P233F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator B Solenoid Supply Voltage Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler B - Versorgungsspannung des Magneten - Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P233D but with the supply line shorted to a higher potential than expected, so the ECU measures more voltage on the regulator B feed than the commanded level allows.",
        "de": "Wie P233D, die Versorgungsleitung gegen ein höheres Potenzial kurzgeschlossen, sodass das Steuergerät an der Versorgung des Reglers B mehr Spannung misst, als die Ansteuerung zulässt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_b",
        "regulator_b_supply_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line shorted to a higher voltage rail",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit höherer Spannungsschiene kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply relay contact welded closed",
            "de": "Versorgungsrelais hängt geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2340",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Above Knock Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 über Klopfschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock-sensor evaluation reports cylinder 5 above the knock threshold over a sustained window. The ECU retards ignition for that cylinder; persistent knock indicates poor fuel quality, carbon deposits or cooling issues.",
        "de": "Die Klopfsensorauswertung meldet Zylinder 5 über einen längeren Zeitraum oberhalb der Klopfschwelle. Die Motorsteuerung verzögert die Zündung an diesem Zylinder; dauerhaftes Klopfen weist auf schlechte Kraftstoffqualität, Verkokung oder Kühlprobleme hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "cylinder_5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality_poor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low octane or contaminated fuel",
            "de": "Zu niedrige Oktanzahl oder verunreinigter Kraftstoff"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_deposits",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits raise compression locally",
            "de": "Verkokung erhöht lokal die Verdichtung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_local",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local cooling issue at cylinder 5",
            "de": "Örtliches Kühlproblem an Zylinder 5"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2341",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Above Knock Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 über Klopfschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as P2340 but on cylinder 6 — sustained knock above the threshold with retarded ignition correction.",
        "de": "Gleicher Zustand wie bei P2340, aber an Zylinder 6 — anhaltendes Klopfen oberhalb der Schwelle mit Spätverstellung der Zündung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "cylinder_6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality_poor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low octane or contaminated fuel",
            "de": "Zu niedrige Oktanzahl oder verunreinigter Kraftstoff"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_deposits",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits raise compression locally",
            "de": "Verkokung erhöht lokal die Verdichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2340"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2342",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Above Knock Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 über Klopfschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sustained knock above the threshold on cylinder 7 — usual causes are fuel quality, carbon deposits, or cooling issues at this cylinder.",
        "de": "Anhaltendes Klopfen oberhalb der Schwelle an Zylinder 7 — übliche Ursachen sind Kraftstoffqualität, Verkokung oder Kühlprobleme an diesem Zylinder."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "cylinder_7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality_poor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low octane or contaminated fuel",
            "de": "Zu niedrige Oktanzahl oder verunreinigter Kraftstoff"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_deposits",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits raise compression locally",
            "de": "Verkokung erhöht lokal die Verdichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2340"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2343",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Above Knock Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 über Klopfschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sustained knock above the threshold on cylinder 8 — typical on V8 engines under load with poor fuel.",
        "de": "Anhaltendes Klopfen oberhalb der Schwelle an Zylinder 8 — typisch bei V8-Motoren unter Last mit schlechtem Kraftstoff."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "cylinder_8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality_poor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low octane or contaminated fuel",
            "de": "Zu niedrige Oktanzahl oder verunreinigter Kraftstoff"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_deposits",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits raise compression locally",
            "de": "Verkokung erhöht lokal die Verdichtung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2340"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2344",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Above Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 oberhalb der Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrations-Sensorschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock or combustion-vibration sensor monitors the structure-borne noise of each cylinder. The signal level for cylinder 9 has stayed above the diagnostic threshold for an extended period, indicating either persistent knock or an electrical fault that biases the channel high.",
        "de": "Der Klopf- oder Verbrennungsvibrationssensor überwacht das Körperschall-Niveau jedes Zylinders. Für Zylinder 9 liegt der Signalpegel über längere Zeit oberhalb der Diagnoseschwelle - entweder klopft der Zylinder dauerhaft oder ein elektrischer Fehler hebt den Kanal an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "knock_sensor_wiring",
        "fuel_octane_quality",
        "cylinder_9_combustion"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "persistent_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent knocking on cylinder 9 (low-octane fuel, carbon deposits, hot spot)",
            "de": "Anhaltendes Klopfen an Zylinder 9 (zu niedrige Oktanzahl, Verkokung, Hotspot)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_signal_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or wiring biased high by short or moisture",
            "de": "Sensor oder Verkabelung durch Kurzschluss oder Feuchtigkeit hochgezogen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mechanical_noise",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical knock from bearings, piston pin or wrong torque",
            "de": "Mechanisches Klopfgeräusch durch Lager, Kolbenbolzen oder falsches Anzugsmoment"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_knocking"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2345",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Above Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 oberhalb der Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrations-Sensorschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock or combustion-vibration sensor monitors the structure-borne noise of each cylinder. The signal level for cylinder 10 has stayed above the diagnostic threshold for an extended period, indicating either persistent knock or an electrical fault that biases the channel high.",
        "de": "Der Klopf- oder Verbrennungsvibrationssensor überwacht das Körperschall-Niveau jedes Zylinders. Für Zylinder 10 liegt der Signalpegel über längere Zeit oberhalb der Diagnoseschwelle - entweder klopft der Zylinder dauerhaft oder ein elektrischer Fehler hebt den Kanal an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "knock_sensor_wiring",
        "cylinder_10_combustion"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "persistent_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent knocking on cylinder 10",
            "de": "Anhaltendes Klopfen an Zylinder 10"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_signal_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or wiring biased high",
            "de": "Sensor oder Verkabelung mit zu hohem Pegel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2346",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Above Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 oberhalb der Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrations-Sensorschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock or combustion-vibration sensor monitors the structure-borne noise of each cylinder. The signal level for cylinder 11 has stayed above the diagnostic threshold for an extended period, indicating either persistent knock or an electrical fault that biases the channel high.",
        "de": "Der Klopf- oder Verbrennungsvibrationssensor überwacht das Körperschall-Niveau jedes Zylinders. Für Zylinder 11 liegt der Signalpegel über längere Zeit oberhalb der Diagnoseschwelle - entweder klopft der Zylinder dauerhaft oder ein elektrischer Fehler hebt den Kanal an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "knock_sensor_wiring",
        "cylinder_11_combustion"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "persistent_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent knocking on cylinder 11",
            "de": "Anhaltendes Klopfen an Zylinder 11"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_signal_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or wiring biased high",
            "de": "Sensor oder Verkabelung mit zu hohem Pegel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2347",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Above Knock/Combustion Vibration Sensor Threshold",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 oberhalb der Klopf-/Verbrennungsvibrations-Sensorschwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The knock or combustion-vibration sensor monitors the structure-borne noise of each cylinder. The signal level for cylinder 12 has stayed above the diagnostic threshold for an extended period, indicating either persistent knock or an electrical fault that biases the channel high.",
        "de": "Der Klopf- oder Verbrennungsvibrationssensor überwacht das Körperschall-Niveau jedes Zylinders. Für Zylinder 12 liegt der Signalpegel über längere Zeit oberhalb der Diagnoseschwelle - entweder klopft der Zylinder dauerhaft oder ein elektrischer Fehler hebt den Kanal an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "knock_sensor",
        "knock_sensor_wiring",
        "cylinder_12_combustion"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "persistent_knock",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent knocking on cylinder 12",
            "de": "Anhaltendes Klopfen an Zylinder 12"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_signal_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor or wiring biased high",
            "de": "Sensor oder Verkabelung mit zu hohem Pegel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2348",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 9 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 9 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_9",
        "cylinder_pressure_wiring_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or oxidised",
            "de": "Stecker lose oder oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2349",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Drucksensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_implausible",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal implausible against engine model",
            "de": "Sensorsignal passt nicht zum Motor-Modell"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P234A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Drucksensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P234B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Drucksensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P234C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Drucksensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_9",
        "cylinder_pressure_wiring_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector or terminal",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt an Stecker oder Terminal"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed - intermittent short",
            "de": "Kabelbaum gescheuert - sporadischer Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P234D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 9 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_9_combustion",
        "cylinder_compression",
        "fuel_injector_cyl_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 9 (valves, rings, head gasket)",
            "de": "Geringe Kompression an Zylinder 9 (Ventile, Kolbenringe, Zylinderkopfdichtung)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_low_flow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow too low",
            "de": "Einspritzmenge zu gering"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P234E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 9 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_9_combustion",
        "fuel_injector_cyl_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_overflow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector overdelivery on cylinder 9",
            "de": "Einspritzventil fördert zu viel an Zylinder 9"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pre_ignition",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pre-ignition or knock",
            "de": "Vorzündung oder Klopfen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P234F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Pressure Variation Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Druckvariation - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 9 is below the calibrated minimum — pressure stays unusually constant cycle-to-cycle, often a sign that the closed-loop combustion controller has lost authority or the sensor signal is filtered.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 9 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — der Druck bleibt ungewöhnlich konstant, oft Hinweis darauf, dass die Verbrennungsregelung die Autorität verloren hat oder das Sensorsignal gefiltert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_9_combustion",
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "combustion_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak combustion - low cycle-to-cycle variation",
            "de": "Schwache Verbrennung - geringe Variation zwischen den Arbeitsspielen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_low_signal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor signal amplitude low",
            "de": "Drucksensor-Signalamplitude zu klein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2350",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Druckvariation - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 9 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 9 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_9_combustion",
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rough_combustion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rough combustion - excessive cycle-to-cycle variation",
            "de": "Unrunde Verbrennung - hohe Variation zwischen den Arbeitsspielen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector intermittent on cylinder 9",
            "de": "Einspritzventil aussetzend an Zylinder 9"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2351",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 9 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 9 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_9_combustion",
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_9",
        "fuel_injector_cyl_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "combustion_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mean effective pressure outside model",
            "de": "Mittlerer effektiver Druck weicht vom Modell ab"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow has drifted",
            "de": "Einspritzmenge hat sich verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2352",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 10 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 10 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2353",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Drucksensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_implausible",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal implausible against engine model",
            "de": "Sensorsignal passt nicht zum Motor-Modell"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2354",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Drucksensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2355",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Drucksensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2356",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Drucksensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2357",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 10 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_10_combustion",
        "cylinder_compression"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 10",
            "de": "Geringe Kompression an Zylinder 10"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2358",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 10 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_10_combustion"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_overflow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector overdelivery on cylinder 10",
            "de": "Einspritzventil fördert zu viel an Zylinder 10"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2359",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil L Secondary Circuit",
        "de": "Zuendspule L Sekundaerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a secondary-circuit fault on ignition coil L (cylinder 12 on a V12 or another high-numbered cylinder). The cylinder will misfire if the spark output is insufficient.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen Sekundaerkreisfehler an Zuendspule L (Zylinder 12 bei einem V12 oder einem anderen hochnummerierten Zylinder). Bei unzureichender Zuendung kommt es zu Aussetzern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil",
        "spark_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_spark_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn spark plug",
            "de": "Verschlissene Zuendkerze"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_secondary_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil secondary failure",
            "de": "Defekt der Sekundaerwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_coil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P235A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Druckvariation - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 10 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 10 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_10_combustion",
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rough_combustion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rough combustion - excessive variation",
            "de": "Unrunde Verbrennung - hohe Variation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P235B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 10 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 10 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_10_combustion",
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "combustion_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mean effective pressure outside model",
            "de": "Mittlerer effektiver Druck weicht vom Modell ab"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P235C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 11 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 11 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P235D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Drucksensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_implausible",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal implausible against engine model",
            "de": "Sensorsignal passt nicht zum Motor-Modell"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P235E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Drucksensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P235F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Drucksensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2360",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Drucksensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2361",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 11 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_11_combustion",
        "cylinder_compression"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 11",
            "de": "Geringe Kompression an Zylinder 11"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2362",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Module Control Module Power Circuit Low",
        "de": "Vorgluehzeitsteuergeraet Versorgungs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The diesel glow plug control module reports a power-supply voltage below the operating threshold. Glow plug heating may be partially or fully disabled, causing hard cold start.",
        "de": "Das Vorgluehzeitsteuergeraet meldet eine Versorgungsspannung unter dem Betriebsschwellenwert. Die Gluehkerzenheizung kann teilweise oder ganz deaktiviert sein, was zu schlechtem Kaltstart fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module",
        "glow_plug_relay",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery / poor charging",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie / mangelhafte Ladung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "gpm_supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage drop in module supply",
            "de": "Spannungsabfall in der Modul-Versorgung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2363",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Module Control Module Power Circuit High",
        "de": "Vorgluehzeitsteuergeraet Versorgungs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage at the glow plug control module supply line is above the upper threshold. Indicates wiring or charging-system overvoltage condition.",
        "de": "Die Spannung an der Versorgungsleitung des Vorgluehzeitsteuergeraets liegt oberhalb des oberen Schwellenwerts. Hinweis auf Verkabelungsfehler oder Ueberspannung im Ladesystem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module",
        "alternator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "overcharge",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging system overvoltage",
            "de": "Ueberspannung im Ladesystem"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2364",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Druckvariation - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 11 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 11 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_11_combustion",
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rough_combustion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rough combustion - excessive variation",
            "de": "Unrunde Verbrennung - hohe Variation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2365",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 11 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 11 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_11_combustion",
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "combustion_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mean effective pressure outside model",
            "de": "Mittlerer effektiver Druck weicht vom Modell ab"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2366",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the cylinder 12 combustion pressure sensor — used on engines with closed-loop combustion control (e.g. some Volvo and BMW direct-injection diesels) to measure cylinder pressure directly via a sensor at the glow plug or injector position.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Brennraumdrucksensor von Zylinder 12 — eingesetzt bei Motoren mit geschlossener Verbrennungsregelung (z. B. einige Volvo- und BMW-Diesel-Direkteinspritzer) zur direkten Brennraumdruckmessung am Glühkerzen- oder Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2367",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Drucksensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 pressure sensor reads in range but plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Brennraumdrucksensor liegt im Bereich, scheitert aber an Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_implausible",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal implausible against engine model",
            "de": "Sensorsignal passt nicht zum Motor-Modell"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2368",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Drucksensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 pressure sensor below lower plausibility — short to ground.",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Brennraumdrucksensor unter unterer Plausibilität — Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2369",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Drucksensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 pressure sensor above upper plausibility — open signal or short to B+.",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Brennraumdrucksensor über oberer Plausibilität — offenes Signal oder Kurzschluss nach Plus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P236A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Drucksensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 pressure sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — connector or wiring issue.",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Brennraumdrucksensorsignal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus — Stecker- oder Kabelbaumproblem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P236B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 measured peak combustion pressure is below the calibrated minimum — typically low compression, weak injection, or stuck-open exhaust valve.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 12 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — meist niedrige Kompression, schwache Einspritzung oder offen festsitzendes Auslassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_12_combustion",
        "cylinder_compression"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_compression",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low compression on cylinder 12",
            "de": "Geringe Kompression an Zylinder 12"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P236C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 measured peak combustion pressure is above the calibrated maximum — typically pre-ignition, knock, over-fuelling, or runaway combustion.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Spitzendruck im Brennraum von Zylinder 12 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — meist Vorzündung, Klopfen, Überfettung oder ausser Kontrolle geratene Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_12_combustion"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_overflow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector overdelivery on cylinder 12",
            "de": "Einspritzventil fördert zu viel an Zylinder 12"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P236D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Pressure Variation Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Druckvariation - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 12 is below the calibrated minimum — pressure stays unusually constant cycle-to-cycle, often a sign that the closed-loop combustion controller has lost authority or the sensor signal is filtered.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 12 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum — der Druck bleibt ungewöhnlich konstant, oft Hinweis darauf, dass die Verbrennungsregelung die Autorität verloren hat oder das Sensorsignal gefiltert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_12_combustion",
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "combustion_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak combustion - low cycle-to-cycle variation",
            "de": "Schwache Verbrennung - geringe Variation zwischen den Arbeitsspielen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P236E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Pressure Variation High",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Druckvariation - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder-to-cylinder pressure variation on cylinder 12 is above the calibrated maximum — combustion is unstable cycle-to-cycle, typical of partial misfire or injector seat erosion.",
        "de": "Die Zyklus-Variation des Brennraumdrucks an Zylinder 12 liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum — Verbrennung ist instabil, typisch für teilweise Aussetzer oder erodierten Injektorsitz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_12_combustion",
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rough_combustion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rough combustion - excessive variation",
            "de": "Unrunde Verbrennung - hohe Variation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P236F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Combustion Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Verbrennungsleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The closed-loop combustion controller reports that combustion performance on cylinder 12 is below the calibrated quality metric. Computed from the cylinder pressure trace — IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure), CA50 (50% mass burnt angle) or peak pressure deviates from the model.",
        "de": "Der geschlossene Verbrennungsregler meldet, dass die Verbrennungsqualität an Zylinder 12 unter dem Kalibrierwert liegt. Berechnet aus dem Zylinderdruckverlauf — IMEP (indizierter Mitteldruck), CA50 (50% Massenanteil verbrannt) oder Spitzendruck weichen vom Modell ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_12_combustion",
        "cylinder_pressure_sensor_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "combustion_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mean effective pressure outside model",
            "de": "Mittlerer effektiver Druck weicht vom Modell ab"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2370",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator B Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Mengenregler B Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An open circuit is detected on the control line for the second fuel volume regulator (B) used on twin high-pressure-pump diesel systems. Without this regulator the high-pressure pump cannot meter fuel for its assigned cylinder bank, leading to rail-pressure faults and limp-home behaviour.",
        "de": "Auf der Steuerleitung des zweiten Kraftstoff-Mengenreglers (B) - bei Doppelhochdruckpumpen-Diesel-Systemen - liegt eine Unterbrechung vor. Ohne diesen Regler kann die Hochdruckpumpe den Kraftstoff für ihre Zylinderbank nicht mehr dosieren, was zu Raildruckfehlern und Notlauf führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_volume_regulator_b",
        "high_pressure_pump_b",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in harness or connector to regulator B",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum oder Stecker des Reglers B"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator solenoid winding open",
            "de": "Wicklung der Reglermagnetspule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2371",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator B Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Mengenregler B Steuerkreis - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU sees implausible feedback on the control loop for fuel volume regulator B - duty cycle does not match measured rail pressure response. The regulator either reacts too slowly, sticks, or has shifted from its calibration.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erhält unplausible Rückmeldungen aus dem Regelkreis des Kraftstoff-Mengenreglers B - Tastverhältnis und Raildruckantwort passen nicht zusammen. Der Regler reagiert träge, hängt oder hat seine Kennlinie verschoben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_volume_regulator_b",
        "high_pressure_pump_b",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_sticking",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stem sticking due to debris or wear",
            "de": "Reglerschaft hängt durch Schmutz oder Verschleiss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-pressure pump wear changes regulator response",
            "de": "Verschleiss der Hochdruckpumpe verändert das Reglerverhalten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2372",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Mengenregler B Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2370 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P2370, die Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_volume_regulator_b",
        "high_pressure_pump_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator solenoid shorted internally",
            "de": "Reglermagnet innen kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2373",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Volume Regulator B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Mengenregler B Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2370 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P2370, die Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_volume_regulator_b",
        "high_pressure_pump_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to battery or supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2374",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Inlet Pressure Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader Einlassdrucksensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pressure sensor at the inlet of the second turbocharger (B) - on twin-turbo or sequential-turbo systems - is reporting a circuit fault. The ECU cannot determine inlet pressure and falls back to a substitute value, which limits boost control accuracy on this stage.",
        "de": "Der Drucksensor am Eingang des zweiten Turboladers (B) - bei Bi-Turbo- oder Registeraufladungssystemen - meldet einen Stromkreisfehler. Das Steuergerät kann den Eingangsdruck nicht bestimmen und greift auf einen Ersatzwert zurück, was die Ladedruckregelung dieser Stufe einschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_b",
        "turbocharger_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal, supply or ground",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Signal, Versorgung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded by underhood moisture",
            "de": "Stecker durch Feuchtigkeit im Motorraum korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2375",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Inlet Pressure Sensor B Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader Einlassdrucksensor B Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2374 but with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model under boost.",
        "de": "Wie P2374, liegt das Signal innerhalb des plausiblen Bereichs, passt aber unter Ladedruck nicht zum Motor-Modell."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_b",
        "turbocharger_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hose_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference hose blocked or kinked",
            "de": "Druckschlauch verstopft oder geknickt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2376",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Inlet Pressure Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Einlassdrucksensor B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2374 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P2374, liegt die Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2377",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Inlet Pressure Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader Einlassdrucksensor B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2374 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P2374, liegt die Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2378",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Inlet Pressure Sensor B Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader Einlassdrucksensor B Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2374 but the signal is intermittent or has spikes that the ECU cannot reconcile - typically a wiring or connector fault.",
        "de": "Wie P2374, ist das Signal aussetzend oder hat Spitzen, die das Steuergerät nicht abgleichen kann - meist ein Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_b",
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_wiring_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector or terminal",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt an Stecker oder Terminal"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed or pinched",
            "de": "Kabelbaum gescheuert oder gequetscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2379",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Out of Range During Deceleration Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde ausserhalb des Bereichs bei Schubabschaltung Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During fuel cutoff on overrun the post-catalyst lambda sensor on bank 2 should drift toward a fixed lean reference voltage. If it stays outside the expected window the ECU sets this fault, indicating either a slow or stuck downstream sensor or an exhaust leak that draws unburnt gas across it.",
        "de": "Bei Schubabschaltung sollte die Lambdasonde nach Katalysator an Bank 2 in ein definiertes Magerfenster zurückwandern. Bleibt sie ausserhalb dieses Bereichs, setzt das Steuergerät den Fehler - typischerweise ist die Sonde träge oder hängt, oder ein Abgasleck saugt Frischluft an ihr vorbei."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b2s2",
        "exhaust_after_catalyst_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element slow or aged",
            "de": "Sondensignal träge oder gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak between catalyst and sensor",
            "de": "Abgasleck zwischen Katalysator und Sonde"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P237A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Exhaust Sample Error Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Abgas-Abtastfehler Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The post-catalyst lambda sensor on bank 1 cannot acquire a valid exhaust sample - the signal does not respond to the expected exhaust composition during the diagnostic window. Typical causes are a fouled sensing element, a clogged sensor body or an installation leak that bypasses exhaust around the sensor.",
        "de": "Die Lambdasonde nach Katalysator an Bank 1 kann keine gültige Abgasprobe ermitteln - das Signal reagiert während des Diagnosefensters nicht auf die erwartete Abgaszusammensetzung. Typisch sind ein verrußtes Messelement, ein verstopfter Sondenkörper oder ein Einbau-Leck, das Abgas an der Sonde vorbeiführt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b1s2",
        "exhaust_after_catalyst_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensing element or protective tube fouled with soot, oil or coolant",
            "de": "Messelement oder Schutzrohr durch Russ, Öl oder Kühlmittel verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "install_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor seal or thread leaks - bypass air dilutes sample",
            "de": "Sondendichtung oder -gewinde leckt - Falschluft verfälscht Probe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P237B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Exhaust Sample Error Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Abgas-Abtastfehler Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The post-catalyst lambda sensor on bank 2 cannot acquire a valid exhaust sample - the signal does not respond to the expected exhaust composition during the diagnostic window. Typical causes are a fouled sensing element, a clogged sensor body or an installation leak that bypasses exhaust around the sensor.",
        "de": "Die Lambdasonde nach Katalysator an Bank 2 kann keine gültige Abgasprobe ermitteln - das Signal reagiert während des Diagnosefensters nicht auf die erwartete Abgaszusammensetzung. Typisch sind ein verrußtes Messelement, ein verstopfter Sondenkörper oder ein Einbau-Leck, das Abgas an der Sonde vorbeiführt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b2s2",
        "exhaust_after_catalyst_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensing element or protective tube fouled",
            "de": "Messelement oder Schutzrohr verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "install_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor seal leaks - bypass air dilutes sample",
            "de": "Sondendichtung leckt - Falschluft verfälscht Probe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P237C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve A Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil A Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An open circuit is detected on the control line for the bypass flap A of the exhaust heat exchanger. This valve directs exhaust either through the heat exchanger (cold start, fast warm-up) or around it (normal operation). Without working control the warm-up strategy is impaired and emissions during cold start increase.",
        "de": "Auf der Steuerleitung der Bypass-Klappe A des Abgaswärmetauschers ist eine Unterbrechung erkannt worden. Diese Klappe leitet Abgas entweder durch den Wärmetauscher (Kaltstart, schnelles Aufwärmen) oder daran vorbei (Normalbetrieb). Ohne funktionierende Ansteuerung ist die Warmlaufstrategie gestört und die Kaltstartemissionen steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_heat_exchanger",
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_a",
        "exhaust_heat_recovery_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in harness or connector",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum oder Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator solenoid or motor winding open",
            "de": "Wicklung des Stellglieds unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P237D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil A Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P237C with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P237C, die Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_a",
        "exhaust_heat_recovery_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P237E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil A Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P237C with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P237C, die Steuerleitung gegen die Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_a",
        "exhaust_heat_recovery_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P237F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve A Control Performance",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil A - Steuerfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bypass flap A of the exhaust heat exchanger does not move as commanded - the position feedback or downstream temperature does not respond to the control demand. The flap is mechanically stuck, the actuator gearing is worn, or the position sensor is offset.",
        "de": "Die Bypass-Klappe A des Abgaswärmetauschers bewegt sich nicht entsprechend der Vorgabe - Lagerückmeldung oder nachgelagerte Temperatur reagieren nicht auf den Stellbefehl. Die Klappe sitzt mechanisch fest, das Stellgetriebe ist verschlissen oder der Positionssensor hat einen Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_a",
        "exhaust_bypass_position_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "flap_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Flap stuck due to soot or carbon deposits",
            "de": "Klappe durch Russ oder Verkokung blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_gearing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator gearing worn or slipping",
            "de": "Stellgetriebe verschlissen oder rutscht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "position_sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor offset against actual flap angle",
            "de": "Lagesensor weist Offset gegenüber tatsächlichem Klappenwinkel auf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2380",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wait to Start Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Vorgluehkontrollleuchte Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault on the wait-to-start indicator output of the diesel preheat system. The driver may not get a correct preheat indication.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Ausgang fuer die Vorgluehkontrollleuchte des Dieselsystems. Der Fahrer erhaelt moeglicherweise keine korrekte Vorgluehanzeige."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wait_to_start_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Indicator bulb / LED failure",
            "de": "Defekte Kontrollleuchte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault to instrument cluster",
            "de": "Leitungsfehler zum Kombiinstrument"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2381",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor D Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor D Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth exhaust-gas recirculation sensor (D) reports a circuit voltage above the plausible upper limit. The ECU loses one of its EGR feedback channels and falls back to a substitute value, which limits EGR rate accuracy and emissions performance.",
        "de": "Der vierte Abgasrückführungssensor (D) liefert eine Stromkreisspannung oberhalb des plausiblen oberen Bereichs. Damit fehlt dem Steuergerät einer der AGR-Rückführungskanäle; es greift auf einen Ersatzwert zurück, was die AGR-Regelung und die Emissionsleistung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_d",
        "egr_sensor_wiring_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2382",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor D Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor D Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2381 but with the signal voltage below the plausible lower limit - typically the signal line shorted to ground or an internal sensor short.",
        "de": "Wie P2381, liegt die Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen unteren Bereichs - meist Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder interner Sensorkurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_d",
        "egr_sensor_wiring_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2383",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor D Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor D Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2381 but with the signal in plausible voltage range yet not matching the engine model - drift, partial blockage of the reference port, or a slow sensor.",
        "de": "Wie P2381, liegt das Signal im plausiblen Spannungsbereich, passt aber nicht zum Motor-Modell - Drift, teilweise Verstopfung am Referenzanschluss oder ein träger Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "port_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference port partially blocked by soot",
            "de": "Referenzanschluss teilweise mit Russ verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2384",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor D Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor D Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2381 but the signal is intermittent - typically a connector or harness fault.",
        "de": "Wie P2381, ist das Signal aussetzend - meist Stecker- oder Kabelbaumfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_d",
        "egr_sensor_wiring_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector or terminal",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt an Stecker oder Terminal"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed or pinched",
            "de": "Kabelbaum gescheuert oder gequetscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2385",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor E Circuit",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor E Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A circuit fault is detected on the fifth exhaust-gas recirculation sensor (E). The ECU loses this EGR feedback channel and falls back to a substitute value; emissions and EGR rate accuracy on this stage are reduced until repair.",
        "de": "An dem fünften Abgasrückführungssensor (E) wird ein Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das Steuergerät verliert diesen AGR-Rückführungskanal und greift auf einen Ersatzwert zurück; bis zur Reparatur sind Emissionen und AGR-Regelung dieser Stufe eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_e",
        "egr_sensor_wiring_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal, supply or ground",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Signal, Versorgung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded or contaminated",
            "de": "Stecker korrodiert oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2386",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor E Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor E Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth exhaust-gas recirculation sensor (D) reports a circuit voltage above the plausible upper limit. The ECU loses one of its EGR feedback channels and falls back to a substitute value, which limits EGR rate accuracy and emissions performance.",
        "de": "Der vierte Abgasrückführungssensor (D) liefert eine Stromkreisspannung oberhalb des plausiblen oberen Bereichs. Damit fehlt dem Steuergerät einer der AGR-Rückführungskanäle; es greift auf einen Ersatzwert zurück, was die AGR-Regelung und die Emissionsleistung beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2387",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor E Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor E Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2382 on EGR sensor E.",
        "de": "Wie P2382, an AGR-Sensor E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2388",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor E Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor E Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2383 on EGR sensor E.",
        "de": "Wie P2383, an AGR-Sensor E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2389",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Sensor E Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "AGR-Sensor E Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2384 on EGR sensor E.",
        "de": "Wie P2384, an AGR-Sensor E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_e",
        "egr_sensor_wiring_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P238A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the secondary water-in-fuel sensor B - typically used on diesel systems with two filter housings (pre-pump and post-pump). The ECU loses water-detection feedback on this stage; risk of water reaching the high-pressure pump and injectors.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am sekundären Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor B - meist bei Diesel-Systemen mit zwei Filtergehäusen (vor und nach der Pumpe) eingesetzt. Das Steuergerät verliert die Wasserdetektion an dieser Stufe; Risiko, dass Wasser bis zur Hochdruckpumpe und den Einspritzventilen gelangt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor_b",
        "fuel_filter_housing_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P238B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Sensor B Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor B Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P238A with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P238A, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P238C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P238A with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P238A, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P238D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P238A with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P238A, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P238E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Sensor B Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P238A with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P238A, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor_b",
        "water_in_fuel_wiring_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P238F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Water in Fuel Condition Sensor B",
        "de": "Wasser-im-Kraftstoff-Zustand - Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor B reports water in the fuel filter housing - drain the water trap immediately. Continued operation may cause damage to the high-pressure pump and injectors.",
        "de": "Sensor B meldet Wasser im Kraftstofffilter - das Wasserabscheider-Gefäss umgehend entleeren. Weiterer Betrieb kann Hochdruckpumpe und Einspritzventile schädigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "water_in_fuel_sensor_b",
        "fuel_filter_housing_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "water_collected",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water has collected in the filter trap",
            "de": "Wasser hat sich im Filter gesammelt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          0.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2390",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Long-term plausibility checks show that the front oxygen sensor on bank 1 reacts too slowly or stays too close to a fixed value. The signal does not show normal cross-counts during closed-loop operation.",
        "de": "Langzeit-Plausibilitaetspruefungen zeigen, dass die vordere Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 zu langsam reagiert oder zu lange auf einem festen Wert verharrt. Im Lambdaregelkreis fehlen die ueblichen Wechsel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b",
        "diesel_intake_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Stellglied oder Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2391",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Control Performance",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2390 with the actuator electrically intact yet not delivering the commanded position - sticky valve, broken linkage, or position offset.",
        "de": "Wie P2390, mit elektrisch intaktem Stellglied, das aber die geforderte Position nicht erreicht - klemmende Klappe, gebrochene Mechanik oder Lagesensor mit Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck due to soot",
            "de": "Klappe durch Russ blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2392",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2390 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P2390, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2393",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2390 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P2390, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2394",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Control Stuck Open",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B - hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Diesel intake air flow valve B is mechanically stuck open - the ECU cannot close it for anti-shudder shutdown or EGR mixing assistance.",
        "de": "Der Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B sitzt mechanisch in offener Position fest - das Steuergerät kann ihn weder zur Anti-Shudder-Abschaltung noch zur Unterstützung des AGR-Mischens schliessen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open due to soot or broken linkage",
            "de": "Klappe offen blockiert durch Russ oder gebrochene Mechanik"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2395",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Control Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B - hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2394 with the valve stuck closed - intake airflow blocked even when the engine should run with full air.",
        "de": "Wie P2394, mit Klappe geschlossen blockiert - der Ansaugluftstrom ist auch dann blockiert, wenn der Motor mit voller Luft laufen sollte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed due to soot or broken linkage",
            "de": "Klappe geschlossen blockiert durch Russ oder gebrochene Mechanik"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2396",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B Lagesensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the position sensor of diesel intake air flow valve B.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Lagesensor des Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Stellers B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2397",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Position Sensor Range or Performance",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B Lagesensor - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2396 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the actuator command.",
        "de": "Wie P2396, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Stellbefehl passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal offset",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2398",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B Lagesensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2396 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P2396, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2399",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B Lagesensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2396 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P2396, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P239A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B Lagesensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2396 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P2396, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P239B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Control Motor Current Range or Performance",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B - Motorstrom Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor current of the actuator on diesel intake air flow B is outside the calibrated window - typically excessive (sticky valve), or too low (worn brushes).",
        "de": "Der Motorstrom des Stellglieds des Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Stellers B liegt ausserhalb des kalibrierten Bereichs - meist zu hoch (klemmende Klappe) oder zu niedrig (verschlissene Bürsten)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor overloaded by jammed valve",
            "de": "Motor durch klemmende Klappe überlastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P239C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Control System High Air Flow Detected",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B - zu hoher Luftstrom erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "With diesel intake air flow valve B commanded closed the measured airflow is above the calibrated threshold - valve does not seat or position sensor offset.",
        "de": "Bei angefordertem Schliessen des Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Stellers B liegt der gemessene Luftstrom über dem Schwellwert - Klappe schliesst nicht oder Positionssensor mit Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seat_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve does not seat fully",
            "de": "Klappe schliesst nicht sauber"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P239D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Intake Air Flow B Control System Low Air Flow Detected",
        "de": "Diesel-Ansaugluftstrom-Steller B - zu niedriger Luftstrom erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P239C with the airflow below the threshold when the valve is commanded open - valve does not open fully or the path is restricted.",
        "de": "Wie P239C, mit Luftstrom unterhalb der Schwelle bei angefordertem Öffnen - Klappe öffnet nicht vollständig oder der Pfad ist eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_air_flow_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_partial",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve does not open fully",
            "de": "Klappe öffnet nicht vollständig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P239E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Out of Range During Deceleration Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde ausserhalb des Bereichs bei Schubabschaltung Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During fuel cutoff on overrun the post-catalyst lambda sensor on bank 1 should drift toward a fixed lean reference voltage. If it stays outside the expected window the ECU sets this fault, indicating either a slow or stuck downstream sensor or an exhaust leak that draws unburnt gas across it.",
        "de": "Bei Schubabschaltung sollte die Lambdasonde nach Katalysator an Bank 1 in ein definiertes Magerfenster zurückwandern. Bleibt sie ausserhalb dieses Bereichs, setzt das Steuergerät den Fehler - typischerweise ist die Sonde träge oder hängt, oder ein Abgasleck saugt Frischluft an ihr vorbei."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element slow or aged",
            "de": "Sondensignal träge oder gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P239F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Out of Range During Deceleration Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde ausserhalb des Bereichs bei Schubabschaltung Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During fuel cutoff on overrun the post-catalyst lambda sensor on bank 2 should drift toward a fixed lean reference voltage. If it stays outside the expected window the ECU sets this fault, indicating either a slow or stuck downstream sensor or an exhaust leak that draws unburnt gas across it.",
        "de": "Bei Schubabschaltung sollte die Lambdasonde nach Katalysator an Bank 2 in ein definiertes Magerfenster zurückwandern. Bleibt sie ausserhalb dieses Bereichs, setzt das Steuergerät den Fehler - typischerweise ist die Sonde träge oder hängt, oder ein Abgasleck saugt Frischluft an ihr vorbei."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b2s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element slow or aged",
            "de": "Sondensignal träge oder gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Exhaust Sample Error Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Abgas-Abtastfehler Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The post-catalyst lambda sensor on bank 1 cannot acquire a valid exhaust sample - the signal does not respond to the expected exhaust composition during the diagnostic window. Typical causes are a fouled sensing element, a clogged sensor body or an installation leak that bypasses exhaust around the sensor.",
        "de": "Die Lambdasonde nach Katalysator an Bank 1 kann keine gültige Abgasprobe ermitteln - das Signal reagiert während des Diagnosefensters nicht auf die erwartete Abgaszusammensetzung. Typisch sind ein verrußtes Messelement, ein verstopfter Sondenkörper oder ein Einbau-Leck, das Abgas an der Sonde vorbeiführt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensing element or protective tube fouled",
            "de": "Messelement oder Schutzrohr verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Exhaust Sample Error Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Abgas-Abtastfehler Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The post-catalyst lambda sensor on bank 2 cannot acquire a valid exhaust sample - the signal does not respond to the expected exhaust composition during the diagnostic window. Typical causes are a fouled sensing element, a clogged sensor body or an installation leak that bypasses exhaust around the sensor.",
        "de": "Die Lambdasonde nach Katalysator an Bank 2 kann keine gültige Abgasprobe ermitteln - das Signal reagiert während des Diagnosefensters nicht auf die erwartete Abgaszusammensetzung. Typisch sind ein verrußtes Messelement, ein verstopfter Sondenkörper oder ein Einbau-Leck, das Abgas an der Sonde vorbeiführt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b2s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensing element or protective tube fouled",
            "de": "Messelement oder Schutzrohr verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve B Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil B Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An open circuit is detected on the control line for the bypass flap A of the exhaust heat exchanger. This valve directs exhaust either through the heat exchanger (cold start, fast warm-up) or around it (normal operation). Without working control the warm-up strategy is impaired and emissions during cold start increase.",
        "de": "Auf der Steuerleitung der Bypass-Klappe A des Abgaswärmetauschers ist eine Unterbrechung erkannt worden. Diese Klappe leitet Abgas entweder durch den Wärmetauscher (Kaltstart, schnelles Aufwärmen) oder daran vorbei (Normalbetrieb). Ohne funktionierende Ansteuerung ist die Warmlaufstrategie gestört und die Kaltstartemissionen steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in harness or actuator",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Kabelbaum oder Stellglied"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil B Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P237D on bypass valve B.",
        "de": "Wie P237D, an Bypassventil B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil B Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P237E on bypass valve B.",
        "de": "Wie P237E, an Bypassventil B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve B Control Performance",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil B - Steuerfunktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bypass flap A of the exhaust heat exchanger does not move as commanded - the position feedback or downstream temperature does not respond to the control demand. The flap is mechanically stuck, the actuator gearing is worn, or the position sensor is offset.",
        "de": "Die Bypass-Klappe A des Abgaswärmetauschers bewegt sich nicht entsprechend der Vorgabe - Lagerückmeldung oder nachgelagerte Temperatur reagieren nicht auf den Stellbefehl. Die Klappe sitzt mechanisch fest, das Stellgetriebe ist verschlissen oder der Positionssensor hat einen Offset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "flap_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Flap stuck due to soot or carbon",
            "de": "Klappe durch Russ blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve B Stuck Open",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil B - hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bypass valve B is stuck in the open position - exhaust bypasses the heat exchanger continuously, slowing engine warm-up.",
        "de": "Bypassventil B sitzt mechanisch in offener Position fest - das Abgas umgeht den Wärmetauscher dauerhaft, der Motor wärmt sich langsamer auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Klappe offen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve B Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil B - hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23A6 with bypass valve B stuck closed - exhaust always passes through the heat exchanger.",
        "de": "Wie P23A6, mit Bypassventil B geschlossen blockiert - das Abgas läuft immer durch den Wärmetauscher."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Klappe geschlossen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve B Position Sensor Stop Performance",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypassventil B Lagesensor-Anschlag - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During calibration the position sensor of bypass valve B does not reach one of its mechanical end stops as expected.",
        "de": "Beim Kalibrierlauf erreicht der Lagesensor des Bypassventils B einen der mechanischen Endanschläge nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_bypass_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "linkage_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage worn or slipping",
            "de": "Mechanik verschlissen oder rutscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_heat_recovery_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Communication Fault Forced Engine Shutdown",
        "de": "Kommunikationsfehler - erzwungener Motorstopp"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A safety-critical communication loss between control modules has triggered a forced engine shutdown. The ECU could not validate signals it needs to operate safely (e.g. throttle commands, brake state) and stopped the engine.",
        "de": "Ein sicherheitskritischer Kommunikationsausfall zwischen Steuergeräten hat einen Notabstellbefehl für den Motor ausgelöst. Das Steuergerät konnte Signale, die für sicheren Betrieb nötig sind (z. B. Drossel-, Bremszustand), nicht mehr validieren und hat den Motor abgestellt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "powertrain_bus",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus communication lost",
            "de": "Bus-Kommunikation verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Bypass Valve A Stuck",
        "de": "Turbolader Bypassventil A - hängt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger bypass valve A (compressor bypass for surge protection or wastegate-style boost relief) is mechanically stuck. Boost control is impaired - either no relief on overspeed or no boost build-up depending on which position the valve is stuck in.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader-Bypassventil A (Verdichter-Bypass zum Pumpschutz oder Wastegate-artiges Druckablassen) sitzt mechanisch fest. Die Ladedruckregelung ist eingeschränkt - je nach Position fehlt entweder das Druckablassen bei Überdrehzahl oder der Ladedruckaufbau."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck due to debris or actuator failure",
            "de": "Ventil durch Schmutz oder Stellglied-Defekt blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Processor Performance Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor-Prozessor Bank 1 Sensor 3 - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has detected an internal performance fault in the processing of accelerator pedal position - the redundant signals are tracked internally and one of them shows a software-side anomaly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen internen Funktionsfehler bei der Verarbeitung der Gaspedalposition - die redundanten Signale werden intern verfolgt und eines zeigt eine softwareseitige Anomalie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_anomaly",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software anomaly",
            "de": "Interne Softwareanomalie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the third NOx sensor of bank 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am dritten NOx-Sensor der Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Range or Performance Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23AC with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P23AC, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23AC with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P23AC, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23AC with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P23AC, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Circuit Intermittent Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23AC with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P23AC, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit Open Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis - offen Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control circuit for the NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 3 is open. Without the heater the sensor cannot reach operating temperature; readings stay invalid.",
        "de": "Der Heizungs-Steuerkreis für den NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 3 ist unterbrochen. Ohne Heizung erreicht der Sensor nicht die Betriebstemperatur; die Messwerte bleiben ungültig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater control wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Heizungs-Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis - niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23B1 with the heater control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P23B1, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Heizungs-Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis - hoch Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23B1 with the heater control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P23B1, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Heizungs-Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Messkreis Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the heater sense feedback for the bank 1 sensor 3 NOx sensor - the line over which the ECU verifies that the heater is actually drawing current.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler an der Heizungs-Rückmessleitung des NOx-Sensors B1S3 - die Leitung, über die das Steuergerät prüft, ob die Heizung tatsächlich Strom zieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater sense line",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Heizungs-Messleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Range or Performance Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Messkreis - Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23B4 with the sense voltage in plausible range yet not matching the heater model.",
        "de": "Wie P23B4, mit Messspannung im plausiblen Bereich, die aber nicht zum Heizungsmodell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater current drifted",
            "de": "Heizungsstrom mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to the bank 1 sensor 3 NOx sensor is outside the calibrated window.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des NOx-Sensors B1S3 liegt ausserhalb des kalibrierten Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Control Circuit Range or Performance Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Steuerkreis - Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23B1 with the heater control loop in plausible range yet not matching the heater model - aged heater or harness resistance.",
        "de": "Wie P23B1, mit Heizungs-Regelkreis im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zum Heizungsmodell passt - gealterte Heizung oder Übergangswiderstände."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Messkreis - niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23B4 with the sense voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P23B4, mit Messspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Messkreis - hoch Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23B4 with the sense voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P23B4, mit Messspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Intermittent Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungs-Messkreis - aussetzend Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23B4 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P23B4, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Resistance Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Heizungswiderstand Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The resistance of the NOx sensor heater on bank 1 sensor 3 is outside the calibrated band - aged element or contact resistance increased.",
        "de": "Der Widerstand der Heizung des NOx-Sensors B1S3 liegt ausserhalb des kalibrierten Bandes - gealtertes Element oder erhöhter Übergangswiderstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Calibration Memory Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Kalibrierspeicher Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 3 reports a calibration memory check-sum failure - factory calibration data corrupted or unreadable.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor B1S3 meldet einen Prüfsummenfehler im Kalibrierspeicher - die Werkskalibrierdaten sind beschädigt oder nicht lesbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "memory_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration memory corrupted",
            "de": "Kalibrierspeicher beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance Signal Biased or Stuck High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor - Signal hochgezogen oder eingefroren hoch Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 3 reports a value that stays at the upper end of its range despite changing engine conditions - sensor element biased or stuck high.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor B1S3 meldet trotz wechselnder Motorzustände einen Wert am oberen Bereichsende - Sensorelement hochgezogen oder eingefroren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_biased_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element biased high",
            "de": "Sensorelement hochgezogen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance Signal Biased or Stuck Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor - Signal niedriggezogen oder eingefroren niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23BD with the sensor stuck low.",
        "de": "Wie P23BD, mit Sensor eingefroren niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_biased_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element biased low",
            "de": "Sensorelement niedriggezogen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance Slow Response Low to High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor - langsame Reaktion von niedrig nach hoch Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 3 takes longer than the diagnostic threshold to follow rising NOx levels - aged element.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor B1S3 braucht länger als die Diagnoseschwelle, um steigenden NOx-Werten zu folgen - gealtertes Element."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Performance Slow Response High to Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor - langsame Reaktion von hoch nach niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NOx sensor on bank 1 sensor 3 takes longer than the diagnostic threshold to follow rising NOx levels - aged element.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor B1S3 braucht länger als die Diagnoseschwelle, um steigenden NOx-Werten zu folgen - gealtertes Element."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Sensing Element Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Messelement Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downstream NOx sensor on bank 1 reports that its internal ZrO2 sensing element is no longer producing valid pumping currents - the element has lost its electrochemical response, typically because the active ceramic layer has been poisoned, cracked, or burnt out.",
        "de": "Der nachgeschaltete NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 meldet, dass sein internes Zirkonoxid-Messelement keine gültigen Pumpströme mehr liefert - die elektrochemische Aktivität des Elements ist weg, meist weil die Keramikschicht vergiftet, gerissen oder verbrannt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_poisoned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element poisoned by silicone or sulphur",
            "de": "Sensorelement durch Silikon oder Schwefel vergiftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Delayed Response High to Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor verzögerte Antwort hoch nach niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23C0 with a measurable delay before the sensor begins to track falling levels - the start of the response is delayed, not just the slope.",
        "de": "Wie P23C0, mit messbarer Verzögerung, bis der Sensor fallenden Werten überhaupt zu folgen beginnt - nicht nur die Steigung, sondern auch der Antwortbeginn ist verspätet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          850
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypassventil C Lagesensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the position sensor of the third engine coolant bypass valve C - typically used in advanced thermal management systems with multiple coolant loops.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Lagesensor des dritten Kühlmittel-Bypassventils C - meist in modernen Thermomanagement-Systemen mit mehreren Kühlkreisen eingesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypassventil C Lagesensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23C3 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P23C3, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypassventil C Lagesensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23C3 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P23C3, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Control Circuit Driver Current or Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Bypassventil C Steuerkreis - Treiberstrom oder Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver stage of the coolant bypass valve C reports excessive current draw or thermal protection trip - typically a sticking valve drawing too much motor current.",
        "de": "Die Treiberstufe des Kühlmittel-Bypassventils C meldet übermässigen Stromfluss oder thermische Schutzauslösung - meist klemmt die Klappe und der Stellmotor zieht zu viel Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_overload",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor overloaded by jammed valve",
            "de": "Motor durch klemmende Klappe überlastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Heater Control Module Power Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffheizungs-Steuermodul Versorgungs-Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line that energises the fuel heater control module - used on diesel systems for cold-weather fuel preheating - is open.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung, die das Steuermodul der Kraftstoffheizung aktiviert - bei Diesel-Systemen für die Kaltkraftstoff-Vorheizung - ist unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Heater Control Module Power Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffheizungs-Steuermodul Versorgungs-Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23C7 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P23C7, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Heater Control Module Power Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffheizungs-Steuermodul Versorgungs-Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23C7 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P23C7, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Heater Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail-Heizung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel rail heater - on common-rail diesels for cold-start - has an open control circuit. The rail cannot be heated, slowing cold-start fuel atomisation.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffrail-Heizung - bei Common-Rail-Dieseln für den Kaltstart - hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis. Das Rail lässt sich nicht heizen, der Kraftstoff zerstäubt im Kaltstart schlechter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Heizung oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail-Heizung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23CA with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P23CA, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffrail-Heizung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23CA with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P23CA, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Heater Control Module Feedback Signal Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffheizungs-Steuermodul Rückmeldesignal - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The feedback line from the fuel heater control module to the ECM - reporting heater status - is open.",
        "de": "Die Rückmeldeleitung vom Steuermodul der Kraftstoffheizung zum ECM - die den Heizungsstatus meldet - ist unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in feedback wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Rückmeldeleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Heater Control Module Feedback Signal Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffheizungs-Steuermodul Rückmeldesignal - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23CD with feedback in plausible range yet not matching the commanded heater state.",
        "de": "Wie P23CD, mit Rückmeldung im plausiblen Bereich, die aber nicht zum Heizungs-Stellbefehl passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback signal drifted",
            "de": "Rückmeldesignal mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Heater Control Module Feedback Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffheizungs-Steuermodul Rückmeldesignal - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23CD with the feedback voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P23CD, mit Rückmeldespannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Heater Control Module Feedback Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffheizungs-Steuermodul Rückmeldesignal - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23CD with the feedback voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P23CD, mit Rückmeldespannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Fuel Heater Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel heaters (used on some heavy-duty diesels for cold-start atomisation) on cylinder 1 have an open control circuit.",
        "de": "Zylinder-individuelle Kraftstoffheizungen (bei einigen Nutzfahrzeug-Dieseln für die Kaltstart-Zerstäubung) zeigen am Zylinder 1 eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Heizung oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Fuel Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23D1 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P23D1, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Fuel Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23D1 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P23D1, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Fuel Heater Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Kraftstoffheizung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 fuel heater is electrically intact yet does not deliver the expected heat - aged element or contact resistance high.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffheizung an Zylinder 1 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Heizeffekt - gealtertes Element oder erhöhter Übergangswiderstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Fuel Heater Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel heaters (used on some heavy-duty diesels for cold-start atomisation) on cylinder 2 have an open control circuit.",
        "de": "Zylinder-individuelle Kraftstoffheizungen (bei einigen Nutzfahrzeug-Dieseln für die Kaltstart-Zerstäubung) zeigen am Zylinder 2 eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Heizung oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Fuel Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23D2 on cylinder 2.",
        "de": "Wie P23D2, an Zylinder 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Fuel Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23D3 on cylinder 2.",
        "de": "Wie P23D3, an Zylinder 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Fuel Heater Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Kraftstoffheizung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 fuel heater is electrically intact yet does not deliver the expected heat - aged element or contact resistance high.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffheizung an Zylinder 2 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Heizeffekt - gealtertes Element oder erhöhter Übergangswiderstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Fuel Heater Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel heaters (used on some heavy-duty diesels for cold-start atomisation) on cylinder 3 have an open control circuit.",
        "de": "Zylinder-individuelle Kraftstoffheizungen (bei einigen Nutzfahrzeug-Dieseln für die Kaltstart-Zerstäubung) zeigen am Zylinder 3 eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Heizung oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Fuel Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23D2 on cylinder 3.",
        "de": "Wie P23D2, an Zylinder 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Fuel Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23D3 on cylinder 3.",
        "de": "Wie P23D3, an Zylinder 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Fuel Heater Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Kraftstoffheizung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 fuel heater is electrically intact yet does not deliver the expected heat - aged element or contact resistance high.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffheizung an Zylinder 3 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Heizeffekt - gealtertes Element oder erhöhter Übergangswiderstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Fuel Heater Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder fuel heaters (used on some heavy-duty diesels for cold-start atomisation) on cylinder 4 have an open control circuit.",
        "de": "Zylinder-individuelle Kraftstoffheizungen (bei einigen Nutzfahrzeug-Dieseln für die Kaltstart-Zerstäubung) zeigen am Zylinder 4 eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Heizung oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Fuel Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23D2 on cylinder 4.",
        "de": "Wie P23D2, an Zylinder 4."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Fuel Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Kraftstoffheizung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23D3 on cylinder 4.",
        "de": "Wie P23D3, an Zylinder 4."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Fuel Heater Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Kraftstoffheizung - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 fuel heater is electrically intact yet does not deliver the expected heat - aged element or contact resistance high.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffheizung an Zylinder 4 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Heizeffekt - gealtertes Element oder erhöhter Übergangswiderstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_cyl_4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR C Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "AGR C Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general open-circuit fault on the third EGR valve C control - typically a third EGR loop in heavy-duty engines or specific Euro-7 systems.",
        "de": "Allgemeine Stromkreisunterbrechung an der Steuerung des dritten AGR-Ventils C - meist ein dritter AGR-Kreis bei Nutzfahrzeugen oder speziellen Euro-7-Systemen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR C Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "AGR C Steuerkreis - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23E1 with the actuator electrically intact but not delivering the commanded position.",
        "de": "Wie P23E1, mit elektrisch intaktem Stellglied, das aber die geforderte Position nicht erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve C sticking due to soot",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil C durch Russ verklebt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR C Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23E1 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P23E1, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR C Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23E1 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P23E1, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR C Control Stuck Open",
        "de": "AGR C - hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGR valve C is stuck in the open position - exhaust gas continuously dilutes intake air, reducing power and risking misfires at idle.",
        "de": "Das AGR-Ventil C sitzt in offener Position fest - Abgas verdünnt den Ansaugstrom dauerhaft, was die Leistung reduziert und im Leerlauf zu Verbrennungsaussetzern führen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ventil offen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR C Control Stuck Closed",
        "de": "AGR C - hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23E5 with valve C stuck closed - no EGR through this stage; NOx emissions rise.",
        "de": "Wie P23E5, mit Ventil C in geschlossener Position blockiert - keine AGR über diese Stufe; die NOx-Emissionen steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR C Flow Insufficient Detected",
        "de": "AGR C - zu geringer Durchfluss erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P049B on EGR loop C.",
        "de": "Wie P049B, an AGR-Kreis C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_c",
        "egr_cooler_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooler_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR cooler C clogged with soot",
            "de": "AGR-Kühler C mit Russ verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR C Flow Excessive Detected",
        "de": "AGR C - zu hoher Durchfluss erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P049C on EGR loop C.",
        "de": "Wie P049C, an AGR-Kreis C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve C sticking open",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil C hängt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft A Position Signal Output Circuit Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor A Ausgangssignal Stromkreis - offen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output line that the ECU uses to forward the bank 2 cam A position signal to other modules (e.g. dashboard, transmission, hybrid module) is open.",
        "de": "Die Ausgangsleitung, mit der das Steuergerät das Nockenwellen-A-Positionssignal an Bank 2 an andere Module (z. B. Cockpit, Getriebe, Hybridmodul) weitergibt, ist unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_signal_a_b2_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in output wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ausgangsverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft A Position Signal Output Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor A Ausgangssignal Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23E9 with the output shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P23E9, mit Ausgang gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_signal_a_b2_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft A Position Signal Output Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor A Ausgangssignal Stromkreis - hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23E9 with the output shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P23E9, mit Ausgang gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_signal_a_b2_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft B Position Signal Output Circuit Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B Ausgangssignal Stromkreis - offen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output line that the ECU uses to forward the bank 2 cam A position signal to other modules (e.g. dashboard, transmission, hybrid module) is open.",
        "de": "Die Ausgangsleitung, mit der das Steuergerät das Nockenwellen-A-Positionssignal an Bank 2 an andere Module (z. B. Cockpit, Getriebe, Hybridmodul) weitergibt, ist unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_signal_b_b1_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in output wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ausgangsverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft B Position Signal Output Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B Ausgangssignal Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23EA on cam B bank 1.",
        "de": "Wie P23EA, an Nockenwelle B Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_signal_b_b1_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft B Position Signal Output Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B Ausgangssignal Stromkreis - hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23EB on cam B bank 1.",
        "de": "Wie P23EB, an Nockenwelle B Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_signal_b_b1_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft B Position Signal Output Circuit Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B Ausgangssignal Stromkreis - offen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output line that the ECU uses to forward the bank 2 cam A position signal to other modules (e.g. dashboard, transmission, hybrid module) is open.",
        "de": "Die Ausgangsleitung, mit der das Steuergerät das Nockenwellen-A-Positionssignal an Bank 2 an andere Module (z. B. Cockpit, Getriebe, Hybridmodul) weitergibt, ist unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_signal_b_b2_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in output wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ausgangsverkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft B Position Signal Output Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B Ausgangssignal Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23EA on cam B bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P23EA, an Nockenwelle B Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_signal_b_b2_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft B Position Signal Output Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellensensor B Ausgangssignal Stromkreis - hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P23EB on cam B bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P23EB, an Nockenwelle B Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_signal_b_b2_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 1 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 1 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 1 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 1 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 2 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 2 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 2 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 2 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 3 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 3 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 3 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 3 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 4 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 4 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 4 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 4 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 5 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 5 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 5 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 5 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 6 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 6 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 6 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 6 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 7 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 7 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 7 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 7 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 8 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 8 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 8 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 8 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 9 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 9 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_9"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 9 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 9 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 10 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 10 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_10"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 10 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 10 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 11 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 11 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_11"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 11 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 11 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Injector B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Einspritzventil B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On dual-injector systems (typical for some heavy-duty diesels and some petrol/gas bi-fuel applications) the secondary injector B at cylinder 12 cannot keep its mixture in balance with the rest of the bank.",
        "de": "Bei Doppel-Einspritzventil-Systemen (typisch für einige Nutzfahrzeug-Diesel und manche Bi-Fuel-Anwendungen) kann das sekundäre Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 12 sein Gemisch nicht im Gleichgewicht mit der übrigen Bank halten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_12"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector B for cylinder 12 has drifted in flow rate",
            "de": "Einspritzventil B an Zylinder 12 hat veränderte Durchflussmenge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Bank 1 System B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Bank 1 System B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary fuel system B on bank 1 (e.g. port-injection rail in a dual-injection engine, or LPG/CNG rail in a bi-fuel system) does not maintain calibrated mixture - lambda response on bank 1 is biased by an offset on the B system.",
        "de": "Das sekundäre Kraftstoffsystem B an Bank 1 (z. B. Saugrohrrail bei Doppel-Einspritzung oder LPG/CNG-Rail bei Bi-Fuel) hält das kalibrierte Gemisch nicht - die Lambda-Antwort an Bank 1 wird durch einen Offset im B-System verzerrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_system_b_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "system_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary fuel system has drifted",
            "de": "Sekundäres Kraftstoffsystem hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P23FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Bank 2 System B Air-Fuel Ratio Imbalance",
        "de": "Bank 2 System B - Luft-Kraftstoff-Ungleichgewicht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary fuel system B on bank 2 (e.g. port-injection rail in a dual-injection engine, or LPG/CNG rail in a bi-fuel system) does not maintain calibrated mixture - lambda response on bank 2 is biased by an offset on the B system.",
        "de": "Das sekundäre Kraftstoffsystem B an Bank 2 (z. B. Saugrohrrail bei Doppel-Einspritzung oder LPG/CNG-Rail bei Bi-Fuel) hält das kalibrierte Gemisch nicht - die Lambda-Antwort an Bank 2 wird durch einen Offset im B-System verzerrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_system_b_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "system_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary fuel system has drifted",
            "de": "Sekundäres Kraftstoffsystem hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%E2%80%93fuel_ratio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2400",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Leak Detection Pump Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "EVAP-Lecksuchpumpe Steuerkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit to the EVAP leak-detection pump is open. Without that pump the ECU cannot pressurise the fuel-vapour system to test for leaks.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der EVAP-Lecksuchpumpe ist unterbrochen. Ohne diese Pumpe kann die Motorsteuerung das Tankentlüftungssystem nicht zum Test auf Lecks bedrucken."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump",
        "evap_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ldp_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak detection pump failed",
            "de": "Lecksuchpumpe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ldp_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open to pump",
            "de": "Leitungsunterbrechung zur Pumpe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2401",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Leak Detection Pump Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "EVAP-Lecksuchpumpe Steuerkreis Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage on the leak-detection pump line is below the lower limit. Often a short to ground in the harness.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung der Lecksuchpumpe liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert. Häufig ein Kurzschluss nach Masse im Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump",
        "evap_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ldp_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump internal short",
            "de": "Pumpe mit internem Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2400"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2402",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Leak Detection Pump Control Circuit High",
        "de": "EVAP-Lecksuchpumpe Steuerkreis Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Drive voltage on the leak-detection pump line is above the upper limit. Usually a short to supply or open ground.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerspannung der Lecksuchpumpe liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert. Meist ein Kurzschluss nach Plus oder unterbrochene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump",
        "evap_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump ground open",
            "de": "Pumpenmasse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2400"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2403",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Sense Circuit Open",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Messkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The leak detection pump (LDP) - which actively pressurises the EVAP system to find leaks - has an open sense circuit. The ECU cannot read the pump status during the diagnostic cycle.",
        "de": "Die Leckdiagnose-Pumpe (LDP) - die das EVAP-System aktiv für die Leckprüfung unter Druck setzt - hat einen unterbrochenen Messkreis. Das Steuergerät kann den Pumpenstatus während der Diagnose nicht lesen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump or sense wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Pumpe oder Messleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2404",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Leak Detection Pump Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "EVAP-Lecksuchpumpe Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sense (reed-switch or current-feedback) signal from the leak-detection pump is electrically valid but does not match expectations during a leak test. Often a worn pump diaphragm or a sticking reed contact.",
        "de": "Das Rückmeldesignal (Reed-Kontakt oder Stromrückmeldung) der Lecksuchpumpe ist elektrisch gültig, passt aber während des Lecktests nicht zu den Erwartungen. Häufig eine verschlissene Pumpenmembran oder ein hängender Reed-Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump",
        "evap_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ldp_diaphragm_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump diaphragm worn",
            "de": "Pumpenmembran verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reed_switch_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reed switch intermittent",
            "de": "Reed-Kontakt aussetzig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2400"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2405",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Messkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2403 with the sense voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P2403, mit Messspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2406",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Messkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2403 with the sense voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P2403, mit Messspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2407",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Leak Detection Pump Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "EVAP Lecksuchpumpe Sense-Stromkreis Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The leak detection pump returns a sense signal that is electrically valid but does not match the expected response during the pump's self-test or pressure cycle.",
        "de": "Die Lecksuchpumpe liefert ein elektrisch gültiges Sense-Signal, das nicht zur erwarteten Antwort beim Selbsttest oder Druckaufbau passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump",
        "evap_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ldp_diaphragm_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump diaphragm worn",
            "de": "Pumpenmembran verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ldp_sense_wiring_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wiring high resistance",
            "de": "Erhöhter Widerstand in der Sense-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2408",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Cap Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Tankdeckelsensor/-schalter Stromkreis Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On vehicles with a sensed fuel cap, the cap-status signal is electrically valid but does not change as expected when the cap is opened or closed.",
        "de": "Bei Fahrzeugen mit Tankdeckelüberwachung ist das Tankdeckelsignal elektrisch gültig, ändert sich aber nicht wie erwartet beim Öffnen oder Schliessen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cap_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cap_switch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cap switch worn",
            "de": "Tankdeckelschalter verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cap_seal_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cap seal aged, switch never seats",
            "de": "Tankdeckeldichtung gealtert, Schalter zieht nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          0.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2409",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Cap Sensor or Switch Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Tankdeckel-Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sensor or switch that detects whether the fuel cap is properly closed reports a value within plausible range yet not matching driver action.",
        "de": "Der Sensor oder Schalter, der erkennt, ob der Tankdeckel sauber geschlossen ist, meldet einen Wert im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zur Fahrerhandlung passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cap_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contact drifted or dirty",
            "de": "Kontakt mit Drift oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P240A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Heater Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Heizung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The leak detection pump heater - keeps the pump diaphragm warm in cold weather - has an open control circuit.",
        "de": "Die Heizung der Leckdiagnose-Pumpe - hält die Pumpenmembran bei Kälte warm - hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Heizung oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P240B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Heizung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P240A with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P240A, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P240C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Heizung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P240A with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P240A, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P240D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Low Pressure System Leak",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff Niederdruck-System - Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A leak detected in the low-pressure side of an alternative fuel system (LPG, CNG between regulator and rail, or H2 between vapouriser and rail). Risk of escape into the engine bay.",
        "de": "Im Niederdruckbereich eines Alternativkraftstoffsystems (LPG, CNG zwischen Regler und Rail oder H2 zwischen Verdampfer und Rail) ist ein Leck erkannt worden. Gefahr von Austritt im Motorraum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_low_pressure_line"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hose or fitting leak",
            "de": "Schlauch oder Anschluss undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P240E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel High Pressure System Leak",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff Hochdruck-System - Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A leak detected in the low-pressure side of an alternative fuel system (LPG, CNG between regulator and rail, or H2 between vapouriser and rail). Risk of escape into the engine bay.",
        "de": "Im Niederdruckbereich eines Alternativkraftstoffsystems (LPG, CNG zwischen Regler und Rail oder H2 zwischen Verdampfer und Rail) ist ein Leck erkannt worden. Gefahr von Austritt im Motorraum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_high_pressure_line"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hose, fitting or cylinder valve leak",
            "de": "Schlauch, Anschluss oder Tankventil undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P240F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Slow Response",
        "de": "AGR langsame Antwort"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR system reacts to commanded changes more slowly than calibrated - typically a partly clogged EGR cooler, sticky valve, or worn actuator.",
        "de": "Das AGR-System reagiert auf Stellbefehle langsamer als kalibriert - meist teilweise verstopfter AGR-Kühler, klemmendes Ventil oder verschlissenes Stellglied."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_a",
        "egr_cooler_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_sticky",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve or cooler sticky",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil oder -Kühler klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2410",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Cap Sensor/Switch Stuck",
        "de": "Tankdeckelsensor/-schalter hängt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel cap status switch is stuck in one position — the ECU never sees the expected transition between open and closed.",
        "de": "Der Tankdeckel-Statusschalter hängt in einer Stellung — die Motorsteuerung erkennt den erwarteten Wechsel zwischen offen und geschlossen nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cap_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cap_switch_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cap switch stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Tankdeckelschalter mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corroded",
            "de": "Stecker korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          0.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2408"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2411",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Cap Sensor/Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Tankdeckelsensor/-schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the fuel cap sensor/switch circuit — open or short.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des Tankdeckelsensors/-schalters — Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cap_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cap_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cap switch failed",
            "de": "Tankdeckelschalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          0.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2408",
        "P2410"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2412",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Cap Sensor or Switch Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "Tankdeckel-Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2409 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P2409, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cap_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2413",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Performance",
        "de": "Abgasrueckfuehrsystem Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU monitors EGR flow indirectly through MAF, MAP or differential-pressure feedback and finds that actual EGR flow does not match the commanded value over a sustained period.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung ueberwacht den AGR-Massenstrom indirekt ueber LMM, MAP oder Differenzdruckmessung und stellt fest, dass der tatsaechliche Massenstrom dauerhaft nicht dem Sollwert entspricht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve",
        "egr_cooler",
        "egr_diff_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup in EGR passages",
            "de": "Verkokung der AGR-Kanaele"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sticking EGR valve",
            "de": "Klemmendes AGR-Ventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR differential pressure sensor fault",
            "de": "Defekter AGR-Differenzdrucksensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2414",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Exhaust Sample Error Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Abgas-Abtastfehler Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P237A but on the upstream sensor B1S1 (pre-catalyst).",
        "de": "Wie P237A, an der vorgeschalteten Sonde B1S1 (vor dem Katalysator)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensing element fouled",
            "de": "Messelement verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2415",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Switching Valve Circuit Open",
        "de": "EVAP Schaltventil Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an open circuit on the EVAP switching valve drive line. The valve cannot be commanded between its purge and isolation positions.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis des EVAP-Schaltventils. Das Ventil lässt sich nicht zwischen Spül- und Sperrstellung umschalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_switching_valve",
        "evap_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_valve_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve coil open",
            "de": "Ventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line open",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2416",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Switching Valve Performance",
        "de": "EVAP Schaltventil Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP switching valve responds electrically but does not produce the expected pressure change. Often a stuck valve seat or a torn diaphragm.",
        "de": "Das EVAP-Schaltventil reagiert elektrisch, erzeugt aber nicht die erwartete Druckänderung. Häufig ein verklebter Ventilsitz oder eine gerissene Membran."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_valve_seat_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seat stuck",
            "de": "Ventilsitz verklebt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_valve_diaphragm_torn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Diaphragm torn",
            "de": "Ventilmembran gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2415"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2417",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Switching Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "EVAP Schaltventil hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP switching valve cannot reach the open position. Purge flow is blocked and the EVAP system cannot vent the canister.",
        "de": "Das EVAP-Schaltventil erreicht die offene Stellung nicht. Der Spülfluss ist blockiert und das EVAP-System kann den Aktivkohlefilter nicht entlüften."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_valve_seat_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seat stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventilsitz hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_valve_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve internals corroded",
            "de": "Ventilinnenleben korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2416"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2418",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Switching Valve Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "EVAP Umschaltventil Ansteuerung Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The evaporative switching valve — used on multi-path EVAP systems to route purge or pressure-test flow — does not respond as expected. Self-test fails because tank pressure does not change in the calibrated direction.",
        "de": "Das Umschaltventil der Tankentlüftung — bei mehrwegigen EVAP-Systemen zur Steuerung von Spülung oder Druckprüfung — reagiert nicht wie erwartet. Der Selbsttest scheitert, weil sich der Tankdruck nicht in die kalibrierte Richtung ändert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_switching_valve",
        "evap_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_switching_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching valve failed",
            "de": "Umschaltventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_line_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EVAP line blocked or kinked",
            "de": "EVAP-Leitung verstopft oder geknickt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2419",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Switching Valve Stuck Open",
        "de": "EVAP Umschaltventil hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP switching valve cannot close. Tank pressure cannot be isolated for the leak detection test, and purge routing may bypass the canister.",
        "de": "Das EVAP-Umschaltventil schliesst nicht. Der Tankdruck lässt sich für die Leckdiagnose nicht isolieren, und die Spülroute kann den Aktivkohlefilter umgehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_switching_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open mechanically",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch offen verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_switching_valve_drive_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive circuit always energised",
            "de": "Ansteuerkreis dauerhaft bestromt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2418"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P241A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 1 Sensor 1 and Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonden vertauscht Bank 1 Sensor 1 und Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pre- and post-catalyst lambda signals on bank 1 are swapped - the upstream sensor responds like a downstream sensor and vice versa. Typically the harness was reversed during a sensor change.",
        "de": "Die Lambdasignale vor und nach dem Katalysator an Bank 1 sind vertauscht - die vorgeschaltete Sonde verhält sich wie eine nachgeschaltete und umgekehrt. Meist wurde der Kabelbaum bei einem Sondentausch verwechselt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b1s1",
        "oxygen_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_swapped",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness swapped during repair",
            "de": "Kabelbaum bei Reparatur vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          0.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P241B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Signals Swapped Bank 2 Sensor 1 and Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonden vertauscht Bank 2 Sensor 1 und Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pre- and post-catalyst lambda signals on bank 2 are swapped - the upstream sensor responds like a downstream sensor and vice versa. Typically the harness was reversed during a sensor change.",
        "de": "Die Lambdasignale vor und nach dem Katalysator an Bank 2 sind vertauscht - die vorgeschaltete Sonde verhält sich wie eine nachgeschaltete und umgekehrt. Meist wurde der Kabelbaum bei einem Sondentausch verwechselt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor_b2s1",
        "oxygen_sensor_b2s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_swapped",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness swapped during repair",
            "de": "Kabelbaum bei Reparatur vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          0.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P241C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator Control System Ice Blockage Bank 2",
        "de": "Drosselsteller-Vereisung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The throttle actuator on bank 2 cannot move because of ice formation - typical for very cold ambient temperature with humid intake. Engine de-ices on warm-up.",
        "de": "Der Drosselsteller an Bank 2 lässt sich wegen Vereisung nicht bewegen - typisch bei sehr kalten Aussentemperaturen mit feuchter Ansaugluft. Beim Warmlauf taut die Vereisung ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ice",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ice in throttle bore",
            "de": "Eis im Drosselklappenkanal"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          0.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P241D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR Inducement Forced Engine Shutdown",
        "de": "SCR-Inducement - erzwungener Motorstopp"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR inducement strategy (mandatory regulatory measure to enforce AdBlue refilling and emissions compliance) has reached the final stage and shut down the engine. Refill AdBlue and clear inducement fault to restart.",
        "de": "Die SCR-Inducement-Strategie (gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Stufenmassnahme zur Erzwingung der AdBlue-Befüllung und Emissionseinhaltung) hat die letzte Stufe erreicht und den Motor abgestellt. AdBlue nachfüllen und Inducement-Fehler löschen, um neu zu starten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_system",
        "reductant_tank"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adblue_empty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "AdBlue tank empty or out of compliance",
            "de": "AdBlue-Tank leer oder nicht konform"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          0.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P241E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Coolant Control Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung Kühlmittel-Steuerventil hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The valve that routes engine coolant to heat the AdBlue lines is stuck closed - AdBlue lines do not warm up and may freeze in cold weather, blocking dosing.",
        "de": "Das Ventil, das Motorkühlmittel zur Erwärmung der AdBlue-Leitungen leitet, sitzt in geschlossener Position fest - die AdBlue-Leitungen erwärmen sich nicht und können bei Kälte einfrieren, was die Dosierung blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_coolant_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P241F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler B Efficiency Below Threshold",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler B Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The temperature drop across EGR cooler B is below the calibrated threshold - cooler is fouled with soot, has internal scaling, or coolant flow is restricted. Recirculated gas reaches the intake hotter than designed, increasing NOx and combustion temperatures.",
        "de": "Die Temperaturdifferenz über AGR-Kühler B liegt unter dem kalibrierten Schwellwert - der Kühler ist verrusst, hat internen Schlamm oder Kühlmittelfluss eingeschränkt. Das rückgeführte Gas erreicht das Saugrohr heisser als ausgelegt, NOx und Verbrennungstemperaturen steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooler_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooler fouled with soot or scaled",
            "de": "Kühler verrusst oder verkalkt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2420",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Switching Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "EVAP Umschaltventil hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP switching valve cannot open when commanded. Purge or test flow cannot reach the appropriate path and the leak monitor aborts.",
        "de": "Das EVAP-Umschaltventil öffnet auf Befehl nicht. Spül- oder Prüfstrom erreichen den erforderlichen Pfad nicht, und die Leckdiagnose bricht ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_switching_valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed mechanically",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch geschlossen verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_switching_valve_drive_open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive circuit open",
            "de": "Ansteuerkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2418",
        "P2419"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2421",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Vent Valve Stuck Open",
        "de": "Tankentlueftungsventil offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The evaporative emission system vent valve does not close on command. The ECU detects that the evap system cannot hold pressure or vacuum because the canister is permanently vented to atmosphere.",
        "de": "Das Tankentlueftungs-Belueftungsventil schliesst nicht wie befohlen. Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass das Tankentlueftungssystem keinen Druck oder Unterdruck halten kann, weil der Aktivkohlebehaelter dauerhaft zur Atmosphaere belueftet ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve",
        "evap_canister"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vent_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vent valve mechanically stuck open",
            "de": "Mechanisch offen festsitzendes Belueftungsventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination_dust",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dust/debris preventing valve seat",
            "de": "Schmutz verhindert Ventilsitz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2422",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP Canister Vent Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "EVAP Aktivkohlefilter-Entlüftungsventil hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vent valve at the canister end of the EVAP system cannot open. Without ambient air entering the canister, fresh fuel cannot purge the stored vapors and refueling may trigger ORVR issues. Common with rusted or rodent-damaged vent valves.",
        "de": "Das Entlüftungsventil am Aktivkohlefilter-Ende des EVAP-Systems öffnet nicht. Ohne Umgebungsluft durch den Filter lassen sich die gespeicherten Dämpfe nicht ausspülen, beim Tanken treten ORVR-Probleme auf. Häufig durch korrodierte oder von Nagern beschädigte Entlüftungsventile."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vent_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "evap_vent_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vent valve seized closed",
            "de": "Entlüftungsventil festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "evap_vent_valve_drive_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive circuit open",
            "de": "Ansteuerkreis unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2423",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HC Adsorption Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 1",
        "de": "HC-Adsorptionskatalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellenwert Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU determines that the hydrocarbon adsorption catalyst on bank 1 no longer holds enough HC during cold start to meet emission targets. Often due to ageing or thermal damage.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung stellt fest, dass der HC-Adsorptionskatalysator auf Bank 1 beim Kaltstart nicht mehr genug Kohlenwasserstoffe einspeichert, um die Emissionsziele zu erreichen. Haeufig durch Alterung oder thermische Schaedigung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hc_adsorber_catalyst",
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aging / thermal damage",
            "de": "Alterung / thermische Schaedigung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oxygen_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor drift",
            "de": "Drift der Lambdasonde"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2424",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "HC Adsorption Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 2",
        "de": "HC-Adsorptions-Katalysator Bank 2 - Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hydrocarbon adsorption catalyst on bank 2 - which traps HC during cold-start until the main catalyst lights off - is degraded; HC slip during cold start is above the calibrated threshold.",
        "de": "Der HC-Adsorptions-Katalysator an Bank 2 - der HC während des Kaltstarts speichert, bis der Hauptkatalysator anspringt - ist gealtert; der HC-Durchschlag im Kaltstart liegt über dem Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hc_adsorption_catalyst_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cat_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst adsorber aged",
            "de": "Adsorptions-Katalysator gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2425",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooling Valve Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "AGR-Kühlventil Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The valve that admits coolant flow to the EGR cooler has an open control circuit - cooling cannot be enabled and EGR temperatures stay too high.",
        "de": "Das Ventil, das Kühlmittelfluss zum AGR-Kühler freigibt, hat einen unterbrochenen Steuerkreis - die Kühlung kann nicht aktiviert werden und die AGR-Temperaturen bleiben zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooling_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2426",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooling Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Kühlventil Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2425 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P2425, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooling_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2427",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooling Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Kühlventil Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2425 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P2425, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooling_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2428",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Too High Bank 1",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur zu hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An EGT sensor on bank 1 reports a temperature above the safety threshold for prolonged operation - typical for blocked DPF, restricted exhaust, or excessive fuelling. Risk of catalyst, DPF or turbo damage.",
        "de": "Ein EGT-Sensor an Bank 1 meldet eine Temperatur oberhalb der Dauerbetriebs-Sicherheitsschwelle - typisch für verstopften DPF, eingeschränkten Auspuff oder zu viel Kraftstoff. Risiko von Katalysator-, DPF- oder Turboschaden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor_b1",
        "dpf_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF blocked or active regeneration",
            "de": "DPF verstopft oder aktive Regeneration"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2429",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Too High Bank 2",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur zu hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "An EGT sensor on bank 2 reports a temperature above the safety threshold for prolonged operation - typical for blocked DPF, restricted exhaust, or excessive fuelling. Risk of catalyst, DPF or turbo damage.",
        "de": "Ein EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 meldet eine Temperatur oberhalb der Dauerbetriebs-Sicherheitsschwelle - typisch für verstopften DPF, eingeschränkten Auspuff oder zu viel Kraftstoff. Risiko von Katalysator-, DPF- oder Turboschaden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor_b2",
        "dpf_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF blocked or active regeneration",
            "de": "DPF verstopft oder aktive Regeneration"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P242A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the EGT sensor at bank 1 sensor 3 (typically just downstream of the turbo or before the catalyst). The ECU loses thermal protection feedback for the catalyst and DPF.",
        "de": "An dem EGT-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 3 (meist direkt nach dem Turbo oder vor dem Katalysator) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das Steuergerät verliert die thermische Schutzrückmeldung für Katalysator und DPF."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P242B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Range or Performance Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor - Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242A with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P242A, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P242C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242A with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P242A, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P242D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242A with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P242A, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P242E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242A with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P242A, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P242F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Restriction Ash Accumulation Bank 1",
        "de": "Partikelfilter eingeschränkt - Ascheansammlung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The diesel particulate filter on bank 1 reports backpressure attributable to ash (non-combustible residue from oil and fuel additives, not removable by regeneration). The filter has reached the end of its service life and needs cleaning or replacement.",
        "de": "Der Dieselpartikelfilter an Bank 1 meldet einen Gegendruck, der auf Asche zurückzuführen ist (nicht brennbare Rückstände aus Öl- und Kraftstoffadditiven, durch Regeneration nicht entfernbar). Der Filter ist am Ende seiner Lebensdauer und muss gereinigt oder ersetzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_ash_full",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF full of ash",
            "de": "DPF mit Asche gefüllt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2430",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Air Flow or Pressure Sensor Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "AIR-System Luftmengen-/Drucksensor Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the secondary air injection (AIR) system flow or pressure sensor on bank 1 - the sensor that verifies air pump flow during cold-start enrichment compensation.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Luftmengen- oder Drucksensor des Sekundärluft-Systems an Bank 1 - der Sensor prüft den Pumpenstrom während der Kaltstart-Sekundärluftbeimischung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_system_flow_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2431",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Air Flow/Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Sekundaerluftsystem Luftstrom-/Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a general fault in the secondary air injection system air flow or pressure sensor circuit. The diagnostic cannot verify proper SAI operation.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Luftstrom- oder Drucksensors des Sekundaerluftsystems. Die Diagnose kann den korrekten SAI-Betrieb nicht pruefen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sai_pressure_sensor",
        "sai_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sai_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Defective SAI sensor",
            "de": "Defekter SAI-Sensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "SAI sensor wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler zum SAI-Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2432",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Air Flow/Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Sekundaerluftsystem Luftstrom-/Drucksensor Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signal of the SAI air flow or pressure sensor is implausible during operation. The reading does not change as expected when the air pump is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Signal des SAI-Luftstrom- oder Drucksensors ist im Betrieb unplausibel. Der Wert aendert sich nicht wie erwartet, wenn die Luftpumpe angesteuert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sai_pressure_sensor",
        "secondary_air_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clogged_sai_passages",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clogged SAI passages",
            "de": "Verstopfte SAI-Kanaele"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sai_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "SAI sensor drift",
            "de": "Drift des SAI-Sensors"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2433",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Air Flow or Pressure Sensor Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "AIR-System Luftmengen-/Drucksensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2430 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P2430, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_system_flow_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2434",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Air Flow or Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic Bank 1",
        "de": "AIR-System Luftmengen-/Drucksensor Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2430 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P2430, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_system_flow_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2435",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Air Flow or Pressure Sensor Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "AIR-System Luftmengen-/Drucksensor Stromkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the secondary air injection (AIR) system flow or pressure sensor on bank 2 - the sensor that verifies air pump flow during cold-start enrichment compensation.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Luftmengen- oder Drucksensor des Sekundärluft-Systems an Bank 2 - der Sensor prüft den Pumpenstrom während der Kaltstart-Sekundärluftbeimischung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_system_flow_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2436",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Air Flow or Pressure Sensor Circuit Range or Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "AIR-System Luftmengen-/Drucksensor - Bereich/Funktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2430 on bank 2 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P2430, an Bank 2, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_system_flow_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2437",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Air Flow or Pressure Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "AIR-System Luftmengen-/Drucksensor Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the secondary air injection (AIR) system flow or pressure sensor on bank 2 - the sensor that verifies air pump flow during cold-start enrichment compensation.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Luftmengen- oder Drucksensor des Sekundärluft-Systems an Bank 2 - der Sensor prüft den Pumpenstrom während der Kaltstart-Sekundärluftbeimischung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_system_flow_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2438",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Air Flow or Pressure Sensor Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "AIR-System Luftmengen-/Drucksensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2433 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P2433, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_system_flow_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2439",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Air Flow or Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic Bank 2",
        "de": "AIR-System Luftmengen-/Drucksensor Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2434 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P2434, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_system_flow_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          450
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P243A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Restriction Ash Accumulation Bank 2",
        "de": "Partikelfilter eingeschränkt - Ascheansammlung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The diesel particulate filter on bank 2 reports backpressure attributable to ash (non-combustible residue from oil and fuel additives, not removable by regeneration). The filter has reached the end of its service life and needs cleaning or replacement.",
        "de": "Der Dieselpartikelfilter an Bank 2 meldet einen Gegendruck, der auf Asche zurückzuführen ist (nicht brennbare Rückstände aus Öl- und Kraftstoffadditiven, durch Regeneration nicht entfernbar). Der Filter ist am Ende seiner Lebensdauer und muss gereinigt oder ersetzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_ash_full",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF full of ash",
            "de": "DPF mit Asche gefüllt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P243B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Restriction Forced Limited Power Bank 2",
        "de": "Partikelfilter eingeschränkt - erzwungene Leistungsbegrenzung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DPF backpressure on bank 2 is so high that the ECU enforces limp-home power limitation to protect the engine. Regeneration must be performed (or the DPF cleaned) to clear the limit.",
        "de": "Der DPF-Gegendruck an Bank 2 ist so hoch, dass das Steuergerät eine Notlauf-Leistungsbegrenzung erzwingt, um den Motor zu schützen. Eine Regeneration (oder DPF-Reinigung) ist nötig, um die Begrenzung aufzuheben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF heavily clogged",
            "de": "DPF stark verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P243C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Regeneration Frequency Bank 2",
        "de": "Partikelfilter Regenerationshäufigkeit Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF on bank 2 needs regeneration more often than calibrated. Possible causes are an oil-burning engine, fuel-injector leak, short-trip operation, or a sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der DPF an Bank 2 benötigt häufiger als kalibriert eine Regeneration. Mögliche Ursachen sind ein ölbrennender Motor, undichte Einspritzventile, Kurzstreckenbetrieb oder Sensoroffset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b2",
        "fuel_injectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_trip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short-trip operation",
            "de": "Kurzstreckenbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P243D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Regeneration Duration Bank 2",
        "de": "Partikelfilter Regenerationsdauer Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Regenerations on bank 2 take longer than calibrated to complete - typically a low EGT during the cycle (cold weather, short trips) or a partially aged catalyst before the DPF.",
        "de": "Regenerationen an Bank 2 dauern länger als kalibriert - meist zu niedrige EGT während des Zyklus (Kälte, Kurzstrecke) oder ein teilweise gealterter Vorkatalysator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_too_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regeneration too slow",
            "de": "Regeneration zu langsam"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P243E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Regeneration Incomplete Bank 2",
        "de": "Partikelfilter Regeneration unvollständig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A regeneration cycle on bank 2 was started but did not bring the DPF backpressure down sufficiently - either the cycle was interrupted (driver stopped before completion) or thermal conditions were not met.",
        "de": "Ein Regenerationszyklus an Bank 2 wurde gestartet, der DPF-Gegendruck konnte aber nicht ausreichend gesenkt werden - entweder wurde der Zyklus abgebrochen (Fahrer hielt zu früh) oder die thermischen Bedingungen wurden nicht erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_aborted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regeneration aborted before completion",
            "de": "Regeneration vor Abschluss abgebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P243F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Restriction Soot Accumulation Too High Bank 2",
        "de": "Partikelfilter eingeschränkt - Russansammlung zu hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Soot loading on bank 2 DPF has reached a level that exceeds even the high-load regeneration capability - manual workshop regeneration or DPF cleaning required.",
        "de": "Die Russbeladung am DPF Bank 2 hat ein Niveau erreicht, das selbst die Hochlast-Regeneration überschreitet - Werkstatt-Regeneration oder DPF-Reinigung notwendig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "soot_too_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Soot loading critical",
            "de": "Russbeladung kritisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2440",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve Stuck Open (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Sekundärluft-Umschaltventil hängt offen (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The switching/check valve in the secondary air injection plumbing on bank 1 is stuck in the open position. With the valve permanently open, exhaust gas can back-feed into the air pump and corrode it, while the downstream O2 sensor sees ambient air constantly.",
        "de": "Das Umschalt-/Rückschlagventil im Sekundärluftpfad auf Bank 1 hängt in offener Stellung. Bei dauerhaft offenem Ventil kann Abgas in die Luftpumpe rückströmen und sie zerstören, während die Lambdasonde nach Kat dauerhaft Umgebungsluft sieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_switching_valve",
        "secondary_air_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sai_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching valve stuck open by carbon or corrosion",
            "de": "Umschaltventil durch Kohle oder Korrosion offen verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2441",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve Stuck Closed (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Sekundärluft-Umschaltventil hängt geschlossen (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The switching valve on bank 1 will not open when commanded, so no secondary air reaches the exhaust during cold start. Catalyst light-off is delayed and emissions during the cold-start window rise.",
        "de": "Das Umschaltventil auf Bank 1 öffnet bei Ansteuerung nicht — beim Kaltstart erreicht keine Sekundärluft den Abgastrakt. Der Katalysator-Light-off verzögert sich und die Kaltstart-Emissionen steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_switching_valve",
        "secondary_air_vacuum_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sai_valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching valve stuck closed by carbon",
            "de": "Umschaltventil durch Kohle geschlossen verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sai_vacuum_line_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum control line leak",
            "de": "Unterdruck-Steuerleitung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2440"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2442",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve Stuck Open (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Sekundärluft-Umschaltventil hängt offen (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The switching/check valve in the secondary air injection plumbing on bank 2 is stuck in the open position. With the valve permanently open, exhaust gas can back-feed into the air pump and corrode it, while the downstream O2 sensor sees ambient air constantly.",
        "de": "Das Umschalt-/Rückschlagventil im Sekundärluftpfad auf Bank 2 hängt in offener Stellung. Bei dauerhaft offenem Ventil kann Abgas in die Luftpumpe rückströmen und sie zerstören, während die Lambdasonde nach Kat dauerhaft Umgebungsluft sieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_switching_valve",
        "secondary_air_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sai_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching valve stuck open",
            "de": "Umschaltventil offen verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2440"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2443",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Switching Valve Stuck Closed (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Sekundärluft-Umschaltventil hängt geschlossen (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The switching valve on bank 2 will not open when commanded, so no secondary air reaches the exhaust during cold start. Catalyst light-off is delayed and emissions during the cold-start window rise.",
        "de": "Das Umschaltventil auf Bank 2 öffnet bei Ansteuerung nicht — beim Kaltstart erreicht keine Sekundärluft den Abgastrakt. Der Katalysator-Light-off verzögert sich und die Kaltstart-Emissionen steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_switching_valve",
        "secondary_air_vacuum_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sai_valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Umschaltventil geschlossen verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2441"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2444",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Pump Stuck Off (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Sekundärluftpumpe hängt aus (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary-air pump does not run when commanded during cold start. Often a seized pump (after exhaust back-feed corroded the impeller), a blown fuse, or a failed relay.",
        "de": "Die Sekundärluftpumpe läuft beim Kaltstart trotz Ansteuerung nicht an. Häufig eine festsitzende Pumpe (nach Abgasrückströmung korrodiertes Laufrad), eine durchgebrannte Sicherung oder ein defektes Relais."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_pump",
        "secondary_air_pump_relay",
        "secondary_air_pump_fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sai_pump_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump seized by corrosion",
            "de": "Pumpe durch Korrosion festgegangen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sai_relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump relay failed",
            "de": "Pumpenrelais defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sai_fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump fuse blown",
            "de": "Pumpensicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2445",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection System Pump Stuck On (Bank 1)",
        "de": "Sekundärluftpumpe hängt ein (Bank 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary-air pump continues to run after the cold-start window, when the ECU has commanded it off. Usually a stuck-closed relay welding the pump permanently to battery voltage.",
        "de": "Die Sekundärluftpumpe läuft auch nach dem Kaltstartfenster weiter, obwohl die Motorsteuerung sie abschaltet. Meist ein verklebter Relais-Kontakt, der die Pumpe dauerhaft auf Batteriespannung hält."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_pump",
        "secondary_air_pump_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sai_relay_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump relay stuck closed",
            "de": "Pumpenrelais hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sai_drive_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2444"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2446",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection Pump Stuck Off (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Sekundärluftpumpe hängt aus (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 secondary air pump does not deliver air when commanded. The catalyst light-off process is delayed and cold-start emissions rise.",
        "de": "Die Sekundärluftpumpe an Bank 2 fördert bei Anforderung keine Luft. Der Katalysator-Lightoff verzögert sich und die Kaltstartemissionen steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_pump_b2",
        "secondary_air_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sai_pump_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump seized from condensate corrosion",
            "de": "Pumpe durch Kondensatkorrosion fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sai_relay_failed_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay failed open",
            "de": "Relais defekt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2447",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Secondary Air Injection Pump Stuck On (Bank 2)",
        "de": "Sekundärluftpumpe hängt ein (Bank 2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bank 2 secondary air pump runs continuously. Either a stuck-on relay or a shorted control output keeps the pump powered when it should be off.",
        "de": "Die Sekundärluftpumpe an Bank 2 läuft dauerhaft. Entweder ein hängendes Relais oder eine durchlegierte Endstufe hält die Pumpe in Betrieb, obwohl sie aus sein sollte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_pump_b2",
        "secondary_air_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sai_relay_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay stuck closed",
            "de": "Relais hängt geschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sai_driver_shorted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stage shorted on",
            "de": "Endstufe durchlegiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2446"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2448",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System High Air Flow Bank 1",
        "de": "AIR-System - zu hoher Luftstrom Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary air injection system on bank 1 delivers more flow than calibrated when the pump is commanded on - typically a stuck-open switching valve allowing free flow.",
        "de": "Das Sekundärluft-System an Bank 1 liefert bei aktivierter Pumpe mehr Volumen als kalibriert - meist hängt das Schaltventil offen und lässt Freistrom zu."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_system_pump_b1",
        "air_system_switching_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switching_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "AIR switching valve stuck open",
            "de": "AIR-Schaltventil hängt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2449",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System High Air Flow Bank 2",
        "de": "AIR-System - zu hoher Luftstrom Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary air injection system on bank 2 delivers more flow than calibrated when the pump is commanded on - typically a stuck-open switching valve allowing free flow.",
        "de": "Das Sekundärluft-System an Bank 2 liefert bei aktivierter Pumpe mehr Volumen als kalibriert - meist hängt das Schaltventil offen und lässt Freistrom zu."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_system_pump_b2",
        "air_system_switching_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switching_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "AIR switching valve stuck open",
            "de": "AIR-Schaltventil hängt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P244A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Differential Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter Differenzdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The differential pressure across the DPF is below the calibrated minimum even at higher loads. Often a sign of a damaged or missing filter substrate, or a leak in the sensing line.",
        "de": "Der Differenzdruck ueber den Dieselpartikelfilter liegt selbst bei hoeherer Last unterhalb des kalibrierten Mindestwerts. Hinweis auf einen beschaedigten oder fehlenden Filtertraeger oder ein Leck in der Messleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_diff_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_substrate_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked or missing DPF substrate",
            "de": "Beschaedigter oder fehlender DPF-Traeger"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_line_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in pressure sensing line",
            "de": "Leck in der Messleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P244B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Differential Pressure Sensor Offset",
        "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter Differenzdrucksensor Offset"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "At engine off, the DPF differential pressure sensor does not return to zero within the allowed offset window. The static offset is too large to be ignored.",
        "de": "Bei Motorstillstand kehrt der DPF-Differenzdrucksensor nicht innerhalb des zulaessigen Offsetfensters auf null zurueck. Der statische Offset ist zu gross, um ignoriert zu werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_diff_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero-point drift",
            "de": "Drift des Sensor-Nullpunkts"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P244C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Temperature Too Low For Particulate Filter Regeneration Bank 1",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur zu niedrig für Partikelfilter-Regeneration Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During an attempted regeneration of the bank 1 DPF the EGT did not reach the temperature window needed for soot oxidation. Regeneration could not start or was held. Driving in higher load is needed.",
        "de": "Während eines Regenerationsversuchs des DPF Bank 1 hat die EGT das für die Russoxidation benötigte Temperaturfenster nicht erreicht. Die Regeneration konnte nicht starten oder wurde angehalten. Fahrt mit höherer Last nötig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b1",
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_too_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine load too low for regeneration",
            "de": "Motorlast zu niedrig für Regeneration"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P244D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Temperature Too High For Particulate Filter Regeneration Bank 1",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur zu hoch für Partikelfilter-Regeneration Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P244C with the EGT too high - regeneration paused to protect filter substrate from melt damage.",
        "de": "Wie P244C, mit zu hoher EGT - die Regeneration wurde unterbrochen, um das Filtersubstrat vor Schmelzschäden zu schützen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b1",
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_too_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine load too high - filter overheating risk",
            "de": "Motorlast zu hoch - Überhitzungsrisiko für den Filter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P244E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Temperature Too Low For Particulate Filter Regeneration Bank 2",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur zu niedrig für Partikelfilter-Regeneration Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During an attempted regeneration of the bank 2 DPF the EGT did not reach the temperature window needed for soot oxidation. Regeneration could not start or was held. Driving in higher load is needed.",
        "de": "Während eines Regenerationsversuchs des DPF Bank 2 hat die EGT das für die Russoxidation benötigte Temperaturfenster nicht erreicht. Die Regeneration konnte nicht starten oder wurde angehalten. Fahrt mit höherer Last nötig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_too_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine load too low for regeneration",
            "de": "Motorlast zu niedrig für Regeneration"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P244F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Temperature Too High For Particulate Filter Regeneration Bank 2",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur zu hoch für Partikelfilter-Regeneration Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P244D on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P244D, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_too_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine load too high - filter overheating risk",
            "de": "Motorlast zu hoch - Überhitzungsrisiko für den Filter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2450",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Switching Valve Performance/Stuck",
        "de": "Tankentlueftungs-Umschaltventil Funktion/Festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP switching valve does not respond to commands as expected. The valve is mechanically stuck or unable to switch between purge and vent paths, blocking proper leak diagnosis.",
        "de": "Das Tankentlueftungs-Umschaltventil reagiert nicht wie erwartet auf Steuersignale. Das Ventil ist mechanisch festgesetzt oder kann nicht zwischen Spuelung und Belueftung umschalten, was eine korrekte Leckdiagnose verhindert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_switching_valve",
        "evap_canister"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_mechanical_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical failure of valve",
            "de": "Mechanischer Defekt des Ventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contamination preventing motion",
            "de": "Verunreinigung blockiert Bewegung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2451",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Switching Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "EVAP-System Umschaltventil hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP switching valve - which directs vapor flow between purge and leak-detection paths - is stuck in the closed position. The diagnostic cycle cannot complete.",
        "de": "Das EVAP-Umschaltventil - das Dampfstrom zwischen Spül- und Lecktest-Pfaden umschaltet - sitzt in geschlossener Position fest. Der Diagnosezyklus kann nicht ablaufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2452",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the DPF differential-pressure sensor circuit. Without a valid pressure reading the ECU cannot estimate soot load and may inhibit regeneration.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Stromkreis des DPF-Differenzdrucksensors. Ohne gültiges Drucksignal kann die Motorsteuerung die Rußbeladung nicht abschätzen und unterbindet ggf. die Regeneration."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor",
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_pressure_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "DPF-Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_pressure_hose_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor sample hoses clogged with soot",
            "de": "Mess-Schläuche zum Sensor mit Ruß verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2453",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DPF Drucksensor Stromkreis Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF differential-pressure sensor produces a value that is electrically valid but does not match expectations — for example a non-zero reading with engine off or no change between idle and load.",
        "de": "Der DPF-Differenzdrucksensor liefert ein elektrisch gültiges Signal, das aber nicht zu den Betriebsbedingungen passt — etwa ein Wert ungleich null bei Motor aus oder keine Änderung zwischen Leerlauf und Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor",
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_pressure_hose_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sample hoses clogged or kinked",
            "de": "Mess-Schläuche verstopft oder geknickt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_pressure_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2452"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2454",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "DPF Drucksensor Stromkreis Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the DPF differential-pressure sensor signal line is below the lower threshold. Typically a short to ground or an open in the supply line.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des DPF-Differenzdrucksensors liegt unter dem Schwellwert. Typisch ein Kurzschluss nach Masse oder eine Unterbrechung der Versorgungsleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor",
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference voltage line open",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2452"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2455",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "DPF Drucksensor Stromkreis Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the DPF pressure sensor line exceeds the upper threshold. Usually a short to supply or an open ground on the sensor.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der DPF-Drucksensor-Leitung übersteigt den oberen Schwellwert. Meist ein Kurzschluss nach Plus oder eine unterbrochene Masseleitung am Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor",
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor ground open",
            "de": "Sensormasse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2452"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2456",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DPF Differential Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "DPF Differenzdrucksensor Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF differential-pressure sensor delivers an intermittent signal — usually a marginal connector or a chafed wiring section that breaks contact during temperature or vibration.",
        "de": "Der DPF-Differenzdrucksensor liefert ein sporadisches Signal — meist ein grenzwertiger Stecker oder eine gescheuerte Leitung, die unter Temperatur oder Vibration Kontakt verliert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor",
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector intermittent",
            "de": "Stecker mit Wackelkontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed against bracket",
            "de": "Leitung an Halter gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2457",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Performance",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR cooler does not lower exhaust gas temperature as expected — typically internal coolant fouling, a partial blockage, or a cracked cooler that mixes coolant with exhaust gas.",
        "de": "Der AGR-Kühler senkt die Abgastemperatur nicht wie erwartet — typisch bei innerer Kühlmittelversottung, Teilverstopfung oder einem gerissenen Kühler, der Kühlmittel mit Abgas vermischt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler",
        "egr_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_cooler_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooler internally clogged with soot",
            "de": "Kühler innen mit Ruß verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_cooler_cracked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooler cracked, coolant entering exhaust",
            "de": "Kühler gerissen, Kühlmittel gelangt ins Abgas"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2458",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DPF Regeneration Duration",
        "de": "DPF-Regeneration Dauer"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF regeneration cycle takes longer than the calibrated maximum. The ECU sets this code when the soot load is not being burned off within the expected window — common after many short trips or with degraded post-injection.",
        "de": "Der DPF-Regenerationszyklus dauert länger als das kalibrierte Maximum. Die Motorsteuerung setzt diesen Code, wenn die Rußbeladung nicht im erwarteten Zeitfenster abgebrannt wird — häufig nach vielen Kurzstrecken oder bei schwacher Nacheinspritzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_temperature_sensor",
        "fuel_injectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_loaded_failed_regen",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heavy soot load, short trips",
            "de": "Hohe Russbeladung, Kurzstrecken"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "post_injection_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Post-injection insufficient",
            "de": "Nacheinspritzung zu schwach"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2459",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration Frequency",
        "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter Regenerationshäufigkeit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Active DPF regenerations are being requested more often than the calibration window allows. Indicates that soot accumulates faster than the filter can burn it off — typically due to short-trip use, leaking injectors, or excessive engine oil consumption.",
        "de": "Aktive DPF-Regenerationen werden häufiger angefordert als das Kalibrierungsfenster zulässt. Hinweis darauf, dass Ruß schneller anfällt als der Filter ihn abbrennen kann — typisch bei Kurzstreckenbetrieb, undichten Injektoren oder hohem Motorölverbrauch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "fuel_injector",
        "turbocharger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_trip_usage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Predominantly short-trip operation",
            "de": "Überwiegend Kurzstreckenbetrieb"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_leaking",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking injector raises soot output",
            "de": "Undichter Injektor erhöht Rußausstoß"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_consumption_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High engine oil consumption (turbo seals, valve stems)",
            "de": "Hoher Motorölverbrauch (Turbo-Dichtungen, Ventilschäfte)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P245A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Circuit Open Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Steuerkreis - offen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR cooler bypass valve on bank 1 - routes EGR around the cooler during cold-start to keep cabin and engine warm-up fast - has an open control circuit.",
        "de": "Das AGR-Kühler-Bypassventil an Bank 1 - leitet AGR während des Kaltstarts am Kühler vorbei, um Kabine und Motor schneller zu erwärmen - hat einen unterbrochenen Steuerkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P245B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Circuit Range or Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Steuerkreis - Bereich/Funktion Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P245A with the actuator electrically intact yet not delivering the commanded position.",
        "de": "Wie P245A, mit elektrisch intaktem Stellglied, das aber die geforderte Position nicht erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass valve sticking due to soot",
            "de": "Bypassventil durch Russ verklebt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P245C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Steuerkreis - niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P245A with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P245A, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P245D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Steuerkreis - hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P245A with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P245A, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P245E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the secondary differential pressure sensor B across the DPF - measures backpressure for the regeneration strategy.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am sekundären Differenzdrucksensor B am DPF - misst den Gegendruck für die Regenerationsstrategie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P245F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor B Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor B Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P245E with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P245E, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2460",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DPF Restriction — Forced Limited Power",
        "de": "DPF Verstopfung — Leistung notbegrenzt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF restriction has reached a level that forces the ECU to limit engine power. The driver must allow a forced regeneration or have the filter serviced before normal power is restored.",
        "de": "Die DPF-Verstopfung hat einen Wert erreicht, bei dem die Motorsteuerung die Leistung notbegrenzt. Vor Wiederherstellung der vollen Leistung muss eine Zwangsregeneration oder eine Filterwartung erfolgen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_loaded_failed_regen",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heavy soot load, regenerations skipped",
            "de": "Hohe Russbeladung, Regenerationen ausgefallen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_ash_loaded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ash loaded near service interval",
            "de": "Aschebeladung nahe Wartungsintervall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2461",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DPF Restriction — Forced Limited",
        "de": "DPF Verstopfung — Notbegrenzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF restriction has reached the limit defined for forced limited operation. Vehicle behaviour depends on the manufacturer — usually a hard torque cap with a service warning.",
        "de": "Die DPF-Verstopfung hat den Grenzwert für die Notbegrenzung erreicht. Das Fahrverhalten hängt vom Hersteller ab — meist ein hartes Drehmomentlimit mit Wartungshinweis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_loaded_failed_regen",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heavy soot load, regenerations skipped",
            "de": "Hohe Russbeladung, Regenerationen ausgefallen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_ash_loaded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ash loaded near service interval",
            "de": "Aschebeladung nahe Wartungsintervall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2460"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2462",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Restriction - Soot Accumulation",
        "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter Verstopfung - Russbeladung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF differential pressure sensor reports a backpressure rise consistent with excessive soot accumulation. The filter cannot regenerate fast enough, eventually causing limp mode.",
        "de": "Der DPF-Differenzdrucksensor meldet einen Staudruckanstieg, der auf eine zu hohe Russbeladung hinweist. Der Filter kann nicht schnell genug regenerieren, was schliesslich zum Notlauf fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_diff_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "failed_regeneration",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Repeated failed regeneration cycles",
            "de": "Wiederholte abgebrochene Regenerationen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heavily clogged DPF",
            "de": "Stark verstopfter DPF"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2463",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Restriction — Soot Accumulation",
        "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter Verstopfung — Rußbeladung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The estimated soot mass in the DPF has crossed the upper limit and the ECU could not complete a regeneration to bring it back down. Very common on cars used on short trips. Continued driving in this state risks a runaway regeneration that destroys the filter.",
        "de": "Die geschätzte Rußmasse im DPF hat den oberen Grenzwert überschritten und die Motorsteuerung konnte sie nicht durch eine Regeneration zurückführen. Sehr häufig bei Fahrzeugen mit Kurzstreckenprofil. Weiterfahren in diesem Zustand birgt das Risiko einer unkontrollierten Regeneration, die den Filter zerstört."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_differential_pressure_sensor",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_loaded_failed_regen",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF heavily loaded after multiple aborted regenerations",
            "de": "DPF stark beladen nach mehrfach abgebrochenen Regenerationen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_trip_usage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Predominantly short-trip operation",
            "de": "Überwiegend Kurzstreckenbetrieb"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dpf_pressure_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Differential pressure sensor reading drifted high",
            "de": "Differenzdrucksensor liest zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2464",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Differential Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter Differenzdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The differential pressure across the DPF exceeds the calibrated upper threshold during operation. Indicates severe blockage of the filter element.",
        "de": "Der Differenzdruck ueber den Dieselpartikelfilter ueberschreitet im Betrieb den kalibrierten oberen Schwellenwert. Hinweis auf eine starke Verstopfung des Filterelements."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_particulate_filter",
        "dpf_diff_pressure_sensor",
        "dpf_pressure_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF heavily clogged",
            "de": "DPF stark verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_line_blocked",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blocked pressure sensing line",
            "de": "Verstopfte Druckmessleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2465",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Particulate Filter Differential Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter Differenzdrucksensor Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF differential pressure sensor signal is implausible compared to engine load and exhaust flow. Either the sensor or the pressure tubes leading to it are at fault.",
        "de": "Das Signal des DPF-Differenzdrucksensors ist gegenueber Motorlast und Abgasstrom unplausibel. Entweder der Sensor selbst oder die Druckleitungen sind defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_diff_pressure_sensor",
        "dpf_pressure_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_line_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Soot/water clogged pressure tubes",
            "de": "Russ/Wasser verstopfen Druckleitungen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensordrift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2466",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 3 (typically just downstream of the turbo or before the catalyst). The ECU loses thermal protection feedback for the catalyst and DPF.",
        "de": "An dem EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 3 (meist direkt nach dem Turbo oder vor dem Katalysator) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das Steuergerät verliert die thermische Schutzrückmeldung für Katalysator und DPF."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2467",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Range or Performance Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor - Bereich/Funktion Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242B on bank 2 sensor 3.",
        "de": "Wie P242B, an Bank 2 Sensor 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2468",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242C on bank 2 sensor 3.",
        "de": "Wie P242C, an Bank 2 Sensor 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2469",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242D on bank 2 sensor 3.",
        "de": "Wie P242D, an Bank 2 Sensor 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P246A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242E on bank 2 sensor 3.",
        "de": "Wie P242E, an Bank 2 Sensor 3."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P246B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Conditions Incorrect for Particulate Filter Regeneration",
        "de": "Fahrzeugbedingungen für Partikelfilter-Regeneration nicht erfüllt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driving pattern (short trips, low speed, frequent stops) does not provide the load and EGT needed for passive or active DPF regeneration. Filter loading rises until limit reached.",
        "de": "Das Fahrprofil (Kurzstrecken, niedrige Geschwindigkeit, häufige Stopps) bietet nicht die Last und EGT, die passive oder aktive DPF-Regeneration brauchen. Die Filterbeladung steigt bis zur Grenze."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_trip_pattern",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short-trip operation",
            "de": "Kurzstreckenbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P246C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Restriction Forced Limited Power Bank 1",
        "de": "Partikelfilter eingeschränkt - erzwungene Leistungsbegrenzung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "DPF backpressure on bank 2 is so high that the ECU enforces limp-home power limitation to protect the engine. Regeneration must be performed (or the DPF cleaned) to clear the limit.",
        "de": "Der DPF-Gegendruck an Bank 2 ist so hoch, dass das Steuergerät eine Notlauf-Leistungsbegrenzung erzwingt, um den Motor zu schützen. Eine Regeneration (oder DPF-Reinigung) ist nötig, um die Begrenzung aufzuheben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF heavily clogged",
            "de": "DPF stark verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P246D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor A and B Correlation",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensoren A und B - Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The two DPF differential pressure sensors A and B disagree by more than the diagnostic tolerance - one of them has drifted.",
        "de": "Die beiden DPF-Differenzdrucksensoren A und B weichen mehr als die Diagnose-Toleranz voneinander ab - einer hat Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_a",
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor has drifted",
            "de": "Ein Sensor hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P246E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis Bank 1 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the EGT sensor at bank 1 sensor 4 (typically just downstream of the turbo or before the catalyst). The ECU loses thermal protection feedback for the catalyst and DPF.",
        "de": "An dem EGT-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 4 (meist direkt nach dem Turbo oder vor dem Katalysator) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das Steuergerät verliert die thermische Schutzrückmeldung für Katalysator und DPF."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P246F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant System Cold Start Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-System Kaltstart Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "At cold start the SCR system is unable to begin reductant dosing within the required time. Typical cause on diesel cars in winter — frozen AdBlue in the tank or lines, failed tank heater, or a slow-warming SCR catalyst.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart kann das SCR-System die Reduktionsmittel-Dosierung nicht innerhalb der geforderten Zeit aufnehmen. Typische Ursache bei Dieseln im Winter — gefrorenes AdBlue im Tank oder in den Leitungen, defekte Tankheizung oder ein langsam aufheizender SCR-Katalysator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "adblue_tank_heater",
        "adblue_lines",
        "scr_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adblue_frozen",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "AdBlue frozen — tank or line heater not working",
            "de": "AdBlue eingefroren — Tank- oder Leitungsheizung defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scr_warmup_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "SCR catalyst slow to reach light-off",
            "de": "SCR-Katalysator erreicht Light-off zu langsam"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2470",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis sporadisch Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust gas temperature sensor 3 on bank 1 (often after the DPF) shows intermittent dropouts. Erratic readings disturb DPF regeneration logic.",
        "de": "Der Abgastemperatursensor 3 auf Bank 1 (oft nach dem DPF) zeigt sporadische Ausfaelle. Unsaubere Werte stoeren die Regenerationslogik des DPF."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor",
        "egt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_chafed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed wiring near hot exhaust",
            "de": "Beschaedigte Verkabelung am heissen Abgastrakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2471",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "EGT sensor 3 on bank 1 reports values that are not plausible for current operating conditions. Either drift or wiring resistance changes the signal away from the expected value.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor 3 auf Bank 1 meldet fuer die aktuellen Betriebsbedingungen unplausible Werte. Drift oder veraenderter Leitungswiderstand bringen das Signal aus dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor",
        "egt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGT sensor drift",
            "de": "EGT-Sensordrift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased wiring resistance",
            "de": "Erhoehter Leitungswiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2472",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage from EGT sensor 3 on bank 1 is below the calibrated minimum. The signal indicates either a short to ground or a sensor returning impossibly low temperature.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des EGT-Sensors 3 auf Bank 1 liegt unter dem kalibrierten Mindestwert. Das Signal weist auf einen Masseschluss oder einen Sensor mit unrealistisch niedriger Temperatur hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor",
        "egt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensorkurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2473",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis hoch Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage of EGT sensor 3 on bank 1 is above the calibrated maximum. Often a sign of an open sensor circuit or a short to supply voltage.",
        "de": "Die Spannung des EGT-Sensors 3 auf Bank 1 liegt oberhalb des kalibrierten Maximalwerts. Hinweis auf eine offene Sensorleitung oder einen Kurzschluss zur Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor",
        "egt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor circuit",
            "de": "Offene Sensorleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2474",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Range or Performance Bank 2 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor - Bereich/Funktion Bank 2 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242B on bank 2 sensor 4.",
        "de": "Wie P242B, an Bank 2 Sensor 4."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2475",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 2 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242C on bank 2 sensor 4.",
        "de": "Wie P242C, an Bank 2 Sensor 4."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2476",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 2 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242D on bank 2 sensor 4.",
        "de": "Wie P242D, an Bank 2 Sensor 4."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2477",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic Bank 2 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 2 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242E on bank 2 sensor 4.",
        "de": "Wie P242E, an Bank 2 Sensor 4."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2478",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Out of Range Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur ausserhalb des Bereichs Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 1 sensor 1 reports a value outside its plausible operating range over time - typically a degraded element giving an offset that the substitute logic flags as implausible.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 1 meldet zeitlich anhaltend einen Wert ausserhalb seines plausiblen Betriebsbereichs - typisch für ein gealtertes Element, das einen Offset liefert, den die Ersatzwertlogik als unplausibel markiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2479",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Out of Range Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur ausserhalb des Bereichs Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 1 sensor 2 reports a value outside its plausible operating range over time - typically a degraded element giving an offset that the substitute logic flags as implausible.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 2 meldet zeitlich anhaltend einen Wert ausserhalb seines plausiblen Betriebsbereichs - typisch für ein gealtertes Element, das einen Offset liefert, den die Ersatzwertlogik als unplausibel markiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P247A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Out of Range Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur ausserhalb des Bereichs Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 1 sensor 3 reports a value outside its plausible operating range over time - typically a degraded element giving an offset that the substitute logic flags as implausible.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 3 meldet zeitlich anhaltend einen Wert ausserhalb seines plausiblen Betriebsbereichs - typisch für ein gealtertes Element, das einen Offset liefert, den die Ersatzwertlogik als unplausibel markiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P247B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Out of Range Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur ausserhalb des Bereichs Bank 1 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 1 sensor 4 reports a value outside its plausible operating range over time - typically a degraded element giving an offset that the substitute logic flags as implausible.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 1 Sensor 4 meldet zeitlich anhaltend einen Wert ausserhalb seines plausiblen Betriebsbereichs - typisch für ein gealtertes Element, das einen Offset liefert, den die Ersatzwertlogik als unplausibel markiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P247C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Out of Range Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur ausserhalb des Bereichs Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 1 reports a value outside its plausible operating range over time - typically a degraded element giving an offset that the substitute logic flags as implausible.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 1 meldet zeitlich anhaltend einen Wert ausserhalb seines plausiblen Betriebsbereichs - typisch für ein gealtertes Element, das einen Offset liefert, den die Ersatzwertlogik als unplausibel markiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P247D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Out of Range Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur ausserhalb des Bereichs Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 2 reports a value outside its plausible operating range over time - typically a degraded element giving an offset that the substitute logic flags as implausible.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 2 meldet zeitlich anhaltend einen Wert ausserhalb seines plausiblen Betriebsbereichs - typisch für ein gealtertes Element, das einen Offset liefert, den die Ersatzwertlogik als unplausibel markiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P247E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Out of Range Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur ausserhalb des Bereichs Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 3 reports a value outside its plausible operating range over time - typically a degraded element giving an offset that the substitute logic flags as implausible.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 3 meldet zeitlich anhaltend einen Wert ausserhalb seines plausiblen Betriebsbereichs - typisch für ein gealtertes Element, das einen Offset liefert, den die Ersatzwertlogik als unplausibel markiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P247F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Out of Range Bank 2 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur ausserhalb des Bereichs Bank 2 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 4 reports a value outside its plausible operating range over time - typically a degraded element giving an offset that the substitute logic flags as implausible.",
        "de": "Der EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 4 meldet zeitlich anhaltend einen Wert ausserhalb seines plausiblen Betriebsbereichs - typisch für ein gealtertes Element, das einen Offset liefert, den die Ersatzwertlogik als unplausibel markiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element aged",
            "de": "Sensorelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2480",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis Bank 2 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on EGT sensor 3 on bank 2. The ECU loses the temperature reference required for DPF regeneration management on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am EGT-Sensor 3 auf Bank 2. Die ECU verliert die fuer die DPF-Regenerationsregelung auf Bank 2 noetige Temperaturreferenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor",
        "egt_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Defective EGT sensor",
            "de": "Defekter EGT-Sensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2481",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 5",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242C on bank 1 sensor 5.",
        "de": "Wie P242C, an Bank 1 Sensor 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2482",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 5",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 1 Sensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242D on bank 1 sensor 5.",
        "de": "Wie P242D, an Bank 1 Sensor 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2483",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Range or Performance Bank 1 Sensor 5",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor - Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242B on bank 1 sensor 5.",
        "de": "Wie P242B, an Bank 1 Sensor 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2484",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic Bank 1 Sensor 5",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 1 Sensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242E on bank 1 sensor 5.",
        "de": "Wie P242E, an Bank 1 Sensor 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2485",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Open Bank 2 Sensor 5",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - offen Bank 2 Sensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault is detected on the EGT sensor at bank 2 sensor 5 (typically just downstream of the turbo or before the catalyst). The ECU loses thermal protection feedback for the catalyst and DPF.",
        "de": "An dem EGT-Sensor an Bank 2 Sensor 5 (meist direkt nach dem Turbo oder vor dem Katalysator) wird ein allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler erkannt. Das Steuergerät verliert die thermische Schutzrückmeldung für Katalysator und DPF."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2486",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 5",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 2 Sensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242C on bank 2 sensor 5.",
        "de": "Wie P242C, an Bank 2 Sensor 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2487",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 5",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 2 Sensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242D on bank 2 sensor 5.",
        "de": "Wie P242D, an Bank 2 Sensor 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2488",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Range or Performance Bank 2 Sensor 5",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor - Bereich/Funktion Bank 2 Sensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242B on bank 2 sensor 5.",
        "de": "Wie P242B, an Bank 2 Sensor 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2489",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic Bank 2 Sensor 5",
        "de": "Abgastemperatursensor Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 2 Sensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P242E on bank 2 sensor 5.",
        "de": "Wie P242E, an Bank 2 Sensor 5."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P248A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater A Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung A Messkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sense feedback line for the AdBlue heater A measures voltage below the plausible range - typically a short to ground or open in the heater element.",
        "de": "Die Mess-Rückmeldeleitung der AdBlue-Heizung A misst eine Spannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs - meist Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder Unterbrechung im Heizelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P248B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater A Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung A Messkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P248A with the sense voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P248A, mit Messspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P248C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater B Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung B Messkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sense feedback line for the AdBlue heater A measures voltage below the plausible range - typically a short to ground or open in the heater element.",
        "de": "Die Mess-Rückmeldeleitung der AdBlue-Heizung A misst eine Spannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs - meist Kurzschluss gegen Masse oder Unterbrechung im Heizelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P248D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater B Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung B Messkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P248B on heater B.",
        "de": "Wie P248B, an Heizung B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Messleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P248E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Circuit Open Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Steuerkreis - offen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR cooler bypass valve on bank 2 - routes EGR around the cooler during cold-start to keep cabin and engine warm-up fast - has an open control circuit.",
        "de": "Das AGR-Kühler-Bypassventil an Bank 2 - leitet AGR während des Kaltstarts am Kühler vorbei, um Kabine und Motor schneller zu erwärmen - hat einen unterbrochenen Steuerkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P248F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Circuit Range or Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Steuerkreis - Bereich/Funktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P245B on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P245B, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass valve sticking due to soot",
            "de": "Bypassventil durch Russ verklebt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2490",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Steuerkreis - niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P245C on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P245C, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2491",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Steuerkreis - hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P245D on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P245D, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2492",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the position feedback sensor of the EGR cooler bypass valve on bank 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Lagerückmeldesensor des AGR-Kühler-Bypassventils an Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2493",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Range or Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor - Bereich/Funktion Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2492 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the actuator command.",
        "de": "Wie P2492, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Stellbefehl passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal offset",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2494",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2492 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P2492, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2495",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2492 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P2492, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2496",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2492 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P2492, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2497",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor Stromkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the position feedback sensor of the EGR cooler bypass valve on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Lagerückmeldesensor des AGR-Kühler-Bypassventils an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2498",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Range or Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor - Bereich/Funktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2493 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P2493, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal offset",
            "de": "Sensorsignal mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2499",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor Stromkreis - niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2494 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P2494, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P249A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor Stromkreis - hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2495 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P2495, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P249B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent or Erratic Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor Stromkreis - aussetzend Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P2496 on bank 2.",
        "de": "Wie P2496, an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P249C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time To Enter Closed Loop Reductant Injection Control",
        "de": "Übermässige Zeit bis zum Eintritt in die geschlossene AdBlue-Regelung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After cold start the AdBlue injection runs open-loop until SCR temperature is reached. The transition into closed-loop is taking longer than calibrated.",
        "de": "Nach dem Kaltstart läuft die AdBlue-Einspritzung im Steuerbetrieb, bis die SCR-Temperatur erreicht ist. Der Übergang in die geschlossene Regelung dauert länger als kalibriert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "reductant_injection_control"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "scr_warmup_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "SCR warm-up slow",
            "de": "SCR-Aufwärmen langsam"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P249D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop Reductant Injection Control At Limit Flow Too Low",
        "de": "Geschlossene AdBlue-Regelung an der Grenze - Strom zu gering"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "With reductant injection running closed-loop the controller drives the dosing valve to maximum opening but cannot reach the required AdBlue flow.",
        "de": "Im geschlossenen Regelbetrieb steuert die AdBlue-Regelung das Dosierventil bis zum maximalen Öffnen, erreicht aber nicht den geforderten Volumenstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injector",
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant pump pressure low",
            "de": "AdBlue-Pumpendruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P249E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop Reductant Injection Control At Limit Flow Too High",
        "de": "Geschlossene AdBlue-Regelung an der Grenze - Strom zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P249D with the controller fully closing the dosing valve yet still measuring more flow than needed - the valve does not seat fully.",
        "de": "Wie P249D, mit Regelung, die das Dosierventil komplett schliesst, aber trotzdem mehr Strom misst als nötig - das Ventil schliesst nicht sauber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seat_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dosing valve does not seat fully",
            "de": "Dosierventil schliesst nicht sauber"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P249F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time To Enter Closed Loop Particulate Filter Regeneration Control",
        "de": "Übermässige Zeit bis zum Eintritt in die geschlossene DPF-Regenerationsregelung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF regeneration controller cannot transition into its closed-loop temperature control quickly enough - typically because EGT does not rise to setpoint within the calibrated window.",
        "de": "Die DPF-Regenerationsregelung erreicht den geschlossenen Temperaturregelbetrieb nicht schnell genug - meist, weil die EGT nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Fensters auf den Sollwert steigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b1",
        "exhaust_gas_temperature_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egt_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGT rise too slow",
            "de": "EGT-Anstieg zu langsam"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop Particulate Filter Regeneration Control At Limit Temperature Too Low",
        "de": "Geschlossene DPF-Regenerationsregelung an der Grenze - Temperatur zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "With regeneration running closed-loop the controller is at maximum heat-input demand yet cannot raise EGT to setpoint - typical for a load-poor drive cycle.",
        "de": "Im geschlossenen Regelbetrieb fordert die Regenerationsregelung maximale Wärmeeinbringung, kann die EGT aber nicht auf den Sollwert anheben - typisch bei lastarmem Fahrprofil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_too_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive cycle load too low",
            "de": "Fahrzyklus mit zu wenig Last"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Closed Loop Particulate Filter Regeneration Control At Limit Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Geschlossene DPF-Regenerationsregelung an der Grenze - Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24A0 with the controller fully reducing heat input yet EGT still rising - typical for a runaway exotherm in the DPF (oil contamination).",
        "de": "Wie P24A0, mit Regelung, die die Wärmeeinbringung minimiert, EGT aber trotzdem steigt - typisch bei einem unkontrollierten Exotherm im DPF (Ölverunreinigung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_runaway",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF runaway exotherm",
            "de": "Unkontrolliertes DPF-Exotherm"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Regeneration Incomplete Bank 1",
        "de": "Partikelfilter Regeneration unvollständig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A regeneration cycle on bank 2 was started but did not bring the DPF backpressure down sufficiently - either the cycle was interrupted (driver stopped before completion) or thermal conditions were not met.",
        "de": "Ein Regenerationszyklus an Bank 2 wurde gestartet, der DPF-Gegendruck konnte aber nicht ausreichend gesenkt werden - entweder wurde der Zyklus abgebrochen (Fahrer hielt zu früh) oder die thermischen Bedingungen wurden nicht erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_aborted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regeneration aborted before completion",
            "de": "Regeneration vor Abschluss abgebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Restriction Soot Accumulation Bank 2",
        "de": "Partikelfilter eingeschränkt - Russansammlung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF on bank 2 has accumulated soot beyond the normal operating window. Active regeneration will be requested.",
        "de": "Der DPF an Bank 2 hat Russ über das normale Betriebsfenster hinaus angesammelt. Eine aktive Regeneration wird angefordert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "soot_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Soot loading high",
            "de": "Russbeladung hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Restriction Soot Accumulation Too High Bank 1",
        "de": "Partikelfilter eingeschränkt - Russansammlung zu hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Soot loading on bank 2 DPF has reached a level that exceeds even the high-load regeneration capability - manual workshop regeneration or DPF cleaning required.",
        "de": "Die Russbeladung am DPF Bank 2 hat ein Niveau erreicht, das selbst die Hochlast-Regeneration überschreitet - Werkstatt-Regeneration oder DPF-Reinigung notwendig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "soot_too_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Soot loading critical",
            "de": "Russbeladung kritisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Stuck Open Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass - hängt offen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR cooler bypass valve on bank 1 is mechanically stuck in the open (bypassing) position - EGR always bypasses the cooler, gas reaches the intake hotter than designed.",
        "de": "Das AGR-Kühler-Bypassventil an Bank 1 sitzt mechanisch in offener (Bypass-)Position fest - die AGR umgeht den Kühler dauerhaft, das Gas erreicht das Saugrohr heisser als ausgelegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ventil offen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Stuck Open Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass - hängt offen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR cooler bypass valve on bank 2 is mechanically stuck in the open (bypassing) position - EGR always bypasses the cooler, gas reaches the intake hotter than designed.",
        "de": "Das AGR-Kühler-Bypassventil an Bank 2 sitzt mechanisch in offener (Bypass-)Position fest - die AGR umgeht den Kühler dauerhaft, das Gas erreicht das Saugrohr heisser als ausgelegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ventil offen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Coolant Pump Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated coolant pump for the EGR cooler has an open control circuit - the pump cannot run, EGR cooler temperature rises beyond the safety threshold.",
        "de": "Die spezielle Kühlmittelpumpe des AGR-Kühlers hat einen unterbrochenen Steuerkreis - die Pumpe läuft nicht, die AGR-Kühlertemperatur steigt über den Schwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Pumpe oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Coolant Pump Performance Stuck Off",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler Kühlmittelpumpe - Funktion - hängt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pump is electrically intact but does not deliver flow when commanded - typically a worn impeller or seized rotor.",
        "de": "Die Pumpe ist elektrisch in Ordnung, fördert aber bei Anforderung keinen Strom - meist verschlissenes Pumpenrad oder fester Rotor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller worn or rotor seized",
            "de": "Pumpenrad verschlissen oder Rotor fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Coolant Pump Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24A7 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P24A7, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Coolant Pump Control Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24A7 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P24A7, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Coolant Pump Stuck On",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler Kühlmittelpumpe - hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pump or its driver is stuck on - the pump runs continuously, even with the engine off, draining battery and bleeding heat from the engine.",
        "de": "Pumpe oder Treiber hängen aktiv - die Pumpe läuft dauerhaft, auch bei abgestelltem Motor, entlädt die Batterie und führt Wärme aus dem Motor ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stage stuck on",
            "de": "Treiberstufe hängt ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Coolant Pump Feedback Circuit Low",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler Kühlmittelpumpe Rückmeldekreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The feedback line that confirms pump speed reads below the plausible range - either pump not turning or feedback line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Die Rückmeldeleitung, die die Pumpendrehzahl bestätigt, liest unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs - entweder Pumpe dreht nicht oder Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Coolant Pump Feedback Circuit High",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler Kühlmittelpumpe Rückmeldekreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24AC with the feedback line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P24AC, mit Rückmeldeleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the particulate matter (PM) sensor - measures soot in the exhaust downstream of the DPF to verify regeneration.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Partikelmasse-Sensor (PM-Sensor) - er misst die Russmenge im Abgas nach dem DPF, um die Regeneration zu prüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24AE with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P24AE, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24AE with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P24AE, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24AE with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P24AE, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24AE with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P24AE, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Heater Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Heizung Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PM sensor heater (regenerates the sensor by burning off accumulated soot) has an open control circuit.",
        "de": "Die Heizung des PM-Sensors (regeneriert den Sensor durch Abbrennen des angesammelten Russes) hat einen unterbrochenen Steuerkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Heizung oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Heater Control Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Heizung Steuerkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24B3 with the heater control loop in plausible range yet not matching the heater model.",
        "de": "Wie P24B3, mit Heizungs-Regelkreis im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zum Heizungsmodell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Heizung Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24B3 with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P24B3, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Heizung Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24B3 with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P24B3, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Heater Resistance",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Heizungswiderstand"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The resistance of the PM sensor heater is outside the calibrated band.",
        "de": "Der Widerstand der PM-Sensor-Heizung liegt ausserhalb des kalibrierten Bandes."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the LDP internal pressure sensor.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am internen Drucksensor der Leckdiagnose-Pumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Pressure Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Drucksensor - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24B8 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the pump operating curve.",
        "de": "Wie P24B8, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zur Pumpenkennlinie passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Drucksensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24B8 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P24B8, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Drucksensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24B8 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P24B8, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Drucksensor Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24B8 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P24B8, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Switching Valve Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Schaltventil Steuerkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The switching valve in the LDP - directs pump output between EVAP test path and reference orifice - has an open control circuit.",
        "de": "Das Schaltventil in der Leckdiagnose-Pumpe - leitet den Pumpenausgang zwischen EVAP-Prüfpfad und Referenzöffnung - hat einen unterbrochenen Steuerkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Switching Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Schaltventil Steuerkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24BD with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P24BD, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Switching Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Schaltventil Steuerkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24BD with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P24BD, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Switching Valve Stuck On",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Schaltventil hängt ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The LDP switching valve is stuck in the activated position.",
        "de": "Das Schaltventil der Leckdiagnose-Pumpe sitzt in aktivierter Position fest."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck on",
            "de": "Ventil hängt aktiv"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Switching Valve Performance Stuck Off",
        "de": "EVAP-System Leckdiagnose-Pumpe Schaltventil - Funktion - hängt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24C0 with the valve stuck off.",
        "de": "Wie P24C0, mit Ventil hängt aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump_switching_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck off",
            "de": "Ventil hängt aus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          1.8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Measurement System Multiple Sensor Correlation Bank 1",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur-Messsystem - Korrelation mehrerer Sensoren Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The multiple EGT sensors on bank 1 disagree by more than the diagnostic tolerance under stable conditions - one of them has drifted relative to the others.",
        "de": "Die mehreren EGT-Sensoren an Bank 1 weichen unter stabilen Bedingungen mehr als die Diagnose-Toleranz voneinander ab - einer hat Drift gegenüber den anderen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b1s1",
        "egt_sensor_b1s2",
        "egt_sensor_b1s3",
        "egt_sensor_b1s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor has drifted",
            "de": "Ein Sensor hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Measurement System Multiple Sensor Correlation Bank 2",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur-Messsystem - Korrelation mehrerer Sensoren Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The multiple EGT sensors on bank 2 disagree by more than the diagnostic tolerance under stable conditions - one of them has drifted relative to the others.",
        "de": "Die mehreren EGT-Sensoren an Bank 2 weichen unter stabilen Bedingungen mehr als die Diagnose-Toleranz voneinander ab - einer hat Drift gegenüber den anderen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_b2s1",
        "egt_sensor_b2s2",
        "egt_sensor_b2s3",
        "egt_sensor_b2s4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor has drifted",
            "de": "Ein Sensor hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Exceeded Learning Limit Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor - Lerngrenze überschritten Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bypass valve position sensor learning has reached its software-side limit on bank 1 - typically heavy soot deposits have shifted the mechanical zero beyond the design adaptation range.",
        "de": "Die Lernposition des Bypass-Lagesensors hat an Bank 1 ihre Software-Grenze erreicht - meist haben starke Russablagerungen den mechanischen Nullpunkt über den Adaptionsbereich hinaus verschoben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "carbon_build",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heavy carbon build-up on valve seat",
            "de": "Starke Russablagerung am Ventilsitz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Exceeded Learning Limit Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass Lagesensor - Lerngrenze überschritten Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bypass valve position sensor learning has reached its software-side limit on bank 2 - typically heavy soot deposits have shifted the mechanical zero beyond the design adaptation range.",
        "de": "Die Lernposition des Bypass-Lagesensors hat an Bank 2 ihre Software-Grenze erreicht - meist haben starke Russablagerungen den mechanischen Nullpunkt über den Adaptionsbereich hinaus verschoben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "carbon_build",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heavy carbon build-up on valve seat",
            "de": "Starke Russablagerung am Ventilsitz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Temperature Circuit",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Temperatur Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the temperature element of the PM sensor - used to verify that the sensor is hot enough for measurement after regeneration.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am Temperaturelement des PM-Sensors - zur Prüfung, ob der Sensor nach der Regeneration heiss genug für die Messung ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in temperature element",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im Temperaturelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Temperature Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Temperatur Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24C6 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P24C6, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature element drifted",
            "de": "Temperaturelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Temperature Circuit Low",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Temperatur Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24C6 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P24C6, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Temperature Circuit High",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Temperatur Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24C6 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P24C6, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Temperature Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Temperatur Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24C6 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P24C6, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Cap Switch Circuit",
        "de": "AdBlue-Tankdeckel-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the AdBlue tank cap switch - reports whether the cap is properly closed.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am AdBlue-Tankdeckel-Schalter - meldet, ob der Deckel sauber geschlossen ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_cap_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Schalter oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Cap Switch Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "AdBlue-Tankdeckel-Schalter Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24CB with input in plausible range yet not matching driver action.",
        "de": "Wie P24CB, mit Eingang im plausiblen Bereich, der aber nicht zur Fahrerhandlung passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_cap_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contact drifted",
            "de": "Kontakt mit Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Cap Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "AdBlue-Tankdeckel-Schalter Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24CB with the signal shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P24CB, mit Signal gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_cap_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Cap Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "AdBlue-Tankdeckel-Schalter Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24CB with the signal shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P24CB, mit Signal gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_cap_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Cap Switch Circuit Intermittent or Erratic",
        "de": "AdBlue-Tankdeckel-Schalter Stromkreis - aussetzend oder erratisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24CB with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P24CB, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_cap_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PM sensor supply voltage is below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des PM-Sensors liegt unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Regeneration Incomplete",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Regeneration unvollständig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A sensor regeneration cycle (heating to burn off accumulated soot) did not complete - sensor cannot return to measurement mode.",
        "de": "Ein Regenerationszyklus des PM-Sensors (Aufheizen zum Abbrand des angesammelten Russes) wurde nicht abgeschlossen - der Sensor kann nicht in den Messmodus zurückkehren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_aborted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regeneration aborted before completion",
            "de": "Regeneration vor Abschluss abgebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater A Sense Circuit",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung A Messkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the AdBlue heater A sense feedback line.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler an der Mess-Rückmeldeleitung der AdBlue-Heizung A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Messleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater B Sense Circuit",
        "de": "AdBlue-Heizung B Messkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the AdBlue heater A sense feedback line.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler an der Mess-Rückmeldeleitung der AdBlue-Heizung A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Messleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Coolant Pump Feedback Circuit",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler Kühlmittelpumpe Rückmeldekreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the feedback line that the EGR cooler coolant pump reports speed on.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler an der Rückmeldeleitung, mit der die AGR-Kühler-Kühlmittelpumpe ihre Drehzahl meldet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in feedback wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Rückmeldeleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor or Switch B Circuit",
        "de": "EVAP-System Drucksensor/Schalter B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the secondary EVAP system pressure sensor or switch B.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am sekundären EVAP-Drucksensor oder -Schalter B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor or Switch B Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "EVAP-System Drucksensor/Schalter B - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24D5 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P24D5, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor or Switch B Circuit Low",
        "de": "EVAP-System Drucksensor/Schalter B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24D5 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P24D5, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor or Switch B Circuit High",
        "de": "EVAP-System Drucksensor/Schalter B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24D5 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P24D5, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor or Switch B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "EVAP-System Drucksensor/Schalter B Stromkreis - aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24D5 with intermittent or erratic signal.",
        "de": "Wie P24D5, mit aussetzendem oder erratischem Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact at connector",
            "de": "Wackelkontakt am Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          280
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Exhaust Sample Error Bank 1",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Abgas-Abtastfehler Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PM sensor on bank 1 cannot acquire a valid exhaust sample - probe fouled, exhaust path obstructed at sensor, or sensor seal leaking.",
        "de": "Der PM-Sensor an Bank 1 kann keine gültige Abgasprobe ermitteln - Sondenkopf verschmutzt, Abgasweg am Sensor blockiert oder Sondendichtung undicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_matter_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensing element fouled",
            "de": "Messelement verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve B Circuit Open",
        "de": "AdBlue-Spülventil B Stromkreis - offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary reductant purge valve B - which clears AdBlue from injector and lines at shutdown to prevent crystallisation - has an open control circuit.",
        "de": "Das sekundäre AdBlue-Spülventil B - das beim Abstellen den Injektor und die Leitungen entleert, um Kristallisation zu vermeiden - hat einen unterbrochenen Steuerkreis."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Ventil oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve B Performance",
        "de": "AdBlue-Spülventil B - Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24DB with the actuator electrically intact yet not delivering the commanded purge flow.",
        "de": "Wie P24DB, mit elektrisch intaktem Stellglied, das aber den geforderten Spülstrom nicht erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve sticking",
            "de": "Spülventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve B Circuit Low",
        "de": "AdBlue-Spülventil B Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24DB with the control line shorted to ground.",
        "de": "Wie P24DB, mit Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve B Circuit High",
        "de": "AdBlue-Spülventil B Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24DB with the control line shorted to supply.",
        "de": "Wie P24DB, mit Steuerleitung gegen Versorgung kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control line shorted to supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve B Stuck Open",
        "de": "AdBlue-Spülventil B - hängt offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Purge valve B is mechanically stuck open - AdBlue lines drain continuously, dosing pressure cannot build.",
        "de": "Das Spülventil B sitzt mechanisch in offener Position fest - die AdBlue-Leitungen entleeren sich dauerhaft, der Dosierdruck baut sich nicht auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck open",
            "de": "Ventil offen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Purge Control Valve B Stuck Closed",
        "de": "AdBlue-Spülventil B - hängt geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24DF with valve B stuck closed - AdBlue cannot be cleared at shutdown, risk of crystallisation in injector and lines.",
        "de": "Wie P24DF, mit Ventil B in geschlossener Position blockiert - AdBlue kann beim Abstellen nicht entleert werden, Risiko der Kristallisation in Injektor und Leitungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_purge_valve_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Ammoniak-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general circuit fault on the NH3 (ammonia) sensor - measures ammonia slip downstream of the SCR catalyst to detect AdBlue overdose.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Stromkreisfehler am NH3-(Ammoniak-)Sensor - misst Ammoniak-Schlupf nach dem SCR-Katalysator, um AdBlue-Überdosierung zu erkennen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor or wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in Sensor oder Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Circuit Range or Performance",
        "de": "Ammoniak-Sensor Stromkreis - Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24E1 with the signal in plausible range yet not matching the engine model.",
        "de": "Wie P24E1, mit Signal im plausiblen Bereich, das aber nicht zum Motor-Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor element drifted",
            "de": "Sensorelement hat Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ammoniak-Sensor Stromkreis - niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24E1 with the signal voltage below the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P24E1, mit Signalspannung unterhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signal mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Ammoniak-Sensor Stromkreis - hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as P24E1 with the signal voltage above the plausible range.",
        "de": "Wie P24E1, mit Signalspannung oberhalb des plausiblen Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signal mit Versorgung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "NH3-Sensor Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ammonia (NH3) slip sensor downstream of the SCR catalyst delivers an intermittent or erratic signal. The ECM expects a smooth voltage proportional to ammonia concentration in the tailpipe — sudden jumps, dropouts or noise mean the wiring, connector or sensing element is failing. Used to close-loop the AdBlue/DEF dosing strategy.",
        "de": "Der Ammoniak-Schlupf-Sensor (NH3) hinter dem SCR-Katalysator liefert ein aussetzendes oder sprunghaftes Signal. Die Motorsteuerung erwartet eine ruhige Spannung proportional zur NH3-Konzentration im Endrohr — Sprünge, Ausfälle oder Rauschen deuten auf Verkabelung, Stecker oder die Sensorzelle. Wird genutzt, um die AdBlue/DEF-Dosierung im geschlossenen Regelkreis zu führen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring",
        "sensor_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nh3_loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded or loose sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter oder lockerer Sensorstecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nh3_chafed_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed or vibrating harness near the exhaust",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerter oder vibrierender Kabelbaum am Abgasstrang"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nh3_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged ceramic sensor element drifting under heat cycles",
            "de": "Gealterte Keramikzelle, die unter Temperaturzyklen driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Heater Circuit/Open",
        "de": "NH3-Sensor Heizkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater inside the ammonia (NH3) slip sensor warms the sensing cell to operating temperature so it can read tailpipe ammonia. The ECM detects an open in the heater control circuit — no current flows when the heater should be active, so the sensor never reaches its working point and SCR closed-loop control is suspended.",
        "de": "Die Heizung im NH3-Schlupf-Sensor bringt die Messzelle auf Betriebstemperatur, damit sie den Ammoniak-Schlupf erkennen kann. Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Unterbrechung im Heizungssteuerkreis — es fließt kein Strom, obwohl die Heizung aktiv sein sollte. Der Sensor erreicht nicht seinen Arbeitspunkt, der geschlossene SCR-Regelkreis wird ausgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor_heater",
        "heater_driver",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt-out heater winding inside the sensor",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Heizwicklung im Sensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_break",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken wire or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder gezogener Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed heater driver stage in the dosing module",
            "de": "Defekte Heizungs-Endstufe im Dosiermodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          950
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Heater Circuit Low",
        "de": "NH3-Sensor Heizkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control circuit of the ammonia (NH3) slip sensor reads below the expected voltage range. Either the wiring is shorted to ground or the heater driver in the SCR/dosing module is stuck low. The sensor element never warms up, NH3 readings stay invalid and the SCR strategy falls back to open-loop dosing.",
        "de": "Der Heizungssteuerkreis des NH3-Schlupf-Sensors liegt unterhalb des erwarteten Spannungsbereichs. Entweder ist die Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder die Heizungs-Endstufe im SCR-/Dosiermodul hängt niedrig. Die Messzelle erreicht ihre Arbeitstemperatur nicht, NH3-Werte bleiben ungültig, und der SCR fällt auf offene Steuerung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor_heater",
        "heater_driver",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Heizungssteuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short across the heater element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss am Heizelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_low_drive",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-side driver pulled down in the control module",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber im Steuergerät heruntergezogen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24E6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Heater Circuit High",
        "de": "NH3-Sensor Heizkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater control circuit of the NH3 slip sensor reads above the expected voltage range. Typically a short to battery voltage or a heater driver stuck high — duty-cycle control is lost, the heater either runs continuously or not at all, and the sensor element risks overheating before the ECM disables it.",
        "de": "Der Heizungssteuerkreis des NH3-Schlupf-Sensors liegt oberhalb des erwarteten Spannungsbereichs. Meist ein Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder eine hängende Heizungs-Endstufe — die Tastverhältnis-Regelung geht verloren, die Heizung läuft entweder dauerhaft oder gar nicht, und die Messzelle droht zu überhitzen, bis das Steuergerät abschaltet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor_heater",
        "heater_driver",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater control wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Heizungssteuerleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_high_drive",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-side driver stuck on",
            "de": "High-Side-Treiber dauerhaft eingeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24E6",
        "P24E7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Heater Circuit Performance",
        "de": "NH3-Sensor Heizkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater of the NH3 slip sensor is electrically intact, but the warm-up profile or steady-state temperature feedback does not match the ECM model. The sensor takes too long to reach operating temperature or drifts away from setpoint, so SCR closed-loop control is delayed or held off.",
        "de": "Die Heizung des NH3-Schlupf-Sensors ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber das Aufheizprofil oder die Temperaturrückführung im Beharrungspunkt entspricht nicht dem ECM-Modell. Der Sensor erreicht die Betriebstemperatur zu langsam oder driftet vom Sollwert ab, der SCR-Regelkreis wird verzögert oder bleibt offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor_heater",
        "sensor_element"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_heater",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged heater with increased resistance",
            "de": "Gealterte Heizung mit erhöhtem Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "poor_thermal_contact",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor thermal contact between heater and sensing cell",
            "de": "Schlechter Wärmekontakt zwischen Heizung und Messzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          950
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24E6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "NH3-Sensor Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply rail that powers the NH3 slip sensor electronics (typically 5 V or 12 V from the dosing/SCR module) is out of tolerance. Without a stable supply the sensor cannot deliver a valid ammonia reading, and the ECM disables the closed-loop SCR strategy.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsleitung, die die Elektronik des NH3-Schlupf-Sensors speist (typisch 5 V oder 12 V vom Dosier-/SCR-Modul), liegt außerhalb der Toleranz. Ohne stabile Versorgung kann der Sensor keinen gültigen NH3-Wert liefern, und der geschlossene SCR-Regelkreis wird abgeschaltet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor",
        "supply_wiring",
        "dosing_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted supply wire",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scr_module_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failing supply rail inside the dosing module",
            "de": "Defekter Versorgungspfad im Dosiermodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "NH3-Sensor Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NH3 slip sensor supply voltage drops below the lower limit. Usually a partial short to ground in the supply line, an undersized ground path with high resistance, or an internal supply collapse in the SCR/dosing module. Sensor output is held invalid until the supply recovers.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des NH3-Schlupf-Sensors fällt unter den unteren Grenzwert. Meist ein teilweiser Masseschluss in der Versorgungsleitung, ein hochohmiger Massepfad oder ein Einbruch im internen Versorgungsteil des SCR-/Dosiermoduls. Der Sensorwert bleibt ungültig, bis die Versorgung wieder steht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor",
        "supply_wiring",
        "dosing_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance ground at the SCR module",
            "de": "Hochohmige Masse am SCR-Modul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24EA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "NH3-Sensor Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NH3 slip sensor supply voltage rises above the upper limit. Either the supply is shorted to battery voltage or an internal regulator in the dosing module has failed open. The sensor electronics may be damaged if the condition persists, so the ECM disables the input.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des NH3-Schlupf-Sensors steigt über den oberen Grenzwert. Entweder ist die Versorgung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen oder ein interner Spannungsregler im Dosiermodul ist offen ausgefallen. Bei dauerhaftem Zustand kann die Sensorelektronik beschädigt werden, deshalb deaktiviert das Steuergerät den Eingang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor",
        "supply_wiring",
        "dosing_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_failed_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed voltage regulator in the dosing module",
            "de": "Defekter Spannungsregler im Dosiermodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24EA",
        "P24EB"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Calibration Memory",
        "de": "NH3-Sensor Kalibrierungsspeicher"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The NH3 slip sensor stores its individual calibration coefficients in non-volatile memory (EEPROM/flash). The ECM cannot read valid calibration values — either checksum fails, the memory is empty after replacement, or communication with the sensor electronics is broken. Without the trim values the raw ammonia reading is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der NH3-Schlupf-Sensor speichert seine individuellen Kalibrierwerte in nichtflüchtigem Speicher (EEPROM/Flash). Die Motorsteuerung kann keine gültigen Kalibrierdaten lesen — Checksumme fehlerhaft, Speicher nach Tausch leer, oder Kommunikation mit der Sensorelektronik unterbrochen. Ohne Korrekturwerte ist der Roh-NH3-Wert unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor",
        "sensor_eeprom"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "replaced_uncoded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "New sensor installed but not coded/learned to the ECM",
            "de": "Neuer Sensor verbaut, aber nicht angelernt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "eeprom_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corrupted calibration memory after voltage drop",
            "de": "Defekter Kalibrierspeicher nach Spannungseinbruch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NH3 Sensor Processor Performance",
        "de": "NH3-Sensor Prozessor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The microcontroller inside the smart NH3 slip sensor reports an internal performance fault — failed self-test, watchdog reset, or out-of-range plausibility checks. The sensor cannot guarantee its output value, the ECM marks the channel invalid and disables SCR closed-loop control on this branch.",
        "de": "Der Mikrocontroller im intelligenten NH3-Schlupf-Sensor meldet eine interne Leistungsstörung — fehlgeschlagener Selbsttest, Watchdog-Reset oder Plausibilitätsprüfung außerhalb der Grenzen. Der Sensor kann seinen Ausgabewert nicht garantieren, die Motorsteuerung markiert den Kanal als ungültig und deaktiviert den SCR-Regelkreis auf diesem Pfad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor",
        "sensor_microcontroller"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "internal_processor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal processor or firmware fault",
            "de": "Interner Prozessor- oder Firmware-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_dip",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brown-out from supply voltage dips",
            "de": "Brown-out durch Spannungseinbrüche"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wake-up line that brings a sleeping ECU back from low-power mode is open. Many networks use a dedicated hardware wake-up wire (door-latch trigger, terminal 15, CAN wake-up) so modules can stay asleep with the ignition off. Without it, the module either fails to wake up at start-up or stays awake and drains the battery.",
        "de": "Die Wake-up-Leitung, die ein schlafendes Steuergerät aus dem Stromsparmodus weckt, ist unterbrochen. Viele Bordnetze nutzen eine eigene Hardware-Weckleitung (Türkontakt, Klemme 15, CAN-Wake-up), damit Module bei abgeschalteter Zündung schlafen können. Ohne sie wacht das Modul beim Start nicht auf oder bleibt wach und zieht die Batterie leer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wake_up_circuit",
        "control_module",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wake_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken wake-up wire or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Wake-up-Leitung gebrochen oder Stecker abgezogen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_wake_input",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed wake-up input stage in the module",
            "de": "Defekte Wake-up-Eingangsstufe im Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wake-up input on the control module reads stuck low — usually a short to ground or a permanently asserted wake signal. The module either keeps waking up unnecessarily and drains the battery, or it cannot distinguish a real wake event from the stuck low level.",
        "de": "Der Wake-up-Eingang am Steuergerät liegt dauerhaft niedrig — meist ein Masseschluss oder ein dauerhaft anliegendes Wecksignal. Das Modul wacht entweder unnötig auf und entlädt die Batterie, oder es kann ein echtes Wecksignal nicht mehr vom anhängenden Low-Pegel unterscheiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wake_up_circuit",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground_wake",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wake-up wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Wake-up-Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_switch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door, hood or terminal switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Tür-, Hauben- oder Klemmenschalter dauerhaft geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24EF"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wake-up input reads above the expected range — typically a short to battery voltage. The module sees a permanent wake-up request, never enters sleep mode and drains the battery while parked.",
        "de": "Der Wake-up-Eingang liegt oberhalb des erwarteten Bereichs — typisch ein Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Das Modul erkennt eine dauerhafte Weckanforderung, geht nie in den Schlafmodus und entlädt im Stand die Batterie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wake_up_circuit",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery_wake",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wake-up wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Wake-up-Leitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24EF",
        "P24F0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Temperature/Charge Air Cooler Temperature Correlation",
        "de": "Korrelation EGR-Temperatur / Ladeluftkühler-Temperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After a long key-off soak both the EGR temperature sensor and the charge-air cooler outlet temperature sensor must read approximately the same ambient temperature. The ECM compares them and detects an implausible delta. One of the sensors drifts, is wired wrong, or is exposed to a heat source the model does not know about.",
        "de": "Nach längerer Stillstandszeit müssen EGR-Temperatursensor und Ladeluftkühler-Austrittstemperatursensor ungefähr dieselbe Umgebungstemperatur melden. Die Motorsteuerung vergleicht beide und erkennt eine unplausible Differenz. Einer der Sensoren driftet, ist falsch verkabelt oder einer Wärmequelle ausgesetzt, die das Modell nicht kennt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temperature_sensor",
        "cac_outlet_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "drifting_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifting outside tolerance",
            "de": "Ein Sensor außerhalb der Toleranz gedriftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cac_residual_heat",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Residual heat in the charge-air cooler after a hot soak",
            "de": "Restwärme im Ladeluftkühler nach Heißabstellen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature/Fuel Temperature Correlation",
        "de": "Korrelation Reduktionsmittel-Tanktemperatur / Kraftstofftemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After a long key-off soak the AdBlue/DEF tank temperature and the fuel tank temperature should read close to each other (both at ambient). The ECM detects an implausible spread, which usually means one of the two sensors drifts, is wired wrong, or has a heat source nearby that the plausibility model does not account for.",
        "de": "Nach längerer Stillstandszeit sollten die Temperaturen von AdBlue/DEF-Tank und Kraftstofftank nahe beieinander liegen (beide auf Umgebungstemperatur). Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine unplausible Spreizung, meist, weil einer der beiden Sensoren driftet, falsch verkabelt ist oder eine Wärmequelle in der Nähe das Plausibilitätsmodell stört."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor",
        "fuel_tank_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "drifting_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One temperature sensor drifting outside tolerance",
            "de": "Ein Temperatursensor außerhalb der Toleranz gedriftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tank_heater_runtime",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Recently active reductant tank heater warming the tank above ambient",
            "de": "Kürzlich aktive Reduktionsmittel-Tankheizung über Umgebung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Delayed Response - High to Low Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor verzögerte Reaktion hoch nach niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pre-catalyst NOx sensor on bank 1 (sensor 1) reacts too slowly when NOx in the exhaust drops from a high to a low level — for example after a fuel cut or transition into low-load. Aged ceramic cells, soot deposits or condensation inside the sensor protective tube slow the diffusion of NOx to the measuring element.",
        "de": "Der Vorkat-NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 (Sensor 1) reagiert zu langsam, wenn der NOx-Gehalt im Abgas von einem hohen auf einen niedrigen Wert fällt — etwa nach einer Schubabschaltung oder im Übergang in Niedriglast. Gealterte Keramikzellen, Rußablagerungen oder Kondensat im Schutzrohr verlangsamen die Diffusion zum Messelement."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged sensor element with reduced response speed",
            "de": "Gealterte Messzelle mit verminderter Ansprechgeschwindigkeit"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "soot_clogging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Soot clogging the protective tube",
            "de": "Rußverstopfung des Schutzrohrs"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Delayed Response - High to Low Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor verzögerte Reaktion hoch nach niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The post-catalyst NOx sensor on bank 1 (sensor 2) reacts too slowly when NOx in the exhaust drops from a high to a low level. Same failure mechanism as the upstream sensor — aged element, soot or condensate — but post-catalyst the consequence is a degraded SCR conversion-efficiency monitor.",
        "de": "Der Nachkat-NOx-Sensor an Bank 1 (Sensor 2) reagiert zu langsam, wenn der NOx-Gehalt im Abgas von hoch auf niedrig fällt. Derselbe Fehlermechanismus wie beim Vorkat-Sensor — gealterte Zelle, Ruß oder Kondensat — nachkat führt das aber zu einer geschwächten SCR-Wirkungsgradüberwachung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b1s2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged sensor element with reduced response speed",
            "de": "Gealterte Messzelle mit verminderter Ansprechgeschwindigkeit"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "soot_clogging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Soot clogging the protective tube",
            "de": "Rußverstopfung des Schutzrohrs"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24F4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Air Purge Valve Stuck Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoff-Luft-Spülventil offen festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On systems that inject HC dosing fuel or AIR-assisted reductant into the aftertreatment, a purge valve clears the line after each dosing event. The ECM detects the valve stuck open — pressure or flow does not build up against a closed valve, so the dosing line cannot be charged. Common on diesel HC-doser hardware (DPF regen support).",
        "de": "Bei Systemen, die HC-Dosierkraftstoff oder luftunterstütztes Reduktionsmittel in die Nachbehandlung einspritzen, spült ein Ventil die Leitung nach jeder Dosierung frei. Die Motorsteuerung erkennt das Ventil als offen festgesteckt — gegen ein geschlossenes Ventil baut sich kein Druck oder Fluss auf, die Dosierleitung lässt sich nicht füllen. Typisch bei Diesel-HC-Dosierern (DPF-Regen-Unterstützung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_purge_valve",
        "dosing_line"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_open_valve",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanically stuck open valve from soot or coking",
            "de": "Mechanisch offen festgestecktes Ventil durch Ruß/Verkokung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "broken_spring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken return spring",
            "de": "Gebrochene Rückholfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Air Purge Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoff-Luft-Spülventil geschlossen festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The aftertreatment HC dosing or reductant purge valve is stuck closed. The ECM commands purge but the line is not cleared, leaving residual fluid that can foul nozzles or freeze in cold weather. Subsequent dosing events also fail because backpressure does not match the model.",
        "de": "Das Spülventil der HC-Dosierung oder Reduktionsmittel-Spülung in der Abgasnachbehandlung ist geschlossen festgesteckt. Die Motorsteuerung kommandiert spülen, aber die Leitung wird nicht freigeräumt — Restflüssigkeit kann Düsen verstopfen oder in der Kälte einfrieren. Folgende Dosiervorgänge schlagen ebenfalls fehl, weil der Gegendruck nicht zum Modell passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_purge_valve",
        "dosing_line"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_closed_valve",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck closed by deposits or seized armature",
            "de": "Geschlossen festgesteckt durch Ablagerungen oder festsitzenden Anker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_coil",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil — valve never opens",
            "de": "Offene Spule — Ventil öffnet nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24F6"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Air Purge Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoff-Luft-Spülventil Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault in the control circuit of the aftertreatment fuel/air purge valve. The ECM cannot drive the valve coil according to plausibility checks — open, short or unexpected feedback voltage. Until cleared, dosing line purge is suspended.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler im Steuerkreis des Spülventils der Abgasnachbehandlung. Die Motorsteuerung kann die Ventilspule nicht plausibel ansteuern — Unterbrechung, Kurzschluss oder unerwartete Rückmeldungsspannung. Bis zur Klärung wird die Spülung der Dosierleitung ausgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_purge_valve",
        "solenoid_driver",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted control wire",
            "de": "Steuerleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_driver",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed driver stage in the dosing module",
            "de": "Defekte Endstufe im Dosiermodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Air Purge Valve Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoff-Luft-Spülventil Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The valve coil is electrically intact, but the response (current rise time, return-current decay, position feedback) does not match the ECM model. Typical for solenoids losing magnetic strength after long thermal cycling, or armatures with increased friction from coking.",
        "de": "Die Ventilspule ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch die Reaktion (Stromanstiegszeit, Abklingen, Lagerückmeldung) entspricht nicht dem ECM-Modell. Typisch für Magnetventile, deren Magnetkraft nach langen Temperaturzyklen nachlässt, oder Anker mit erhöhter Reibung durch Verkokung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_purge_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid with weakened magnetic force",
            "de": "Gealtertes Magnetventil mit verminderter Magnetkraft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coked_armature",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coked armature with increased friction",
            "de": "Verkokter Anker mit erhöhter Reibung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24F8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Air Purge Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoff-Luft-Spülventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the aftertreatment purge valve reads stuck low — usually a short to ground or a failed low-side driver. The valve is energised continuously when it should be off, or the diagnostic feedback voltage is pulled below threshold.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Spülventils der Abgasnachbehandlung liegt dauerhaft niedrig — meist Masseschluss oder defekter Low-Side-Treiber. Das Ventil wird ständig bestromt, obwohl es ausgeschaltet sein sollte, oder die Diagnose-Rückmeldungsspannung wird unter den Schwellwert gezogen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_purge_valve",
        "solenoid_driver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_side_driver",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed low-side driver stuck on",
            "de": "Defekter Low-Side-Treiber dauerhaft eingeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24F8"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Air Purge Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlung Kraftstoff-Luft-Spülventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the aftertreatment purge valve reads stuck high — typically a short to battery voltage or an open ground/return path. The driver cannot pull the line low to actuate the valve.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Spülventils der Abgasnachbehandlung liegt dauerhaft hoch — typisch Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Masse-/Rückleitung. Der Treiber kann die Leitung nicht auf Low ziehen, um das Ventil zu schalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_purge_valve",
        "solenoid_driver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_return_path",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open ground or open coil",
            "de": "Offene Masse oder offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P24F8",
        "P24FA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Heater Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Partikelsensor Heizungssteuerkreis Treiberstrom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PM (soot) sensor heater is driven by a current-limited stage so it can burn off accumulated soot before each measurement. The driver reports current or junction temperature above the safe limit and disables itself. Often a partial short across the heater or sensor element after coolant intrusion.",
        "de": "Der Heizer des Partikel-(Ruß-)Sensors wird über eine strombegrenzte Endstufe angesteuert, damit er vor jeder Messung den angesammelten Ruß abbrennt. Die Endstufe meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Sicherheitsgrenze und schaltet ab. Häufig ein Teilkurzschluss am Heizelement oder Sensor nach Kühlmittel-Eintritt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm_sensor_heater",
        "heater_driver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_partial_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial short across the heater element",
            "de": "Teilkurzschluss am Heizelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_thermal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver overheating due to poor cooling on the module",
            "de": "Endstufe überhitzt wegen schlechter Modulkühlung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter A Incorrect",
        "de": "Partikelfilter A falsch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM identifies the installed particulate filter A as the wrong part — backpressure signature, regeneration efficiency or coded part-number do not match the application. Common after a non-OEM aftermarket DPF or a wrong-application replacement.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt den verbauten Partikelfilter A als falsches Bauteil — Gegendrucksignatur, Regenerationswirkungsgrad oder codierte Teilnummer passen nicht zur Anwendung. Häufig nach einem aftermarket-DPF oder einem Tausch mit falscher Anwendung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_filter_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_dpf",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incorrect or non-OEM DPF installed",
            "de": "Falscher oder nicht originaler DPF verbaut"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coding_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coding mismatch after part replacement",
            "de": "Codierungsfehler nach Bauteiltausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR Catalyst Incorrect",
        "de": "SCR-Katalysator falsch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM identifies the installed SCR catalyst as the wrong part — NOx conversion efficiency, NH3 storage capacity or coded part-number do not match the expected application. Typical after fitting a non-OEM SCR brick or after a coding error following replacement.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt den verbauten SCR-Katalysator als falsches Bauteil — NOx-Umsatz, NH3-Speicherkapazität oder codierte Teilnummer passen nicht zur erwarteten Anwendung. Typisch nach Einbau eines nicht originalen SCR-Bricks oder Codierungsfehler nach Tausch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_scr",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incorrect or non-OEM SCR catalyst installed",
            "de": "Falscher oder nicht originaler SCR-Kat verbaut"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coding_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coding mismatch after part replacement",
            "de": "Codierungsfehler nach Bauteiltausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P24FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The temperature of the AdBlue/DEF in the dosing system exceeds the safe limit — risk of thermal decomposition (NH3/biuret formation) and clogged dosing nozzles. Often caused by a stuck-on tank heater, a stalled coolant return or proximity to a hot exhaust component.",
        "de": "Die Temperatur des AdBlue/DEF im Dosiersystem überschreitet den Sicherheitsgrenzwert — Risiko der thermischen Zersetzung (NH3/Biuret-Bildung) und verstopfter Dosierdüsen. Oft durch dauernd eingeschaltete Tankheizung, stehende Kühlmittel-Rückführung oder Nähe zu einem heißen Abgasbauteil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank",
        "reductant_tank_heater",
        "reductant_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tank heater stuck on",
            "de": "Tankheizung dauerhaft eingeschaltet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_path",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heat soak from exhaust or engine bay",
            "de": "Wärmeeintrag aus Abgasanlage oder Motorraum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2500",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Lamp/L-Terminal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Lampe/L-Klemme Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The L-terminal feedback line from the alternator (charging warning lamp circuit) reads below the lower limit. The lamp may stay on, and battery voltage may drift if regulation feedback is also affected.",
        "de": "Die L-Klemmen-Rückmeldeleitung vom Generator (Ladekontroll-Stromkreis) liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert. Die Kontrollleuchte kann dauerleuchten, und bei zugleich gestörter Regelung driftet die Bordnetzspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "charging_warning_lamp_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_l_terminal_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "L-terminal shorted to ground",
            "de": "L-Klemme gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed",
            "de": "Generatorregler defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2501",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Lamp/L-Terminal Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Lampe/L-Klemme Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The L-terminal feedback from the alternator reads above the upper limit — short to supply or open ground side. Charging diagnostics cannot run cleanly.",
        "de": "Die L-Klemmen-Rückmeldung vom Generator liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss nach Plus oder offene Masseseite. Die Ladediagnose läuft nicht sauber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "charging_warning_lamp_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_l_terminal_short_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "L-terminal shorted to supply",
            "de": "L-Klemme gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed",
            "de": "Generatorregler defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2500"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2502",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging System Voltage",
        "de": "Ladesystem Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an out-of-range charging system voltage without specifying high or low. Indicates a generic charging fault that requires further sub-code investigation.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Bordnetzspannung ausserhalb des Sollbereichs ohne nach hoch oder niedrig zu unterscheiden. Hinweis auf einen allgemeinen Ladefehler, der weiterer Diagnose bedarf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "voltage_regulator",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator output fault",
            "de": "Fehler in Generatorleistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage regulator fault",
            "de": "Spannungsregler-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2503",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging System Voltage Low",
        "de": "Ladesystem Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects that battery voltage during operation stays below the regulated target. The alternator output is insufficient to maintain charge under load, eventually leading to battery depletion.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass die Bordnetzspannung im Betrieb unter dem geregelten Sollwert bleibt. Die Generatorleistung reicht unter Last nicht aus, um die Batterie zu laden, was zu Tiefentladung fuehren kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "voltage_regulator",
        "battery",
        "drive_belt"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak alternator output",
            "de": "Schwache Generatorleistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty voltage regulator",
            "de": "Defekter Spannungsregler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "belt_slipping",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Slipping drive belt",
            "de": "Rutschender Antriebsriemen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2504",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging System Voltage High",
        "de": "Ladesystem Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a battery voltage above the regulated upper limit. The voltage regulator is not limiting alternator output, risking damage to electronic modules and battery overcharge.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Bordnetzspannung oberhalb des geregelten oberen Grenzwerts. Der Spannungsregler begrenzt die Generatorleistung nicht; es droht Schaden an Steuergeraeten und Ueberladung der Batterie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator",
        "voltage_regulator",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty voltage regulator",
            "de": "Defekter Spannungsregler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "poor_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor alternator ground",
            "de": "Schlechte Generatormasse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2505",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Power Input Signal",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Leistungseingangssignal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM/PCM monitors the main switched battery feed (typically terminal 15 / ignition-switched supply via the main relay). A general fault is reported — either the input is missing entirely or it does not match the expected timing relative to ignition state. Engine may not start or stay running.",
        "de": "Das Motor-/Antriebsstrang-Steuergerät überwacht die Hauptschaltbatteriespeisung (typisch Klemme 15 / zündungsgeschaltete Versorgung über das Hauptrelais). Ein allgemeiner Fehler wird gemeldet — der Eingang fehlt entweder ganz oder das Timing passt nicht zum Zündungszustand. Der Motor startet evtl. nicht oder bleibt nicht laufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "main_relay",
        "power_input_wire",
        "ecm_pcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bad_main_relay",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed main relay",
            "de": "Defektes Hauptrelais"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blown fuse on the ECM power feed",
            "de": "Durchgebrannte Sicherung der ECM-Versorgung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "corroded_pin",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded connector pin at the ECM",
            "de": "Korrodierter Steckerpin am ECM"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2506",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Power Input Signal Range/Performance",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Leistungseingangssignal Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The switched-battery input to the ECM/PCM is present, but the level or transient behaviour is out of plausibility — sagging during cranking, slow ramp-up after main-relay close, or noisy. Often caused by aged main relay contacts or a weak battery feed under load.",
        "de": "Der zündungsgeschaltete Batterie-Eingang am ECM/PCM ist vorhanden, aber Pegel oder transientes Verhalten ist unplausibel — Einbruch beim Anlassen, langsamer Anstieg nach Schließen des Hauptrelais oder verrauscht. Oft durch verschlissene Relaiskontakte oder schwache Versorgung unter Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "main_relay",
        "power_distribution",
        "battery_cables"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_relay_contacts",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged main relay contacts with rising contact resistance",
            "de": "Verschlissene Hauptrelais-Kontakte mit steigendem Übergangswiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery sagging during crank",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie, die beim Starten einbricht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2505"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2507",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Power Input Signal Low",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Leistungseingangssignal niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM/PCM switched-battery input reads below threshold while the ignition is on. Either the main relay does not close, the supply wire is broken or shorted to ground, or the battery is too low. Engine usually fails to start until the input recovers.",
        "de": "Der zündungsgeschaltete Batterie-Eingang am ECM/PCM liegt bei eingeschalteter Zündung unter dem Schwellwert. Entweder schließt das Hauptrelais nicht, die Versorgungsleitung ist unterbrochen oder gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen, oder die Batterie ist zu schwach. Der Motor startet meist nicht, bis der Eingang wieder steht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "main_relay",
        "power_input_wire",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_no_pull_in",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Main relay does not pull in",
            "de": "Hauptrelais zieht nicht an"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open supply wire",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severely discharged battery",
            "de": "Stark entladene Batterie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2505"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2508",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Power Input Signal High",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Leistungseingangssignal hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM/PCM switched-battery input reads above the upper threshold. Most often caused by a charging system overvoltage (failed alternator regulator) or wrong jump-start procedure. Sustained high voltage risks damaging ECU electronics.",
        "de": "Der zündungsgeschaltete Batterie-Eingang am ECM/PCM liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert. Meist durch Überspannung des Ladesystems (defekter Regler) oder falsche Starthilfe. Anhaltende Überspannung gefährdet die ECU-Elektronik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternator_regulator",
        "power_distribution"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Überspannung durch Generatorregler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bad_jumpstart",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Improper external power source or jump-start",
            "de": "Unsachgemäße Fremdspannung oder Starthilfe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2505"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2509",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Power Input Signal Intermittent",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Versorgungssignal sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects sporadic interruptions of its supply voltage. The fault is set when supply drops below a threshold for short periods, often during cranking or due to a poor connection.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt sporadische Unterbrechungen ihrer Versorgungsspannung. Der Fehler wird gesetzt, wenn die Versorgung kurz unter einen Schwellenwert faellt, oft beim Starten oder durch einen schlechten Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecu_power_supply",
        "main_relay",
        "battery_terminals"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "poor_battery_connection",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor battery cable connection",
            "de": "Schlechter Batteriekabel-Kontakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "main_relay_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent main relay",
            "de": "Sporadisches Hauptrelais"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P250A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Level Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Motoröl-Füllstandssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the engine oil level sensor circuit. The ECM cannot read a plausible level signal (analog level, ultrasonic or capacitive sender). Without a valid level reading the ECM disables oil-low warnings and dynamic service-interval calculation.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis des Motoröl-Füllstandssensors. Die Motorsteuerung kann keinen plausiblen Pegel auslesen (analoger Geber, Ultraschall oder kapazitiv). Ohne gültigen Pegel werden Niedrigstandswarnung und dynamische Serviceintervall-Berechnung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring to the sensor",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Sensor unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "corroded_connector",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded connector at the oil pan",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker an der Ölwanne"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P250B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Level Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motoröl-Füllstandssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil level sensor is electrically intact, but the level reading is implausible — for example a constant value across drives, jumps that cannot match real oil consumption, or readings outside the design range. Often a contaminated or aged float/ultrasonic sender.",
        "de": "Der Ölstandssensor ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber der Wert ist unplausibel — etwa konstanter Wert über mehrere Fahrten, Sprünge, die kein realer Ölverbrauch sein können, oder Werte außerhalb des Auslegungsbereichs. Häufig ein verschmutzter oder gealterter Schwimmer-/Ultraschall-Geber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sender",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged or contaminated sender",
            "de": "Gealterter oder verschmutzter Geber"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_foaming",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Foaming oil under high RPM masking the level",
            "de": "Schäumendes Öl bei hohen Drehzahlen verfälscht den Pegel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P250A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P250C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Level Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motoröl-Füllstandssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil level sensor signal voltage reads below the lower limit, typically a short to ground or an open at the reference end of the sender. The ECM treats the input as invalid and ignores oil-low warnings until the circuit is repaired.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des Ölstandssensors liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert, typisch ein Masseschluss oder eine Unterbrechung am Referenzende des Gebers. Die Motorsteuerung wertet den Eingang als ungültig und ignoriert Niedrigstandswarnungen bis zur Reparatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sender",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sender shorted internally",
            "de": "Geber intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P250A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P250D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Level Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Motoröl-Füllstandssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil level sensor signal voltage reads above the upper limit, typically a short to reference voltage or an open signal return. Pegged at maximum, the ECM cannot distinguish full from invalid and disables the level monitor.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des Ölstandssensors liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert, typisch ein Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder eine offene Signalmasse. Bei Anschlag am Maximum kann die Motorsteuerung Voll nicht von ungültig unterscheiden und schaltet die Pegelüberwachung ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_voltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_return",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal return",
            "de": "Signalmasse unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P250A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P250E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Level Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motoröl-Füllstandssensor Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil level signal jumps or drops out intermittently — usually loose contacts, vibration cracks at the sender or oil sloshing on bumpy roads. The ECM filters short transients but flags the input when the noise pattern exceeds the diagnostic limits.",
        "de": "Das Ölstandssignal springt oder fällt aus — meist lockere Kontakte, vibrationsbedingte Risse am Geber oder Ölbewegung auf unebener Strecke. Die Motorsteuerung filtert kurze Aussetzer, meldet den Eingang aber, wenn das Rauschmuster die Diagnosegrenzen überschreitet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose or oil-soaked connector",
            "de": "Lockerer oder ölgetränkter Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cracked_sender",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked sender housing",
            "de": "Gerissenes Gebergehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P250A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P250F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Level Too Low",
        "de": "Motorölstand zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil level monitor reports the engine oil level below the safe minimum after sensor checks pass. Continued operation risks bearing damage and oil-pump cavitation, so the ECM sets a critical warning, may reduce torque and asks the driver to add oil immediately.",
        "de": "Die Ölstandsüberwachung meldet den Motorölstand unter dem sicheren Minimum, nachdem die Sensorprüfungen bestanden wurden. Weiterer Betrieb gefährdet Lager und führt zu Kavitation der Ölpumpe — die Motorsteuerung setzt eine kritische Warnung, drosselt ggf. das Drehmoment und fordert sofortiges Nachfüllen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_consumption",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High oil consumption between services",
            "de": "Hoher Ölverbrauch zwischen Serviceintervallen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "external_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "External oil leak",
            "de": "Äußerer Ölverlust"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "missed_topup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Missed top-up since last service",
            "de": "Nachfüllen seit letztem Service versäumt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          80
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          0.3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P250A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2510",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Power Relay Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Hauptrelais Sense-Kreis Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage reported on the main power relay sense line for the engine controller does not match expectation. The ECU may shut down too early or stay awake too long, draining the battery.",
        "de": "Die am Hauptrelais-Sense-Eingang der Motorsteuerung gemessene Spannung weicht von der Erwartung ab. Das Steuergerät kann zu früh abschalten oder zu lange wach bleiben und die Batterie entladen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "main_relay",
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "main_relay_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Main relay contacts pitted",
            "de": "Hauptrelais-Kontakte abgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_sense_wiring_corroded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wiring corroded",
            "de": "Sense-Leitung korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2511",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Power Relay Sense Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "ECM/PCM Hauptrelais Rückmeldekreis aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sense (feedback) line that lets the ECM verify the main power relay has actually closed shows intermittent dropouts. The ECM expects to see battery voltage on this line whenever the relay is energised — short losses suggest aged contacts, vibration or chafed wiring.",
        "de": "Die Rückmeldeleitung, mit der das ECM prüft, ob das Hauptrelais wirklich geschlossen ist, zeigt sporadische Ausfälle. Bei aktivem Relais wird Batteriespannung erwartet — kurze Aussetzer deuten auf verschlissene Kontakte, Vibrationen oder aufgescheuerte Leitungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "main_relay",
        "sense_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_relay",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged main relay contacts",
            "de": "Verschlissene Hauptrelais-Kontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_wire",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed sense wire shorting intermittently",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerte Rückmeldeleitung mit sporadischem Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2512",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Event Data Recorder Request Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Event Data Recorder Anforderungskreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Event Data Recorder (EDR / black box) request line — used by the ECM or restraint module to trigger the EDR to capture pre-crash data — is open. The ECM cannot trigger an event capture, so any subsequent crash event would not be recorded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Anforderungsleitung des Event Data Recorders (EDR / Unfalldatenspeicher) — mit der ECM oder Rückhaltemodul den EDR zur Aufzeichnung der Pre-Crash-Daten anstoßen — ist unterbrochen. Die Motorsteuerung kann kein Aufzeichnungsereignis auslösen, ein späterer Unfall würde nicht zuverlässig protokolliert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "event_data_recorder",
        "request_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_request_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open request wire or unplugged module",
            "de": "Anforderungsleitung unterbrochen oder Modul abgesteckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_input_stage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed input stage in the EDR",
            "de": "Defekte Eingangsstufe im EDR"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_data_recorder",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2513",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Event Data Recorder Request Circuit Low",
        "de": "Event Data Recorder Anforderungskreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EDR request line reads stuck low — typically a short to ground or a permanently asserted request. The ECM either sees a constant request (which it cannot service) or cannot pulse the line high to fire a real event capture.",
        "de": "Die EDR-Anforderungsleitung liegt dauerhaft niedrig — typisch Masseschluss oder dauerhaft anliegende Anforderung. Die Motorsteuerung sieht entweder eine dauernde Anforderung (die sie nicht bedient) oder kann die Leitung nicht hochpulsen, um ein echtes Ereignis auszulösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "event_data_recorder",
        "request_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Request wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Anforderungsleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2512"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_data_recorder",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2514",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Event Data Recorder Request Circuit High",
        "de": "Event Data Recorder Anforderungskreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EDR request line reads stuck high — typically a short to battery voltage. The ECM cannot pulse the line back low to release the request, so the EDR may either ignore further requests or sit in a permanent triggered state.",
        "de": "Die EDR-Anforderungsleitung liegt dauerhaft hoch — typisch Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Die Motorsteuerung kann die Leitung nicht wieder niedrig pulsen, um die Anforderung zurückzusetzen — der EDR ignoriert weitere Anforderungen oder bleibt im ausgelösten Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "event_data_recorder",
        "request_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Request wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Anforderungsleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2512",
        "P2513"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_data_recorder",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2515",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "A/C Kältemittel-Drucksensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault in the second A/C refrigerant pressure sensor circuit. Sensor B usually monitors the low-side or compressor-suction pressure (in addition to high-side sensor A). The ECM cannot read a plausible value and disables variable compressor control to avoid evaporator freeze-up or overpressure.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis des zweiten A/C-Kältemittel-Drucksensors. Sensor B überwacht meist die Niederdruck-/Saugseite (zusätzlich zum Hochdruck-Sensor A). Die Motorsteuerung kann keinen plausiblen Wert lesen und deaktiviert die variable Verdichtersteuerung zum Schutz vor Verdampfer-Vereisung oder Überdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring to the sensor",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Sensor unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed sensor element",
            "de": "Defektes Sensorelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2516",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "A/C Kältemittel-Drucksensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A/C refrigerant pressure sensor B is electrically intact, but its reading does not match the system model — for example pressures that do not fall when the compressor is off, do not change with ambient temperature, or contradict pressure sensor A. Often a refrigerant charge issue or a contaminated sensor.",
        "de": "Der A/C-Kältemittel-Drucksensor B ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber sein Wert passt nicht zum Systemmodell — Drücke, die bei abgeschaltetem Verdichter nicht fallen, sich nicht mit der Außentemperatur ändern oder Sensor A widersprechen. Oft Kältemittel-Füllmenge oder verschmutzter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor_b",
        "refrigerant_charge"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_charge",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low refrigerant charge",
            "de": "Niedrige Kältemittel-Füllmenge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contaminated_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated or aged sensor diaphragm",
            "de": "Verschmutzte oder gealterte Sensormembran"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2515"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2517",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "A/C Kältemittel-Drucksensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A/C refrigerant pressure sensor B signal voltage reads below the lower limit. Either a short to ground in the signal wire, an open reference voltage at the sensor, or an internal short. The ECM ignores the reading and disables A/C closed-loop control until the circuit recovers.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des A/C-Kältemittel-Drucksensors B liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert. Entweder Masseschluss in der Signalleitung, fehlende Referenzspannung am Sensor oder interner Kurzschluss. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft den Wert und deaktiviert die A/C-Regelung bis zur Erholung des Kreises."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Missing 5 V reference at the sensor",
            "de": "Fehlende 5-V-Referenz am Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2515"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2518",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "A/C Kältemittel-Drucksensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A/C refrigerant pressure sensor B signal voltage reads above the upper limit. Typically a short to reference voltage in the signal line, an open signal return, or an overpressure event briefly pegging the sensor. ECM disables variable compressor control to protect the system.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des A/C-Kältemittel-Drucksensors B liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert. Typisch Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung in der Signalleitung, offene Signalmasse oder kurzzeitiges Überdruckereignis am Anschlag. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die variable Verdichtersteuerung zum Schutz des Systems."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_pressure_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_signal_return",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal return at the sensor",
            "de": "Offene Signalmasse am Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2515"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2519",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Request A Circuit",
        "de": "A/C Anforderung A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the A/C compressor request input A. This input tells the ECM that the HVAC controller wants the A/C compressor engaged. With the input invalid, the ECM cannot enable the compressor clutch — A/C does not cool, idle-up compensation is not applied.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am A/C-Verdichter-Anforderungseingang A. Über diesen Eingang meldet das HVAC-Steuergerät, dass der Klima-Verdichter eingeschaltet werden soll. Bei ungültigem Eingang kann die Motorsteuerung die Magnetkupplung nicht aktivieren — keine Kühlung, keine Leerlaufanhebung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_request_input_a",
        "hvac_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted A/C request wire",
            "de": "A/C-Anforderungsleitung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hvac_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "HVAC module not transmitting the request",
            "de": "HVAC-Modul sendet die Anforderung nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P251A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Enable Switch Circuit/Open",
        "de": "PTO Freigabeschalter Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Power Take-Off (PTO) enable switch input to the ECM is open. PTO is used on trucks and work vehicles to drive auxiliary equipment from the engine — without a valid enable signal the ECM refuses to enter PTO operating mode, idle speed control changes do not apply.",
        "de": "Der Eingang des Nebenantriebs-Freigabeschalters (PTO) am ECM ist unterbrochen. PTO treibt an Nutzfahrzeugen Anbaugeräte vom Motor an — ohne gültige Freigabe wird der PTO-Modus nicht aktiviert, Leerlaufanpassung greift nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_enable_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_switch_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open switch wire or unplugged switch",
            "de": "Schalterleitung unterbrochen oder Schalter abgesteckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_switch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed PTO enable switch",
            "de": "Defekter PTO-Freigabeschalter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P251B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Enable Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "PTO Freigabeschalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO enable switch input reads stuck low — typically a short to ground or a permanently closed switch. The ECM either sees PTO enabled when the operator has not requested it, or cannot release the PTO mode after work.",
        "de": "Der PTO-Freigabeschalter-Eingang liegt dauerhaft niedrig — typisch Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Schalter. Die Motorsteuerung sieht entweder PTO aktiv ohne Bedieneranforderung oder kann den PTO-Modus nach Arbeitsende nicht verlassen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_enable_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_switch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Schalter dauerhaft geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P251A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P251C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Enable Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "PTO Freigabeschalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO enable switch input reads stuck high — typically a short to battery voltage. The ECM cannot pull the input low, so the switch state is unreadable and PTO mode is locked out for safety.",
        "de": "Der PTO-Freigabeschalter-Eingang liegt dauerhaft hoch — typisch Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Die Motorsteuerung kann den Eingang nicht auf Low ziehen, der Schalterzustand ist nicht lesbar und der PTO-Modus wird sicherheitshalber gesperrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_enable_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P251A",
        "P251B"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P251D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Engine Shutdown Circuit/Open",
        "de": "PTO Motor-Abschaltkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO engine-shutdown command line is open. This safety input lets a connected work attachment (or operator switch) request an immediate engine shutdown — for example when an interlock is opened on a stationary aerial work platform. With the line broken, the safety shutdown cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Die PTO-Motor-Abschaltleitung ist unterbrochen. Über diesen Sicherheitseingang fordert ein angeschlossenes Arbeitsgerät (oder Bedienerschalter) eine sofortige Motorabschaltung an — etwa wenn an einer stationären Hubarbeitsbühne eine Verriegelung geöffnet wird. Bei unterbrochener Leitung lässt sich die Sicherheitsabschaltung nicht auslösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_shutdown_circuit",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken shutdown wire or unplugged work attachment",
            "de": "Abschaltleitung unterbrochen oder Anbaugerät abgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P251E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Engine Shutdown Circuit Low",
        "de": "PTO Motor-Abschaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO engine-shutdown command line reads stuck low — usually a short to ground or a permanently asserted shutdown request. The ECM may treat this as an active shutdown command and refuse to start or keep the engine running while in PTO mode.",
        "de": "Die PTO-Motor-Abschaltleitung liegt dauerhaft niedrig — meist Masseschluss oder dauerhaft anliegende Abschaltanforderung. Die Motorsteuerung kann das als aktive Abschaltung werten und im PTO-Modus den Start verweigern oder den Motor abstellen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_shutdown_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutdown wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Abschaltleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P251D"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P251F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Engine Shutdown Circuit High",
        "de": "PTO Motor-Abschaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO engine-shutdown command line reads stuck high — typically a short to battery voltage. The ECM cannot pulse the line low to acknowledge a shutdown request, so the operator-side safety chain is effectively disabled.",
        "de": "Die PTO-Motor-Abschaltleitung liegt dauerhaft hoch — typisch Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Die Motorsteuerung kann die Leitung nicht auf Low ziehen, um eine Abschaltung zu quittieren — die bediener-seitige Sicherheitskette ist faktisch außer Funktion."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_shutdown_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutdown wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Abschaltleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P251D",
        "P251E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2520",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Request A Circuit Low",
        "de": "A/C Anforderung A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor request input A reads stuck low — typically a short to ground or a permanently asserted request. The ECM either sees A/C demanded all the time (cannot release idle-up, raises fuel use) or cannot distinguish a real request from the stuck low level.",
        "de": "Der A/C-Anforderungseingang A liegt dauerhaft niedrig — typisch Masseschluss oder dauerhaft anliegende Anforderung. Die Motorsteuerung sieht entweder dauernd A/C aktiv (Leerlaufanhebung lässt sich nicht zurücknehmen, höherer Kraftstoffverbrauch) oder kann eine echte Anforderung nicht vom anhängenden Low-Pegel unterscheiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_request_input_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Request wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Anforderungsleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2519"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2521",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Request A Circuit High",
        "de": "A/C Anforderung A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C request input A reads stuck high — typically a short to battery voltage. The ECM cannot pull the line low to read switch state, so the A/C compressor request is treated as invalid and the clutch stays disengaged.",
        "de": "Der A/C-Anforderungseingang A liegt dauerhaft hoch — typisch Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Die Motorsteuerung kann den Schalterzustand nicht auslesen, die Anforderung gilt als ungültig, die Magnetkupplung bleibt offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_request_input_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Request wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Anforderungsleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2519",
        "P2520"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2522",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Request B Circuit",
        "de": "A/C Anforderung B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the second A/C request input B. Many vehicles have two HVAC zones, a rear evaporator request, or a redundant request line — input B carries that signal. With the input invalid, the ECM cannot honour zone B compressor demand or rear-evap operation.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am zweiten A/C-Anforderungseingang B. Viele Fahrzeuge haben zwei HVAC-Zonen, einen separaten Heck-Verdampfer oder eine redundante Anforderungsleitung — Eingang B führt dieses Signal. Bei ungültigem Eingang kann die Motorsteuerung Zone B oder den Heck-Verdampfer nicht freigeben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_request_input_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted A/C request wire B",
            "de": "A/C-Anforderungsleitung B offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hvac_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "HVAC module not transmitting request B",
            "de": "HVAC-Modul sendet Anforderung B nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2523",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Request B Circuit Low",
        "de": "A/C Anforderung B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C request input B reads stuck low — short to ground or permanently asserted request. Same effect as input A stuck low, applied to the second HVAC channel.",
        "de": "Der A/C-Anforderungseingang B liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft anliegende Anforderung. Wirkt wie Eingang A im Low-Zustand, betrifft den zweiten HVAC-Kanal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_request_input_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Request wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Anforderungsleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2522"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2524",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Request B Circuit High",
        "de": "A/C Anforderung B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C request input B reads stuck high — typically a short to battery voltage. The ECM cannot read the switch state, request B is treated as invalid.",
        "de": "Der A/C-Anforderungseingang B liegt dauerhaft hoch — typisch Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Die Motorsteuerung kann den Schalterzustand nicht auslesen, Anforderung B gilt als ungültig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_request_input_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Request wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Anforderungsleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2522",
        "P2523"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2525",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Reservoir Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Unterdruckspeicher-Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the vacuum reservoir pressure sensor circuit. The reservoir stores manifold or pump-generated vacuum for systems like brake booster, EGR actuators or HVAC dampers. Without a valid reading the ECM disables vacuum-pump duty cycle control.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis des Unterdruckspeicher-Drucksensors. Der Speicher hält Saugrohr- oder pumpenerzeugten Unterdruck für Bremskraftverstärker, EGR-Aktoren oder HVAC-Klappen vor. Ohne gültigen Wert wird die Tastverhältnis-Regelung der Vakuumpumpe deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_reservoir_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring to the sensor",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Sensor offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed sensor element",
            "de": "Defektes Sensorelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2526",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Reservoir Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Unterdruckspeicher-Drucksensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vacuum reservoir pressure sensor is electrically intact, but the reading does not match the model — vacuum that does not build up after pump activation, does not bleed off when consumers draw, or stays at one value. Often a partly clogged hose, a leaking reservoir or an aged sensor.",
        "de": "Der Unterdruckspeicher-Drucksensor ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber der Wert passt nicht zum Modell — Unterdruck baut sich nach Pumpenstart nicht auf, fällt bei Verbraucherzug nicht ab oder bleibt konstant. Häufig ein teilweise verstopfter Schlauch, ein lecker Speicher oder ein gealterter Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_reservoir",
        "vacuum_lines",
        "vacuum_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leaking_reservoir",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking reservoir or vacuum line",
            "de": "Undichter Speicher oder Unterdruckleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged sensor with offset drift",
            "de": "Gealterter Sensor mit Offset-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2525"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2527",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Reservoir Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Unterdruckspeicher-Drucksensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor signal voltage below the lower limit — usually a short to ground or open reference. The ECM disables vacuum pump control until the input recovers.",
        "de": "Sensorsignalspannung unter dem unteren Grenzwert — meist Masseschluss oder fehlende Referenz. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Vakuumpumpensteuerung bis zur Erholung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_reservoir_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Missing 5 V reference at the sensor",
            "de": "Fehlende 5-V-Referenz am Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2525"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2528",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Reservoir Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Unterdruckspeicher-Drucksensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor signal voltage above the upper limit — usually a short to reference voltage or open signal return. ECM disables vacuum pump control to avoid overshooting.",
        "de": "Sensorsignalspannung über dem oberen Grenzwert — meist Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Vakuumpumpensteuerung zum Schutz vor Überschwingen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_reservoir_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_signal_return",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal return",
            "de": "Offene Signalmasse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2525"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2529",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Reservoir Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Unterdruckspeicher-Drucksensor Stromkreis aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently — loose connector, vibration, or chafed harness. The ECM filters short transients but flags the input when noise exceeds limits.",
        "de": "Das Sensorsignal springt oder fällt aus — lockerer Stecker, Vibration oder aufgescheuerter Kabelbaum. Kurze Aussetzer werden gefiltert, bei Überschreitung der Diagnosegrenzen wird der Eingang gemeldet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_reservoir_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed harness",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerter Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2525"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P252A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Quality Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Motoröl-Qualitätssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the engine oil quality sensor — typically a capacitive/dielectric sensor that estimates oil aging from permittivity, viscosity proxies and conductivity. With no valid reading the dynamic service-interval algorithm falls back to the fixed-interval default.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Motoröl-Qualitätssensor — meist ein kapazitiver/dielektrischer Sensor, der die Ölalterung aus Permittivität, Viskositäts-Surrogaten und Leitfähigkeit schätzt. Ohne gültigen Wert fällt die dynamische Serviceintervall-Berechnung auf den festen Intervall-Default zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_quality_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring to the sensor",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Sensor offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed sensor electrode after long use",
            "de": "Defekte Sensorelektrode nach langer Nutzung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P252B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Quality Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motoröl-Qualitätssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil quality sensor is electrically intact, but the readings do not match the model — for example permittivity that does not change after an oil change, or shifts inconsistent with km/h driven. Often a contaminated electrode or oil that does not fit the sensor calibration.",
        "de": "Der Ölqualitätssensor ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber die Werte passen nicht zum Modell — Permittivität, die sich nach einem Ölwechsel nicht ändert, oder Verschiebungen, die nicht zur gefahrenen Strecke passen. Häufig eine verschmutzte Elektrode oder Öl, das nicht zur Sensorkalibrierung passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_quality_sensor",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contaminated_electrode",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated sensor electrode",
            "de": "Verschmutzte Sensorelektrode"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wrong_oil_grade",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil grade outside the sensor calibration range",
            "de": "Ölspezifikation außerhalb des Kalibrierbereichs"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P252A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P252C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Quality Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motoröl-Qualitätssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor signal voltage below the lower limit — typically a short to ground in the signal line or an internal short across the sensor electrode.",
        "de": "Sensorsignalspannung unter dem unteren Grenzwert — typisch Masseschluss in der Signalleitung oder interner Kurzschluss an der Sensorelektrode."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_quality_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P252A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P252D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Quality Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Motoröl-Qualitätssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Sensor signal voltage above the upper limit — typically a short to reference voltage or an open signal return.",
        "de": "Sensorsignalspannung über dem oberen Grenzwert — typisch Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_quality_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P252A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P252E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Quality Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motoröl-Qualitätssensor Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil quality sensor signal jumps or drops out — usually a loose connector at the oil pan, an oil-soaked harness or vibration cracks at the sensor housing.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Ölqualitätssensors springt oder fällt aus — meist ein lockerer Stecker an der Ölwanne, ein ölgetränkter Kabelbaum oder vibrationsbedingte Risse am Gehäuse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_quality_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose oil-soaked connector",
            "de": "Lockerer ölgetränkter Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cracked_housing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked sensor housing",
            "de": "Gerissenes Sensorgehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P252A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P252F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Level Too High",
        "de": "Motorölstand zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil level monitor reports the engine oil level above the safe maximum after sensor checks pass. Overfilling raises foaming, blow-by and crankcase pressure — and on diesels with regen-by-injection, fuel dilution can drive the level up by itself. The ECM warns the driver and may flag for service.",
        "de": "Die Ölstandsüberwachung meldet den Motorölstand über dem sicheren Maximum, nachdem die Sensorprüfungen bestanden wurden. Überfüllung führt zu Schaumbildung, Blow-by und erhöhtem Kurbelgehäusedruck — bei Dieseln mit Regeneration über Nacheinspritzung kann Kraftstoffeintrag den Pegel selbst anheben. Das Steuergerät warnt den Fahrer und meldet ggf. zum Service."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "overfilled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Overfilled at last service",
            "de": "Beim letzten Service zu viel eingefüllt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_dilution",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel dilution from incomplete DPF regeneration",
            "de": "Kraftstoffeintrag durch unvollständige DPF-Regeneration"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_intrusion",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant intrusion (head gasket / cooler)",
            "de": "Kühlmitteleintrag (Zylinderkopfdichtung / Kühler)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2530",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch Run Position Circuit",
        "de": "Zuendschloss Stellung Run Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault on the ignition switch run position input. The signal indicating that the ignition is in the run position is missing or implausible.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Eingang fuer die Zuendschloss-Position Run. Das Signal, dass die Zuendung in der Stellung Run steht, fehlt oder ist unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "ignition_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ignition_switch_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty ignition switch contacts",
            "de": "Defekte Zuendschloss-Kontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_issue",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2531",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch Run Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündschalter Run-Position Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition switch Run-position input reads stuck low — short to ground or a permanently closed contact. The ECM cannot tell when the operator releases the switch from Run, so accessory and crank logic gets confused.",
        "de": "Der Zündschalter-Eingang für die Run-Position liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt. Die Motorsteuerung erkennt das Verlassen der Run-Position nicht, die Logik für Zubehör und Anlasserstart gerät durcheinander."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Run input wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Run-Eingangsleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_switch_contact",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact stuck closed",
            "de": "Schalterkontakt dauerhaft geschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2532",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch Run Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündschalter Run-Position Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ignition switch Run-position input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or open switch return. The ECM cannot detect when the operator turns the switch back to off/accessory, so module sleep and accessory power timeouts do not work correctly.",
        "de": "Der Run-Eingang am Zündschalter liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Schalter-Rückleitung. Die Motorsteuerung erkennt das Zurückdrehen auf Aus/Zubehör nicht — Modulschlaf und Zubehör-Timeouts funktionieren nicht korrekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Run input wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Run-Eingangsleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2531"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2533",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch On/Start Position Circuit",
        "de": "Zündschalter On/Start-Position Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the ignition switch On/Start (terminal 50 / crank) input. The ECM uses this signal to know when the starter is energised — without it the ECM cannot raise fuel and timing for cranking, the engine struggles to start or stalls right after.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Zündschalter-Eingang On/Start (Klemme 50 / Anlasserkontakt). Die Motorsteuerung nutzt das Signal, um den Anlasserbetrieb zu erkennen — ohne es lassen sich Kraftstoff und Zündzeitpunkt nicht für den Start anheben, der Motor startet schwer oder stirbt direkt nach dem Anspringen ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted On/Start wire",
            "de": "On/Start-Leitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2534",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch On/Start Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündschalter On/Start-Position Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The On/Start input reads stuck low — short to ground or permanently closed contact. The ECM may see crank request when the key is at rest, blocking accessory functions or causing unexpected starter cut-off logic.",
        "de": "Der On/Start-Eingang liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt. Die Motorsteuerung erkennt evtl. eine Startanforderung im Ruhezustand, blockiert Zubehörfunktionen oder löst unerwartete Anlasser-Sperrlogik aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "On/Start wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "On/Start-Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2533"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2535",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch On/Start Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündschalter On/Start-Position Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The On/Start input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage. The ECM cannot read the crank state, modules dependent on this signal are unable to time their wake-up correctly.",
        "de": "Der On/Start-Eingang liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Die Motorsteuerung kann den Anlasser-Status nicht auslesen, abhängige Module können ihr Aufwachen nicht korrekt takten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "On/Start wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "On/Start-Leitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2533",
        "P2534"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2536",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch Accessory Position Circuit",
        "de": "Zündschalter Zubehör-Position Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the ignition switch accessory (terminal 75 / ACC) input. ACC tells the ECM that radio, fans, accessory loads should be powered without the engine running. With the input invalid, the body controller may misjudge accessory power timing.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Zündschalter-Eingang Zubehör (Klemme 75 / ACC). ACC meldet der Motorsteuerung, dass Radio, Lüfter, Zubehörlasten ohne laufenden Motor versorgt werden sollen. Bei ungültigem Eingang kann das Karosseriemodul das Zubehör-Timing falsch beurteilen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted ACC wire",
            "de": "ACC-Leitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2537",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch Accessory Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zündschalter Zubehör-Position Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ACC input reads stuck low — short to ground or permanently closed contact. The ECM may see ACC active continuously and refuse to enter sleep, draining the battery.",
        "de": "Der ACC-Eingang liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt. Die Motorsteuerung erkennt ACC ggf. dauerhaft aktiv und geht nicht in den Schlaf — die Batterie entlädt sich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ACC wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "ACC-Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2536"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2538",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch Accessory Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Zündschalter Zubehör-Position Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ACC input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage. The ECM cannot detect when the operator releases the switch from ACC, accessory power timeouts do not work.",
        "de": "Der ACC-Eingang liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Die Motorsteuerung erkennt das Verlassen der ACC-Position nicht, Zubehör-Timeouts funktionieren nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ACC wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "ACC-Leitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2536",
        "P2537"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2539",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Pressure Fuel System Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Niederdruck-Kraftstoffsystem Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the low-pressure fuel system sensor — typically the lift-pump or pre-supply pressure sensor that monitors the rail feeding the high-pressure pump. With no valid reading, the ECM cannot verify that lift pressure is sufficient for HP-pump intake.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Sensor des Niederdruck-Kraftstoffsystems — meist der Vorförderdruck-Sensor, der die Versorgung der Hochdruckpumpe überwacht. Ohne gültigen Wert kann die Motorsteuerung nicht prüfen, ob der Vorförderdruck für die HD-Pumpe ausreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lp_fuel_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring to the sensor",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Sensor offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed sensor element",
            "de": "Defektes Sensorelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P253A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Sense Circuit/Open",
        "de": "PTO Rückmelde-Kreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO sense (engagement feedback) line is open. This input tells the ECM whether the PTO clutch or driveline is actually engaged after a request — it closes the loop on the PTO enable command. With it broken, the ECM cannot confirm engagement and refuses to ramp up to PTO speed setpoints.",
        "de": "Die PTO-Rückmeldeleitung (Engagement-Feedback) ist unterbrochen. Über diesen Eingang erfährt die Motorsteuerung, ob die PTO-Kupplung oder der Triebstrang nach einer Anforderung tatsächlich eingerückt ist — sie schließt den Regelkreis zur PTO-Freigabe. Bei unterbrochener Leitung kann die Steuerung die Einrückung nicht bestätigen und fährt nicht auf die PTO-Solldrehzahl hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_sense_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sense wire",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P253B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "PTO Rückmelde-Kreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO sense circuit is electrically intact, but the engagement feedback does not match the command. The ECM requests engage and sees no engaged feedback (or vice versa) within the expected time window — drive-line slip, sticky clutch, or a mis-adjusted limit switch.",
        "de": "Der PTO-Rückmeldekreis ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber die Engagement-Rückmeldung passt nicht zur Anforderung. Die Motorsteuerung kommandiert einrücken und sieht innerhalb des Zeitfensters keine eingerückte Rückmeldung (oder umgekehrt) — Triebstrangschlupf, schwergängige Kupplung oder fehlerhaft justierter Endlagenschalter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_clutch",
        "pto_limit_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sticky_clutch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sticky or worn PTO clutch",
            "de": "Schwergängige oder verschlissene PTO-Kupplung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "misadjusted_switch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mis-adjusted limit switch",
            "de": "Fehlerhaft justierter Endlagenschalter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P253A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P253C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "PTO Rückmelde-Kreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO sense input reads stuck low — short to ground or limit switch stuck closed. The ECM may see PTO continuously engaged.",
        "de": "Der PTO-Rückmeldeeingang liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Endlagenschalter. Die Motorsteuerung sieht ggf. PTO dauernd eingerückt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_sense_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P253A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P253D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "PTO Rückmelde-Kreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO sense input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or open switch return. The ECM cannot detect engagement.",
        "de": "Der PTO-Rückmeldeeingang liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Schalter-Rückleitung. Die Motorsteuerung kann die Einrückung nicht erkennen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_sense_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P253A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P253E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Sense Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "PTO Rückmelde-Kreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO sense signal jumps or drops out — usually loose connectors, a chattering limit switch, or vibration on the work attachment.",
        "de": "Das PTO-Rückmeldesignal springt oder fällt aus — meist lockere Stecker, prellender Endlagenschalter oder Vibration am Anbaugerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_sense_circuit",
        "pto_limit_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chattering_switch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chattering limit switch",
            "de": "Prellender Endlagenschalter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P253A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P253F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Deteriorated",
        "de": "Motoröl verschlissen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The oil quality monitor concludes that the engine oil has reached the end of its useful life — based on permittivity, soot content, fuel dilution and total operating hours. The ECM requests an oil change before the next regen cycle to prevent accelerated bearing wear.",
        "de": "Die Ölqualitätsüberwachung kommt zu dem Schluss, dass das Motoröl seine Nutzungsdauer erreicht hat — auf Basis von Permittivität, Rußgehalt, Kraftstoffeintrag und Betriebsstunden. Die Motorsteuerung fordert einen Ölwechsel vor dem nächsten Regenerationszyklus, um beschleunigten Lagerverschleiß zu vermeiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "extended_interval",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Service interval exceeded",
            "de": "Wechselintervall überschritten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_regen_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High DPF regeneration load with fuel dilution",
            "de": "Hohe DPF-Regenerationslast mit Kraftstoffeintrag"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2540",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Pressure Fuel System Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Niederdruck-Kraftstoffsystem Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects a general fault in the low-pressure fuel system pressure sensor circuit. Without a valid signal the ECU cannot verify lift-pump pressure or fuel rail pre-pressure.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Niederdruck-Kraftstoffdrucksensors. Ohne gueltiges Signal kann die ECU den Vorfoerderdruck oder Vorlauf-Raildruck nicht ueberpruefen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_pressure_fuel_sensor",
        "fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lp_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Defective low-pressure sensor",
            "de": "Defekter Niederdrucksensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2541",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Pressure Fuel System Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Niederdruck-Kraftstoffdrucksensor Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signal of the low-pressure fuel sensor does not match the expected value during operation. Pressure does not rise as expected when the lift pump is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Niederdruck-Kraftstoffdrucksensors entspricht im Betrieb nicht dem erwarteten Wert. Der Druck steigt nicht wie erwartet, wenn die Vorfoerderpumpe angesteuert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_pressure_fuel_sensor",
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lp_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift",
            "de": "Sensordrift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clogged_filter",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clogged fuel filter",
            "de": "Verstopfter Kraftstofffilter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2542",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Pressure Fuel System Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Niederdruck-Kraftstoffsystem Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The low-pressure fuel system sensor signal voltage is above the upper limit. Either a short to reference voltage in the signal line, an open signal return, or a sensor reading pegged high after an internal failure. The HP-pump pressure-control strategy falls back to default.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des Niederdruck-Kraftstoffsystem-Sensors liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert. Entweder Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung in der Signalleitung, offene Signalmasse oder Sensor am Anschlag nach internem Defekt. Die Druckregelstrategie der HD-Pumpe fällt auf Default zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lp_fuel_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_signal_return",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal return",
            "de": "Offene Signalmasse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2539"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2543",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Power Demand Signal Circuit",
        "de": "Leistungsanforderungs-Signal Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an electrical fault on the power demand input signal used to coordinate accessory loads (e.g. AC compressor, alternator load). The signal is missing or implausible.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Leistungsanforderungs-Eingang, der zur Koordination von Nebenverbrauchern dient (z. B. Klimakompressor, Generatorlast). Das Signal fehlt oder ist unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_demand_signal_module",
        "hvac_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal wire",
            "de": "Offene Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "requesting_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fault in requesting module",
            "de": "Fehler im anfordernden Modul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2544",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Request Input Signal A",
        "de": "Drehmomentanforderung Eingangssignal A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an invalid torque-management request signal A from another control unit (e.g. transmission, ESP, ABS) on the CAN bus. Cooperative torque control cannot be performed as expected.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine unzulaessige Drehmomentanforderung A von einem anderen Steuergeraet (z. B. Getriebe, ESP, ABS) auf dem CAN-Bus. Die kooperative Momentenregelung kann nicht wie erwartet durchgefuehrt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus",
        "tcm",
        "abs_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_communication_error",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN communication error",
            "de": "CAN-Kommunikationsfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "requesting_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fault in requesting module",
            "de": "Fehler im anfordernden Steuergeraet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2545",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Request Input Signal A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management Anforderungseingang A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM receives torque-management requests from other modules (TCM during shifts, ABS/ESC during traction events, hybrid controller). Input A is electrically intact but its values do not match the system model — out-of-range steps, jumps, or persistent values that other modules cannot confirm.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erhält Drehmoment-Anforderungen von anderen Modulen (Getriebesteuerung beim Schalten, ABS/ESC bei Traktionseingriffen, Hybrid-Steuergerät). Eingang A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber die Werte passen nicht zum Systemmodell — Sprünge, anhaltende Werte, die andere Module nicht bestätigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_management_input_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "requesting_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Requesting module sending invalid values",
            "de": "Anforderndes Modul sendet ungültige Werte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication bus corruption between modules",
            "de": "Datenkorruption auf dem Kommunikationsbus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2546",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Request Input Signal A Low",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management Anforderungseingang A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Torque management input A reads stuck low — analog short to ground or message stuck at minimum value. The ECM cannot trust the request and falls back to a safe default.",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management-Eingang A liegt dauerhaft niedrig — analoger Masseschluss oder Botschaft hängt am Minimum. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft die Anforderung und greift auf einen sicheren Default zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_management_input_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_message_min",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN message stuck at minimum value",
            "de": "CAN-Botschaft am Minimalwert hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2545"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2547",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Request Input Signal A High",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management Anforderungseingang A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Torque management input A reads stuck high — analog short to reference voltage or message stuck at maximum value. The ECM rejects the request to avoid running unintended high-torque commands.",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management-Eingang A liegt dauerhaft hoch — analoger Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder Botschaft hängt am Maximum. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft die Anforderung, um unbeabsichtigt hohes Drehmoment zu vermeiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_management_input_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stuck_message_max",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN message stuck at maximum value",
            "de": "CAN-Botschaft am Maximalwert hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2545"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2548",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Request Input Signal B",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management Anforderungseingang B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the second torque-management request input B. Used when more than one module needs to request torque adjustments — typically TCM on input A and ABS/ESC on input B, or chassis vs powertrain. With B invalid, only the A-side request is honoured.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am zweiten Drehmoment-Management-Anforderungseingang B. Wird genutzt, wenn mehr als ein Modul Drehmoment-Eingriffe anfordert — typisch TCM auf A und ABS/ESC auf B oder Fahrwerk vs. Antrieb. Bei ungültigem B wird nur die A-Seite ausgeführt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_management_input_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wire / invalid CAN message",
            "de": "Leitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen / ungültige CAN-Botschaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2549",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Request Input Signal B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management Anforderungseingang B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input B is electrically intact but the values are implausible — same failure mode as the A-side performance fault, applied to the second torque-management channel.",
        "de": "Eingang B ist elektrisch in Ordnung, die Werte sind aber unplausibel — derselbe Fehlermodus wie der A-Performance-Fehler auf dem zweiten Drehmoment-Management-Kanal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_management_input_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "requesting_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Requesting module sending invalid values",
            "de": "Anforderndes Modul sendet ungültige Werte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2548"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P254A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Speed Selector Sensor/Switch 1 Circuit/Open",
        "de": "PTO Drehzahlwahl Sensor/Schalter 1 Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO speed-selector switch 1 input is open. This switch lets the operator pick a preset PTO operating speed (idle, 800, 1200 rpm, etc.). With the input broken, the ECM cannot apply any operator-selected speed and falls back to a default speed.",
        "de": "Der Eingang des PTO-Drehzahlwahlschalters 1 ist unterbrochen. Über diesen Schalter wählt der Bediener eine voreingestellte PTO-Drehzahl (Leerlauf, 800, 1200 1/min, ...). Bei unterbrochener Leitung kann die Motorsteuerung keine Bediener-Wahl umsetzen und fällt auf eine Default-Drehzahl zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_speed_selector_1",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire or unplugged switch",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen oder Schalter abgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P254B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Speed Selector Sensor/Switch 1 Range/Performance",
        "de": "PTO Drehzahlwahl Sensor/Schalter 1 Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The selector input is electrically intact but the value is implausible — multiple positions asserted at once, or a value that cannot map to any of the configured speed presets. Often a sticky multi-position switch or a contaminated rotary contact.",
        "de": "Der Wahleingang ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber der Wert ist unplausibel — mehrere Positionen gleichzeitig oder ein Wert, der zu keinem konfigurierten Drehzahlpreset passt. Häufig ein schwergängiger Mehrstellungsschalter oder ein verschmutzter Drehkontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_speed_selector_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contaminated_switch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated rotary contact",
            "de": "Verschmutzter Drehkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P254A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P254C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Speed Selector Sensor/Switch 1 Circuit Low",
        "de": "PTO Drehzahlwahl Sensor/Schalter 1 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "PTO speed selector 1 input reads stuck low — short to ground or analog signal pegged at minimum.",
        "de": "PTO-Drehzahlwahl-Eingang 1 liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder Analogsignal am Minimum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_speed_selector_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P254A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P254D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Speed Selector Sensor/Switch 1 Circuit High",
        "de": "PTO Drehzahlwahl Sensor/Schalter 1 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "PTO speed selector 1 input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or analog signal pegged at maximum.",
        "de": "PTO-Drehzahlwahl-Eingang 1 liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder Analogsignal am Maximum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_speed_selector_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P254A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P254E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Speed Selector Sensor/Switch 1 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "PTO Drehzahlwahl Sensor/Schalter 1 Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO speed selector signal jumps or drops out — usually a worn rotary contact or vibration on the work attachment.",
        "de": "Das Signal der PTO-Drehzahlwahl springt oder fällt aus — meist ein verschlissener Drehkontakt oder Vibrationen am Anbaugerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_speed_selector_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn rotary contact",
            "de": "Verschlissener Drehkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P254A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P254F",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Hood Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Motorhauben-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the engine hood (bonnet) switch circuit. The hood switch tells the body controller and (on hybrids) the high-voltage system that the hood is open — used for security, alarm and HV-safety interlock. With the input invalid, alarm logic and HV interlock fall back to a safe state.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Stromkreis des Motorhauben-Schalters. Der Haubenschalter meldet dem Karosseriemodul und (bei Hybriden) dem Hochvoltsystem, dass die Haube offen ist — für Diebstahlwarnanlage und HV-Sicherheitsverriegelung. Bei ungültigem Eingang fallen Alarmlogik und HV-Verriegelung in einen sicheren Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hood_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted hood-switch wire",
            "de": "Leitung des Haubenschalters offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged switch with corroded contacts",
            "de": "Gealterter Schalter mit korrodierten Kontakten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_anti-theft_system",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2550",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Request Input Signal B Low",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management Anforderungseingang B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Torque management input B reads stuck low — short to ground or message at minimum. ECM rejects the request, only A-side is used.",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management-Eingang B liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder Botschaft am Minimum. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft die Anforderung, nur die A-Seite wird genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_management_input_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2548"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2551",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Request Input Signal B High",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management Anforderungseingang B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Torque management input B reads stuck high — short to reference voltage or message at maximum. ECM rejects the request to avoid unintended high-torque commands.",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management-Eingang B liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder Botschaft am Maximum. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft die Anforderung, um unbeabsichtigt hohes Drehmoment zu vermeiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_management_input_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2548"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2552",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Fuel Inhibit A Circuit",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the throttle/fuel inhibit input A. This input lets external safety functions (immobilizer, hybrid HV interlock, anti-theft) override the throttle or cut fuel delivery. With the input invalid the safety override is unreliable, so the ECM falls back to its safe default — typically inhibit asserted to err on the side of safety.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre-Eingang A. Über diesen Eingang können externe Sicherheitsfunktionen (Wegfahrsperre, HV-Verriegelung im Hybrid, Diebstahlschutz) die Drossel übersteuern oder den Kraftstoff sperren. Bei ungültigem Eingang ist der Override unzuverlässig — die Motorsteuerung greift auf den sicheren Default zurück, typisch Sperre aktiv."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_inhibit_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted inhibit wire",
            "de": "Sperre-Leitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2553",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Fuel Inhibit A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The throttle/fuel inhibit A signal is electrically intact but its value does not match the system context — for example asserted while the immobilizer reports OK, or de-asserted while a hybrid HV interlock is active. The ECM cannot trust the signal.",
        "de": "Das Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre-Signal A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, sein Wert passt aber nicht zum Systemzustand — etwa aktiv, obwohl die Wegfahrsperre OK meldet, oder inaktiv bei aktiver HV-Verriegelung. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft das Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_inhibit_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "requesting_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Requesting module sending an inconsistent value",
            "de": "Anforderndes Modul sendet inkonsistente Werte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2552"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2554",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Fuel Inhibit A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/fuel inhibit A reads stuck low — short to ground or permanently asserted. ECM may treat it as continuous inhibit and refuse normal operation.",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre A liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft aktiv. Die Motorsteuerung kann das als Dauer-Sperre werten und den Normalbetrieb verweigern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_inhibit_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inhibit wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sperre-Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2552"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2555",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Fuel Inhibit A Circuit High",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Throttle/fuel inhibit A reads stuck high — short to battery voltage. ECM cannot read the inhibit state and falls back to the safe default.",
        "de": "Drossel-/Kraftstoffsperre A liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Die Motorsteuerung kann den Sperre-Status nicht auslesen und greift auf den sicheren Default zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_inhibit_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inhibit wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Sperre-Leitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2552"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2556",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Level Sensor/Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Motor-Kühlmittelstand Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the engine coolant level sensor/switch circuit. Many vehicles use a simple float-switch in the expansion tank, others use a continuous-level analog sensor. With the input invalid the ECM cannot warn for low coolant before overheating starts.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Motor-Kühlmittelstand-Sensor/Schalter. Viele Fahrzeuge nutzen einen einfachen Schwimmerschalter im Ausgleichsbehälter, andere einen analogen Pegelsensor. Bei ungültigem Eingang kann die Motorsteuerung nicht vor Kühlmittelmangel warnen, bevor die Überhitzung beginnt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring to the sensor",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Sensor offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "corroded_connector",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded connector at the expansion tank",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker am Ausgleichsbehälter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2557",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Level Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Kühlmittelstand Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant level sensor is electrically intact, but the readings are implausible — for example a level that does not move at all over many drive cycles, or jumps that cannot match real coolant loss. Often a stuck float, contaminated electrode or air-locked sensor.",
        "de": "Der Kühlmittelstand-Sensor ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber der Wert ist unplausibel — etwa ein Pegel, der über viele Fahrten konstant bleibt, oder Sprünge, die kein realer Verlust sein können. Häufig ein klemmender Schwimmer, verschmutzte Elektrode oder lufteingeschlossener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_level_sensor",
        "cooling_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_float",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck float",
            "de": "Klemmender Schwimmer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "trapped_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Trapped air around the sensor",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss um den Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2556"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2558",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Level Sensor/Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Kühlmittelstand Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant level sensor signal voltage below the lower limit — short to ground or internal short.",
        "de": "Sensorsignalspannung unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Masseschluss oder interner Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2556"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2559",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Level Sensor/Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Kühlmittelstand Sensor/Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant level sensor signal voltage above the upper limit — short to reference voltage or open signal return.",
        "de": "Sensorsignalspannung über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_level_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2556"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P255A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Speed Selector Sensor/Switch 2 Circuit/Open",
        "de": "PTO Drehzahlwahl Sensor/Schalter 2 Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second PTO speed-selector switch input is open. Switch 2 typically encodes a binary or multi-bit code together with switch 1 — together they select one of several preset PTO speeds. With switch 2 broken, only the half of the bit pattern is available, so several presets cannot be reached.",
        "de": "Der Eingang des zweiten PTO-Drehzahlwahlschalters ist unterbrochen. Schalter 2 codiert zusammen mit Schalter 1 ein binäres oder Mehrbit-Muster — beide zusammen wählen eine von mehreren PTO-Voreinstellungen. Bei unterbrochenem Schalter 2 ist nur die Hälfte des Musters verfügbar — mehrere Presets sind nicht erreichbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_speed_selector_2",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire or unplugged switch",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen oder Schalter abgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P255B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Speed Selector Sensor/Switch 2 Range/Performance",
        "de": "PTO Drehzahlwahl Sensor/Schalter 2 Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "PTO speed selector switch 2 is electrically intact but its value does not match a valid bit pattern — multiple positions asserted, or values that do not map to any preset.",
        "de": "PTO-Drehzahlwahlschalter 2 ist elektrisch in Ordnung, sein Wert passt aber zu keinem gültigen Bitmuster — mehrere Positionen gleichzeitig oder Werte, die keinem Preset entsprechen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_speed_selector_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contaminated_switch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated rotary contact",
            "de": "Verschmutzter Drehkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P255A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P255C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Speed Selector Sensor/Switch 2 Circuit Low",
        "de": "PTO Drehzahlwahl Sensor/Schalter 2 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "PTO speed selector 2 input reads stuck low — short to ground or analog signal pegged at minimum.",
        "de": "PTO-Drehzahlwahl-Eingang 2 liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder Analogsignal am Minimum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_speed_selector_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P255A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P255D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Speed Selector Sensor/Switch 2 Circuit High",
        "de": "PTO Drehzahlwahl Sensor/Schalter 2 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "PTO speed selector 2 input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or analog signal pegged at maximum.",
        "de": "PTO-Drehzahlwahl-Eingang 2 liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder Analogsignal am Maximum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_speed_selector_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P255A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P255E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Speed Selector Sensor/Switch 2 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "PTO Drehzahlwahl Sensor/Schalter 2 Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "PTO speed selector 2 signal jumps or drops out — usually a worn rotary contact or vibration on the work attachment.",
        "de": "PTO-Drehzahlwahl 2 springt oder fällt aus — meist ein verschlissener Drehkontakt oder Vibrationen am Anbaugerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_speed_selector_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn rotary contact",
            "de": "Verschlissener Drehkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P255A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P255F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Request A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "A/C Anforderung A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C request input A is electrically intact, but its value does not match the system context — for example asserted while the HVAC controller reports off, toggling rapidly, or sustained while compressor pressures cannot support it. The ECM disables A/C clutch engagement until the input becomes plausible.",
        "de": "Der A/C-Anforderungseingang A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber sein Wert passt nicht zum Systemzustand — etwa aktiv, obwohl die HVAC ausgeschaltet meldet, schnelles Toggeln oder dauernd aktiv, obwohl Verdichterdrücke das nicht zulassen. Die Motorsteuerung deaktiviert die Verdichterkupplung bis zur Plausibilität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_request_input_a",
        "hvac_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hvac_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HVAC module sending inconsistent request",
            "de": "HVAC-Modul sendet inkonsistente Anforderung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2519"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2560",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Level Low",
        "de": "Motor-Kühlmittelstand niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant level monitor reports the engine coolant below the safe minimum after sensor checks pass. Continued operation risks overheating, head warping and head-gasket failure. The driver is warned and the ECM may reduce engine power until the level is restored.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelstandsüberwachung meldet den Pegel unter dem sicheren Minimum, nachdem die Sensorprüfungen bestanden wurden. Weiterer Betrieb gefährdet Überhitzung, Zylinderkopfverzug und Zylinderkopfdichtung. Der Fahrer wird gewarnt, das Steuergerät kann die Leistung reduzieren, bis der Pegel wieder steht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_system",
        "coolant"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "external_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "External coolant leak (hose, radiator, water pump)",
            "de": "Äußerer Kühlmittelverlust (Schlauch, Kühler, Wasserpumpe)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "missed_topup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Missed top-up since last service",
            "de": "Nachfüllen seit letztem Service versäumt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "head_gasket",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Head gasket leaking coolant into combustion",
            "de": "Zylinderkopfdichtung verliert Kühlmittel in den Brennraum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2561",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Control Module Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "A/C-Steuermodul fordert MIL-Aktivierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C / HVAC control module has requested the ECM to illuminate the malfunction indicator (MIL) because of an emissions-relevant fault on its side. The original fault is stored in the HVAC module — this code only signals that the ECM has honoured the request.",
        "de": "Das A/C-/HVAC-Steuermodul hat die Motorsteuerung aufgefordert, die Motorkontrollleuchte (MIL) zu aktivieren, weil ein abgasrelevanter Fehler auf seiner Seite vorliegt. Der eigentliche Fehler ist im HVAC-Modul abgelegt — dieser Code zeigt nur an, dass die Motorsteuerung die Anforderung umgesetzt hat."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hvac_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal fault in the HVAC module — read its DTCs",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im HVAC-Modul — dessen Fehlerspeicher auslesen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2562",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the turbocharger boost control position sensor A — the feedback sensor on the wastegate or VGT actuator (often a contactless Hall sensor). Without valid position feedback the ECM cannot close the loop on boost control and falls back to open-loop duty cycle.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Turbolader-Ladedruck-Positionssensor A — dem Rückführsensor am Wastegate- oder VTG-Aktor (oft ein berührungsloser Hall-Sensor). Ohne gültige Positionsrückmeldung kann die Motorsteuerung den Ladedruck nicht regeln und fällt auf eine offene Tastverhältnis-Steuerung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring to the position sensor",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Positionssensor offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed Hall element after thermal cycling",
            "de": "Defektes Hall-Element nach Temperaturwechseln"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-geometry_turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2563",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Stellungssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position feedback sensor on the variable-geometry or wastegate turbocharger actuator is not communicating or is implausible. Without position feedback, boost control runs in default mode and power is reduced.",
        "de": "Der Stellungssensor des Variabel-Geometrie- oder Wastegate-Turboladerstellers liefert kein Signal oder ist unplausibel. Ohne Stellungs-Rückmeldung läuft die Ladedruckregelung im Default und die Leistung sinkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_actuator",
        "turbocharger_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbo_pos_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Stellungssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "turbo_pos_wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring open or chafed near turbo",
            "de": "Leitung am Turbolader unterbrochen oder gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2564",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor A signal voltage below the lower limit — short to ground in the signal line or open reference voltage at the sensor.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Positionssensors A unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Masseschluss in der Signalleitung oder fehlende Referenzspannung am Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Missing 5 V reference at the sensor",
            "de": "Fehlende 5-V-Referenz am Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2562"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2565",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor A signal voltage above the upper limit — short to reference voltage in the signal line or open signal return.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Positionssensors A über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung in der Signalleitung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_signal_return",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal return",
            "de": "Offene Signalmasse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2562"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2566",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Stellungssensor Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger actuator position sensor reports a value, but it does not track commanded vane or wastegate position within tolerance. Often a sticky VTG mechanism due to soot.",
        "de": "Der Stellungssensor des Turboladerstellers liefert ein Signal, das aber nicht zur kommandierten Schaufel- oder Wastegate-Stellung innerhalb der Toleranz passt. Häufig ein verrusster VTG-Mechanismus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_actuator",
        "turbocharger_vanes"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vtg_vanes_sooted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VTG vanes coked, sticky",
            "de": "VTG-Schaufeln verrusst und klemmen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_linkage_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator linkage worn",
            "de": "Stellgestänge verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2563"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2567",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Stellungssensor Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger position sensor signal is below the lower limit — short to ground or sensor at zero stop.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Turbolader-Stellungssensors liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Sensor am Nullanschlag."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_position_sensor",
        "turbocharger_actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "turbo_pos_sensor_failed_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed low",
            "de": "Sensor mit Niedrig-Defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2563"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2568",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Stellungssensor Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger position sensor signal is above the upper limit — short to supply, open ground or sensor failed high.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Turbolader-Stellungssensors liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss nach Plus, offene Masse oder defekter Sensor mit Hoch-Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_position_sensor",
        "turbocharger_actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_supply",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to supply",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "turbo_pos_sensor_failed_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed high",
            "de": "Sensor mit Hoch-Defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2563"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2569",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Direkt-Ozonreduktions-Katalysator Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Direct Ozone Reduction (DOR) catalysts are coated radiator surfaces or dedicated catalysts that decompose tropospheric ozone passing over the radiator — used for low-emissions vehicles. The temperature sensor monitoring the DOR brick reads stuck low — short to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Direkt-Ozonreduktion (DOR) nutzt beschichtete Kühleroberflächen oder eigene Katalysatoren, die troposphärisches Ozon zerlegen, das über den Kühler streicht — eingesetzt bei besonders sauberen Fahrzeugen. Der Temperatursensor des DOR-Kats liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder Sensorschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor shorted internally",
            "de": "Sensor intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P256A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Idle Speed Selector Sensor/Switch Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motor-Leerlaufdrehzahl Wahlsensor/Schalter Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The idle-speed selector input is open. On commercial vehicles this switch lets the operator pick a fast-idle setpoint (for example to keep auxiliary loads supplied). With the input broken, the ECM cannot apply an operator-selected idle speed.",
        "de": "Der Eingang des Leerlaufdrehzahl-Wahlschalters ist unterbrochen. Auf Nutzfahrzeugen wählt der Bediener damit eine erhöhte Leerlaufdrehzahl (z.B. um Nebenaggregate zu versorgen). Bei unterbrochener Leitung kann die Motorsteuerung keine Bediener-Wahl umsetzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_speed_selector_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire or unplugged switch",
            "de": "Leitung unterbrochen oder Schalter abgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_speed",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P256B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Idle Speed Selector Sensor/Switch Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Leerlaufdrehzahl Wahlsensor/Schalter Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The idle-speed selector input is electrically intact but the value does not match a valid preset — multiple positions or a non-mappable value. Often a sticky multi-position switch.",
        "de": "Der Leerlaufdrehzahl-Wahleingang ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Wert passt aber zu keinem gültigen Preset — mehrere Positionen oder unzuordenbarer Wert. Häufig ein schwergängiger Mehrstellungsschalter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_speed_selector_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contaminated_switch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated rotary contact",
            "de": "Verschmutzter Drehkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P256A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_speed",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P256C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Idle Speed Selector Sensor/Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Leerlaufdrehzahl Wahlsensor/Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Idle-speed selector input reads stuck low — short to ground or analog signal at minimum.",
        "de": "Leerlaufdrehzahl-Wahleingang liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder Analogsignal am Minimum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_speed_selector_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P256A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_speed",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P256D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Idle Speed Selector Sensor/Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Leerlaufdrehzahl Wahlsensor/Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Idle-speed selector input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or analog signal at maximum.",
        "de": "Leerlaufdrehzahl-Wahleingang liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder Analogsignal am Maximum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_speed_selector_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P256A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_speed",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P256E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Idle Speed Selector Sensor/Switch Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motor-Leerlaufdrehzahl Wahlsensor/Schalter Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The idle-speed selector signal jumps or drops out — usually a worn rotary contact or vibration.",
        "de": "Das Signal der Leerlaufdrehzahl-Wahl springt oder fällt aus — meist ein verschlissener Drehkontakt oder Vibration."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "idle_speed_selector_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn rotary contact",
            "de": "Verschlissener Drehkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P256A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idle_speed",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P256F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Request B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "A/C Anforderung B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A/C request input B is electrically intact but its value does not match the system context — same failure mode as the input A performance fault, applied to the second HVAC channel.",
        "de": "A/C-Anforderungseingang B ist elektrisch in Ordnung, sein Wert passt aber nicht zum Systemzustand — derselbe Fehlermodus wie beim A-Performance-Fehler, am zweiten HVAC-Kanal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_request_input_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hvac_module_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HVAC module sending inconsistent request B",
            "de": "HVAC-Modul sendet inkonsistente Anforderung B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2522"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2570",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Direkt-Ozonreduktions-Katalysator Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DOR catalyst temperature sensor reads stuck high — short to reference voltage or open signal return. Without a valid temperature the ECM cannot enable the DOR efficiency monitor.",
        "de": "Der DOR-Kat-Temperatursensor liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse. Ohne gültige Temperatur kann die Motorsteuerung die DOR-Wirkungsgradüberwachung nicht aktivieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_signal_return",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open signal return",
            "de": "Offene Signalmasse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2569"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2571",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Direkt-Ozonreduktions-Katalysator Temperatursensor Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DOR catalyst temperature sensor signal jumps or drops out — typically loose connectors or chafed wiring near the radiator pack.",
        "de": "Das DOR-Kat-Temperatursensorsignal springt oder fällt aus — typisch lockere Stecker oder aufgescheuerte Leitungen am Kühlerpaket."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_temperature_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed harness",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerter Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2569"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2572",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Deterioration Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Direkt-Ozonreduktions-Katalysator Verschleiß-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the DOR catalyst deterioration sensor circuit. This sensor estimates the remaining ozone-conversion capacity of the DOR coating — coating worn off the radiator surface, contaminated by salt or grime, or thermally aged. Without a valid signal the deterioration monitor is disabled.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Verschleiß-Sensor des DOR-Kats. Der Sensor schätzt die verbliebene Ozonumsetz-Kapazität der DOR-Beschichtung — Abnutzung am Kühler, Verschmutzung durch Salz oder Schmutz, thermische Alterung. Ohne gültiges Signal wird die Verschleißüberwachung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_deterioration_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring",
            "de": "Verkabelung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2573",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Deterioration Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Direkt-Ozonreduktions-Katalysator Verschleiß-Sensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DOR deterioration sensor is electrically intact but its readings drift or do not match the model — for example a deterioration value that does not move with km/h driven, or moves implausibly fast.",
        "de": "Der DOR-Verschleiß-Sensor ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber die Werte driften oder passen nicht zum Modell — etwa ein Verschleißwert, der sich mit der gefahrenen Strecke nicht ändert oder unplausibel schnell bewegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_deterioration_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged sensor with offset drift",
            "de": "Gealterter Sensor mit Offset-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2572"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2574",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Deterioration Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Direkt-Ozonreduktions-Katalysator Verschleiß-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DOR deterioration sensor signal voltage reads below the lower limit — short to ground or internal short.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des DOR-Verschleißsensors liegt unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Masseschluss oder interner Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_deterioration_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2572"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2575",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Deterioration Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Direkt-Ozonreduktions-Katalysator Verschleiß-Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DOR deterioration sensor signal voltage reads above the upper limit — short to reference voltage or open signal return.",
        "de": "Die Signalspannung des DOR-Verschleißsensors liegt über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_deterioration_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.4,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2572"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2576",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Deterioration Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Direkt-Ozonreduktions-Katalysator Verschleiß-Sensor Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DOR deterioration sensor signal jumps or drops out — typically loose connectors or chafed wiring near the radiator.",
        "de": "Das DOR-Verschleißsensor-Signal springt oder fällt aus — typisch lockere Stecker oder aufgescheuerte Leitungen am Kühler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_deterioration_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose connector",
            "de": "Lockerer Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2572"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2577",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold",
        "de": "Direkt-Ozonreduktions-Katalysator Wirkungsgrad unter Schwellwert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DOR catalyst no longer reduces tropospheric ozone with the required efficiency, based on the deterioration sensor and operating-time model. Coating worn off the radiator surface, contaminated by road salt and grime, or thermally aged after many heat cycles. Replacing the affected radiator/coating restores function.",
        "de": "Der DOR-Kat reduziert troposphärisches Ozon nicht mehr mit dem geforderten Wirkungsgrad, basierend auf Verschleißsensor und Betriebsstundenmodell. Beschichtung am Kühler abgetragen, durch Streusalz und Schmutz verschmutzt oder durch viele Temperaturzyklen gealtert. Tausch des betroffenen Kühlers/der Beschichtung stellt die Funktion wieder her."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_coating",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DOR coating worn off the radiator",
            "de": "DOR-Beschichtung am Kühler abgetragen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coating contaminated by salt and grime",
            "de": "Beschichtung durch Salz und Schmutz verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2578",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Speed Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader-/Kompressor-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the turbocharger/supercharger shaft speed sensor A — a high-frequency Hall or eddy-current sensor on the compressor shaft. The ECM uses turbo speed for overspeed protection (typically 200,000+ rpm) and for closed-loop boost on VGT systems. With no valid speed the ECM limits boost.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Turbolader-/Kompressor-Drehzahlsensor A — ein hochfrequenter Hall- oder Wirbelstrom-Sensor an der Verdichterwelle. Die Motorsteuerung nutzt die Turbo-Drehzahl zur Überdrehzahlbegrenzung (typisch über 200.000 1/min) und für die geschlossene Ladedruckregelung an VTG-Systemen. Ohne gültige Drehzahl wird der Ladedruck begrenzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring",
            "de": "Verkabelung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged sensor with reduced output amplitude",
            "de": "Gealterter Sensor mit verminderter Ausgangsamplitude"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2579",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Speed Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader-/Kompressor-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo speed sensor A is electrically intact, but the speed reading does not match the model — for example a speed that does not climb when boost rises, drifts away from the air-mass-flow estimate, or jumps. Often blade-fouling, a contaminated sensor tip or aged element.",
        "de": "Turbo-Drehzahlsensor A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber die Drehzahl passt nicht zum Modell — etwa eine Drehzahl, die mit steigendem Ladedruck nicht ansteigt, vom Luftmassen-Modell abdriftet oder springt. Häufig Schaufelverschmutzung, verschmutzter Sensorkopf oder gealtertes Element."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_a",
        "turbocharger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contaminated_tip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil-contaminated sensor tip",
            "de": "Ölverschmutzter Sensorkopf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged Hall element",
            "de": "Gealtertes Hall-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2578"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P257A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Reservoir Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Unterdruckspeicher Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit that drives the vacuum reservoir control valve (or vacuum pump motor) is open. The ECM cannot energise the actuator, so vacuum is no longer maintained on demand and consumers like brake booster, EGR or HVAC dampers may run out of vacuum.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis, der das Unterdruckspeicher-Steuerventil (oder den Vakuumpumpen-Motor) ansteuert, ist unterbrochen. Die Motorsteuerung kann den Aktor nicht bestromen — Unterdruck wird nicht mehr bedarfsgerecht aufgebaut, Verbraucher wie Bremskraftverstärker, EGR oder HVAC-Klappen verlieren Unterdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_reservoir_control_valve",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open control wire",
            "de": "Steuerleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_driver",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed driver in the control module",
            "de": "Defekte Endstufe im Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P257B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Reservoir Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Unterdruckspeicher Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vacuum reservoir control circuit reads stuck low — short to ground or low-side driver stuck on. The actuator may be energised continuously when it should be off.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder hängender Low-Side-Treiber. Der Aktor wird ggf. ständig bestromt, obwohl er aus sein sollte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_reservoir_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P257A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P257C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Reservoir Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Unterdruckspeicher Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vacuum reservoir control circuit reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or open coil. The driver cannot pull the line low to actuate the valve/motor.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Spule. Der Treiber kann die Leitung nicht auf Low ziehen, das Ventil/der Motor lässt sich nicht schalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_reservoir_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_coil",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil",
            "de": "Offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P257A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P257D",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Hood Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorhauben-Schalter Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hood switch is electrically intact, but its state is implausible — for example reporting hood-open while vehicle speed is rising, or rapid toggles. Usually a worn switch with high contact bounce or a misaligned hood actuator.",
        "de": "Der Haubenschalter ist elektrisch in Ordnung, sein Zustand passt aber nicht zur Situation — meldet etwa Haube offen, während die Geschwindigkeit steigt, oder schnelles Toggeln. Meist ein verschlissener Schalter mit Kontaktprellen oder ein dejustierter Haubenanschlag."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hood_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_switch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn switch with contact bounce",
            "de": "Verschlissener Schalter mit Kontaktprellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "misaligned_actuator",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Misaligned hood actuator",
            "de": "Dejustierter Haubenanschlag"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P254F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_anti-theft_system",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P257E",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Hood Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorhauben-Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hood switch input reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-closed switch. The body controller may treat the hood as permanently open and refuse to arm the alarm or close the HV interlock.",
        "de": "Der Haubenschalter-Eingang liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Schalter. Das Karosseriemodul kann die Haube als dauerhaft offen werten und Alarm/HV-Verriegelung nicht scharfschalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hood_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P254F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_anti-theft_system",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P257F",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Hood Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorhauben-Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hood switch input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or open switch return. The body controller cannot detect when the hood is opened.",
        "de": "Der Haubenschalter-Eingang liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Schalter-Rückleitung. Das Karosseriemodul erkennt das Öffnen der Haube nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hood_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P254F"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_anti-theft_system",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2580",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Speed Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader-/Kompressor-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo speed sensor A signal voltage below the lower limit — short to ground in the signal line or open supply.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Turbo-Drehzahlsensors A unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Masseschluss in der Signalleitung oder offene Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open supply at the sensor",
            "de": "Offene Versorgung am Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2578"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2581",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Speed Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader-/Kompressor-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo speed sensor A signal voltage above the upper limit — short to reference voltage or open signal return.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Turbo-Drehzahlsensors A über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2578"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2582",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Speed Sensor A Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Turbolader-/Kompressor-Drehzahlsensor A Stromkreis aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo speed sensor A signal jumps or drops out — vibration, oil mist on the sensor tip, or chafed wiring near the hot turbo.",
        "de": "Signal des Turbo-Drehzahlsensors A springt oder fällt aus — Vibration, Ölnebel am Sensorkopf oder aufgescheuerte Leitungen am heißen Turbo."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_a",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_mist",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil mist on the sensor tip",
            "de": "Ölnebel am Sensorkopf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed harness near the turbo",
            "de": "Aufgescheuerter Kabelbaum am Turbo"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2578"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2583",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Front Distance Range Sensor Single Sensor or Center",
        "de": "Tempomat Frontabstands-Sensor Einzelsensor oder Mitte"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault on the radar/lidar/camera distance-range sensor used by adaptive cruise control. On systems with a single sensor or three sensors with a center unit, this code refers to the central sensor — without it, ACC distance control is disabled and the system falls back to plain cruise.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Radar-/Lidar-/Kamera-Abstandssensor des adaptiven Tempomaten. Bei Systemen mit Einzelsensor oder drei Sensoren mit Mittelsensor bezieht sich dieser Code auf die Mittelsensorik — ohne sie wird die ACC-Abstandsregelung deaktiviert, das System fällt auf den klassischen Tempomaten zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "acc_radar_sensor",
        "acc_camera_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dirty_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dirty sensor surface (radar emblem / camera lens)",
            "de": "Verschmutzte Sensorfläche (Radar-Emblem / Kameralinse)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "misaligned_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor misaligned after a frontal impact",
            "de": "Sensor nach Frontstoß dejustiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_module",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed sensor module",
            "de": "Defektes Sensormodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2584",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Additive Control Module Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Additiv-Steuermodul fordert MIL-Aktivierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel additive control module — typical for diesel cars with a separate Eolys/Cerine additive tank that aids DPF regeneration — has requested the ECM to illuminate the MIL because of an emissions-relevant fault on its side. The original fault is in the additive module itself.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoff-Additiv-Steuermodul — typisch bei Dieseln mit eigenem Eolys-/Cerine-Additivtank zur DPF-Regenerationsunterstützung — hat die Motorsteuerung aufgefordert, die MIL einzuschalten, weil ein abgasrelevanter Fehler auf seiner Seite vorliegt. Der eigentliche Fehler ist im Additivmodul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_additive_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "additive_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal fault in the fuel additive module — read its DTCs",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Additivmodul — dessen Fehlerspeicher auslesen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2585",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Additive Control Module Warning Lamp Request",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Additiv-Steuermodul Warnlampen-Anforderung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel additive control module asks for the additive-low warning lamp to be illuminated — the additive tank (Eolys/Cerine, used to lower DPF regen temperature) is approaching empty or has reached a service threshold. Continued driving without refilling will eventually disable DPF regeneration.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoff-Additiv-Steuermodul fordert die Anzeige der Additiv-Warnlampe — der Additivtank (Eolys/Cerine, senkt die DPF-Regen-Temperatur) nähert sich der Reserve oder einer Servicegrenze. Wird nicht nachgefüllt, scheitert irgendwann die DPF-Regeneration."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_additive_tank"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "additive_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Additive tank low — service refill required",
            "de": "Additivtank niedrig — Service-Nachfüllung erforderlich"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2584"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2586",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the turbocharger boost control position sensor B — second position sensor on the same actuator (redundant Hall) or on a second turbo (twin-turbo, sequential or two-stage). With B invalid the ECM cannot cross-check actuator A and falls back to limited boost control.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Turbolader-Ladedruck-Positionssensor B — zweiter Positionssensor am selben Aktor (redundanter Hall) oder am zweiten Turbo (Twin-Turbo, sequentiell oder zweistufig). Bei ungültigem B kann die Motorsteuerung A nicht kreuzprüfen und greift auf eine begrenzte Ladedruckregelung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring to the position sensor",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Positionssensor offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed Hall element",
            "de": "Defektes Hall-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2587",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor B is electrically intact, but the reading does not track sensor A or the actuator-command model. Often a misaligned redundant sensor or aged element on a second turbo.",
        "de": "Positionssensor B ist elektrisch in Ordnung, der Wert folgt aber nicht Sensor A oder dem Aktor-Steuerungsmodell. Häufig ein dejustierter redundanter Sensor oder gealtertes Element am zweiten Turbo."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_b",
        "turbocharger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "misalignment",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting misaligned after service",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung nach Service dejustiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "aged_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged Hall element",
            "de": "Gealtertes Hall-Element"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2586"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2588",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor B signal voltage below the lower limit — short to ground or open reference.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Positionssensors B unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Masseschluss oder offene Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2586"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2589",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor B signal voltage above the upper limit — short to reference voltage or open signal return.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Positionssensors B über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2586"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P258A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Pump Control Circuit A/Open",
        "de": "Vakuumpumpe Steuerkreis A offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit driving the electric vacuum pump (used to maintain brake-booster vacuum on direct-injection or hybrid powertrains where the engine is not always running) is open. The ECM cannot run the pump on demand — booster vacuum drops, pedal feel hardens, brake assist may be reduced.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der elektrischen Vakuumpumpe (versorgt den Bremskraftverstärker bei Direkteinspritzern oder Hybriden, deren Motor nicht ständig läuft) ist unterbrochen. Die Motorsteuerung kann die Pumpe nicht bedarfsgerecht starten — der BKV-Unterdruck fällt, das Pedal wird hart, die Bremsunterstützung kann verringert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_pump",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open control wire to the pump",
            "de": "Steuerleitung zur Pumpe unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_driver",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed driver in the control module",
            "de": "Defekte Endstufe im Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P258B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Pump Control Circuit A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Vakuumpumpe Steuerkreis A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vacuum pump control circuit is electrically intact, but the pump response does not match the model — pump runs longer than expected to reach setpoint, current draw rises (mechanically tight) or vacuum does not build at all. Aged motor brushes, dry vanes or a leaking line are typical causes.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch die Pumpenreaktion passt nicht zum Modell — die Pumpe läuft länger als erwartet, um den Sollwert zu erreichen, der Strom steigt (mechanisch schwergängig) oder es baut sich kein Unterdruck auf. Gealterte Motorbürsten, trockene Flügel oder eine undichte Leitung sind typische Ursachen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_pump",
        "vacuum_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aged_motor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged motor brushes or dry vanes",
            "de": "Gealterte Motorbürsten oder trockene Flügel"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "leaking_line",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaking vacuum line",
            "de": "Undichte Unterdruckleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P258A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P258C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Pump Control Circuit A Low",
        "de": "Vakuumpumpe Steuerkreis A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric vacuum pump control circuit reads stuck low — short to ground or low-side driver stuck on. The pump may run continuously, drawing current and overheating, until the ECM disables the channel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der elektrischen Vakuumpumpe liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder hängender Low-Side-Treiber. Die Pumpe läuft ggf. dauernd, zieht Strom und überhitzt, bis die Motorsteuerung den Kanal abschaltet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_pump",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P258A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P258D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Pump Control Circuit A High",
        "de": "Vakuumpumpe Steuerkreis A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vacuum pump control circuit reads stuck high — short to battery voltage or open coil/return. The driver cannot pull the line low to start the pump.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Spule/Rückleitung. Der Treiber kann die Leitung nicht auf Low ziehen, um die Pumpe zu starten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_pump",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_motor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Pumpenwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P258A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P258E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Enable Switch Performance",
        "de": "PTO Freigabeschalter Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The PTO enable switch is electrically intact but its state does not match operating conditions — for example asserted while the vehicle is rolling above the PTO speed limit, or asserted/de-asserted in fast succession. The ECM rejects the request to avoid unsafe PTO engagement.",
        "de": "Der PTO-Freigabeschalter ist elektrisch in Ordnung, sein Zustand passt aber nicht zum Betriebszustand — z.B. aktiv, während das Fahrzeug oberhalb der PTO-Drehzahlgrenze rollt, oder schnelles Wechseln. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft die Anforderung, um unsichere PTO-Aktivierung zu vermeiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_enable_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_bounce",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact bounce",
            "de": "Schalter-Kontaktprellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "misuse",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch operated while vehicle is moving",
            "de": "Schalter während der Fahrt betätigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P251A"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P258F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Request Output Signal",
        "de": "Drehmoment-Management Anforderungs-Ausgangssignal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM/PCM produces a torque-management output signal for downstream consumers (TCM during shifts, hybrid module, transfer case) and detects a fault on this output — open, short, or feedback voltage outside expected range. Without it, downstream modules cannot synchronise their behaviour with the engine.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erzeugt ein Drehmoment-Management-Ausgangssignal für nachgelagerte Verbraucher (Getriebesteuerung beim Schalten, Hybrid-Modul, Verteilergetriebe) und erkennt einen Fehler — Unterbrechung, Kurzschluss oder Rückmeldungsspannung außerhalb des Bereichs. Ohne es können die anderen Module ihr Verhalten nicht mit dem Motor synchronisieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_management_output"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted output line",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_consumer",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream consumer not loading the line",
            "de": "Nachgelagerter Verbraucher belastet die Leitung nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2590",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor B Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor B signal jumps or drops out — vibration on the actuator, oil mist contamination or chafed wiring near the hot turbo.",
        "de": "Signal des Positionssensors B springt oder fällt aus — Vibration am Aktor, Ölnebel-Verschmutzung oder aufgescheuerte Leitungen am heißen Turbo."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vibration_chafing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vibration-induced chafing of the harness",
            "de": "Vibrationsbedingtes Aufscheuern des Kabelbaums"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_mist",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil mist on the sensor",
            "de": "Ölnebel am Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2586"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2591",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Front Distance Range Sensor Left",
        "de": "Tempomat Frontabstands-Sensor links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault on the left-side front distance-range sensor used by adaptive cruise. Multi-sensor radar arrays use left/center/right sensors for wider field-of-view and lane discrimination — without left, ACC may degrade to single-target tracking.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am linken Frontabstands-Sensor des adaptiven Tempomaten. Multi-Sensor-Radaranlagen nutzen Sensoren links/Mitte/rechts für breiteres Sichtfeld und Spurerkennung — ohne links degradiert ACC zur Einziel-Verfolgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "acc_radar_sensor_left"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dirty_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dirty sensor surface",
            "de": "Verschmutzte Sensorfläche"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "misaligned_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor misaligned after a frontal impact",
            "de": "Sensor nach Frontstoß dejustiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2583"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2592",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cruise Control Front Distance Range Sensor Right",
        "de": "Tempomat Frontabstands-Sensor rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General fault on the right-side front distance-range sensor used by adaptive cruise. Same role as the left sensor but covering the right field-of-view.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am rechten Frontabstands-Sensor des adaptiven Tempomaten. Funktion wie der linke Sensor, deckt aber das rechte Sichtfeld ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "acc_radar_sensor_right"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dirty_sensor",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dirty sensor surface",
            "de": "Verschmutzte Sensorfläche"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "misaligned_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor misaligned after a frontal impact",
            "de": "Sensor nach Frontstoß dejustiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2583",
        "P2591"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2593",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Speed Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the second turbocharger speed sensor B — used on twin-turbo, sequential or two-stage installations to read the second compressor shaft speed. Same role as sensor A on the second turbo.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am zweiten Turbolader-Drehzahlsensor B — bei Twin-Turbo, sequentiellen oder zweistufigen Anlagen, der die Drehzahl der zweiten Verdichterwelle erfasst. Funktion wie Sensor A am zweiten Turbo."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring",
            "de": "Verkabelung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2594",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Speed Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo speed sensor B is electrically intact, but the speed reading does not match the boost or air-mass model — same failure mode as sensor A performance fault, applied to the second turbo.",
        "de": "Turbo-Drehzahlsensor B ist elektrisch in Ordnung, doch die Drehzahl passt nicht zum Ladedruck- oder Luftmassen-Modell — derselbe Fehlermodus wie Sensor A am zweiten Turbo."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_b",
        "turbocharger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contaminated_tip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil-contaminated sensor tip",
            "de": "Ölverschmutzter Sensorkopf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2593"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2595",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Speed Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo speed sensor B signal voltage below the lower limit — short to ground or open supply.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Turbo-Drehzahlsensors B unter dem unteren Grenzwert — Masseschluss oder offene Versorgung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2593"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2596",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Speed Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo speed sensor B signal voltage above the upper limit — short to reference voltage or open signal return.",
        "de": "Signalspannung des Turbo-Drehzahlsensors B über dem oberen Grenzwert — Kurzschluss gegen Referenzspannung oder offene Signalmasse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to reference voltage",
            "de": "Signalleitung gegen Referenzspannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2593"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2597",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Speed Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Turbolader-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis aussetzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Turbo speed sensor B signal jumps or drops out — vibration, oil mist or chafed wiring at the second turbo.",
        "de": "Signal des Turbo-Drehzahlsensors B springt oder fällt aus — Vibration, Ölnebel oder aufgescheuerte Leitungen am zweiten Turbo."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_b",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_mist",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil mist on the sensor tip",
            "de": "Ölnebel am Sensorkopf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.6,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2593"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2598",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor A Performance - Stuck Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor A Leistung niedrig festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor A reports a value stuck near the low end of its travel even when the actuator is commanded to move. Either the actuator is mechanically stuck closed (wastegate jammed shut, VGT vanes seized at minimum opening) or the sensor itself is pegged low. Boost is uncontrolled — overboost on diesels with VGT, underboost on wastegate-stuck systems.",
        "de": "Positionssensor A meldet einen Wert nahe dem unteren Anschlag, obwohl der Aktor zum Verfahren angesteuert wird. Entweder ist der Aktor mechanisch geschlossen festgesteckt (Wastegate verkeilt, VTG-Schaufeln im Minimum festgefahren) oder der Sensor selbst hängt niedrig. Der Ladedruck ist nicht geregelt — Diesel mit VTG bekommen Überdruck, Wastegate-festgesteckt führt zu Unterdruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_a",
        "turbo_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_actuator",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically stuck near low end",
            "de": "Aktor mechanisch nahe unterem Anschlag fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_pegged_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor pegged low",
            "de": "Sensor am unteren Anschlag"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2562"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-geometry_turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2599",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor A Performance - Stuck High",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor A Leistung hoch festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor A reports a value stuck near the high end of its travel — actuator stuck open (wastegate held wide open, VGT vanes seized at maximum opening) or sensor pegged high. Boost suffers — typically underboost on VGT, overboost-protection-off on wastegate.",
        "de": "Positionssensor A meldet einen Wert nahe dem oberen Anschlag — Aktor offen festgesteckt (Wastegate weit offen, VTG-Schaufeln im Maximum) oder Sensor hängt hoch. Der Ladedruck leidet — typisch Unterdruck bei VTG, fehlende Überdrucksicherung beim Wastegate."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_a",
        "turbo_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_actuator",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically stuck near high end",
            "de": "Aktor mechanisch nahe oberem Anschlag fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2562",
        "P2598"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-geometry_turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P259A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor B Performance - Stuck Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor B Leistung niedrig festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as the A-side stuck-low fault, but on the second sensor / second turbo. Position sensor B reads stuck near the low end while the actuator is commanded.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie der A-seitige Stuck-Low-Fehler, aber am zweiten Sensor / zweiten Turbo. Positionssensor B liegt nahe dem unteren Anschlag, während der Aktor angesteuert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_b",
        "turbo_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_actuator",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically stuck near low end",
            "de": "Aktor mechanisch nahe unterem Anschlag fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2586",
        "P2598"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-geometry_turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P259B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Boost Control Position Sensor B Performance - Stuck High",
        "de": "Turbolader Ladedruck-Positionssensor B Leistung hoch festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as the A-side stuck-high fault, applied to sensor B / turbo B.",
        "de": "Wie der A-seitige Stuck-High-Fehler, am Sensor B / Turbo B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_position_sensor_b",
        "turbo_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_actuator",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically stuck near high end",
            "de": "Aktor mechanisch nahe oberem Anschlag fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2586",
        "P2599"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-geometry_turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P259C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time To Enter Closed Loop Turbocharger A Boost Control",
        "de": "Übermäßige Zeit bis zur geschlossenen Regelung Turbolader A Ladedruck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After start-up the boost-control loop on turbo A takes longer than the calibration limit to transition from open-loop to closed-loop control. Typically a slow-warming actuator (VGT vanes carbonised), a sluggish position sensor or a leaky pneumatic actuator that cannot follow setpoints quickly enough.",
        "de": "Nach dem Start braucht der Ladedruck-Regelkreis am Turbo A länger als kalibriert, um vom offenen in den geschlossenen Regelkreis zu wechseln. Typisch ein langsam reagierender Aktor (VTG-Schaufeln verkokt), ein träger Positionssensor oder ein undichter pneumatischer Aktor, der den Sollwerten nicht schnell genug folgt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "carbonised_vanes",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbonised VGT vanes",
            "de": "Verkokte VTG-Schaufeln"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "leaky_actuator",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leaky pneumatic actuator",
            "de": "Undichter pneumatischer Aktor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-geometry_turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P259D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time To Enter Closed Loop Turbocharger B Boost Control",
        "de": "Übermäßige Zeit bis zur geschlossenen Regelung Turbolader B Ladedruck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as the turbo A excessive-warm-up fault, applied to the second turbo.",
        "de": "Derselbe Fehlermodus wie beim Turbo A, am zweiten Turbo."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "carbonised_vanes",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbonised VGT vanes",
            "de": "Verkokte VTG-Schaufeln"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P259C"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-geometry_turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P259E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger A Boost Control Position At Low Limit",
        "de": "Turbolader A Ladedruck-Steuerposition am unteren Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The boost-control actuator on turbo A has been operating at the low end of its travel for too long — the closed-loop controller is saturated against the lower stop trying to reach the boost setpoint. Indicates either a leak (wastegate held closed but boost still escapes) or commanded boost above what the engine can produce.",
        "de": "Der Ladedruck-Aktor an Turbo A arbeitet zu lange am unteren Anschlag — der Regler ist gegen die untere Begrenzung gesättigt, um den Sollwert zu erreichen. Hinweis auf eine Leckage (Wastegate geschlossen gehalten, Ladedruck entweicht trotzdem) oder einen Sollwert oberhalb der Motorkapazität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_a",
        "boost_control_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "boost_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost leak in the charge-air path",
            "de": "Leckage im Ladeluftpfad"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failing_turbo",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failing turbocharger that cannot produce target boost",
            "de": "Defekter Turbolader, der den Soll-Ladedruck nicht aufbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P259F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger A Boost Control Position At High Limit",
        "de": "Turbolader A Ladedruck-Steuerposition am oberen Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The boost-control actuator on turbo A has been operating at the high end of its travel — the controller is saturated against the upper stop trying to bleed off boost. Indicates either a wastegate stuck closed, oversized turbo for the calibration, or commanded boost limits being exceeded by ambient conditions (cold dense air).",
        "de": "Der Ladedruck-Aktor an Turbo A arbeitet zu lange am oberen Anschlag — der Regler ist gegen den oberen Endpunkt gesättigt, um Ladedruck abzubauen. Hinweis auf festgestecktes Wastegate, überdimensionierten Turbo für die Kalibrierung oder Sollwert-Überschreitung durch Umgebungsbedingungen (kalte, dichte Luft)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_a",
        "wastegate"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_wastegate",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate stuck closed",
            "de": "Wastegate geschlossen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P259E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger B Boost Control Position At Low Limit",
        "de": "Turbolader B Ladedruck-Steuerposition am unteren Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as the turbo A low-limit saturation, applied to the second turbo.",
        "de": "Derselbe Sättigungs-Zustand wie bei Turbo A, am zweiten Turbo."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "boost_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost leak in the charge-air path",
            "de": "Leckage im Ladeluftpfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P259E"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger B Boost Control Position At High Limit",
        "de": "Turbolader B Ladedruck-Steuerposition am oberen Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as the turbo A high-limit saturation, applied to the second turbo.",
        "de": "Derselbe Sättigungs-Zustand wie bei Turbo A, am zweiten Turbo."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_actuator_b",
        "wastegate"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_wastegate",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate stuck closed",
            "de": "Wastegate geschlossen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P259F",
        "P25A0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake System Control Module A Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Bremssystem-Steuermodul A fordert MIL-Aktivierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The primary brake system control module (ABS/ESC/iBooster) has requested the ECM to illuminate the MIL because of an emissions-relevant fault on its side — for example a regenerative braking fault on a hybrid that affects driveline torque flow. The original fault is in the brake module.",
        "de": "Das primäre Bremssystem-Steuermodul (ABS/ESC/iBooster) hat die Motorsteuerung aufgefordert, die MIL einzuschalten, weil ein abgasrelevanter Fehler auf seiner Seite vorliegt — z.B. ein Rekuperations-Fehler im Hybrid, der den Drehmomentfluss beeinflusst. Der eigentliche Fehler ist im Bremsmodul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_control_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal fault in the brake module — read its DTCs",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Bremsmodul — dessen Fehlerspeicher auslesen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25A3",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Hood Open",
        "de": "Motorhaube offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After plausibility checks the body controller has concluded that the engine hood is genuinely open while the vehicle is operating. Used to suspend HV operation on hybrids/EVs (HV interlock), block remote engine start, and trigger the alarm if armed.",
        "de": "Nach Plausibilitätsprüfungen schließt das Karosseriemodul, dass die Motorhaube tatsächlich offen ist, während das Fahrzeug betrieben wird. Wird genutzt, um HV-Betrieb in Hybriden/EVs zu sperren (HV-Verriegelung), Remote-Start zu blockieren und ggf. den Alarm auszulösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hood_latch",
        "hood_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hood_unlatched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hood not properly latched",
            "de": "Haube nicht richtig verriegelt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failed_latch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed hood latch sensor",
            "de": "Defekter Haubenverriegelungssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_anti-theft_system",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Mode Select Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Modus Wahlschalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the fuel mode select switch — used on bi-fuel vehicles (CNG/LPG/H2/gasoline) so the driver can pick the active fuel. With the input invalid, the ECM falls back to the default fuel and disables operator-selectable switching.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Kraftstoff-Modus-Wahlschalter — bei bivalenten Fahrzeugen (CNG/LPG/H2/Benzin) wählt der Fahrer damit den aktiven Kraftstoff. Bei ungültigem Eingang nutzt die Motorsteuerung den Default und deaktiviert die Bediener-Wahl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted switch wire",
            "de": "Schalterleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Mode Select Switch Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Modus Wahlschalter Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel mode select switch is electrically intact, but its state does not match operating conditions — switched to gas while gas tank is empty, or fast toggling. The ECM rejects the request to avoid stalling.",
        "de": "Der Wahlschalter ist elektrisch in Ordnung, sein Zustand passt aber nicht zu den Betriebsbedingungen — auf Gas geschaltet bei leerem Gastank oder schnelles Toggeln. Die Motorsteuerung verwirft die Anforderung, um Liegenbleiber zu vermeiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_bounce",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contact bounce",
            "de": "Schalter-Kontaktprellen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25A4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Mode Select Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Modus Wahlschalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel mode switch input reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-closed contact.",
        "de": "Eingang des Kraftstoff-Modus-Schalters liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25A4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Mode Select Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Modus Wahlschalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel mode switch input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage.",
        "de": "Eingang des Kraftstoff-Modus-Schalters liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25A4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Mode Select Switch Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Modus Wahlschalter Stromkreis aussetzend/sprunghaft"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel mode switch signal jumps or drops out — worn contact or vibration.",
        "de": "Signal des Kraftstoff-Modus-Schalters springt oder fällt aus — verschlissener Kontakt oder Vibration."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "worn_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn switch contact",
            "de": "Verschlissener Schalterkontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25A4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Piston Cooling Oil Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kolbenkühlung Ölsteuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The piston-cooling oil-jet control circuit is open. Modern engines with under-piston oil jets switch them on under high load to cool the piston crown — controlled by a solenoid valve in the oil gallery. With the circuit broken, jets cannot be commanded on or stay locked off, raising piston temperatures under load.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Kolbenkühlölspritzen ist unterbrochen. Moderne Motoren mit Spritzöldüsen schalten diese unter hoher Last zu, um den Kolbenboden zu kühlen — gesteuert über ein Magnetventil in der Ölgalerie. Bei unterbrochenem Kreis lassen sich die Düsen nicht zuschalten oder bleiben gesperrt, die Kolbentemperatur steigt unter Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "piston_cooling_solenoid",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open control wire to the solenoid",
            "de": "Steuerleitung zum Magnetventil unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_coil",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Magnetventil-Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_jet",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Piston Cooling Oil Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kolbenkühlung Ölsteuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The piston-cooling oil-jet control circuit reads stuck low — short to ground or low-side driver stuck on. The jets may be enabled continuously, raising oil pump load and lowering oil pressure to other consumers.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder hängender Low-Side-Treiber. Die Spritzdüsen sind ggf. dauernd zugeschaltet, was die Ölpumpenlast erhöht und den Druck für andere Verbraucher senkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "piston_cooling_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_jet",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Piston Cooling Oil Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kolbenkühlung Ölsteuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Control circuit stuck high — short to battery voltage or open coil/return.",
        "de": "Steuerkreis dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung oder offene Spule/Rückleitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "piston_cooling_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_jet",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Piston Cooling Oil Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Kolbenkühlung Ölsteuerkreis Leistung/aus festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit is electrically intact, but the solenoid valve does not open when commanded — confirmed by oil-pressure or oil-temperature feedback that does not change after the activation pulse. Piston cooling does not engage under high load — risk of piston-crown overheating and ring-land cracks.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis ist elektrisch in Ordnung, das Magnetventil öffnet aber bei Anforderung nicht — bestätigt durch Öldruck- oder Öltemperatur-Rückmeldung, die sich nach dem Aktivierungspuls nicht ändert. Die Kolbenkühlung greift unter Last nicht — Gefahr von Kolbenboden-Überhitzung und Ringland-Rissen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "piston_cooling_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_off_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck closed by oil sludge",
            "de": "Magnetventil durch Ölschlamm geschlossen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_jet",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Piston Cooling Oil Control Circuit Stuck On",
        "de": "Kolbenkühlung Ölsteuerkreis aktiv festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The piston cooling solenoid does not close when commanded off — jets remain active when not needed. Oil pressure to top-end consumers may sag, and warm-up takes longer because the cooling jets remove heat from the pistons during cold start.",
        "de": "Das Magnetventil schließt bei Aus-Befehl nicht — die Spritzdüsen bleiben aktiv, auch wenn sie nicht gebraucht werden. Der Öldruck zu Verbrauchern oben kann einbrechen, und der Warmlauf zieht sich, weil die Spritzdüsen die Kolben kühlen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "piston_cooling_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_open_solenoid",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck open",
            "de": "Magnetventil offen festgesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_jet",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Piston Cooling Oil Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Kolbenkühlung Öldruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "With the piston-cooling jets commanded on, the dedicated oil-pressure sensor in that gallery reads below the safe threshold. Insufficient flow to the jets means real piston cooling is not happening — the ECM warns the driver and may reduce torque to protect the pistons.",
        "de": "Bei zugeschalteten Spritzdüsen liegt der Öldruck im zugehörigen Galerieabschnitt unter dem Sicherheitsschwellwert. Unzureichender Durchfluss zu den Düsen bedeutet, dass keine echte Kolbenkühlung stattfindet — das Steuergerät warnt den Fahrer und reduziert ggf. das Drehmoment zum Schutz der Kolben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pump",
        "oil_gallery",
        "piston_cooling_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_oil_level",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low engine oil level",
            "de": "Niedriger Motorölstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clogged_gallery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sludge-clogged oil gallery",
            "de": "Ölschlamm-verstopfte Galerie"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "worn_oil_pump",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn oil pump",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ölpumpe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25A9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_jet",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Temperature Control Module Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur-Steuermodul fordert MIL-Aktivierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A dedicated coolant-temperature control module (used on engines with electric coolant pumps and electronic thermostats to keep the cylinder head and block at independent setpoints) has requested the ECM to illuminate the MIL because of an emissions-relevant fault on its side. Original fault is in that module.",
        "de": "Ein eigenes Kühlmitteltemperatur-Steuermodul (bei Motoren mit elektrischer Kühlmittelpumpe und elektronischem Thermostat, das Kopf und Block unabhängig regelt) hat die Motorsteuerung aufgefordert, die MIL einzuschalten, weil ein abgasrelevanter Fehler vorliegt. Der eigentliche Fehler ist in diesem Modul."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_temp_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal fault — read the module DTCs",
            "de": "Interner Fehler — Modul-Fehlerspeicher auslesen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor A Stuck",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Füllstandssensor A festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel level sensor A (typically the float in the main fuel tank section) reports a value that does not change over a long driving distance — the float is mechanically stuck against the tank wall, baffle or pump module. Without level changes the EVAP monitor cannot run and remaining-range estimates are wrong.",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Füllstandssensor A (meist der Schwimmer im Haupttankbereich) meldet einen Wert, der sich über eine lange Fahrstrecke nicht ändert — der Schwimmer hängt mechanisch an der Tankwand, einem Schwall-Schott oder am Pumpenmodul. Ohne Pegeländerung kann der EVAP-Monitor nicht laufen, und die Reichweite stimmt nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_float",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck float",
            "de": "Klemmender Schwimmer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bent_arm",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bent float arm catching the tank wall",
            "de": "Verbogener Schwimmerarm an der Tankwand verhakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor B Stuck",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Füllstandssensor B festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same condition as sensor A stuck, applied to the second fuel level sensor B. Saddle tanks (often AWD vehicles) and large trucks use two sensors — one per tank chamber — averaged for total level. A stuck B leaves only A and reduces accuracy.",
        "de": "Derselbe Zustand wie bei Sensor A, am zweiten Füllstandssensor B. Sattel-Tanks (oft AWD) und Lkw nutzen zwei Sensoren — einen pro Kammer — und mitteln den Gesamtpegel. Ein festgesteckter B lässt nur A übrig, die Genauigkeit sinkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_float",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck float",
            "de": "Klemmender Schwimmer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25B0"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor A or B Stuck",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Füllstandssensor A oder B festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that one of the two level sensors is stuck but cannot identify which from the available signals — for example because the saddle-tank algorithm sees implausible delta only intermittently. Both sensors should be inspected.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt, dass einer der beiden Füllstandssensoren festsitzt, kann aber aus den vorhandenen Signalen nicht eindeutig bestimmen welcher — etwa weil der Sattel-Tank-Algorithmus die unplausible Differenz nur sporadisch sieht. Beide Sensoren prüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_a",
        "fuel_level_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stuck_float",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One stuck float — inspect both",
            "de": "Ein klemmender Schwimmer — beide prüfen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25B0",
        "P25B1"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate A Stuck Open",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate A offen festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wastegate A is mechanically stuck open. Exhaust gas bypasses the turbine even at low load — turbo cannot reach target speed, boost is permanently low and the engine feels asthmatic. Common causes are seized linkage, broken return spring or carbon-locked wastegate flap.",
        "de": "Wastegate A ist mechanisch offen festgesteckt. Abgas umgeht die Turbine schon bei niedriger Last — der Turbo erreicht die Solldrehzahl nicht, der Ladedruck bleibt dauerhaft niedrig, der Motor fühlt sich asthmatisch an. Häufige Ursachen sind festsitzendes Gestänge, gebrochene Rückholfeder oder rußverklemmte Klappe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_a",
        "turbocharger_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seized_linkage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seized wastegate linkage",
            "de": "Festsitzendes Wastegate-Gestänge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "broken_spring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken return spring",
            "de": "Gebrochene Rückholfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate A Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate A geschlossen festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wastegate A is mechanically stuck closed. The turbo cannot bleed off exhaust at high load — boost overshoots the setpoint, risking overboost cut-off and damage to the turbo bearing. Carbon-locked flap, seized linkage or aged actuator are typical causes.",
        "de": "Wastegate A ist mechanisch geschlossen festgesteckt. Der Turbo kann unter Volllast kein Abgas abführen — der Ladedruck überschießt, mit Risiko der Überdruckabschaltung und Lagerschaden am Turbo. Rußverklemmte Klappe, festsitzendes Gestänge oder gealterter Aktor sind typische Ursachen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_a",
        "turbocharger_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "carbon_locked_flap",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon-locked wastegate flap",
            "de": "Rußverklemmte Wastegate-Klappe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seized_linkage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seized linkage",
            "de": "Festsitzendes Gestänge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate B Stuck Open",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate B offen festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as wastegate A stuck open, applied to the second wastegate (twin-turbo, sequential or two-stage).",
        "de": "Wie Wastegate A offen festgesteckt, am zweiten Wastegate (Twin-Turbo, sequentiell oder zweistufig)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_b",
        "turbocharger_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seized_linkage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seized wastegate linkage",
            "de": "Festsitzendes Wastegate-Gestänge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25B3"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate B Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate B geschlossen festgesteckt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Same as wastegate A stuck closed, applied to the second wastegate.",
        "de": "Wie Wastegate A geschlossen festgesteckt, am zweiten Wastegate."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_b",
        "turbocharger_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "carbon_locked_flap",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon-locked wastegate flap",
            "de": "Rußverklemmte Wastegate-Klappe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25B4"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Ignition Switch On/Start Position Circuit",
        "de": "Hilfs-Zündschalter On/Start-Position Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "General electrical fault on the auxiliary ignition switch On/Start input. Used on commercial vehicles or upfit applications where a second ignition switch (in a sleeper cab, work platform or crew compartment) can crank the engine.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Eingang des Hilfs-Zündschalters On/Start. Wird bei Nutzfahrzeugen oder Auf-/Ausbauten genutzt, bei denen ein zweiter Zündschalter (in der Schlafkabine, Arbeitsbühne oder Crew-Kabine) den Motor starten kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auxiliary_ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_or_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wire",
            "de": "Leitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Ignition Switch On/Start Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hilfs-Zündschalter On/Start-Position Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Auxiliary ignition switch On/Start input reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-closed contact.",
        "de": "Eingang des Hilfs-Zündschalters liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auxiliary_ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25B7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Ignition Switch On/Start Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Hilfs-Zündschalter On/Start-Position Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Auxiliary ignition switch On/Start input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage.",
        "de": "Eingang des Hilfs-Zündschalters liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auxiliary_ignition_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25B7"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_switch",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Regeneration Control Switch Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Regenerations-Steuerschalter Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF/SCR forced-regeneration request switch — used on commercial vehicles to let the operator force a parked regeneration when the automatic regen has been postponed too often — is open. The ECM cannot honour an operator request for forced regen.",
        "de": "Der DPF-/SCR-Anforderungsschalter für eine erzwungene Regeneration — bei Nutzfahrzeugen üblich, damit der Bediener nach zu oft verschobener Auto-Regen eine geparkte Regeneration anstoßen kann — ist unterbrochen. Die Motorsteuerung kann eine Bediener-Anforderung nicht umsetzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "regen_request_switch",
        "vehicle_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wire",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open switch wire",
            "de": "Schalterleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Regeneration Control Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Regenerations-Steuerschalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Regeneration control switch input reads stuck low — short to ground or stuck-closed contact. The ECM may see a constant regen request which it cannot service while the vehicle is moving.",
        "de": "Eingang des Regenerations-Schalters liegt dauerhaft niedrig — Masseschluss oder dauerhaft geschlossener Kontakt. Die Motorsteuerung sieht ggf. eine ständige Regen-Anforderung, die sie während der Fahrt nicht ausführen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "regen_request_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25BA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Regeneration Control Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Regenerations-Steuerschalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Regeneration control switch input reads stuck high — short to battery voltage.",
        "de": "Eingang des Regenerations-Schalters liegt dauerhaft hoch — Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "regen_request_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "Schalterleitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P25BA"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter",
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unmetered Fuel - Forced Engine Shutdown",
        "de": "Nicht erfasster Kraftstoff - Erzwungene Motorabschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine controller commanded a forced shutdown after detecting unmetered fuel reaching the combustion chambers. Common on diesels with leaking turbo seals or cracked intercoolers that drip oil into the intake — the engine then runs on the oil and can overspeed.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät hat eine erzwungene Motorabschaltung ausgelöst, nachdem unkontrollierter Kraftstoff in die Brennräume gelangt ist. Tritt bei Dieseln mit undichten Turbolader-Dichtungen oder gerissenen Ladeluftkühlern auf, die Öl in den Ansaugtrakt verlieren — der Motor läuft mit dem Öl und kann durchgehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_seals",
        "intercooler",
        "intake_manifold",
        "air_shutoff_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbo_seal_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Turbocharger oil seal leak feeds engine oil into the intake",
            "de": "Defekte Turbolader-Dichtung lässt Motoröl in den Ansaugtrakt gelangen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "intercooler_oil_pooling",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil collected in the intercooler is sucked into the engine on load",
            "de": "Im Ladeluftkühler gesammeltes Öl wird unter Last angesaugt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "crankcase_breather_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed PCV / crankcase breather floods intake with oil mist",
            "de": "Defekte Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung schickt Ölnebel in den Ansaugtrakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine_runaway"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Disable Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrsignal Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the alternative-fuel disable line that switches a bi-fuel vehicle (CNG, LPG, hydrogen) back to gasoline. An open detected on the control side blocks the safety shutoff for the gas system.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrkreis nicht ansteuern, der ein Bi-Fuel-Fahrzeug (CNG, LPG, Wasserstoff) auf Benzin zurückschaltet. Eine Unterbrechung auf der Steuerseite verhindert die Sicherheitsabschaltung der Gas-Anlage."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_control_module",
        "alt_fuel_disable_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken wire or corroded connector on the disable control line",
            "de": "Gebrochener Draht oder korrodierter Stecker an der Sperrleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in the alt-fuel disable relay",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrrelais"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "control_module_driver",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver in the alt-fuel control module faulty",
            "de": "Endstufe im Alternativkraftstoff-Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Disable Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrsignal Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the alternative-fuel disable control line is above the expected window. Often a short to battery upstream of the relay or a stuck-on driver in the control module.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrleitung liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Häufig ein Kurzschluss nach Batterie vor dem Relais oder eine festsitzende Endstufe im Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disable control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Sperrleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on inside the control module",
            "de": "Endstufe im Steuergerät bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Disable Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrsignal Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the alternative-fuel disable control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a failed driver pulling the line low.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrleitung liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Üblich sind Masseschluss oder eine defekte Endstufe, die die Leitung dauerhaft auf Masse zieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disable control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sperrleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_low_side_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-side driver internally shorted",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Disable Signal Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrsignal Eingangskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The feedback signal that confirms the alt-fuel disable command was carried out is missing or out of range. The fuel system cannot verify that the gas circuit is shut.",
        "de": "Das Rückmeldesignal zur Bestätigung der Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrung fehlt oder liegt außerhalb des Bereichs. Das Kraftstoffsystem kann nicht prüfen, ob der Gas-Kreis geschlossen ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_control_module",
        "feedback_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open feedback wire between relay and control module",
            "de": "Unterbrechung der Rückmeldeleitung zwischen Relais und Steuergerät"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback contact in the disable relay corroded or stuck",
            "de": "Rückmeldekontakt im Sperrrelais korrodiert oder hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Disable Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrsignal Eingangskreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The disable feedback signal sits above its valid window. Typical cause is a short to battery on the feedback wire or a failed pull-up in the input stage.",
        "de": "Das Sperr-Rückmeldesignal liegt über dem zulässigen Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie auf der Rückmeldeleitung oder ein defekter Pull-up am Eingang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_stage_pullup",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-up resistor in the input stage failed",
            "de": "Pull-up-Widerstand am Eingang defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Disable Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Sperrsignal Eingangskreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The disable feedback signal sits below its valid window. Usually a short to ground or an open pull-up that lets the input float low.",
        "de": "Das Sperr-Rückmeldesignal liegt unter dem zulässigen Bereich. Üblich sind Masseschluss oder eine offene Pull-up-Schaltung, die den Eingang auf Masse fallen lässt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_pullup",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pull-up resistor in the controller input",
            "de": "Offener Pull-up-Widerstand im Steuergerät-Eingang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25C4",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The temperature sensor monitoring the electric brake booster (iBooster, eBooster) returns no usable signal. Without temperature feedback the controller derates booster assist to protect the motor.",
        "de": "Der Temperatursensor des elektrischen Bremskraftverstärkers (iBooster, eBooster) liefert kein nutzbares Signal. Ohne Temperaturrückmeldung reduziert das Steuergerät die Bremsunterstützung zum Schutz des Motors."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_brake_booster",
        "temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element or broken sensor wire",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement oder gebrochene Sensorleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded connector on the booster sensor pigtail",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker am Sensor-Anschlusskabel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_booster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25C5",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The booster temperature sensor reading is implausible relative to commanded assist or coolant temperature. The signal moves too slowly, sticks, or never reaches expected values during operation.",
        "de": "Der Temperaturwert des Bremskraftverstärker-Sensors ist gegenüber angeforderter Unterstützung oder Kühlmitteltemperatur unplausibel. Das Signal reagiert träge, hängt oder erreicht im Betrieb keine erwarteten Werte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_brake_booster",
        "temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift or contamination on the temperature element",
            "de": "Sensordrift oder Verschmutzung am Temperaturfühler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "poor_thermal_contact",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not seated properly against the booster motor housing",
            "de": "Sensor sitzt nicht sauber am Gehäuse des Verstärkermotors"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_booster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25C6",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The booster temperature signal is below the lower diagnostic threshold. Typical causes are a shorted sensor element or a short to ground in the harness.",
        "de": "Das Temperatursignal des Bremskraftverstärkers liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert. Übliche Ursachen sind kurzgeschlossenes Sensorelement oder Masseschluss im Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_brake_booster",
        "temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in the sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Sensor-Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_booster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25C7",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The booster temperature signal is above the upper diagnostic threshold. Common causes are an open sensor or a short to a 5 V reference in the harness.",
        "de": "Das Temperatursignal des Bremskraftverstärkers liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert. Häufige Ursachen sind ein offener Sensor oder Kurzschluss zur 5-V-Referenz im Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_brake_booster",
        "temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Sensor-Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_booster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25C8",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake Booster Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Bremskraftverstärker-Temperatursensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unregelmäßig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The booster temperature signal jumps or drops out for short moments. Usually a loose connector or a chafed wire that opens during vibration or thermal expansion.",
        "de": "Das Temperatursignal springt oder fällt für kurze Momente aus. Meist ein lockerer Stecker oder eine gescheuerte Leitung, die durch Vibration oder Wärmedehnung kurz öffnet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_brake_booster",
        "temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated or pin tension lost",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet oder Pin-Spannung verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against booster housing or pedal bracket",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Verstärkergehäuse oder Pedalträger gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_booster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25C9",
      "category": "chassis",
      "title": {
        "en": "Brake System Control Module B Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Bremssteuergerät B fordert Anzeige der Motorkontrollleuchte"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A second brake system control module (typically the redundant secondary unit on by-wire or AV-grade brake systems) has signalled an emissions-relevant fault and requested the engine controller to switch on the MIL.",
        "de": "Ein zweites Bremssteuergerät (meist die redundante Sekundär-Einheit bei Brake-by-Wire oder AV-tauglichen Bremssystemen) meldet einen abgasrelevanten Fehler und fordert das Motorsteuergerät auf, die MIL einzuschalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_control_module_b",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "secondary_brake_dtc",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Active DTC stored in the secondary brake module",
            "de": "Aktiver Fehlercode im Sekundär-Bremssteuergerät hinterlegt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_message_loss",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication loss interpreted as MIL request",
            "de": "Kommunikationsausfall wird als MIL-Anforderung gewertet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit / Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Einlassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the park-lock pin that secures the intake camshaft phaser on bank 1 in its base position at engine off. Without the lock, the next start can suffer poor combustion or rough idle until the phaser builds oil pressure.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den Verriegelungsstift, der den Einlass-Nockenwellenversteller an Bank 1 beim Motorstopp in Grundposition hält, nicht ansteuern. Ohne Verriegelung kann der nächste Start zu schlechter Verbrennung oder rauem Leerlauf führen, bis der Versteller Öldruck aufbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_cam_phaser_b1",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in the park-lock solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Verriegelungssolenoids"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire between ECU and solenoid",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zwischen Steuergerät und Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Einlassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake camshaft park-lock control line on bank 1 is below the expected voltage window. Usually a short to ground or a low-side driver shorted internally.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Einlass-Parkverriegelung an Bank 1 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung. Meist Masseschluss oder ein intern kurzgeschlossener Low-Side-Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_cam_phaser_b1",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU low-side driver internally shorted",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber im Steuergerät intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Einlassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake camshaft park-lock control line on bank 1 is above the expected voltage window. Typical causes are a short to battery or a stuck-on driver in the controller.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Einlass-Parkverriegelung an Bank 1 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder eine festsitzende Endstufe im Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_cam_phaser_b1",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver stuck on",
            "de": "ECU-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit / Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Einlassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the park-lock pin that secures the intake camshaft phaser on bank 2 in its base position at engine off. Without the lock, the next start can suffer poor combustion or rough idle until the phaser builds oil pressure.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den Verriegelungsstift, der den Einlass-Nockenwellenversteller an Bank 2 beim Motorstopp in Grundposition hält, nicht ansteuern. Ohne Verriegelung kann der nächste Start zu schlechter Verbrennung oder rauem Leerlauf führen, bis der Versteller Öldruck aufbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_cam_phaser_b2",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in the park-lock solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Verriegelungssolenoids"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire between ECU and solenoid",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zwischen Steuergerät und Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Einlassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake camshaft park-lock control line on bank 2 is below the expected voltage window. Usually a short to ground or a low-side driver shorted internally.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Einlass-Parkverriegelung an Bank 2 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung. Meist Masseschluss oder ein intern kurzgeschlossener Low-Side-Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_cam_phaser_b2",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU low-side driver internally shorted",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber im Steuergerät intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Einlassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake camshaft park-lock control line on bank 2 is above the expected voltage window. Typical causes are a short to battery or a stuck-on driver in the controller.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Einlass-Parkverriegelung an Bank 2 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder eine festsitzende Endstufe im Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_cam_phaser_b2",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver stuck on",
            "de": "ECU-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit / Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Auslassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the park-lock pin that secures the exhaust camshaft phaser on bank 1 in its base position at engine off. Without the lock, the next start can suffer poor combustion or rough idle until the phaser builds oil pressure.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den Verriegelungsstift, der den Auslass-Nockenwellenversteller an Bank 1 beim Motorstopp in Grundposition hält, nicht ansteuern. Ohne Verriegelung kann der nächste Start zu schlechter Verbrennung oder rauem Leerlauf führen, bis der Versteller Öldruck aufbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_cam_phaser_b1",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in the park-lock solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Verriegelungssolenoids"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire between ECU and solenoid",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zwischen Steuergerät und Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Auslassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust camshaft park-lock control line on bank 1 is below the expected voltage window. Usually a short to ground or a low-side driver shorted internally.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Auslass-Parkverriegelung an Bank 1 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung. Meist Masseschluss oder ein intern kurzgeschlossener Low-Side-Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_cam_phaser_b1",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU low-side driver internally shorted",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber im Steuergerät intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Auslassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust camshaft park-lock control line on bank 1 is above the expected voltage window. Typical causes are a short to battery or a stuck-on driver in the controller.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Auslass-Parkverriegelung an Bank 1 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder eine festsitzende Endstufe im Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_cam_phaser_b1",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver stuck on",
            "de": "ECU-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit / Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Auslassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the park-lock pin that secures the exhaust camshaft phaser on bank 2 in its base position at engine off. Without the lock, the next start can suffer poor combustion or rough idle until the phaser builds oil pressure.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den Verriegelungsstift, der den Auslass-Nockenwellenversteller an Bank 2 beim Motorstopp in Grundposition hält, nicht ansteuern. Ohne Verriegelung kann der nächste Start zu schlechter Verbrennung oder rauem Leerlauf führen, bis der Versteller Öldruck aufbaut."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_cam_phaser_b2",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in the park-lock solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Verriegelungssolenoids"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire between ECU and solenoid",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zwischen Steuergerät und Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Auslassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust camshaft park-lock control line on bank 2 is below the expected voltage window. Usually a short to ground or a low-side driver shorted internally.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Auslass-Parkverriegelung an Bank 2 liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung. Meist Masseschluss oder ein intern kurzgeschlossener Low-Side-Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_cam_phaser_b2",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU low-side driver internally shorted",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber im Steuergerät intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Camshaft Actuator Park Lock Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Auslassnockenwellen-Aktuator Parkverriegelung Steuerkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust camshaft park-lock control line on bank 2 is above the expected voltage window. Typical causes are a short to battery or a stuck-on driver in the controller.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Auslass-Parkverriegelung an Bank 2 liegt über der erwarteten Spannung. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder eine festsitzende Endstufe im Steuergerät."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_cam_phaser_b2",
        "park_lock_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver stuck on",
            "de": "ECU-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Exhaust Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Stop Performance",
        "de": "Abgaswärmetauscher Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Endanschlag-Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During self-calibration of the exhaust heat exchanger bypass valve A, the position sensor never reached the expected mechanical stop. The controller cannot zero the position reference, so commanded openings will be inaccurate.",
        "de": "Bei der Selbstkalibrierung des Bypass-Ventils A am Abgaswärmetauscher wurde der erwartete mechanische Endanschlag vom Positionssensor nicht erreicht. Das Steuergerät kann den Positionsbezug nicht nullen, geforderte Öffnungswinkel werden ungenau."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_heat_exchanger",
        "bypass_valve_actuator",
        "position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanical_obstruction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Soot or carbon deposits prevent valve from reaching the stop",
            "de": "Ruß- oder Koksablagerungen verhindern den Anschlag"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn linkage between actuator and valve flap",
            "de": "Verschleiß im Gestänge zwischen Aktuator und Klappe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_misalignment",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor not aligned with valve shaft",
            "de": "Positionssensor nicht zur Ventilwelle ausgerichtet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Tankgeber C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A third fuel level sensor (C) used on multi-tank trucks, dual-saddle SUVs, or auxiliary fuel systems returns no usable signal. Without it, calculated fuel level and EVAP monitor enabling will be off.",
        "de": "Ein dritter Tankgeber (C) bei Mehrtank-Lkw, Dual-Saddle-SUVs oder Zusatztanks liefert kein nutzbares Signal. Ohne ihn werden die berechnete Tankfüllung und die Freigabe der EVAP-Diagnose ungenau."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_c",
        "fuel_tank",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sender resistor or broken float",
            "de": "Unterbrochener Geberwiderstand oder gebrochener Schwimmer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded tank pump module connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker am Tankmodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor C Performance",
        "de": "Tankgeber C Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third fuel level sensor reading does not change as expected with consumption or refuelling. Float may be sticking, or the resistor track has localised wear.",
        "de": "Der Wert des dritten Tankgebers ändert sich nicht plausibel mit Verbrauch oder Tankvorgang. Der Schwimmer hängt oder die Widerstandsbahn hat lokale Verschleißstellen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_c",
        "fuel_tank"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "float_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float arm stuck on baffle or fuel pump module",
            "de": "Schwimmerarm hängt an Schwallblech oder Pumpenmodul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "track_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn spot on the resistor track at common fill level",
            "de": "Verschleißstelle der Widerstandsbahn am üblichen Füllstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tankgeber C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third fuel level sensor signal is below the lower diagnostic threshold. Usually a shorted sender or a short to ground in the harness.",
        "de": "Das Signal des dritten Tankgebers liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert. Üblich sind kurzgeschlossener Geber oder Masseschluss im Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in the sender resistor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Geberwiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Tankgeber C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third fuel level sensor signal is above the upper diagnostic threshold. Common causes are an open sender or a short to the 5 V reference.",
        "de": "Das Signal des dritten Tankgebers liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert. Häufige Ursachen sind offener Geber oder Kurzschluss zur 5-V-Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sender resistor",
            "de": "Unterbrochener Geberwiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor C Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Tankgeber C Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third fuel level sensor signal jumps or drops out for short moments. Usually a loose connector or a chafed wire that opens during driving vibration.",
        "de": "Das Signal des dritten Tankgebers springt oder fällt kurz aus. Meist ein lockerer Stecker oder eine gescheuerte Leitung, die durch Fahrtvibration kurz öffnet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tank module connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Stecker am Tankmodul nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed near tank straps",
            "de": "Kabelbaum an den Tankbändern gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor C Stuck",
        "de": "Tankgeber C hängend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third fuel level sensor reads a constant value across known consumption or refuelling events. Float arm or resistor wiper is mechanically stuck.",
        "de": "Der dritte Tankgeber zeigt über Verbrauch oder Tankvorgänge hinweg einen konstanten Wert. Schwimmerarm oder Schleifer ist mechanisch festgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_c",
        "fuel_tank"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "float_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float arm jammed against tank wall, baffle or pump module",
            "de": "Schwimmerarm gegen Tankwand, Schwallblech oder Pumpenmodul verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiper_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Resistor wiper seized by varnish from old fuel",
            "de": "Schleifer durch Lackrückstände aus altem Kraftstoff festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position - Stuck In Locked Position Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position A in Verriegelungsstellung festsitzend Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser A on bank 1 will not unlock from its base position. The phaser stays at the park-lock angle and cannot be advanced or retarded as commanded.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller A an Bank 1 löst sich nicht aus der Grundposition. Der Versteller bleibt am Verriegelungswinkel und folgt der Soll-Verstellung nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b1",
        "park_lock_pin",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lock_pin_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Park-lock pin stuck in the locked groove",
            "de": "Verriegelungsstift im Verriegelungsgrund festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure cannot push the lock pin out",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck kann den Stift nicht ausstoßen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve blocked by debris",
            "de": "Öl-Steuerventil durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position - Unable to Achieve Locked Position Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position A erreicht Verriegelungsstellung nicht Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser A on bank 1 cannot reach its base position at engine shutdown so the lock pin never engages. Next cold start may run rough until oil pressure builds.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller A an Bank 1 erreicht beim Motorstopp nicht die Grundposition, der Verriegelungsstift rastet nicht ein. Der nächste Kaltstart kann unrund laufen, bis Öldruck aufgebaut ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b1",
        "park_lock_pin",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_internal_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn vanes or housing inside the phaser",
            "de": "Verschlissene Flügel oder Gehäuse im Versteller"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sludge or contaminated oil prevents return to base",
            "de": "Schlamm oder verunreinigtes Öl verhindert Rückstellung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve leaks internally",
            "de": "Öl-Steuerventil mit interner Leckage"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Control Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position A Regelung Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser A on bank 1 follows the commanded angle too slowly, oscillates, or shows steady-state error outside tolerance. Closed-loop control of cam timing is degraded.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller A an Bank 1 folgt der Soll-Position zu langsam, schwingt oder zeigt eine stationäre Abweichung außerhalb der Toleranz. Die Regelung der Nockenwellen-Zeit ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b1",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "cam_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_sticky",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve spool sticks under varnish",
            "de": "Schieber des Öl-Steuerventils klemmt unter Lackrückständen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stretched timing chain shifts cam reference",
            "de": "Gelängte Steuerkette verschiebt die Nockenwellen-Referenz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_viscosity",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong oil viscosity slows phaser response",
            "de": "Falsche Ölviskosität verlangsamt den Versteller"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position - Stuck In Locked Position Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position A in Verriegelungsstellung festsitzend Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser A on bank 2 will not unlock from its base position. The phaser stays at the park-lock angle and cannot be advanced or retarded as commanded.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller A an Bank 2 löst sich nicht aus der Grundposition. Der Versteller bleibt am Verriegelungswinkel und folgt der Soll-Verstellung nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b2",
        "park_lock_pin",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lock_pin_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Park-lock pin stuck in the locked groove",
            "de": "Verriegelungsstift im Verriegelungsgrund festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure cannot push the lock pin out",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck kann den Stift nicht ausstoßen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve blocked by debris",
            "de": "Öl-Steuerventil durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position - Unable to Achieve Locked Position Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position A erreicht Verriegelungsstellung nicht Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser A on bank 2 cannot reach its base position at engine shutdown so the lock pin never engages. Next cold start may run rough until oil pressure builds.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller A an Bank 2 erreicht beim Motorstopp nicht die Grundposition, der Verriegelungsstift rastet nicht ein. Der nächste Kaltstart kann unrund laufen, bis Öldruck aufgebaut ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b2",
        "park_lock_pin",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_internal_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn vanes or housing inside the phaser",
            "de": "Verschlissene Flügel oder Gehäuse im Versteller"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sludge or contaminated oil prevents return to base",
            "de": "Schlamm oder verunreinigtes Öl verhindert Rückstellung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve leaks internally",
            "de": "Öl-Steuerventil mit interner Leckage"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Control Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position A Regelung Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser A on bank 2 follows the commanded angle too slowly, oscillates, or shows steady-state error outside tolerance. Closed-loop control of cam timing is degraded.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller A an Bank 2 folgt der Soll-Position zu langsam, schwingt oder zeigt eine stationäre Abweichung außerhalb der Toleranz. Die Regelung der Nockenwellen-Zeit ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_a_b2",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "cam_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_sticky",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve spool sticks under varnish",
            "de": "Schieber des Öl-Steuerventils klemmt unter Lackrückständen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stretched timing chain shifts cam reference",
            "de": "Gelängte Steuerkette verschiebt die Nockenwellen-Referenz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_viscosity",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong oil viscosity slows phaser response",
            "de": "Falsche Ölviskosität verlangsamt den Versteller"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position - Stuck In Locked Position Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position B in Verriegelungsstellung festsitzend Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser B on bank 1 will not unlock from its base position. The phaser stays at the park-lock angle and cannot be advanced or retarded as commanded.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller B an Bank 1 löst sich nicht aus der Grundposition. Der Versteller bleibt am Verriegelungswinkel und folgt der Soll-Verstellung nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b1",
        "park_lock_pin",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lock_pin_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Park-lock pin stuck in the locked groove",
            "de": "Verriegelungsstift im Verriegelungsgrund festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure cannot push the lock pin out",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck kann den Stift nicht ausstoßen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve blocked by debris",
            "de": "Öl-Steuerventil durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position - Unable to Achieve Locked Position Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position B erreicht Verriegelungsstellung nicht Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser B on bank 1 cannot reach its base position at engine shutdown so the lock pin never engages. Next cold start may run rough until oil pressure builds.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller B an Bank 1 erreicht beim Motorstopp nicht die Grundposition, der Verriegelungsstift rastet nicht ein. Der nächste Kaltstart kann unrund laufen, bis Öldruck aufgebaut ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b1",
        "park_lock_pin",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_internal_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn vanes or housing inside the phaser",
            "de": "Verschlissene Flügel oder Gehäuse im Versteller"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sludge or contaminated oil prevents return to base",
            "de": "Schlamm oder verunreinigtes Öl verhindert Rückstellung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve leaks internally",
            "de": "Öl-Steuerventil mit interner Leckage"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Control Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position B Regelung Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser B on bank 1 follows the commanded angle too slowly, oscillates, or shows steady-state error outside tolerance. Closed-loop control of cam timing is degraded.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller B an Bank 1 folgt der Soll-Position zu langsam, schwingt oder zeigt eine stationäre Abweichung außerhalb der Toleranz. Die Regelung der Nockenwellen-Zeit ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b1",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "cam_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_sticky",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve spool sticks under varnish",
            "de": "Schieber des Öl-Steuerventils klemmt unter Lackrückständen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stretched timing chain shifts cam reference",
            "de": "Gelängte Steuerkette verschiebt die Nockenwellen-Referenz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_viscosity",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong oil viscosity slows phaser response",
            "de": "Falsche Ölviskosität verlangsamt den Versteller"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position - Stuck In Locked Position Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position B in Verriegelungsstellung festsitzend Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser B on bank 2 will not unlock from its base position. The phaser stays at the park-lock angle and cannot be advanced or retarded as commanded.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller B an Bank 2 löst sich nicht aus der Grundposition. Der Versteller bleibt am Verriegelungswinkel und folgt der Soll-Verstellung nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b2",
        "park_lock_pin",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lock_pin_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Park-lock pin stuck in the locked groove",
            "de": "Verriegelungsstift im Verriegelungsgrund festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure cannot push the lock pin out",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck kann den Stift nicht ausstoßen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve blocked by debris",
            "de": "Öl-Steuerventil durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position - Unable to Achieve Locked Position Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position B erreicht Verriegelungsstellung nicht Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser B on bank 2 cannot reach its base position at engine shutdown so the lock pin never engages. Next cold start may run rough until oil pressure builds.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller B an Bank 2 erreicht beim Motorstopp nicht die Grundposition, der Verriegelungsstift rastet nicht ein. Der nächste Kaltstart kann unrund laufen, bis Öldruck aufgebaut ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b2",
        "park_lock_pin",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phaser_internal_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn vanes or housing inside the phaser",
            "de": "Verschlissene Flügel oder Gehäuse im Versteller"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sludge or contaminated oil prevents return to base",
            "de": "Schlamm oder verunreinigtes Öl verhindert Rückstellung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve leaks internally",
            "de": "Öl-Steuerventil mit interner Leckage"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Control Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position B Regelung Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Camshaft phaser B on bank 2 follows the commanded angle too slowly, oscillates, or shows steady-state error outside tolerance. Closed-loop control of cam timing is degraded.",
        "de": "Der Nockenwellenversteller B an Bank 2 folgt der Soll-Position zu langsam, schwingt oder zeigt eine stationäre Abweichung außerhalb der Toleranz. Die Regelung der Nockenwellen-Zeit ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_phaser_b_b2",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "cam_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ocv_sticky",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve spool sticks under varnish",
            "de": "Schieber des Öl-Steuerventils klemmt unter Lackrückständen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "timing_chain_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stretched timing chain shifts cam reference",
            "de": "Gelängte Steuerkette verschiebt die Nockenwellen-Referenz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_viscosity",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong oil viscosity slows phaser response",
            "de": "Falsche Ölviskosität verlangsamt den Versteller"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Supercharger Disconnect Clutch Stuck Open",
        "de": "Kompressor-Trennkupplung dauerhaft offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch that engages the mechanical supercharger to the engine drive will not close. The supercharger stays disengaged so boost from this stage is unavailable, which limits torque and may also affect cooling pump drives shared with the same belt.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung, die den mechanischen Kompressor mit dem Motorantrieb verbindet, schließt nicht. Der Kompressor bleibt entkuppelt, der Ladedruck dieser Stufe fehlt, was Drehmoment begrenzt und ggf. auch geteilt angetriebene Pumpen am Riemen betrifft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "supercharger_clutch",
        "clutch_solenoid",
        "clutch_pulley"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open electromagnetic clutch coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Elektromagnetspule der Kupplung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_gap_too_large",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction surfaces leave the air gap too large to attract",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibflächen lassen den Luftspalt zu groß werden"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rusted_armature",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded armature plate stuck open",
            "de": "Korrodierte Ankerscheibe bleibt offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Supercharger Disconnect Clutch Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Kompressor-Trennkupplung dauerhaft geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch that engages the mechanical supercharger to the engine drive will not open. The supercharger remains coupled at all loads, increasing parasitic loss and fuel consumption when boost is not needed.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung, die den mechanischen Kompressor mit dem Motorantrieb verbindet, öffnet nicht. Der Kompressor bleibt in allen Lastpunkten gekuppelt, was Verlustleistung und Verbrauch erhöht, wenn kein Ladedruck nötig ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "supercharger_clutch",
        "clutch_solenoid",
        "clutch_pulley"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "armature_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Armature plate seized to the pulley face",
            "de": "Ankerscheibe an der Riemenscheibenfläche festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on keeps clutch energised",
            "de": "Festsitzende Endstufe hält Kupplung dauerhaft bestromt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bearing_failure",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed pulley bearing welds clutch surfaces",
            "de": "Defektes Riemenscheibenlager verschweißt die Kupplungsflächen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Supercharger Disconnect Clutch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kompressor-Trennkupplung Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supercharger clutch control current does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Either coil resistance has drifted or the driver feedback is implausible.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstrom der Kompressorkupplung stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Entweder driftet der Spulenwiderstand oder die Treiber-Rückmeldung ist unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "supercharger_clutch",
        "clutch_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance increased due to thermal damage",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch Wärmeschaden erhöht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in the clutch connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Kupplungsstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Supercharger Disconnect Clutch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kompressor-Trennkupplung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the supercharger clutch control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted clutch coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Kompressorkupplung liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Kupplungsspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "supercharger_clutch",
        "clutch_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in the clutch coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Kupplungsspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Supercharger Disconnect Clutch Circuit High",
        "de": "Kompressor-Trennkupplung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the supercharger clutch control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open coil that lets the driver float high.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Kompressorkupplung liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Spule, die die Endstufe hochziehen lässt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "supercharger_clutch",
        "clutch_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open clutch coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Kupplungsspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Pump Control Circuit B / Open",
        "de": "Vakuumpumpe Steuerkreis B / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the secondary electric vacuum pump (B). Brake servo or HVAC actuators that depend on engine vacuum may not get enough vacuum during low-load operation or with engine off in stop-start mode.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann die zweite elektrische Vakuumpumpe (B) nicht ansteuern. Bremskraftverstärker oder HVAC-Aktoren, die auf Motorvakuum angewiesen sind, bekommen bei Niedriglast oder im Start-Stopp-Betrieb möglicherweise zu wenig Vakuum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_pump_b",
        "pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor winding or worn brushes",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpenwicklung oder verschlissene Bürsten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire between ECU and pump",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zwischen Steuergerät und Pumpe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Pump Control Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Vakuumpumpe Steuerkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary vacuum pump does not produce the expected vacuum within the commanded run time. Leak in the pump line or worn pump diaphragm reduces output.",
        "de": "Die zweite Vakuumpumpe erreicht innerhalb der geforderten Laufzeit nicht das erwartete Vakuum. Eine undichte Vakuumleitung oder eine verschlissene Pumpenmembran reduziert die Leistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_pump_b",
        "vacuum_lines",
        "vacuum_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn diaphragm or vanes inside the pump",
            "de": "Verschlissene Membran oder Flügel in der Pumpe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "line_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked vacuum hose or loose connection",
            "de": "Gerissener Vakuumschlauch oder lose Verbindung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Pump Control Circuit B Low",
        "de": "Vakuumpumpe Steuerkreis B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the secondary vacuum pump control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted motor winding.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der zweiten Vakuumpumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Motorwicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump motor winding",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Pumpenmotor-Wicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vacuum Pump Control Circuit B High",
        "de": "Vakuumpumpe Steuerkreis B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the secondary vacuum pump control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open motor that lets the driver float high.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der zweiten Vakuumpumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offener Motor, der die Endstufe hochziehen lässt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding or worn brushes",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung oder verschlissene Bürsten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A third boost pressure sensor (C) used on twin-stage or sequential boost systems returns no usable signal. Without it, boost control of the third stage runs open-loop or is disabled.",
        "de": "Ein dritter Ladedrucksensor (C) bei zweistufigen oder sequenziellen Aufladesystemen liefert kein nutzbares Signal. Ohne ihn arbeitet die Regelung der dritten Stufe gesteuert oder ist deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element or broken signal wire",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement oder gebrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded connector at sensor pigtail",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker am Sensor-Anschlusskabel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third boost pressure sensor reading is implausible compared with manifold pressure or commanded boost. Either drift, leak in the sensing line, or contamination on the sensor diaphragm.",
        "de": "Der Wert des dritten Ladedrucksensors ist gegenüber Saugrohrdruck oder Sollladedruck unplausibel. Drift, Leckage in der Messleitung oder Verschmutzung auf der Sensormembran."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_c",
        "sensing_line"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift after thermal aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift nach thermischer Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "line_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensing hose blocked by oil residue",
            "de": "Messleitung durch Ölrückstände verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third boost pressure sensor signal is below the lower diagnostic threshold. Usually a shorted sensor element or a short to ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des dritten Ladedrucksensors liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert. Üblich sind kurzgeschlossenes Sensorelement oder Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in the sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third boost pressure sensor signal is above the upper diagnostic threshold. Common causes are an open sensor or a short to the 5 V reference.",
        "de": "Das Signal des dritten Ladedrucksensors liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert. Häufige Ursachen sind offener Sensor oder Kurzschluss zur 5-V-Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System B",
        "de": "Sekundärluft-System B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in the second secondary air injection (AIR) circuit. Detected by the O2 sensors which expect a lean swing during cold-start AIR pump operation but do not see one.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im zweiten Sekundärluft-Einblasekreis (AIR). Erkennen die O2-Sensoren, die während des Kaltstart-Pumpenbetriebs einen Magerausschlag erwarten, ihn aber nicht sehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_pump_b",
        "air_check_valve",
        "air_pipes"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed AIR pump motor or impeller",
            "de": "Defekter AIR-Pumpenmotor oder Laufrad"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "check_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Check valve seized by exhaust soot",
            "de": "Rückschlagventil durch Abgasruß festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pipe_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded or cracked air injection pipe",
            "de": "Korrodiertes oder gerissenes Einblasrohr"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System B Incorrect Flow Detected",
        "de": "Sekundärluft-System B falscher Luftmassenstrom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second AIR system delivers measurably more or less air than expected. Often a partially blocked pipe, a worn pump, or a leak between pump and check valve.",
        "de": "Das zweite Sekundärluft-System liefert messbar zuviel oder zuwenig Luft. Häufig teilweise verstopftes Rohr, verschlissene Pumpe oder Leckage zwischen Pumpe und Rückschlagventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_pump_b",
        "air_check_valve",
        "air_flow_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pipe_partial_block",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pipe partially blocked by carbon",
            "de": "Luftrohr durch Koks teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn pump impeller reduces flow",
            "de": "Verschlissenes Pumpenrad reduziert Förderung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "leak_to_atmosphere",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak between pump and check valve",
            "de": "Leckage zwischen Pumpe und Rückschlagventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve C Control Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil C Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A third bypass (recirculation or wastegate) valve used in three-stage charging systems is not responding to control commands. Boost balancing across stages can no longer be achieved.",
        "de": "Ein drittes Bypass-Ventil (Rezirkulations- oder Wastegate) in dreistufigen Aufladesystemen reagiert nicht auf Stellbefehle. Die Ladedruck-Balance über die Stufen kann nicht mehr eingestellt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_c",
        "bypass_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wiring to the valve",
            "de": "Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss in der Verkabelung zum Ventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the third bypass valve control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des dritten Bypass-Ventils liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_c",
        "bypass_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in the solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the third bypass valve control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des dritten Bypass-Ventils liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_c",
        "bypass_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve C Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil C Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third bypass valve current does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Drifted coil resistance or high-resistance contact in the connector.",
        "de": "Der Stellstrom des dritten Bypass-Ventils stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_c",
        "bypass_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in the valve connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Ventilstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve C - Mechanical",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil C - Mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third bypass valve is mechanically jammed. Solenoid is energised correctly but the valve flap or disc does not move as expected.",
        "de": "Das dritte Bypass-Ventil ist mechanisch verklemmt. Der Solenoid wird korrekt angesteuert, aber Klappe oder Teller bewegt sich nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_c",
        "actuator_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "carbon_buildup",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon buildup blocks the valve flap",
            "de": "Koksablagerungen blockieren die Ventilklappe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator linkage seized by corrosion",
            "de": "Aktuator-Gestänge durch Korrosion festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve C Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil C Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third bypass valve has reached over-temperature. Either coil duty cycle is too high for too long, or cooling air flow around the valve is restricted.",
        "de": "Das dritte Bypass-Ventil hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht. Entweder ist der Spulen-Tastgrad zu hoch für zu lange Zeit, oder die Kühlluft um das Ventil ist eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_valve_c",
        "bypass_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_duty_cycle",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high duty cycle from charge balancing strategy",
            "de": "Anhaltend hoher Tastgrad aus der Ladedruck-Balance"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling air channel blocked by debris",
            "de": "Kühlluftkanal durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Supercharger Disconnect Clutch",
        "de": "Kompressor-Trennkupplung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general performance fault in the supercharger disconnect clutch. Engagement or release is slow, sticky, or out of tolerance without a clear electrical-side cause.",
        "de": "Ein allgemeiner Leistungsfehler an der Kompressor-Trennkupplung. Einkuppeln oder Lösen erfolgt langsam, hängend oder außerhalb der Toleranz ohne eindeutige elektrische Ursache."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "supercharger_clutch",
        "clutch_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction surfaces or air gap drift",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibflächen oder Luftspalt-Drift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil or debris on the clutch face",
            "de": "Öl oder Schmutz auf der Kupplungsfläche"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P25FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electrical System Voltage Stabilizer Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Bordnetz-Spannungsstabilisator Steuergerät Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage stabiliser module (DC/DC converter for stop-start engine cranking events) does not maintain the regulated 12 V output during high transient loads. Sensitive electronics may reset during cranking.",
        "de": "Das Spannungsstabilisator-Modul (DC/DC-Wandler für Start-Stopp-Startvorgänge) hält die geregelte 12-V-Spannung bei hohen Lasttransienten nicht. Empfindliche Elektronik kann beim Anlassen zurückgesetzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "voltage_stabilizer_module",
        "dc_dc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "capacitor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged smoothing capacitors lose capacitance",
            "de": "Alterung der Glättungskondensatoren reduziert die Kapazität"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_voltage_drop",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery condition causes input voltage to drop too far",
            "de": "Batteriezustand führt zu zu starkem Spannungseinbruch am Eingang"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal fault in the converter switching stage",
            "de": "Interner Fehler in der Schaltstufe des Wandlers"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2600",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump A Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the electric coolant pump A control line. Without circulation, engine and aftertreatment can overheat or warm up incorrectly.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann die Steuerleitung der elektrischen Kühlmittelpumpe A nicht bedienen. Ohne Umlauf kann der Motor oder die Abgasnachbehandlung überhitzen oder falsch warmlaufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_a",
        "pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpenmotor-Wicklung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire to the pump",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zur Pumpe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2601",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump A Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric coolant pump A is commanded on but does not run. Coolant temperature climbs faster than expected with no flow detected.",
        "de": "Die elektrische Kühlmittelpumpe A wird angefordert, läuft aber nicht. Die Kühlmitteltemperatur steigt schneller als erwartet ohne erkennbaren Durchfluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_a",
        "pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor seized by debris or sediment",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor durch Schmutz oder Ablagerungen festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked rotor magnet decouples drive",
            "de": "Gerissener Rotormagnet entkoppelt den Antrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2602",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an open circuit on the electric coolant pump control line. Without pump control the engine cannot actively manage warm-up and cool-down phases.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis der elektrischen Kühlmittelpumpe. Ohne Pumpenansteuerung kann der Motor Aufwärm- und Abkühlphasen nicht aktiv regeln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_coolant_pump",
        "coolant_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_pump_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor open",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line open",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2603",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis Signal zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric coolant pump drive line reads below the lower threshold — typically a short to ground or a failed driver stage.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerleitung der elektrischen Kühlmittelpumpe liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert — typischerweise Massekurzschluss oder defekte Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_coolant_pump",
        "coolant_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stage_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stage failed",
            "de": "Endstufe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2602"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2604",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis Signal zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric coolant pump drive line reads above the upper threshold — usually a short to positive or a stuck-on driver stage.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerleitung der elektrischen Kühlmittelpumpe liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert — meist Kurzschluss nach Plus oder eine durchlegierte Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_coolant_pump",
        "coolant_pump_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive line shorted to positive",
            "de": "Ansteuerleitung nach Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stage_shorted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stage shorted on",
            "de": "Endstufe durchlegiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2602",
        "P2603"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2605",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater B Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Ansauglufterhitzer B Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the secondary intake air heater (heater grid B) used on diesel engines for cold-start support. The grid stays cold so cold-start emissions and white smoke increase.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den zweiten Ansauglufterhitzer (Heizgitter B) zur Kaltstartunterstützung am Dieselmotor nicht ansteuern. Das Gitter bleibt kalt, Kaltstart-Emissionen und Weißrauch nehmen zu."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater_b",
        "heater_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater grid element",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im Heizgitter-Element"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed heater relay or open coil",
            "de": "Defektes Heizrelais oder offene Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2606",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Ansauglufterhitzer B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary intake air heater current does not match expected resistance. Either the grid is partially open or the relay contacts have high resistance.",
        "de": "Der Strom des zweiten Ansauglufterhitzers stimmt nicht mit dem erwarteten Widerstand überein. Entweder ist das Gitter teilweise offen oder die Relaiskontakte sind hochohmig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater_b",
        "heater_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_partial_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial element failure raises grid resistance",
            "de": "Teilweise Defektes Element erhöht Gitterwiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_contact_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burned relay contacts",
            "de": "Verbrannte Relaiskontakte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2607",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ansauglufterhitzer B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the secondary intake air heater control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted relay coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des zweiten Ansauglufterhitzers liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Relaisspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater_b",
        "heater_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in relay coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2608",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater B Circuit High",
        "de": "Ansauglufterhitzer B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the secondary intake air heater control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open relay coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des zweiten Ansauglufterhitzers liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Relaisspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater_b",
        "heater_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2609",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater System Performance",
        "de": "Ansauglufterhitzer System Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake air heater system did not raise intake temperature by the expected amount during cold-start support. Suggests low current draw, poor connection to the grid, or a failed temperature feedback path.",
        "de": "Das Ansauglufterhitzer-System hat die Ansauglufttemperatur während der Kaltstartunterstützung nicht wie erwartet angehoben. Hinweis auf zu geringen Strom, schlechten Kontakt zum Gitter oder Fehler im Temperaturpfad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater",
        "intake_air_temperature_sensor",
        "heater_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_resistance_connection",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance battery feed to the heater",
            "de": "Hochohmige Batteriezuleitung zum Heizer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "temperature_sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake air temperature sensor reads with offset",
            "de": "Ansaugluft-Temperatursensor mit Offset"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P260A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Nebenantrieb Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the power take-off (PTO) engagement line on commercial vehicles. The PTO will not engage even when commanded by the body controller or operator switch.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann die Einrück-Leitung des Nebenantriebs (PTO) bei Nutzfahrzeugen nicht bedienen. Der PTO rückt auch auf Anforderung von Aufbau-Steuergerät oder Bedienschalter nicht ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_engagement_solenoid",
        "pto_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in the PTO engagement solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des PTO-Einrücksolenoids"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken wire to the PTO solenoid",
            "de": "Gebrochene Leitung zum PTO-Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P260B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Nebenantrieb Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the PTO engagement control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des PTO-Einrücksolenoids liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_engagement_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in the solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P260C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Nebenantrieb Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the PTO engagement control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des PTO-Einrücksolenoids liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_engagement_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P260D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PTO Engaged Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Nebenantrieb Anzeigeleuchte Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dashboard PTO engaged lamp control circuit is faulty. Driver may not see whether the PTO is currently driving an external accessory.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Armaturenbrett-Anzeigeleuchte für eingelegten Nebenantrieb ist gestört. Der Fahrer sieht möglicherweise nicht, ob der PTO ein Aufbaugerät antreibt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_indicator_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt-out indicator bulb",
            "de": "Defekte Anzeigeleuchte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wire between cluster and ECU",
            "de": "Offene oder kurzgeschlossene Leitung zwischen Kombi und Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          150
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P260E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Regeneration Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Regenerations-Anzeigeleuchte Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DPF regeneration warning lamp circuit is faulty. The driver may not be alerted to a required highway run that supports passive regeneration.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der DPF-Regenerations-Warnleuchte ist gestört. Der Fahrer wird möglicherweise nicht zu einer Autobahnfahrt aufgefordert, die die Regeneration unterstützt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_regen_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt-out indicator bulb",
            "de": "Defekte Anzeigeleuchte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wire to the cluster",
            "de": "Offene oder kurzgeschlossene Leitung zum Kombi"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P260F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Monitoring Processor Performance",
        "de": "EVAP-System Überwachungsprozessor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated EVAP monitoring processor (often a small auxiliary CPU inside the engine controller or a separate module) does not pass its self-test or runs out of step with the main monitor logic.",
        "de": "Der dedizierte EVAP-Überwachungsprozessor (oft ein kleiner Hilfs-CPU im Motorsteuergerät oder ein separates Modul) besteht den Selbsttest nicht oder läuft nicht im Takt mit der Hauptlogik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_monitor_processor",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "processor_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal fault in the monitoring processor",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Überwachungsprozessor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software memory corruption",
            "de": "Speicherfehler in der Software"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2610",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "ECM/PCM Internal Engine Off Timer Performance",
        "de": "ECM/PCM interner Motor-Aus-Timer Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine controller's internal soak-time/engine-off timer fails its plausibility check — for example readings claim instant cool-down or never-cooled. Cold-start enrichment, EVAP and catalyst monitors depend on this timer; a fault freezes those readiness monitors.",
        "de": "Der interne Soak-Time- bzw. Motor-Aus-Timer der Motorsteuerung scheitert an der Plausibilitätsprüfung — etwa unmittelbares oder nie eintretendes Abkühlen. Kaltstart-Anreicherung sowie EVAP- und Kat-Monitore hängen von diesem Timer ab; ein Fehler lässt diese Readiness-Monitore stehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecu_internal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU internal timer fault",
            "de": "ECU-interner Timerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_keep_alive_power_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Keep-alive memory power intermittent",
            "de": "Dauerplus für Standby-Speicher unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2611",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve A Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Klimaanlagen-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C refrigerant distribution valve A (used to switch refrigerant flow between front and rear evaporators or between cabin and battery cooling on EVs) cannot be driven by the controller.",
        "de": "Das Verteilventil A im Klimaanlagen-Kältemittelkreis (zur Umschaltung zwischen vorderem und hinterem Verdampfer oder zwischen Kabinen- und Batteriekühlung bei E-Fahrzeugen) kann vom Steuergerät nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_distribution_valve_a",
        "valve_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in the valve solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Spule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2612",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klimaanlagen-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the A/C distribution valve A control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des A/C-Verteilventils A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_distribution_valve_a",
        "valve_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in the valve solenoid",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventil-Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2613",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Klimaanlagen-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the A/C distribution valve A control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des A/C-Verteilventils A liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_distribution_valve_a",
        "valve_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2614",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Output Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Nockenwellenposition-Ausgangs-Stromkreis/Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The camshaft position output signal sent from the ECU to other modules is interrupted. Other systems that rely on the cam reference (e.g. transmission, hybrid module) do not receive a valid signal.",
        "de": "Das Nockenwellenpositions-Ausgangssignal der ECU an andere Steuergeraete ist unterbrochen. Andere Systeme, die die Nockenwellenreferenz benoetigen (z. B. Getriebe, Hybridmodul), erhalten kein gueltiges Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_sensor",
        "cmp_signal_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open output wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrochene Ausgangsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal ECU output driver fault",
            "de": "Interner ECU-Ausgangstreiber-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2615",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft A Position Signal Output Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position A Signal-Ausgang Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The buffered camshaft A position output that the engine controller sends to other modules (transmission, body, ignition module) is below the expected level on bank 1. Other modules cannot use the cam phase reference for synchronisation.",
        "de": "Der gepufferte Nockenwellen-Position-A-Ausgang, den das Motorsteuergerät an andere Module (Getriebe, Karosserie, Zündmodul) ausgibt, liegt an Bank 1 unter dem erwarteten Pegel. Andere Module können die Nockenphasenreferenz nicht zur Synchronisation nutzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "signal_output_buffer",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "buffer_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output buffer transistor failed",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Pufferstufe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2616",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft A Position Signal Output Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Nockenwellen-Position A Signal-Ausgang Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The buffered camshaft A position output is above the expected level on bank 1. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open output stage.",
        "de": "Der gepufferte Nockenwellen-Position-A-Ausgang liegt an Bank 1 über dem erwarteten Pegel. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Ausgangsstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "signal_output_buffer",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "buffer_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output buffer open",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Pufferstufe offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2617",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Signal Output Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Kurbelwellen-Position Signal-Ausgang Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The buffered crankshaft position output that the engine controller sends to ignition modules and the transmission cannot drive its line. Open detected on the output side.",
        "de": "Der gepufferte Kurbelwellen-Position-Ausgang an Zündmodule und Getriebe lässt sich nicht treiben. Eine Unterbrechung wird auf der Ausgangsseite erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "signal_output_buffer",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire between ECU and downstream module",
            "de": "Unterbrechung der Leitung zwischen Steuergerät und Folgemodul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "buffer_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output buffer internally open",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Pufferstufe intern offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2618",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Signal Output Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kurbelwellen-Position Signal-Ausgang Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The buffered crankshaft position output is below the expected level. Usually a short to ground on the output line or a failed buffer.",
        "de": "Der gepufferte Kurbelwellen-Position-Ausgang liegt unter dem erwarteten Pegel. Meist Masseschluss auf der Ausgangsleitung oder defekter Puffer."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "signal_output_buffer",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "buffer_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Buffer transistor failed",
            "de": "Pufferstufen-Transistor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2619",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankshaft Position Signal Output Circuit High",
        "de": "Kurbelwellen-Position Signal-Ausgang Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The buffered crankshaft position output is above the expected level. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open output stage.",
        "de": "Der gepufferte Kurbelwellen-Position-Ausgang liegt über dem erwarteten Pegel. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Ausgangsstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "signal_output_buffer",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "buffer_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output buffer open",
            "de": "Pufferstufe offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P261A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump B Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the second electric coolant pump (B). Often used for aftertreatment, turbo cool-down, or hybrid battery loops — fault stops circulation in that loop.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann die zweite elektrische Kühlmittelpumpe (B) nicht ansteuern. Häufig für Abgasnachbehandlung, Turbo-Nachlauf oder Hybridbatterie-Kreislauf eingesetzt — der Umlauf in diesem Kreis steht still."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpenmotor-Wicklung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire to the pump",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zur Pumpe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P261B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump B Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second electric coolant pump is commanded on but does not run. Cooling demand of the connected loop is not satisfied.",
        "de": "Die zweite elektrische Kühlmittelpumpe wird angefordert, läuft aber nicht. Der Kühlbedarf des angeschlossenen Kreises wird nicht erfüllt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor seized by sediment",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor durch Ablagerungen festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked rotor magnet decouples drive",
            "de": "Gerissener Rotormagnet entkoppelt den Antrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P261C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the second coolant pump control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted motor winding.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der zweiten Kühlmittelpumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Motorwicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding short",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in der Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P261D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the second coolant pump control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open motor winding.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der zweiten Kühlmittelpumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Motorwicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P261E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump B Control Circuit Stuck On",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second coolant pump runs even when no command is active. Driver is stuck on or the wire is shorted to a permanent supply.",
        "de": "Die zweite Kühlmittelpumpe läuft, auch wenn keine Anforderung aktiv ist. Treiber bleibt durchgeschaltet oder die Leitung ist mit Dauerplus kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver stuck on",
            "de": "ECU-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_constant_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a permanent B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Dauerplus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P261F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump A Control Circuit Stuck On",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuerkreis dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first coolant pump runs even when no command is active. Driver is stuck on or the wire is shorted to a permanent supply.",
        "de": "Die erste Kühlmittelpumpe läuft, auch wenn keine Anforderung aktiv ist. Treiber bleibt durchgeschaltet oder die Leitung ist mit Dauerplus kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_a",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver stuck on",
            "de": "ECU-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_constant_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a permanent B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Dauerplus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2620",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Position Output Circuit",
        "de": "Drosselklappenposition Ausgangsstromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general electrical fault on the ECU output that broadcasts the throttle position signal to other modules — for example to the transmission control or hybrid drive controller.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuergeräteausgang, der die Drosselklappenstellung an andere Module sendet — etwa an die Getriebesteuerung oder den Hybridantriebsregler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_unit",
        "vehicle_data_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output wire open or shorted",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_output_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output stage failed",
            "de": "Steuergerät-Endstufe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2621",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Position Output Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drosselklappenstellung Ausgangskreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The buffered throttle position output that the engine controller sends to the transmission and body modules is below the expected level. Usually a short to ground or a failed output stage.",
        "de": "Der gepufferte Drosselklappenstellungs-Ausgang an Getriebe und Karosserie-Module liegt unter dem erwarteten Pegel. Meist Masseschluss oder defekte Ausgangsstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "signal_output_buffer",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "buffer_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output buffer transistor failed",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Pufferstufen-Transistor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2622",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Position Output Circuit High",
        "de": "Drosselklappenstellung Ausgangskreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The buffered throttle position output is above the expected level. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open output stage.",
        "de": "Der gepufferte Drosselklappenstellungs-Ausgang liegt über dem erwarteten Pegel. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Ausgangsstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "signal_output_buffer",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Ausgangsleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "buffer_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output buffer open",
            "de": "Pufferstufe offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2623",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Regulator Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdruckregler Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The Injector Control Pressure (ICP) regulator on hydraulically actuated injectors (HEUI diesel) or the high-pressure regulator on common-rail systems cannot be driven. Injection pressure cannot be controlled, engine may not start.",
        "de": "Der Injektor-Steuerdruckregler (ICP) hydraulisch betätigter Injektoren (HEUI-Diesel) oder der Hochdruckregler von Common-Rail-Systemen kann nicht angesteuert werden. Der Einspritzdruck wird nicht geregelt, der Motor startet möglicherweise nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "icp_regulator",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in the pressure regulator",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Druckreglers"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEUI"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2624",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Regulator Circuit Low",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdruckregler Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the ICP regulator control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted regulator coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des ICP-Reglers liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Reglerspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "icp_regulator",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in regulator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Reglerspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEUI"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2625",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Control Pressure Regulator Circuit High",
        "de": "Injektor-Steuerdruckregler Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the ICP regulator control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open regulator coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des ICP-Reglers liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Reglerspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "icp_regulator",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open regulator coil",
            "de": "Offene Reglerspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEUI"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2626",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit/Open Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trimmkreis/Unterbrechung Bank 1 Sonde 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects an open in the pumping current trim circuit of the wide-band oxygen sensor on bank 1 sensor 1. Without trim correction, the lambda value reported by the sensor is not accurate.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt eine Unterbrechung im Pumpstrom-Trimmkreis der Breitband-Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sonde 1. Ohne Trimmkorrektur ist der von der Sonde gemeldete Lambdawert nicht genau."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wideband_oxygen_sensor",
        "o2_trim_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trim_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Trim wire open",
            "de": "Trimmleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor fault",
            "de": "Interner Sensorfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2627",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trimmschaltung niedrig Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On a wide-band (broadband) O2 sensor, the trim resistor circuit that calibrates the pumping current is reading low on bank 1 sensor 1. Air-fuel feedback gain is wrong, causing rich or lean offsets.",
        "de": "Bei einer Breitband-Lambdasonde liest die Trimmwiderstand-Schaltung zur Kalibrierung des Pumpstroms an Bank 1 Sensor 1 zu niedrig. Die Lambdaregelungs-Verstärkung stimmt nicht, was Fett- oder Mager-Offsets verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wideband_o2_sensor_b1s1",
        "sensor_calibration_resistor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trim_resistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short in the calibration trim resistor",
            "de": "Kurzschluss im Kalibrier-Trimmwiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water_intrusion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water intrusion in the sensor connector",
            "de": "Wassereintritt im Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2628",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trimmschaltung hoch Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wide-band trim resistor circuit on bank 1 sensor 1 reads high. Air-fuel feedback gain is wrong, causing offsets that the controller cannot compensate.",
        "de": "Die Breitband-Trimmwiderstand-Schaltung an Bank 1 Sensor 1 liest zu hoch. Die Lambdaregelungs-Verstärkung stimmt nicht, das Steuergerät kann den Offset nicht ausgleichen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wideband_o2_sensor_b1s1",
        "sensor_calibration_resistor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trim_resistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open calibration trim resistor",
            "de": "Offener Kalibrier-Trimmwiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2629",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit / Open Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trimmschaltung / Unterbrechung Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wide-band trim resistor circuit on bank 2 sensor 1 is open. Air-fuel feedback for bank 2 cannot be calibrated, fuel control runs degraded.",
        "de": "Die Breitband-Trimmwiderstand-Schaltung an Bank 2 Sensor 1 ist offen. Die Lambdaregelung für Bank 2 kann nicht kalibriert werden, die Gemischregelung läuft eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wideband_o2_sensor_b2s1",
        "sensor_calibration_resistor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trim_resistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open calibration trim resistor",
            "de": "Offener Kalibrier-Trimmwiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor connector pin",
            "de": "Offener Pin im Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P262A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector - Pilot Injection Not Learned",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor - Voreinspritzung nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pilot (pre) injection learning routine on a common-rail diesel did not complete successfully. Without learned pilot quantity, combustion noise increases and NOx may rise.",
        "de": "Die Lernroutine der Voreinspritzung an einem Common-Rail-Diesel konnte nicht erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden. Ohne gelernte Voreinspritzmenge nimmt das Verbrennungsgeräusch zu und NOx kann steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector",
        "high_pressure_pump",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector flow drift outside learning window",
            "de": "Injektor-Mengendrift außerhalb des Lernfensters"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_unstable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unstable rail pressure during learning cycle",
            "de": "Instabiler Raildruck während des Lernzyklus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P262B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Power Off Timer Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät Nachlauftimer Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal power-down timer of the engine controller does not run as expected. The module either stays awake too long after key-off (battery drain) or shuts down too early (no aftertreatment cool-down or learn-write).",
        "de": "Der interne Nachlauftimer des Motorsteuergeräts läuft nicht wie erwartet. Das Modul bleibt entweder nach Klemme aus zu lange wach (Batterieentladung) oder schaltet zu früh aus (keine Abgasnachbehandlungs-Nachlauf oder Lernwert-Schreiben)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "main_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_intermittent",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent main relay opens early",
            "de": "Sporadisches Hauptrelais öffnet zu früh"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_timer_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software timer counter corrupted",
            "de": "Software-Timer-Zähler beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P262C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage G Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung G Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 5 V reference G output that the engine controller supplies to a group of sensors is open. All sensors fed from this rail will report invalid readings.",
        "de": "Die 5-V-Referenz-G-Ausgangsleitung, die das Motorsteuergerät an eine Sensorgruppe liefert, ist offen. Alle Sensoren an diesem Pfad melden ungültige Werte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "reference_voltage_rail",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire on the reference rail",
            "de": "Unterbrechung der Referenzleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open inside the ECU reference output",
            "de": "Offen innerhalb des ECU-Referenzausgangs"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P262D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage G Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung G Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 5 V reference G voltage is below the expected level. Usually a short to ground or excessive load from a downstream sensor pulling the rail down.",
        "de": "Die 5-V-Referenzspannung G liegt unter dem erwarteten Pegel. Meist Masseschluss oder zu hohe Last eines nachgelagerten Sensors, der die Schiene herunterzieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "reference_voltage_rail",
        "sensors_on_rail_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Referenzleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor on the rail shorted internally to ground",
            "de": "Sensor an der Schiene intern mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P262E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage G Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung G Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 5 V reference G voltage is above the expected level. Typical causes are a short to battery or an internal regulator failure.",
        "de": "Die 5-V-Referenzspannung G liegt über dem erwarteten Pegel. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder ein interner Reglerfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "reference_voltage_rail",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Referenzleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal 5 V regulator failed",
            "de": "Interner 5-V-Regler defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P262F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Reference Voltage G Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Sensor-Referenzspannung G Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 5 V reference G voltage is within range but unstable or offset against expected. Loose ground or marginal regulator load.",
        "de": "Die 5-V-Referenzspannung G liegt im Bereich, ist aber instabil oder gegenüber dem Erwartungswert versetzt. Lockere Masse oder grenzwertige Reglerlast."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "reference_voltage_rail",
        "sensors_on_rail_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ground_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance ground for the reference rail",
            "de": "Hochohmige Masse für die Referenzschiene"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor draws excessive current and shifts the rail",
            "de": "Ein Sensor zieht zu viel Strom und verschiebt die Schiene"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2630",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit Low Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trimmschaltung niedrig Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wide-band trim resistor circuit on bank 2 sensor 1 reads low. Air-fuel feedback gain on bank 2 is wrong, causing rich or lean offsets.",
        "de": "Die Breitband-Trimmwiderstand-Schaltung an Bank 2 Sensor 1 liest zu niedrig. Die Lambdaregelungs-Verstärkung an Bank 2 stimmt nicht, was Fett- oder Mager-Offsets verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wideband_o2_sensor_b2s1",
        "sensor_calibration_resistor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trim_resistor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short in the calibration trim resistor",
            "de": "Kurzschluss im Kalibrier-Trimmwiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_water_intrusion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water intrusion in the sensor connector",
            "de": "Wassereintritt im Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2631",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit High Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trimmschaltung hoch Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wide-band trim resistor circuit on bank 2 sensor 1 reads high. Air-fuel feedback gain on bank 2 is wrong, the controller cannot compensate the offset.",
        "de": "Die Breitband-Trimmwiderstand-Schaltung an Bank 2 Sensor 1 liest zu hoch. Die Lambdaregelungs-Verstärkung an Bank 2 stimmt nicht, das Steuergerät kann den Offset nicht ausgleichen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wideband_o2_sensor_b2s1",
        "sensor_calibration_resistor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trim_resistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open calibration trim resistor",
            "de": "Offener Kalibrier-Trimmwiderstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2632",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump B Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe B Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the secondary fuel pump (B). Common on dual-tank trucks, GDI lift-pump systems, or alt-fuel installations — fault stops fuel delivery from this stage.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann die zweite Kraftstoffpumpe (B) nicht ansteuern. Üblich bei Doppeltank-Lkw, GDI-Förderpumpensystemen oder Alternativkraftstoff-Installationen — die Förderung dieser Stufe steht still."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_b",
        "fuel_pump_relay_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpenmotor-Wicklung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed pump relay",
            "de": "Defektes Pumpenrelais"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2633",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the second fuel pump control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted motor winding.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der zweiten Kraftstoffpumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Motorwicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump motor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2634",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the second fuel pump control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open motor winding.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der zweiten Kraftstoffpumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Motorwicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2635",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump A Low Flow / Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe A geringe Foerderleistung / Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU detects insufficient fuel flow from fuel pump A. Either the pump is worn out, the supply line is restricted, or the pressure regulator does not allow proper flow.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erkennt unzureichende Foerderleistung der Kraftstoffpumpe A. Entweder ist die Pumpe verschlissen, die Versorgungsleitung verengt oder der Druckregler laesst keinen ausreichenden Durchfluss zu."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_filter",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn fuel pump",
            "de": "Verschlissene Kraftstoffpumpe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clogged_filter",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clogged fuel filter",
            "de": "Verstopfter Kraftstofffilter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_fault",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator fault",
            "de": "Druckreglerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2636",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump B Low Flow/Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe B geringe Förderleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second fuel pump runs but does not deliver expected volume or pressure. Worn pump, restricted filter, or leaking pressure regulator.",
        "de": "Die zweite Kraftstoffpumpe läuft, fördert aber nicht das erwartete Volumen oder den erwarteten Druck. Verschlissene Pumpe, verstopfter Filter oder undichter Druckregler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_b",
        "fuel_filter",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn impeller reduces volumetric efficiency",
            "de": "Verschlissenes Laufrad mindert die Förderleistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "filter_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted in-tank or in-line fuel filter",
            "de": "Verstopfter Tank- oder Inline-Kraftstofffilter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator leaks back to tank",
            "de": "Druckregler leckt zurück in den Tank"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2637",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Feedback Signal A",
        "de": "Drehmomentmanagement-Rückmeldung A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque feedback signal A from the transmission or other torque user is missing or invalid. The engine controller cannot reduce torque on shift requests, which can cause harsh shifts.",
        "de": "Das Drehmoment-Rückmeldesignal A vom Getriebe oder anderem Drehmomentnutzer fehlt oder ist ungültig. Das Motorsteuergerät kann das Drehmoment bei Schaltanforderungen nicht reduzieren, was zu harten Schaltvorgängen führen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "communication_bus",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_message_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Required CAN message not received in time",
            "de": "Erwartete CAN-Nachricht nicht rechtzeitig empfangen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Source module reports an internal fault",
            "de": "Senderquelle meldet einen internen Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2638",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Feedback Signal A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drehmomentmanagement-Rückmeldung A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque feedback signal A is present but its value is implausible against measured engine load and speed. Sender calibration or sensor offset is suspected.",
        "de": "Das Drehmoment-Rückmeldesignal A ist vorhanden, der Wert ist aber gegenüber gemessener Motorlast und Drehzahl unplausibel. Verdacht auf Senderkalibrierung oder Sensoroffset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "torque_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sender_calibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sender calibration drift",
            "de": "Senderkalibrierung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_value_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus value corrupted by EMI",
            "de": "Bus-Wert durch elektromagnetische Störung verfälscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2639",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Feedback Signal A Low",
        "de": "Drehmomentmanagement-Rückmeldung A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque feedback signal A reads below its valid range. Either the source reports a value below physical possibility or the bus signal is stuck low.",
        "de": "Das Drehmoment-Rückmeldesignal A liegt unter dem zulässigen Bereich. Entweder meldet die Quelle einen physikalisch nicht möglichen Wert oder das Bussignal hängt unten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "source_invalid_value",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Source module sends invalid low value",
            "de": "Quellmodul sendet ungültigen Niedrigwert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_signal_stuck_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal stuck low on the bus",
            "de": "Signal hängt auf dem Bus niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P263A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "MIL Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "MIL Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the malfunction indicator lamp control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted bulb driver.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Motorkontrollleuchte liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossener Treiber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mil_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bulb driver internally shorted",
            "de": "Lampentreiber intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P263B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "MIL Control Circuit High",
        "de": "MIL Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the malfunction indicator lamp control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open lamp.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Motorkontrollleuchte liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder defekte Lampe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mil_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bulb_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt-out MIL bulb",
            "de": "Defekte MIL-Lampe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P263C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Driver Performance",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuertreiber Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug control driver does not respond to commands within tolerance. Cold-start glow function is degraded so cold starting can be delayed and white smoke increases.",
        "de": "Der Glühkerzen-Steuertreiber reagiert nicht innerhalb der Toleranz auf Befehle. Die Kaltstart-Glühfunktion ist beeinträchtigt, der Kaltstart kann verzögert sein und Weißrauch nimmt zu."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_controller",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged driver shows degraded switching behaviour",
            "de": "Gealterter Treiber zeigt verschlechtertes Schaltverhalten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_loop_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current feedback loop noisy",
            "de": "Strom-Rückführung verrauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P263D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Heater Driver Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Heizer Treiber Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant (AdBlue) tank or line heater driver does not switch as expected. AdBlue may freeze in cold weather, blocking SCR dosing.",
        "de": "Der Treiber für die Reduktionsmittel-Heizung (AdBlue) im Tank oder in den Leitungen schaltet nicht wie erwartet. AdBlue kann in kalter Witterung einfrieren und die SCR-Dosierung blockieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater",
        "reductant_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged driver shows degraded switching behaviour",
            "de": "Gealterter Treiber zeigt verschlechtertes Schaltverhalten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element resistance drifted out of range",
            "de": "Widerstand des Heizelements driftet aus dem Bereich"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P263E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 1 Over Temperature",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 1 Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first glow plug control module reports over-temperature. Sustained current draw or insufficient cooling has driven the module above its rated temperature.",
        "de": "Das erste Glühkerzen-Steuermodul meldet Übertemperatur. Anhaltender Stromfluss oder unzureichende Kühlung hat das Modul über seine Nenntemperatur getrieben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_module_1",
        "glow_plugs"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_glow_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One glow plug shorted to ground forces module overcurrent",
            "de": "Glühkerze mit Masseschluss erzwingt Überstrom im Modul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling air channel blocked by debris",
            "de": "Kühlluftkanal durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P263F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Glow Plug Control Module 2 Over Temperature",
        "de": "Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2 Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second glow plug control module reports over-temperature. Sustained current draw or insufficient cooling has driven the module above its rated temperature.",
        "de": "Das zweite Glühkerzen-Steuermodul meldet Übertemperatur. Anhaltender Stromfluss oder unzureichende Kühlung hat das Modul über seine Nenntemperatur getrieben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_module_2",
        "glow_plugs"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shorted_glow_plug",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One glow plug shorted to ground forces module overcurrent",
            "de": "Glühkerze mit Masseschluss erzwingt Überstrom im Modul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling air channel blocked by debris",
            "de": "Kühlluftkanal durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2640",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Feedback Signal A High",
        "de": "Drehmomentmanagement-Rückmeldung A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque feedback signal A reads above its valid range. Source module sends an implausibly high value or the bus signal is stuck high.",
        "de": "Das Drehmoment-Rückmeldesignal A liegt über dem zulässigen Bereich. Quellmodul sendet einen unplausibel hohen Wert oder das Bussignal hängt oben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "source_invalid_value",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Source module sends invalid high value",
            "de": "Quellmodul sendet ungültigen Hochwert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_signal_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal stuck high on the bus",
            "de": "Signal hängt auf dem Bus hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2641",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Feedback Signal B",
        "de": "Drehmomentmanagement-Rückmeldung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque feedback signal B from a second torque user is missing or invalid. The engine controller cannot coordinate torque reduction with this user.",
        "de": "Das Drehmoment-Rückmeldesignal B eines zweiten Drehmomentnutzers fehlt oder ist ungültig. Das Motorsteuergerät kann die Drehmomentreduktion mit diesem Nutzer nicht koordinieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_torque_user",
        "communication_bus",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_message_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Required CAN message not received in time",
            "de": "Erwartete CAN-Nachricht nicht rechtzeitig empfangen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "source_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Source module reports an internal fault",
            "de": "Senderquelle meldet einen internen Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2642",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Feedback Signal B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drehmomentmanagement-Rückmeldung B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque feedback signal B is present but its value is implausible against measured engine load and speed. Sender calibration or sensor offset is suspected.",
        "de": "Das Drehmoment-Rückmeldesignal B ist vorhanden, der Wert ist aber gegenüber gemessener Motorlast und Drehzahl unplausibel. Verdacht auf Senderkalibrierung oder Sensoroffset."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_torque_user",
        "torque_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sender_calibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sender calibration drift",
            "de": "Senderkalibrierung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_value_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus value corrupted by EMI",
            "de": "Bus-Wert durch elektromagnetische Störung verfälscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2643",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Feedback Signal B Low",
        "de": "Drehmomentmanagement-Rückmeldung B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque feedback signal B reads below its valid range. Source sends a value below physical possibility or the bus signal is stuck low.",
        "de": "Das Drehmoment-Rückmeldesignal B liegt unter dem zulässigen Bereich. Quelle sendet einen physikalisch nicht möglichen Wert oder das Bussignal hängt unten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_torque_user",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "source_invalid_value",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Source module sends invalid low value",
            "de": "Quellmodul sendet ungültigen Niedrigwert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_signal_stuck_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal stuck low on the bus",
            "de": "Signal hängt auf dem Bus niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2644",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Management Feedback Signal B High",
        "de": "Drehmomentmanagement-Rückmeldung B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The torque feedback signal B reads above its valid range. Source sends an implausibly high value or the bus signal is stuck high.",
        "de": "Das Drehmoment-Rückmeldesignal B liegt über dem zulässigen Bereich. Quelle sendet einen unplausibel hohen Wert oder das Bussignal hängt oben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_torque_user",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "source_invalid_value",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Source module sends invalid high value",
            "de": "Quellmodul sendet ungültigen Hochwert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_signal_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal stuck high on the bus",
            "de": "Signal hängt auf dem Bus hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2645",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit / Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the rocker arm switching actuator A on bank 1 (used in cylinder deactivation systems such as VTEC, AFM, MDS). The valve lift mode cannot be switched.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den Schalt-Aktuator des Kipphebels A an Bank 1 (eingesetzt in Zylinderabschaltungs-Systemen wie VTEC, AFM, MDS) nicht bedienen. Der Ventilhub-Modus kann nicht umgeschaltet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_a_b1",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in oil control valve",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Öl-Steuerventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2646",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator System Performance/Stuck Off Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A System Leistung/festsitzend aus Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rocker arm actuator A on bank 1 is commanded to engage (high lift or all-cylinder mode) but does not switch. Engine stays in low-lift or deactivated mode under load, causing reduced power.",
        "de": "Der Kipphebel-Aktuator A an Bank 1 wird zur Einrückung angefordert (Hochhub oder Vollzylinderbetrieb), schaltet aber nicht um. Der Motor bleibt unter Last im Niedrighub- oder Abschaltmodus, was Leistung reduziert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_a_b1",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure cannot move the actuator",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck kann den Aktuator nicht bewegen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical lock pin stuck in unactivated position",
            "de": "Mechanischer Verriegelungsstift in nicht aktivierter Position festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2647",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator System Stuck On Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Kipphebel-Aktuator System klemmt eingeschaltet Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On variable valve lift systems (e.g. Honda VTEC) the ECU detects that the bank 1 rocker arm actuator is stuck in the engaged (high lift) position. Idle quality and fuel economy are affected.",
        "de": "Bei Systemen mit variablem Ventilhub (z. B. Honda VTEC) erkennt die Motorsteuerung, dass der Kipphebel-Aktuator auf Bank 1 in der eingelegten (hoher Hub) Position festsitzt. Leerlaufqualitaet und Verbrauch sind betroffen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vvl_actuator",
        "rocker_arm",
        "oil_passages"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Insufficient oil pressure / level",
            "de": "Zu geringer Oeldruck / -stand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stuck VVL solenoid",
            "de": "Klemmendes VVL-Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2648",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the rocker arm actuator A control line on bank 1 is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kipphebel-Aktuators A an Bank 1 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_a_b1",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2649",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Steuerkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the rocker arm actuator A control line on bank 1 is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kipphebel-Aktuators A an Bank 1 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_a_b1",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P264A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Positionssensor Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor that confirms the A rocker arm switching state on bank 1 returns no usable signal. Closed-loop control of valve lift cannot verify the state.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor zur Bestätigung des Schaltzustands des Kipphebels A an Bank 1 liefert kein nutzbares Signal. Die Lagerückmeldung der Ventilhubsteuerung fehlt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P264B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor reading does not transition cleanly between the two valve lift modes on bank 1. Sensor drift or mechanical wear leaves the signal between expected values.",
        "de": "Der Wert des Positionssensors wechselt nicht sauber zwischen den beiden Ventilhubmodi an Bank 1. Sensordrift oder mechanischer Verschleiß lässt das Signal zwischen den erwarteten Werten stehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_a_b1",
        "actuator_mechanism"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal drift after thermal aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift nach thermischer Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mechanism_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn lock pin reduces travel between modes",
            "de": "Verschlissener Verriegelungsstift verringert den Hub zwischen den Modi"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P264C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal is below the lower diagnostic threshold. Usually a shorted sensor or short to ground in the harness.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert. Üblich sind kurzgeschlossener Sensor oder Masseschluss im Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P264D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal is above the upper diagnostic threshold. Common causes are an open sensor or a short to the 5 V reference.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert. Häufige Ursachen sind offener Sensor oder Kurzschluss zur 5-V-Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P264E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unregelmäßig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently. Usually a loose connector or a chafed wire in the harness.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal springt oder fällt sporadisch aus. Meist ein lockerer Stecker oder eine gescheuerte Leitung im Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against valve cover or cam carrier",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Ventildeckel oder Nockenwellenträger gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P264F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Serial Number Not Programmed or Incompatible",
        "de": "Motorseriennummer nicht programmiert oder inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine controller cannot read a valid engine serial number from its non-volatile memory, or the stored value does not match the expected pattern. Calibration sets keyed to the serial number cannot be applied.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann keine gültige Motorseriennummer aus dem nichtflüchtigen Speicher lesen, oder der hinterlegte Wert passt nicht zum erwarteten Muster. Auf die Seriennummer abgestimmte Kalibrierungen können nicht angewendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "non_volatile_memory"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "not_programmed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement ECU not programmed at install",
            "de": "Tausch-Steuergerät nach Einbau nicht programmiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "memory_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Non-volatile memory corruption",
            "de": "Speicher des nichtflüchtigen Speichers beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2650",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit / Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the rocker arm switching actuator B on bank 1. The second valve lift mode cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den Schalt-Aktuator des Kipphebels B an Bank 1 nicht bedienen. Der zweite Ventilhub-Modus kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_b_b1",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in oil control valve",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Öl-Steuerventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2651",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator System Performance/Stuck Off Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B System Leistung/festsitzend aus Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rocker arm actuator B on bank 1 is commanded to engage but does not switch. Engine stays in the wrong lift or cylinder mode under load.",
        "de": "Der Kipphebel-Aktuator B an Bank 1 wird zur Einrückung angefordert, schaltet aber nicht um. Der Motor bleibt unter Last im falschen Hub- oder Zylindermodus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_b_b1",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure cannot move the actuator",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck kann den Aktuator nicht bewegen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical lock pin stuck in unactivated position",
            "de": "Mechanischer Verriegelungsstift in nicht aktivierter Position festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2652",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator System Stuck On Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B System dauerhaft an Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rocker arm actuator B on bank 1 stays in the activated state when commanded off. Engine cannot return to the alternate lift or cylinder mode.",
        "de": "Der Kipphebel-Aktuator B an Bank 1 bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der Motor kann nicht in den anderen Hub- oder Zylindermodus zurückkehren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_b_b1",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lock_pin_stuck_engaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical lock pin stuck in activated position",
            "de": "Mechanischer Verriegelungsstift in aktivierter Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve spool stuck open",
            "de": "Schieber des Öl-Steuerventils offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2653",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the rocker arm actuator B control line on bank 1 is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kipphebel-Aktuators B an Bank 1 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_b_b1",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2654",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Steuerkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the rocker arm actuator B control line on bank 1 is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kipphebel-Aktuators B an Bank 1 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_b_b1",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2655",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit / Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the rocker arm switching actuator A on bank 2. The valve lift mode cannot be switched on this bank.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den Schalt-Aktuator des Kipphebels A an Bank 2 nicht bedienen. Der Ventilhub-Modus kann an dieser Bank nicht umgeschaltet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_a_b2",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in oil control valve",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Öl-Steuerventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2656",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator System Performance/Stuck Off Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A System Leistung/festsitzend aus Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rocker arm actuator A on bank 2 is commanded to engage but does not switch. Engine stays in the wrong lift mode under load on this bank.",
        "de": "Der Kipphebel-Aktuator A an Bank 2 wird zur Einrückung angefordert, schaltet aber nicht um. Der Motor bleibt unter Last im falschen Hub-Modus an dieser Bank."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_a_b2",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure cannot move the actuator",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck kann den Aktuator nicht bewegen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical lock pin stuck in unactivated position",
            "de": "Mechanischer Verriegelungsstift in nicht aktivierter Position festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2657",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator System Stuck On Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A System dauerhaft an Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rocker arm actuator A on bank 2 stays in the activated state when commanded off.",
        "de": "Der Kipphebel-Aktuator A an Bank 2 bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_a_b2",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lock_pin_stuck_engaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical lock pin stuck in activated position",
            "de": "Mechanischer Verriegelungsstift in aktivierter Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve spool stuck open",
            "de": "Schieber des Öl-Steuerventils offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2658",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the rocker arm actuator A control line on bank 2 is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kipphebel-Aktuators A an Bank 2 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_a_b2",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2659",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Steuerkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the rocker arm actuator A control line on bank 2 is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kipphebel-Aktuators A an Bank 2 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_a_b2",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P265A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Positionssensor Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor that confirms the B rocker arm switching state on bank 1 returns no usable signal.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor zur Bestätigung des Schaltzustands des Kipphebels B an Bank 1 liefert kein nutzbares Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P265B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor reading does not transition cleanly between the two valve lift modes for actuator B on bank 1.",
        "de": "Der Wert des Positionssensors wechselt nicht sauber zwischen den beiden Ventilhubmodi für Aktuator B an Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_b_b1",
        "actuator_mechanism"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal drift after thermal aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift nach thermischer Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mechanism_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn lock pin reduces travel between modes",
            "de": "Verschlissener Verriegelungsstift verringert den Hub zwischen den Modi"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P265C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal for actuator B on bank 1 is below the lower diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal für Aktuator B an Bank 1 liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P265D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal for actuator B on bank 1 is above the upper diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal für Aktuator B an Bank 1 liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P265E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 1",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unregelmäßig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal for actuator B on bank 1 jumps or drops out intermittently. Usually a loose connector or a chafed wire.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal für Aktuator B an Bank 1 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus. Meist ein lockerer Stecker oder eine gescheuerte Leitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against valve cover",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Ventildeckel gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P265F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Variable A/C Compressor Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Verstellkompressor Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The variable-displacement A/C compressor control valve does not respond to commands within tolerance. Refrigerant flow regulation is degraded so cabin temperature varies or efficiency drops.",
        "de": "Das Steuerventil des Verstellkompressors reagiert nicht innerhalb der Toleranz auf Befehle. Die Kältemittel-Regelung ist beeinträchtigt, die Innenraumtemperatur schwankt oder der Wirkungsgrad fällt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_control_valve",
        "ac_compressor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "control_valve_sticky",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control valve spool sticky from oil residue",
            "de": "Steuerventil-Schieber durch Ölrückstände hängend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des Solenoids driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2660",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit / Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the rocker arm switching actuator B on bank 2.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den Schalt-Aktuator des Kipphebels B an Bank 2 nicht bedienen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_b_b2",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in oil control valve",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Öl-Steuerventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2661",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator System Performance/Stuck Off Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B System Leistung/festsitzend aus Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rocker arm actuator B on bank 2 is commanded to engage but does not switch.",
        "de": "Der Kipphebel-Aktuator B an Bank 2 wird zur Einrückung angefordert, schaltet aber nicht um."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_b_b2",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "oil_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure cannot move the actuator",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck kann den Aktuator nicht bewegen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical lock pin stuck in unactivated position",
            "de": "Mechanischer Verriegelungsstift in nicht aktivierter Position festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2662",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator System Stuck On Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B System dauerhaft an Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rocker arm actuator B on bank 2 stays in the activated state when commanded off.",
        "de": "Der Kipphebel-Aktuator B an Bank 2 bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_b_b2",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lock_pin_stuck_engaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical lock pin stuck in activated position",
            "de": "Mechanischer Verriegelungsstift in aktivierter Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ocv_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve spool stuck open",
            "de": "Schieber des Öl-Steuerventils offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2663",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the rocker arm actuator B control line on bank 2 is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kipphebel-Aktuators B an Bank 2 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_b_b2",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2664",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Steuerkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the rocker arm actuator B control line on bank 2 is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kipphebel-Aktuators B an Bank 2 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_actuator_b_b2",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2665",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Shutoff Valve B Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Absperrventil B Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the secondary fuel shutoff valve. Engine cannot be commanded off through this path during a safety event.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann das zweite Kraftstoff-Absperrventil nicht ansteuern. Der Motor kann bei einem Sicherheitsereignis über diesen Pfad nicht abgeschaltet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_shutoff_valve_b",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in shutoff valve",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Absperrventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2666",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Shutoff Valve B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Absperrventil B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the secondary fuel shutoff valve control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des zweiten Kraftstoff-Absperrventils liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_shutoff_valve_b",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2667",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Shutoff Valve B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Absperrventil B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the secondary fuel shutoff valve control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des zweiten Kraftstoff-Absperrventils liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_shutoff_valve_b",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2668",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Mode Indicator Lamp Control Circuit",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmodus-Anzeigeleuchte Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel mode indicator lamp circuit (showing whether a bi-fuel vehicle currently runs on gasoline or alternative fuel) is faulty. Driver may not know the active fuel.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis der Kraftstoffmodus-Anzeigeleuchte (zeigt an, ob ein Bi-Fuel-Fahrzeug aktuell mit Benzin oder Alternativkraftstoff läuft) ist gestört. Der Fahrer sieht möglicherweise den aktiven Kraftstoff nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_mode_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bulb_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt-out indicator bulb",
            "de": "Defekte Anzeigeleuchte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted wire to the cluster",
            "de": "Offene oder kurzgeschlossene Leitung zum Kombi"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2669",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage B Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Aktuator-Versorgungsspannung B Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second power feed used to supply actuators (relays, solenoids, motor drivers) is open. All loads on this rail are powerless and report follow-on faults.",
        "de": "Die zweite Versorgungsleitung für Aktuatoren (Relais, Solenoide, Motortreiber) ist offen. Alle Verbraucher an dieser Schiene sind spannungslos und melden Folgefehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_b",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blown fuse on the supply rail",
            "de": "Defekte Sicherung an der Versorgungsschiene"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken supply wire from main relay",
            "de": "Gebrochene Versorgungsleitung vom Hauptrelais"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P266A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Positionssensor Stromkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor that confirms the A rocker arm switching state on bank 2 returns no usable signal.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor zur Bestätigung des Schaltzustands des Kipphebels A an Bank 2 liefert kein nutzbares Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_a_b2",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P266B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor reading does not transition cleanly between the two valve lift modes for actuator A on bank 2.",
        "de": "Der Wert des Positionssensors wechselt nicht sauber zwischen den beiden Ventilhubmodi für Aktuator A an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_a_b2",
        "actuator_mechanism"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal drift after thermal aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift nach thermischer Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mechanism_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn lock pin reduces travel between modes",
            "de": "Verschlissener Verriegelungsstift verringert den Hub zwischen den Modi"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P266C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal for actuator A on bank 2 is below the lower diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal für Aktuator A an Bank 2 liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_a_b2",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P266D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal for actuator A on bank 2 is above the upper diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal für Aktuator A an Bank 2 liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_a_b2",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P266E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator A Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unregelmäßig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal for actuator A on bank 2 jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal für Aktuator A an Bank 2 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_a_b2",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against valve cover",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Ventildeckel gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P266F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve A Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Klimaanlagen-Kältemittel-Verteilventil A Treiberstrom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver stage for the A/C refrigerant distribution valve A is in current limit or over-temperature. Sustained overload from a partially shorted load or excessive switching frequency.",
        "de": "Die Treiberstufe des A/C-Verteilventils A ist in Strombegrenzung oder Übertemperatur. Anhaltende Überlast durch teilweise kurzgeschlossene Last oder zu hohe Schaltfrequenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_distribution_valve_a",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial short in valve coil",
            "de": "Teilweiser Kurzschluss in der Ventil-Spule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "overheating_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module overheating from poor cooling",
            "de": "Modul-Überhitzung durch schlechte Kühlung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2670",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktuator-Versorgungsspannung B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to actuator group B (e.g. solenoids, valves driven by ECU) is below the calibrated threshold. The affected actuators may be slow or unable to switch.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung der Aktuatorgruppe B (z. B. Magnetventile, von der ECU angesteuerte Ventile) liegt unter dem kalibrierten Schwellenwert. Die betroffenen Aktoren schalten zu langsam oder gar nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_relay",
        "main_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Faulty supply relay",
            "de": "Defektes Versorgungsrelais"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2671",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage B Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktuator-Versorgungsspannung B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second actuator supply rail is above the expected voltage. Likely a charging system overvoltage or a short to a higher-voltage source.",
        "de": "Die zweite Aktuator-Versorgungsschiene liegt über der erwarteten Spannung. Vermutlich Überspannung im Ladesystem oder Kurzschluss zu einer höheren Spannungsquelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_b",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failure",
            "de": "Defekt am Lichtmaschinen-Regler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_higher_supply",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to a higher-voltage circuit",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2672",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Timing Offset",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Förderbeginn-Offset"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-pressure injection pump timing is offset from the expected reference. On distributor pumps with a timing solenoid, the actuator does not match the commanded position.",
        "de": "Der Förderbeginn der Hochdruck-Einspritzpumpe ist gegenüber der Sollreferenz versetzt. Bei Verteilerpumpen mit Spritzversteller-Solenoid stimmt der Stellweg nicht mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump",
        "timing_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_actuator_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn timing actuator piston or seal",
            "de": "Verschlissener Versteller-Kolben oder Dichtung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_drive_chain",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stretched pump drive chain or belt",
            "de": "Gelängte Pumpenantriebskette oder Riemen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2673",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Timing Calibration Not Learned",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Förderbeginn-Kalibrierung nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injection pump timing learning routine did not complete successfully. Without learned values, injection timing runs from default tables and combustion is suboptimal.",
        "de": "Die Lernroutine für den Förderbeginn der Einspritzpumpe konnte nicht erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden. Ohne gelernte Werte arbeitet die Einspritzzeit aus Standardtabellen, die Verbrennung ist suboptimal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "learning_aborted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Learning routine aborted by other DTC or unstable conditions",
            "de": "Lernzyklus durch anderen DTC oder instabile Bedingungen abgebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "timing_actuator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Timing actuator drift outside learning window",
            "de": "Versteller-Drift außerhalb des Lernfensters"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2674",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Calibration Not Learned",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Mengenkalibrierung nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injection pump fuel quantity calibration did not complete successfully. Without learned fuel calibration, AFR runs from default tables and emissions or smoke can rise.",
        "de": "Die Mengenkalibrierung der Einspritzpumpe wurde nicht erfolgreich abgeschlossen. Ohne gelernte Mengenkalibrierung arbeitet die AFR aus Standardtabellen, Emissionen oder Rauch können zunehmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump",
        "control_module",
        "fuel_quantity_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "learning_aborted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Learning routine aborted by other DTC or unstable conditions",
            "de": "Lernzyklus durch anderen DTC oder instabile Bedingungen abgebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quantity solenoid drift outside learning window",
            "de": "Mengen-Solenoid-Drift außerhalb des Lernfensters"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2675",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Cleaner Inlet Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Luftfilter-Einlass Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the air cleaner inlet control valve (warm-air or snorkel switching for cold-start emissions). Stuck in default position so cold-start fueling is sub-optimal.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann das Luftfilter-Einlassventil (Warmluft- oder Schnorchel-Umschaltung für Kaltstart-Emissionen) nicht ansteuern. Bleibt in Standardstellung stehen, der Kaltstart läuft suboptimal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_cleaner_inlet_valve",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in inlet valve solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Einlassventil-Solenoids"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2676",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Cleaner Inlet Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Luftfilter-Einlass Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the air cleaner inlet valve control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Luftfilter-Einlassventils liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_cleaner_inlet_valve",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2677",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Cleaner Inlet Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Luftfilter-Einlass Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the air cleaner inlet valve control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Luftfilter-Einlassventils liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_cleaner_inlet_valve",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2678",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Degassing Valve Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Entgasungsventil Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the coolant degassing valve. Air pockets in the cooling system can form and cause local overheating.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann das Kühlmittel-Entgasungsventil nicht ansteuern. Luftpolster im Kühlsystem können entstehen und zu lokaler Überhitzung führen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_degassing_valve",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in degassing valve",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Entgasungsventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2679",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Degassing Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Entgasungsventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the coolant degassing valve control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kühlmittel-Entgasungsventils liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_degassing_valve",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P267A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Positionssensor Stromkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor that confirms the B rocker arm switching state on bank 2 returns no usable signal.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor zur Bestätigung des Schaltzustands des Kipphebels B an Bank 2 liefert kein nutzbares Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P267B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor reading does not transition cleanly between the two valve lift modes for actuator B on bank 2.",
        "de": "Der Wert des Positionssensors wechselt nicht sauber zwischen den beiden Ventilhubmodi für Aktuator B an Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_b_b2",
        "actuator_mechanism"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal drift after thermal aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift nach thermischer Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mechanism_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn lock pin reduces travel between modes",
            "de": "Verschlissener Verriegelungsstift verringert den Hub zwischen den Modi"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P267C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal for actuator B on bank 2 is below the lower diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal für Aktuator B an Bank 2 liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P267D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal for actuator B on bank 2 is above the upper diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal für Aktuator B an Bank 2 liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P267E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Rocker Arm Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic Bank 2",
        "de": "Kipphebel-Aktuator B Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unregelmäßig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal for actuator B on bank 2 jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal für Aktuator B an Bank 2 springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_position_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against valve cover",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Ventildeckel gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P267F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Steuergerät interner Temperatursensor A Stromkreis sporadisch/unregelmäßig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal temperature sensor of the control module shows intermittent jumps or dropouts. Module thermal protection may falsely activate or fail to activate when needed.",
        "de": "Der interne Temperatursensor des Steuergeräts zeigt sporadische Sprünge oder Ausfälle. Der thermische Schutz kann fälschlich aktivieren oder bei Bedarf nicht ansprechen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "internal_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_solder_joint",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked solder joint at internal sensor",
            "de": "Gerissene Lötstelle am internen Sensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "emi_interference",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electromagnetic interference on sensor trace",
            "de": "Elektromagnetische Störung auf der Sensor-Leiterbahn"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2680",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Degassing Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Entgasungsventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the coolant degassing valve control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kühlmittel-Entgasungsventils liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_degassing_valve",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2681",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the engine coolant bypass valve A. The valve usually routes coolant around the radiator during warm-up; without it warm-up takes longer and emissions during the warm-up phase rise.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann das Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A nicht ansteuern. Das Ventil leitet Kühlmittel während der Warmlaufphase üblicherweise am Kühler vorbei; ohne es dauert die Warmlaufphase länger und Emissionen darin steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in bypass valve solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Bypass-Ventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2682",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the coolant bypass valve A control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2683",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the coolant bypass valve A control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils A liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2684",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage C Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Aktuator-Versorgungsspannung C Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third actuator supply rail is open. All loads on this rail are powerless and report follow-on faults.",
        "de": "Die dritte Aktuator-Versorgungsschiene ist offen. Alle Verbraucher an dieser Schiene sind spannungslos und melden Folgefehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_c",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blown fuse on the supply rail",
            "de": "Defekte Sicherung an der Versorgungsschiene"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken supply wire from main relay",
            "de": "Gebrochene Versorgungsleitung vom Hauptrelais"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2685",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktuator-Versorgungsspannung C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third actuator supply rail is below the expected voltage. Battery weakness, blown fuse, or excessive current draw collapses the supply.",
        "de": "Die dritte Aktuator-Versorgungsschiene liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung. Batterieschwäche, defekte Sicherung oder übermäßiger Stromverbrauch lassen die Versorgung einbrechen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_c",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load on the rail shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verbraucher an der Schiene mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "battery_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery condition causes voltage to drop",
            "de": "Batteriezustand führt zu Spannungsabfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2686",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage C Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktuator-Versorgungsspannung C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third actuator supply rail is above the expected voltage. Likely a charging system overvoltage or a short to a higher-voltage source.",
        "de": "Die dritte Aktuator-Versorgungsschiene liegt über der erwarteten Spannung. Vermutlich Überspannung im Ladesystem oder Kurzschluss zu einer höheren Spannungsquelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_c",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failure",
            "de": "Defekt am Lichtmaschinen-Regler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_higher_supply",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to a higher-voltage circuit",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2687",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Supply Heater Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Vorwärmer Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the diesel fuel filter or supply line heater. In cold weather diesel waxing can clog the filter.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann den Diesel-Filter- oder Leitungsvorwärmer nicht ansteuern. Bei kalter Witterung kann Paraffinausscheidung im Diesel den Filter zusetzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_supply_heater",
        "heater_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Unterbrechung im Heizelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed heater relay",
            "de": "Defektes Heizrelais"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2688",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Supply Heater Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Vorwärmer Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the fuel supply heater control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kraftstoff-Vorwärmers liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_supply_heater",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay coil short",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in der Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2689",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Supply Heater Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Vorwärmer Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the fuel supply heater control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kraftstoff-Vorwärmers liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_supply_heater",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P268A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Calibration Not Learned/Programmed",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Kalibrierung nicht gelernt/programmiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After injector replacement the engine controller did not receive the per-injector flow calibration codes (IMA, ISA, IMV). Cylinder balance and emissions are out of tolerance.",
        "de": "Nach Injektortausch hat das Motorsteuergerät die injektorspezifischen Mengenkalibrier-Codes (IMA, ISA, IMV) nicht erhalten. Zylindergleichlauf und Emissionen liegen außerhalb der Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "codes_not_programmed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector calibration codes not entered after replacement",
            "de": "Injektor-Kalibriercodes nach Tausch nicht eingegeben"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wrong_codes_programmed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong codes entered for the wrong cylinder positions",
            "de": "Falsche Codes für falsche Zylinderpositionen eingegeben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P268B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Pressure Fuel Pump Calibration Not Learned/Programmed",
        "de": "Hochdruck-Kraftstoffpumpe Kalibrierung nicht gelernt/programmiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After high-pressure pump replacement the engine controller did not receive the pump-specific calibration data. Rail pressure regulation runs from default values.",
        "de": "Nach Hochdruckpumpentausch hat das Motorsteuergerät die pumpenspezifischen Kalibrierdaten nicht erhalten. Die Raildruckregelung arbeitet mit Standardwerten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "high_pressure_pump",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "codes_not_programmed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump calibration codes not entered after replacement",
            "de": "Pumpen-Kalibriercodes nach Tausch nicht eingegeben"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "programming_aborted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Programming session aborted before completion",
            "de": "Programmiersitzung vor Abschluss abgebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P268C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Injektor Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flow calibration data programmed for cylinder 1 injector does not match the format expected by the controller software. Calibration was applied for the wrong injector type or family.",
        "de": "Die für den Injektor von Zylinder 1 programmierten Mengenkalibrier-Daten passen nicht zum Format, das die Steuergerätesoftware erwartet. Kalibrierung wurde für den falschen Injektortyp oder die falsche Familie aufgespielt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl1",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_injector_part_number",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector has different part number than software expects",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor hat eine andere Teilenummer als von Software erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P268D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Injektor Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flow calibration data programmed for cylinder 2 injector does not match the format expected by the controller software.",
        "de": "Die für den Injektor von Zylinder 2 programmierten Mengenkalibrier-Daten passen nicht zum Format der Steuergerätesoftware."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl2",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_injector_part_number",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector has different part number than software expects",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor hat eine andere Teilenummer als von Software erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P268E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Injektor Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flow calibration data programmed for cylinder 3 injector does not match the format expected by the controller software.",
        "de": "Die für den Injektor von Zylinder 3 programmierten Mengenkalibrier-Daten passen nicht zum Format der Steuergerätesoftware."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl3",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_injector_part_number",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector has different part number than software expects",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor hat eine andere Teilenummer als von Software erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P268F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Injektor Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flow calibration data programmed for cylinder 4 injector does not match the format expected by the controller software.",
        "de": "Die für den Injektor von Zylinder 4 programmierten Mengenkalibrier-Daten passen nicht zum Format der Steuergerätesoftware."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl4",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_injector_part_number",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector has different part number than software expects",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor hat eine andere Teilenummer als von Software erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2690",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Injektor Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flow calibration data programmed for cylinder 5 injector does not match the format expected by the controller software.",
        "de": "Die für den Injektor von Zylinder 5 programmierten Mengenkalibrier-Daten passen nicht zum Format der Steuergerätesoftware."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl5",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_injector_part_number",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector has different part number than software expects",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor hat eine andere Teilenummer als von Software erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2691",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Injektor Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flow calibration data programmed for cylinder 6 injector does not match the format expected by the controller software.",
        "de": "Die für den Injektor von Zylinder 6 programmierten Mengenkalibrier-Daten passen nicht zum Format der Steuergerätesoftware."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl6",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_injector_part_number",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector has different part number than software expects",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor hat eine andere Teilenummer als von Software erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2692",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Injektor Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flow calibration data programmed for cylinder 7 injector does not match the format expected by the controller software.",
        "de": "Die für den Injektor von Zylinder 7 programmierten Mengenkalibrier-Daten passen nicht zum Format der Steuergerätesoftware."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl7",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_injector_part_number",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector has different part number than software expects",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor hat eine andere Teilenummer als von Software erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2693",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Injektor Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flow calibration data programmed for cylinder 8 injector does not match the format expected by the controller software.",
        "de": "Die für den Injektor von Zylinder 8 programmierten Mengenkalibrier-Daten passen nicht zum Format der Steuergerätesoftware."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl8",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_injector_part_number",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector has different part number than software expects",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor hat eine andere Teilenummer als von Software erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2694",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Injektor Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flow calibration data programmed for cylinder 9 injector does not match the format expected by the controller software.",
        "de": "Die für den Injektor von Zylinder 9 programmierten Mengenkalibrier-Daten passen nicht zum Format der Steuergerätesoftware."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl9",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_injector_part_number",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector has different part number than software expects",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor hat eine andere Teilenummer als von Software erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2695",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Injektor Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The flow calibration data programmed for cylinder 10 injector does not match the format expected by the controller software.",
        "de": "Die für den Injektor von Zylinder 10 programmierten Mengenkalibrier-Daten passen nicht zum Format der Steuergerätesoftware."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl10",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_injector_part_number",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector has different part number than software expects",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor hat eine andere Teilenummer als von Software erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2696",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injector Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Injektor-Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic counterpart to the cylinder-specific incompatibility codes. The injector calibration data set as a whole does not match the controller software.",
        "de": "Allgemeines Pendant zu den zylinderspezifischen Inkompatibilitätscodes. Der Injektor-Kalibrier-Datensatz insgesamt passt nicht zur Steuergerätesoftware."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part_set",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement injector set incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Injektor-Satz inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2697",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector A Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Kraftstoffinjektor A Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 7th injector (HC dosing for DPF active regeneration) cannot be driven. Active regeneration cannot raise exhaust temperature, soot accumulates in the DPF.",
        "de": "Der 7. Injektor (HC-Dosierung zur aktiven DPF-Regeneration) kann nicht angesteuert werden. Aktive Regeneration kann die Abgastemperatur nicht anheben, Ruß sammelt sich im DPF."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hc_dosing_injector",
        "injector_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in injector solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Injektor-Solenoids"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2698",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector A Performance",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Kraftstoffinjektor A Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 7th injector responds to commands but does not deliver expected fuel during regeneration. Coking on the nozzle or worn pressure regulation reduces flow.",
        "de": "Der 7. Injektor reagiert auf Befehle, liefert während der Regeneration aber nicht die erwartete Menge. Verkokte Düse oder verschlissene Druckregelung mindert die Förderung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hc_dosing_injector",
        "high_pressure_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nozzle_coking",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coked nozzle restricts fuel delivery",
            "de": "Verkokte Düse drosselt die Kraftstoffabgabe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_regulation",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pressure to the dosing line out of tolerance",
            "de": "Kraftstoffdruck zur Dosierleitung außerhalb der Toleranz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2699",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Kraftstoffinjektor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the 7th injector control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des 7. Injektors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hc_dosing_injector",
        "injector_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in injector coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Injektor-Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P269A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fuel Injector A Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Kraftstoffinjektor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the 7th injector control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open solenoid coil.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des 7. Injektors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Solenoidspule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hc_dosing_injector",
        "injector_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open injector coil",
            "de": "Offene Injektor-Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P269B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Glow Plug Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line for the aftertreatment glow plug (used on some diesels to ignite injected HC during DPF regeneration) is open. Active regeneration cannot start.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung der Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze (bei manchen Dieseln zur Zündung des eingespritzten HC während der DPF-Regeneration) ist offen. Die aktive Regeneration kann nicht starten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_glow_plug",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in glow plug control relay",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Steuerrelais"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P269C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Glow Plug Control Performance",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze Steuerleistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The aftertreatment glow plug control responds to commands but the resulting current draw is out of tolerance. Worn glow plug or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Die Ansteuerung der Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze reagiert, der entstehende Strom ist aber außerhalb der Toleranz. Verschlissene Glühkerze oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_glow_plug",
        "relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn glow plug element raises resistance",
            "de": "Verschlissenes Glühelement erhöht Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded connector at glow plug",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker an der Glühkerze"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P269D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Glow Plug Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the aftertreatment glow plug control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_glow_plug",
        "relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay coil short",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in der Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P269E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Glow Plug Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the aftertreatment glow plug control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_glow_plug",
        "relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P269F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Glow Plug Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The aftertreatment glow plug element itself is open. No current flows even with the relay closed.",
        "de": "Das Heizelement der Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze ist selbst offen. Auch bei geschlossenem Relais fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_glow_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_burnout",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow element burnt out from age or HC overload",
            "de": "Heizelement durch Alterung oder HC-Überlast durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "terminal_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded terminal at the plug body",
            "de": "Korrodierte Anschlussklemme am Glühkerzenkörper"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Glow Plug Performance",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The aftertreatment glow plug heats but exhaust temperature does not rise as expected. Combustion of injected HC may not start.",
        "de": "Die Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze heizt, die Abgastemperatur steigt aber nicht wie erwartet. Die Verbrennung des eingespritzten HC startet möglicherweise nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_glow_plug",
        "exhaust_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "glow_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged glow plug heats slowly or unevenly",
            "de": "Gealterte Glühkerze heizt langsam oder ungleichmäßig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hc_supply_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "HC supply from 7th injector below required",
            "de": "HC-Förderung vom 7. Injektor unter dem Sollwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Glow Plug Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The aftertreatment glow plug current is below expected. Either the element is partially open or supply is undersized.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch die Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze liegt unter dem Erwartungswert. Entweder ist das Element teilweise offen oder die Versorgung zu schwach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_glow_plug",
        "supply_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_partial_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial element failure raises resistance",
            "de": "Teilweiser Defekt erhöht den Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage drops under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung bricht unter Last ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment Glow Plug Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The aftertreatment glow plug current is above expected. Internal short reduces resistance.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch die Abgasnachbehandlungs-Glühkerze liegt über dem Erwartungswert. Interner Kurzschluss verringert den Widerstand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aftertreatment_glow_plug"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in the glow plug element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Glühelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage above specification",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung über Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve A responds to commands but the resulting coolant temperature behaviour is not as expected. Possibly stuck partially open or contaminated bore.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A reagiert auf Befehle, das resultierende Temperaturverhalten ist aber nicht wie erwartet. Möglicherweise teilweise offen festsitzend oder verschmutzte Bohrung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_partial_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve partially stuck by sediment",
            "de": "Ventil durch Ablagerungen teilweise festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak return spring fails to close fully",
            "de": "Schwache Rückstellfeder schließt nicht vollständig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor on the coolant bypass valve A returns no usable signal. Closed-loop control of bypass position is lost.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor des Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils A liefert kein nutzbares Signal. Die Lagerückmeldung des Bypass-Ventils geht verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bypass valve A position sensor reading does not correlate with commanded position. Sensor drift or worn linkage.",
        "de": "Der Wert des Positionssensors am Bypass-Ventil A korreliert nicht mit der Sollposition. Sensordrift oder verschlissenes Gestänge."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_position_sensor_a",
        "actuator_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor signal drift after thermal aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift nach thermischer Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn linkage between actuator and valve",
            "de": "Verschleiß im Gestänge zwischen Aktuator und Ventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bypass valve A position sensor signal is below the lower diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal am Bypass-Ventil A liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bypass valve A position sensor signal is above the upper diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal am Bypass-Ventil A liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unregelmäßig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The bypass valve A position sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal am Bypass-Ventil A springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bypass_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed near thermostat housing",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Thermostatgehäuse gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Stop/Minimum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Min-Anschlag Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During self-calibration the bypass valve A position sensor never reached the minimum mechanical stop. The position reference cannot be zeroed.",
        "de": "Während der Selbstkalibrierung wurde der Mindest-Endanschlag am Positionssensor des Bypass-Ventils A nicht erreicht. Der Positionsbezug kann nicht genullt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanical_obstruction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sediment prevents valve from reaching minimum stop",
            "de": "Ablagerungen verhindern den Mindest-Endanschlag"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_misalignment",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not aligned with valve shaft",
            "de": "Sensor nicht zur Ventilwelle ausgerichtet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Maximum Stop Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Max-Anschlag Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During self-calibration the bypass valve A position sensor never reached the maximum mechanical stop.",
        "de": "Während der Selbstkalibrierung wurde der maximale Endanschlag am Positionssensor des Bypass-Ventils A nicht erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanical_obstruction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sediment prevents valve from reaching maximum stop",
            "de": "Ablagerungen verhindern den Max-Endanschlag"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_misalignment",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not aligned with valve shaft",
            "de": "Sensor nicht zur Ventilwelle ausgerichtet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Stuck/Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A festsitzend/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve A is stuck in the open position. Coolant always bypasses the radiator, leading to overheating under load.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A ist in der Offen-Position festsitzend. Das Kühlmittel umgeht den Kühler immer, unter Last folgt Überhitzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized open by sediment or wax",
            "de": "Ventil offen festsitzend durch Ablagerungen oder Wachs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken return spring",
            "de": "Gebrochene Rückstellfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the second coolant bypass valve. The associated cooling sub-loop cannot be regulated.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann das zweite Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil nicht ansteuern. Der zugehörige Teilkühlkreis kann nicht geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in bypass valve solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Bypass-Ventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the second coolant bypass valve control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des zweiten Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the second coolant bypass valve control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des zweiten Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Stuck/Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B festsitzend/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second coolant bypass valve is stuck in the open position. Coolant always bypasses the second radiator path.",
        "de": "Das zweite Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil ist in der Offen-Position festsitzend. Kühlmittel umgeht immer den zweiten Kühlerpfad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized open by sediment",
            "de": "Ventil offen festsitzend durch Ablagerungen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken return spring",
            "de": "Gebrochene Rückstellfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second coolant bypass valve responds to commands but the resulting coolant temperature behaviour is not as expected.",
        "de": "Das zweite Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil reagiert auf Befehle, das resultierende Temperaturverhalten ist aber nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_partial_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve partially stuck by sediment",
            "de": "Ventil durch Ablagerungen teilweise festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak return spring fails to close fully",
            "de": "Schwache Rückstellfeder schließt nicht vollständig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A festsitzend geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant bypass valve A is stuck closed. Coolant cannot bypass the radiator during warm-up so warm-up takes longer and emissions in the warm-up phase rise.",
        "de": "Das Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil A ist geschlossen festsitzend. Während der Warmlaufphase kann das Kühlmittel den Kühler nicht umgehen, die Warmlaufphase dauert länger und Emissionen darin steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized closed by debris",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festsitzend durch Schmutz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator linkage jammed in closed position",
            "de": "Aktuator-Gestänge in Geschlossen-Position verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B festsitzend geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second coolant bypass valve is stuck closed.",
        "de": "Das zweite Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil ist geschlossen festsitzend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized closed by debris",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festsitzend durch Schmutz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator linkage jammed in closed position",
            "de": "Aktuator-Gestänge in Geschlossen-Position verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Shutoff Valve A Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Absperrventil A Steuerkreis Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first fuel shutoff valve is commanded on but does not open. Fuel cannot reach the engine via this path.",
        "de": "Das erste Kraftstoff-Absperrventil wird angesteuert, öffnet aber nicht. Kraftstoff erreicht über diesen Pfad nicht den Motor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_shutoff_valve_a",
        "solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized closed by debris",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festsitzend durch Schmutz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid loses force from coil aging",
            "de": "Solenoid verliert Kraft durch Spulenalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Shutoff Valve A Control Circuit Stuck On",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Absperrventil A Steuerkreis dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first fuel shutoff valve stays open when commanded closed. Fuel cannot be cut off via this path during a safety event.",
        "de": "Das erste Kraftstoff-Absperrventil bleibt offen, auch wenn die Schließanforderung aktiv ist. Kraftstoff kann bei einem Sicherheitsereignis über diesen Pfad nicht unterbrochen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_shutoff_valve_a",
        "solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized open by debris",
            "de": "Ventil offen festsitzend durch Schmutz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver stuck on",
            "de": "ECU-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Shutoff Valve B Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Absperrventil B Steuerkreis Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second fuel shutoff valve is commanded on but does not open.",
        "de": "Das zweite Kraftstoff-Absperrventil wird angesteuert, öffnet aber nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_shutoff_valve_b",
        "solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized closed by debris",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festsitzend durch Schmutz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid loses force from coil aging",
            "de": "Solenoid verliert Kraft durch Spulenalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Shutoff Valve B Control Circuit Stuck On",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Absperrventil B Steuerkreis dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second fuel shutoff valve stays open when commanded closed.",
        "de": "Das zweite Kraftstoff-Absperrventil bleibt offen, auch wenn die Schließanforderung aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_shutoff_valve_b",
        "solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized open by debris",
            "de": "Ventil offen festsitzend durch Schmutz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver stuck on",
            "de": "ECU-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil C Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the third coolant bypass valve.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann das dritte Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in bypass valve solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Bypass-Ventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the third coolant bypass valve control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des dritten Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the third coolant bypass valve control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des dritten Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Stuck/Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil C festsitzend/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third coolant bypass valve is stuck open.",
        "de": "Das dritte Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil ist offen festsitzend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized open by sediment",
            "de": "Ventil offen festsitzend durch Ablagerungen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken return spring",
            "de": "Gebrochene Rückstellfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third coolant bypass valve responds to commands but the resulting coolant temperature behaviour is not as expected.",
        "de": "Das dritte Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil reagiert auf Befehle, das resultierende Temperaturverhalten ist aber nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_partial_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve partially stuck by sediment",
            "de": "Ventil durch Ablagerungen teilweise festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak return spring fails to close fully",
            "de": "Schwache Rückstellfeder schließt nicht vollständig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil C festsitzend geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third coolant bypass valve is stuck closed.",
        "de": "Das dritte Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil ist geschlossen festsitzend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized closed by debris",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festsitzend durch Schmutz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator linkage jammed in closed position",
            "de": "Aktuator-Gestänge in Geschlossen-Position verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve D Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the fourth coolant bypass valve.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann das vierte Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_d",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in bypass valve solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Bypass-Ventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve D Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the fourth coolant bypass valve control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des vierten Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_d",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve D Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the fourth coolant bypass valve control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des vierten Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_d",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve D Stuck/Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D festsitzend/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth coolant bypass valve is stuck open.",
        "de": "Das vierte Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil ist offen festsitzend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_d",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized open by sediment",
            "de": "Ventil offen festsitzend durch Ablagerungen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_broken",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken return spring",
            "de": "Gebrochene Rückstellfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve D Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth coolant bypass valve responds to commands but the resulting coolant temperature behaviour is not as expected.",
        "de": "Das vierte Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil reagiert auf Befehle, das resultierende Temperaturverhalten ist aber nicht wie erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_d",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_partial_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve partially stuck by sediment",
            "de": "Ventil durch Ablagerungen teilweise festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak return spring fails to close fully",
            "de": "Schwache Rückstellfeder schließt nicht vollständig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve D Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D festsitzend geschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth coolant bypass valve is stuck closed.",
        "de": "Das vierte Kühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil ist geschlossen festsitzend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_d",
        "thermostat_housing"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized closed by debris",
            "de": "Ventil geschlossen festsitzend durch Schmutz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator linkage jammed in closed position",
            "de": "Aktuator-Gestänge in Geschlossen-Position verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Transmission Range Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät interner Getriebebereichssensor Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal transmission range sensor inside the control module (used for redundancy on shift-by-wire systems) does not match the external sensor reading.",
        "de": "Der interne Getriebebereichssensor im Steuergerät (für Redundanz bei Shift-by-Wire-Systemen) stimmt nicht mit dem externen Sensor überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "external_range_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor drift",
            "de": "Interner Sensor driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "external_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "External range sensor drift",
            "de": "Externer Bereichssensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Clutch Pedal Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät interner Kupplungspedal-Eingang Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal clutch pedal interpretation logic in the control module does not match the external clutch switch state. Manual transmission start interlock or stop-start enable can misbehave.",
        "de": "Die interne Kupplungspedal-Auswertelogik im Steuergerät stimmt nicht mit dem externen Kupplungsschalter überein. Anlassersperre oder Start-Stopp-Freigabe bei Schaltgetriebe kann fehlschlagen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "clutch_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "External clutch switch drift",
            "de": "Externer Kupplungsschalter driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "signal_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal corruption between switch and ECU",
            "de": "Signalstörung zwischen Schalter und Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve A Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Abgasstrom-Steuerventil A Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the exhaust flow control valve A (used for exhaust acoustics, EGR boost, or aftertreatment heating).",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann das Abgasstrom-Steuerventil A (für Abgasakustik, AGR-Unterstützung oder Abgasheizung) nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_valve_a",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in valve solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Ventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasstrom-Steuerventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the exhaust flow control valve A control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Abgasstrom-Steuerventils A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_valve_a",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasstrom-Steuerventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the exhaust flow control valve A control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Abgasstrom-Steuerventils A liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_valve_a",
        "solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Chassis Control Module 1 Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Fahrwerksteuergerät 1 fordert Anzeige der Motorkontrollleuchte"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A chassis control module (typically active suspension, AWD coupling, or steering controller) has signalled an emissions-relevant fault and requested the engine controller to switch on the MIL.",
        "de": "Ein Fahrwerksteuergerät (meist Aktive Federung, AWD-Kupplung oder Lenkungssteuergerät) meldet einen abgasrelevanten Fehler und fordert das Motorsteuergerät auf, die MIL einzuschalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_control_module_1",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chassis_dtc",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Active DTC stored in the chassis module",
            "de": "Aktiver Fehlercode im Fahrwerksteuergerät hinterlegt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_message_loss",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication loss interpreted as MIL request",
            "de": "Kommunikationsausfall wird als MIL-Anforderung gewertet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Chassis Control Module 2 Requested MIL Illumination",
        "de": "Fahrwerksteuergerät 2 fordert Anzeige der Motorkontrollleuchte"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A second chassis control module has signalled an emissions-relevant fault and requested the engine controller to switch on the MIL.",
        "de": "Ein zweites Fahrwerksteuergerät meldet einen abgasrelevanten Fehler und fordert das Motorsteuergerät auf, die MIL einzuschalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_control_module_2",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chassis_dtc",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Active DTC stored in the chassis module",
            "de": "Aktiver Fehlercode im Fahrwerksteuergerät hinterlegt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_message_loss",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication loss interpreted as MIL request",
            "de": "Kommunikationsausfall wird als MIL-Anforderung gewertet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the main electric coolant pump. Without flow the engine and aftertreatment will overheat under load.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann die Haupt-Kühlmittelpumpe nicht ansteuern. Ohne Umlauf überhitzen Motor und Abgasnachbehandlung unter Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump",
        "pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpenmotor-Wicklung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire to the pump",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zur Pumpe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The main electric coolant pump is commanded on but does not run.",
        "de": "Die Haupt-Kühlmittelpumpe wird angefordert, läuft aber nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump",
        "pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor seized by sediment",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor durch Ablagerungen festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked rotor magnet decouples drive",
            "de": "Gerissener Rotormagnet entkoppelt den Antrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the engine coolant pump control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Motor-Kühlmittelpumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding short",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in der Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the engine coolant pump control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Motor-Kühlmittelpumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Overspeed/Air In System",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant pump speed feedback is higher than the commanded value with no resistance from coolant. Indicates air in the cooling loop or low coolant level so the pump spins free.",
        "de": "Die Drehzahlrückmeldung der Pumpe liegt über dem Sollwert ohne Widerstand vom Kühlmittel. Hinweis auf Luft im Kühlkreis oder niedrigen Kühlmittelstand, die Pumpe läuft frei."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump",
        "cooling_system",
        "coolant_reservoir"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_coolant",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low coolant level due to leak or improper fill",
            "de": "Niedriger Kühlmittelstand durch Leckage oder unsachgemäße Befüllung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket trapped in the cooling loop",
            "de": "Luftpolster im Kühlkreis eingeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Control Module System Voltage",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Steuermodul Bordnetzspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The integrated controller of the smart coolant pump reports a system voltage out of operating range.",
        "de": "Der integrierte Controller der intelligenten Kühlmittelpumpe meldet eine Bordnetzspannung außerhalb des Betriebsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "smart_coolant_pump_module",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery sags voltage under pump load",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie lässt Spannung unter Pumpenlast einbrechen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator output out of regulation",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenausgang außerhalb der Regelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Control Module System Voltage Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Steuermodul Bordnetzspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The smart coolant pump module reports the system voltage below operating range. Pump output is reduced or disabled to protect the module.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul der intelligenten Kühlmittelpumpe meldet die Bordnetzspannung unterhalb des Betriebsbereichs. Die Pumpenleistung wird reduziert oder abgeschaltet zum Schutz des Moduls."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "smart_coolant_pump_module",
        "charging_system",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery sags voltage under load",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie lässt Spannung unter Last einbrechen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator output below regulation point",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenausgang unter Regelpunkt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Control Module System Voltage High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Steuermodul Bordnetzspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The smart coolant pump module reports the system voltage above operating range. Pump output is reduced or disabled to protect the module.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul der intelligenten Kühlmittelpumpe meldet die Bordnetzspannung oberhalb des Betriebsbereichs. Die Pumpenleistung wird reduziert oder abgeschaltet zum Schutz des Moduls."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "smart_coolant_pump_module",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed to limit output",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinen-Regler begrenzt die Spannung nicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_dump",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load dump transient after disconnecting a heavy load",
            "de": "Lastabwurf-Transiente nach Trennen einer großen Last"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Control Module Over Temperature",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The smart coolant pump controller has reached over-temperature. Sustained high duty or insufficient cooling air flow.",
        "de": "Der intelligente Kühlmittelpumpen-Controller hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht. Anhaltend hohe Last oder unzureichende Kühlluftströmung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "smart_coolant_pump_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_duty_cycle",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high duty cycle from cooling demand",
            "de": "Anhaltend hoher Tastgrad aus dem Kühlbedarf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling air channel blocked by debris",
            "de": "Kühlluftkanal durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated supply voltage line to the coolant pump module is faulty. Pump cannot operate without battery feed.",
        "de": "Die dedizierte Versorgungsspannungs-Leitung zum Pumpenmodul ist gestört. Die Pumpe kann ohne Batteriespeisung nicht arbeiten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "smart_coolant_pump_module",
        "supply_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blown fuse on supply line",
            "de": "Defekte Sicherung an der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in supply harness",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Versorgungs-Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated supply voltage to the coolant pump module is below operating range.",
        "de": "Die dedizierte Versorgungsspannung zum Pumpenmodul liegt unterhalb des Betriebsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "smart_coolant_pump_module",
        "supply_circuit",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance battery feed",
            "de": "Hochohmige Batteriezuleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "battery_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery sags under pump current",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie bricht unter Pumpenstrom ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated supply voltage to the coolant pump module is above operating range.",
        "de": "Die dedizierte Versorgungsspannung zum Pumpenmodul liegt oberhalb des Betriebsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "smart_coolant_pump_module",
        "supply_circuit",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed to limit output",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinen-Regler begrenzt die Spannung nicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_higher_supply",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to a higher-voltage circuit",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Clutch Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Kupplung Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The mechanical clutch on a belt-driven coolant pump (used to disengage the pump for fast warm-up) cannot be driven. Pump always engaged so warm-up takes longer.",
        "de": "Die mechanische Kupplung einer riemengetriebenen Kühlmittelpumpe (zur Pumpenabkopplung für schnelle Warmlaufphase) kann nicht angesteuert werden. Pumpe ist immer eingekuppelt, Warmlaufphase dauert länger."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_clutch",
        "clutch_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in clutch solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule der Kupplung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Clutch Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Kupplung Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant pump clutch is commanded on but does not engage. Coolant flow is missing under load, leading to overheating.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpen-Kupplung wird angefordert, kuppelt aber nicht ein. Unter Last fehlt der Kühlmittelumlauf, Überhitzung folgt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_clutch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_air_gap_too_large",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn friction surfaces enlarge air gap",
            "de": "Verschlissene Reibflächen vergrößern den Luftspalt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak solenoid magnetic force",
            "de": "Schwache Magnetkraft des Solenoids"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Clutch Stuck On",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Kupplung dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant pump clutch remains engaged when commanded off. Pump runs continuously, slowing warm-up and increasing parasitic load.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpen-Kupplung bleibt eingekuppelt, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Pumpe läuft dauerhaft, Warmlaufphase verzögert sich und Verlustleistung steigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_clutch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "armature_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Armature plate seized to the pulley face",
            "de": "Ankerscheibe an der Riemenscheibenfläche festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on keeps clutch energised",
            "de": "Festsitzende Endstufe hält Kupplung dauerhaft bestromt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Clutch Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Kupplung Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the coolant pump clutch control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Kühlmittelpumpen-Kupplung liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_clutch",
        "clutch_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in clutch coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Kupplungsspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Clutch Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Kupplung Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the coolant pump clutch control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Kühlmittelpumpen-Kupplung liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_clutch",
        "clutch_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open clutch coil",
            "de": "Offene Kupplungsspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26DB",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Sound Control A Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Motor-Soundgenerator A Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active engine sound generator A (Active Sound Design or AVAS — Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System for EV/hybrid) cannot be driven. EV pedestrian warning sound or sport-mode engine sound is missing.",
        "de": "Der aktive Motor-Soundgenerator A (Active Sound Design oder AVAS — Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System für EV/Hybrid) kann nicht angesteuert werden. EV-Fußgängerwarnung oder Sportmodus-Motorsound fehlt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sound_amplifier",
        "speaker",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "amplifier_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open output stage in the sound amplifier",
            "de": "Offene Ausgangsstufe im Soundverstärker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire to amplifier",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zum Verstärker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26DC",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Sound Control A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Soundgenerator A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the sound generator A control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Soundgenerators A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sound_amplifier",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_stage_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Amplifier input stage short",
            "de": "Eingangsstufe des Verstärkers kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26DD",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Sound Control A Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Soundgenerator A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the sound generator A control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Soundgenerators A liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sound_amplifier",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_stage_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Amplifier input stage open",
            "de": "Eingangsstufe des Verstärkers offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26DE",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Sound Control A Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Soundgenerator A Stromkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sound generator A circuit responds to commands but the resulting acoustic feedback is not as expected. Speaker damage or feedback path noise.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Soundgenerators A reagiert, das resultierende akustische Feedback entspricht nicht der Erwartung. Lautsprecherschaden oder Störung im Rückführungspfad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sound_amplifier",
        "speaker",
        "feedback_microphone"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "speaker_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Speaker cone damaged or coil shorted",
            "de": "Lautsprechermembran beschädigt oder Spule kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_mic_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback microphone drifts",
            "de": "Rückführungsmikrofon driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply D Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgungsspannung D Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 5 V supply rail D for sensors is open. All sensors fed from this rail report invalid readings.",
        "de": "Die 5-V-Versorgungsschiene D für Sensoren ist offen. Alle Sensoren an dieser Schiene liefern ungültige Werte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "sensor_supply_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open wire on the supply rail",
            "de": "Unterbrechung der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecu_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open inside the ECU regulator output",
            "de": "Offen innerhalb des ECU-Reglerausgangs"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply D Circuit Low",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgungsspannung D Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 5 V supply rail D is below the expected level.",
        "de": "Die 5-V-Versorgungsschiene D liegt unter dem erwarteten Pegel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "sensor_supply_d",
        "sensors_on_rail_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor on the rail shorted internally to ground",
            "de": "Sensor an der Schiene intern mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sensor Power Supply D Circuit High",
        "de": "Sensor-Versorgungsspannung D Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 5 V supply rail D is above the expected level.",
        "de": "Die 5-V-Versorgungsschiene D liegt über dem erwarteten Pegel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "sensor_supply_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference wire shorted to a B+ supply",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal 5 V regulator failed",
            "de": "Interner 5-V-Regler defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Mode Indicator Lamp Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmodus-Anzeigeleuchte Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the fuel mode indicator lamp control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Kraftstoffmodus-Anzeigeleuchte liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_mode_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bulb driver internally shorted",
            "de": "Lampentreiber intern kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Mode Indicator Lamp Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffmodus-Anzeigeleuchte Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the fuel mode indicator lamp control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der Kraftstoffmodus-Anzeigeleuchte liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_mode_lamp",
        "instrument_cluster",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bulb_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burnt-out indicator bulb",
            "de": "Defekte Anzeigeleuchte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay B Circuit",
        "de": "Anlasserrelais B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the secondary starter relay (used on twin-starter heavy diesels or stop-start systems with a dedicated stop-start starter) returns no usable signal.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des zweiten Anlasserrelais (bei Doppel-Anlasser-Schwer-Dieseln oder Start-Stopp-Systemen mit dediziertem Start-Stopp-Anlasser) liefert kein nutzbares Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in the relay",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Relais"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Anlasserrelais B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the secondary starter relay control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des zweiten Anlasserrelais liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in relay coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay B Circuit High",
        "de": "Anlasserrelais B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the secondary starter relay control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des zweiten Anlasserrelais liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage D Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Aktuator-Versorgungsspannung D Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth actuator supply rail is open. All loads on this rail are powerless and report follow-on faults.",
        "de": "Die vierte Aktuator-Versorgungsschiene ist offen. Alle Verbraucher an dieser Schiene sind spannungslos und melden Folgefehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_d",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blown fuse on the supply rail",
            "de": "Defekte Sicherung an der Versorgungsschiene"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken supply wire from main relay",
            "de": "Gebrochene Versorgungsleitung vom Hauptrelais"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage D Circuit Low",
        "de": "Aktuator-Versorgungsspannung D Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth actuator supply rail is below the expected voltage.",
        "de": "Die vierte Aktuator-Versorgungsschiene liegt unter der erwarteten Spannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_d",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load on the rail shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verbraucher an der Schiene mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "battery_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery condition causes voltage to drop",
            "de": "Batteriezustand führt zu Spannungsabfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Actuator Supply Voltage D Circuit High",
        "de": "Aktuator-Versorgungsspannung D Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth actuator supply rail is above the expected voltage.",
        "de": "Die vierte Aktuator-Versorgungsschiene liegt über der erwarteten Spannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "actuator_supply_d",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failure",
            "de": "Defekt am Lichtmaschinen-Regler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_higher_supply",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to a higher-voltage circuit",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Control Module B",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in the second fuel pump control module (smart pump controller, separate from the ECU). Internal self-test failed or communication with the ECU is degraded.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im zweiten Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuermodul (intelligenter Pumpencontroller, getrennt vom Steuergerät). Interner Selbsttest fehlgeschlagen oder die Kommunikation mit dem Steuergerät ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_b",
        "communication_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal fault in the pump module",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Pumpenmodul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_communication",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus communication errors with ECU",
            "de": "Bus-Kommunikationsfehler zum Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Control Module System Voltage",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Steuergerät Bordnetzspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The alternative fuel control module reports a system voltage out of operating range. CNG, LPG, or hydrogen fuelling can be disabled until voltage is in spec.",
        "de": "Das Alternativkraftstoff-Steuergerät meldet eine Bordnetzspannung außerhalb des Betriebsbereichs. CNG, LPG oder Wasserstoff-Betrieb kann deaktiviert werden, bis die Spannung im Sollbereich ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_control_module",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery sags voltage under load",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie lässt Spannung unter Last einbrechen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator output out of regulation",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenausgang außerhalb der Regelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26EC",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Sound Control B Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Motor-Soundgenerator B Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second active sound generator (B) cannot be driven.",
        "de": "Der zweite aktive Soundgenerator (B) kann nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sound_amplifier_b",
        "speaker",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "amplifier_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open output stage in the sound amplifier",
            "de": "Offene Ausgangsstufe im Soundverstärker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire to amplifier",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zum Verstärker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26ED",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Sound Control B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Soundgenerator B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the sound generator B control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Soundgenerators B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sound_amplifier_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_stage_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Amplifier input stage short",
            "de": "Eingangsstufe des Verstärkers kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26EE",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Sound Control B Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Soundgenerator B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the sound generator B control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Soundgenerators B liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sound_amplifier_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_stage_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Amplifier input stage open",
            "de": "Eingangsstufe des Verstärkers offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26EF",
      "category": "body",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Sound Control B Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Soundgenerator B Stromkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sound generator B circuit responds but the resulting acoustic feedback is not as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Soundgenerators B reagiert, das resultierende akustische Feedback entspricht nicht der Erwartung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sound_amplifier_b",
        "speaker",
        "feedback_microphone"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "speaker_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Speaker cone damaged or coil shorted",
            "de": "Lautsprechermembran beschädigt oder Spule kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_mic_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback microphone drifts",
            "de": "Rückführungsmikrofon driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay A Stuck On",
        "de": "Anlasserrelais A dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first starter relay stays closed when commanded off. Starter motor remains engaged after the engine is running, which can destroy the starter pinion or ring gear.",
        "de": "Das erste Anlasserrelais bleibt geschlossen, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der Anlasser bleibt nach dem Motorstart eingerückt, was Ritzel oder Anlasserkranz zerstören kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_a",
        "starter_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_contacts_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts welded shut by inrush current",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte durch Einschaltstrom verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver stuck on",
            "de": "ECU-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay A Stuck Off",
        "de": "Anlasserrelais A dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first starter relay does not close when commanded on. Starter motor cannot crank, the engine will not start.",
        "de": "Das erste Anlasserrelais schließt nicht, wenn es angefordert wird. Der Anlasser dreht nicht, der Motor startet nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_a",
        "starter_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_contacts_burned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burned relay contacts no longer make contact",
            "de": "Verbrannte Relaiskontakte schließen nicht mehr"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay B Stuck On",
        "de": "Anlasserrelais B dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second starter relay stays closed when commanded off. Starter motor B remains engaged after the engine is running, which can destroy the starter pinion or ring gear.",
        "de": "Das zweite Anlasserrelais bleibt geschlossen, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Anlasser B bleibt nach dem Motorstart eingerückt, was Ritzel oder Anlasserkranz zerstören kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_b",
        "starter_motor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_contacts_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts welded shut by inrush current",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte durch Einschaltstrom verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECU output driver stuck on",
            "de": "ECU-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay B Stuck Off",
        "de": "Anlasserrelais B dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second starter relay does not close when commanded on. The associated starter motor cannot crank.",
        "de": "Das zweite Anlasserrelais schließt nicht, wenn es angefordert wird. Der zugehörige Anlasser dreht nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_b",
        "starter_motor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_contacts_burned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Burned relay contacts no longer make contact",
            "de": "Verbrannte Relaiskontakte schließen nicht mehr"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump C Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe C Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the third electric coolant pump. Cooling demand of the connected loop (often hybrid power electronics or battery cooling) is not satisfied.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann die dritte elektrische Kühlmittelpumpe nicht ansteuern. Der Kühlbedarf des zugehörigen Kreises (oft Hybrid-Leistungselektronik oder Batteriekühlung) wird nicht erfüllt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_c",
        "pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpenmotor-Wicklung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire to the pump",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung zur Pumpe"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the third coolant pump control line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a shorted motor winding.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der dritten Kühlmittelpumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder kurzgeschlossene Motorwicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump motor winding",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Pumpenmotor-Wicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the third coolant pump control line is above the expected window. Typical causes are a short to battery or an open motor winding.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der dritten Kühlmittelpumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Typische Ursachen sind Kurzschluss nach Batterie oder offene Motorwicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump C Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe C Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated supply voltage line to the third coolant pump module is faulty. Pump cannot operate without battery feed.",
        "de": "Die dedizierte Versorgungsspannungs-Leitung zum dritten Pumpenmodul ist gestört. Die Pumpe kann ohne Batteriespeisung nicht arbeiten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_c",
        "supply_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blown fuse on supply line",
            "de": "Defekte Sicherung an der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in supply harness",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Versorgungs-Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump C Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe C blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third coolant pump is commanded on but the rotor does not turn. Sediment, frozen coolant, or a foreign object jams the impeller.",
        "de": "Die dritte Kühlmittelpumpe wird angefordert, der Rotor dreht aber nicht. Ablagerungen, gefrorenes Kühlmittel oder Fremdkörper blockieren das Laufrad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_c",
        "cooling_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Impeller jammed by sediment or debris",
            "de": "Laufrad durch Ablagerungen oder Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor seized by bearing failure",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor durch Lagerschaden festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump C Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe C Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The smart controller of the third coolant pump has reached over-temperature. Sustained high duty or insufficient cooling air flow around the pump electronics.",
        "de": "Der intelligente Controller der dritten Kühlmittelpumpe hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht. Anhaltend hohe Last oder unzureichende Kühlluftströmung um die Pumpenelektronik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_c_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_duty_cycle",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high duty cycle from cooling demand",
            "de": "Anhaltend hoher Tastgrad aus dem Kühlbedarf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling air channel around pump blocked by debris",
            "de": "Kühlluftkanal um die Pumpe durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump C Overspeed/Air in System",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe C Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third coolant pump speed feedback is higher than commanded with no resistance from coolant. Indicates air in the cooling loop or low coolant level so the pump spins free.",
        "de": "Die Drehzahlrückmeldung der dritten Pumpe liegt über dem Sollwert ohne Widerstand vom Kühlmittel. Hinweis auf Luft im Kühlkreis oder niedrigen Kühlmittelstand, die Pumpe läuft frei."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_c",
        "cooling_system",
        "coolant_reservoir"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_coolant",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low coolant level due to leak or improper fill",
            "de": "Niedriger Kühlmittelstand durch Leckage oder unsachgemäße Befüllung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket trapped in the cooling loop",
            "de": "Luftpolster im Kühlkreis eingeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolant_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26FB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Stuck Closed Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass-Steuerung geschlossen festsitzend Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR cooler bypass valve on bank 1 is stuck in the closed position. EGR gas always passes through the cooler, which slows engine warm-up and can degrade cold-start emissions.",
        "de": "Das AGR-Kühler-Bypass-Ventil an Bank 1 ist geschlossen festsitzend. Das AGR-Gas läuft immer durch den Kühler, was die Warmlaufphase verlangsamt und die Kaltstart-Emissionen verschlechtern kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b1",
        "bypass_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve flap seized closed by soot",
            "de": "Ventilklappe durch Ruß geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator linkage jammed in closed position",
            "de": "Aktuator-Gestänge in Geschlossen-Position verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26FC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Stuck Closed Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass-Steuerung geschlossen festsitzend Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EGR cooler bypass valve on bank 2 is stuck in the closed position. EGR gas always passes through the cooler, slowing engine warm-up and degrading cold-start emissions.",
        "de": "Das AGR-Kühler-Bypass-Ventil an Bank 2 ist geschlossen festsitzend. Das AGR-Gas läuft immer durch den Kühler, was die Warmlaufphase verlangsamt und die Kaltstart-Emissionen verschlechtert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_valve_b2",
        "bypass_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve flap seized closed by soot",
            "de": "Ventilklappe durch Ruß geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator linkage jammed in closed position",
            "de": "Aktuator-Gestänge in Geschlossen-Position verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          250,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26FD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Internal Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Klimakompressor internes Steuermodul Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal control module of an electrically driven A/C compressor (typical on hybrid and BEV vehicles) reports an internal performance fault. Compressor capacity may be reduced or shut down.",
        "de": "Das interne Steuermodul eines elektrisch angetriebenen Klimakompressors (typisch bei Hybrid- und BEV-Fahrzeugen) meldet einen internen Funktionsfehler. Kompressorleistung kann reduziert oder abgeschaltet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electric_ac_compressor",
        "compressor_inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inverter_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal fault in compressor inverter electronics",
            "de": "Interner Fehler in der Kompressor-Wechselrichter-Elektronik"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_error",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software error in compressor control logic",
            "de": "Softwarefehler in der Kompressor-Steuerlogik"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26FE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve A Control Performance",
        "de": "Abgasstrom-Steuerventil A Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve A responds to commands but the resulting flow or back-pressure does not match expectations. Worn flap or carbon coking on the bore.",
        "de": "Das Abgasstrom-Steuerventil A reagiert auf Befehle, der resultierende Durchfluss oder Gegendruck entspricht nicht den Erwartungen. Verschlissene Klappe oder Verkokung in der Bohrung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_valve_a",
        "actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "flap_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve flap loses sealing",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilklappe dichtet nicht mehr"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bore_coked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon coking restricts valve travel",
            "de": "Verkokung verringert den Stellweg"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P26FF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Configuration Throttle Input Not Present Bank 2",
        "de": "Autokonfiguration Drosselklappen-Eingang fehlt Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During controller auto-configuration the expected throttle input on bank 2 was not detected. Configuration cannot complete and the second throttle path cannot be used.",
        "de": "Während der Selbstkonfiguration des Steuergeräts wurde der erwartete Drosselklappen-Eingang an Bank 2 nicht gefunden. Konfiguration kann nicht abgeschlossen werden, der zweite Drosselpfad kann nicht genutzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_b2",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken signal wire from throttle B2",
            "de": "Gebrochene Signalleitung von Drosselklappe B2"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_missing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hardware variant mismatch — sensor not installed",
            "de": "Hardware-Varianten-Mismatch, Sensor nicht verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2700",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element A Apply Time Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebe Reibelement A Schaltzeit Bereich/Plausibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission control module measured an apply time for friction element A (clutch or band) outside the calibrated window. Indicates worn clutch material, low line pressure, or a degrading shift solenoid.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät hat für Reibelement A (Kupplung oder Band) eine Schaltzeit ausserhalb des kalibrierten Fensters gemessen. Hinweis auf verschlissene Reibbeläge, zu geringen Leitungsdruck oder altersschwaches Schaltmagnetventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_clutch_pack",
        "shift_solenoid",
        "transmission_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_pack_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch pack worn",
            "de": "Lamellenkupplung verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shift_solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift solenoid response degraded",
            "de": "Schaltmagnet träge geworden"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "line_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Line pressure too low",
            "de": "Leitungsdruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2701",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element B Apply Time Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement B Zuschaltzeit Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The time required to apply friction element B (a clutch or band inside the automatic transmission) is outside the expected window. Either too long (worn clutch, low pressure) or too short (sticky valve, mis-calibration).",
        "de": "Die Zeit zum Schließen des Reibelements B (Kupplung oder Bremsband im Automatikgetriebe) liegt außerhalb des Erwartungsfensters. Entweder zu lang (verschlissene Kupplung, niedriger Druck) oder zu kurz (klemmendes Ventil, Fehlkalibrierung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_b",
        "hydraulic_control_unit",
        "pressure_control_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn clutch friction plates",
            "de": "Verschlissene Kupplungslamellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure control solenoid drift",
            "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic leak in apply circuit",
            "de": "Interne Hydraulik-Leckage im Schaltkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2702",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element C Apply Time Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement C Zuschaltzeit Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The time required to apply friction element C is outside the expected window. Worn clutch, low pressure, or sticky valve.",
        "de": "Die Zeit zum Schließen des Reibelements C liegt außerhalb des Erwartungsfensters. Verschlissene Kupplung, niedriger Druck oder klemmendes Ventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_c",
        "hydraulic_control_unit",
        "pressure_control_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn clutch friction plates",
            "de": "Verschlissene Kupplungslamellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure control solenoid drift",
            "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic leak in apply circuit",
            "de": "Interne Hydraulik-Leckage im Schaltkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2703",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element D Apply Time Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement D Zuschaltzeit Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The time required to apply friction element D is outside the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Zeit zum Schließen des Reibelements D liegt außerhalb des Erwartungsfensters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_d",
        "hydraulic_control_unit",
        "pressure_control_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn clutch friction plates",
            "de": "Verschlissene Kupplungslamellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure control solenoid drift",
            "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic leak in apply circuit",
            "de": "Interne Hydraulik-Leckage im Schaltkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2704",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element E Apply Time Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement E Zuschaltzeit Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The time required to apply friction element E is outside the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Zeit zum Schließen des Reibelements E liegt außerhalb des Erwartungsfensters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_e",
        "hydraulic_control_unit",
        "pressure_control_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn clutch friction plates",
            "de": "Verschlissene Kupplungslamellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure control solenoid drift",
            "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic leak in apply circuit",
            "de": "Interne Hydraulik-Leckage im Schaltkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2705",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element F Apply Time Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement F Zuschaltzeit Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The time required to apply friction element F is outside the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Zeit zum Schließen des Reibelements F liegt außerhalb des Erwartungsfensters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_f",
        "hydraulic_control_unit",
        "pressure_control_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn clutch friction plates",
            "de": "Verschlissene Kupplungslamellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure control solenoid drift",
            "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic leak in apply circuit",
            "de": "Interne Hydraulik-Leckage im Schaltkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2706",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid F",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in shift solenoid F (the sixth gear-selection solenoid in 6-speed and higher transmissions). Detected through electrical resistance, hydraulic response, or downstream gear engagement check.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Schaltsolenoid F (sechstes Gangwahl-Solenoid in 6-Gang- und höheren Getrieben). Erkannt über elektrischen Widerstand, hydraulische Antwort oder nachgelagerte Gangerkennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_f",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2707",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid F Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid F Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid F is commanded on but does not produce the expected hydraulic response. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic apply circuit blocked.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid F wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht die erwartete hydraulische Antwort. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder hydraulischer Schaltkreis blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_f",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Apply circuit blocked by debris in valve body",
            "de": "Schaltkreis durch Schmutz im Ventilkörper blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2708",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid F Stuck On",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid F dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid F stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected gear stays applied so the transmission cannot shift correctly.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid F bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Gang bleibt eingelegt, das Getriebe kann nicht korrekt schalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_f",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2709",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid F Electrical",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid F elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in shift solenoid F — open or shorted coil, or short to ground/battery in the harness.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Schaltsolenoid F — offene oder kurzgeschlossene Spule oder Kurzschluss nach Masse/Batterie im Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground or battery in the harness",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Batterie im Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P270A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element A Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement A Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Friction element A inside the automatic transmission has reached over-temperature. Excessive slip during shifts or trailer towing burns the clutch.",
        "de": "Das Reibelement A im Automatikgetriebe hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht. Übermäßiger Schlupf bei Schaltvorgängen oder beim Anhängerbetrieb überlastet die Kupplung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_a",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slipping",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive slip due to worn clutch or low pressure",
            "de": "Übermäßiger Schlupf durch verschlissene Kupplung oder niedrigen Druck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted transmission fluid cooler",
            "de": "Verstopfter Getriebeöl-Kühler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_towing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained heavy load such as trailer towing",
            "de": "Anhaltende schwere Last wie Anhängerbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P270B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element B Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement B Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Friction element B inside the automatic transmission has reached over-temperature.",
        "de": "Das Reibelement B im Automatikgetriebe hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_b",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slipping",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive slip due to worn clutch or low pressure",
            "de": "Übermäßiger Schlupf durch verschlissene Kupplung oder niedrigen Druck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted transmission fluid cooler",
            "de": "Verstopfter Getriebeöl-Kühler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_towing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained heavy load such as trailer towing",
            "de": "Anhaltende schwere Last wie Anhängerbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P270C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element C Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement C Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Friction element C inside the automatic transmission has reached over-temperature.",
        "de": "Das Reibelement C im Automatikgetriebe hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_c",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slipping",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive slip due to worn clutch or low pressure",
            "de": "Übermäßiger Schlupf durch verschlissene Kupplung oder niedrigen Druck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted transmission fluid cooler",
            "de": "Verstopfter Getriebeöl-Kühler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_towing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained heavy load such as trailer towing",
            "de": "Anhaltende schwere Last wie Anhängerbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P270D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element D Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement D Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Friction element D inside the automatic transmission has reached over-temperature.",
        "de": "Das Reibelement D im Automatikgetriebe hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_d",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slipping",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive slip due to worn clutch or low pressure",
            "de": "Übermäßiger Schlupf durch verschlissene Kupplung oder niedrigen Druck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted transmission fluid cooler",
            "de": "Verstopfter Getriebeöl-Kühler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_towing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained heavy load such as trailer towing",
            "de": "Anhaltende schwere Last wie Anhängerbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P270E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element E Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement E Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Friction element E inside the automatic transmission has reached over-temperature.",
        "de": "Das Reibelement E im Automatikgetriebe hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_e",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slipping",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive slip due to worn clutch or low pressure",
            "de": "Übermäßiger Schlupf durch verschlissene Kupplung oder niedrigen Druck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted transmission fluid cooler",
            "de": "Verstopfter Getriebeöl-Kühler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_towing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained heavy load such as trailer towing",
            "de": "Anhaltende schwere Last wie Anhängerbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P270F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element F Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement F Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Friction element F inside the automatic transmission has reached over-temperature.",
        "de": "Das Reibelement F im Automatikgetriebe hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_f",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_slipping",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive slip due to worn clutch or low pressure",
            "de": "Übermäßiger Schlupf durch verschlissene Kupplung oder niedrigen Druck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted transmission fluid cooler",
            "de": "Verstopfter Getriebeöl-Kühler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_towing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained heavy load such as trailer towing",
            "de": "Anhaltende schwere Last wie Anhängerbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2710",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Solenoid F Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltsolenoid F sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift solenoid F shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults that come and go. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Schaltsolenoid F zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2711",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Unexpected Mechanical Gear Disengagement",
        "de": "Unerwartetes mechanisches Auskuppeln"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission disengaged mechanically without a corresponding command. The vehicle can free-wheel, which is a safety concern. Often a hydraulic or hardware fault inside the gearbox.",
        "de": "Das Getriebe hat mechanisch ohne entsprechende Anforderung ausgekuppelt. Das Fahrzeug kann frei rollen, das ist sicherheitsrelevant. Oft ein hydraulischer oder Hardware-Fehler im Getriebe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_internal",
        "hydraulic_control_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_release_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch piston seal failure releases gear",
            "de": "Defekte Kupplungskolben-Dichtung löst den Gang"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_pressure_loss",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sudden hydraulic pressure loss",
            "de": "Plötzlicher Druckverlust in der Hydraulik"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2712",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydraulic Power Unit Leakage",
        "de": "Hydraulikaggregat Leckage"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission hydraulic power unit (pump + accumulator) has detected a pressure drop that suggests internal leakage. Pressure cannot be held during shifts.",
        "de": "Das Hydraulikaggregat des Getriebes (Pumpe + Speicher) hat einen Druckabfall erkannt, der auf interne Leckage hinweist. Der Druck kann während der Schaltvorgänge nicht gehalten werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hydraulic_pump",
        "accumulator",
        "valve_body_seals"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn or hardened seals in the valve body",
            "de": "Verschlissene oder verhärtete Dichtungen im Ventilkörper"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn hydraulic pump cannot maintain pressure",
            "de": "Verschlissene Hydraulikpumpe hält den Druck nicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2713",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid D",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in pressure control solenoid D. Detected via electrical resistance, response to commanded duty cycle, or downstream pressure measurement.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid D. Erkannt über elektrischen Widerstand, Reaktion auf Soll-Tastgrad oder nachgelagerte Druckmessung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_d",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2714",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid D Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid D Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid D is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic feed restricted.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid D wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder Hydraulik-Zulauf eingeengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_d",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2715",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid D Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid D dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid D stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected hydraulic circuit stays pressurised.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid D bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Hydraulikkreis bleibt unter Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_d",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2716",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid D Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil D elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on transmission pressure control solenoid D. Hydraulic pressure cannot be modulated as expected, causing harsh or slipping shifts.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergeraet erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Druckregelmagnetventil D des Getriebes. Der Hydraulikdruck kann nicht wie erwartet moduliert werden, was harte oder rutschende Schaltungen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_pressure_solenoid",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2717",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid D Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid D sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid D shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid D zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2718",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid D Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid D Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line to pressure control solenoid D is open. The solenoid cannot be driven.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung zum Druckregel-Solenoid D ist offen. Das Solenoid kann nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2719",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid D Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid D Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid D does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid D stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P271A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Pawl Position Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Park-Sperrklinke Positionssensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor that confirms the park pawl A engagement state reads below the lower diagnostic threshold. Without confirmed park engagement the shift-by-wire controller cannot release the brake hold.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor zur Bestätigung des Eingriffszustands der Park-Sperrklinke A liest unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert. Ohne bestätigten Park-Eingriff kann der Shift-by-Wire-Controller die Bremshalterung nicht lösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_pawl_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P271B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Pawl Position Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Park-Sperrklinke Positionssensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor for park pawl A reads above the upper diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Park-Sperrklinke A liest über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_pawl_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P271C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Pawl Position Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Park-Sperrklinke Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The redundant park pawl position sensor B reads below the lower diagnostic threshold. Redundancy for the park-engagement check is lost.",
        "de": "Der redundante Park-Sperrklinken-Positionssensor B liest unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert. Die Redundanz für die Park-Eingriffsprüfung geht verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_pawl_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P271D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Pawl Position Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Park-Sperrklinke Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The redundant park pawl position sensor B reads above the upper diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Der redundante Park-Sperrklinken-Positionssensor B liest über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_pawl_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P271E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Performance",
        "de": "Getriebe-Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general transmission performance fault. The transmission controller has detected behaviour outside acceptable bounds (slip, shift quality, ratio error) without a more specific cause.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Getriebe-Leistungsfehler. Das Getriebesteuergerät hat ein Verhalten außerhalb der zulässigen Grenzen erkannt (Schlupf, Schaltqualität, Übersetzungsfehler) ohne spezifischere Ursache."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_internal",
        "transmission_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn clutch friction plates",
            "de": "Verschlissene Kupplungslamellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pressure regulation has drifted",
            "de": "Hydraulische Druckregelung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Degraded transmission fluid",
            "de": "Verschlechtertes Getriebeöl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P271F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electronic Gear Shift - Position Not Learned",
        "de": "Elektronische Gangwahl - Position nicht gelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The shift-by-wire controller did not complete the position learning routine for the gear selector. Without learned end stops the controller cannot map selector positions to gear requests.",
        "de": "Der Shift-by-Wire-Controller hat die Positions-Lernroutine für den Wählhebel nicht abgeschlossen. Ohne gelernte Endanschläge kann der Controller die Wählhebel-Positionen nicht den Gangwünschen zuordnen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electronic_shifter",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "learning_aborted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Learning routine aborted by other DTC or low voltage",
            "de": "Lernzyklus durch anderen DTC oder Niederspannung abgebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shifter_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shifter replaced without subsequent learn",
            "de": "Wählhebel getauscht ohne anschließenden Lernlauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2720",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid D Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid D Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid D control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids D liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2721",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid D Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid D Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid D control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids D liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2722",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid E",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in pressure control solenoid E.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_e",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2723",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid E Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregelmagnetventil E klemmt aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects that pressure control solenoid E is stuck in the de-energised position. The corresponding clutch or band cannot be applied, leading to gear slip or loss of certain gears.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergeraet erkennt, dass das Druckregelmagnetventil E in der nicht erregten Stellung festsitzt. Die zugeordnete Kupplung oder Bremse kann nicht eingelegt werden, was zu Gangrutschen oder Gangausfall fuehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_pressure_solenoid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Magnetventil mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contaminated transmission fluid",
            "de": "Verschmutztes Getriebeoel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2724",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid E Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid E dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid E stays in the activated state when commanded off.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid E bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_e",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2725",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid E Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid E elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in pressure control solenoid E — open or shorted coil, or short to ground/battery in the harness.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid E — offene oder kurzgeschlossene Spule oder Kurzschluss nach Masse/Batterie im Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground or battery in the harness",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Batterie im Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2726",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid E Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid E sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid E shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid E zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2727",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid E Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid E Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line to pressure control solenoid E is open. The solenoid cannot be driven.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung zum Druckregel-Solenoid E ist offen. Das Solenoid kann nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2728",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid E Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid E Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid E does not match the commanded value within tolerance.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid E stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2729",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid E Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid E Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid E control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids E liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P272A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Select Motor Control Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebe-Bereichswahl-Motor Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in the transmission range select motor control circuit. The motor that physically moves the gear range selector (P-R-N-D) does not respond correctly.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Steuerkreis des Getriebe-Bereichswahl-Motors. Der Motor, der den Gangbereich (P-R-N-D) physisch bewegt, reagiert nicht korrekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_select_motor",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding open or shorted",
            "de": "Motorwicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted control wire",
            "de": "Offene oder kurzgeschlossene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P272B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Select Motor Control Circuit Current Too High",
        "de": "Getriebe-Bereichswahl-Motor Steuerkreis Strom zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through the range select motor exceeds the limit. Mechanism is binding or shorted.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch den Bereichswahl-Motor überschreitet den Grenzwert. Mechanismus klemmt oder es liegt ein Kurzschluss vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_select_motor",
        "shift_mechanism"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_binding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift mechanism binding from corrosion",
            "de": "Schaltmechanismus durch Korrosion festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in motor winding",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P272C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Pawl Motor Control Circuit",
        "de": "Park-Sperrklinken-Motor Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in the park pawl motor control circuit. The motor that engages or releases the park pawl does not respond correctly.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Steuerkreis des Park-Sperrklinken-Motors. Der Motor, der die Park-Sperrklinke einrückt oder löst, reagiert nicht korrekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_pawl_motor",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_winding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding open or shorted",
            "de": "Motorwicklung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted control wire",
            "de": "Offene oder kurzgeschlossene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P272D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Pawl Motor Control Circuit Current Too High",
        "de": "Park-Sperrklinken-Motor Steuerkreis Strom zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through the park pawl motor exceeds the limit. Park pawl mechanism binding or motor shorted.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch den Park-Sperrklinken-Motor überschreitet den Grenzwert. Sperrklinkenmechanismus klemmt oder Motor kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_pawl_motor",
        "park_pawl_mechanism"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_binding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Park pawl mechanism binding from wear or corrosion",
            "de": "Park-Sperrklinkenmechanismus durch Verschleiß oder Korrosion festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in motor winding",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2730",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid E Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid E Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid E control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids E liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2731",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid F",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in pressure control solenoid F.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_f",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2732",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid F Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid F Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid F is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid F wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_f",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2733",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid F Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid F dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid F stays in the activated state when commanded off.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid F bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_f",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2734",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid F Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid F elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in pressure control solenoid F.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground or battery in the harness",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Batterie im Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2735",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid F Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid F sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid F shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid F zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2736",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid F Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid F Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line to pressure control solenoid F is open.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung zum Druckregel-Solenoid F ist offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2737",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid F Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid F Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid F does not match the commanded value within tolerance.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid F stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2738",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid F Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid F Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid F control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids F liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2739",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid F Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid F Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid F control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids F liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_f",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P273A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element G Apply Time Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement G Zuschaltzeit Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The time required to apply friction element G is outside the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Zeit zum Schließen des Reibelements G liegt außerhalb des Erwartungsfensters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_g",
        "hydraulic_control_unit",
        "pressure_control_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn clutch friction plates",
            "de": "Verschlissene Kupplungslamellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure control solenoid drift",
            "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic leak in apply circuit",
            "de": "Interne Hydraulik-Leckage im Schaltkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P273B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Friction Element H Apply Time Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebe-Reibelement H Zuschaltzeit Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The time required to apply friction element H is outside the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Zeit zum Schließen des Reibelements H liegt außerhalb des Erwartungsfensters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "friction_element_h",
        "hydraulic_control_unit",
        "pressure_control_solenoid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn clutch friction plates",
            "de": "Verschlissene Kupplungslamellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure control solenoid drift",
            "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal hydraulic leak in apply circuit",
            "de": "Interne Hydraulik-Leckage im Schaltkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P273C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module A Supply Voltage Low",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul A Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The shift-by-wire gear shift control module A reports a supply voltage below the operating range.",
        "de": "Das Shift-by-Wire-Gangwahl-Steuermodul A meldet eine Versorgungsspannung unterhalb des Betriebsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_module_a",
        "charging_system",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_weak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery sags voltage under load",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie lässt Spannung unter Last einbrechen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator output below regulation point",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenausgang unter Regelpunkt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P273D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module A Supply Voltage High",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul A Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift control module A reports a supply voltage above the operating range.",
        "de": "Das Gangwahl-Steuermodul A meldet eine Versorgungsspannung oberhalb des Betriebsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_module_a",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed to limit output",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinen-Regler begrenzt die Spannung nicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_dump",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load dump transient after disconnecting a heavy load",
            "de": "Lastabwurf-Transiente nach Trennen einer großen Last"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P273E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module A Over Temperature",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul A Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift control module A has reached over-temperature. Excessive switching activity, sustained high motor load, or insufficient cooling.",
        "de": "Das Gangwahl-Steuermodul A hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht. Übermäßige Schaltaktivität, anhaltend hohe Motorlast oder unzureichende Kühlung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high actuator load",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Aktuator-Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling air channel blocked by debris",
            "de": "Kühlluftkanal durch Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P273F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor B Over Temperature Condition",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor B Übertemperatur erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second transmission fluid temperature sensor reports an over-temperature condition. Transmission fluid is too hot in the area monitored by sensor B.",
        "de": "Der zweite Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor meldet eine Übertemperatur. Das Getriebeöl ist im Bereich von Sensor B zu heiß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_b",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted transmission fluid cooler",
            "de": "Verstopfter Getriebeöl-Kühler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained heavy load such as trailer towing",
            "de": "Anhaltende schwere Last wie Anhängerbetrieb"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_fluid",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low transmission fluid level",
            "de": "Niedriger Getriebeölstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2740",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second transmission fluid temperature sensor returns no usable signal.",
        "de": "Der zweite Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor liefert kein nutzbares Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element or broken sensor wire",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement oder gebrochene Sensorleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2741",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second transmission fluid temperature sensor reading is implausible against engine load and ambient temperature. Drift or stuck signal.",
        "de": "Der Wert des zweiten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors ist gegenüber Motorlast und Umgebungstemperatur unplausibel. Drift oder hängendes Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift after thermal aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift nach thermischer Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "poor_thermal_contact",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not seated properly in the fluid path",
            "de": "Sensor sitzt nicht sauber im Ölfluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2742",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second transmission fluid temperature sensor signal is below the lower diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Signal des zweiten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2743",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second transmission fluid temperature sensor signal is above the upper diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Signal des zweiten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2744",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second transmission fluid temperature sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently. Loose connector or chafed wire.",
        "de": "Das Signal des zweiten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors springt oder fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder gescheuerte Leitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against transmission housing",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Getriebegehäuse gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2745",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intermediate shaft speed sensor B (used for closed-loop ratio control on planetary or DCT gearboxes) returns no usable signal. The controller cannot verify ratio change.",
        "de": "Der Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor B (zur Übersetzungsregelung an Planetengetrieben oder DCT) liefert kein nutzbares Signal. Die Übersetzungsänderung kann nicht verifiziert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element or broken signal wire",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement oder gebrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2746",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intermediate shaft speed sensor B reading is implausible against expected speed from gear ratio and input shaft speed.",
        "de": "Der Wert des Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensors B ist gegenüber der erwarteten Drehzahl aus Übersetzung und Eingangsdrehzahl unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "tone_wheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_wheel_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged tone wheel teeth produce missing pulses",
            "de": "Beschädigte Geberradzähne erzeugen fehlende Impulse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor air gap drift",
            "de": "Sensor-Luftspalt-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2747",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit No Signal",
        "de": "Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intermediate shaft speed sensor B produces no pulses while the shaft is known to be turning.",
        "de": "Der Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor B liefert keine Impulse, obwohl die Welle bekanntermaßen dreht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "tone_wheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_wheel_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone wheel sheared or rotating loose",
            "de": "Geberrad abgeschert oder dreht lose"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed completely",
            "de": "Sensor komplett ausgefallen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2748",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intermediate shaft speed sensor B signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensors B springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against transmission housing",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Getriebegehäuse gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2749",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third intermediate shaft speed sensor returns no usable signal. Used on transmissions with multiple intermediate planetary stages.",
        "de": "Der dritte Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor liefert kein nutzbares Signal. Eingesetzt in Getrieben mit mehreren Vorgelege-Planetenstufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element or broken signal wire",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement oder gebrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P274A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third transmission fluid temperature sensor returns no usable signal.",
        "de": "Der dritte Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor liefert kein nutzbares Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element or broken sensor wire",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement oder gebrochene Sensorleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P274B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third transmission fluid temperature sensor reading is implausible.",
        "de": "Der Wert des dritten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors ist unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift after thermal aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift nach thermischer Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "poor_thermal_contact",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not seated properly in the fluid path",
            "de": "Sensor sitzt nicht sauber im Ölfluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P274C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third transmission fluid temperature sensor signal is below the lower diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Signal des dritten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P274D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third transmission fluid temperature sensor signal is above the upper diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Signal des dritten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P274E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor C Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third transmission fluid temperature sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Signal des dritten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against transmission housing",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Getriebegehäuse gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P274F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor C Over Temperature Condition",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor C Übertemperatur erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third transmission fluid temperature sensor reports an over-temperature condition.",
        "de": "Der dritte Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor meldet eine Übertemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_c",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted transmission fluid cooler",
            "de": "Verstopfter Getriebeöl-Kühler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained heavy load such as trailer towing",
            "de": "Anhaltende schwere Last wie Anhängerbetrieb"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_fluid",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low transmission fluid level",
            "de": "Niedriger Getriebeölstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2750",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third intermediate shaft speed sensor reading is implausible against expected speed from gear ratio and input shaft speed.",
        "de": "Der Wert des dritten Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensors ist gegenüber der erwarteten Drehzahl aus Übersetzung und Eingangsdrehzahl unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_c",
        "tone_wheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_wheel_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged tone wheel teeth produce missing pulses",
            "de": "Beschädigte Geberradzähne erzeugen fehlende Impulse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor air gap drift",
            "de": "Sensor-Luftspalt-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2751",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor C Circuit No Signal",
        "de": "Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor C Stromkreis kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third intermediate shaft speed sensor produces no pulses while the shaft is known to be turning.",
        "de": "Der dritte Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor liefert keine Impulse, obwohl die Welle bekanntermaßen dreht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_c",
        "tone_wheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_wheel_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone wheel sheared or rotating loose",
            "de": "Geberrad abgeschert oder dreht lose"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed completely",
            "de": "Sensor komplett ausgefallen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2752",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor C Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensor C Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third intermediate shaft speed sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Signal des dritten Vorgelegewellen-Drehzahlsensors springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_speed_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against transmission housing",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Getriebegehäuse gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2753",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Cooler Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Kühler Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the transmission fluid cooler control valve or fan. Active cooling cannot be commanded so transmission fluid temperature can rise during heavy use.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann das Steuerventil des Getriebeöl-Kühlers oder den Lüfter nicht ansteuern. Aktive Kühlung kann nicht angefordert werden, die Getriebeöl-Temperatur kann unter schwerer Last steigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_cooler_valve",
        "cooler_fan",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in cooler control solenoid",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spule des Kühler-Steuerventils"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2754",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Cooler Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Kühler Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the transmission fluid cooler control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Getriebeöl-Kühlers liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_cooler_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2755",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Cooler Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Kühler Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the transmission fluid cooler control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Getriebeöl-Kühlers liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_cooler_valve",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2756",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Pressure Control Solenoid",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungs-Druckregel-Solenoid"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in the torque converter clutch (TCC) pressure control solenoid. Lockup feel and slip control are degraded.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid der Wandlerüberbrückungs-Kupplung (TCC). Anbindungsgefühl und Schlupfregelung sind beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_pressure_solenoid",
        "torque_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2757",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Pressure Control Solenoid Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungs-Druckregel-Solenoid Steuerkreis Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCC pressure control solenoid is commanded on but does not produce the expected lockup pressure. TCC stays open or partially engaged.",
        "de": "Das TCC-Druckregel-Solenoid wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Anbindungsdruck. TCC bleibt offen oder nur teilweise geschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_pressure_solenoid",
        "torque_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2758",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Pressure Control Solenoid Control Circuit Stuck On",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungs-Druckregel-Solenoid Steuerkreis dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCC pressure control solenoid stays in the activated state when commanded off. TCC stays locked which can stall the engine on low-speed stops.",
        "de": "Das TCC-Druckregel-Solenoid bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. TCC bleibt geschlossen, was beim Abbremsen den Motor abwürgen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_pressure_solenoid",
        "torque_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2759",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Pressure Control Solenoid Control Circuit Electrical",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungs-Druckregel-Solenoid Steuerkreis elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in the TCC pressure control solenoid — open or shorted coil, or short to ground/battery in the harness.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im TCC-Druckregel-Solenoid — offene oder kurzgeschlossene Spule oder Kurzschluss nach Masse/Batterie im Kabelbaum."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_pressure_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground or battery in the harness",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Batterie im Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P275A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor D Circuit",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth transmission fluid temperature sensor returns no usable signal.",
        "de": "Der vierte Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor liefert kein nutzbares Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element or broken sensor wire",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement oder gebrochene Sensorleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P275B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor D Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth transmission fluid temperature sensor reading is implausible.",
        "de": "Der Wert des vierten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors ist unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift after thermal aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift nach thermischer Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "poor_thermal_contact",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not seated properly in the fluid path",
            "de": "Sensor sitzt nicht sauber im Ölfluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P275C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor D Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth transmission fluid temperature sensor signal is below the lower diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Signal des vierten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors liegt unter dem unteren Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor element",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P275D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor D Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth transmission fluid temperature sensor signal is above the upper diagnostic threshold.",
        "de": "Das Signal des vierten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors liegt über dem oberen Diagnoseschwellwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_reference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to the 5 V reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit 5-V-Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P275E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor D Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth transmission fluid temperature sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Signal des vierten Getriebeöl-Temperatursensors springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against transmission housing",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Getriebegehäuse gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P275F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor D Over Temperature Condition",
        "de": "Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor D Übertemperatur erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth transmission fluid temperature sensor reports an over-temperature condition.",
        "de": "Der vierte Getriebeöl-Temperatursensor meldet eine Übertemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trans_fluid_temp_sensor_d",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted transmission fluid cooler",
            "de": "Verstopfter Getriebeöl-Kühler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heavy_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained heavy load such as trailer towing",
            "de": "Anhaltende schwere Last wie Anhängerbetrieb"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_fluid",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low transmission fluid level",
            "de": "Niedriger Getriebeölstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2760",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Pressure Control Solenoid Control Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungs-Druckregel-Solenoid Steuerkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCC pressure control solenoid shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults.",
        "de": "Das TCC-Druckregel-Solenoid zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_pressure_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2761",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Pressure Control Solenoid Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungs-Druckregel-Solenoid Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line to the TCC pressure control solenoid is open. The solenoid cannot be driven so TCC lockup is unavailable.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung zum TCC-Druckregel-Solenoid ist offen. Das Solenoid kann nicht angesteuert werden, die TCC-Anbindung ist nicht verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_pressure_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2762",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Pressure Control Solenoid Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungs-Druckregel-Solenoid Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through the TCC pressure control solenoid does not match the commanded value within tolerance.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das TCC-Druckregel-Solenoid stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_pressure_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2763",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Pressure Control Solenoid Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungs-Druckregel-Solenoid Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the TCC pressure control solenoid control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des TCC-Druckregel-Solenoids liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_pressure_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2764",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Pressure Control Solenoid Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wandlerüberbrückungs-Druckregel-Solenoid Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the TCC pressure control solenoid control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des TCC-Druckregel-Solenoids liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_pressure_solenoid",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2765",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second input or turbine shaft speed sensor returns no usable signal. Used on transmissions with redundant input speed sensing for closed-loop ratio control.",
        "de": "Der zweite Eingangs- oder Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor liefert kein nutzbares Signal. Eingesetzt bei Getrieben mit redundanter Eingangsdrehzahl-Erfassung für Übersetzungsregelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element or broken signal wire",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement oder gebrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2766",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second input shaft speed sensor reading is implausible against the primary sensor.",
        "de": "Der Wert des zweiten Eingangswellen-Drehzahlsensors ist gegenüber dem Primärsensor unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "tone_wheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_wheel_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged tone wheel teeth",
            "de": "Beschädigte Geberradzähne"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor air gap drift",
            "de": "Sensor-Luftspalt-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2767",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit No Signal",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis kein Signal"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second input shaft speed sensor produces no pulses while the shaft is known to be turning.",
        "de": "Der zweite Eingangswellen-Drehzahlsensor liefert keine Impulse, obwohl die Welle bekanntermaßen dreht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "tone_wheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_wheel_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tone wheel sheared or rotating loose",
            "de": "Geberrad abgeschert oder dreht lose"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed completely",
            "de": "Sensor komplett ausgefallen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2768",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Shaft Speed Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinenwellen-Drehzahlsensor B Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second input shaft speed sensor signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Signal des zweiten Eingangswellen-Drehzahlsensors springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafed against transmission housing",
            "de": "Kabelbaum am Getriebegehäuse gescheuert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2769",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wandlerueberbrueckungs-Magnetventil Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM reads a voltage below threshold on the torque converter clutch (TCC) solenoid control circuit. The TCC may not engage, increasing fuel consumption and converter heat.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergeraet liest am Steuerkreis des Wandlerueberbrueckungs-Magnetventils (TCC) eine Spannung unter dem Schwellenwert. Die Wandlerueberbrueckung kann nicht einrasten, was Verbrauch und Wandlertemperatur erhoeht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_solenoid",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid short",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P276A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Motor Supply Voltage Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Motor-Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor supply line of the second electric or auxiliary transmission fluid pump is open. Pump cannot run, hydraulic pressure is lost during stop-start engine-off events.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Versorgungsleitung der zweiten elektrischen oder Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe ist offen. Pumpe kann nicht laufen, Hydraulikdruck geht im Start-Stopp-Motorhalt verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "supply_circuit",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blown fuse on supply line",
            "de": "Defekte Sicherung an der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken supply wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P276B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Motor Supply Voltage Circuit Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Motor-Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor supply voltage of the second auxiliary transmission fluid pump is below the operating range.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Versorgungsspannung der zweiten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe liegt unterhalb des Betriebsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "supply_circuit",
        "battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance battery feed",
            "de": "Hochohmige Batteriezuleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "battery_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery sags under pump current",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie bricht unter Pumpenstrom ein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P276C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Motor Supply Voltage Circuit High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Motor-Versorgungsspannung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor supply voltage of the second auxiliary transmission fluid pump is above the operating range.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Versorgungsspannung der zweiten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe liegt oberhalb des Betriebsbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "supply_circuit",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed to limit output",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinen-Regler begrenzt die Spannung nicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_higher_supply",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to a higher-voltage circuit",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit höherer Spannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P276D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Motor Current",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Motorstrom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in the motor current measurement of the second auxiliary transmission fluid pump.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler in der Motorstrom-Messung der zweiten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "current_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shunt_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current shunt resistor drift",
            "de": "Drift des Strommess-Widerstands"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in motor circuit",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Motorkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P276E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Motor Current Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Motorstrom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured current of the second auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor is below the lower threshold. Pump may be free-spinning or motor partially open.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Strom des Motors der zweiten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe liegt unter dem unteren Schwellwert. Pumpe läuft möglicherweise frei oder Motor teilweise offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_partial_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Partial winding open in motor",
            "de": "Teilweise offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_uncoupled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller decoupled from motor shaft",
            "de": "Pumpenrad vom Motorwellenantrieb entkoppelt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P276F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Motor Current High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Motorstrom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured current of the second auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor is above the upper threshold. Pump binding or motor shorted.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Strom des Motors der zweiten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe liegt über dem oberen Schwellwert. Pumpe klemmt oder Motor kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_binding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Impeller binding from sediment or wear",
            "de": "Laufrad klemmt durch Ablagerungen oder Verschleiß"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in motor winding",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2770",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid Circuit High",
        "de": "Wandlerueberbrueckungs-Magnetventil Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage on the TCC solenoid control circuit is above the calibrated maximum. Either the wire is shorted to battery voltage or the solenoid coil is open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Steuerkreis des Wandlerueberbrueckungs-Magnetventils liegt oberhalb des kalibrierten Maximalwerts. Entweder ist die Leitung gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen oder die Magnetspule offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcc_solenoid",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_b_plus",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Steuerleitung gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_coil",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Magnetspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2771",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Low Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Allradantrieb (4WD) Low-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 4WD-Low engagement switch circuit is faulty. The transmission and chassis controllers cannot tell whether the transfer case is in low range.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des 4WD-Low-Schalters ist gestört. Getriebe- und Fahrwerksteuergeräte können nicht erkennen, ob das Verteilergetriebe im Geländegang steht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wd_low_switch",
        "transfer_case",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts worn or corroded",
            "de": "Schaltkontakte verschlissen oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken wire to switch",
            "de": "Gebrochene Leitung zum Schalter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2772",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Low Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Allradantrieb (4WD) Low-Schalter Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 4WD-Low switch state is implausible against transfer case position feedback.",
        "de": "Der 4WD-Low-Schaltzustand ist gegenüber der Positionsrückmeldung des Verteilergetriebes unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wd_low_switch",
        "transfer_case"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts drift",
            "de": "Schaltkontakte driften"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "position_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transfer case position sensor drift",
            "de": "Verteilergetriebe-Positionssensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2773",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Low Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Allradantrieb (4WD) Low-Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the 4WD-Low switch line is below the expected window. Usually a short to ground or a stuck-closed switch.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am 4WD-Low-Schalter liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist Masseschluss oder geschlossen festsitzender Schalter."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wd_low_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Schalter in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2774",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Low Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Allradantrieb (4WD) Low-Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the 4WD-Low switch line is above the expected window. Usually an open switch or a short to battery.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am 4WD-Low-Schalter liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Meist offener Schalter oder Kurzschluss nach Batterie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wd_low_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open switch contacts",
            "de": "Offene Schaltkontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Schalterleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2775",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Upshift Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hochschalt-Tipschalter Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upshift switch (paddle or steering-wheel button on Tiptronic-style controls) signal is implausible. Stuck or noisy contacts.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Hochschalt-Tipschalters (Paddle oder Lenkrad-Taste an Tiptronic-Steuerungen) ist unplausibel. Hängende oder verrauschte Kontakte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "upshift_switch",
        "steering_wheel_controls"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contamination on switch contacts",
            "de": "Verschmutzte Schaltkontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn switch contacts",
            "de": "Verschlissene Schaltkontakte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2776",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Upshift Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hochschalt-Tipschalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the upshift switch line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Hochschalt-Tipschalter liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "upshift_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck in pressed position",
            "de": "Schalter in gedrückter Position festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2777",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Upshift Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Hochschalt-Tipschalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the upshift switch line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Hochschalt-Tipschalter liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "upshift_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open switch contacts",
            "de": "Offene Schaltkontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Schalterleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2778",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Upshift Switch Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hochschalt-Tipschalter Stromkreis sporadisch/unregelmäßig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upshift switch signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Hochschalt-Tipschalters springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "upshift_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering wheel connector loose",
            "de": "Lenkrad-Stecker lose"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clock_spring_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wear in steering wheel clock spring contacts",
            "de": "Verschleiß in den Wickelfeder-Kontakten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2779",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Downshift Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Runterschalt-Tipschalter Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downshift switch signal is implausible. Stuck or noisy contacts.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Runterschalt-Tipschalters ist unplausibel. Hängende oder verrauschte Kontakte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "downshift_switch",
        "steering_wheel_controls"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contamination on switch contacts",
            "de": "Verschmutzte Schaltkontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn switch contacts",
            "de": "Verschlissene Schaltkontakte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P277A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Hydraulic Leakage",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Hydraulik-Leckage"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second auxiliary transmission fluid pump cannot maintain pressure even at high duty cycle. Indicates internal hydraulic leakage downstream of the pump.",
        "de": "Die zweite Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe kann auch bei hohem Tastgrad keinen Druck halten. Hinweis auf interne Hydraulik-Leckage nach der Pumpe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "hydraulic_circuit",
        "valve_body_seals"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seal_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn or hardened seals downstream of pump",
            "de": "Verschlissene oder verhärtete Dichtungen nach der Pumpe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bypass_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure relief or bypass valve stuck open",
            "de": "Überdruck- oder Bypass-Ventil offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P277B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Driver Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Treiberkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver stage for the second auxiliary transmission fluid pump does not respond to commands within tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Treiberstufe der zweiten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe reagiert nicht innerhalb der Toleranz auf Befehle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b_driver",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged driver shows degraded switching behaviour",
            "de": "Gealterter Treiber zeigt verschlechtertes Schaltverhalten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_loop_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current feedback loop noisy",
            "de": "Strom-Rückführung verrauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P277C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Motor Stalled",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Motor blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor is commanded on but the rotor does not turn.",
        "de": "Der Motor der zweiten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe wird angesteuert, der Rotor dreht aber nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Impeller jammed by sediment or debris",
            "de": "Laufrad durch Ablagerungen oder Schmutz blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized by bearing failure",
            "de": "Motor durch Lagerschaden festgesetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P277D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Motor Over Temperature",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Motor Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second auxiliary transmission fluid pump motor has reached over-temperature. Sustained high duty or insufficient cooling.",
        "de": "Der Motor der zweiten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht. Anhaltend hohe Last oder unzureichende Kühlung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_duty_cycle",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high duty cycle",
            "de": "Anhaltend hoher Tastgrad"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling air or fluid path blocked",
            "de": "Kühlluft- oder Ölpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P277E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Unexpected Mechanical Gear Disengagement",
        "de": "Kupplung A unerwartetes mechanisches Auskuppeln"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A inside the dual-clutch transmission disengaged mechanically without a corresponding command. The vehicle can free-wheel briefly during the affected gear.",
        "de": "Kupplung A im Doppelkupplungsgetriebe hat mechanisch ohne entsprechende Anforderung ausgekuppelt. Das Fahrzeug kann im betroffenen Gang kurz frei rollen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dual_clutch_a",
        "hydraulic_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_release_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch release piston seal failure",
            "de": "Defekte Dichtung am Kupplungs-Ausrückkolben"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_pressure_loss",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sudden hydraulic pressure loss",
            "de": "Plötzlicher Druckverlust in der Hydraulik"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P277F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Unexpected Mechanical Gear Disengagement",
        "de": "Kupplung B unerwartetes mechanisches Auskuppeln"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B inside the dual-clutch transmission disengaged mechanically without a corresponding command.",
        "de": "Kupplung B im Doppelkupplungsgetriebe hat mechanisch ohne entsprechende Anforderung ausgekuppelt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dual_clutch_b",
        "hydraulic_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_release_failure",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch release piston seal failure",
            "de": "Defekte Dichtung am Kupplungs-Ausrückkolben"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_pressure_loss",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sudden hydraulic pressure loss",
            "de": "Plötzlicher Druckverlust in der Hydraulik"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2780",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Downshift Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Runterschalt-Tipschalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the downshift switch line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Runterschalt-Tipschalter liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "downshift_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck in pressed position",
            "de": "Schalter in gedrückter Position festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2781",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Downshift Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Runterschalt-Tipschalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the downshift switch line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Runterschalt-Tipschalter liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "downshift_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open switch contacts",
            "de": "Offene Schaltkontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Schalterleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2782",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Downshift Switch Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Runterschalt-Tipschalter Stromkreis sporadisch/unregelmäßig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The downshift switch signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Runterschalt-Tipschalters springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "downshift_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering wheel connector loose",
            "de": "Lenkrad-Stecker lose"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clock_spring_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wear in steering wheel clock spring contacts",
            "de": "Verschleiß in den Wickelfeder-Kontakten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2783",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Torque Converter Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Wandler-Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects that torque converter temperature exceeds the calibrated upper limit. Continuous slipping or insufficient cooling causes overheating and risks transmission damage.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergeraet erkennt eine Wandler-Temperatur oberhalb des kalibrierten oberen Grenzwerts. Anhaltendes Schlupfen oder unzureichende Kuehlung fuehrt zur Ueberhitzung und droht das Getriebe zu schaedigen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "torque_converter",
        "transmission_cooler",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_atf_level",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low transmission fluid level",
            "de": "Zu wenig Getriebeoel"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blocked transmission cooler",
            "de": "Verstopfter Getriebekuehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcc_slip",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive TCC slip",
            "de": "Erhoehter TCC-Schlupf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2784",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Input/Turbine Speed Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Eingangs-/Turbinendrehzahl A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The two input or turbine shaft speed sensors A and B do not agree within tolerance. Either sensor may be drifting or missing pulses.",
        "de": "Die beiden Eingangs- oder Turbinendrehzahlsensoren A und B stimmen nicht innerhalb der Toleranz überein. Einer der Sensoren driftet oder verliert Impulse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_a",
        "input_shaft_speed_sensor_b",
        "tone_wheel"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tone_wheel_damaged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Damaged tone wheel teeth",
            "de": "Beschädigte Geberradzähne"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor drifts in air gap or amplitude",
            "de": "Ein Sensor driftet in Luftspalt oder Amplitude"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2785",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Kupplungsaktuator Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch actuator (electromechanical or hydraulic) on an automated manual or DCT transmission has reached over-temperature. Excessive engagement activity (slow clutch driver, hill creeping) overloads the actuator.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungsaktuator (elektromechanisch oder hydraulisch) eines automatisierten Schaltgetriebes oder DCT hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht. Übermäßige Schaltaktivität (langsamer Anfahren, Berghochkriechen) überlastet den Aktuator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_engagement_activity",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained slip during creep or hill hold",
            "de": "Anhaltender Schlupf bei Kriechfahrt oder Berghaltung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling air channel blocked",
            "de": "Kühlluftkanal blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2786",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Actuator Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Gangwechsel-Aktuator Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear shift actuator on an automated manual or DCT transmission has reached over-temperature. Frequent shifting in stop-and-go traffic overloads the actuator.",
        "de": "Der Gangwechsel-Aktuator eines automatisierten Schaltgetriebes oder DCT hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht. Häufiges Schalten im Stop-and-Go-Verkehr überlastet den Aktuator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_actuator",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_shift_activity",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Frequent shifts in stop-and-go traffic",
            "de": "Häufige Schaltvorgänge im Stop-and-Go-Verkehr"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling air channel blocked",
            "de": "Kühlluftkanal blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2787",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Kupplung A Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A in the dual-clutch transmission has reached over-temperature. Sustained slip during launch or hill hold burns the clutch.",
        "de": "Kupplung A im Doppelkupplungsgetriebe hat eine Übertemperatur erreicht. Anhaltender Schlupf beim Anfahren oder am Berg überlastet die Kupplung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dual_clutch_a",
        "cooling_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "launch_slip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive slip during launch",
            "de": "Übermäßiger Schlupf beim Anfahren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_oil_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling oil flow restricted or low level",
            "de": "Kühlölfluss eingeschränkt oder niedriger Stand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2788",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auto Shift Manual Adaptive Learning at Limit",
        "de": "Auto-Shift-Manual Adaptive Lernung am Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive learning that compensates for clutch wear or hydraulic drift in an automated manual transmission has reached its limit. No more compensation is available.",
        "de": "Die adaptive Lernung zur Kompensation von Kupplungsverschleiß oder Hydraulik-Drift in einem automatisierten Schaltgetriebe hat ihren Grenzwert erreicht. Keine weitere Kompensation mehr möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "clutch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_worn_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Kupplung über den Kompensationsbereich hinaus verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pressure regulation has drifted",
            "de": "Hydraulische Druckregelung driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2789",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Adaptive Learning at Limit",
        "de": "Kupplung A Adaptive Lernung am Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive learning that compensates for clutch A engagement point drift in a DCT has reached its limit. Clutch wear is at end of life.",
        "de": "Die adaptive Lernung zur Kompensation der Eingriffspunkt-Drift von Kupplung A in einem DCT hat ihren Grenzwert erreicht. Kupplungsverschleiß am Lebensende."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dual_clutch_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_worn_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Kupplung über den Kompensationsbereich hinaus verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator position drift",
            "de": "Aktuator-Positionsdrift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P278A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Kick Down Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Kickdown-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The kick-down switch (under the accelerator pedal at full travel) circuit is faulty. The transmission cannot detect the driver's full-throttle downshift request.",
        "de": "Der Steuerkreis des Kickdown-Schalters (unter dem Gaspedal am Vollanschlag) ist gestört. Das Getriebe erkennt die Vollgas-Rückschaltanforderung des Fahrers nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "kickdown_switch",
        "accelerator_pedal",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts worn or corroded",
            "de": "Schaltkontakte verschlissen oder korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken wire to switch",
            "de": "Gebrochene Leitung zum Schalter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P278B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Kick Down Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kickdown-Schalter Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The kick-down switch state is implausible against accelerator pedal position.",
        "de": "Der Kickdown-Schaltzustand ist gegenüber der Gaspedalposition unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "kickdown_switch",
        "accelerator_pedal"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch trip point drift",
            "de": "Schalter-Auslösepunkt driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pedal_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Accelerator pedal travel out of spec",
            "de": "Gaspedalweg außerhalb der Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P278C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Kick Down Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kickdown-Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the kick-down switch line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Kickdown-Schalter liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "kickdown_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Schalterleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck closed",
            "de": "Schalter geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P278D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Kick Down Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Kickdown-Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the kick-down switch line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Kickdown-Schalter liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "kickdown_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open switch contacts",
            "de": "Offene Schaltkontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Schalterleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P278E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Kick Down Switch Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Kickdown-Schalter Stromkreis sporadisch/unregelmäßig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The kick-down switch signal jumps or drops out intermittently.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Kickdown-Schalters springt oder fällt sporadisch aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "kickdown_switch",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Schalterstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_contact_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn switch contacts",
            "de": "Verschlissene Schaltkontakte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P278F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Adaptive Learning at Limit",
        "de": "Kupplung B Adaptive Lernung am Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The adaptive learning that compensates for clutch B engagement point drift in a DCT has reached its limit.",
        "de": "Die adaptive Lernung zur Kompensation der Eingriffspunkt-Drift von Kupplung B in einem DCT hat ihren Grenzwert erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dual_clutch_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clutch_worn_out",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Kupplung über den Kompensationsbereich hinaus verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator position drift",
            "de": "Aktuator-Positionsdrift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2790",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Direction Circuit",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Richtungskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gate-select direction circuit on an automated manual or sequential transmission cannot detect which direction the selector is being moved.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Richtungskreis eines automatisierten Schaltgetriebes oder Sequentialgetriebes kann die Bewegungsrichtung des Wählhebels nicht erkennen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_sensor",
        "shifter_assembly",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor or broken signal wire",
            "de": "Offener Sensor oder gebrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2791",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Direction Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Richtungskreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the gate-select direction line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Wählhebel-Richtungskreis liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2792",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gate Select Direction Circuit High",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Richtungskreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the gate-select direction line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Wählhebel-Richtungskreis liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gate_select_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2793",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Direction Circuit",
        "de": "Gangwechsel-Richtungskreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear-shift direction circuit cannot detect the commanded shift direction (up or down) on an automated manual or sequential transmission.",
        "de": "Der Gangwechsel-Richtungskreis kann die angeforderte Schaltrichtung (hoch oder runter) bei einem automatisierten Schaltgetriebe oder Sequentialgetriebe nicht erkennen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_direction_sensor",
        "shifter_assembly",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor or broken signal wire",
            "de": "Offener Sensor oder gebrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2794",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Direction Circuit Low",
        "de": "Gangwechsel-Richtungskreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the gear-shift direction line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Gangwechsel-Richtungskreis liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_direction_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2795",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Direction Circuit High",
        "de": "Gangwechsel-Richtungskreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the gear-shift direction line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am Gangwechsel-Richtungskreis liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_direction_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_manual_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2796",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe A Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the first auxiliary transmission fluid pump. Pressure is lost during stop-start engine-off events.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann die erste Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe nicht ansteuern. Druck geht im Start-Stopp-Motorhalt verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a",
        "pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpenmotor-Wicklung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2797",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe A Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first auxiliary transmission fluid pump is commanded on but does not run.",
        "de": "Die erste Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe wird angesteuert, läuft aber nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a",
        "pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor seized by sediment",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor durch Ablagerungen festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked rotor magnet decouples drive",
            "de": "Gerissener Rotormagnet entkoppelt den Antrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2798",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the first auxiliary transmission fluid pump control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der ersten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding short",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in der Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2799",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the first auxiliary transmission fluid pump control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der ersten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P279A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transfer Case Gear High Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Verteilergetriebe High-Gang falsche Übersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When the transfer case is in High range the measured input/output speed ratio does not match the expected value. Worn chain or planetary set.",
        "de": "Bei eingelegter High-Range im Verteilergetriebe stimmt die gemessene Übersetzung Eingang/Ausgang nicht mit dem Sollwert überein. Verschlissene Kette oder Planetensatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case",
        "planetary_gear_set"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stretched transfer case chain",
            "de": "Gelängte Verteilergetriebe-Kette"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "planetary_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn planetary gear set",
            "de": "Verschlissener Planetensatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P279B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transfer Case Gear Low Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Verteilergetriebe Low-Gang falsche Übersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When the transfer case is in Low range the measured input/output speed ratio does not match the expected value.",
        "de": "Bei eingelegter Low-Range im Verteilergetriebe stimmt die gemessene Übersetzung Eingang/Ausgang nicht mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case",
        "planetary_gear_set"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chain_stretched",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Stretched transfer case chain",
            "de": "Gelängte Verteilergetriebe-Kette"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "planetary_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn planetary gear set",
            "de": "Verschlissener Planetensatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P279C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transfer Case Gear Neutral Incorrect Ratio",
        "de": "Verteilergetriebe Neutral falsche Übersetzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "When the transfer case is in Neutral the measured output speed is not zero or shows unexpected drag.",
        "de": "Bei Verteilergetriebe in Neutral ist die gemessene Ausgangsdrehzahl nicht null oder zeigt unerwarteten Mitlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case",
        "shift_fork"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_fork_misaligned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift fork not fully in neutral position",
            "de": "Schaltgabel nicht vollständig in Neutral-Position"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "drag_torque",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drag torque from contaminated oil",
            "de": "Mitschleppmoment durch verunreinigtes Öl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P279D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Range Signal Circuit",
        "de": "Allradantrieb (4WD) Range-Signal Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 4WD range signal circuit (reporting whether 2H, 4H, 4L is engaged) returns no usable signal.",
        "de": "Der 4WD-Range-Signalkreis (meldet, ob 2H, 4H, 4L eingelegt ist) liefert kein nutzbares Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wd_range_sensor",
        "transfer_case",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open range sensor or broken signal wire",
            "de": "Offener Range-Sensor oder gebrochene Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded sensor connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Sensorstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P279E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Range Signal Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Allradantrieb (4WD) Range-Signal Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 4WD range signal does not match expected value for the commanded transfer case position.",
        "de": "Das 4WD-Range-Signal stimmt nicht mit dem erwarteten Wert für die angeforderte Verteilergetriebe-Position überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wd_range_sensor",
        "transfer_case"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Range sensor signal drift",
            "de": "Range-Sensor-Signal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "shift_motor_partial",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift motor did not fully complete the range change",
            "de": "Schaltmotor hat den Range-Wechsel nicht vollständig ausgeführt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P279F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Range Signal Circuit Low",
        "de": "Allradantrieb (4WD) Range-Signal Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the 4WD range signal line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am 4WD-Range-Signalkreis liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wd_range_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in range sensor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Range-Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Four Wheel Drive (4WD) Range Signal Circuit High",
        "de": "Allradantrieb (4WD) Range-Signal Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the 4WD range signal line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung am 4WD-Range-Signalkreis liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "four_wd_range_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor element",
            "de": "Offenes Sensorelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Stuck On",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe A dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The first auxiliary transmission fluid pump runs even when no command is active.",
        "de": "Die erste Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe läuft, auch wenn keine Anforderung aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_a",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_constant_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a permanent B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Dauerplus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The controller cannot drive the second auxiliary transmission fluid pump.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät kann die zweite Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "pump_relay",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor winding",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpenmotor-Wicklung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second auxiliary transmission fluid pump is commanded on but does not run.",
        "de": "Die zweite Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe wird angesteuert, läuft aber nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "pump_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor seized by sediment",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor durch Ablagerungen festgesetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked rotor magnet decouples drive",
            "de": "Gerissener Rotormagnet entkoppelt den Antrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the second auxiliary transmission fluid pump control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der zweiten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor winding short",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in der Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the second auxiliary transmission fluid pump control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung der zweiten Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Stuck On",
        "de": "Elektrische/Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe B dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second auxiliary transmission fluid pump runs even when no command is active.",
        "de": "Die zweite Hilfs-Getriebeöl-Pumpe läuft, auch wenn keine Anforderung aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_trans_pump_b",
        "control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_constant_supply",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to a permanent B+ supply",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Dauerplus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid A Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid A Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The calibration data programmed for pressure control solenoid A does not match the format expected by the transmission controller. Replacement solenoid uses a different part number or calibration format.",
        "de": "Die für Druckregel-Solenoid A programmierten Kalibrierdaten passen nicht zum Format der Getriebesteuergerät-Software. Ersatz-Solenoid hat eine andere Teilenummer oder Kalibrier-Format."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_solenoid_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement solenoid incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Solenoid inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid B Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid B Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The calibration data programmed for pressure control solenoid B does not match the format expected by the transmission controller.",
        "de": "Die für Druckregel-Solenoid B programmierten Kalibrierdaten passen nicht zum Format der Getriebesteuergerät-Software."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_solenoid_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement solenoid incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Solenoid inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid C Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid C Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The calibration data programmed for pressure control solenoid C does not match the format expected by the transmission controller.",
        "de": "Die für Druckregel-Solenoid C programmierten Kalibrierdaten passen nicht zum Format der Getriebesteuergerät-Software."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_c",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_solenoid_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement solenoid incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Solenoid inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid D Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid D Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The calibration data programmed for pressure control solenoid D does not match the format expected by the transmission controller.",
        "de": "Die für Druckregel-Solenoid D programmierten Kalibrierdaten passen nicht zum Format der Getriebesteuergerät-Software."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_d",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_solenoid_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement solenoid incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Solenoid inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid E Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid E Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The calibration data programmed for pressure control solenoid E does not match the format expected by the transmission controller.",
        "de": "Die für Druckregel-Solenoid E programmierten Kalibrierdaten passen nicht zum Format der Getriebesteuergerät-Software."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_e",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_solenoid_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement solenoid incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Solenoid inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid F Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid F Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The calibration data programmed for pressure control solenoid F does not match the format expected by the transmission controller.",
        "de": "Die für Druckregel-Solenoid F programmierten Kalibrierdaten passen nicht zum Format der Getriebesteuergerät-Software."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_f",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_solenoid_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement solenoid incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Solenoid inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid G Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid G Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The calibration data programmed for pressure control solenoid G does not match the format expected by the transmission controller.",
        "de": "Die für Druckregel-Solenoid G programmierten Kalibrierdaten passen nicht zum Format der Getriebesteuergerät-Software."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_g",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_solenoid_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement solenoid incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Solenoid inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid H Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid H Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The calibration data programmed for pressure control solenoid H does not match the format expected by the transmission controller.",
        "de": "Die für Druckregel-Solenoid H programmierten Kalibrierdaten passen nicht zum Format der Getriebesteuergerät-Software."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_h",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_solenoid_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement solenoid incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Solenoid inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid J Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid J Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The calibration data programmed for pressure control solenoid J does not match the format expected by the transmission controller.",
        "de": "Die für Druckregel-Solenoid J programmierten Kalibrierdaten passen nicht zum Format der Getriebesteuergerät-Software."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_j",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_solenoid_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement solenoid incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Solenoid inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid K Data Incompatible",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid K Daten inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The calibration data programmed for pressure control solenoid K does not match the format expected by the transmission controller.",
        "de": "Die für Druckregel-Solenoid K programmierten Kalibrierdaten passen nicht zum Format der Getriebesteuergerät-Software."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_k",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_solenoid_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Replacement solenoid incompatible with software version",
            "de": "Ersatz-Solenoid inkompatibel mit Software-Version"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "code_format_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration code format does not match controller version",
            "de": "Format des Kalibriercodes passt nicht zur Steuergeräte-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Transmission Range Select Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät interne Getriebebereichswahl Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal range-select interpretation logic in the transmission control module does not match external sensor inputs.",
        "de": "Die interne Bereichswahl-Auswertelogik im Getriebesteuergerät stimmt nicht mit externen Sensor-Eingängen überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "external_range_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_logic_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal logic drift after firmware update",
            "de": "Interne Logik driftet nach Firmware-Update"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "external_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "External range sensor drift",
            "de": "Externer Bereichssensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Transmission Range Control Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät interne Getriebebereichs-Steuerung Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal range-control logic in the transmission control module does not produce the expected commands.",
        "de": "Die interne Bereichssteuerungs-Logik im Getriebesteuergerät erzeugt nicht die erwarteten Befehle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software logic fault",
            "de": "Interner Software-Logik-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "memory_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Memory corruption in TCM",
            "de": "Speicherfehler im TCM"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Transmission Gear Select Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät interne Getriebegangwahl Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal gear-select interpretation logic in the transmission control module does not match external sensor inputs.",
        "de": "Die interne Gangwahl-Auswertelogik im Getriebesteuergerät stimmt nicht mit externen Sensor-Eingängen überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_logic_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal logic drift after firmware update",
            "de": "Interne Logik driftet nach Firmware-Update"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "external_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "External gear-select sensor drift",
            "de": "Externer Gangwahl-Sensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Transmission Gear Direction Control Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät interne Getriebegangrichtung-Steuerung Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal gear-direction control logic in the transmission control module does not produce the expected commands.",
        "de": "Die interne Gangrichtungs-Steuerlogik im Getriebesteuergerät erzeugt nicht die erwarteten Befehle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software logic fault",
            "de": "Interner Software-Logik-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "memory_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Memory corruption in TCM",
            "de": "Speicherfehler im TCM"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Transmission Gear Ratio Control Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät interne Getriebeübersetzungs-Steuerung Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal gear ratio control logic in the transmission control module does not produce the expected commands.",
        "de": "Die interne Übersetzungs-Steuerlogik im Getriebesteuergerät erzeugt nicht die erwarteten Befehle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software logic fault",
            "de": "Interner Software-Logik-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "memory_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Memory corruption in TCM",
            "de": "Speicherfehler im TCM"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Transmission Speed Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät interne Getriebedrehzahlsensor-Auswertung Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal speed sensor processing logic in the transmission control module produces implausible results.",
        "de": "Die interne Drehzahlsensor-Verarbeitungslogik im Getriebesteuergerät liefert unplausible Ergebnisse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm",
        "speed_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal software logic fault",
            "de": "Interner Software-Logik-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "input_capture_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged input capture circuitry drifts",
            "de": "Gealterte Input-Capture-Schaltung driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift-by-wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid N Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid N Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid N is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid N wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_n",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid N Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid N dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid N stays in the activated state when commanded off.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid N bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_n",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid N Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid N elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in pressure control solenoid N.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid N."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_n",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground or battery in the harness",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Batterie im Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid N Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid N sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid N shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid N zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_n",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid N Control Circuit / Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid N Steuerkreis / Unterbrechung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control line to pressure control solenoid N is open.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung zum Druckregel-Solenoid N ist offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_n",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Broken control wire",
            "de": "Gebrochene Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid N Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid N Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid N does not match the commanded value within tolerance.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid N stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_n",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid N Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid N Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid N control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids N liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_n",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid N Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid N Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid N control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids N liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_n",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid P Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid P Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid P is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid P wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_p",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid P Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid P dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid P stays in the activated state when commanded off.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid P bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_p",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid P Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid P elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Electrical fault in pressure control solenoid P.",
        "de": "Elektrischer Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid P."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_p",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground or battery in the harness",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Batterie im Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid P Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid P sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid P shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid P zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_p",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid P Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid P Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit in the control wiring of pressure control solenoid P. No current flows when the solenoid is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids P. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_p",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid P Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid P Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid P does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid P stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_p",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid P Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid P Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid P control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids P liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_p",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid P Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid P Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid P control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids P liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_p",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid R Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid R Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid R is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic feed restricted.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid R wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder Hydraulik-Zulauf eingeengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_r",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid R Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid R dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid R stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected hydraulic circuit stays pressurised.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid R bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Hydraulikkreis bleibt unter Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_r",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid R Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid R elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on transmission pressure control solenoid R. Hydraulic pressure cannot be modulated as expected, causing harsh or slipping shifts.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Druckregel-Solenoid R des Getriebes. Der Hydraulikdruck kann nicht wie erwartet moduliert werden, was harte oder rutschende Schaltungen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_r",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid R Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid R sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid R shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid R zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_r",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid R Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid R Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit in the control wiring of pressure control solenoid R. No current flows when the solenoid is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids R. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_r",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid R Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid R Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid R does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid R stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_r",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid R Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid R Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid R control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids R liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_r",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid R Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid R Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid R control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids R liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_r",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid S Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid S Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid S is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic feed restricted.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid S wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder Hydraulik-Zulauf eingeengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_s",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid S Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid S dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid S stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected hydraulic circuit stays pressurised.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid S bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Hydraulikkreis bleibt unter Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_s",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid S Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid S elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on transmission pressure control solenoid S. Hydraulic pressure cannot be modulated as expected, causing harsh or slipping shifts.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Druckregel-Solenoid S des Getriebes. Der Hydraulikdruck kann nicht wie erwartet moduliert werden, was harte oder rutschende Schaltungen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_s",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid S Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid S sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid S shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid S zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_s",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid S Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid S Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit in the control wiring of pressure control solenoid S. No current flows when the solenoid is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids S. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_s",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid S Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid S Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid S does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid S stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_s",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid S Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid S Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid S control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids S liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_s",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid S Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid S Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid S control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids S liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_s",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid T Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid T Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid T is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic feed restricted.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid T wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder Hydraulik-Zulauf eingeengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_t",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid T Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid T dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid T stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected hydraulic circuit stays pressurised.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid T bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Hydraulikkreis bleibt unter Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_t",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid T Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid T elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on transmission pressure control solenoid T. Hydraulic pressure cannot be modulated as expected, causing harsh or slipping shifts.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Druckregel-Solenoid T des Getriebes. Der Hydraulikdruck kann nicht wie erwartet moduliert werden, was harte oder rutschende Schaltungen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_t",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid T Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid T sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid T shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid T zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_t",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid T Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid T Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit in the control wiring of pressure control solenoid T. No current flows when the solenoid is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids T. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_t",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid T Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid T Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid T does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid T stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_t",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid T Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid T Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid T control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids T liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_t",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid T Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid T Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid T control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids T liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_t",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump A Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe A Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump A produces less pressure than expected for the commanded duty. Pump aging, leakage, or fluid loss.",
        "de": "Die Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe A liefert weniger Druck als bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung erwartet. Pumpenverschleiß, Leckage oder Ölverlust."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_transmission_pump_a",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump worn or leaking internally",
            "de": "Pumpe verschlissen oder intern undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission fluid level low",
            "de": "Getriebeölstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe B Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump B produces less pressure than expected for the commanded duty. Pump aging, leakage, or fluid loss.",
        "de": "Die Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe B liefert weniger Druck als bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung erwartet. Pumpenverschleiß, Leckage oder Ölverlust."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_transmission_pump_b",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump worn or leaking internally",
            "de": "Pumpe verschlissen oder intern undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission fluid level low",
            "de": "Getriebeölstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Valve Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuerventil Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the auxiliary transmission fluid pump control valve reports a circuit/open condition. Pump pressure regulation cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für das Steuerventil der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Pumpendruckregelung kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_transmission_pump_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Valve Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuerventil Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the auxiliary transmission fluid pump control valve reports a circuit range/performance condition. Pump pressure regulation cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für das Steuerventil der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Pumpendruckregelung kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_transmission_pump_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance out of range",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand außerhalb der Toleranz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Valve Circuit Low",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuerventil Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the auxiliary transmission fluid pump control valve reports a circuit low condition. Pump pressure regulation cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für das Steuerventil der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Pumpendruckregelung kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_transmission_pump_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Control Valve Circuit High",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Steuerventil Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the auxiliary transmission fluid pump control valve reports a circuit high condition. Pump pressure regulation cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für das Steuerventil der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Pumpendruckregelung kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_transmission_pump_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung B Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The B-channel actuator of the transmission range control reports a circuit/open condition. Gear-selector mechanical engagement cannot be requested as expected.",
        "de": "Der B-Kanal-Aktuator der Getriebebereichs-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die mechanische Wahlhebelbetätigung kann nicht wie erwartet angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_control_actuator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open coil in range control actuator",
            "de": "Offene Spule im Bereichswahl-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control B Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung B Stromkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The B-channel actuator of the transmission range control reports a circuit performance condition. Gear-selector mechanical engagement cannot be requested as expected.",
        "de": "Der B-Kanal-Aktuator der Getriebebereichs-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Leistung\". Die mechanische Wahlhebelbetätigung kann nicht wie erwartet angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_control_actuator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator responds slower than expected",
            "de": "Aktuator reagiert langsamer als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The B-channel actuator of the transmission range control reports a circuit low condition. Gear-selector mechanical engagement cannot be requested as expected.",
        "de": "Der B-Kanal-Aktuator der Getriebebereichs-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die mechanische Wahlhebelbetätigung kann nicht wie erwartet angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_control_actuator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control B Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The B-channel actuator of the transmission range control reports a circuit high condition. Gear-selector mechanical engagement cannot be requested as expected.",
        "de": "Der B-Kanal-Aktuator der Getriebebereichs-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die mechanische Wahlhebelbetätigung kann nicht wie erwartet angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_control_actuator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control A Position Sensor/Switch Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung A Positionssensor/Schalter Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor or switch of transmission range control channel A reports a circuit/open condition. The TCM cannot verify the actuator position reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor bzw. Schalter des Getriebebereichs-Steuerkanals A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Das Getriebesteuergerät kann die Aktuatorposition nicht zuverlässig prüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Sensor-Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position switch failed open",
            "de": "Positions-Schalter offen ausgefallen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control A Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung A Positionssensor/Schalter Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor or switch of transmission range control channel A reports a circuit range/performance condition. The TCM cannot verify the actuator position reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor bzw. Schalter des Getriebebereichs-Steuerkanals A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Das Getriebesteuergerät kann die Aktuatorposition nicht zuverlässig prüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_dirty_contacts",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dirty or oxidised switch contacts",
            "de": "Verschmutzte oder oxidierte Schalterkontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting misadjusted",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung dejustiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control A Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung A Positionssensor/Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor or switch of transmission range control channel A reports a circuit low condition. The TCM cannot verify the actuator position reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor bzw. Schalter des Getriebebereichs-Steuerkanals A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Das Getriebesteuergerät kann die Aktuatorposition nicht zuverlässig prüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in position sensor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control A Position Sensor/Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung A Positionssensor/Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor or switch of transmission range control channel A reports a circuit high condition. The TCM cannot verify the actuator position reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor bzw. Schalter des Getriebebereichs-Steuerkanals A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Das Getriebesteuergerät kann die Aktuatorposition nicht zuverlässig prüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control B Position Sensor/Switch Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung B Positionssensor/Schalter Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor or switch of transmission range control channel B reports a circuit/open condition. The TCM cannot verify the actuator position reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor bzw. Schalter des Getriebebereichs-Steuerkanals B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Das Getriebesteuergerät kann die Aktuatorposition nicht zuverlässig prüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Sensor-Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position switch failed open",
            "de": "Positions-Schalter offen ausgefallen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control B Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung B Positionssensor/Schalter Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor or switch of transmission range control channel B reports a circuit range/performance condition. The TCM cannot verify the actuator position reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor bzw. Schalter des Getriebebereichs-Steuerkanals B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Das Getriebesteuergerät kann die Aktuatorposition nicht zuverlässig prüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_dirty_contacts",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dirty or oxidised switch contacts",
            "de": "Verschmutzte oder oxidierte Schalterkontakte"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting misadjusted",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung dejustiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control B Position Sensor/Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung B Positionssensor/Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor or switch of transmission range control channel B reports a circuit low condition. The TCM cannot verify the actuator position reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor bzw. Schalter des Getriebebereichs-Steuerkanals B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Das Getriebesteuergerät kann die Aktuatorposition nicht zuverlässig prüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in position sensor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Control B Position Sensor/Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Steuerung B Positionssensor/Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor or switch of transmission range control channel B reports a circuit high condition. The TCM cannot verify the actuator position reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor bzw. Schalter des Getriebebereichs-Steuerkanals B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Das Getriebesteuergerät kann die Aktuatorposition nicht zuverlässig prüfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "range_control_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Kupplung B Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The transmission control unit measures clutch B temperature above the safe operating threshold. Repeated slip events or excessive load have heated the clutch pack.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät misst eine Temperatur der Kupplung B oberhalb des sicheren Betriebsbereichs. Wiederholte Schlupfereignisse oder hohe Last haben das Kupplungspaket erhitzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "excessive_slip",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive clutch slip during launches",
            "de": "Übermäßiger Kupplungsschlupf beim Anfahren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_degraded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Degraded transmission fluid lowers heat capacity",
            "de": "Verschlechtertes Getriebeöl senkt die Wärmekapazität"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Lock Solenoid/Actuator A Performance/Stuck On",
        "de": "Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid/-Aktuator A Leistung/festsitzend an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The shift lock solenoid for selector lever A stays engaged when release is commanded. Driver cannot move the selector out of Park or away from the locked gate.",
        "de": "Das Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid für Schalthebel A bleibt eingerückt, obwohl die Freigabe angefordert wurde. Der Fahrer kann den Wahlhebel nicht aus der Park-Position oder aus der gesperrten Schaltgasse bewegen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_lock_solenoid_a",
        "shift_lock_actuator_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock actuator mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Sperraktuator mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control driver stuck on",
            "de": "Steuer-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P27F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Lock Solenoid/Actuator A Stuck Off",
        "de": "Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid/-Aktuator A festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The shift lock solenoid for selector lever A does not engage when commanded. The selector can be moved without the safety interlock active.",
        "de": "Das Wahlhebel-Sperrsolenoid für Schalthebel A rückt bei Anforderung nicht ein. Der Wahlhebel lässt sich ohne aktive Sicherheitsverriegelung bewegen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_lock_solenoid_a",
        "shift_lock_actuator_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lock actuator failed mechanically",
            "de": "Sperraktuator mechanisch defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2800",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor B Circuit (PRNDL Input)",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Sensor B Stromkreis (PRNDL-Eingang)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an invalid PRNDL signal pattern from transmission range sensor B. The selected gear position cannot be determined reliably from the B-channel.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt ein ungültiges PRNDL-Signalmuster vom Getriebebereichs-Sensor B. Die gewählte Wählhebelposition lässt sich aus dem B-Kanal nicht zuverlässig bestimmen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Range switch contact array failed",
            "de": "Bereichsschalter-Kontaktarray defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or short in PRNDL wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung oder Kurzschluss in der PRNDL-Verkabelung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2801",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Sensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Range sensor B reports a position that does not match other plausibility checks. Mechanical alignment off or sensor contacts intermittent.",
        "de": "Bereichssensor B meldet eine Position, die anderen Plausibilitätsprüfungen widerspricht. Mechanische Justage ausser Toleranz oder Kontakte sporadisch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically misadjusted",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch dejustiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contacts_dirty",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts dirty or oxidised",
            "de": "Kontakte verschmutzt oder oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2802",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Sensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the range sensor B signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor internal short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Bereichssensors B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder interner Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2803",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Sensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the range sensor B signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Bereichssensors B liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open range sensor B",
            "de": "Offener Bereichssensor B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2804",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor B Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Sensor B Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The range sensor B signal drops out intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive solder joint.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Bereichssensors B fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindliche Lötstelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently grounds the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung schließt sporadisch nach Masse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2805",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Sensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The two range sensor channels A and B do not agree on the same gear selector position. Plausibility check fails after debounce.",
        "de": "Die beiden Bereichssensor-Kanäle A und B stimmen nicht über die gewählte Wählhebelposition überein. Die Plausibilitätsprüfung schlägt nach Entprellung fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_a",
        "transmission_range_sensor_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_misalignment",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor mechanically misaligned",
            "de": "Ein Sensor mechanisch dejustiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contacts_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged switch contacts on one channel",
            "de": "Gealterte Schalterkontakte auf einem Kanal"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2806",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor Alignment",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Sensor Justierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects that the transmission range sensor mechanical alignment is outside the calibration window. Selector positions read with offset across the entire travel.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt, dass die mechanische Justierung des Getriebebereichs-Sensors außerhalb des Kalibrierfensters liegt. Wählpositionen werden über den gesamten Verfahrweg mit Versatz erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor",
        "selector_linkage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "linkage_shifted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Selector linkage shifted on the sensor shaft",
            "de": "Wählhebelgestänge auf der Sensorwelle verrutscht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting bolts loose",
            "de": "Sensor-Befestigungsschrauben gelockert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2807",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid G",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in pressure control solenoid G. Detected via electrical resistance, response to commanded duty cycle, or downstream pressure measurement.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid G. Erkannt über elektrischen Widerstand, Reaktion auf Soll-Tastgrad oder nachgelagerte Druckmessung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_g",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2808",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid G Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid G Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid G is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic feed restricted.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid G wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder Hydraulik-Zulauf eingeengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_g",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2809",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid G Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid G dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid G stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected hydraulic circuit stays pressurised.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid G bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Hydraulikkreis bleibt unter Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_g",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P280A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor A Circuit Not Learned",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Sensor A Stromkreis nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM has not learned the calibration window for transmission range sensor A. Selector positions cannot be mapped reliably until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät hat das Kalibrierfenster für den Getriebebereichs-Sensor A nicht angelernt. Wählpositionen können erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption zuverlässig zugeordnet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or TCM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder TCM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P280B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Range Sensor B Circuit Not Learned",
        "de": "Getriebebereichs-Sensor B Stromkreis nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM has not learned the calibration window for transmission range sensor B. Selector positions cannot be mapped reliably until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät hat das Kalibrierfenster für den Getriebebereichs-Sensor B nicht angelernt. Wählpositionen können erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption zuverlässig zugeordnet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_sensor_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or TCM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder TCM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2810",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid G Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid G elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on transmission pressure control solenoid G. Hydraulic pressure cannot be modulated as expected, causing harsh or slipping shifts.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Druckregel-Solenoid G des Getriebes. Der Hydraulikdruck kann nicht wie erwartet moduliert werden, was harte oder rutschende Schaltungen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_g",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2811",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid G Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid G sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid G shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid G zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_g",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2812",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid G Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid G Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit in the control wiring of pressure control solenoid G. No current flows when the solenoid is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids G. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_g",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2813",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid G Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid G Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid G does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid G stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_g",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2814",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid G Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid G Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid G control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids G liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_g",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2815",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid G Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid G Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid G control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids G liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_g",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2816",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid H",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in pressure control solenoid H. Detected via electrical resistance, response to commanded duty cycle, or downstream pressure measurement.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid H. Erkannt über elektrischen Widerstand, Reaktion auf Soll-Tastgrad oder nachgelagerte Druckmessung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_h",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2817",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid H Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid H Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid H is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic feed restricted.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid H wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder Hydraulik-Zulauf eingeengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_h",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2818",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid H Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid H dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid H stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected hydraulic circuit stays pressurised.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid H bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Hydraulikkreis bleibt unter Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_h",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2819",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid H Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid H elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on transmission pressure control solenoid H. Hydraulic pressure cannot be modulated as expected, causing harsh or slipping shifts.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Druckregel-Solenoid H des Getriebes. Der Hydraulikdruck kann nicht wie erwartet moduliert werden, was harte oder rutschende Schaltungen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_h",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P281A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid H Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid H sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid H shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid H zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_h",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P281B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid H Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid H Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit in the control wiring of pressure control solenoid H. No current flows when the solenoid is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids H. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_h",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P281C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid H Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid H Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid H does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid H stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_h",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P281D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid H Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid H Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid H control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids H liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_h",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P281E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid H Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid H Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid H control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids H liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_h",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P281F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid J",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in pressure control solenoid J. Detected via electrical resistance, response to commanded duty cycle, or downstream pressure measurement.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid J. Erkannt über elektrischen Widerstand, Reaktion auf Soll-Tastgrad oder nachgelagerte Druckmessung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_j",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2820",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid J Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid J Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid J is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic feed restricted.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid J wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder Hydraulik-Zulauf eingeengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_j",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2821",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid J Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid J dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid J stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected hydraulic circuit stays pressurised.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid J bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Hydraulikkreis bleibt unter Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_j",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2822",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid J Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid J elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on transmission pressure control solenoid J. Hydraulic pressure cannot be modulated as expected, causing harsh or slipping shifts.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Druckregel-Solenoid J des Getriebes. Der Hydraulikdruck kann nicht wie erwartet moduliert werden, was harte oder rutschende Schaltungen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_j",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2823",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid J Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid J sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid J shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid J zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_j",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2824",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid J Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid J Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit in the control wiring of pressure control solenoid J. No current flows when the solenoid is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids J. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_j",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2825",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid J Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid J Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid J does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid J stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_j",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2826",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid J Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid J Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid J control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids J liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_j",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2827",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid J Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid J Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid J control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids J liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_j",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2828",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid K",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault in pressure control solenoid K. Detected via electrical resistance, response to commanded duty cycle, or downstream pressure measurement.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Druckregel-Solenoid K. Erkannt über elektrischen Widerstand, Reaktion auf Soll-Tastgrad oder nachgelagerte Druckmessung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_k",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged solenoid coil resistance drift",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand des gealterten Solenoids driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bore around the solenoid",
            "de": "Verschlissene Ventilkörperbohrung am Solenoid"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2829",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid K Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid K Leistung/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid K is commanded on but does not produce the expected pressure. Spool stuck closed or hydraulic feed restricted.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid K wird angesteuert, liefert aber nicht den erwarteten Druck. Schieber geschlossen festsitzend oder Hydraulik-Zulauf eingeengt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_k",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic feed restricted by debris",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Zulauf durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P282A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid K Stuck On",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid K dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid K stays in the activated state when commanded off. Affected hydraulic circuit stays pressurised.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid K bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn die Anforderung zurückgenommen wird. Der zugehörige Hydraulikkreis bleibt unter Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_k",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spool_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid spool stuck in open position",
            "de": "Solenoid-Schieber in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM output driver stuck on",
            "de": "TCM-Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P282B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid K Electrical",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid K elektrisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an electrical fault on transmission pressure control solenoid K. Hydraulic pressure cannot be modulated as expected, causing harsh or slipping shifts.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen elektrischen Fehler am Druckregel-Solenoid K des Getriebes. Der Hydraulikdruck kann nicht wie erwartet moduliert werden, was harte oder rutschende Schaltungen verursacht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_k",
        "tcm",
        "transmission_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal solenoid fault",
            "de": "Interner Magnetventil-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P282C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid K Intermittent",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid K sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pressure control solenoid K shows intermittent electrical or hydraulic faults. Loose connector or marginal coil.",
        "de": "Das Druckregel-Solenoid K zeigt sporadische elektrische oder hydraulische Fehler. Lockerer Stecker oder grenzwertige Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_k",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid connector not fully seated",
            "de": "Solenoidstecker nicht vollständig eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifts with temperature",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet mit Temperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P282D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid K Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid K Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects an open circuit in the control wiring of pressure control solenoid K. No current flows when the solenoid is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt eine Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids K. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_k",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in solenoid control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Solenoid-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P282E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid K Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid K Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current through pressure control solenoid K does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Coil resistance drift or high-resistance contact.",
        "de": "Der Strom durch das Druckregel-Solenoid K stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Driftender Spulenwiderstand oder hochohmiger Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_k",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance changed by thermal stress",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand durch thermische Belastung verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in solenoid connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Solenoid-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P282F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid K Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid K Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid K control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids K liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_k",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in solenoid coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2830",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure Control Solenoid K Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Druckregel-Solenoid K Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure control solenoid K control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Druckregel-Solenoids K liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pressure_control_solenoid_k",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open solenoid coil",
            "de": "Offene Solenoidspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2831",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Position Circuit",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Positions-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot read a valid position signal from shift fork A position sensor. Selector engagement state is unknown.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät kann vom Positionssensor der Schaltgabel A kein gültiges Signal lesen. Der Einrückzustand der Schaltgabel ist unbekannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_a",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2832",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Position Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork A position sensor reports a value outside the calibrated travel window. Mechanical alignment off or sensor drift.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Schaltgabel A meldet einen Wert außerhalb des kalibrierten Verfahrwegs. Mechanische Justage außer Toleranz oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_a",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero point drifted",
            "de": "Nullpunkt des Sensors driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fork shaft worn",
            "de": "Schaltgabelwelle verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2833",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Positions-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on shift fork A position sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Positionssensors der Schaltgabel A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_a",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2834",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Positions-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on shift fork A position sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Positionssensors der Schaltgabel A liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_a",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2835",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Position Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Positions-Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork A position signal drops out intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive wiring.",
        "de": "Das Positionssignal der Schaltgabel A fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindliche Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_a",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2836",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Position Circuit",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Positions-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot read a valid position signal from shift fork B position sensor. Selector engagement state is unknown.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät kann vom Positionssensor der Schaltgabel B kein gültiges Signal lesen. Der Einrückzustand der Schaltgabel ist unbekannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_b",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2837",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Position Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork B position sensor reports a value outside the calibrated travel window. Mechanical alignment off or sensor drift.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Schaltgabel B meldet einen Wert außerhalb des kalibrierten Verfahrwegs. Mechanische Justage außer Toleranz oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_b",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero point drifted",
            "de": "Nullpunkt des Sensors driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fork shaft worn",
            "de": "Schaltgabelwelle verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2838",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Positions-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on shift fork B position sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Positionssensors der Schaltgabel B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_b",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2839",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Positions-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on shift fork B position sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Positionssensors der Schaltgabel B liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_b",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P283A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Position Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Positions-Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork B position signal drops out intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive wiring.",
        "de": "Das Positionssignal der Schaltgabel B fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindliche Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_b",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P283B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork C Position Circuit",
        "de": "Schaltgabel C Positions-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot read a valid position signal from shift fork C position sensor. Selector engagement state is unknown.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät kann vom Positionssensor der Schaltgabel C kein gültiges Signal lesen. Der Einrückzustand der Schaltgabel ist unbekannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_c",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P283C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork C Position Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltgabel C Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork C position sensor reports a value outside the calibrated travel window. Mechanical alignment off or sensor drift.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Schaltgabel C meldet einen Wert außerhalb des kalibrierten Verfahrwegs. Mechanische Justage außer Toleranz oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_c",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero point drifted",
            "de": "Nullpunkt des Sensors driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fork shaft worn",
            "de": "Schaltgabelwelle verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P283D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork C Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltgabel C Positions-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on shift fork C position sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Positionssensors der Schaltgabel C liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_c",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P283E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork C Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltgabel C Positions-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on shift fork C position sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Positionssensors der Schaltgabel C liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_c",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P283F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork C Position Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltgabel C Positions-Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork C position signal drops out intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive wiring.",
        "de": "Das Positionssignal der Schaltgabel C fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindliche Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_c",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2840",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork D Position Circuit",
        "de": "Schaltgabel D Positions-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot read a valid position signal from shift fork D position sensor. Selector engagement state is unknown.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät kann vom Positionssensor der Schaltgabel D kein gültiges Signal lesen. Der Einrückzustand der Schaltgabel ist unbekannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_d",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2841",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork D Position Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltgabel D Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork D position sensor reports a value outside the calibrated travel window. Mechanical alignment off or sensor drift.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Schaltgabel D meldet einen Wert außerhalb des kalibrierten Verfahrwegs. Mechanische Justage außer Toleranz oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_d",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero point drifted",
            "de": "Nullpunkt des Sensors driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fork shaft worn",
            "de": "Schaltgabelwelle verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2842",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork D Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltgabel D Positions-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on shift fork D position sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Positionssensors der Schaltgabel D liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_d",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2843",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork D Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltgabel D Positions-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on shift fork D position sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Positionssensors der Schaltgabel D liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_d",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2844",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork D Position Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltgabel D Positions-Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork D position signal drops out intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive wiring.",
        "de": "Das Positionssignal der Schaltgabel D fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindliche Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_d",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2845",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Position Sensor Incorrect Neutral Position Indicated",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Positionssensor falsche Neutralstellung angezeigt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor for shift fork A indicates the neutral position when the fork is mechanically engaged in a gear, or vice versa. Sensor reference offset.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Schaltgabel A meldet die Neutralstellung, obwohl die Gabel mechanisch in einem Gang eingerückt ist — oder umgekehrt. Versatz im Sensor-Referenzpunkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_a",
        "shift_fork_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically misadjusted from neutral",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch dejustiert gegenüber Neutral"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_pin_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fork pin worn — neutral travel widened",
            "de": "Schaltgabel-Pin verschlissen — Neutral-Spielraum vergrößert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2846",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Position Sensor Incorrect Neutral Position Indicated",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Positionssensor falsche Neutralstellung angezeigt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor for shift fork B indicates the neutral position when the fork is mechanically engaged in a gear, or vice versa. Sensor reference offset.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Schaltgabel B meldet die Neutralstellung, obwohl die Gabel mechanisch in einem Gang eingerückt ist — oder umgekehrt. Versatz im Sensor-Referenzpunkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_b",
        "shift_fork_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically misadjusted from neutral",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch dejustiert gegenüber Neutral"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_pin_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fork pin worn — neutral travel widened",
            "de": "Schaltgabel-Pin verschlissen — Neutral-Spielraum vergrößert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2847",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork C Position Sensor Incorrect Neutral Position Indicated",
        "de": "Schaltgabel C Positionssensor falsche Neutralstellung angezeigt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor for shift fork C indicates the neutral position when the fork is mechanically engaged in a gear, or vice versa. Sensor reference offset.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Schaltgabel C meldet die Neutralstellung, obwohl die Gabel mechanisch in einem Gang eingerückt ist — oder umgekehrt. Versatz im Sensor-Referenzpunkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_c",
        "shift_fork_c",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically misadjusted from neutral",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch dejustiert gegenüber Neutral"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_pin_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fork pin worn — neutral travel widened",
            "de": "Schaltgabel-Pin verschlissen — Neutral-Spielraum vergrößert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2848",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork D Position Sensor Incorrect Neutral Position Indicated",
        "de": "Schaltgabel D Positionssensor falsche Neutralstellung angezeigt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor for shift fork D indicates the neutral position when the fork is mechanically engaged in a gear, or vice versa. Sensor reference offset.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Schaltgabel D meldet die Neutralstellung, obwohl die Gabel mechanisch in einem Gang eingerückt ist — oder umgekehrt. Versatz im Sensor-Referenzpunkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_d",
        "shift_fork_d",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically misadjusted from neutral",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch dejustiert gegenüber Neutral"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_pin_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fork pin worn — neutral travel widened",
            "de": "Schaltgabel-Pin verschlissen — Neutral-Spielraum vergrößert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2849",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Stuck",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork A cannot leave its current engagement position when the actuator commands movement. Mechanical jam or actuator without travel.",
        "de": "Die Schaltgabel A kann ihre aktuelle Einrückstellung nicht verlassen, obwohl der Aktuator eine Bewegung anfordert. Mechanische Klemmung oder Aktuator ohne Verfahrweg."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_a",
        "shift_fork_actuator_a",
        "synchroniser_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fork_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift fork mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Schaltgabel mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "synchro_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Synchroniser teeth damaged",
            "de": "Synchronring-Zähne beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P284A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Stuck",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork B cannot leave its current engagement position when the actuator commands movement. Mechanical jam or actuator without travel.",
        "de": "Die Schaltgabel B kann ihre aktuelle Einrückstellung nicht verlassen, obwohl der Aktuator eine Bewegung anfordert. Mechanische Klemmung oder Aktuator ohne Verfahrweg."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_b",
        "shift_fork_actuator_b",
        "synchroniser_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fork_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift fork mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Schaltgabel mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "synchro_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Synchroniser teeth damaged",
            "de": "Synchronring-Zähne beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P284B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork C Stuck",
        "de": "Schaltgabel C festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork C cannot leave its current engagement position when the actuator commands movement. Mechanical jam or actuator without travel.",
        "de": "Die Schaltgabel C kann ihre aktuelle Einrückstellung nicht verlassen, obwohl der Aktuator eine Bewegung anfordert. Mechanische Klemmung oder Aktuator ohne Verfahrweg."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_c",
        "shift_fork_actuator_c",
        "synchroniser_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fork_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift fork mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Schaltgabel mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "synchro_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Synchroniser teeth damaged",
            "de": "Synchronring-Zähne beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P284C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork D Stuck",
        "de": "Schaltgabel D festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork D cannot leave its current engagement position when the actuator commands movement. Mechanical jam or actuator without travel.",
        "de": "Die Schaltgabel D kann ihre aktuelle Einrückstellung nicht verlassen, obwohl der Aktuator eine Bewegung anfordert. Mechanische Klemmung oder Aktuator ohne Verfahrweg."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_d",
        "shift_fork_actuator_d",
        "synchroniser_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fork_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift fork mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Schaltgabel mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "synchro_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Synchroniser teeth damaged",
            "de": "Synchronring-Zähne beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P284D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Unrequested Movement",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A unangeforderte Bewegung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork A moves without an actuator command. Hydraulic leakage at the actuator or detent spring failure.",
        "de": "Die Schaltgabel A bewegt sich ohne Anforderung des Aktuators. Hydraulische Leckage am Aktuator oder defekter Rastfeder-Mechanismus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_a",
        "shift_fork_actuator_a",
        "detent_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal leak in fork actuator",
            "de": "Interne Leckage im Schaltgabel-Aktuator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "detent_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Detent spring or ball failed",
            "de": "Rastfeder oder Rastkugel defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P284E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Unrequested Movement",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B unangeforderte Bewegung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork B moves without an actuator command. Hydraulic leakage at the actuator or detent spring failure.",
        "de": "Die Schaltgabel B bewegt sich ohne Anforderung des Aktuators. Hydraulische Leckage am Aktuator oder defekter Rastfeder-Mechanismus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_b",
        "shift_fork_actuator_b",
        "detent_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal leak in fork actuator",
            "de": "Interne Leckage im Schaltgabel-Aktuator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "detent_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Detent spring or ball failed",
            "de": "Rastfeder oder Rastkugel defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P284F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork C Unrequested Movement",
        "de": "Schaltgabel C unangeforderte Bewegung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork C moves without an actuator command. Hydraulic leakage at the actuator or detent spring failure.",
        "de": "Die Schaltgabel C bewegt sich ohne Anforderung des Aktuators. Hydraulische Leckage am Aktuator oder defekter Rastfeder-Mechanismus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_c",
        "shift_fork_actuator_c",
        "detent_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal leak in fork actuator",
            "de": "Interne Leckage im Schaltgabel-Aktuator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "detent_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Detent spring or ball failed",
            "de": "Rastfeder oder Rastkugel defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2850",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork D Unrequested Movement",
        "de": "Schaltgabel D unangeforderte Bewegung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork D moves without an actuator command. Hydraulic leakage at the actuator or detent spring failure.",
        "de": "Die Schaltgabel D bewegt sich ohne Anforderung des Aktuators. Hydraulische Leckage am Aktuator oder defekter Rastfeder-Mechanismus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_d",
        "shift_fork_actuator_d",
        "detent_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal leak in fork actuator",
            "de": "Interne Leckage im Schaltgabel-Aktuator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "detent_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Detent spring or ball failed",
            "de": "Rastfeder oder Rastkugel defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2851",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork Position Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Schaltgabel-Positionssensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position signals of shift fork sensors A and B do not correlate as expected for the active gear pre-selection. Plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Die Positionssignale der Schaltgabel-Sensoren A und B korrelieren nicht wie für die aktive Gangvorwahl erwartet. Die Plausibilitätsprüfung schlägt fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_a",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Offset between the two sensors after replacement",
            "de": "Versatz zwischen den beiden Sensoren nach Tausch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor harness incorrectly swapped",
            "de": "Sensor-Stecker vertauscht angeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2852",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork Position Sensor C/D Correlation",
        "de": "Schaltgabel-Positionssensor C/D Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position signals of shift fork sensors C and D do not correlate as expected for the active gear pre-selection. Plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Die Positionssignale der Schaltgabel-Sensoren C und D korrelieren nicht wie für die aktive Gangvorwahl erwartet. Die Plausibilitätsprüfung schlägt fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_c",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_d",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Offset between the two sensors after replacement",
            "de": "Versatz zwischen den beiden Sensoren nach Tausch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor harness incorrectly swapped",
            "de": "Sensor-Stecker vertauscht angeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2853",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pressure Discharge Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung A Druckabbau-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A hydraulic pressure does not bleed off as expected when commanded to release. Excessive residual pressure delays disengagement.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikdruck der Kupplung A baut sich beim Lösen nicht wie erwartet ab. Übermäßiger Restdruck verzögert das Auskuppeln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_seal_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator seal leaks",
            "de": "Dichtung des Kupplungsaktuators undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated transmission fluid",
            "de": "Mit Luft angereichertes Getriebeöl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2854",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pressure Discharge Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung B Druckabbau-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B hydraulic pressure does not bleed off as expected when commanded to release. Excessive residual pressure delays disengagement.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikdruck der Kupplung B baut sich beim Lösen nicht wie erwartet ab. Übermäßiger Restdruck verzögert das Auskuppeln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_seal_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator seal leaks",
            "de": "Dichtung des Kupplungsaktuators undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated transmission fluid",
            "de": "Mit Luft angereichertes Getriebeöl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2855",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pressure Charge Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung A Druckaufbau-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A hydraulic pressure does not build up as expected when commanded to engage. Engagement is delayed or weakened.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikdruck der Kupplung A baut sich beim Einrücken nicht wie erwartet auf. Das Einkuppeln ist verzögert oder schwach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_seal_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator seal leaks",
            "de": "Dichtung des Kupplungsaktuators undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated transmission fluid",
            "de": "Mit Luft angereichertes Getriebeöl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2856",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pressure Charge Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung B Druckaufbau-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B hydraulic pressure does not build up as expected when commanded to engage. Engagement is delayed or weakened.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikdruck der Kupplung B baut sich beim Einrücken nicht wie erwartet auf. Das Einkuppeln ist verzögert oder schwach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_seal_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator seal leaks",
            "de": "Dichtung des Kupplungsaktuators undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated transmission fluid",
            "de": "Mit Luft angereichertes Getriebeöl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2857",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pressure Engagement Performance/Too Low",
        "de": "Kupplung A Einrückdruck Verhalten/zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A engagement pressure is below the calibrated minimum. Slip during launch and torque transfer reduced.",
        "de": "Der Einrückdruck der Kupplung A liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum. Schlupf beim Anfahren und reduzierte Drehmomentübertragung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "transmission_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pump output pressure low",
            "de": "Hydraulikpumpen-Förderdruck zu gering"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator characteristic drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Druckregler-Kennlinie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2858",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pressure Engagement Performance/Too Low",
        "de": "Kupplung B Einrückdruck Verhalten/zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B engagement pressure is below the calibrated minimum. Slip during launch and torque transfer reduced.",
        "de": "Der Einrückdruck der Kupplung B liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum. Schlupf beim Anfahren und reduzierte Drehmomentübertragung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "transmission_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pump output pressure low",
            "de": "Hydraulikpumpen-Förderdruck zu gering"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator characteristic drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Druckregler-Kennlinie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2859",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pressure Disengagement Performance/Too Low",
        "de": "Kupplung A Auskuppeldruck Verhalten/zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A disengagement pressure is below the calibrated minimum. Clutch may not separate cleanly under load.",
        "de": "Der Auskuppeldruck der Kupplung A liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum. Die Kupplung trennt unter Last möglicherweise nicht sauber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "transmission_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pump output pressure low",
            "de": "Hydraulikpumpen-Förderdruck zu gering"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator characteristic drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Druckregler-Kennlinie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P285A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pressure Disengagement Performance/Too Low",
        "de": "Kupplung B Auskuppeldruck Verhalten/zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B disengagement pressure is below the calibrated minimum. Clutch may not separate cleanly under load.",
        "de": "Der Auskuppeldruck der Kupplung B liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum. Die Kupplung trennt unter Last möglicherweise nicht sauber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "transmission_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pump output pressure low",
            "de": "Hydraulikpumpen-Förderdruck zu gering"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator characteristic drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Druckregler-Kennlinie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P285B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Actuator Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Aktuator-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for shift fork A actuator reports a actuator circuit/open condition. Fork engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für den Aktuator der Schaltgabel A meldet einen Zustand \"Aktuator-Stromkreis offen\". Die Schaltgabel-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_actuator_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P285C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Actuator Performance",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Aktuator-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for shift fork A actuator reports a actuator performance condition. Fork engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für den Aktuator der Schaltgabel A meldet einen Zustand \"Aktuator-Verhalten\". Die Schaltgabel-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_actuator_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator responds slower than calibrated",
            "de": "Aktuator reagiert langsamer als kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_friction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in fork guide",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung in der Schaltgabel-Führung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P285D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Actuator Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Aktuator-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for shift fork A actuator reports a actuator circuit low condition. Fork engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für den Aktuator der Schaltgabel A meldet einen Zustand \"Aktuator-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Schaltgabel-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_actuator_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P285E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Actuator Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Aktuator-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for shift fork A actuator reports a actuator circuit high condition. Fork engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für den Aktuator der Schaltgabel A meldet einen Zustand \"Aktuator-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Schaltgabel-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_actuator_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P285F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Actuator Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Aktuator-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for shift fork B actuator reports a actuator circuit/open condition. Fork engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für den Aktuator der Schaltgabel B meldet einen Zustand \"Aktuator-Stromkreis offen\". Die Schaltgabel-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_actuator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2860",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Actuator Performance",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Aktuator-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for shift fork B actuator reports a actuator performance condition. Fork engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für den Aktuator der Schaltgabel B meldet einen Zustand \"Aktuator-Verhalten\". Die Schaltgabel-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_actuator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator responds slower than calibrated",
            "de": "Aktuator reagiert langsamer als kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_friction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in fork guide",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung in der Schaltgabel-Führung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2861",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Actuator Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Aktuator-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for shift fork B actuator reports a actuator circuit low condition. Fork engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für den Aktuator der Schaltgabel B meldet einen Zustand \"Aktuator-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Schaltgabel-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_actuator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2862",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Actuator Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Aktuator-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for shift fork B actuator reports a actuator circuit high condition. Fork engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für den Aktuator der Schaltgabel B meldet einen Zustand \"Aktuator-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Schaltgabel-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_actuator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2863",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork E Position Circuit",
        "de": "Schaltgabel E Positions-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot read a valid position signal from shift fork E position sensor. Selector engagement state is unknown.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät kann vom Positionssensor der Schaltgabel E kein gültiges Signal lesen. Der Einrückzustand der Schaltgabel ist unbekannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_e",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2864",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork E Position Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltgabel E Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork E position sensor reports a value outside the calibrated travel window. Mechanical alignment off or sensor drift.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Schaltgabel E meldet einen Wert außerhalb des kalibrierten Verfahrwegs. Mechanische Justage außer Toleranz oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_e",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero point drifted",
            "de": "Nullpunkt des Sensors driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fork shaft worn",
            "de": "Schaltgabelwelle verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2865",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork E Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltgabel E Positions-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on shift fork E position sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Positionssensors der Schaltgabel E liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_e",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2866",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork E Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltgabel E Positions-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on shift fork E position sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Positionssensors der Schaltgabel E liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_e",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2867",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork E Position Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Schaltgabel E Positions-Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork E position signal drops out intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive wiring.",
        "de": "Das Positionssignal der Schaltgabel E fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindliche Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_e",
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2868",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork E Position Sensor Incorrect Neutral Position Indicated",
        "de": "Schaltgabel E Positionssensor falsche Neutralstellung angezeigt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor for shift fork E indicates the neutral position when the fork is mechanically engaged in a gear, or vice versa. Sensor reference offset.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Schaltgabel E meldet die Neutralstellung, obwohl die Gabel mechanisch in einem Gang eingerückt ist — oder umgekehrt. Versatz im Sensor-Referenzpunkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_position_sensor_e",
        "shift_fork_e",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_misadjusted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically misadjusted from neutral",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch dejustiert gegenüber Neutral"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_pin_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fork pin worn — neutral travel widened",
            "de": "Schaltgabel-Pin verschlissen — Neutral-Spielraum vergrößert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2869",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork E Stuck",
        "de": "Schaltgabel E festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork E cannot leave its current engagement position when the actuator commands movement. Mechanical jam or actuator without travel.",
        "de": "Die Schaltgabel E kann ihre aktuelle Einrückstellung nicht verlassen, obwohl der Aktuator eine Bewegung anfordert. Mechanische Klemmung oder Aktuator ohne Verfahrweg."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_e",
        "shift_fork_actuator_e",
        "synchroniser_assembly"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fork_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift fork mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Schaltgabel mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "synchro_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Synchroniser teeth damaged",
            "de": "Synchronring-Zähne beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P286A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork E Unrequested Movement",
        "de": "Schaltgabel E unangeforderte Bewegung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Shift fork E moves without an actuator command. Hydraulic leakage at the actuator or detent spring failure.",
        "de": "Die Schaltgabel E bewegt sich ohne Anforderung des Aktuators. Hydraulische Leckage am Aktuator oder defekter Rastfeder-Mechanismus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_e",
        "shift_fork_actuator_e",
        "detent_spring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal leak in fork actuator",
            "de": "Interne Leckage im Schaltgabel-Aktuator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "detent_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Detent spring or ball failed",
            "de": "Rastfeder oder Rastkugel defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P286B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pressure Engagement Too High",
        "de": "Kupplung A Einrückdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A engagement pressure exceeds the calibrated maximum. Risk of harsh engagement and accelerated wear.",
        "de": "Der Einrückdruck der Kupplung A liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum. Gefahr für harten Einrückvorgang und beschleunigten Verschleiß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator stuck at high output",
            "de": "Druckregler auf hohem Ausgang festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "control_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control solenoid characteristic drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Steuersolenoid-Kennlinie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P286C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pressure Disengagement Too High",
        "de": "Kupplung A Auskuppeldruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A disengagement pressure exceeds the calibrated maximum. The clutch may not separate cleanly.",
        "de": "Der Auskuppeldruck der Kupplung A liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum. Die Kupplung trennt möglicherweise nicht sauber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator stuck at high output",
            "de": "Druckregler auf hohem Ausgang festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "control_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control solenoid characteristic drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Steuersolenoid-Kennlinie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P286D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Engagement Time Performance/Too Slow",
        "de": "Kupplung A Einrückzeit-Verhalten/zu langsam"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A takes longer than calibrated to reach the engaged state. Hydraulic flow restricted or pressure rise too slow.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung A braucht länger als kalibriert, um den eingerückten Zustand zu erreichen. Hydraulik-Volumenstrom eingeengt oder Druckanstieg zu langsam."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "flow_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic flow restricted upstream",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Volumenstrom stromaufwärts eingeengt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_friction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in clutch actuator",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung im Kupplungsaktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P286E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Engagement Time Too Fast",
        "de": "Kupplung A Einrückzeit zu schnell"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A reaches the engaged state faster than calibrated. Risk of harsh engagement and shock loads.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung A erreicht den eingerückten Zustand schneller als kalibriert. Gefahr für harten Einrückvorgang und Stoßbelastungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator overshoots target",
            "de": "Druckregler überschwingt Sollwert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bypass passage",
            "de": "Verschlissener Bypass-Kanal im Ventilkörper"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P286F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Disengagement Time Performance/Too Slow",
        "de": "Kupplung A Auskuppelzeit-Verhalten/zu langsam"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A takes longer than calibrated to release. Pressure does not bleed off quickly enough.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung A braucht länger als kalibriert zum Lösen. Der Druck baut sich nicht schnell genug ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bleed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bleed orifice restricted by debris",
            "de": "Entlüftungsdrossel durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "return_spring_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak clutch return spring",
            "de": "Schwache Kupplungs-Rückstellfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2870",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Disengagement Time Too Fast",
        "de": "Kupplung A Auskuppelzeit zu schnell"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A releases faster than calibrated. Risk of torque interruption and driveline shock.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung A löst schneller als kalibriert. Gefahr für Drehmomentunterbrechung und Stoß im Antriebsstrang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_undershoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator undershoots release ramp",
            "de": "Druckregler unterschreitet Lösen-Rampe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "leak_increased",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased internal leakage at the actuator",
            "de": "Erhöhte interne Leckage am Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2871",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Performance/Stuck Disengaged",
        "de": "Kupplung A Verhalten/festsitzend ausgekuppelt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A cannot leave the disengaged state when engagement is commanded. No torque transfer through this clutch.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung A kann den ausgekuppelten Zustand nicht verlassen, obwohl Einrücken angefordert wurde. Keine Drehmomentübertragung über diese Kupplung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator stuck at low pressure",
            "de": "Kupplungsaktuator auf niedrigem Druck festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_leak_severe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe hydraulic leak prevents engagement",
            "de": "Starke Hydraulik-Leckage verhindert Einrücken"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2872",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Stuck Engaged",
        "de": "Kupplung A festsitzend eingekuppelt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch A cannot leave the engaged state when release is commanded. Torque transfer continues unwanted.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung A kann den eingekuppelten Zustand nicht verlassen, obwohl Auskuppeln angefordert wurde. Drehmomentübertragung bleibt unerwünscht aktiv."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator stuck at high pressure",
            "de": "Kupplungsaktuator auf hohem Druck festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "return_path_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic return path blocked",
            "de": "Hydraulischer Rückführweg blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2873",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pressure Engagement Too High",
        "de": "Kupplung B Einrückdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B engagement pressure exceeds the calibrated maximum. Risk of harsh engagement and accelerated wear.",
        "de": "Der Einrückdruck der Kupplung B liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum. Gefahr für harten Einrückvorgang und beschleunigten Verschleiß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator stuck at high output",
            "de": "Druckregler auf hohem Ausgang festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "control_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control solenoid characteristic drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Steuersolenoid-Kennlinie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2874",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pressure Disengagement Too High",
        "de": "Kupplung B Auskuppeldruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B disengagement pressure exceeds the calibrated maximum. The clutch may not separate cleanly.",
        "de": "Der Auskuppeldruck der Kupplung B liegt über dem kalibrierten Maximum. Die Kupplung trennt möglicherweise nicht sauber."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator stuck at high output",
            "de": "Druckregler auf hohem Ausgang festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "control_solenoid_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control solenoid characteristic drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Steuersolenoid-Kennlinie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2875",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Engagement Time Performance/Too Slow",
        "de": "Kupplung B Einrückzeit-Verhalten/zu langsam"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B takes longer than calibrated to reach the engaged state. Hydraulic flow restricted or pressure rise too slow.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung B braucht länger als kalibriert, um den eingerückten Zustand zu erreichen. Hydraulik-Volumenstrom eingeengt oder Druckanstieg zu langsam."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "flow_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic flow restricted upstream",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Volumenstrom stromaufwärts eingeengt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_friction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in clutch actuator",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung im Kupplungsaktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2876",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Engagement Time Too Fast",
        "de": "Kupplung B Einrückzeit zu schnell"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B reaches the engaged state faster than calibrated. Risk of harsh engagement and shock loads.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung B erreicht den eingerückten Zustand schneller als kalibriert. Gefahr für harten Einrückvorgang und Stoßbelastungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator overshoots target",
            "de": "Druckregler überschwingt Sollwert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_body_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Worn valve body bypass passage",
            "de": "Verschlissener Bypass-Kanal im Ventilkörper"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2877",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Disengagement Time Performance/Too Slow",
        "de": "Kupplung B Auskuppelzeit-Verhalten/zu langsam"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B takes longer than calibrated to release. Pressure does not bleed off quickly enough.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung B braucht länger als kalibriert zum Lösen. Der Druck baut sich nicht schnell genug ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bleed_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bleed orifice restricted by debris",
            "de": "Entlüftungsdrossel durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "return_spring_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak clutch return spring",
            "de": "Schwache Kupplungs-Rückstellfeder"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2878",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Disengagement Time Too Fast",
        "de": "Kupplung B Auskuppelzeit zu schnell"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B releases faster than calibrated. Risk of torque interruption and driveline shock.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung B löst schneller als kalibriert. Gefahr für Drehmomentunterbrechung und Stoß im Antriebsstrang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_undershoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator undershoots release ramp",
            "de": "Druckregler unterschreitet Lösen-Rampe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "leak_increased",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased internal leakage at the actuator",
            "de": "Erhöhte interne Leckage am Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2879",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Performance/Stuck Disengaged",
        "de": "Kupplung B Verhalten/festsitzend ausgekuppelt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B cannot leave the disengaged state when engagement is commanded. No torque transfer through this clutch.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung B kann den ausgekuppelten Zustand nicht verlassen, obwohl Einrücken angefordert wurde. Keine Drehmomentübertragung über diese Kupplung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator stuck at low pressure",
            "de": "Kupplungsaktuator auf niedrigem Druck festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_leak_severe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Severe hydraulic leak prevents engagement",
            "de": "Starke Hydraulik-Leckage verhindert Einrücken"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P287A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Stuck Engaged",
        "de": "Kupplung B festsitzend eingekuppelt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Clutch B cannot leave the engaged state when release is commanded. Torque transfer continues unwanted.",
        "de": "Die Kupplung B kann den eingekuppelten Zustand nicht verlassen, obwohl Auskuppeln angefordert wurde. Drehmomentübertragung bleibt unerwünscht aktiv."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b",
        "valve_body"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator stuck at high pressure",
            "de": "Kupplungsaktuator auf hohem Druck festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "return_path_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic return path blocked",
            "de": "Hydraulischer Rückführweg blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P287B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork A Calibration Not Learned",
        "de": "Schaltgabel A Kalibrierung nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM has not learned the end-stop calibration for shift fork A. Engagement positions cannot be commanded with full precision until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät hat die Endanschlag-Kalibrierung der Schaltgabel A nicht angelernt. Einrückpositionen können erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption präzise angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_a",
        "shift_fork_actuator_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or TCM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder TCM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift fork replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Schaltgabel ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P287C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Transmission Adaptive Values Not Learned",
        "de": "Getriebe-Adaptionswerte nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM has not learned the adaptive shift values needed for refined gear changes. The transmission operates with default values until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät hat die adaptiven Schaltwerte für feinabgestimmte Gangwechsel nicht angelernt. Bis zum Abschluss der Adaption arbeitet das Getriebe mit Standardwerten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or TCM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder TCM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "after_repair",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Following major transmission repair",
            "de": "Nach größerer Getriebereparatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P287D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump Motor Torque Out Of Range",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe Motor-Drehmoment außerhalb des Bereichs"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor torque required by the auxiliary transmission fluid pump is outside the calibrated window for the commanded duty. Pump load too high or too low for expected operation.",
        "de": "Das vom Motor der Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe geforderte Drehmoment liegt außerhalb des kalibrierten Bereichs für die angeforderte Ansteuerung. Pumpenlast zu hoch oder zu niedrig für den erwarteten Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_transmission_pump",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_internal_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump internal wear changes torque demand",
            "de": "Interner Pumpenverschleiß verändert Drehmomentbedarf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_viscosity_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fluid viscosity outside spec",
            "de": "Öl-Viskosität außerhalb der Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P287E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Actuator Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Aktuator Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the engine disconnect clutch actuator reports a circuit/open condition. Hybrid driveline coupling cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Aktuators für die Motor-Trennkupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Kopplung im Hybrid-Antriebsstrang kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P287F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Actuator Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Aktuator Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the engine disconnect clutch actuator reports a circuit range/performance condition. Hybrid driveline coupling cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Aktuators für die Motor-Trennkupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Kopplung im Hybrid-Antriebsstrang kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance out of range",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand außerhalb der Toleranz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2880",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Actuator Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Aktuator Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the engine disconnect clutch actuator reports a circuit low condition. Hybrid driveline coupling cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Aktuators für die Motor-Trennkupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Kopplung im Hybrid-Antriebsstrang kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2881",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Actuator Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Aktuator Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the engine disconnect clutch actuator reports a circuit high condition. Hybrid driveline coupling cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Aktuators für die Motor-Trennkupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Kopplung im Hybrid-Antriebsstrang kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2882",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Excessive Slippage",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung übermäßiger Schlupf"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects more slip across the engine disconnect clutch than the calibration allows for the requested torque transfer. Friction surfaces may be glazed or contaminated.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt mehr Schlupf an der Motor-Trennkupplung als die Kalibrierung für die angeforderte Drehmomentübertragung erlaubt. Reibflächen sind möglicherweise verglast oder verunreinigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "friction_glazed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Friction surfaces glazed by overheating",
            "de": "Reibflächen durch Überhitzung verglast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fluid contaminated with friction modifiers off spec",
            "de": "Öl mit Reibmodifizierern außer Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2883",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module measures engine disconnect clutch temperature above the safe operating threshold. Repeated slip events or insufficient cooling have heated the friction pack.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät misst eine Temperatur der Motor-Trennkupplung oberhalb des sicheren Betriebsbereichs. Wiederholte Schlupfereignisse oder unzureichende Kühlung haben das Reibpaket erhitzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch",
        "transmission_fluid_cooler"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "excessive_slip_events",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive slip during hybrid mode transitions",
            "de": "Übermäßiger Schlupf bei Hybrid-Moduswechseln"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooler_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restricted transmission fluid cooler flow",
            "de": "Eingeschränkter Volumenstrom im Getriebeölkühler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2884",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Stuck Open",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung im offenen Zustand festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine disconnect clutch cannot leave the open state when engagement is commanded. The combustion engine cannot be coupled to the hybrid drivetrain.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Trennkupplung kann den geöffneten Zustand nicht verlassen, obwohl Einrücken angefordert wurde. Der Verbrennungsmotor kann nicht an den Hybrid-Antriebsstrang gekoppelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch",
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically stuck in open position",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_pressure_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic engagement pressure lost",
            "de": "Hydraulischer Einrückdruck verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2885",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Engagement Fault",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Einrückfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects an engagement fault on the engine disconnect clutch. The engagement profile or end position deviates from calibration.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Einrückfehler an der Motor-Trennkupplung. Das Einrückprofil oder die Endposition weicht von der Kalibrierung ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch",
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_response",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response outside calibration",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic fluid level low",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Ölstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2886",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung im geschlossenen Zustand festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine disconnect clutch cannot leave the closed state when release is commanded. Pure electric driving is not available because the combustion engine stays coupled.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Trennkupplung kann den geschlossenen Zustand nicht verlassen, obwohl Lösen angefordert wurde. Rein elektrisches Fahren ist nicht möglich, weil der Verbrennungsmotor gekoppelt bleibt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch",
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "release_pressure_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Release pressure path blocked",
            "de": "Lösendruck-Pfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2887",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Lock/Pawl Actuator Circuit",
        "de": "Parksperre/Sperrklinke Aktuator Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM detects a generic fault on the park lock or pawl actuator circuit. Park engagement command path is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Parksperren-Aktuators. Der Steuerpfad für die Park-Verriegelung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_lock_actuator",
        "park_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Park lock actuator fault",
            "de": "Parksperren-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2888",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Lock/Pawl Actuator Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Parksperre/Sperrklinke Aktuator Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control wiring of the park lock or pawl actuator is open. No current flows when the actuator is commanded.",
        "de": "Die Steuerleitung des Parksperren-Aktuators ist unterbrochen. Beim Ansteuern fließt kein Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_lock_actuator",
        "park_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2889",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Lock/Pawl Actuator Circuit Low",
        "de": "Parksperre/Sperrklinke Aktuator Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the park lock or pawl actuator control line is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Parksperren-Aktuators liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_lock_actuator",
        "park_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P288A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Lock/Pawl Actuator Circuit High",
        "de": "Parksperre/Sperrklinke Aktuator Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the park lock or pawl actuator control line is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Parksperren-Aktuators liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_lock_actuator",
        "park_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P288B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Park Lock/Pawl Actuator Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Parksperre/Sperrklinke Aktuator Stromkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The park lock or pawl actuator does not engage or release within the calibrated time window. Mechanical resistance or weakened actuator.",
        "de": "Der Parksperren-Aktuator rückt nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeitfensters ein oder aus. Mechanischer Widerstand oder geschwächter Aktuator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_lock_actuator",
        "park_pawl",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_friction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in lock mechanism",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung im Sperrmechanismus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator force degraded",
            "de": "Aktuatorkraft nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P288C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Actuator Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Aktuator-Steuerendstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the engine disconnect clutch actuator reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Sustained high load on the actuator or short-circuit fault.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe für den Aktuator der Motor-Trennkupplung meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hohe Last am Aktuator oder Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground in actuator wiring",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse in der Aktuator-Verkabelung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically jammed — high stall current",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch verklemmt — hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P288D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork B Calibration Not Learned",
        "de": "Schaltgabel B Kalibrierung nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM has not learned the end-stop calibration for shift fork B. Engagement positions cannot be commanded with full precision until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät hat die Endanschlag-Kalibrierung der Schaltgabel B nicht angelernt. Einrückpositionen können erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption präzise angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_b",
        "shift_fork_actuator_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or TCM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder TCM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift fork replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Schaltgabel ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P288E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork \"A\" Actuator Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Schaltgabel \"A\" Aktuator-Steuerendstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for shift fork A actuator reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Stalled actuator or short-circuit fault.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe für den Aktuator der Schaltgabel A meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Festsitzender Aktuator oder Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_actuator_a",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground in actuator wiring",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse in der Aktuator-Verkabelung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift fork mechanically jammed — actuator stalls",
            "de": "Schaltgabel mechanisch verklemmt — Aktuator bleibt stehen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P288F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Fork \"B\" Actuator Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Schaltgabel \"B\" Aktuator-Steuerendstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for shift fork B actuator reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Stalled actuator or short-circuit fault.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe für den Aktuator der Schaltgabel B meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Festsitzender Aktuator oder Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_fork_actuator_b",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short to ground in actuator wiring",
            "de": "Kurzschluss nach Masse in der Aktuator-Verkabelung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fork_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift fork mechanically jammed — actuator stalls",
            "de": "Schaltgabel mechanisch verklemmt — Aktuator bleibt stehen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2890",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 1. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 1 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_1",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_1",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2891",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 1 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 1 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_1",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_1",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged — electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert — Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2892",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 1 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 1 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_1",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_1",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2893",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 1 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 1 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_1",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_1",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2894",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 2. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 2 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_2",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_2",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2895",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 2 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 2 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_2",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_2",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged — electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert — Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2896",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 2 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 2 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_2",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_2",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2897",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 2 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 2 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_2",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_2",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2898",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 3. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 3 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_3",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_3",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2899",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 3 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 3 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_3",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_3",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged — electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert — Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P289A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 3 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 3 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_3",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_3",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P289B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 3 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 3 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_3",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_3",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P289C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 4. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 4 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_4",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_4",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P289D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 4 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 4 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_4",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_4",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged - electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert - Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P289E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 4 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 4 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_4",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_4",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P289F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 4 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 4 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_4",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_4",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 5. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 5 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_5",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_5",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 5 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 5 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_5",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_5",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged - electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert - Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 5 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 5 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_5",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_5",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 5 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 5 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_5",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_5",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 6. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 6 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_6",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_6",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 6 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 6 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_6",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_6",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged - electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert - Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 6 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 6 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_6",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_6",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 6 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 6 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_6",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_6",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 7. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 7 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_7",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_7",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 7 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 7 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_7",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_7",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged - electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert - Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 7 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 7 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_7",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_7",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 7 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 7 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_7",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_7",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 8. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 8 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_8",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_8",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 8 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 8 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_8",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_8",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged - electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert - Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 8 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 8 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_8",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_8",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 8 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 8 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_8",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_8",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 9. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 9 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_9",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_9",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 9 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 9 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_9",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_9",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged - electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert - Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 9 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 9 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_9",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_9",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 9 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 9 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_9",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_9",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 10. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 10 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_10",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_10",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 10 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 10 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_10",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_10",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged - electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert - Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 10 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 10 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_10",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_10",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 10 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 10 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_10",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_10",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 11. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 11 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_11",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_11",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 11 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 11 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_11",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_11",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged - electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert - Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 11 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 11 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_11",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_11",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 11 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 11 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_11",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_11",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Ion Current Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM cannot read a valid ion current signal from cylinder 12. Ion current sensing relies on the spark plug acting as an electrode after combustion.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät kann von Zylinder 12 kein gültiges Ionenstrom-Signal lesen. Die Ionenstrom-Messung nutzt die Zündkerze als Elektrode nach der Verbrennung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_12",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_12",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ion_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense module failed",
            "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Ion Current Sense Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ion current signal from cylinder 12 is outside the expected range for combustion conditions. Combustion quality cannot be assessed reliably.",
        "de": "Das Ionenstrom-Signal von Zylinder 12 liegt außerhalb des für die Verbrennungsbedingungen erwarteten Bereichs. Die Verbrennungsqualität kann nicht zuverlässig bewertet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_12",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_12",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "spark_plug_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug aged - electrode shape changed",
            "de": "Zündkerze gealtert - Elektrodenform verändert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ion_circuit_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ion sense circuit gain drift",
            "de": "Drift in der Verstärkung des Ionenstrom-Kreises"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Ion Current Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 12 is below the expected window. Spark plug fouled, signal wire shorted to ground, or sensing path interrupted.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 12 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Verkokte Zündkerze, Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Messpfad unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_12",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_12",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "plug_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Spark plug fouled with carbon or oil",
            "de": "Zündkerze mit Russ oder Öl verkokt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Ion Current Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Ionenstrom-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Ion current from cylinder 12 is above the expected window. Cross-coupled signal, biased reference, or sensor fault.",
        "de": "Der Ionenstrom von Zylinder 12 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Eingekoppeltes Signal, vorgespannte Referenz oder Sensorfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plug_cyl_12",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_12",
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cross_coupling",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Inductive cross-coupling from ignition coil primary",
            "de": "Induktive Einkopplung von der Zündspulenprimärseite"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reference_bias",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense reference voltage biased",
            "de": "Mess-Referenzspannung vorgespannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ion Sense Module Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the supply voltage circuit of the ion sense module. The module can no longer reliably bias the spark plug for ion current measurement.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis des Ionenstrom-Moduls. Das Modul kann die Zündkerze nicht mehr zuverlässig für die Ionenstrom-Messung vorspannen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ion_sense_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply rail interrupted",
            "de": "Versorgungspfad des Moduls unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ion Sense Module Supply Voltage Low",
        "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage on the ion sense module is below the expected window. Wiring shorted to ground, blown fuse, or upstream regulator fault.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des Ionenstrom-Moduls liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen, durchgebrannte Sicherung oder Reglerfehler stromaufwärts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ion_sense_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung des Moduls durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ion Sense Module Supply Voltage High",
        "de": "Ionenstrom-Modul Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage on the ion sense module is above the expected window. Charging system overvoltage or upstream regulator fault.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des Ionenstrom-Moduls liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Überspannung der Ladeanlage oder Reglerfehler stromaufwärts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ion_sense_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator drift - overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Regler driftet - Überspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_current_signal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System High Load Purge Line B Performance",
        "de": "EVAP-System Hochlast-Spülleitung B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects insufficient flow or pressure in the high-load purge line B of the evaporative emissions system. Purge cannot be commanded effectively under high engine load.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt unzureichenden Volumenstrom oder Druck in der Hochlast-Spülleitung B des Tankentlüftungssystems. Die Regeneration kann unter hoher Motorlast nicht wirksam angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_valve_b",
        "evap_purge_line_b",
        "intake_manifold"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "purge_line_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge line B restricted or kinked",
            "de": "Spülleitung B eingeengt oder geknickt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "purge_valve_partial",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Purge valve B partially open",
            "de": "Spülventil B nur teilweise geöffnet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Phase U-V-W Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplung A Phase U-V-W Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output stage for the clutch A BLDC motor reports a low phase voltage on at least one of the U/V/W phases. Short to ground or interrupted half-bridge.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des BLDC-Motors der Kupplung A meldet eine zu niedrige Phasenspannung auf mindestens einer der U/V/W-Phasen. Kurzschluss nach Masse oder unterbrochene Halbbrücke."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lowside_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-side switch open in driver",
            "de": "Lowside-Schalter in der Endstufe offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Phase U-V-W Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplung A Phase U-V-W Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output stage for the clutch A BLDC motor reports a high phase voltage on at least one of the U/V/W phases. Short to B+ or interrupted load.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des BLDC-Motors der Kupplung A meldet eine zu hohe Phasenspannung auf mindestens einer der U/V/W-Phasen. Kurzschluss nach B+ oder unterbrochene Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Phase U-V-W Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kupplung A Phase U-V-W Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output stage for the clutch A BLDC motor cannot drive current through at least one of the U/V/W phases. Open wire or open winding.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des BLDC-Motors der Kupplung A kann auf mindestens einer der U/V/W-Phasen keinen Strom treiben. Offene Leitung oder offene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open phase wire",
            "de": "Offene Phasenleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Phase U-V-W Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung A Phase U-V-W Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase currents of the clutch A BLDC motor do not match the commanded commutation pattern within tolerance. Sensor or driver synchronisation off.",
        "de": "Die Phasenströme des BLDC-Motors der Kupplung A stimmen nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Soll-Kommutierungsmuster überein. Sensor- oder Endstufen-Synchronisation versetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rotor_position_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor position sensor offset",
            "de": "Rotorlage-Sensor-Versatz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current imbalance",
            "de": "Phasenstrom-Unsymmetrie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pump Motor Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung A Pumpenmotor-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch A hydraulic pump motor does not produce the expected flow for the commanded speed. Worn pump, leakage, or aged motor characteristic.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikpumpenmotor der Kupplung A liefert nicht den erwarteten Volumenstrom bei der angeforderten Drehzahl. Verschlissene Pumpe, Leckage oder gealterte Motorkennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pump worn",
            "de": "Hydraulikpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor characteristic aged",
            "de": "Motorkennlinie gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28C9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Motor Overspeed",
        "de": "Kupplung A Motor Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch A actuator motor exceeds the calibrated maximum speed. Load on the motor unexpectedly low or rotor position offset.",
        "de": "Der Aktuatormotor der Kupplung A überschreitet die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl. Last am Motor unerwartet niedrig oder Rotorlage-Versatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load lost (broken coupling)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last verloren (gebrochene Kupplung)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_position_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor position sensor offset",
            "de": "Rotorlage-Sensor-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28CA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Motor Underspeed",
        "de": "Kupplung A Motor Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch A actuator motor falls below the calibrated minimum speed for the commanded duty. High mechanical load or supply voltage low.",
        "de": "Der Aktuatormotor der Kupplung A fällt unter die kalibrierte Mindestdrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Hohe mechanische Last oder zu niedrige Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_a",
        "clutch_actuator_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased (binding)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht (klemmend)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28CB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Motor Position Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kupplung A Motor-Positionssensor Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot read a valid signal from the clutch A motor rotor position sensor. Open wiring or sensor failure.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät kann vom Rotorlage-Sensor des Kupplung-A-Motors kein gültiges Signal lesen. Unterbrochene Verkabelung oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Sensor-Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28CC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Motor Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung A Motor-Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch A motor position signal does not correlate with the commanded commutation. Sensor offset or signal integrity degraded.",
        "de": "Das Positionssignal des Kupplung-A-Motors korreliert nicht mit der angeforderten Kommutierung. Sensorversatz oder verschlechterte Signalqualität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28CD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pressure Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kupplung A Drucksensor Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot read a valid signal from the clutch A pressure sensor. Open wiring or sensor failure.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät kann vom Drucksensor der Kupplung A kein gültiges Signal lesen. Unterbrochene Verkabelung oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pressure_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Sensor-Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28CE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplung A Drucksensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the clutch A pressure sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Kupplung-A-Drucksensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pressure_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28CF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplung A Drucksensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the clutch A pressure sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Kupplung-A-Drucksensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pressure_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pressure sensor",
            "de": "Offener Drucksensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28D0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung A Drucksensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch A pressure signal does not match plausibility checks against actuator commands. Sensor drift or installation offset.",
        "de": "Das Drucksignal der Kupplung A stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Aktuatorbefehle überein. Sensordrift oder Einbauversatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pressure_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero point drifted",
            "de": "Nullpunkt des Sensors driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose - bias offset",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose - Vorspannungs-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28D1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch A Motor Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Kupplung A Motor-Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the clutch A BLDC motor reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Sustained high load or short-circuit fault.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des BLDC-Motors der Kupplung A meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hohe Last oder Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stall_current",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Motor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28D2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Phase U-V-W Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplung B Phase U-V-W Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output stage for the clutch B BLDC motor reports a low phase voltage on at least one of the U/V/W phases. Short to ground or interrupted half-bridge.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des BLDC-Motors der Kupplung B meldet eine zu niedrige Phasenspannung auf mindestens einer der U/V/W-Phasen. Kurzschluss nach Masse oder unterbrochene Halbbrücke."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lowside_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-side switch open in driver",
            "de": "Lowside-Schalter in der Endstufe offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28D3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Phase U-V-W Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplung B Phase U-V-W Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output stage for the clutch B BLDC motor reports a high phase voltage on at least one of the U/V/W phases. Short to B+ or interrupted load.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des BLDC-Motors der Kupplung B meldet eine zu hohe Phasenspannung auf mindestens einer der U/V/W-Phasen. Kurzschluss nach B+ oder unterbrochene Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28D4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Phase U-V-W Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kupplung B Phase U-V-W Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output stage for the clutch B BLDC motor cannot drive current through at least one of the U/V/W phases. Open wire or open winding.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des BLDC-Motors der Kupplung B kann auf mindestens einer der U/V/W-Phasen keinen Strom treiben. Offene Leitung oder offene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open phase wire",
            "de": "Offene Phasenleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28D5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Phase U-V-W Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung B Phase U-V-W Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase currents of the clutch B BLDC motor do not match the commanded commutation pattern within tolerance. Sensor or driver synchronisation off.",
        "de": "Die Phasenströme des BLDC-Motors der Kupplung B stimmen nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Soll-Kommutierungsmuster überein. Sensor- oder Endstufen-Synchronisation versetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rotor_position_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor position sensor offset",
            "de": "Rotorlage-Sensor-Versatz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current imbalance",
            "de": "Phasenstrom-Unsymmetrie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28D6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Motor Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Kupplung B Motor-Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the clutch B BLDC motor reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Sustained high load or short-circuit fault.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des BLDC-Motors der Kupplung B meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hohe Last oder Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stall_current",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Motor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28D7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pump Motor Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung B Pumpenmotor-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch B hydraulic pump motor does not produce the expected flow for the commanded speed. Worn pump, leakage, or aged motor characteristic.",
        "de": "Der Hydraulikpumpenmotor der Kupplung B liefert nicht den erwarteten Volumenstrom bei der angeforderten Drehzahl. Verschlissene Pumpe, Leckage oder gealterte Motorkennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pump worn",
            "de": "Hydraulikpumpe verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor characteristic aged",
            "de": "Motorkennlinie gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28D8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Motor Overspeed",
        "de": "Kupplung B Motor Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch B actuator motor exceeds the calibrated maximum speed. Load on the motor unexpectedly low or rotor position offset.",
        "de": "Der Aktuatormotor der Kupplung B überschreitet die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl. Last am Motor unerwartet niedrig oder Rotorlage-Versatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load lost (broken coupling)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last verloren (gebrochene Kupplung)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_position_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor position sensor offset",
            "de": "Rotorlage-Sensor-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28D9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Motor Underspeed",
        "de": "Kupplung B Motor Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch B actuator motor falls below the calibrated minimum speed for the commanded duty. High mechanical load or supply voltage low.",
        "de": "Der Aktuatormotor der Kupplung B fällt unter die kalibrierte Mindestdrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Hohe mechanische Last oder zu niedrige Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_b",
        "clutch_actuator_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased (binding)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht (klemmend)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28DA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Motor Position Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kupplung B Motor-Positionssensor Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot read a valid signal from the clutch B motor rotor position sensor. Open wiring or sensor failure.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät kann vom Rotorlage-Sensor des Kupplung-B-Motors kein gültiges Signal lesen. Unterbrochene Verkabelung oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Sensor-Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28DB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Motor Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung B Motor-Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch B motor position signal does not correlate with the commanded commutation. Sensor offset or signal integrity degraded.",
        "de": "Das Positionssignal des Kupplung-B-Motors korreliert nicht mit der angeforderten Kommutierung. Sensorversatz oder verschlechterte Signalqualität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_motor_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28DC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pressure Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kupplung B Drucksensor Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot read a valid signal from the clutch B pressure sensor. Open wiring or sensor failure.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät kann vom Drucksensor der Kupplung B kein gültiges Signal lesen. Unterbrochene Verkabelung oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Sensor-Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28DD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplung B Drucksensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the clutch B pressure sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Kupplung-B-Drucksensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28DE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplung B Drucksensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the clutch B pressure sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Kupplung-B-Drucksensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pressure sensor",
            "de": "Offener Drucksensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28DF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch B Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kupplung B Drucksensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch B pressure signal does not match plausibility checks against actuator commands. Sensor drift or installation offset.",
        "de": "Das Drucksignal der Kupplung B stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Aktuatorbefehle überein. Sensordrift oder Einbauversatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero point drifted",
            "de": "Nullpunkt des Sensors driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose - bias offset",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose - Vorspannungs-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28E0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Phase U-V-W Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltmotor Phase U-V-W Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output stage for the shift motor reports a low phase voltage on at least one of the U/V/W phases. Short to ground or interrupted half-bridge.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Schaltmotors meldet eine zu niedrige Phasenspannung auf mindestens einer der U/V/W-Phasen. Kurzschluss nach Masse oder unterbrochene Halbbrücke."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lowside_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-side switch open in driver",
            "de": "Lowside-Schalter in der Endstufe offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28E1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Phase U-V-W Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltmotor Phase U-V-W Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output stage for the shift motor reports a high phase voltage on at least one of the U/V/W phases. Short to B+ or interrupted load.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Schaltmotors meldet eine zu hohe Phasenspannung auf mindestens einer der U/V/W-Phasen. Kurzschluss nach B+ oder unterbrochene Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Phasenleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28E2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Phase U-V-W Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltmotor Phase U-V-W Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output stage for the shift motor cannot drive current through at least one of the U/V/W phases. Open wire or open winding.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Schaltmotors kann auf mindestens einer der U/V/W-Phasen keinen Strom treiben. Offene Leitung oder offene Wicklung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open phase wire",
            "de": "Offene Phasenleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open motor winding",
            "de": "Offene Motorwicklung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28E3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Phase U-V-W Performance",
        "de": "Schaltmotor Phase U-V-W Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase currents of the shift motor do not match the commanded commutation pattern within tolerance. Sensor or driver synchronisation off.",
        "de": "Die Phasenströme des Schaltmotors stimmen nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Soll-Kommutierungsmuster überein. Sensor- oder Endstufen-Synchronisation versetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rotor_position_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor position sensor offset",
            "de": "Rotorlage-Sensor-Versatz"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current imbalance",
            "de": "Phasenstrom-Unsymmetrie"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28E4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Schaltmotor-Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the shift motor reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Sustained high load or short-circuit fault.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Schaltmotors meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hohe Last oder Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stall_current",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Motor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28E5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Performance",
        "de": "Schaltmotor-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The shift motor does not move the gear actuator within the calibrated time window. Mechanical resistance, weakened motor, or supply voltage low.",
        "de": "Der Schaltmotor bewegt den Gangaktuator nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeitfensters. Mechanischer Widerstand, geschwächter Motor oder zu niedrige Versorgungsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_friction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in gear actuator mechanism",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung im Gangaktuator-Mechanismus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor torque degraded with age",
            "de": "Motormoment mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28E6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Overspeed",
        "de": "Schaltmotor Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The shift motor exceeds the calibrated maximum speed. Mechanical load lost or rotor position offset.",
        "de": "Der Schaltmotor überschreitet die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl. Mechanische Last verloren oder Rotorlage-Versatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical coupling broken - load lost",
            "de": "Mechanische Koppelung gebrochen - Last verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_position_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor position sensor offset",
            "de": "Rotorlage-Sensor-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28E7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Position Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Schaltmotor-Positionssensor Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM cannot read a valid signal from the shift motor rotor position sensor. Open wiring or sensor failure.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät kann vom Rotorlage-Sensor des Schaltmotors kein gültiges Signal lesen. Unterbrochene Verkabelung oder Sensordefekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Sensor-Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28E8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Schaltmotor-Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the shift motor position sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Schaltmotor-Positionssensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28E9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Schaltmotor-Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the shift motor position sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Schaltmotor-Positionssensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28EA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Schaltmotor-Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The shift motor position signal does not correlate with the commanded commutation. Sensor offset or signal integrity degraded.",
        "de": "Das Positionssignal des Schaltmotors korreliert nicht mit der angeforderten Kommutierung. Sensorversatz oder verschlechterte Signalqualität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "noise_pickup",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electrical noise on signal line",
            "de": "Elektrische Störungen auf der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28EB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Position Not Learned",
        "de": "Schaltmotor-Position nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The TCM has not learned the end-stop calibration for the shift motor. Gear positions cannot be commanded with full precision until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Getriebesteuergerät hat die Endanschlag-Kalibrierung des Schaltmotors nicht angelernt. Gangpositionen können erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption präzise angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or TCM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder TCM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift motor replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Schaltmotor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28EC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Shift Motor Position Sensor Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Schaltmotor-Positionssensor Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for the shift motor position sensor exceeds the calibrated learning window. Sensor or mechanism out of nominal range.",
        "de": "Der für den Schaltmotor-Positionssensor erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Sensor oder Mechanik außerhalb des Nennbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "shift_motor",
        "shift_motor_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanical_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical wear shifted end-stops",
            "de": "Mechanischer Verschleiß verschoben die Endanschläge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28ED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Overspeed",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe B Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump B exceeds the calibrated maximum speed for the commanded duty. Mechanical load on the pump unexpectedly low.",
        "de": "Die Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe B überschreitet die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Mechanische Last an der Pumpe unerwartet niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_transmission_pump_b",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller damage - load lost",
            "de": "Pumpenrad-Schaden - Last verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_aerated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aerated fluid - reduced load",
            "de": "Verschäumtes Öl - reduzierte Last"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28EE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Electric/Auxiliary Transmission Fluid Pump B Underspeed",
        "de": "Elektrische/Auxiliäre Getriebeölpumpe B Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary transmission fluid pump B falls below the calibrated minimum speed for the commanded duty. Mechanical resistance high or supply voltage low.",
        "de": "Die Auxiliär-Getriebeölpumpe B fällt unter die kalibrierte Mindestdrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Mechanischer Widerstand zu hoch oder Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_transmission_pump_b",
        "transmission_fluid"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_binding",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump mechanically binding",
            "de": "Pumpe mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28EF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Actuator Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Aktuator Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine disconnect clutch actuator is commanded to engage but does not produce the expected motion. Actuator stuck in disengaged position.",
        "de": "Der Aktuator der Motor-Trennkupplung wird zum Einrücken angesteuert, erzeugt aber nicht die erwartete Bewegung. Aktuator in ausgekuppelter Position festsitzend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically stuck off",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch in Aus-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_pressure_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic engagement pressure lost",
            "de": "Hydraulischer Einrückdruck verloren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28F0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Actuator Stuck On",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Aktuator dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine disconnect clutch actuator stays in the engaged state when release is commanded. Pure electric driving is not available.",
        "de": "Der Aktuator der Motor-Trennkupplung bleibt im eingerückten Zustand, auch wenn Lösen angefordert wurde. Rein elektrisches Fahren ist nicht möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically stuck on",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch in Ein-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "release_pressure_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Release pressure path blocked",
            "de": "Lösendruck-Pfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28F1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a generic fault on the engine disconnect clutch pressure sensor circuit. Engagement pressure cannot be monitored reliably.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Drucksensors der Motor-Trennkupplung. Der Einrückdruck kann nicht zuverlässig überwacht werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28F2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Drucksensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine disconnect clutch pressure signal does not match plausibility checks against actuator commands. Sensor drift or installation offset.",
        "de": "Das Drucksignal der Motor-Trennkupplung stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Aktuatorbefehle überein. Sensordrift oder Einbauversatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_pressure_sensor",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero point drifted",
            "de": "Nullpunkt des Sensors driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose - bias offset",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose - Vorspannungs-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28F3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Drucksensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the engine disconnect clutch pressure sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Drucksensors der Motor-Trennkupplung liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28F4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Drucksensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the engine disconnect clutch pressure sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Drucksensors der Motor-Trennkupplung liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pressure sensor",
            "de": "Offener Drucksensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28F5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Drucksensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine disconnect clutch pressure sensor signal drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground reference.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Drucksensors der Motor-Trennkupplung fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse-Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28F6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Actuator Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Aktuator-Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the engine disconnect clutch actuator drops out intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive wiring.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Aktuators der Motor-Trennkupplung fällt sporadisch aus. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindliche Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator connector not seated",
            "de": "Aktuatorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          2800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          9
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28F7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Too High Bank 1",
        "de": "Abgasdruck zu hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust pressure measured on bank 1 exceeds the calibrated maximum. Common causes are clogged DPF, restricted exhaust path, or stuck exhaust brake/back-pressure valve.",
        "de": "Der auf Bank 1 gemessene Abgasdruck überschreitet das kalibrierte Maximum. Häufige Ursachen sind verstopfter Partikelfilter, eingeengter Abgaspfad oder festsitzende Auspuffbremse/Gegendruckklappe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_b1",
        "particulate_filter",
        "exhaust_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF clogged with soot or ash",
            "de": "Partikelfilter mit Russ oder Asche verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "back_pressure_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Back-pressure valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Gegendruckklappe geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28F8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Too High Bank 2",
        "de": "Abgasdruck zu hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust pressure measured on bank 2 exceeds the calibrated maximum. Common causes are clogged DPF, restricted exhaust path, or stuck exhaust brake/back-pressure valve.",
        "de": "Der auf Bank 2 gemessene Abgasdruck überschreitet das kalibrierte Maximum. Häufige Ursachen sind verstopfter Partikelfilter, eingeengter Abgaspfad oder festsitzende Auspuffbremse/Gegendruckklappe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_b2",
        "particulate_filter",
        "exhaust_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dpf_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DPF clogged with soot or ash",
            "de": "Partikelfilter mit Russ oder Asche verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "back_pressure_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Back-pressure valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Gegendruckklappe geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28F9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Too Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Abgasdruck zu niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust pressure measured on bank 1 falls below the calibrated minimum. Common causes are leaks upstream of the sensor, missing DPF substrate, or sensor calibration drift.",
        "de": "Der auf Bank 1 gemessene Abgasdruck unterschreitet das kalibrierte Minimum. Häufige Ursachen sind Lecks vor dem Sensor, fehlender Partikelfilter-Substrat oder Sensorkalibrierungsdrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_b1",
        "particulate_filter",
        "exhaust_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_upstream",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak upstream of sensor",
            "de": "Abgasleck vor dem Sensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero point drifted",
            "de": "Nullpunkt des Sensors driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P28FA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Too Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Abgasdruck zu niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust pressure measured on bank 2 falls below the calibrated minimum. Common causes are leaks upstream of the sensor, missing DPF substrate, or sensor calibration drift.",
        "de": "Der auf Bank 2 gemessene Abgasdruck unterschreitet das kalibrierte Minimum. Häufige Ursachen sind Lecks vor dem Sensor, fehlender Partikelfilter-Substrat oder Sensorkalibrierungsdrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_b2",
        "particulate_filter",
        "exhaust_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_upstream",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak upstream of sensor",
            "de": "Abgasleck vor dem Sensor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero point drifted",
            "de": "Nullpunkt des Sensors driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A00",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sonde 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Long-term plausibility checks show that the front oxygen sensor on bank 1 reacts too slowly or stays too close to a fixed value. The signal does not show normal cross-counts during closed-loop operation.",
        "de": "Langzeit-Plausibilitaetspruefungen zeigen, dass die vordere Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 zu langsam reagiert oder zu lange auf einem festen Wert verharrt. Im Lambdaregelkreis fehlen die ueblichen Wechsel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oxygen sensor aging",
            "de": "Alterung der Lambdasonde"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor contamination (oil, silicone)",
            "de": "Sensorvergiftung (Oel, Silikon)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A01",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sonde 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rear oxygen sensor on bank 1 does not show the expected slow steady-state behaviour after the catalyst. Either the sensor is degraded or the catalyst itself behaves abnormally.",
        "de": "Die hintere Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 zeigt nach dem Katalysator nicht das erwartete langsame stationaere Verhalten. Entweder ist die Sonde gealtert oder der Katalysator selbst verhaelt sich auffaellig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "catalytic_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aging",
            "de": "Sondenalterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aging",
            "de": "Katalysator-Alterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A02",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The optional third oxygen sensor on bank 1 (typically downstream of a second catalyst) returns implausible values during long-term monitoring.",
        "de": "Die optionale dritte Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 (typischerweise nach einem zweiten Katalysator) liefert in der Langzeitueberwachung unplausible Werte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "catalytic_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aging",
            "de": "Sondenalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A03",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 2 Sonde 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The front oxygen sensor on bank 2 reacts too slowly or shows insufficient signal swing during closed-loop fuel control.",
        "de": "Die vordere Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 reagiert zu langsam oder zeigt im Lambdaregelkreis eine zu geringe Signalamplitude."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "o2_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aging",
            "de": "Sondenalterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor contamination",
            "de": "Sensorvergiftung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A04",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 2 Sonde 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The rear oxygen sensor on bank 2 shows abnormal behaviour during long-term plausibility evaluation. Often a sign of an aged sensor or weakened catalyst.",
        "de": "Die hintere Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 zeigt in der Langzeit-Plausibilitaetspruefung auffaelliges Verhalten. Oft Hinweis auf eine gealterte Sonde oder einen geschwaechten Katalysator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "catalytic_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aging",
            "de": "Sondenalterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst aging",
            "de": "Katalysator-Alterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A05",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 2 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The third oxygen sensor on bank 2 (after a second catalyst stage on some vehicles) returns implausible values. Often related to sensor aging or mechanical exhaust leak upstream.",
        "de": "Die dritte Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 (bei einigen Fahrzeugen nach einer zweiten Katalysatorstufe) liefert unplausible Werte. Haeufig durch Sondenalterung oder ein Abgasleck stromaufwaerts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor",
        "exhaust_pipe"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aging",
            "de": "Sondenalterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak upstream",
            "de": "Abgasleck stromaufwaerts"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A06",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sonde 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth oxygen sensor on bank 1, where present, returns implausible values during long-term plausibility evaluation. Used on multi-stage aftertreatment systems.",
        "de": "Die vierte Lambdasonde auf Bank 1, sofern vorhanden, liefert in der Langzeit-Plausibilitaetspruefung unplausible Werte. Wird in mehrstufigen Abgasnachbehandlungssystemen eingesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aging",
            "de": "Sondenalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A07",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Lambdasonden-Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 2 Sonde 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth oxygen sensor on bank 2 returns values outside the expected long-term performance window during plausibility checks.",
        "de": "Die vierte Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 liefert in der Langzeit-Plausibilitaetspruefung Werte ausserhalb des erwarteten Funktionsfensters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oxygen_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "o2_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor aging",
            "de": "Sondenalterung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A08",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde negative Spannung Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a negative voltage on the signal line of oxygen sensor 3 on bank 1. This is unusual for narrow-band sensors and often indicates a short to a negative reference, ground offset, or a wide-band sensor wired incorrectly.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt eine negative Spannung auf der Signalleitung der Lambdasonde 3 auf Bank 1. Bei Schmalband-Sonden ungewöhnlich - meist Kurzschluss zu einer negativen Referenz, Massenversatz oder falsch verdrahtete Breitbandsonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_neg_ref",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to negative reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit negativer Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between sensor and ECM",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Sensor und Motorsteuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A09",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Lambdasonde negative Spannung Bank 2 Sonde 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a negative voltage on the signal line of oxygen sensor 1 on bank 2. This is unusual for narrow-band sensors and often indicates a short to a negative reference, ground offset, or a wide-band sensor wired incorrectly.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt eine negative Spannung auf der Signalleitung der Lambdasonde 1 auf Bank 2. Bei Schmalband-Sonden ungewöhnlich - meist Kurzschluss zu einer negativen Referenz, Massenversatz oder falsch verdrahtete Breitbandsonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2_s1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_neg_ref",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to negative reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit negativer Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between sensor and ECM",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Sensor und Motorsteuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A0A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Absolutdrucksensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the secondary manifold absolute pressure sensor (MAP B). Air load estimation cannot be cross-checked.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler am sekundären Saugrohr-Absolutdrucksensor (MAP B). Die Luftmassen-Schätzung kann nicht gegengeprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MAP B sensor failed",
            "de": "MAP-B-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A0B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Absolutdrucksensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The MAP B signal does not correlate with TPS, MAF, or RPM as expected. Vacuum leak, restricted port, or sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das MAP-B-Signal korreliert nicht wie erwartet mit Drosselklappe, Luftmassenmesser oder Drehzahl. Unterdruckleck, eingeengter Anschluss oder Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak in intake",
            "de": "Unterdruckleck im Ansaugtrakt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Nullpunkt driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A0C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Absolutdrucksensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the MAP B signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der MAP-B-Signalleitung liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A0D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Absolutdrucksensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the MAP B signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der MAP-B-Signalleitung liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open MAP B sensor",
            "de": "Offener MAP-B-Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A0E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Absolutdrucksensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The MAP B signal drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground reference.",
        "de": "Das MAP-B-Signal fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse-Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A0F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Supply Heater Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Vorheizer Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel supply heater does not raise fuel temperature within the calibrated time window. Common in diesel and biofuel installations to prevent paraffin or fat crystallisation in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoff-Vorheizer erhöht die Kraftstofftemperatur nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeitfensters. Bei Diesel- und Biokraftstoff-Anlagen verbreitet, um Paraffin- oder Fett-Kristallbildung bei Kälte zu verhindern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_supply_heater",
        "fuel_temperature_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_element_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged - low output",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert - geringe Leistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A10",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Lambdasonde negative Spannung Bank 2 Sonde 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a negative voltage on the signal line of oxygen sensor 2 on bank 2. This is unusual for narrow-band sensors and often indicates a short to a negative reference, ground offset, or a wide-band sensor wired incorrectly.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt eine negative Spannung auf der Signalleitung der Lambdasonde 2 auf Bank 2. Bei Schmalband-Sonden ungewöhnlich - meist Kurzschluss zu einer negativen Referenz, Massenversatz oder falsch verdrahtete Breitbandsonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2_s2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_neg_ref",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to negative reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit negativer Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between sensor and ECM",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Sensor und Motorsteuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A11",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Voltage Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde negative Spannung Bank 2 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a negative voltage on the signal line of oxygen sensor 3 on bank 2. This is unusual for narrow-band sensors and often indicates a short to a negative reference, ground offset, or a wide-band sensor wired incorrectly.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt eine negative Spannung auf der Signalleitung der Lambdasonde 3 auf Bank 2. Bei Schmalband-Sonden ungewöhnlich - meist Kurzschluss zu einer negativen Referenz, Massenversatz oder falsch verdrahtete Breitbandsonde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b2_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_neg_ref",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to negative reference",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit negativer Referenz kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between sensor and ECM",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Sensor und Motorsteuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A12",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control C (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung C (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel injection pump control system reports a generic fault on metering channel C (cam, rotor, or injector path). Fuel delivery to the affected channel cannot be regulated as expected.",
        "de": "Das Steuersystem der Einspritzpumpe meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler im Dosierkanal C (Nocken-, Rotor- oder Injektor-Pfad). Die Kraftstoffzumessung zum betroffenen Kanal kann nicht wie erwartet geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_c",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "metering_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metering element drift with wear",
            "de": "Drift des Dosierelements durch Verschleiß"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A13",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control C Range/Performance (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung C Bereich/Leistung (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel metering on channel C of the injection pump is outside the calibrated tolerance. Mechanical wear or pressure regulator drift.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffzumessung auf Kanal C der Einspritzpumpe liegt außerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Mechanischer Verschleiß oder Drift des Druckreglers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_c",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wear_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal wear in pump element",
            "de": "Interner Verschleiß im Pumpenelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator drift",
            "de": "Drift des Druckreglers"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A14",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control C Low (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung C niedrig (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control signal for injection pump metering channel C is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or actuator short.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal für den Dosierkanal C der Einspritzpumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Aktuator-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_c",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in metering actuator",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Dosier-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A15",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control C High (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung C hoch (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control signal for injection pump metering channel C is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or actuator open.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal für den Dosierkanal C der Einspritzpumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Aktuator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_c",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open metering actuator",
            "de": "Offener Dosier-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A16",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control D (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung D (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel injection pump control system reports a generic fault on metering channel D (cam, rotor, or injector path). Fuel delivery to the affected channel cannot be regulated as expected.",
        "de": "Das Steuersystem der Einspritzpumpe meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler im Dosierkanal D (Nocken-, Rotor- oder Injektor-Pfad). Die Kraftstoffzumessung zum betroffenen Kanal kann nicht wie erwartet geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_d",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "metering_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metering element drift with wear",
            "de": "Drift des Dosierelements durch Verschleiß"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A17",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control D Range/Performance (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung D Bereich/Leistung (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel metering on channel D of the injection pump is outside the calibrated tolerance. Mechanical wear or pressure regulator drift.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffzumessung auf Kanal D der Einspritzpumpe liegt außerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Mechanischer Verschleiß oder Drift des Druckreglers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_d",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wear_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal wear in pump element",
            "de": "Interner Verschleiß im Pumpenelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator drift",
            "de": "Drift des Druckreglers"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A18",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control D Low (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung D niedrig (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control signal for injection pump metering channel D is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or actuator short.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal für den Dosierkanal D der Einspritzpumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Aktuator-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_d",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in metering actuator",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Dosier-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A19",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control D High (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung D hoch (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control signal for injection pump metering channel D is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or actuator open.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal für den Dosierkanal D der Einspritzpumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Aktuator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_d",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open metering actuator",
            "de": "Offener Dosier-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A1A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control E (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung E (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel injection pump control system reports a generic fault on metering channel E (cam, rotor, or injector path). Fuel delivery to the affected channel cannot be regulated as expected.",
        "de": "Das Steuersystem der Einspritzpumpe meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler im Dosierkanal E (Nocken-, Rotor- oder Injektor-Pfad). Die Kraftstoffzumessung zum betroffenen Kanal kann nicht wie erwartet geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_e",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "metering_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metering element drift with wear",
            "de": "Drift des Dosierelements durch Verschleiß"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A1B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control E Range/Performance (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung E Bereich/Leistung (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel metering on channel E of the injection pump is outside the calibrated tolerance. Mechanical wear or pressure regulator drift.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffzumessung auf Kanal E der Einspritzpumpe liegt außerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Mechanischer Verschleiß oder Drift des Druckreglers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_e",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wear_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal wear in pump element",
            "de": "Interner Verschleiß im Pumpenelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator drift",
            "de": "Drift des Druckreglers"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A1C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control E Low (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung E niedrig (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control signal for injection pump metering channel E is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or actuator short.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal für den Dosierkanal E der Einspritzpumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Aktuator-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_e",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in metering actuator",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Dosier-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A1D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control E High (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung E hoch (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control signal for injection pump metering channel E is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or actuator open.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal für den Dosierkanal E der Einspritzpumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Aktuator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_e",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open metering actuator",
            "de": "Offener Dosier-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A1E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control F (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung F (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fuel injection pump control system reports a generic fault on metering channel F (cam, rotor, or injector path). Fuel delivery to the affected channel cannot be regulated as expected.",
        "de": "Das Steuersystem der Einspritzpumpe meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler im Dosierkanal F (Nocken-, Rotor- oder Injektor-Pfad). Die Kraftstoffzumessung zum betroffenen Kanal kann nicht wie erwartet geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_f",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "metering_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metering element drift with wear",
            "de": "Drift des Dosierelements durch Verschleiß"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A1F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control F Range/Performance (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung F Bereich/Leistung (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel metering on channel F of the injection pump is outside the calibrated tolerance. Mechanical wear or pressure regulator drift.",
        "de": "Die Kraftstoffzumessung auf Kanal F der Einspritzpumpe liegt außerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Mechanischer Verschleiß oder Drift des Druckreglers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_f",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wear_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal wear in pump element",
            "de": "Interner Verschleiß im Pumpenelement"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator drift",
            "de": "Drift des Druckreglers"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A20",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control F Low (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung F niedrig (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control signal for injection pump metering channel F is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or actuator short.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal für den Dosierkanal F der Einspritzpumpe liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Aktuator-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_f",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in metering actuator",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Dosier-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A21",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control F High (Cam/Rotor/Injector)",
        "de": "Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoffzumessungs-Steuerung F hoch (Nocken/Rotor/Injektor)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control signal for injection pump metering channel F is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or actuator open.",
        "de": "Das Steuersignal für den Dosierkanal F der Einspritzpumpe liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Aktuator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injection_pump_metering_f",
        "injection_pump",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open metering actuator",
            "de": "Offener Dosier-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A22",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve B reports a control circuit/open condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A23",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve B Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil B Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve B reports a control circuit performance/stuck off condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutoff valve mechanically stuck closed",
            "de": "Absperrventil mechanisch geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil force degraded with age",
            "de": "Spulenkraft mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A24",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve B reports a control circuit low condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A25",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve B reports a control circuit high condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A26",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil C Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve C reports a control circuit/open condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A27",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve C Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil C Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve C reports a control circuit performance/stuck off condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutoff valve mechanically stuck closed",
            "de": "Absperrventil mechanisch geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil force degraded with age",
            "de": "Spulenkraft mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A28",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve C reports a control circuit low condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A29",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve C reports a control circuit high condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A2A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve D Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil D Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve D reports a control circuit/open condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A2B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve D Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil D Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve D reports a control circuit performance/stuck off condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutoff valve mechanically stuck closed",
            "de": "Absperrventil mechanisch geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil force degraded with age",
            "de": "Spulenkraft mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A2C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve D Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil D Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve D reports a control circuit low condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A2D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve D Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil D Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve D reports a control circuit high condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A2E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve E Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil E Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve E reports a control circuit/open condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A2F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve E Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil E Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve E reports a control circuit performance/stuck off condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutoff valve mechanically stuck closed",
            "de": "Absperrventil mechanisch geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil force degraded with age",
            "de": "Spulenkraft mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A30",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve E Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil E Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve E reports a control circuit low condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A31",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Shutoff Valve E Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventil E Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank shutoff valve E reports a control circuit high condition. Tank isolation cannot be commanded as expected on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tank-Absperrventils E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Tank-Absperrung kann auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_shutoff_valve_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A32",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AFCM Power Relay Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "AFCM Stromrelais-Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the alternative fuel control module (AFCM) power relay is open. The relay coil cannot be energised on command.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Stromrelais des Alternativkraftstoff-Steuermoduls (AFCM) ist unterbrochen. Die Relaisspule kann auf Anforderung nicht erregt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "afcm_power_relay",
        "afcm",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in relay control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Relais-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A33",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AFCM Power Relay Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "AFCM Stromrelais-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the AFCM power relay control line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or coil short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des AFCM-Stromrelais liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Spulen-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "afcm_power_relay",
        "afcm",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in relay coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A34",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AFCM Power Relay Control Circuit High",
        "de": "AFCM Stromrelais-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the AFCM power relay control line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or coil open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des AFCM-Stromrelais liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offene Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "afcm_power_relay",
        "afcm",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A35",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AFCM Power Relay Sense Circuit",
        "de": "AFCM Stromrelais-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a generic fault on the sense feedback line of its power relay. Relay state cannot be confirmed reliably.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler an der Rückmelde-Leitung seines Stromrelais. Der Schaltzustand des Relais kann nicht zuverlässig bestätigt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "afcm_power_relay",
        "afcm",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open or shorted feedback wire",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung offen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_contact_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contact aged - high resistance",
            "de": "Relaiskontakt gealtert - hoher Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A36",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AFCM Power Relay Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "AFCM Stromrelais-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sense feedback voltage from the AFCM power relay is below the expected window. Indicates the relay output stays low when the relay is commanded on.",
        "de": "Die Rückmeldespannung des AFCM-Stromrelais liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet darauf hin, dass der Relaisausgang niedrig bleibt, obwohl das Relais eingeschaltet wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "afcm_power_relay",
        "afcm",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_contact_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contact stays open",
            "de": "Relaiskontakt bleibt offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A37",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AFCM Power Relay Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "AFCM Stromrelais-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sense feedback voltage from the AFCM power relay is above the expected window. Indicates relay output is energised when the relay should be off, or wire shorted to B+.",
        "de": "Die Rückmeldespannung des AFCM-Stromrelais liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet darauf hin, dass der Relaisausgang erregt ist, obwohl das Relais aus sein sollte, oder die Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "afcm_power_relay",
        "afcm",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contact stuck closed",
            "de": "Relaiskontakt geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_short_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A38",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit/Open Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde positiver Strom-Steuerkreis offen Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the wide-band oxygen sensor positive current pump on bank 1 sensor 3 is open. Pumping current cannot be applied for lambda regulation.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für die positive Pumpstrom-Endstufe der Breitband-Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sonde 3 ist unterbrochen. Es kann kein Pumpstrom für die Lambdaregelung aufgebracht werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump current wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpstrom-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal open in pump cell",
            "de": "Interne Unterbrechung in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A39",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde positiver Strom-Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the wide-band oxygen sensor positive pump current line of bank 1 sensor 3 is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or pump cell short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der positiven Pumpstrom-Leitung der Breitband-Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sonde 3 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Pumpzellen-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump cell",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A3A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Positive Current Control Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde positiver Strom-Steuerkreis hoch Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the wide-band oxygen sensor positive pump current line of bank 1 sensor 3 is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or pump cell open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der positiven Pumpstrom-Leitung der Breitband-Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sonde 3 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offene Pumpzelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump cell",
            "de": "Offene Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A3B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit/Open Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde negativer Strom-Steuerkreis offen Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the wide-band oxygen sensor negative current pump on bank 1 sensor 3 is open. Pumping current cannot be applied for lambda regulation.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis für die negative Pumpstrom-Endstufe der Breitband-Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sonde 3 ist unterbrochen. Es kann kein Pumpstrom für die Lambdaregelung aufgebracht werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump current wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpstrom-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal open in pump cell",
            "de": "Interne Unterbrechung in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A3C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde negativer Strom-Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the wide-band oxygen sensor negative pump current line of bank 1 sensor 3 is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or pump cell short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der negativen Pumpstrom-Leitung der Breitband-Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sonde 3 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Pumpzellen-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump cell",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A3D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde negativer Strom-Steuerkreis hoch Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the wide-band oxygen sensor negative pump current line of bank 1 sensor 3 is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or pump cell open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der negativen Pumpstrom-Leitung der Breitband-Lambdasonde Bank 1 Sonde 3 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offene Pumpzelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump cell",
            "de": "Offene Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A3E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Delivery Error",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Förderung Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that alternative fuel delivery to the engine deviates from the commanded amount. Pump output, valve actuation, or injector flow does not match expectations.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass die Alternativkraftstoff-Förderung zum Motor von der angeforderten Menge abweicht. Pumpenleistung, Ventil-Ansteuerung oder Injektor-Volumenstrom entspricht nicht den Erwartungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump",
        "alt_fuel_injectors",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alt fuel pump output degraded",
            "de": "Förderleistung der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alt fuel injectors partially clogged",
            "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Injektoren teilweise verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A3F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Excessive Time to Enter Alternative Fuel Control",
        "de": "Übermäßige Zeit bis zur Alternativkraftstoff-Steuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "On bi-fuel vehicles, the AFCM cannot transition into alternative fuel control mode within the calibrated time window. Tank pressure low, vaporizer cold, or fuel quality limits the change-over.",
        "de": "Bei Bi-Fuel-Fahrzeugen kann das AFCM nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeitfensters in den Alternativkraftstoff-Steuermodus wechseln. Niedriger Tankdruck, kalter Verdampfer oder Kraftstoffqualität begrenzen die Umschaltung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "afcm",
        "alt_fuel_tank",
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tank_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alt fuel tank pressure low",
            "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankdruck zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vaporizer_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vaporizer not yet at operating temperature",
            "de": "Verdampfer noch nicht auf Betriebstemperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A40",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel System - Injector Leakage to Rail Detected",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-System - Injektor-Leckage zur Verteilerleiste erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects pressure decay in the alternative fuel rail consistent with injector leakage. Even with all injectors commanded closed, fuel flows back into the rail.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen Druckabfall in der Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleiste, der zu einer Injektor-Leckage passt. Auch wenn alle Injektoren geschlossen angesteuert sind, fließt Kraftstoff zurück in die Verteilerleiste."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injectors",
        "alt_fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_seat_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seat worn - leaks closed",
            "de": "Injektorsitz verschlissen - undicht im geschlossenen Zustand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_seal_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector seal aged - external leak path",
            "de": "Injektordichtung gealtert - externer Leckpfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A41",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank B Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank B Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a generic fault on the pressure sensor of alternative fuel tank B. Tank pressure cannot be monitored reliably.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler am Drucksensor des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks B. Der Tankdruck kann nicht zuverlässig überwacht werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_b_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A42",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank B Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank B Drucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pressure signal of alternative fuel tank B does not match plausibility checks against tank temperature and fill level. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Drucksignal des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks B stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Tanktemperatur und Füllstand überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_b_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Nullpunkt driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose - bias offset",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose - Vorspannungs-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A43",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank B Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank B Drucksensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure sensor signal line of alternative fuel tank B is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Drucksensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_b_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A44",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank B Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank B Drucksensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure sensor signal line of alternative fuel tank B is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Drucksensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks B liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_b_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pressure sensor",
            "de": "Offener Drucksensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A45",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank B Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank B Drucksensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pressure sensor signal of alternative fuel tank B drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Drucksensor-Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks B fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_b_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A46",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank C Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank C Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a generic fault on the pressure sensor of alternative fuel tank C. Tank pressure cannot be monitored reliably.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler am Drucksensor des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks C. Der Tankdruck kann nicht zuverlässig überwacht werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_c_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A47",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank C Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank C Drucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pressure signal of alternative fuel tank C does not match plausibility checks against tank temperature and fill level. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Drucksignal des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks C stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Tanktemperatur und Füllstand überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_c_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Nullpunkt driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose - bias offset",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose - Vorspannungs-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A48",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank C Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank C Drucksensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure sensor signal line of alternative fuel tank C is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Drucksensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks C liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_c_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A49",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank C Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank C Drucksensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the pressure sensor signal line of alternative fuel tank C is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Drucksensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks C liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_c_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pressure sensor",
            "de": "Offener Drucksensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A4A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank C Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank C Drucksensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pressure sensor signal of alternative fuel tank C drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Drucksensor-Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks C fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_c_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A4B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Temperatursensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a generic fault on the alternative fuel temperature sensor. Fuel viscosity and density compensation cannot be applied reliably.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler am Alternativkraftstoff-Temperatursensor. Die Kompensation für Kraftstoff-Viskosität und -Dichte kann nicht zuverlässig angewendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A4C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The alternative fuel temperature signal does not match plausibility checks against ambient and fuel-rail temperatures. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Alternativkraftstoff-Temperatursignal stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Umgebungs- und Verteilerleisten-Temperatur überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from fluid path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Medien-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A4D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the alternative fuel temperature sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Alternativkraftstoff-Temperatursensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A4E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the alternative fuel temperature sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Alternativkraftstoff-Temperatursensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open temperature sensor",
            "de": "Offener Temperatursensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A4F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Temperatursensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The alternative fuel temperature sensor signal drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Temperatursensors fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A50",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer A Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer A Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a generic fault on the outlet temperature sensor of alternative fuel vaporizer A. Vaporization control cannot be tuned reliably.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler am Auslasstemperatur-Sensor des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers A. Die Verdampfungssteuerung kann nicht zuverlässig abgestimmt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_a_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A51",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer A Outlet Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer A Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The outlet temperature signal of alternative fuel vaporizer A does not match plausibility checks against fuel rail temperature and engine coolant temperature. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Auslasstemperatur-Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers A stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Verteilerleisten-Temperatur und Motorkühlmittel-Temperatur überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_a_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from fluid path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Medien-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A52",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer A Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer A Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the outlet temperature sensor signal line of alternative fuel vaporizer A is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Auslasstemperatur-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_a_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A53",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer A Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer A Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the outlet temperature sensor signal line of alternative fuel vaporizer A is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Auslasstemperatur-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers A liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_a_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open temperature sensor",
            "de": "Offener Temperatursensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A54",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer A Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer A Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The outlet temperature sensor signal of alternative fuel vaporizer A drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Auslasstemperatur-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers A fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_a_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A55",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer B Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer B Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a generic fault on the outlet temperature sensor of alternative fuel vaporizer B. Vaporization control cannot be tuned reliably.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler am Auslasstemperatur-Sensor des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers B. Die Verdampfungssteuerung kann nicht zuverlässig abgestimmt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_b_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A56",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer B Outlet Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer B Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The outlet temperature signal of alternative fuel vaporizer B does not match plausibility checks against fuel rail temperature and engine coolant temperature. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Auslasstemperatur-Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers B stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Verteilerleisten-Temperatur und Motorkühlmittel-Temperatur überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_b_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from fluid path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Medien-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A57",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer B Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer B Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the outlet temperature sensor signal line of alternative fuel vaporizer B is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Auslasstemperatur-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_b_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A58",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer B Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer B Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the outlet temperature sensor signal line of alternative fuel vaporizer B is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Auslasstemperatur-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers B liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_b_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open temperature sensor",
            "de": "Offener Temperatursensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A59",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer B Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer B Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The outlet temperature sensor signal of alternative fuel vaporizer B drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Auslasstemperatur-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers B fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_b_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A5A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer C Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer C Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a generic fault on the outlet temperature sensor of alternative fuel vaporizer C. Vaporization control cannot be tuned reliably.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler am Auslasstemperatur-Sensor des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers C. Die Verdampfungssteuerung kann nicht zuverlässig abgestimmt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_c_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A5B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer C Outlet Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer C Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The outlet temperature signal of alternative fuel vaporizer C does not match plausibility checks against fuel rail temperature and engine coolant temperature. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Auslasstemperatur-Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers C stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Verteilerleisten-Temperatur und Motorkühlmittel-Temperatur überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_c_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from fluid path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Medien-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A5C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer C Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer C Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the outlet temperature sensor signal line of alternative fuel vaporizer C is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Auslasstemperatur-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers C liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_c_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A5D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer C Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer C Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the outlet temperature sensor signal line of alternative fuel vaporizer C is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Auslasstemperatur-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers C liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_c_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open temperature sensor",
            "de": "Offener Temperatursensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A5E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer C Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer C Auslasstemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The outlet temperature sensor signal of alternative fuel vaporizer C drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Auslasstemperatur-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfers C fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_c_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A5F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank B Level Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank B Füllstandsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a generic fault on the level sensor of alternative fuel tank B. Tank fill level cannot be displayed or used for range calculation.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler am Füllstandsensor des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks B. Der Tankfüllstand kann nicht angezeigt oder für die Reichweitenberechnung verwendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_b_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Level sensor failed",
            "de": "Füllstandsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A60",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank B Level Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank B Füllstandsensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The level signal of alternative fuel tank B does not match plausibility checks against consumption and refuel events. Float stuck or capacitive sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Füllstandsignal des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks B stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Verbrauch und Tankereignisse überein. Schwimmer festsitzend oder kapazitiver Sensor driftet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_b_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "float_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float stuck on guide rod",
            "de": "Schwimmer am Führungsrohr festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A61",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank B Level Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank B Füllstandsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the level sensor signal line of alternative fuel tank B is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Füllstandsensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_b_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A62",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank B Level Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank B Füllstandsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the level sensor signal line of alternative fuel tank B is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Füllstandsensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks B liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_b_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open level sensor",
            "de": "Offener Füllstandsensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A63",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank B Level Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank B Füllstandsensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The level sensor signal of alternative fuel tank B drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive contact.",
        "de": "Das Füllstandsensor-Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks B fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindlicher Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_b_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A64",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank C Level Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank C Füllstandsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a generic fault on the level sensor of alternative fuel tank C. Tank fill level cannot be displayed or used for range calculation.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler am Füllstandsensor des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks C. Der Tankfüllstand kann nicht angezeigt oder für die Reichweitenberechnung verwendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_c_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Level sensor failed",
            "de": "Füllstandsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A65",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank C Level Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank C Füllstandsensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The level signal of alternative fuel tank C does not match plausibility checks against consumption and refuel events. Float stuck or capacitive sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Füllstandsignal des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks C stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Verbrauch und Tankereignisse überein. Schwimmer festsitzend oder kapazitiver Sensor driftet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_c_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "float_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float stuck on guide rod",
            "de": "Schwimmer am Führungsrohr festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A66",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank C Level Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank C Füllstandsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the level sensor signal line of alternative fuel tank C is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Füllstandsensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks C liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_c_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A67",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank C Level Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank C Füllstandsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the level sensor signal line of alternative fuel tank C is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Füllstandsensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks C liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_c_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open level sensor",
            "de": "Offener Füllstandsensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A68",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank C Level Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank C Füllstandsensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The level sensor signal of alternative fuel tank C drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive contact.",
        "de": "Das Füllstandsensor-Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks C fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindlicher Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_c_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A69",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Regulator Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckregler Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a generic fault on the pressure sensor at the inlet of the alternative fuel rail pressure regulator. Regulator inlet pressure cannot be monitored reliably.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler am Drucksensor am Einlass des Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckreglers. Der Reglereingangsdruck kann nicht zuverlässig überwacht werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_regulator",
        "alt_fuel_pump",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A6A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Regulator Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckregler Drucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inlet pressure signal of the alternative fuel rail pressure regulator does not match plausibility checks against tank pressure and pump duty. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Einlassdruck-Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckreglers stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Tankdruck und Pumpenansteuerung überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_regulator",
        "alt_fuel_pump",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Nullpunkt driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose - bias offset",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose - Vorspannungs-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A6B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Regulator Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckregler Drucksensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the inlet pressure sensor signal line of the alternative fuel rail pressure regulator is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Einlassdruck-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckreglers liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_regulator",
        "alt_fuel_pump",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A6C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Regulator Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckregler Drucksensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the inlet pressure sensor signal line of the alternative fuel rail pressure regulator is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Einlassdruck-Sensors des Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckreglers liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_regulator",
        "alt_fuel_pump",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pressure sensor",
            "de": "Offener Drucksensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A6D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Regulator Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckregler Drucksensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inlet pressure sensor signal of the alternative fuel rail pressure regulator drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Einlassdruck-Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckreglers fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_regulator",
        "alt_fuel_pump",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A6E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Regulator Inlet Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckregler Einlassdruck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured inlet pressure of the alternative fuel rail pressure regulator falls below the calibrated minimum. Tank near empty, pump output insufficient, or upstream restriction.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Einlassdruck des Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckreglers fällt unter das kalibrierte Minimum. Tank nahezu leer, unzureichende Pumpenleistung oder Einengung stromaufwärts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_regulator",
        "alt_fuel_pump",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tank_empty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alt fuel tank near empty",
            "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank nahezu leer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alt fuel pump output low",
            "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpenleistung niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A6F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Rail Pressure Regulator Inlet Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckregler Einlassdruck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured inlet pressure of the alternative fuel rail pressure regulator exceeds the calibrated maximum. Pump regulator stuck high or downstream restriction.",
        "de": "Der gemessene Einlassdruck des Alternativkraftstoff-Verteilerleisten-Druckreglers überschreitet das kalibrierte Maximum. Pumpen-Regler auf hohem Niveau festsitzend oder Einengung stromabwärts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_rail_pressure_regulator",
        "alt_fuel_pump",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_regulator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump pressure regulator stuck high",
            "de": "Pumpen-Druckregler auf hohem Niveau festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "downstream_restriction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Restriction downstream of regulator",
            "de": "Einengung stromabwärts des Reglers"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A70",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Fuel Pump Select Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpe Wahlventil Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the alternative fuel hydraulic fuel pump select valve reports a control circuit condition. Pump path selection cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Wahlventils der hydraulischen Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis\". Der Pumpenpfad kann nicht zuverlässig gewählt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pump_select_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Select valve failed",
            "de": "Wahlventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A71",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Fuel Pump Select Valve Control Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpe Wahlventil Steuerung Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the alternative fuel hydraulic fuel pump select valve reports a control range/performance condition. Pump path selection cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Wahlventils der hydraulischen Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Bereich/Leistung\". Der Pumpenpfad kann nicht zuverlässig gewählt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pump_select_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve responds slower than expected",
            "de": "Ventil reagiert langsamer als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A72",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Fuel Pump Select Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpe Wahlventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the alternative fuel hydraulic fuel pump select valve reports a control circuit low condition. Pump path selection cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Wahlventils der hydraulischen Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der Pumpenpfad kann nicht zuverlässig gewählt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pump_select_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A73",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Fuel Pump Select Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpe Wahlventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the alternative fuel hydraulic fuel pump select valve reports a control circuit high condition. Pump path selection cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Wahlventils der hydraulischen Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der Pumpenpfad kann nicht zuverlässig gewählt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pump_select_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A74",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Fuel Pump Select Valve Control Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpe Wahlventil Steuerkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the alternative fuel hydraulic fuel pump select valve reports a control circuit intermittent/erratic condition. Pump path selection cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Wahlventils der hydraulischen Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Der Pumpenpfad kann nicht zuverlässig gewählt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pump_select_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve connector not seated",
            "de": "Ventilstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A75",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Pump Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpen-Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the alternative fuel hydraulic pump pressure sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpen- Drucksensors. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pump_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A76",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Pump Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpen-Drucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The alternative fuel hydraulic pump pressure signal does not match plausibility checks. Sensor drift or installation offset.",
        "de": "Das Drucksignal des Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpen- Sensors stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen überein. Sensordrift oder Einbauversatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pump_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Nullpunkt driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose - bias offset",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose - Vorspannungs-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A77",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Pump Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpen-Drucksensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the alternative fuel hydraulic pump pressure sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpen- Drucksensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pump_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A78",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Pump Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpen-Drucksensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the alternative fuel hydraulic pump pressure sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpen- Drucksensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pump_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pressure sensor",
            "de": "Offener Drucksensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A79",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Pump Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpen-Drucksensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The alternative fuel hydraulic pump pressure sensor signal drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulikpumpen- Drucksensors fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pump_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A7A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulik-Drucksensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the alternative fuel hydraulic system pressure sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulik- Drucksensors. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A7B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulik-Drucksensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The alternative fuel hydraulic system pressure signal does not match plausibility checks. Sensor drift or installation offset.",
        "de": "Das Drucksignal des Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulik- Sensors stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen überein. Sensordrift oder Einbauversatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Nullpunkt driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting loose - bias offset",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung lose - Vorspannungs-Versatz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A7C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulik-Drucksensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the alternative fuel hydraulic system pressure sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulik- Drucksensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A7D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulik-Drucksensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the alternative fuel hydraulic system pressure sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulik- Drucksensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pressure sensor",
            "de": "Offener Drucksensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A7E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Hydraulic Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulik-Drucksensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The alternative fuel hydraulic system pressure sensor signal drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Alternativkraftstoff-Hydraulik- Drucksensors fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_hyd_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A7F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump A Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe A Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump A reports a control circuit/open condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_a_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A80",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump A Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe A Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump A reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_a_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve responds slower than expected",
            "de": "Ventil reagiert langsamer als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A81",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump A Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe A Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump A reports a control circuit low condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_a_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A82",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump A Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe A Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump A reports a control circuit high condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_a_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A83",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump B Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe B Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump B reports a control circuit/open condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_b_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A84",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump B Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe B Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump B reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_b_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve responds slower than expected",
            "de": "Ventil reagiert langsamer als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A85",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump B Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe B Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump B reports a control circuit low condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_b_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A86",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump B Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe B Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump B reports a control circuit high condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_b_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A87",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump C Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe C Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump C reports a control circuit/open condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_c_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A88",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump C Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe C Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump C reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_c_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve responds slower than expected",
            "de": "Ventil reagiert langsamer als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A89",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump C Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe C Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump C reports a control circuit low condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_c_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A8A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump C Compression Stroke Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe C Verdichtungshub-Ventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the compression stroke valve in alternative fuel pump C reports a control circuit high condition. Pump compression stroke cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Verdichtungshub-Ventils der Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der Verdichtungshub der Pumpe kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_c_compression_stroke_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A8B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer A Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that vaporizer A does not heat the alternative fuel from liquid to vapour within the calibrated time and temperature window. Liquid carry-over to the rail is possible.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass der Verdampfer A den Alternativkraftstoff nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeit- und Temperaturfensters von flüssig auf gasförmig erwärmt. Flüssiger Übertrag in die Verteilerleiste möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_a",
        "engine_coolant_circuit",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow through vaporizer reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom durch Verdampfer reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heat_exchanger_fouled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heat exchanger surface fouled",
            "de": "Wärmetauscher-Oberfläche verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A8C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer B Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that vaporizer B does not heat the alternative fuel from liquid to vapour within the calibrated time and temperature window. Liquid carry-over to the rail is possible.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass der Verdampfer B den Alternativkraftstoff nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeit- und Temperaturfensters von flüssig auf gasförmig erwärmt. Flüssiger Übertrag in die Verteilerleiste möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_b",
        "engine_coolant_circuit",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow through vaporizer reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom durch Verdampfer reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heat_exchanger_fouled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heat exchanger surface fouled",
            "de": "Wärmetauscher-Oberfläche verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A8D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Vaporizer C Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verdampfer C Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that vaporizer C does not heat the alternative fuel from liquid to vapour within the calibrated time and temperature window. Liquid carry-over to the rail is possible.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass der Verdampfer C den Alternativkraftstoff nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeit- und Temperaturfensters von flüssig auf gasförmig erwärmt. Flüssiger Übertrag in die Verteilerleiste möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_vaporizer_c",
        "engine_coolant_circuit",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow through vaporizer reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom durch Verdampfer reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heat_exchanger_fouled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heat exchanger surface fouled",
            "de": "Wärmetauscher-Oberfläche verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A8E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump A Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that alternative fuel pump A does not produce the expected pressure or flow for the commanded duty. Pump aging, internal leakage, or supply restriction.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass die Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe A bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung nicht den erwarteten Druck oder Volumenstrom liefert. Pumpenverschleiß, interne Leckage oder Zulaufeinengung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_a",
        "alt_fuel_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump internal wear reduces output",
            "de": "Interner Pumpenverschleiß reduziert Förderleistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel filter clogged",
            "de": "Kraftstofffilter verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A8F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump B Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that alternative fuel pump B does not produce the expected pressure or flow for the commanded duty. Pump aging, internal leakage, or supply restriction.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass die Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe B bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung nicht den erwarteten Druck oder Volumenstrom liefert. Pumpenverschleiß, interne Leckage oder Zulaufeinengung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_b",
        "alt_fuel_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump internal wear reduces output",
            "de": "Interner Pumpenverschleiß reduziert Förderleistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel filter clogged",
            "de": "Kraftstofffilter verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A90",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Pump C Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe C Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that alternative fuel pump C does not produce the expected pressure or flow for the commanded duty. Pump aging, internal leakage, or supply restriction.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass die Alternativkraftstoff-Pumpe C bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung nicht den erwarteten Druck oder Volumenstrom liefert. Pumpenverschleiß, interne Leckage oder Zulaufeinengung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_pump_c",
        "alt_fuel_filter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump internal wear reduces output",
            "de": "Interner Pumpenverschleiß reduziert Förderleistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel filter clogged",
            "de": "Kraftstofffilter verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A91",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve A reports a control circuit/open condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A92",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve A Control Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil A Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve A reports a control performance condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_position",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck in last commanded position",
            "de": "Ventil in letzter Anforderung festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil force degraded",
            "de": "Spulenkraft nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A93",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve A reports a control circuit low condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A94",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve A reports a control circuit high condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A95",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve B reports a control circuit/open condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A96",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve B Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil B Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve B reports a control performance condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_position",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck in last commanded position",
            "de": "Ventil in letzter Anforderung festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil force degraded",
            "de": "Spulenkraft nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A97",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve B reports a control circuit low condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A98",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve B reports a control circuit high condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A99",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil C Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve C reports a control circuit/open condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A9A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve C Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil C Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve C reports a control performance condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_position",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck in last commanded position",
            "de": "Ventil in letzter Anforderung festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil force degraded",
            "de": "Spulenkraft nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A9B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve C reports a control circuit low condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A9C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Select Valve C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventil C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of alternative fuel tank select valve C reports a control circuit high condition. Tank selection on multi-tank CNG/LPG systems cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Tankwahlventils C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Tankauswahl auf Mehrtank-CNG/LPG-Systemen kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_select_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A9D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel High Pressure System Small Leak",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Hochdrucksystem kleines Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects a small leak in the high-pressure alternative fuel system based on pressure decay rate after engine shutdown. Common in CNG vehicles where seal aging causes slow gas loss.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt ein kleines Leck im Hochdruck-Alternativkraftstoffsystem anhand der Druckabbau-Rate nach Motorstillstand. Bei CNG-Fahrzeugen häufig durch gealterte Dichtungen mit langsamem Gasverlust."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_high_pressure_lines",
        "alt_fuel_seals",
        "alt_fuel_tank"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seal_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seal aged at fitting or valve",
            "de": "Dichtung an Verschraubung oder Ventil gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fitting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-pressure fitting loose",
            "de": "Hochdruck-Verschraubung gelockert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A9E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Return Line Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rücklaufleitungsventil Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the alternative fuel return line valve reports a control circuit/open condition. Excess fuel return to the tank cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Rücklaufleitungsventils meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der Kraftstoff-Rücklauf zum Tank kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_return_line_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2A9F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Return Line Valve Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rücklaufleitungsventil Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the alternative fuel return line valve reports a control circuit range/performance condition. Excess fuel return to the tank cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Rücklaufleitungsventils meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der Kraftstoff-Rücklauf zum Tank kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_return_line_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_response_slow",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve responds slower than expected",
            "de": "Ventil reagiert langsamer als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AA0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Return Line Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rücklaufleitungsventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the alternative fuel return line valve reports a control circuit low condition. Excess fuel return to the tank cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Rücklaufleitungsventils meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der Kraftstoff-Rücklauf zum Tank kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_return_line_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AA1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Return Line Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rücklaufleitungsventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the alternative fuel return line valve reports a control circuit high condition. Excess fuel return to the tank cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Alternativkraftstoff-Rücklaufleitungsventils meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der Kraftstoff-Rücklauf zum Tank kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_return_line_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve coil",
            "de": "Offene Ventilspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          180,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AA2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Return Line Insufficient Flow",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Rücklaufleitung unzureichender Volumenstrom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that the flow through the alternative fuel return line is below the expected minimum for the active operating mode. Restricted line, stuck valve, or pump output too low.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass der Volumenstrom durch die Alternativkraftstoff-Rücklaufleitung unter dem für den aktiven Betriebsmodus erwarteten Minimum liegt. Eingeengte Leitung, festsitzendes Ventil oder zu geringe Pumpenförderleistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_return_line",
        "alt_fuel_return_line_valve",
        "alt_fuel_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_restricted",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return line restricted by debris",
            "de": "Rücklaufleitung durch Schmutz eingeengt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return line valve stuck closed",
            "de": "Rücklaufleitungsventil geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AA3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start EGR B Flow Insufficient Detected",
        "de": "Kaltstart-AGR B Volumenstrom unzureichend erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that EGR channel B does not deliver the expected exhaust mass to the intake. NOx reduction cold-start strategy is impaired.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Motorsteuergerät, dass der AGR-Kanal B die erwartete Abgasmenge nicht in die Ansaugung einbringt. Die NOx-Reduktion in der Kaltstart-Strategie ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_b",
        "egr_cooler_b",
        "egr_diff_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_passages_clogged_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon-clogged EGR passages restrict flow",
            "de": "Verkokte AGR-Kanäle drosseln den Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve sluggish at cold temperatures",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil bei Kälte träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AA4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start EGR B Flow Excessive Detected",
        "de": "Kaltstart-AGR B Volumenstrom übermäßig erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that EGR channel B delivers more exhaust mass than commanded. Engine smoothness and warm-up calibration may be affected.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Motorsteuergerät, dass der AGR-Kanal B mehr Abgasmenge als angefordert einbringt. Laufruhe und Warmlauf-Kalibrierung können beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_b",
        "egr_cooler_b",
        "egr_diff_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve stuck partially open",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil teilweise offen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator overshoots commanded position",
            "de": "Aktuator überschwingt Sollposition"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AA5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High Bank 1",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass-Steuerendstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the EGR cooler bypass actuator on bank 1 reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Stalled actuator or short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des AGR-Kühler-Bypass-Aktuators auf Bank 1 meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Festsitzender Aktuator oder Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_actuator_b1",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass actuator mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Bypass-Aktuator mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AA6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EGR Cooler Bypass Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High Bank 2",
        "de": "AGR-Kühler-Bypass-Steuerendstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the EGR cooler bypass actuator on bank 2 reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Stalled actuator or short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des AGR-Kühler-Bypass-Aktuators auf Bank 2 meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Festsitzender Aktuator oder Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_actuator_b2",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass actuator mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Bypass-Aktuator mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AA7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the engine coolant bypass valve B position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil-B-Positions-Sensors. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AA8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Position Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant bypass valve B position signal does not match plausibility checks against related signals. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil-B-Positions-Signal stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen verwandte Signale überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from reference path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Referenz-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AA9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the engine coolant bypass valve B position sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil-B-Positions-Sensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AAA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the engine coolant bypass valve B position sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil-B-Positions-Sensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AAB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil B Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant bypass valve B position sensor signal drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil-B-Positions-Sensors fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AAC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Fuel Presence Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Diesel-Kraftstoff-Anwesenheitssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the diesel fuel presence sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Diesel-Kraftstoff-Anwesenheits-Sensors. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_fuel_presence_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AAD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Fuel Presence Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Diesel-Kraftstoff-Anwesenheitssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The diesel fuel presence signal does not match plausibility checks against related signals. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Diesel-Kraftstoff-Anwesenheits-Signal stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen verwandte Signale überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_fuel_presence_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from reference path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Referenz-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AAE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Fuel Presence Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Diesel-Kraftstoff-Anwesenheitssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the diesel fuel presence sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Diesel-Kraftstoff-Anwesenheits-Sensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_fuel_presence_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AAF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Diesel Fuel Presence Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Diesel-Kraftstoff-Anwesenheitssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the diesel fuel presence sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Diesel-Kraftstoff-Anwesenheits-Sensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_fuel_presence_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AB0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Processor Performance",
        "de": "Partikelmasse-Sensor Prozessor-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a processing performance fault inside the particulate matter (PM) sensor module. Internal self-tests fail or computed soot mass is implausible.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt einen Verarbeitungsfehler im Partikelmasse-Sensor-Modul. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die berechnete Russmasse ist unplausibel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm_sensor",
        "pm_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal PM sensor module fault",
            "de": "Interner PM-Sensor-Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "firmware_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module firmware corruption after voltage drop",
            "de": "Modul-Firmware nach Spannungseinbruch beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AB1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizungs-Steuermodul Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the catalyst heater control module does not respond to commands within the expected window. Heating output is reduced or absent during catalyst light-off.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt, dass das Katalysator-Heizungs-Steuermodul nicht innerhalb des erwarteten Zeitfensters auf Anforderungen reagiert. Die Heizleistung beim Katalysator-Light-Off ist reduziert oder fehlt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_heater_module",
        "catalyst_heater_element"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal control module fault",
            "de": "Interner Steuermodulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication with ECM degraded",
            "de": "Kommunikation zum Motorsteuergerät verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AB2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Heater Control Module Supply Voltage",
        "de": "Katalysator-Heizungs-Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The catalyst heater control module reports supply voltage outside the expected window. Heating output cannot be regulated as expected.",
        "de": "Das Katalysator-Heizungs-Steuermodul meldet eine Versorgungsspannung außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs. Die Heizleistung kann nicht wie erwartet geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_heater_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Modul-Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator drift",
            "de": "Generator-Regler driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AB3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Intake Manifold Runner Control Stuck Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Steuerung Bank 1 offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the intake manifold runner control on bank 1 cannot reach the closed position. Tumble/swirl effect for cold-start mixture preparation is reduced.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart kann die Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Steuerung auf Bank 1 die geschlossene Stellung nicht erreichen. Tumble/Swirl-Effekt für die Kaltstart-Gemischaufbereitung ist reduziert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator_b1",
        "intake_manifold_runners"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator sluggish at cold temperatures",
            "de": "Aktuator bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage iced or stiff",
            "de": "Gestänge vereist oder schwergängig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AB4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Intake Manifold Runner Control Stuck Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Steuerung Bank 2 offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the intake manifold runner control on bank 2 cannot reach the closed position. Tumble/swirl effect for cold-start mixture preparation is reduced.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart kann die Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Steuerung auf Bank 2 die geschlossene Stellung nicht erreichen. Tumble/Swirl-Effekt für die Kaltstart-Gemischaufbereitung ist reduziert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator_b2",
        "intake_manifold_runners"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator sluggish at cold temperatures",
            "de": "Aktuator bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage iced or stiff",
            "de": "Gestänge vereist oder schwergängig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AB5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Intake Manifold Runner Control Stuck Closed Bank 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Steuerung Bank 1 geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the intake manifold runner control on bank 1 cannot reach the open position. Air supply may be restricted as the engine warms up.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart kann die Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Steuerung auf Bank 1 die offene Stellung nicht erreichen. Luftzufuhr kann beim Warmlauf gedrosselt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator_b1",
        "intake_manifold_runners"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator sluggish at cold temperatures",
            "de": "Aktuator bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage iced or stiff",
            "de": "Gestänge vereist oder schwergängig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AB6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Intake Manifold Runner Control Stuck Closed Bank 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart-Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Steuerung Bank 2 geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the intake manifold runner control on bank 2 cannot reach the open position. Air supply may be restricted as the engine warms up.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart kann die Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Steuerung auf Bank 2 die offene Stellung nicht erreichen. Luftzufuhr kann beim Warmlauf gedrosselt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator_b2",
        "intake_manifold_runners"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator sluggish at cold temperatures",
            "de": "Aktuator bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage iced or stiff",
            "de": "Gestänge vereist oder schwergängig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AB7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wastegate Position Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Wastegate-Positionssensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the wastegate position sensor A circuit. Boost actuator position cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Wastegate-Positionssensors A. Die Position des Ladedruck-Aktuators kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AB8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wastegate Position Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wastegate-Positionssensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the wastegate position sensor A signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Wastegate-Positionssensors A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AB9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wastegate Position Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Wastegate-Positionssensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the wastegate position sensor A signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Wastegate-Positionssensors A liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ABA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wastegate Position Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Wastegate-Positionssensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the wastegate position sensor B circuit. Boost actuator position cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Wastegate-Positionssensors B. Die Position des Ladedruck-Aktuators kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ABB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wastegate Position Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wastegate-Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the wastegate position sensor B signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Wastegate-Positionssensors B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ABC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wastegate Position Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Wastegate-Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the wastegate position sensor B signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Wastegate-Positionssensors B liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ABD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Actuator A Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate-Aktuator A Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the wastegate actuator A reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Stalled actuator or short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Wastegate-Aktuators A meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Festsitzender Aktuator oder Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator_a",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate actuator mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Wastegate-Aktuator mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ABE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Actuator B Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate-Aktuator B Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the wastegate actuator B reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Stalled actuator or short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Wastegate-Aktuators B meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Festsitzender Aktuator oder Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate actuator mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Wastegate-Aktuator mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ABF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit/Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis offen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage supplied to the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a circuit fault/open condition. Lambda measurement on the intake side is unreliable.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis offen\". Die Lambda-Messung auf der Ansaugseite ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in reference voltage wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Referenzspannungs-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake air O2 sensor failed",
            "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AC0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage supplied to the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a range/performance condition. Lambda measurement on the intake side is unreliable.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Lambda-Messung auf der Ansaugseite ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ref_voltage_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference voltage drifted from nominal",
            "de": "Referenzspannung vom Nennwert abgewichen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AC1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage supplied to the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a low condition. Lambda measurement on the intake side is unreliable.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Lambda-Messung auf der Ansaugseite ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Referenzleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor reference",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Sensorreferenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AC2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage supplied to the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a high condition. Lambda measurement on the intake side is unreliable.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Lambda-Messung auf der Ansaugseite ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Referenzleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenzregler überschwingt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AC3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit/Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis offen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage supplied to the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a circuit fault/open condition. Lambda measurement on the intake side is unreliable.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis offen\". Die Lambda-Messung auf der Ansaugseite ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in reference voltage wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Referenzspannungs-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake air O2 sensor failed",
            "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AC4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage supplied to the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a range/performance condition. Lambda measurement on the intake side is unreliable.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Lambda-Messung auf der Ansaugseite ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ref_voltage_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference voltage drifted from nominal",
            "de": "Referenzspannung vom Nennwert abgewichen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AC5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage supplied to the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a low condition. Lambda measurement on the intake side is unreliable.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Lambda-Messung auf der Ansaugseite ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Referenzleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in sensor reference",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Sensorreferenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AC6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Reference Voltage Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reference voltage supplied to the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a high condition. Lambda measurement on the intake side is unreliable.",
        "de": "Die Referenzspannung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Referenzspannungs-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Lambda-Messung auf der Ansaugseite ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reference wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Referenzleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenzregler überschwingt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AC7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the charge air cooler coolant temperature B sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatur-B--Sensors. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_air_cooler_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AC8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge air cooler coolant temperature B signal does not match plausibility checks against related signals. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatur-B--Signal stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen verwandte Signale überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_air_cooler_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from reference path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Referenz-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AC9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the charge air cooler coolant temperature B sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatur-B--Sensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_air_cooler_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ACA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the charge air cooler coolant temperature B sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatur-B--Sensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_air_cooler_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ACB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge air cooler coolant temperature B sensor signal drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmitteltemperatur-B--Sensors fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_air_cooler_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ACC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the reductant temperature B sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Reduktionsmittel-Temperatur-B--Sensors. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ACD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant temperature B signal does not match plausibility checks against related signals. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Reduktionsmittel-Temperatur-B--Signal stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen verwandte Signale überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from reference path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Referenz-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ACE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the reductant temperature B sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Reduktionsmittel-Temperatur-B--Sensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ACF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the reductant temperature B sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Reduktionsmittel-Temperatur-B--Sensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AD0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant temperature B sensor signal drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Reduktionsmittel-Temperatur-B--Sensors fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AD1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch C/G Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor C/G Spannungs-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage signals of throttle/pedal position channels C and G do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor element drifted or harness shows offset between channels.",
        "de": "Die Spannungssignale der Drosselklappen-/Pedalkanäle C und G korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensorelement driftet oder die Verkabelung zeigt einen Versatz zwischen den Kanälen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tps_channel_c",
        "tps_channel_g",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "channel_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor channel C or G drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkanal C oder G driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness offset between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelungs-Versatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AD2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B/G Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor B/G Spannungs-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage signals of throttle/pedal position channels B and G do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor element drifted or harness shows offset between channels.",
        "de": "Die Spannungssignale der Drosselklappen-/Pedalkanäle B und G korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensorelement driftet oder die Verkabelung zeigt einen Versatz zwischen den Kanälen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tps_channel_b",
        "tps_channel_g",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "channel_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor channel B or G drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkanal B oder G driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness offset between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelungs-Versatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AD3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A/G Voltage Correlation",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-/Pedalpositionssensor A/G Spannungs-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage signals of throttle/pedal position channels A and G do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor element drifted or harness shows offset between channels.",
        "de": "Die Spannungssignale der Drosselklappen-/Pedalkanäle A und G korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensorelement driftet oder die Verkabelung zeigt einen Versatz zwischen den Kanälen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tps_channel_a",
        "tps_channel_g",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "channel_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor channel A or G drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkanal A oder G driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness offset between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelungs-Versatz zwischen Kanälen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AD4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate System Voltage Low",
        "de": "Zwischenkreis-Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intermediate (DC-link) system voltage in the hybrid power electronics is below the expected window. Common in HEV/EV inverter circuits when the DC bus drops under load.",
        "de": "Die Zwischenkreis-Spannung in der Hybrid-Leistungselektronik liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Bei HEV/EV-Wechselrichtern verbreitet, wenn der Gleichspannungs-Bus unter Last einbricht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_link_capacitor",
        "hv_battery",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_undervoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV battery output low under load",
            "de": "HV-Batterie-Spannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dc_link_cap_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "DC-link capacitor aged - increased ESR",
            "de": "DC-Link-Kondensator gealtert - erhöhter ESR"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AD5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate System Voltage High",
        "de": "Zwischenkreis-Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intermediate (DC-link) system voltage in the hybrid power electronics is above the expected window. Common during regenerative braking when energy recovery exceeds storage capacity.",
        "de": "Die Zwischenkreis-Spannung in der Hybrid-Leistungselektronik liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Beim regenerativen Bremsen verbreitet, wenn die Energierückgewinnung die Speicherkapazität übersteigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_link_capacitor",
        "hv_battery",
        "regenerative_brake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regen_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regenerative braking overshoot",
            "de": "Regeneratives Bremsen überschwingt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bms_balance_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS cell balancing off - voltage spikes",
            "de": "BMS-Zellbalancierung versetzt - Spannungsspitzen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AD6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump Motor Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Pumpenmotor-Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the reductant pump motor position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Reduktionsmittel-Pumpenmotor-Positions-Sensors. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump_motor_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AD7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump Motor Position Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Pumpenmotor-Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant pump motor position signal does not match plausibility checks against related signals. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Reduktionsmittel-Pumpenmotor-Positions-Signal stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen verwandte Signale überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump_motor_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from reference path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Referenz-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AD8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump Motor Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Pumpenmotor-Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the reductant pump motor position sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Reduktionsmittel-Pumpenmotor-Positions-Sensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump_motor_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AD9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump Motor Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Pumpenmotor-Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the reductant pump motor position sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Reduktionsmittel-Pumpenmotor-Positions-Sensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump_motor_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ADA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Tank-Temperatursensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant tank B temperature signal does not match plausibility checks against related signals. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Reduktionsmittel-Tank-B-Temperatur-Signal stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen verwandte Signale überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from reference path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Referenz-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ADB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Tank-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the reductant tank B temperature sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Reduktionsmittel-Tank-B-Temperatur-Sensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ADC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Tank-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the reductant tank B temperature sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Reduktionsmittel-Tank-B-Temperatur-Sensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ADD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Tank-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant tank B temperature sensor signal drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Reduktionsmittel-Tank-B-Temperatur-Sensors fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ADE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Tank Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Tank-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the reductant tank B temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Reduktionsmittel-Tank-B-Temperatur-Sensors. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2ADF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air System Leak Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluftsystem Leck Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a leak in the intake air system on bank 2. Air entering downstream of the MAF sensor causes lean fuel trim and unmetered air ingress.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt ein Leck im Ansaugluftsystem auf Bank 2. Luft, die nach dem Luftmassenmesser eindringt, führt zu magerem Kraftstofftrimm und unbemessenem Lufteintritt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_b2",
        "intake_hoses_b2",
        "intake_gaskets_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intake_hose_split",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cracked intake hose between MAF and throttle",
            "de": "Gerissener Ansaugschlauch zwischen Luftmassenmesser und Drosselklappe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "manifold_gasket_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake manifold gasket leaking",
            "de": "Saugrohrdichtung undicht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AE0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trim Stromkreis offen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The trim adjustment for the pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a circuit open condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Trim-Anpassung für den Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump current wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpstrom-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal open in pump cell",
            "de": "Interne Unterbrechung in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AE1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trim Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The trim adjustment for the pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Trim-Anpassung für den Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump cell",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AE2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trim Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The trim adjustment for the pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Trim-Anpassung für den Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump cell",
            "de": "Offene Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AE3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom Stromkreis offen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a circuit open condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump current wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpstrom-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal open in pump cell",
            "de": "Interne Unterbrechung in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AE4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump cell",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AE5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump cell",
            "de": "Offene Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AE6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Negativer Strom-Steuerkreis Stromkreis offen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative pump current control of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a circuit open condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die negative Pumpstrom-Steuerung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump current wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpstrom-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal open in pump cell",
            "de": "Interne Unterbrechung in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AE7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Negativer Strom-Steuerkreis Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative pump current control of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die negative Pumpstrom-Steuerung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump cell",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AE8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Negativer Strom-Steuerkreis Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative pump current control of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die negative Pumpstrom-Steuerung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump cell",
            "de": "Offene Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AE9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trim Stromkreis offen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The trim adjustment for the pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a circuit open condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Trim-Anpassung für den Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump current wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpstrom-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal open in pump cell",
            "de": "Interne Unterbrechung in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AEA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trim Stromkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The trim adjustment for the pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a circuit low condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Trim-Anpassung für den Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump cell",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AEB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trim Stromkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The trim adjustment for the pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a circuit high condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Trim-Anpassung für den Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump cell",
            "de": "Offene Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AEC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom Stromkreis offen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a circuit open condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump current wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpstrom-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal open in pump cell",
            "de": "Interne Unterbrechung in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom Stromkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a circuit low condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump cell",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AEE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Pumping Current Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Pumpstrom Stromkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pumping current of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a circuit high condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Pumpstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump cell",
            "de": "Offene Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AEF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit Open Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Negativer Strom-Steuerkreis Stromkreis offen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative pump current control of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a circuit open condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die negative Pumpstrom-Steuerung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump current wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpstrom-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal open in pump cell",
            "de": "Interne Unterbrechung in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AF0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Negativer Strom-Steuerkreis Stromkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative pump current control of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a circuit low condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die negative Pumpstrom-Steuerung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump cell",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AF1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Negative Current Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Negativer Strom-Steuerkreis Stromkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative pump current control of the intake air oxygen sensor on bank 2 reports a circuit high condition. Wide-band lambda regulation on the intake side is impaired.",
        "de": "Die negative Pumpstrom-Steuerung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Breitband-Lambda-Regelung auf der Ansaugseite ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump current wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Pumpstrom-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump cell",
            "de": "Offene Pumpzelle"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AF2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Starterrelais C Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter relay C reports a control circuit/open condition. Engine cranking can be inhibited or commanded unintentionally.",
        "de": "Das Starterrelais C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der Motorstart kann unterbunden oder unbeabsichtigt angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in relay control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Relais-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AF3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Starterrelais C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter relay C reports a control circuit low condition. Engine cranking can be inhibited or commanded unintentionally.",
        "de": "Das Starterrelais C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der Motorstart kann unterbunden oder unbeabsichtigt angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in relay coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AF4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Starterrelais C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter relay C reports a control circuit high condition. Engine cranking can be inhibited or commanded unintentionally.",
        "de": "Das Starterrelais C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der Motorstart kann unterbunden oder unbeabsichtigt angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AF5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay C Stuck On",
        "de": "Starterrelais C dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter relay C reports a stuck on condition. Engine cranking can be inhibited or commanded unintentionally.",
        "de": "Das Starterrelais C meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Der Motorstart kann unterbunden oder unbeabsichtigt angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AF6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay C Stuck Off",
        "de": "Starterrelais C dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter relay C reports a stuck off condition. Engine cranking can be inhibited or commanded unintentionally.",
        "de": "Das Starterrelais C meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Der Motorstart kann unterbunden oder unbeabsichtigt angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts oxidised - high resistance",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte oxidiert - hoher Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay coil burned out",
            "de": "Relaisspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AF7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay D Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Starterrelais D Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter relay D reports a control circuit/open condition. Engine cranking can be inhibited or commanded unintentionally.",
        "de": "Das Starterrelais D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der Motorstart kann unterbunden oder unbeabsichtigt angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in relay control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Relais-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AF8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay D Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Starterrelais D Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter relay D reports a control circuit low condition. Engine cranking can be inhibited or commanded unintentionally.",
        "de": "Das Starterrelais D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der Motorstart kann unterbunden oder unbeabsichtigt angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in relay coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AF9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay D Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Starterrelais D Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter relay D reports a control circuit high condition. Engine cranking can be inhibited or commanded unintentionally.",
        "de": "Das Starterrelais D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der Motorstart kann unterbunden oder unbeabsichtigt angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open relay coil",
            "de": "Offene Relaisspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AFA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay D Stuck On",
        "de": "Starterrelais D dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter relay D reports a stuck on condition. Engine cranking can be inhibited or commanded unintentionally.",
        "de": "Das Starterrelais D meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Der Motorstart kann unterbunden oder unbeabsichtigt angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AFB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter Relay D Stuck Off",
        "de": "Starterrelais D dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Starter relay D reports a stuck off condition. Engine cranking can be inhibited or commanded unintentionally.",
        "de": "Das Starterrelais D meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Der Motorstart kann unterbunden oder unbeabsichtigt angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_relay_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts oxidised - high resistance",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte oxidiert - hoher Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay coil burned out",
            "de": "Relaisspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AFC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 4 Circuit",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 4 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the engine coolant temperature 4 sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-4--Sensors. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_4",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AFD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 4 Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 4 Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant temperature 4 signal does not match plausibility checks against related signals. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-4--Signal stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen verwandte Signale überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_4",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from reference path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Referenz-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AFE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 4 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 4 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the engine coolant temperature 4 sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-4--Sensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_4",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2AFF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 4 Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 4 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the engine coolant temperature 4 sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-4--Sensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_4",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B00",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 1 does not produce the expected combustion result. Pulse width, timing, or quantity drift compared to the bank average.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 1 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Impulsdauer, Zeitpunkt oder Menge driften gegenüber dem Bank-Mittelwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_1",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Injektor gealtert - Volumenstrom-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality affecting injection result",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität beeinflusst Einspritzergebnis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B01",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 2 does not produce the expected combustion result. Pulse width, timing, or quantity drift compared to the bank average.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 2 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Impulsdauer, Zeitpunkt oder Menge driften gegenüber dem Bank-Mittelwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_2",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Injektor gealtert - Volumenstrom-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality affecting injection result",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität beeinflusst Einspritzergebnis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B02",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 3 does not produce the expected combustion result. Pulse width, timing, or quantity drift compared to the bank average.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 3 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Impulsdauer, Zeitpunkt oder Menge driften gegenüber dem Bank-Mittelwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_3",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Injektor gealtert - Volumenstrom-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality affecting injection result",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität beeinflusst Einspritzergebnis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B03",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 4 does not produce the expected combustion result. Pulse width, timing, or quantity drift compared to the bank average.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 4 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Impulsdauer, Zeitpunkt oder Menge driften gegenüber dem Bank-Mittelwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_4",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Injektor gealtert - Volumenstrom-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality affecting injection result",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität beeinflusst Einspritzergebnis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B04",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 5 does not produce the expected combustion result. Pulse width, timing, or quantity drift compared to the bank average.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 5 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Impulsdauer, Zeitpunkt oder Menge driften gegenüber dem Bank-Mittelwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_5",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Injektor gealtert - Volumenstrom-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality affecting injection result",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität beeinflusst Einspritzergebnis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B05",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 6 does not produce the expected combustion result. Pulse width, timing, or quantity drift compared to the bank average.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 6 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Impulsdauer, Zeitpunkt oder Menge driften gegenüber dem Bank-Mittelwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_6",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Injektor gealtert - Volumenstrom-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality affecting injection result",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität beeinflusst Einspritzergebnis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B06",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 7 does not produce the expected combustion result. Pulse width, timing, or quantity drift compared to the bank average.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 7 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Impulsdauer, Zeitpunkt oder Menge driften gegenüber dem Bank-Mittelwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_7",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Injektor gealtert - Volumenstrom-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality affecting injection result",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität beeinflusst Einspritzergebnis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B07",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 8 does not produce the expected combustion result. Pulse width, timing, or quantity drift compared to the bank average.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät erkennt, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 8 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Impulsdauer, Zeitpunkt oder Menge driften gegenüber dem Bank-Mittelwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_8",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector aged - flow characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Injektor gealtert - Volumenstrom-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality affecting injection result",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität beeinflusst Einspritzergebnis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B08",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 1 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 1 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 1 does not produce the expected combustion result. Cold-start specific pulse calibration deviates from learned values.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Motorsteuergerät, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 1 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Die kaltstart-spezifische Impulskalibrierung weicht von den gelernten Werten ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_1",
        "cold_start_calibration"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_cold_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector behaviour drifts at low temperature",
            "de": "Injektor-Verhalten driftet bei niedriger Temperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_atomization_poor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor fuel atomization at cold start",
            "de": "Schlechte Kraftstoff-Zerstäubung beim Kaltstart"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B09",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 2 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 2 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 2 does not produce the expected combustion result. Cold-start specific pulse calibration deviates from learned values.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Motorsteuergerät, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 2 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Die kaltstart-spezifische Impulskalibrierung weicht von den gelernten Werten ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_2",
        "cold_start_calibration"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_cold_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector behaviour drifts at low temperature",
            "de": "Injektor-Verhalten driftet bei niedriger Temperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_atomization_poor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor fuel atomization at cold start",
            "de": "Schlechte Kraftstoff-Zerstäubung beim Kaltstart"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B0A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 3 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 3 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 3 does not produce the expected combustion result. Cold-start specific pulse calibration deviates from learned values.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Motorsteuergerät, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 3 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Die kaltstart-spezifische Impulskalibrierung weicht von den gelernten Werten ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_3",
        "cold_start_calibration"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_cold_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector behaviour drifts at low temperature",
            "de": "Injektor-Verhalten driftet bei niedriger Temperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_atomization_poor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor fuel atomization at cold start",
            "de": "Schlechte Kraftstoff-Zerstäubung beim Kaltstart"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B0B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 4 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 4 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 4 does not produce the expected combustion result. Cold-start specific pulse calibration deviates from learned values.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Motorsteuergerät, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 4 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Die kaltstart-spezifische Impulskalibrierung weicht von den gelernten Werten ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_4",
        "cold_start_calibration"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_cold_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector behaviour drifts at low temperature",
            "de": "Injektor-Verhalten driftet bei niedriger Temperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_atomization_poor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor fuel atomization at cold start",
            "de": "Schlechte Kraftstoff-Zerstäubung beim Kaltstart"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B0C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 5 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 5 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 5 does not produce the expected combustion result. Cold-start specific pulse calibration deviates from learned values.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Motorsteuergerät, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 5 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Die kaltstart-spezifische Impulskalibrierung weicht von den gelernten Werten ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_5",
        "cold_start_calibration"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_cold_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector behaviour drifts at low temperature",
            "de": "Injektor-Verhalten driftet bei niedriger Temperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_atomization_poor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor fuel atomization at cold start",
            "de": "Schlechte Kraftstoff-Zerstäubung beim Kaltstart"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B0D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 6 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 6 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 6 does not produce the expected combustion result. Cold-start specific pulse calibration deviates from learned values.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Motorsteuergerät, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 6 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Die kaltstart-spezifische Impulskalibrierung weicht von den gelernten Werten ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_6",
        "cold_start_calibration"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_cold_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector behaviour drifts at low temperature",
            "de": "Injektor-Verhalten driftet bei niedriger Temperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_atomization_poor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor fuel atomization at cold start",
            "de": "Schlechte Kraftstoff-Zerstäubung beim Kaltstart"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B0E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 7 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 7 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 7 does not produce the expected combustion result. Cold-start specific pulse calibration deviates from learned values.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Motorsteuergerät, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 7 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Die kaltstart-spezifische Impulskalibrierung weicht von den gelernten Werten ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_7",
        "cold_start_calibration"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_cold_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector behaviour drifts at low temperature",
            "de": "Injektor-Verhalten driftet bei niedriger Temperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_atomization_poor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor fuel atomization at cold start",
            "de": "Schlechte Kraftstoff-Zerstäubung beim Kaltstart"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B0F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 8 Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 8 Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that the injection pulse on cylinder 8 does not produce the expected combustion result. Cold-start specific pulse calibration deviates from learned values.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Motorsteuergerät, dass der Einspritzimpuls auf Zylinder 8 nicht das erwartete Verbrennungsergebnis liefert. Die kaltstart-spezifische Impulskalibrierung weicht von den gelernten Werten ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_8",
        "cold_start_calibration"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_cold_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector behaviour drifts at low temperature",
            "de": "Injektor-Verhalten driftet bei niedriger Temperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_atomization_poor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Poor fuel atomization at cold start",
            "de": "Schlechte Kraftstoff-Zerstäubung beim Kaltstart"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B10",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injection Pulse Offset Not Learned",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM has not yet learned the per-cylinder injection pulse offset for cylinder 1. Combustion equalisation between cylinders cannot be applied until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat den Einspritzimpuls-Versatz für Zylinder 1 noch nicht angelernt. Eine Verbrennungs-Angleichung zwischen den Zylindern kann erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption angewendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_1",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or ECM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder ECM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Injektor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B11",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Injection Pulse Offset Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injection pulse offset adaptation for cylinder 1 exceeds the calibrated learning window. Injector aging or fuel pressure drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Adaption des Einspritzimpuls-Versatzes für Zylinder 1 überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Injektorverschleiß oder Kraftstoffdruck-Drift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_1",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Injektor jenseits des Kompensationsbereichs verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure drift",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Verteilerdruck driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B12",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injection Pulse Offset Not Learned",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM has not yet learned the per-cylinder injection pulse offset for cylinder 2. Combustion equalisation between cylinders cannot be applied until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat den Einspritzimpuls-Versatz für Zylinder 2 noch nicht angelernt. Eine Verbrennungs-Angleichung zwischen den Zylindern kann erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption angewendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_2",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or ECM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder ECM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Injektor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B13",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Injection Pulse Offset Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injection pulse offset adaptation for cylinder 2 exceeds the calibrated learning window. Injector aging or fuel pressure drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Adaption des Einspritzimpuls-Versatzes für Zylinder 2 überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Injektorverschleiß oder Kraftstoffdruck-Drift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_2",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Injektor jenseits des Kompensationsbereichs verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure drift",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Verteilerdruck driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B14",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injection Pulse Offset Not Learned",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM has not yet learned the per-cylinder injection pulse offset for cylinder 3. Combustion equalisation between cylinders cannot be applied until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat den Einspritzimpuls-Versatz für Zylinder 3 noch nicht angelernt. Eine Verbrennungs-Angleichung zwischen den Zylindern kann erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption angewendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_3",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or ECM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder ECM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Injektor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B15",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Injection Pulse Offset Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injection pulse offset adaptation for cylinder 3 exceeds the calibrated learning window. Injector aging or fuel pressure drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Adaption des Einspritzimpuls-Versatzes für Zylinder 3 überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Injektorverschleiß oder Kraftstoffdruck-Drift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_3",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Injektor jenseits des Kompensationsbereichs verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure drift",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Verteilerdruck driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B16",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injection Pulse Offset Not Learned",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM has not yet learned the per-cylinder injection pulse offset for cylinder 4. Combustion equalisation between cylinders cannot be applied until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat den Einspritzimpuls-Versatz für Zylinder 4 noch nicht angelernt. Eine Verbrennungs-Angleichung zwischen den Zylindern kann erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption angewendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_4",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or ECM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder ECM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Injektor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B17",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Injection Pulse Offset Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injection pulse offset adaptation for cylinder 4 exceeds the calibrated learning window. Injector aging or fuel pressure drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Adaption des Einspritzimpuls-Versatzes für Zylinder 4 überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Injektorverschleiß oder Kraftstoffdruck-Drift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_4",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Injektor jenseits des Kompensationsbereichs verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure drift",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Verteilerdruck driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B18",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injection Pulse Offset Not Learned",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM has not yet learned the per-cylinder injection pulse offset for cylinder 5. Combustion equalisation between cylinders cannot be applied until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat den Einspritzimpuls-Versatz für Zylinder 5 noch nicht angelernt. Eine Verbrennungs-Angleichung zwischen den Zylindern kann erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption angewendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_5",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or ECM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder ECM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Injektor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B19",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Injection Pulse Offset Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injection pulse offset adaptation for cylinder 5 exceeds the calibrated learning window. Injector aging or fuel pressure drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Adaption des Einspritzimpuls-Versatzes für Zylinder 5 überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Injektorverschleiß oder Kraftstoffdruck-Drift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_5",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Injektor jenseits des Kompensationsbereichs verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure drift",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Verteilerdruck driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B1A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injection Pulse Offset Not Learned",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM has not yet learned the per-cylinder injection pulse offset for cylinder 6. Combustion equalisation between cylinders cannot be applied until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat den Einspritzimpuls-Versatz für Zylinder 6 noch nicht angelernt. Eine Verbrennungs-Angleichung zwischen den Zylindern kann erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption angewendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_6",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or ECM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder ECM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Injektor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B1B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Injection Pulse Offset Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injection pulse offset adaptation for cylinder 6 exceeds the calibrated learning window. Injector aging or fuel pressure drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Adaption des Einspritzimpuls-Versatzes für Zylinder 6 überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Injektorverschleiß oder Kraftstoffdruck-Drift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_6",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Injektor jenseits des Kompensationsbereichs verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure drift",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Verteilerdruck driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B1C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injection Pulse Offset Not Learned",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM has not yet learned the per-cylinder injection pulse offset for cylinder 7. Combustion equalisation between cylinders cannot be applied until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat den Einspritzimpuls-Versatz für Zylinder 7 noch nicht angelernt. Eine Verbrennungs-Angleichung zwischen den Zylindern kann erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption angewendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_7",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or ECM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder ECM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Injektor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B1D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Injection Pulse Offset Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injection pulse offset adaptation for cylinder 7 exceeds the calibrated learning window. Injector aging or fuel pressure drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Adaption des Einspritzimpuls-Versatzes für Zylinder 7 überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Injektorverschleiß oder Kraftstoffdruck-Drift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_7",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Injektor jenseits des Kompensationsbereichs verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure drift",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Verteilerdruck driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B1E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injection Pulse Offset Not Learned",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM has not yet learned the per-cylinder injection pulse offset for cylinder 8. Combustion equalisation between cylinders cannot be applied until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat den Einspritzimpuls-Versatz für Zylinder 8 noch nicht angelernt. Eine Verbrennungs-Angleichung zwischen den Zylindern kann erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption angewendet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_8",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or ECM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder ECM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Injektor ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B1F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Injection Pulse Offset Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Einspritzimpuls-Versatz Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injection pulse offset adaptation for cylinder 8 exceeds the calibrated learning window. Injector aging or fuel pressure drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Adaption des Einspritzimpuls-Versatzes für Zylinder 8 überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Injektorverschleiß oder Kraftstoffdruck-Drift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_cyl_8",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector worn beyond compensation range",
            "de": "Injektor jenseits des Kompensationsbereichs verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure drift",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Verteilerdruck driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B20",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle hybrid control module detects a circuit fault on the coolant temperature sensor B that monitors the power electronics cooling loop.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen stromkreis-Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B des Kühlkreislaufs der Leistungselektronik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B21",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle hybrid control module detects a range/performance fault on the coolant temperature sensor B that monitors the power electronics cooling loop.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen bereich/leistung-Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B des Kühlkreislaufs der Leistungselektronik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B22",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle hybrid control module detects a circuit low fault on the coolant temperature sensor B that monitors the power electronics cooling loop.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen stromkreis niedrig-Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B des Kühlkreislaufs der Leistungselektronik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B23",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle hybrid control module detects a circuit high fault on the coolant temperature sensor B that monitors the power electronics cooling loop.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen stromkreis hoch-Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B des Kühlkreislaufs der Leistungselektronik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B24",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle hybrid control module detects a circuit fault on the coolant temperature sensor C that monitors the power electronics cooling loop.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen stromkreis-Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C des Kühlkreislaufs der Leistungselektronik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B25",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor C Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle hybrid control module detects a range/performance fault on the coolant temperature sensor C that monitors the power electronics cooling loop.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen bereich/leistung-Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C des Kühlkreislaufs der Leistungselektronik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B26",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle hybrid control module detects a circuit low fault on the coolant temperature sensor C that monitors the power electronics cooling loop.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen stromkreis niedrig-Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C des Kühlkreislaufs der Leistungselektronik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B27",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle hybrid control module detects a circuit high fault on the coolant temperature sensor C that monitors the power electronics cooling loop.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen stromkreis hoch-Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C des Kühlkreislaufs der Leistungselektronik."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B28",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects that battery pack coolant pump A does not produce the expected flow for the commanded duty. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung nicht den erwarteten Volumenstrom liefert. Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_pump_a",
        "battery_pack",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded with age",
            "de": "Pumpenförderleistung mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B29",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Overspeed - Dry Run",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Überdrehzahl - Trockenlauf"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects that battery pack coolant pump A is running above the calibrated maximum speed without load. Indicates dry running due to coolant loss or air ingestion.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A oberhalb der kalibrierten Maximaldrehzahl ohne Last läuft. Deutet auf Trockenlauf durch Kühlmittelverlust oder Luftansaugung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_pump_a",
        "battery_pack_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_loss",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant loss in battery loop",
            "de": "Kühlmittelverlust im Batterie-Kreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_ingress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air drawn into pump suction",
            "de": "Luft auf Saugseite eingezogen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B2A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump A Overspeed - Dry Run",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Überdrehzahl - Trockenlauf"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects that the power electronics coolant pump A is running above the calibrated maximum speed without load. Indicates dry running due to coolant loss or air ingestion.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Kühlmittelpumpe A der Leistungselektronik oberhalb der kalibrierten Maximaldrehzahl ohne Last läuft. Deutet auf Trockenlauf durch Kühlmittelverlust oder Luftansaugung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_loss",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant loss in electronics loop",
            "de": "Kühlmittelverlust im Elektronik-Kreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_ingress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air drawn into pump suction",
            "de": "Luft auf Saugseite eingezogen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B2B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 5 Circuit",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 5 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the engine coolant temperature 5 sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Stromkreis des Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-5--Sensors. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_5",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B2C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 5 Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 5 Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant temperature 5 signal does not match plausibility checks against related signals. Sensor drift.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-5--Signal stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen verwandte Signale überein. Sensordrift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_5",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced from reference path",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung vom Referenz-Pfad versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B2D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 5 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 5 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the engine coolant temperature 5 sensor signal line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or sensor short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-5--Sensors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Sensor-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_5",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B2E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 5 Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 5 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the engine coolant temperature 5 sensor signal line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or sensor open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung des Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-5--Sensors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offener Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_5",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B2F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 1 Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Lüfter 1 Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 1 is commanded on but does not produce the expected airflow. Mechanical seizure, broken motor, or relay failure.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter 1 wird eingeschaltet, erzeugt aber nicht den erwarteten Luftstrom. Mechanisches Festsitzen, defekter Motor oder Relaisausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_1",
        "fan_relay_1",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized or burned out",
            "de": "Lüftermotor festsitzend oder durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais-Kontakte oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B30",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 1 Stuck On",
        "de": "Lüfter 1 dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 1 stays in the activated state when commanded off. The relay or control driver is welded or stuck on.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter 1 bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn das Abschalten angefordert wurde. Das Relais oder die Steuerendstufe ist verschweißt oder bleibt durchgeschaltet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_1",
        "fan_relay_1",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais-Kontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Steuerendstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B31",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 2 Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Lüfter 2 Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 2 is commanded on but does not produce the expected airflow. Mechanical seizure, broken motor, or relay failure.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter 2 wird eingeschaltet, erzeugt aber nicht den erwarteten Luftstrom. Mechanisches Festsitzen, defekter Motor oder Relaisausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_2",
        "fan_relay_2",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized or burned out",
            "de": "Lüftermotor festsitzend oder durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais-Kontakte oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B32",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 2 Stuck On",
        "de": "Lüfter 2 dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 2 stays in the activated state when commanded off. The relay or control driver is welded or stuck on.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter 2 bleibt im aktivierten Zustand, auch wenn das Abschalten angefordert wurde. Das Relais oder die Steuerendstufe ist verschweißt oder bleibt durchgeschaltet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_2",
        "fan_relay_2",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais-Kontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Steuerendstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B33",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit/Open Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis offen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B (intake side) on bank 1 reports a control circuit/open condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B (Einlassseite) auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B34",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B (intake side) on bank 1 reports a control circuit low condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B (Einlassseite) auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B35",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B (intake side) on bank 1 reports a control circuit high condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B (Einlassseite) auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B36",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit/Open Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis offen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B (intake side) on bank 2 reports a control circuit/open condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B (Einlassseite) auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B37",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B (intake side) on bank 2 reports a control circuit low condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B (Einlassseite) auf Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B38",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the intake side of bank 2 reports a control circuit high condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Einlassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B39",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit/Open Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis offen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a control circuit/open condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B3A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a control circuit low condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B3B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a control circuit high condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B3C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit/Open Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis offen Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the exhaust side of bank 2 reports a control circuit/open condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Auslassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B3D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the exhaust side of bank 2 reports a control circuit low condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Auslassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B3E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the exhaust side of bank 2 reports a control circuit high condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Auslassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B3F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B40",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a range/performance condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mech_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanism worn",
            "de": "Aktuator-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B41",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B42",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B43",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the intake side of bank 2 reports a circuit condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Einlassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B44",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the intake side of bank 2 reports a range/performance condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Einlassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mech_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanism worn",
            "de": "Aktuator-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B45",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the intake side of bank 2 reports a circuit low condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Einlassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B46",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the intake side of bank 2 reports a circuit high condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Einlassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B47",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B48",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a range/performance condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mech_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanism worn",
            "de": "Aktuator-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B49",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B4A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B4B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the exhaust side of bank 2 reports a circuit condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Auslassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B4C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the exhaust side of bank 2 reports a range/performance condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Auslassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mech_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanism worn",
            "de": "Aktuator-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B4D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the exhaust side of bank 2 reports a circuit low condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Auslassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B4E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuator Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of the camshaft position actuator on the exhaust side of bank 2 reports a circuit high condition. Cam phasing position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Positionsaktuators auf der Auslassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Nockenwellenphasen-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_position_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B4F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Performance/Stuck Off Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerung Verhalten/festsitzend aus Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the intake side of bank 1 reports a control performance/stuck off condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck in low-lift position",
            "de": "Aktuator in Niedrighub-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure to actuator insufficient",
            "de": "Öldruck zum Aktuator unzureichend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B50",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Performance/Stuck Off Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerung Verhalten/festsitzend aus Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the intake side of bank 2 reports a control performance/stuck off condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Einlassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck in low-lift position",
            "de": "Aktuator in Niedrighub-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure to actuator insufficient",
            "de": "Öldruck zum Aktuator unzureichend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B51",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Performance/Stuck Off Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerung Verhalten/festsitzend aus Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a control performance/stuck off condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck in low-lift position",
            "de": "Aktuator in Niedrighub-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure to actuator insufficient",
            "de": "Öldruck zum Aktuator unzureichend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B52",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Performance/Stuck Off Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerung Verhalten/festsitzend aus Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the exhaust side of bank 2 reports a control performance/stuck off condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Auslassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten/festsitzend aus\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck in low-lift position",
            "de": "Aktuator in Niedrighub-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure to actuator insufficient",
            "de": "Öldruck zum Aktuator unzureichend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B53",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Stuck On Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerung dauerhaft an Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the intake side of bank 1 reports a control stuck on condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung dauerhaft an\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck in high-lift position",
            "de": "Aktuator in Hochhub-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "release_pressure_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Release pressure path blocked",
            "de": "Lösendruck-Pfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B54",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Stuck On Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerung dauerhaft an Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the intake side of bank 2 reports a control stuck on condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Einlassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung dauerhaft an\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck in high-lift position",
            "de": "Aktuator in Hochhub-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "release_pressure_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Release pressure path blocked",
            "de": "Lösendruck-Pfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B55",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Stuck On Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerung dauerhaft an Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a control stuck on condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung dauerhaft an\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck in high-lift position",
            "de": "Aktuator in Hochhub-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "release_pressure_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Release pressure path blocked",
            "de": "Lösendruck-Pfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B56",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator B Control Stuck On Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller B Steuerung dauerhaft an Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of camshaft profile actuator B on the exhaust side of bank 2 reports a control stuck on condition. Cam profile B (high-lift or VTEC-style) cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers B auf der Auslassseite Bank 2 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung dauerhaft an\". Das Nockenprofil B (Hochhub oder VTEC-Stufe) kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_b_b2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck in high-lift position",
            "de": "Aktuator in Hochhub-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "release_pressure_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Release pressure path blocked",
            "de": "Lösendruck-Pfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B57",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Engine Oil Pressure - Camshaft Control Disabled",
        "de": "Niedriger Motoröldruck - Nockenwellen-Steuerung deaktiviert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Engine oil pressure has fallen below the threshold required for hydraulic camshaft phasing. The ECM disables variable cam control to protect the actuator and lifters.",
        "de": "Der Motoröldruck ist unter die Schwelle gefallen, die für die hydraulische Nockenwellen-Phasenverstellung erforderlich ist. Das Steuergerät deaktiviert die variable Nockenwellen-Steuerung, um Aktuator und Hydrostössel zu schützen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_pressure_sensor",
        "engine_oil_pump",
        "vvt_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_level_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil level low",
            "de": "Motorölstand zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pump worn or pressure relief stuck open",
            "de": "Ölpumpe verschlissen oder Druckbegrenzungsventil offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_oil_pressure_sensor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B58",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Motor Current High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil Motorstrom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant flow control valve reports a motor current high condition. Coolant routing between engine and radiator branches cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Motorstrom hoch\". Die Kühlmittelführung zwischen Motor- und Kühler-Zweigen kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stalled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve mechanically stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch festsitzend - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Motorleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B59",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant flow control valve reports a control circuit/open condition. Coolant routing between engine and radiator branches cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Kühlmittelführung zwischen Motor- und Kühler-Zweigen kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve motor",
            "de": "Offener Ventilmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B5A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant flow control valve reports a control circuit low condition. Coolant routing between engine and radiator branches cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Kühlmittelführung zwischen Motor- und Kühler-Zweigen kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in valve motor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Ventilmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B5B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant flow control valve reports a control circuit high condition. Coolant routing between engine and radiator branches cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Kühlmittelführung zwischen Motor- und Kühler-Zweigen kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve motor",
            "de": "Offener Ventilmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B5C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Supply Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil Versorgungs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant flow control valve reports a supply circuit low condition. Coolant routing between engine and radiator branches cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungs-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Kühlmittelführung zwischen Motor- und Kühler-Zweigen kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B5D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant flow control valve reports a position sensor circuit condition. Coolant routing between engine and radiator branches cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Positionssensor Stromkreis\". Die Kühlmittelführung zwischen Motor- und Kühler-Zweigen kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B5E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant flow control valve reports a position sensor circuit low condition. Coolant routing between engine and radiator branches cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Kühlmittelführung zwischen Motor- und Kühler-Zweigen kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B5F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant flow control valve reports a position sensor circuit high condition. Coolant routing between engine and radiator branches cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch\". Die Kühlmittelführung zwischen Motor- und Kühler-Zweigen kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B60",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant flow control valve reports a position sensor circuit range/performance condition. Coolant routing between engine and radiator branches cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Kühlmittelführung zwischen Motor- und Kühler-Zweigen kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage between sensor and valve loose",
            "de": "Gestänge zwischen Sensor und Ventil lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B61",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant flow control valve reports a stuck closed condition. Coolant routing between engine and radiator branches cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil meldet einen Zustand \"geschlossen festsitzend\". Die Kühlmittelführung zwischen Motor- und Kühler-Zweigen kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve seized in closed position",
            "de": "Ventil in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "debris_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Debris jammed in valve gate",
            "de": "Schmutzpartikel im Ventil verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B62",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump B Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe B Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump B reports a supply voltage circuit condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B63",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump B Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe B festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump B reports a stuck/stalled condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed by debris",
            "de": "Pumpenrad durch Schmutz verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B64",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump B Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump B reports a control module overtemperature condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuermodul Übertemperatur\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient or under-bonnet temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungs- oder Motorraumtemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Modul-Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B65",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump B Overspeed/Air in System",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe B Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump B reports a overspeed/air in system condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Überdrehzahl/Luft im System\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B66",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump D Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe D Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump D reports a control circuit/open condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B67",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump D Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe D Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump D reports a control circuit low condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump motor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B68",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump D Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe D Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump D reports a control circuit high condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B69",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump D Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe D Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump D reports a supply voltage circuit condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe D meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B6A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump D Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe D festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump D reports a stuck/stalled condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe D meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed by debris",
            "de": "Pumpenrad durch Schmutz verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B6B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump D Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe D Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump D reports a control module overtemperature condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe D meldet einen Zustand \"Steuermodul Übertemperatur\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient or under-bonnet temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungs- oder Motorraumtemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Modul-Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B6C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump D Overspeed/Air in System",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe D Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump D reports a overspeed/air in system condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe D meldet einen Zustand \"Überdrehzahl/Luft im System\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B6D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor signal of the engine coolant flow control valve drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive contact.",
        "de": "Das Positionssensor-Signal des Motorkühlmittel-Volumenstrom-Steuerventils fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindlicher Kontakt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_flow_control_valve_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B6E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger A Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor A Temperatursensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the turbocharger/supercharger a temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Turbolader/Kompressor A Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_a_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B6F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger A Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor A Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the turbocharger/supercharger a temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Turbolader/Kompressor A Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_a_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B70",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger A Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor A Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the turbocharger/supercharger a temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Turbolader/Kompressor A Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_a_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B71",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger A Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor A Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the turbocharger/supercharger a temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Turbolader/Kompressor A Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_a_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B72",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater A Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer A Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of coolant heater A reports a control circuit/open condition. Auxiliary preheating of the coolant cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Hilfs-Vorheizung des Kühlmittels kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Heizungs-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B73",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater A Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer A Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of coolant heater A reports a control circuit low condition. Auxiliary preheating of the coolant cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Hilfs-Vorheizung des Kühlmittels kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element shorted",
            "de": "Heizelement kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B74",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater A Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer A Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of coolant heater A reports a control circuit high condition. Auxiliary preheating of the coolant cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Hilfs-Vorheizung des Kühlmittels kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B75",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater A Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer A Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of coolant heater A reports a control circuit performance condition. Auxiliary preheating of the coolant cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten\". Die Hilfs-Vorheizung des Kühlmittels kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged - low output",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert - geringe Leistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B76",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of coolant heater B reports a control circuit/open condition. Auxiliary preheating of the coolant cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Hilfs-Vorheizung des Kühlmittels kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Heizungs-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B77",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of coolant heater B reports a control circuit low condition. Auxiliary preheating of the coolant cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Hilfs-Vorheizung des Kühlmittels kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element shorted",
            "de": "Heizelement kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B78",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of coolant heater B reports a control circuit high condition. Auxiliary preheating of the coolant cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Hilfs-Vorheizung des Kühlmittels kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B79",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater B Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer B Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of coolant heater B reports a control circuit performance condition. Auxiliary preheating of the coolant cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten\". Die Hilfs-Vorheizung des Kühlmittels kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged - low output",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert - geringe Leistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B7A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungs-Drucksensor/Schalter C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP pressure sensor/switch C reports a circuit condition. Tank pressure plausibility for leak detection on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Tankentlüftungs-Drucksensor/Schalter C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Tankdruck-Plausibilität für die Leckerkennung in diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor C failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor C defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B7B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungs-Drucksensor/Schalter C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP pressure sensor/switch C reports a circuit range/performance condition. Tank pressure plausibility for leak detection on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Tankentlüftungs-Drucksensor/Schalter C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Tankdruck-Plausibilität für die Leckerkennung in diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Nullpunkt driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "port_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor port restricted",
            "de": "Sensoranschluss eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B7C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungs-Drucksensor/Schalter C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP pressure sensor/switch C reports a circuit low condition. Tank pressure plausibility for leak detection on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Tankentlüftungs-Drucksensor/Schalter C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Tankdruck-Plausibilität für die Leckerkennung in diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B7D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit High",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungs-Drucksensor/Schalter C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP pressure sensor/switch C reports a circuit high condition. Tank pressure plausibility for leak detection on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Tankentlüftungs-Drucksensor/Schalter C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Tankdruck-Plausibilität für die Leckerkennung in diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pressure sensor",
            "de": "Offener Drucksensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B7E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Tankentlüftungs-Drucksensor/Schalter C Stromkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP pressure sensor/switch C reports a circuit intermittent condition. Tank pressure plausibility for leak detection on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Tankentlüftungs-Drucksensor/Schalter C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis sporadisch\". Die Tankdruck-Plausibilität für die Leckerkennung in diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B7F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control Module A Calibration Not Learned/Programmed",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Steuermodul A Kalibrierung nicht angelernt/programmiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The boost control module A reports that its calibration data is not present or not learned. Boost regulation falls back to default values until programming or adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Ladedruck-Steuermodul A meldet, dass seine Kalibrierdaten fehlen oder nicht angelernt sind. Bis zum Abschluss der Programmierung oder Adaption greift die Ladedruckregelung auf Standardwerte zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_module_a",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_replaced",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul ohne Programmierung ersetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "memory_corrupted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration memory corrupted after voltage drop",
            "de": "Kalibrierspeicher nach Spannungseinbruch beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost_controller",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B80",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control Module B Calibration Not Learned/Programmed",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck-Steuermodul B Kalibrierung nicht angelernt/programmiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The boost control module B reports that its calibration data is not present or not learned. Boost regulation falls back to default values until programming or adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Ladedruck-Steuermodul B meldet, dass seine Kalibrierdaten fehlen oder nicht angelernt sind. Bis zum Abschluss der Programmierung oder Adaption greift die Ladedruckregelung auf Standardwerte zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_module_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_replaced",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul ohne Programmierung ersetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "memory_corrupted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Calibration memory corrupted after voltage drop",
            "de": "Kalibrierspeicher nach Spannungseinbruch beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost_controller",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B81",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wastegate Position Sensor A Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Wastegate-Positionssensor A Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wastegate position sensor A signal does not correlate with the commanded actuator position within tolerance. Sensor offset, mechanical wear, or signal integrity degraded.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Wastegate-Positionssensors A korreliert nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit der angeforderten Aktuatorposition. Sensorversatz, mechanischer Verschleiß oder verschlechterte Signalqualität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_a",
        "wastegate_actuator",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset from actuator",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch vom Aktuator versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage between sensor and wastegate worn",
            "de": "Gestänge zwischen Sensor und Wastegate verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B82",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wastegate Position Sensor B Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Wastegate-Positionssensor B Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wastegate position sensor B signal does not correlate with the commanded actuator position within tolerance. Sensor offset, mechanical wear, or signal integrity degraded.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Wastegate-Positionssensors B korreliert nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit der angeforderten Aktuatorposition. Sensorversatz, mechanischer Verschleiß oder verschlechterte Signalqualität."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_b",
        "wastegate_actuator",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset from actuator",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch vom Aktuator versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage between sensor and wastegate worn",
            "de": "Gestänge zwischen Sensor und Wastegate verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B83",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump A Overspeed/Air In System",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge air cooler coolant pump A runs above the calibrated maximum speed without producing the expected flow. Indicates air pocket in the coolant loop.",
        "de": "Die charge air cooler coolant pump A läuft über der kalibrierten Maximaldrehzahl, ohne den erwarteten Volumenstrom zu liefern. Deutet auf Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_a",
        "cac_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B84",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump A Underspeed",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge air cooler coolant pump A runs below the calibrated minimum speed for the commanded duty. Mechanical resistance high or supply voltage low.",
        "de": "Die charge air cooler coolant pump A läuft unter der kalibrierten Mindestdrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Mechanischer Widerstand zu hoch oder Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_a",
        "cac_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased (binding)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht (klemmend)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B85",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Underspeed",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant pump runs below the calibrated minimum speed for the commanded duty. Mechanical resistance high or supply voltage low.",
        "de": "Die engine coolant pump läuft unter der kalibrierten Mindestdrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Mechanischer Widerstand zu hoch oder Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased (binding)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht (klemmend)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B86",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump A Overspeed/Air in System",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe A Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant pump A runs above the calibrated maximum speed without producing the expected flow. Indicates air pocket in the coolant loop.",
        "de": "Die coolant pump A läuft über der kalibrierten Maximaldrehzahl, ohne den erwarteten Volumenstrom zu liefern. Deutet auf Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_a",
        "engine_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B87",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump A Underspeed",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe A Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coolant pump A runs below the calibrated minimum speed for the commanded duty. Mechanical resistance high or supply voltage low.",
        "de": "Die coolant pump A läuft unter der kalibrierten Mindestdrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Mechanischer Widerstand zu hoch oder Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_a",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased (binding)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht (klemmend)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B88",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the intake air oxygen sensor signal circuit on bank 1.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Signalstromkreis der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_heater_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intake air O2 sensor failed",
            "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B89",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Stromkreis niedrige Spannung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the intake air oxygen sensor signal line on bank 1 is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_heater_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B8A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Stromkreis hohe Spannung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the intake air oxygen sensor signal line on bank 1 is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Signalleitung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_heater_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open intake air O2 sensor",
            "de": "Offene Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B8B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Heater Control Circuit/Open Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Heizungs-Steuerkreis offen Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit for the intake air O2 sensor heater on bank 1 is open. Sensor cannot reach operating temperature.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonden-Heizung auf Bank 1 ist unterbrochen. Die Sonde kann die Betriebstemperatur nicht erreichen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_heater_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Heizungs-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B8C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Heater Control Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Heizungs-Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater current of the intake air O2 sensor on bank 1 does not match the commanded value within tolerance.",
        "de": "Der Heizstrom der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_heater_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element resistance drifted",
            "de": "Widerstand des Heizelements driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B8D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Heater Control Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Heizungs-Steuerkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the intake air O2 sensor heater control line on bank 1 is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or heater element shorted.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Heizungs-Steuerleitung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Heizelement kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_heater_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Heizungs-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_element_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element shorted",
            "de": "Heizelement kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B8E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air O2 Sensor Heater Control Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde Heizungs-Steuerkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the intake air O2 sensor heater control line on bank 1 is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or heater element open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Heizungs-Steuerleitung der Ansaugluft-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder Heizelement offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_b1",
        "intake_air_o2_sensor_heater_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Heizungs-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B8F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger B Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor B Temperatursensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the turbocharger/supercharger b temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Turbolader/Kompressor B Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B90",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger B Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor B Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the turbocharger/supercharger b temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Turbolader/Kompressor B Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B91",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger B Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor B Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the turbocharger/supercharger b temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Turbolader/Kompressor B Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B92",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger B Temperature Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor B Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the turbocharger/supercharger b temperature sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Turbolader/Kompressor B Temperatursensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B93",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wastegate Position Sensor A Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Wastegate-Positionssensor A Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for the wastegate position sensor A exceeds the calibrated learning window. Sensor or mechanism out of nominal range.",
        "de": "Der für den Wastegate-Positionssensor A erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Sensor oder Mechanik außerhalb des Nennbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_a",
        "wastegate_actuator",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanical_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical wear shifted end-stops",
            "de": "Mechanischer Verschleiß verschoben die Endanschläge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B94",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wastegate Position Sensor B Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Wastegate-Positionssensor B Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for the wastegate position sensor B exceeds the calibrated learning window. Sensor or mechanism out of nominal range.",
        "de": "Der für den Wastegate-Positionssensor B erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Sensor oder Mechanik außerhalb des Nennbereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_b",
        "wastegate_actuator",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanical_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical wear shifted end-stops",
            "de": "Mechanischer Verschleiß verschoben die Endanschläge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B95",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ECM detects that the overall injection pulse performance does not match the calibrated cold-start strategy. Combustion stability is reduced during warm-up.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erkennt das Steuergerät, dass das Gesamt-Einspritzimpuls-Verhalten nicht zur kalibrierten Kaltstart-Strategie passt. Die Verbrennungsstabilität ist im Warmlauf reduziert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "ecm",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injectors_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors aged - flow drift across cylinders",
            "de": "Injektoren gealtert - Volumenstrom-Drift zwischen Zylindern"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure drifts during pulse",
            "de": "Verteilerdruck driftet während des Einspritzimpulses"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B96",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Injection Pulse Performance",
        "de": "Einspritzimpuls Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the overall injection pulse performance does not match the calibrated values. Combustion result deviates from expected fuelling behaviour.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass das Gesamt-Einspritzimpuls-Verhalten nicht zu den kalibrierten Werten passt. Das Verbrennungsergebnis weicht vom erwarteten Einspritzverhalten ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "ecm",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injectors_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors aged - flow drift across cylinders",
            "de": "Injektoren gealtert - Volumenstrom-Drift zwischen Zylindern"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure drifts during pulse",
            "de": "Verteilerdruck driftet während des Einspritzimpulses"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B97",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Position Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Steuerventil A Position Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for the exhaust pressure control valve A position exceeds the calibrated learning window. Mechanical wear or sensor drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Der für die Position des Abgasdruck-Steuerventils A erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Mechanischer Verschleiß oder Sensordrift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_control_valve_a",
        "exhaust_pressure_valve_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve mechanism worn at end-stops",
            "de": "Ventilmechanik an den Endanschlägen verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Positionssensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B98",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Supply Low",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Steuerventil A Versorgung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to the exhaust pressure control valve A actuator is below the expected window. Fuse blown, supply wire shorted, or upstream regulator fault.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung zum Aktuator des Abgasdruck-Steuerventils A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Sicherung durchgebrannt, Versorgungsleitung kurzgeschlossen oder Reglerfehler stromaufwärts."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_control_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_wire_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B99",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Steuerventil A Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the exhaust pressure control valve A reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Stalled actuator or short-circuit fault.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Abgasdruck-Steuerventils A meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Festsitzender Aktuator oder Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_control_valve_a",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve actuator mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Ventil-Aktuator mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B9A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Quality Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Qualitätssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant (DEF/AdBlue) quality sensor signal drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector, dilution noise, or ground reference offset.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Reduktionsmittel-Qualitätssensors (DEF/AdBlue) fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker, Verdünnungsrauschen oder Versatz der Masse-Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_quality_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B9B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Conditions Incorrect for Particulate Matter Sensor Regeneration",
        "de": "Fahrzeugbedingungen ungeeignet für Partikelmasse-Sensor-Regeneration"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the vehicle is not operating in conditions suitable for the periodic PM sensor regeneration cycle. The sensor element cannot be cleaned and soot-mass measurement is paused.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass das Fahrzeug nicht in Bedingungen betrieben wird, die für den periodischen Regenerationszyklus des PM-Sensors geeignet sind. Das Sensorelement kann nicht gereinigt werden und die Russmasse-Messung pausiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm_sensor",
        "exhaust_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_trips",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driving cycle too short for regen conditions",
            "de": "Fahrzyklus zu kurz für Regenerations-Bedingungen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained low-load operation",
            "de": "Anhaltender Niedriglast-Betrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B9C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump A Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe A festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump A reports a stuck/stalled condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed by debris",
            "de": "Pumpenrad durch Schmutz verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B9D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump A Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe A Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump A reports a supply voltage circuit condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B9E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump A Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump A reports a control module overtemperature condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuermodul Übertemperatur\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient or under-bonnet temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungs- oder Motorraumtemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Modul-Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2B9F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump B Underspeed",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe B Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump B reports a underspeed condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Unterdrehzahl\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased (binding)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht (klemmend)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BA0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump C Underspeed",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe C Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump C reports a underspeed condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe C meldet einen Zustand \"Unterdrehzahl\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased (binding)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht (klemmend)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BA1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump D Underspeed",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe D Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump D reports a underspeed condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe D meldet einen Zustand \"Unterdrehzahl\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased (binding)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht (klemmend)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BA2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Pump Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittelpumpe festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant pump is mechanically stuck or has stalled. Coolant circulation through the engine is severely reduced or absent.",
        "de": "Die Motorkühlmittelpumpe sitzt mechanisch fest oder ist blockiert. Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den Motor ist stark reduziert oder fehlt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump",
        "engine_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed by debris",
            "de": "Pumpenrad durch Schmutz verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BA3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Mechanical Performance",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Mechanische Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects that the integrated starter/generator does not deliver the expected mechanical torque or speed for the commanded operation. Belt slippage, bearing wear, or coupling fault.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt, dass der integrierte Starter/Generator nicht das erwartete mechanische Drehmoment oder die erwartete Drehzahl für die angeforderte Operation liefert. Riemenschlupf, Lagerverschleiß oder Kopplungsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator",
        "drive_belt",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "belt_slipping",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive belt slipping or worn",
            "de": "Antriebsriemen rutscht oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bearing_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Starter/generator bearing worn",
            "de": "Starter/Generator-Lager verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BA4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Catalyst Feedgas Performance",
        "de": "Katalysator-Eingangsgas-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the exhaust gas composition reaching the catalyst (feedgas) deviates from the calibrated profile. Pre-cat O2 measurement and air-fuel control are inconsistent with engine operation.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Abgaszusammensetzung am Katalysator-Eingang (Feedgas) vom kalibrierten Profil abweicht. Vor-Kat-O2-Messung und Lambda-Regelung passen nicht zum Motorbetrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalytic_converter",
        "o2_sensor_pre_cat",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_trim_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Long-term fuel trim drifted out of nominal range",
            "de": "Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimm außerhalb des Nennbereichs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_pre_cat",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak upstream of catalyst",
            "de": "Abgasleck vor dem Katalysator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BA5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Feedgas Performance",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Eingangsgas-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the exhaust gas composition reaching the particulate filter (feedgas) deviates from the calibrated profile. Soot input rate cannot be modelled correctly, affecting regen scheduling.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Abgaszusammensetzung am Partikelfilter-Eingang (Feedgas) vom kalibrierten Profil abweicht. Die Russeintrags-Rate kann nicht korrekt modelliert werden, was die Regenerations-Planung beeinflusst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_filter",
        "exhaust_gas_temp_sensor_pre_dpf"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exhaust_leak_pre_dpf",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Exhaust leak upstream of DPF",
            "de": "Abgasleck vor dem Partikelfilter"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egt_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGT sensor pre-DPF drift",
            "de": "Vor-DPF-Abgastemperatursensor driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BA6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Exceedance - SCR NOx Catalyst Performance",
        "de": "NOx-Überschreitung - SCR-NOx-Katalysator Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx emissions are above the legal threshold and the ECU isolates the cause to the SCR NOx catalyst. Conversion efficiency is degraded — aged substrate, sulphur poisoning, or thermal damage.",
        "de": "Die NOx-Emissionen liegen über dem gesetzlichen Schwellenwert und das Steuergerät lokalisiert die Ursache am SCR-NOx-Katalysator. Die Umwandlungs-Effizienz ist verschlechtert - gealtertes Substrat, Schwefelvergiftung oder thermische Schädigung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "reductant_dosing_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "SCR catalyst substrate aged or contaminated",
            "de": "SCR-Katalysator-Substrat gealtert oder verunreinigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal damage from prior over-temperature event",
            "de": "Thermische Schädigung durch frühere Übertemperatur"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BA7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Exceedence - Empty Reagent Tank",
        "de": "NOx-Überschreitung - Reagenz-Tank leer"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx emissions are above the legal threshold and the ECU isolates the cause to an empty reductant tank. SCR cannot dose AdBlue/DEF.",
        "de": "Die NOx-Emissionen liegen über dem gesetzlichen Schwellenwert und das Steuergerät lokalisiert die Ursache an einem leeren Reduktionsmitteltank. SCR kann kein AdBlue/DEF dosieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank",
        "reductant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tank_empty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DEF/AdBlue tank empty - refill required",
            "de": "DEF/AdBlue-Tank leer - Nachfüllung erforderlich"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "level_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Level sensor reads empty incorrectly",
            "de": "Füllstandsensor meldet fälschlich leer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BA8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Exceedence - Interruption of Reagent Dosing Activity",
        "de": "NOx-Überschreitung - Unterbrechung der Reagenz-Dosierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx emissions are above the legal threshold and the ECU isolates the cause to interruption of reductant dosing. The injection valve, pump, or supply line is impaired.",
        "de": "Die NOx-Emissionen liegen über dem gesetzlichen Schwellenwert und das Steuergerät lokalisiert die Ursache in einer Unterbrechung der Reduktionsmittel-Dosierung. Einspritzventil, Pumpe oder Versorgungsleitung sind beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve",
        "reductant_pump",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injection_valve_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant injection valve clogged",
            "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant pump output insufficient",
            "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Pumpenleistung unzureichend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BA9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Exceedence — Insufficient Reagent",
        "de": "NOx-Überschreitung — zu wenig Reagenz"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR system has detected that NOx emissions exceed the legal limit and the cause is traced to insufficient AdBlue/DEF dosing. Modern emission regulations require this fault to be reported separately so that operator-induced misuse (running an empty tank, diluting the fluid) is recorded.",
        "de": "Das SCR-System hat festgestellt, dass die NOx-Emissionen über dem gesetzlichen Grenzwert liegen, und führt das auf eine ungenügende AdBlue/DEF-Dosierung zurück. Moderne Abgasvorschriften verlangen die getrennte Meldung dieses Fehlers, damit Manipulationen wie das Fahren mit leerem Tank oder verdünnte Flüssigkeit dokumentiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_dosing_unit",
        "reductant_tank",
        "scr_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "def_tank_low_or_empty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DEF tank repeatedly run empty",
            "de": "DEF-Tank wiederholt leer gefahren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "def_quality_poor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Diluted or contaminated DEF",
            "de": "DEF verdünnt oder verunreinigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dosing_pump_underperforming",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dosing pump output below spec",
            "de": "Dosierpumpe fördert zu wenig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BAA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Range/Performance (Bank 1, Sensor 1)",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor Bereich/Plausibilität (Bank 1, Sonde 1)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The upstream NOx sensor on bank 1 returns values that are not plausible for the current operating point. NOx sensors are slow to warm up, sensitive to soot and water, and are a frequent failure on diesel SCR systems.",
        "de": "Der NOx-Sensor vor dem Katalysator auf Bank 1 liefert für den aktuellen Betriebspunkt unplausible Werte. NOx-Sensoren benötigen lange zur Aufheizung, sind empfindlich gegen Ruß und Wasser und fallen an Diesel-SCR-Systemen häufig aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_upstream",
        "nox_sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "NOx sensor element failed",
            "de": "NOx-Sensorelement defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_contaminated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor contaminated with soot or condensate",
            "de": "Sensor mit Ruß oder Kondensat verunreinigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BAB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Exceedence — Reagent System Performance",
        "de": "NOx-Überschreitung — Reagenzsystem-Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR system has detected that NOx emissions exceed the legal limit and the cause is traced to a performance fault in the reagent dosing system — for example a slow dosing pump, a clogged injector, or a frozen line that is not yet caught by another DTC.",
        "de": "Das SCR-System hat festgestellt, dass die NOx-Emissionen über dem gesetzlichen Grenzwert liegen, und führt das auf einen Leistungsfehler im Dosiersystem zurück — etwa eine träge Dosierpumpe, einen verstopften Injektor oder eine vereiste Leitung, die noch nicht durch einen anderen DTC erfasst wurde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_dosing_unit",
        "reductant_injector",
        "reductant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dosing_injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant injector clogged with crystals",
            "de": "Reagenzinjektor mit Kristallen verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dosing_pump_underperforming",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Dosing pump output below spec",
            "de": "Dosierpumpe fördert zu wenig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reductant_line_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reagent supply line blocked",
            "de": "Reagenzleitung blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "related_codes": [
        "P2BA9"
      ],
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BAC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Exceedence - Insufficient Reagent Quality",
        "de": "NOx-Ueberschreitung - unzureichende Reagenzqualitaet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The diesel exhaust aftertreatment system detects elevated NOx levels combined with abnormal reagent (AdBlue/DEF) consumption, indicating that the reagent quality is insufficient or contaminated. Many regions trigger driver inducement (limited restarts).",
        "de": "Das Dieselabgasnachbehandlungssystem erkennt erhoehte NOx-Werte zusammen mit auffaelligem Reagenzverbrauch (AdBlue/DEF). Daraus wird auf unzureichende oder verunreinigte Reagenzqualitaet geschlossen. In vielen Regionen wird ein Fahrer-Inducement (Startbegrenzung) ausgeloest."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst",
        "def_tank",
        "nox_sensor",
        "def_quality_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_fluid_in_def_tank",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Non-DEF liquid in tank (water, diesel)",
            "de": "Falsche Fluessigkeit im Tank (Wasser, Diesel)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "degraded_def",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aged or diluted DEF/AdBlue",
            "de": "Gealtertes oder verduenntes AdBlue"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust_fluid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BAD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Exceedence - Insufficient Reagent Consumption",
        "de": "NOx-Ueberschreitung - unzureichender Reagenzverbrauch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The aftertreatment system detects elevated NOx emissions while reagent (AdBlue/DEF) consumption is below the expected level. Causes include clogged dosing injector, incorrect dosing rate or tampering.",
        "de": "Das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem erkennt erhoehte NOx-Emissionen, waehrend der Reagenzverbrauch (AdBlue/DEF) unter dem erwarteten Wert liegt. Ursachen sind verstopfte Dosierventile, falsche Dosierraten oder Manipulation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "def_dosing_valve",
        "scr_catalyst",
        "nox_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dosing_valve_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clogged DEF dosing valve",
            "de": "Verstopftes AdBlue-Dosierventil"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dosing_calibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incorrect dosing calibration",
            "de": "Falsche Dosierkalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BAE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Exceedence - EGR System",
        "de": "NOx-Ueberschreitung - AGR-System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx emissions are above the legal threshold and the ECU isolates the cause to the EGR system. EGR flow is too low or absent under operating conditions where NOx reduction is required.",
        "de": "Die NOx-Emissionen liegen ueber dem gesetzlichen Schwellenwert und die Motorsteuerung lokalisiert die Ursache im AGR-System. Der AGR-Massenstrom ist zu gering oder fehlt unter Betriebsbedingungen, in denen eine NOx-Reduktion erforderlich ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve",
        "egr_cooler",
        "egr_diff_pressure_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "egr_valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EGR valve stuck closed",
            "de": "AGR-Ventil geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "egr_passages_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon clogged EGR passages",
            "de": "Verkokte AGR-Kanaele"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BAF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor Heater Sense Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor-Heizung Signal-Stromkreis Bereich/Funktion Bank 1 Sonde 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The heater sense feedback of NOx sensor 1 on bank 1 reports values that do not match expected operation. The sensor warm-up cycle does not behave as the diagnostic expects.",
        "de": "Die Heizungs-Rueckmeldung des NOx-Sensors 1 auf Bank 1 liefert Werte, die nicht zur erwarteten Funktion passen. Der Aufheizzyklus des Sensors verlaeuft nicht wie von der Diagnose erwartet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor",
        "nox_heater_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nox_sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "NOx sensor aging",
            "de": "Alterung des NOx-Sensors"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "heater_circuit_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High resistance in heater circuit",
            "de": "Erhoehter Widerstand im Heizkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BB0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Consumption Too Low",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verbrauch zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that alternative fuel consumption falls below the expected value for the active operating mode. Indicates injector clogging, leaks before injectors, or incorrect tank-fill correction.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass der Alternativkraftstoff-Verbrauch unter dem für den aktiven Betriebsmodus erwarteten Wert liegt. Deutet auf verstopfte Injektoren, Lecks vor den Injektoren oder falsche Tank-Füll-Korrektur hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injectors",
        "alt_fuel_tank",
        "afcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alt fuel injectors partially clogged",
            "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Injektoren teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tank_calibration_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tank-fill calibration drifted",
            "de": "Tank-Füllkalibrierung driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BB1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Consumption Too High",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Verbrauch zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that alternative fuel consumption exceeds the expected value for the active operating mode. Indicates injector leakage, fuel pressure too high, or unmetered fuel loss.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass der Alternativkraftstoff-Verbrauch über dem für den aktiven Betriebsmodus erwarteten Wert liegt. Deutet auf Injektor-Leckage, zu hohen Kraftstoffdruck oder unbemessenen Kraftstoffverlust hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injectors",
        "alt_fuel_rail",
        "alt_fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alt fuel injector leaking",
            "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Injektor undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_too_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure above target",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck über Sollwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BB2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank Empty",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank leer"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that the alternative fuel tank is empty. Bi-fuel vehicles may switch to gasoline operation; mono-fuel vehicles cannot continue without refuel.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass der Alternativkraftstoff-Tank leer ist. Bi-Fuel-Fahrzeuge schalten ggf. auf Benzinbetrieb um; Mono-Fuel-Fahrzeuge können ohne Nachtanken nicht weiterfahren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank",
        "alt_fuel_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tank_empty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tank actually empty - refuel required",
            "de": "Tank tatsächlich leer - Nachtanken erforderlich"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "level_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Level sensor reads empty incorrectly",
            "de": "Füllstandsensor meldet fälschlich leer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BB3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pump Secondary Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffpumpe Sekundär-Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the secondary fuel pump control circuit (typically used for high-load enrichment) does not respond as expected. Pump output, relay, or driver fault.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass der sekundäre Steuerstromkreis der Kraftstoffpumpe (typischerweise für Hochlast-Anreicherung) nicht wie erwartet reagiert. Pumpenleistung, Relais- oder Endstufen-Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump",
        "fuel_pump_relay_secondary",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary fuel pump relay aged",
            "de": "Sekundär-Kraftstoffpumpen-Relais gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BB4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 4 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 4 Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signal of engine coolant temperature sensor 4 drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground reference.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensors 4 fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse-Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_4",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BB5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 5 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 5 Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signal of engine coolant temperature sensor 5 drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or noisy ground reference.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensors 5 fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder verrauschte Masse-Referenz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_5",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BB6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 6 Circuit",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 6 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the engine coolant temperature sensor 6. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 6. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_6",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BB7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 6 Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 6 Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the engine coolant temperature sensor 6. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 6. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_6",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BB8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 6 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 6 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the engine coolant temperature sensor 6. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 6. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_6",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BB9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 6 Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 6 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the engine coolant temperature sensor 6. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 6. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_6",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BBA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 6 Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 6 Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the engine coolant temperature sensor 6. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor 6. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_6",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BBB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve A reports a position sensor circuit condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Positionssensor Stromkreis\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BBC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve A reports a position sensor circuit low condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BBD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve A reports a position sensor circuit high condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BBE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve A Position Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil A Position Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve A reports a position exceeded learning limit condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Position Lerngrenze überschritten\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanism worn at end-stops",
            "de": "Mechanik an den Endanschlägen verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BBF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve A Supply Voltage Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil A Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve A reports a supply voltage low condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannung niedrig\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_wire_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BC0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve A Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil A Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve A reports a driver current/temperature too high condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass valve actuator jammed",
            "de": "Bypass-Ventil-Aktuator verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BC1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump A Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump A reports a stuck/stalled condition. Charge air cooling loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Die Zirkulation im Ladeluft-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed",
            "de": "Pumpenrad verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BC2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump A Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump A reports a supply voltage circuit condition. Charge air cooling loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis\". Die Zirkulation im Ladeluft-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BC3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump A Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump A reports a control module overtemperature condition. Charge air cooling loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuermodul Übertemperatur\". Die Zirkulation im Ladeluft-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Modul-Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BC4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor B Circuit",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor B of the battery charging system reports a circuit condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failed",
            "de": "Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BC5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor B Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz B geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor B of the battery charging system reports a stuck closed condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"geschlossen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Schützkontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BC6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor B Stuck Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz B offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor B of the battery charging system reports a stuck open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"offen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts oxidised - high resistance",
            "de": "Schützkontakte oxidiert - hoher Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil burned out",
            "de": "Schützspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BC7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor B of the battery charging system reports a control circuit/open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BC8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor B Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz B Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor B of the battery charging system reports a control circuit range/performance condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BC9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor B of the battery charging system reports a control circuit low condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in contactor coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BCA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor B of the battery charging system reports a control circuit high condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BCB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor B Circuit",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor B of the battery charging system reports a circuit condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failed",
            "de": "Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BCC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor B Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz B geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor B of the battery charging system reports a stuck closed condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"geschlossen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Schützkontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BCD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor B Stuck Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz B offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor B of the battery charging system reports a stuck open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"offen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts oxidised - high resistance",
            "de": "Schützkontakte oxidiert - hoher Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil burned out",
            "de": "Schützspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BCE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor B of the battery charging system reports a control circuit/open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BCF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor B Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz B Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor B of the battery charging system reports a control circuit range/performance condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BD0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor B of the battery charging system reports a control circuit low condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in contactor coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BD1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor B of the battery charging system reports a control circuit high condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz B des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BD2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment System A Leak",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-System A Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a leak in exhaust aftertreatment system A. Pressure or temperature signals indicate gas escape between aftertreatment components, impairing emission control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt ein Leck im Abgasnachbehandlungs-System A. Druck- oder Temperatursignale weisen auf Gasaustritt zwischen den Komponenten hin, was die Emissionskontrolle beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_aftertreatment_system_a",
        "exhaust_seals"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seal_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aftertreatment seal aged or cracked",
            "de": "Nachbehandlungs-Dichtung gealtert oder gerissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fitting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aftertreatment fitting loose",
            "de": "Nachbehandlungs-Verschraubung gelockert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BD3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Aftertreatment System B Leak",
        "de": "Abgasnachbehandlungs-System B Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a leak in exhaust aftertreatment system B. Pressure or temperature signals indicate gas escape between aftertreatment components, impairing emission control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt ein Leck im Abgasnachbehandlungs-System B. Druck- oder Temperatursignale weisen auf Gasaustritt zwischen den Komponenten hin, was die Emissionskontrolle beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_aftertreatment_system_b",
        "exhaust_seals"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "seal_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aftertreatment seal aged or cracked",
            "de": "Nachbehandlungs-Dichtung gealtert oder gerissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fitting_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Aftertreatment fitting loose",
            "de": "Nachbehandlungs-Verschraubung gelockert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BD4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump C (cooling the drive inverter or motor) reports a control circuit/open condition. Power electronics cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C (kühlt Wechselrichter oder Antriebsmotor) meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BD5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump C (cooling the drive inverter or motor) reports a control circuit low condition. Power electronics cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C (kühlt Wechselrichter oder Antriebsmotor) meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump motor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BD6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump C (cooling the drive inverter or motor) reports a control circuit high condition. Power electronics cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C (kühlt Wechselrichter oder Antriebsmotor) meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BD7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump C Control Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant pump C (cooling the drive inverter or motor) reports a control performance condition. Power electronics cooling may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C (kühlt Wechselrichter oder Antriebsmotor) meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded with age",
            "de": "Pumpenförderleistung mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BD8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant temperature sensor B reports a circuit condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be regulated reliably.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BD9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant temperature sensor B reports a range/performance condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be regulated reliably.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BDA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant temperature sensor B reports a circuit low condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be regulated reliably.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BDB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant temperature sensor B reports a circuit high condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be regulated reliably.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BDC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant temperature sensor C reports a circuit condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be regulated reliably.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BDD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor C Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant temperature sensor C reports a range/performance condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be regulated reliably.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BDE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant temperature sensor C reports a circuit low condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be regulated reliably.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BDF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The motor electronics coolant temperature sensor C reports a circuit high condition. Power electronics cooling cannot be regulated reliably.",
        "de": "Der Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung kann nicht zuverlässig geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BE0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Coolant Level Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Kühlmittel-Füllstandsensor Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a circuit/open fault on the high-voltage battery coolant level sensor. Coolant loss in the battery loop cannot be detected reliably.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis offen\" am Füllstandsensor des Hochvolt-Batterie-Kühlkreislaufs. Kühlmittelverlust im Batteriekreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig erkannt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Sensor-Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Level sensor failed",
            "de": "Füllstandsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BE1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Coolant Level Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Kühlmittel-Füllstandsensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a range/performance fault on the high-voltage battery coolant level sensor. Coolant loss in the battery loop cannot be detected reliably.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Füllstandsensor des Hochvolt-Batterie-Kühlkreislaufs. Kühlmittelverlust im Batteriekreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig erkannt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "float_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Float stuck on guide rod",
            "de": "Schwimmer am Führungsrohr festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BE2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Coolant Level Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Kühlmittel-Füllstandsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a circuit low fault on the high-voltage battery coolant level sensor. Coolant loss in the battery loop cannot be detected reliably.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Füllstandsensor des Hochvolt-Batterie-Kühlkreislaufs. Kühlmittelverlust im Batteriekreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig erkannt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BE3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Coolant Level Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Kühlmittel-Füllstandsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a circuit high fault on the high-voltage battery coolant level sensor. Coolant loss in the battery loop cannot be detected reliably.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Füllstandsensor des Hochvolt-Batterie-Kühlkreislaufs. Kühlmittelverlust im Batteriekreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig erkannt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_level_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open level sensor",
            "de": "Offener Füllstandsensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BE4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a circuit fault on the high-voltage battery pack current sensor C. Pack-level current measurement is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Stromsensor C des Hochvolt-Batteriepakets. Die Strommessung auf Paket-Ebene ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_current_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BE5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a circuit range/performance fault on the high-voltage battery pack current sensor C. Pack-level current measurement is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\" am Stromsensor C des Hochvolt-Batteriepakets. Die Strommessung auf Paket-Ebene ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_current_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor zero drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Nullpunkt driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset from nearby ferrous parts",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz durch nahe ferromagnetische Teile"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BE6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor C Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor C niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a low fault on the high-voltage battery pack current sensor C. Pack-level current measurement is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"niedrig\" am Stromsensor C des Hochvolt-Batteriepakets. Die Strommessung auf Paket-Ebene ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_current_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BE7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor C High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Stromsensor C hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a high fault on the high-voltage battery pack current sensor C. Pack-level current measurement is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"hoch\" am Stromsensor C des Hochvolt-Batteriepakets. Die Strommessung auf Paket-Ebene ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_current_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open current sensor",
            "de": "Offener Stromsensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BE8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Control Circuit B Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz Steuerkreis B offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit B for the hybrid battery precharge contactor reports a open condition. Pre-charging the DC link before main contactor closure cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis B für das Vorlade-Schütz der Hybrid-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"offen\". Das Vorladen des Zwischenkreises vor dem Schließen des Hauptschützes kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_precharge_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BE9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Control Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz Steuerkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit B for the hybrid battery precharge contactor reports a range/performance condition. Pre-charging the DC link before main contactor closure cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis B für das Vorlade-Schütz der Hybrid-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Das Vorladen des Zwischenkreises vor dem Schließen des Hauptschützes kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_precharge_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BEA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Control Circuit B Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz Steuerkreis B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit B for the hybrid battery precharge contactor reports a low condition. Pre-charging the DC link before main contactor closure cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis B für das Vorlade-Schütz der Hybrid-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"niedrig\". Das Vorladen des Zwischenkreises vor dem Schließen des Hauptschützes kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_precharge_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in contactor coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BEB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Precharge Contactor Control Circuit B High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Vorlade-Schütz Steuerkreis B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit B for the hybrid battery precharge contactor reports a high condition. Pre-charging the DC link before main contactor closure cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis B für das Vorlade-Schütz der Hybrid-Batterie meldet einen Zustand \"hoch\". Das Vorladen des Zwischenkreises vor dem Schließen des Hauptschützes kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_precharge_contactor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BEC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System A Too Lean Bank 1",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Steuersystem A zu mager Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel control system A on bank 1 reports a persistently lean condition. Long-term fuel trim is at the positive limit, indicating insufficient fuel delivery or unmetered air ingress.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoff-Steuersystem A auf Bank 1 meldet einen anhaltend mageren Zustand. Der Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimm liegt am positiven Limit - unzureichende Kraftstoffzufuhr oder unbemessener Lufteintritt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak downstream of MAF",
            "de": "Unterdruckleck nach Luftmassenmesser"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System A Too Rich Bank 1",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Steuersystem A zu fett Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel control system A on bank 1 reports a persistently rich condition. Long-term fuel trim is at the negative limit, indicating excess fuel delivery or air metering error.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoff-Steuersystem A auf Bank 1 meldet einen anhaltend fetten Zustand. Der Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimm liegt am negativen Limit - übermäßige Kraftstoffzufuhr oder Luftmessfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure high or regulator stuck",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck hoch oder Regler festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - over-fuelling",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - Überfettung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BEE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System A Too Lean Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Steuersystem A zu mager Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel control system A on bank 2 reports a persistently lean condition. Long-term fuel trim is at the positive limit, indicating insufficient fuel delivery or unmetered air ingress.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoff-Steuersystem A auf Bank 2 meldet einen anhaltend mageren Zustand. Der Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimm liegt am positiven Limit - unzureichende Kraftstoffzufuhr oder unbemessener Lufteintritt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak downstream of MAF",
            "de": "Unterdruckleck nach Luftmassenmesser"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BEF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System A Too Rich Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Steuersystem A zu fett Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel control system A on bank 2 reports a persistently rich condition. Long-term fuel trim is at the negative limit, indicating excess fuel delivery or air metering error.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoff-Steuersystem A auf Bank 2 meldet einen anhaltend fetten Zustand. Der Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimm liegt am negativen Limit - übermäßige Kraftstoffzufuhr oder Luftmessfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure high or regulator stuck",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck hoch oder Regler festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - over-fuelling",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - Überfettung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BF0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Lean Bank 1",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Steuersystem B zu mager Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel control system B on bank 1 reports a persistently lean condition. Long-term fuel trim is at the positive limit, indicating insufficient fuel delivery or unmetered air ingress.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoff-Steuersystem B auf Bank 1 meldet einen anhaltend mageren Zustand. Der Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimm liegt am positiven Limit - unzureichende Kraftstoffzufuhr oder unbemessener Lufteintritt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak downstream of MAF",
            "de": "Unterdruckleck nach Luftmassenmesser"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BF1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Rich Bank 1",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Steuersystem B zu fett Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel control system B on bank 1 reports a persistently rich condition. Long-term fuel trim is at the negative limit, indicating excess fuel delivery or air metering error.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoff-Steuersystem B auf Bank 1 meldet einen anhaltend fetten Zustand. Der Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimm liegt am negativen Limit - übermäßige Kraftstoffzufuhr oder Luftmessfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure high or regulator stuck",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck hoch oder Regler festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - over-fuelling",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - Überfettung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BF2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Lean Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Steuersystem B zu mager Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel control system B on bank 2 reports a persistently lean condition. Long-term fuel trim is at the positive limit, indicating insufficient fuel delivery or unmetered air ingress.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoff-Steuersystem B auf Bank 2 meldet einen anhaltend mageren Zustand. Der Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimm liegt am positiven Limit - unzureichende Kraftstoffzufuhr oder unbemessener Lufteintritt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak downstream of MAF",
            "de": "Unterdruckleck nach Luftmassenmesser"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BF3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Control System B Too Rich Bank 2",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Steuersystem B zu fett Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel control system B on bank 2 reports a persistently rich condition. Long-term fuel trim is at the negative limit, indicating excess fuel delivery or air metering error.",
        "de": "Das Kraftstoff-Steuersystem B auf Bank 2 meldet einen anhaltend fetten Zustand. Der Langzeit-Kraftstofftrimm liegt am negativen Limit - übermäßige Kraftstoffzufuhr oder Luftmessfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure high or regulator stuck",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck hoch oder Regler festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - over-fuelling",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - Überfettung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BF4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve A Position Circuit",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil A Positions-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve A reports a position circuit condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BF5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve A Position Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil A Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve A reports a position circuit range/performance condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage between sensor and valve loose",
            "de": "Gestänge zwischen Sensor und Ventil lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BF6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve A Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil A Positions-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve A reports a position circuit low condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BF7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve A Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil A Positions-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve A reports a position circuit high condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil A meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BF8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve B reports a control circuit/open condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BF9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve B reports a control circuit low condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BFA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve B reports a control circuit high condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BFB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve B Control Performance",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve B reports a control performance condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slower than calibrated",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion langsamer als kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_friction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in valve linkage",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung im Ventil-Gestänge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BFC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve B Position Circuit",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B Positions-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve B reports a position circuit condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BFD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve B Position Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve B reports a position circuit range/performance condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage between sensor and valve loose",
            "de": "Gestänge zwischen Sensor und Ventil lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BFE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve B Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B Positions-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve B reports a position circuit low condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2BFF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve B Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B Positions-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve B reports a position circuit high condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C00",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator C Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler C Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator C does not maintain rail pressure within the calibrated tolerance. Aged regulator or contamination affecting flow.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoffdruckregler C hält den Verteilerleistendruck nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Gealterter Regler oder Verschmutzung beeinflusst den Volumenstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator aged",
            "de": "Regler gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contamination affecting regulator seat",
            "de": "Verschmutzung beeinflusst Reglersitz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C01",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator D Performance",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler D Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator D does not maintain rail pressure within the calibrated tolerance. Aged regulator or contamination affecting flow.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoffdruckregler D hält den Verteilerleistendruck nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Gealterter Regler oder Verschmutzung beeinflusst den Volumenstrom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator aged",
            "de": "Regler gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contamination affecting regulator seat",
            "de": "Verschmutzung beeinflusst Reglersitz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C02",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator D Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler D Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of fuel pressure regulator D is open. Solenoid cannot be energised on command.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kraftstoffdruckreglers D ist unterbrochen. Das Solenoid kann auf Anforderung nicht erregt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in regulator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Regler-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open regulator coil",
            "de": "Offene Reglerspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C03",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator D Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler D Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the fuel pressure regulator D control line is below the expected window. Wire shorted to ground or coil short.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kraftstoffdruckreglers D liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Spulen-Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in regulator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Reglerspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C04",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator D Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler D Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the fuel pressure regulator D control line is above the expected window. Wire shorted to B+ or coil open.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf der Steuerleitung des Kraftstoffdruckreglers D liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder offene Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open regulator coil",
            "de": "Offene Reglerspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C05",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor A Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor A of camshaft profile actuator A on bank 1 reports a circuit bank 1 condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor A des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers A auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bank 1\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C06",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor A Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor A Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor A of camshaft profile actuator A on bank 1 reports a range/performance bank 1 condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor A des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers A auf Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung Bank 1\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mech_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanism worn",
            "de": "Aktuator-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C07",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor A Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor A of camshaft profile actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor A des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C08",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor A Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor A of camshaft profile actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor A des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C09",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor B Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of camshaft profile actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C0A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor B Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor B Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of camshaft profile actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a range/performance condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mech_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanism worn",
            "de": "Aktuator-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C0B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of camshaft profile actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C0C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of camshaft profile actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C0D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor C Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor C of camshaft profile actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor C des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_c_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C0E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor C Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor C Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor C of camshaft profile actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a range/performance condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor C des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_c_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mech_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanism worn",
            "de": "Aktuator-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C0F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor C Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor C of camshaft profile actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor C des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_c_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C10",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor C Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor C of camshaft profile actuator on the intake side of bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor C des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Einlassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "a_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_c_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C11",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Pump A Current Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Pumpe A Strom zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current draw of reductant pump A is below the calibrated minimum for the commanded duty. Indicates open winding, partial supply interruption, or pump no longer drawing fluid (dry running).",
        "de": "Die Stromaufnahme der Reduktionsmittel-Pumpe A liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Deutet auf offene Wicklung, partielle Versorgungsunterbrechung oder Trockenlauf hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pump_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_partial_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor winding partially open",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor-Wicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "dry_running",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump dry running - no fluid load",
            "de": "Pumpe läuft trocken - keine Mediumlast"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C12",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor A Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor A of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor A des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C13",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor A Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor A Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor A of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a range/performance condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor A des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mech_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanism worn",
            "de": "Aktuator-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C14",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor A Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor A of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor A des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C15",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor A Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor A of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor A des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_a_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C16",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor B Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C17",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor B Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor B Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a range/performance condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mech_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanism worn",
            "de": "Aktuator-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C18",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C19",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor B Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor B of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor B des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_b_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C1A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor C Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor C of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor C des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_c_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C1B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor C Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor C Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor C of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a range/performance condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor C des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_c_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_mech_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanism worn",
            "de": "Aktuator-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C1C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor C Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor C of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit low condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor C des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_c_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C1D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Profile Actuator Position Sensor C Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellen-Profilsteller Positionssensor C Stromkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor C of camshaft profile actuator on the exhaust side of bank 1 reports a circuit high condition. Cam profile selection feedback cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor C des Nockenwellen-Profilstellers auf der Auslassseite Bank 1 meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Rückmeldung zur Nockenprofil-Wahl kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "b_camshaft_profile_actuator_pos_sensor_c_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C1E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Pressure Regulator A Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Kraftstoffdruckregler A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, fuel pressure regulator A does not maintain the calibrated pressure profile. Pressure rise or hold deviates from the cold-start strategy.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart hält der Kraftstoffdruckregler A nicht das kalibrierte Druckprofil. Druckanstieg oder Halten weicht von der Kaltstart-Strategie ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_a",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator response sluggish at cold temperatures",
            "de": "Regler reagiert bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_viscosity_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold fuel viscosity affects regulator characteristic",
            "de": "Kalter Kraftstoff mit hoher Viskosität beeinflusst Regler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C1F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Pressure Regulator A Exceeded Control Limits - Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Kaltstart Kraftstoffdruckregler A Steuergrenzen überschritten - Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, fuel pressure regulator A cannot maintain commanded pressure - actual rail pressure drops below the calibrated lower limit.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart kann der Kraftstoffdruckregler A den Solldruck nicht halten - der Ist-Verteilerdruck fällt unter das kalibrierte Untermaß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_a",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leak_in_rail",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in fuel rail or injector",
            "de": "Leck in Verteilerleiste oder Injektor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck open at cold start",
            "de": "Regler beim Kaltstart offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C20",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Pressure Regulator A Exceeded Control Limits - Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Kaltstart Kraftstoffdruckregler A Steuergrenzen überschritten - Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, fuel pressure regulator A overshoots target pressure - actual rail pressure rises above the calibrated upper limit.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart überschwingt der Kraftstoffdruckregler A den Solldruck - der Ist-Verteilerdruck steigt über das kalibrierte Obermaß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_a",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck closed at cold start",
            "de": "Regler beim Kaltstart geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "return_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel return path blocked by cold viscosity",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Rücklauf durch Kaltviskosität blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C21",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Temperature Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Motoröl-Temperatursensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of engine oil temperature sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor drifts or installation offset between the two channels.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Motoröl-Temperatursensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensor driftet oder es liegt ein Einbauversatz zwischen den beiden Kanälen vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_temp_sensor_a",
        "engine_oil_temp_sensor_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelung zwischen Kanälen vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_oil_temperature"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C22",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Exhaust Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Abgas-Wärmetauscher Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor for exhaust heat exchanger bypass valve A reports a circuit condition. Heat recovery routing cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor des Abgas-Wärmetauscher-Bypass-Ventils A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Wärmerückgewinnungs-Führung kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_heat_exchanger_bypass_valve_a_pos_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C23",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Exhaust Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Abgas-Wärmetauscher Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor for exhaust heat exchanger bypass valve A reports a performance condition. Heat recovery routing cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor des Abgas-Wärmetauscher-Bypass-Ventils A meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\". Die Wärmerückgewinnungs-Führung kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_heat_exchanger_bypass_valve_a_pos_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage between sensor and valve worn",
            "de": "Gestänge zwischen Sensor und Ventil verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C24",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Exhaust Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgas-Wärmetauscher Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor for exhaust heat exchanger bypass valve A reports a circuit low condition. Heat recovery routing cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor des Abgas-Wärmetauscher-Bypass-Ventils A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Wärmerückgewinnungs-Führung kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_heat_exchanger_bypass_valve_a_pos_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C25",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Heat Exchanger Exhaust Bypass Valve A Position Sensor Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgas-Wärmetauscher Bypass-Ventil A Positionssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The position sensor for exhaust heat exchanger bypass valve A reports a circuit high condition. Heat recovery routing cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor des Abgas-Wärmetauscher-Bypass-Ventils A meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Wärmerückgewinnungs-Führung kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_heat_exchanger_bypass_valve_a_pos_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C26",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group B Supply Sense Circuit",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B Versorgungs-Mess-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a generic fault on the supply sense circuit of fuel injector group B. Group supply voltage cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler im Mess-Stromkreis der Versorgung der Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B. Die Versorgungsspannung der Gruppe kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Group supply fuse aged with high resistance",
            "de": "Gruppen-Versorgungssicherung gealtert mit hohem Widerstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C27",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group B Supply Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B Versorgungs-Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the supply sense circuit of fuel injector group B is below the expected window. Indicates collapsed supply or short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf dem Mess-Stromkreis der Versorgung der Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf zusammengebrochene Versorgung oder Masseschluss hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "supply_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply rail collapsed under load",
            "de": "Versorgungspfad bricht unter Last zusammen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C28",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injector Group B Supply Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B Versorgungs-Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltage on the supply sense circuit of fuel injector group B is above the expected window. Indicates overvoltage or wire shorted to B+.",
        "de": "Die Spannung auf dem Mess-Stromkreis der Versorgung der Kraftstoffinjektor-Gruppe B liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Überspannung oder Kurzschluss nach B+ hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alternator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator drift - overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Regler driftet - Überspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C29",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Stuck",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil B festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve B reports a stuck condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably on this branch.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass valve mechanically seized",
            "de": "Bypass-Ventil mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_deposits",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits jam the valve",
            "de": "Kohlenstoffablagerungen blockieren das Ventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C2A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Position Sensor Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil B Positionssensor Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve B reports a position sensor circuit/open condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably on this branch.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Positionssensor Stromkreis offen\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sensor signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Sensor-Signalleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C2B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil B Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve B reports a position sensor circuit low condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably on this branch.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C2C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil B Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve B reports a position sensor circuit high condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably on this branch.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C2D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Position Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil B Position Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve B reports a position exceeded learning limit condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably on this branch.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Position Lerngrenze überschritten\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanism worn at end-stops",
            "de": "Mechanik an den Endanschlägen verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C2E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Supply Voltage Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil B Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve B reports a supply voltage low condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably on this branch.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannung niedrig\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_wire_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C2F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil B Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve B reports a driver current/temperature too high condition. Boost recirculation cannot be commanded reliably on this branch.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil B meldet einen Zustand \"Endstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch\". Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass valve actuator jammed",
            "de": "Bypass-Ventil-Aktuator verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C30",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil Primary Circuit Fuse A",
        "de": "Zündspulen-Primär-Stromkreis Sicherung A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects an open or blown fuse on the ignition coil primary supply circuit A. Affected coils receive no operating voltage.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt eine durchgebrannte oder offene Sicherung im Primär-Versorgungsstromkreis der Zündspulen A. Betroffene Spulen erhalten keine Betriebsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_fuse_a",
        "ignition_coils",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary supply fuse blown by short circuit",
            "de": "Primär-Versorgungssicherung durch Kurzschluss durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shorted ignition coil drawing excess current",
            "de": "Kurzgeschlossene Zündspule zieht Überstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C31",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Coil Primary Circuit Fuse B",
        "de": "Zündspulen-Primär-Stromkreis Sicherung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects an open or blown fuse on the ignition coil primary supply circuit B. Affected coils receive no operating voltage.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt eine durchgebrannte oder offene Sicherung im Primär-Versorgungsstromkreis der Zündspulen B. Betroffene Spulen erhalten keine Betriebsspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_coil_fuse_b",
        "ignition_coils",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Primary supply fuse blown by short circuit",
            "de": "Primär-Versorgungssicherung durch Kurzschluss durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shorted ignition coil drawing excess current",
            "de": "Kurzgeschlossene Zündspule zieht Überstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C32",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Drucksensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the crankcase pressure sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Kurbelgehäuse-Drucksensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C33",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Drucksensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the crankcase pressure sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Kurbelgehäuse-Drucksensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C34",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Sensor B Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Drucksensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the crankcase pressure sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Kurbelgehäuse-Drucksensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C35",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Sensor B Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Drucksensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the crankcase pressure sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Kurbelgehäuse-Drucksensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C36",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Pressure Sensor B Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Drucksensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the crankcase pressure sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Kurbelgehäuse-Drucksensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C37",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Engine Coolant Pump Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Motorkühlmittelpumpe Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the engine coolant pump does not produce the expected flow. Pump aging combined with high cold viscosity, or pump-disable strategy malfunction.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liefert die Motorkühlmittelpumpe nicht den erwarteten Volumenstrom. Pumpenverschleiß kombiniert mit hoher Kaltviskosität oder Fehler in der Pumpenabschalt-Strategie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump",
        "engine_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded with age",
            "de": "Pumpenförderleistung mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cold_viscosity",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold coolant viscosity too high",
            "de": "Kaltes Kühlmittel mit zu hoher Viskosität"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C38",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the cylinder head temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_head_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C39",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the cylinder head temperature sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_head_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C3A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the cylinder head temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_head_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C3B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the cylinder head temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_head_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C3C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the cylinder head temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_head_temperature_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C3D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of cylinder head temperature sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor drifts or installation offset between the two channels.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Zylinderkopf-Temperatursensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensor driftet oder es liegt ein Einbauversatz zwischen den Kanälen vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_head_temperature_sensor_a",
        "cylinder_head_temperature_sensor_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelung zwischen Kanälen vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C3E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 4 Control Circuit",
        "de": "Lüfter 4 Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of cooling fan 4 reports a control circuit condition. Fan operation cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlerlüfters 4 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis\". Der Lüfterbetrieb kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_4",
        "fan_relay_4",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in fan control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Lüfter-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay failed",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C3F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 4 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lüfter 4 Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of cooling fan 4 reports a control circuit low condition. Fan operation cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlerlüfters 4 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der Lüfterbetrieb kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_4",
        "fan_relay_4",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay coil shorted",
            "de": "Relaisspule kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C40",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 4 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Lüfter 4 Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of cooling fan 4 reports a control circuit high condition. Fan operation cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Kühlerlüfters 4 meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der Lüfterbetrieb kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_4",
        "fan_relay_4",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay coil open",
            "de": "Relaisspule offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C41",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 3 Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Lüfter 3 Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 3 is commanded on but does not produce the expected airflow. Mechanical seizure, broken motor, or relay failure.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter 3 wird eingeschaltet, erzeugt aber nicht den erwarteten Luftstrom. Mechanisches Festsitzen, defekter Motor oder Relaisausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_3",
        "fan_relay_3",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized or burned out",
            "de": "Lüftermotor festsitzend oder durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais-Kontakte oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C42",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 4 Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Lüfter 4 Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 4 is commanded on but does not produce the expected airflow. Mechanical seizure, broken motor, or relay failure.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter 4 wird eingeschaltet, erzeugt aber nicht den erwarteten Luftstrom. Mechanisches Festsitzen, defekter Motor oder Relaisausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_4",
        "fan_relay_4",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized or burned out",
            "de": "Lüftermotor festsitzend oder durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan relay contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Lüfterrelais-Kontakte oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C43",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Isolation/Voltage Stabilization Control Circuit",
        "de": "Batterie-Isolation/Spannungsstabilisierung Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery isolation/voltage stabilization module reports a control circuit condition. Power supply quality during start/stop or load shedding is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Batterie-Isolations-/Spannungsstabilisierungsmodul meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis\". Die Stromversorgungsqualität bei Start/Stopp oder Lastabwurf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_isolation_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Isolation/stabilization module failed",
            "de": "Isolations-/Stabilisierungsmodul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C44",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Isolation/Voltage Stabilization Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Batterie-Isolation/Spannungsstabilisierung Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery isolation/voltage stabilization module reports a control circuit performance condition. Power supply quality during start/stop or load shedding is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Batterie-Isolations-/Spannungsstabilisierungsmodul meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten\". Die Stromversorgungsqualität bei Start/Stopp oder Lastabwurf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_isolation_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module response outside calibration",
            "de": "Modul-Reaktion außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C45",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Isolation/Voltage Stabilization Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterie-Isolation/Spannungsstabilisierung Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery isolation/voltage stabilization module reports a control circuit low condition. Power supply quality during start/stop or load shedding is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Batterie-Isolations-/Spannungsstabilisierungsmodul meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Stromversorgungsqualität bei Start/Stopp oder Lastabwurf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_isolation_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module short",
            "de": "Interner Modul-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C46",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Isolation/Voltage Stabilization Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterie-Isolation/Spannungsstabilisierung Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery isolation/voltage stabilization module reports a control circuit high condition. Power supply quality during start/stop or load shedding is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Batterie-Isolations-/Spannungsstabilisierungsmodul meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Stromversorgungsqualität bei Start/Stopp oder Lastabwurf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_isolation_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open module input",
            "de": "Offener Moduleingang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C47",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Isolation/Voltage Stabilization Control Circuit Intermittent",
        "de": "Batterie-Isolation/Spannungsstabilisierung Steuerkreis sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery isolation/voltage stabilization module reports a control circuit intermittent condition. Power supply quality during start/stop or load shedding is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Batterie-Isolations-/Spannungsstabilisierungsmodul meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis sporadisch\". Die Stromversorgungsqualität bei Start/Stopp oder Lastabwurf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_isolation_module",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module connector not seated",
            "de": "Modulstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C48",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump C Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe C Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump C is commanded on but does not respond as expected. Pump motor stuck, relay weld, or driver fault.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe C wird angesteuert, reagiert aber nicht wie erwartet. Pumpenmotor festsitzend, verschweißtes Relais oder Endstufenfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver fault",
            "de": "Endstufen-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C49",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump D Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe D Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump D is commanded on but does not respond as expected. Pump motor stuck, relay weld, or driver fault.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe D wird angesteuert, reagiert aber nicht wie erwartet. Pumpenmotor festsitzend, verschweißtes Relais oder Endstufenfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver fault",
            "de": "Endstufen-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C4A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch actuator position sensor reports a circuit condition. Clutch engagement state cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungs-Aktuator-Positionssensor meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der Einrückzustand der Kupplung kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C4B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch actuator position sensor reports a circuit range/performance condition. Clutch engagement state cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungs-Aktuator-Positionssensor meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der Einrückzustand der Kupplung kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage between sensor and actuator worn",
            "de": "Gestänge zwischen Sensor und Aktuator verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C4C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch actuator position sensor reports a circuit low condition. Clutch engagement state cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungs-Aktuator-Positionssensor meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der Einrückzustand der Kupplung kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C4D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch actuator position sensor reports a circuit high condition. Clutch engagement state cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungs-Aktuator-Positionssensor meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der Einrückzustand der Kupplung kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C4E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch actuator position sensor reports a circuit intermittent/erratic condition. Clutch engagement state cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungs-Aktuator-Positionssensor meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Der Einrückzustand der Kupplung kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C4F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Actuator Performance",
        "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The clutch actuator does not move within the calibrated time window. Hydraulic restriction, increased friction, or actuator force degraded.",
        "de": "Der Kupplungs-Aktuator bewegt sich nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeitfensters. Hydraulische Einengung, erhöhte Reibung oder nachgelassene Aktuatorkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_actuator",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_friction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in actuator",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung im Aktuator"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_restricted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic flow restricted",
            "de": "Hydraulik-Volumenstrom eingeengt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C50",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Clutch Pedal Position Sensor A/Clutch Actuator Position Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Kupplungspedal-Positionssensor A / Kupplungs-Aktuator-Positionssensor Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The pedal position signal of clutch sensor A does not correlate with the actuator position signal within the calibrated tolerance. Plausibility check fails.",
        "de": "Das Pedalpositions-Signal des Kupplungssensors A korreliert nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz mit dem Aktuator-Positions-Signal. Plausibilitätsprüfung schlägt fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "clutch_pedal_position_sensor_a",
        "clutch_actuator_position_sensor",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Ein Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_wear",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical linkage worn",
            "de": "Mechanisches Gestänge verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C51",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Level Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Füllstandsensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of fuel level sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. Common in saddle tanks where two sensors monitor each tank half.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Kraftstoff-Füllstandsensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Bei Satteltanks häufig - zwei Sensoren überwachen die Tankhälften."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_a",
        "fuel_level_sensor_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "float_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One float stuck on guide rod",
            "de": "Ein Schwimmer am Führungsrohr festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "transfer_pump_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Saddle tank transfer pump failed",
            "de": "Satteltank-Förderpumpe defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C52",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Min-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 1 has reached the minimum learning limit. Injector flow trends below nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 1 hat das Min-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert unter den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_1",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged - reduced flow",
            "de": "Injektor teilweise verstopft - reduzierter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift on this injector",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift an diesem Injektor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C53",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Max-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 1 has reached the maximum learning limit. Injector flow trends above nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 1 hat das Max-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert über den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_1",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - increased flow",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - erhöhter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift high",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C54",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Min-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 2 has reached the minimum learning limit. Injector flow trends below nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 2 hat das Min-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert unter den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_2",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged - reduced flow",
            "de": "Injektor teilweise verstopft - reduzierter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift on this injector",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift an diesem Injektor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C55",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Max-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 2 has reached the maximum learning limit. Injector flow trends above nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 2 hat das Max-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert über den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_2",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - increased flow",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - erhöhter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift high",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C56",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Min-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 3 has reached the minimum learning limit. Injector flow trends below nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 3 hat das Min-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert unter den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_3",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged - reduced flow",
            "de": "Injektor teilweise verstopft - reduzierter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift on this injector",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift an diesem Injektor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C57",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Max-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 3 has reached the maximum learning limit. Injector flow trends above nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 3 hat das Max-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert über den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_3",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - increased flow",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - erhöhter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift high",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C58",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Min-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 4 has reached the minimum learning limit. Injector flow trends below nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 4 hat das Min-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert unter den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_4",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged - reduced flow",
            "de": "Injektor teilweise verstopft - reduzierter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift on this injector",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift an diesem Injektor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C59",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Max-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 4 has reached the maximum learning limit. Injector flow trends above nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 4 hat das Max-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert über den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_4",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - increased flow",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - erhöhter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift high",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C5A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Min-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 5 has reached the minimum learning limit. Injector flow trends below nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 5 hat das Min-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert unter den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_5",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged - reduced flow",
            "de": "Injektor teilweise verstopft - reduzierter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift on this injector",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift an diesem Injektor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C5B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Max-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 5 has reached the maximum learning limit. Injector flow trends above nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 5 hat das Max-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert über den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_5",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - increased flow",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - erhöhter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift high",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C5C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Min-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 6 has reached the minimum learning limit. Injector flow trends below nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 6 hat das Min-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert unter den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_6",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged - reduced flow",
            "de": "Injektor teilweise verstopft - reduzierter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift on this injector",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift an diesem Injektor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C5D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Max-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 6 has reached the maximum learning limit. Injector flow trends above nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 6 hat das Max-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert über den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_6",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - increased flow",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - erhöhter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift high",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C5E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Min-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 7 has reached the minimum learning limit. Injector flow trends below nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 7 hat das Min-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert unter den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_7",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged - reduced flow",
            "de": "Injektor teilweise verstopft - reduzierter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift on this injector",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift an diesem Injektor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C5F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Max-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 7 has reached the maximum learning limit. Injector flow trends above nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 7 hat das Max-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert über den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_7",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - increased flow",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - erhöhter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift high",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C60",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Min Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Min-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 8 has reached the minimum learning limit. Injector flow trends below nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 8 hat das Min-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert unter den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_8",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector partially clogged - reduced flow",
            "de": "Injektor teilweise verstopft - reduzierter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift on this injector",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift an diesem Injektor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C61",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Fuel Injector B Offset Learning At Max Limit",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Kraftstoffinjektor B Offset-Lernen am Max-Limit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector offset adaptation for fuel injector B on cylinder 8 has reached the maximum learning limit. Injector flow trends above nominal beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Die Injektor-Offset-Adaption für den Kraftstoffinjektor B auf Zylinder 8 hat das Max-Lernlimit erreicht. Der Injektor-Volumenstrom tendiert über den Nennwert jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_b_cyl_8",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking - increased flow",
            "de": "Injektor undicht - erhöhter Volumenstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_drift_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Local rail pressure drift high",
            "de": "Lokale Verteilerdruck-Drift hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C62",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit/Open Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trim-Stromkreis offen Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wide-band oxygen sensor on bank 1 sensor 3 reports a pumping current trim circuit/open condition. Lambda regulation accuracy is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Breitband-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 Sonde 3 meldet einen Zustand \"Pumpstrom-Trim-Stromkreis offen\". Die Genauigkeit der Lambdaregelung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in trim wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Trim-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal open in pump cell trim",
            "de": "Interne Unterbrechung im Pumpzellen-Trim"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C63",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trim-Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wide-band oxygen sensor on bank 1 sensor 3 reports a pumping current trim circuit low condition. Lambda regulation accuracy is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Breitband-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 Sonde 3 meldet einen Zustand \"Pumpstrom-Trim-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Genauigkeit der Lambdaregelung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Trim wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Trim-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump cell trim",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Pumpzellen-Trim"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C64",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Pumping Current Trim Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde Pumpstrom-Trim-Stromkreis hoch Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wide-band oxygen sensor on bank 1 sensor 3 reports a pumping current trim circuit high condition. Lambda regulation accuracy is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Breitband-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 Sonde 3 meldet einen Zustand \"Pumpstrom-Trim-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Genauigkeit der Lambdaregelung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Trim wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Trim-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_cell_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump cell trim",
            "de": "Offene Pumpzellen-Trim"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C65",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "O2 Sensor Out of Range During Deceleration Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Lambdasonde außerhalb des Bereichs bei Verzögerung Bank 1 Sonde 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wide-band oxygen sensor on bank 1 sensor 3 reports a out of range during deceleration condition. Lambda regulation accuracy is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Breitband-Lambdasonde auf Bank 1 Sonde 3 meldet einen Zustand \"außerhalb des Bereichs bei Verzögerung\". Die Genauigkeit der Lambdaregelung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "o2_sensor_b1_s3",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "exhaust_oxygen_spike",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unable to follow oxygen spike during fuel cut",
            "de": "Sonde kann Sauerstoff-Spitze bei Schubabschaltung nicht folgen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_aging",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor response time degraded with age",
            "de": "Sensor-Reaktionszeit mit Alter verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C66",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump A Underspeed",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid electronics coolant pump A runs below the calibrated minimum speed for the commanded duty. Mechanical resistance high or supply voltage low.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A läuft unter der kalibrierten Mindestdrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Mechanischer Widerstand zu hoch oder Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C67",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump A Overspeed",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid electronics coolant pump A exceeds the calibrated maximum speed. Mechanical load lost or rotor position offset.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A überschreitet die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl. Mechanische Last verloren oder Rotorlage-Versatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical coupling broken",
            "de": "Mechanische Koppelung gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C68",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump A Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid electronics coolant pump A is mechanically stuck or has stalled. Power electronics cooling is severely reduced or absent.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A sitzt mechanisch fest oder ist blockiert. Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist stark reduziert oder fehlt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed",
            "de": "Pumpenrad verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C69",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor \"A\" Phase X Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor \"A\" Phase X Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a generic fault on phase X current measurement of drive motor A.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler bei der Strommessung der Phase X des Antriebsmotors A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_x",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C6A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor \"A\" Phase X Current Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor \"A\" Phase X Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase X current of drive motor A is below the expected window. Indicates open winding, short, or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-X-Strom des Antriebsmotors A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_x",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C6B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor \"A\" Phase X Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor \"A\" Phase X Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase X current of drive motor A exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short, stalled rotor, or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-X-Strom des Antriebsmotors A überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss, blockierten Rotor oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_x",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C6C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor \"A\" Phase Y Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor \"A\" Phase Y Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a generic fault on phase Y current measurement of drive motor A.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler bei der Strommessung der Phase Y des Antriebsmotors A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_y",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C6D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor \"A\" Phase Y Current Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor \"A\" Phase Y Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase Y current of drive motor A is below the expected window. Indicates open winding, short, or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-Y-Strom des Antriebsmotors A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_y",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C6E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor \"A\" Phase Y Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor \"A\" Phase Y Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase Y current of drive motor A exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short, stalled rotor, or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-Y-Strom des Antriebsmotors A überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss, blockierten Rotor oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_y",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C6F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor \"A\" Phase Z Current",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor \"A\" Phase Z Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a generic fault on phase Z current measurement of drive motor A.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen allgemeinen Fehler bei der Strommessung der Phase Z des Antriebsmotors A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_z",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase current sensor failed",
            "de": "Phasen-Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C70",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor \"A\" Phase Z Current Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor \"A\" Phase Z Strom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase Z current of drive motor A is below the expected window. Indicates open winding, short, or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-Z-Strom des Antriebsmotors A liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf offene Wicklung, Kurzschluss oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_z",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase winding partially open",
            "de": "Phasenwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C71",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor \"A\" Phase Z Current High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor \"A\" Phase Z Strom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Phase Z current of drive motor A exceeds the expected window. Indicates phase short, stalled rotor, or sensor offset.",
        "de": "Der Phase-Z-Strom des Antriebsmotors A überschreitet den erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Phasen-Kurzschluss, blockierten Rotor oder Sensor-Versatz hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_z",
        "inverter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rotor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rotor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Rotor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C72",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Cooling System Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlsystem Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects that the power electronics cooling system does not maintain target temperatures under load. Coolant flow, radiator fouling, or pump output reduced.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt, dass das Kühlsystem der Leistungselektronik die Solltemperaturen unter Last nicht hält. Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom, Verschmutzung des Kühlers oder reduzierte Pumpenleistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "hybrid_electronics_radiator",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "radiator_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radiator fins fouled - reduced heat rejection",
            "de": "Kühler-Lamellen verschmutzt - reduzierte Wärmeabfuhr"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant aged - reduced heat capacity",
            "de": "Kühlmittel gealtert - reduzierte Wärmekapazität"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C73",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter C Stuck On",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlergrillklappe C dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Active grille air shutter C stays in the open position when commanded to close. Aerodynamic drag and warm-up time are affected.",
        "de": "Die aktive Kühlergrillklappe C bleibt in der offenen Position, auch wenn das Schließen angefordert wurde. Luftwiderstand und Warmlauf-Zeit sind beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutter actuator mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Klappen-Aktuator mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage iced or jammed",
            "de": "Gestänge vereist oder verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C74",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter C Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlergrillklappe C Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of active grille air shutter C reports a range/performance condition. Actuator response or current draw outside calibration.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der aktiven Kühlergrillklappe C meldet einen Zustand Bereich/Leistung. Aktuator-Reaktion oder Stromaufnahme außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slower than expected",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion langsamer als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C75",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter Module C Over Temperature",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlergrillklappen-Modul C Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module of active grille air shutter C reports junction temperature above its protection threshold. Thermal protection has triggered.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul der aktiven Kühlergrillklappe C meldet eine Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Der Thermoschutz hat ausgelöst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Under-bonnet temperature too high",
            "de": "Motorraumtemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stall_current",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained stall current",
            "de": "Anhaltender Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C76",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter D Stuck On",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlergrillklappe D dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Active grille air shutter D stays in the open position when commanded to close. Aerodynamic drag and warm-up time are affected.",
        "de": "Die aktive Kühlergrillklappe D bleibt in der offenen Position, auch wenn das Schließen angefordert wurde. Luftwiderstand und Warmlauf-Zeit sind beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutter actuator mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Klappen-Aktuator mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage iced or jammed",
            "de": "Gestänge vereist oder verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C77",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter D Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlergrillklappe D Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of active grille air shutter D reports a range/performance condition. Actuator response or current draw outside calibration.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der aktiven Kühlergrillklappe D meldet einen Zustand Bereich/Leistung. Aktuator-Reaktion oder Stromaufnahme außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slower than expected",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion langsamer als erwartet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C78",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Grille Air Shutter Module D Over Temperature",
        "de": "Aktive Kühlergrillklappen-Modul D Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module of active grille air shutter D reports junction temperature above its protection threshold. Thermal protection has triggered.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul der aktiven Kühlergrillklappe D meldet eine Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Der Thermoschutz hat ausgelöst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Under-bonnet temperature too high",
            "de": "Motorraumtemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "stall_current",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained stall current",
            "de": "Anhaltender Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C79",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Adsorber - Sulfur Limit Exceeded",
        "de": "NOx-Adsorber - Schwefelgrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the cumulative sulfur load on the NOx adsorber catalyst exceeds the calibrated threshold. Desulfation regeneration is required to restore catalyst function.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass die kumulative Schwefelbelastung des NOx-Adsorber-Katalysators den kalibrierten Schwellenwert überschreitet. Eine Entschwefelungs-Regeneration ist erforderlich, um die Katalysatorfunktion wiederherzustellen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_adsorber_catalyst"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_sulfur_fuel",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Operation with high-sulfur fuel",
            "de": "Betrieb mit schwefelreichem Kraftstoff"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regen_strategy_disabled",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Desulfation regen strategy disabled or failed",
            "de": "Entschwefelungs-Strategie deaktiviert oder fehlgeschlagen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_adsorber"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C7A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "SCR NOx Catalyst Efficiency Below Threshold Bank 1 Catalyst 2",
        "de": "SCR-NOx-Katalysator Effizienz unter Schwelle Bank 1 Katalysator 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the conversion efficiency of the second SCR catalyst on bank 1 is below the calibrated threshold. NOx slip past catalyst 2 is too high.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Umwandlungs-Effizienz des zweiten SCR-Katalysators auf Bank 1 unter der kalibrierten Schwelle liegt. NOx-Schlupf nach Katalysator 2 ist zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "scr_catalyst_b1_cat2",
        "reductant_dosing_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "catalyst_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Catalyst 2 aged or contaminated",
            "de": "Katalysator 2 gealtert oder verunreinigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "reductant_dosing_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant dosing insufficient for cat 2",
            "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosierung für Kat 2 unzureichend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C7B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Einlassventil Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger turbine inlet valve does not respond to commands within the expected time window. Mechanical resistance or actuator weakened.",
        "de": "Das Turbinen-Einlassventil des Turboladers reagiert nicht innerhalb des erwarteten Zeitfensters auf Befehle. Mechanischer Widerstand oder geschwächter Aktuator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_turbine_inlet_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_friction",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in valve assembly",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung in der Ventilbaugruppe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator force degraded",
            "de": "Aktuatorkraft nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C7C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Supply Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Einlassventil Versorgungsstromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to the turbocharger turbine inlet valve actuator is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung zum Turbinen-Einlassventil-Aktuator des Turboladers liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_turbine_inlet_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_wire_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C7D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Motor Driver High Current",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Einlassventil Motor-Endstufe hoher Strom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the turbocharger turbine inlet valve motor reports current above the protection threshold. Stalled motor or short-circuit fault.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Motors des Turbinen-Einlassventils meldet Strom oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Festsitzender Motor oder Kurzschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_turbine_inlet_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_stalled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor stalled - high stall current",
            "de": "Motor blockiert - hoher Stillstandsstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phase_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short between motor phases",
            "de": "Kurzschluss zwischen Motorphasen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C7E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Motor Driver Overtemperature",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Einlassventil Motor-Endstufe Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the turbocharger turbine inlet valve motor reports junction temperature above the protection threshold.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Motors des Turbinen-Einlassventils meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_turbine_inlet_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sustained_high_current",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high motor current",
            "de": "Anhaltend hoher Motorstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Under-bonnet temperature too high",
            "de": "Motorraumtemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C7F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Position Sensor Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Turbolader Turbinen-Einlassventil Positionssensor Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for the turbocharger turbine inlet valve position sensor exceeds the calibrated learning window.",
        "de": "Der für den Positionssensor des Turbinen-Einlassventils erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_turbine_inlet_valve",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanism worn at end-stops",
            "de": "Mechanik an den Endanschlägen verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C80",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Pump Overspeed Bank 1",
        "de": "AIR-System Pumpe Überdrehzahl Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary air injection (AIR) pump on bank 1 exceeds the calibrated maximum speed. Indicates load lost or supply voltage too high.",
        "de": "Die Sekundärluftpumpe (AIR) auf Bank 1 überschreitet die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl. Deutet auf verlorene Last oder zu hohe Versorgungsspannung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_pump_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller damaged - load lost",
            "de": "Pumpenrad beschädigt - Last verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage above nominal",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung über Nennwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C81",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Pump Overtemperature Bank 1",
        "de": "AIR-System Pumpe Übertemperatur Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AIR pump on bank 1 reports temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained operation, blocked outlet, or cooling path obstruction.",
        "de": "Die AIR-Pumpe auf Bank 1 meldet Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltender Betrieb, blockierter Auslass oder behinderter Kühlpfad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_pump_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "outlet_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump outlet restricted",
            "de": "Pumpenauslass eingeengt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sustained_run",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained pump operation",
            "de": "Anhaltender Pumpenbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C82",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIR System Pump Supply Voltage Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "AIR-System Pumpen-Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AIR pump supply voltage circuit on bank 1 reports a fault. Pump may not start when commanded.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis der AIR-Pumpe auf Bank 1 meldet einen Fehler. Die Pumpe startet möglicherweise nicht bei Anforderung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "secondary_air_injection_pump_b1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C83",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Shift Time Too Short",
        "de": "Kaltstart Schaltzeit zu kurz"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the transmission shift time is shorter than calibrated. Risk of harsh shifts before fluid reaches operating temperature.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart ist die Getriebe-Schaltzeit kürzer als kalibriert. Risiko harter Schaltungen, bevor das Öl die Betriebstemperatur erreicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_valve_body",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "control_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift control overshoot at low temperature",
            "de": "Schaltsteuerung überschwingt bei niedriger Temperatur"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fluid_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transmission fluid level low",
            "de": "Getriebeölstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C84",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Shift Time Too Long",
        "de": "Kaltstart Schaltzeit zu lang"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the transmission shift time exceeds the calibrated maximum. Cold fluid viscosity, valve body restriction, or solenoid lazy at low temperature.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart überschreitet die Getriebe-Schaltzeit das kalibrierte Maximum. Kalt-Ölviskosität, Ventilkörper-Einengung oder bei Kälte träge Solenoide."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_valve_body",
        "transmission_fluid",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fluid_viscosity_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold fluid viscosity too high",
            "de": "Kalt-Ölviskosität zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Solenoid-Reaktion bei Kälte träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C85",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage External Isolation Fault",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriespannung Externer Isolationsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects an isolation fault between the high-voltage battery and the vehicle chassis. Indicates degraded HV insulation.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Isolationsfehler zwischen der Hochvolt-Batterie und der Fahrzeugmasse. Deutet auf verschlechterte HV-Isolation hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "hv_wiring",
        "isolation_monitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hv_cable_chafe",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV cable insulation chafed against chassis",
            "de": "HV-Kabelisolation gegen Karosserie gescheuert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "moisture_ingress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Moisture in HV connector",
            "de": "Feuchtigkeit im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C86",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage Internal Isolation Warning",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriespannung Interne Isolations-Warnung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects an internal isolation warning inside the high-voltage battery pack. Pre-failure indicator for cell or busbar insulation.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt eine interne Isolations-Warnung innerhalb des Hochvolt-Batteriepakets. Vorzeitiger Hinweis auf Zell- oder Sammelschienen-Isolation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "hv_wiring",
        "isolation_monitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_insulation_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell insulation aged",
            "de": "Zellisolation gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "busbar_short_path",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Busbar approaching housing",
            "de": "Sammelschiene nähert sich Gehäuse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C87",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage External Isolation Warning",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriespannung Externe Isolations-Warnung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects an early-warning external isolation degradation. Pre-failure indicator for HV cable insulation against chassis.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt eine externe Isolations-Vorwarnung. Vorzeitiger Hinweis auf HV-Kabelisolation gegen Karosserie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "hv_wiring",
        "isolation_monitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "moisture_ingress",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Moisture in HV connector",
            "de": "Feuchtigkeit im HV-Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cable_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV cable insulation aged",
            "de": "HV-Kabelisolation gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C88",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Voltage System Isolation Warning",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriespannung System-Isolations-Warnung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a system-wide isolation warning across multiple HV components. General insulation degradation.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt eine system-weite Isolations-Warnung über mehrere HV-Komponenten hinweg. Allgemeine Isolationsverschlechterung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "hv_wiring",
        "isolation_monitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "multi_point_degradation",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Multiple low-grade insulation faults",
            "de": "Mehrere geringgradige Isolationsfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_humidity",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High ambient humidity affecting multiple components",
            "de": "Hohe Umgebungsfeuchtigkeit beeinflusst mehrere Komponenten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C89",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery System Precharge Current Too High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriesystem Vorladestrom zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During the HV battery precharge sequence, the inrush current exceeds the calibrated maximum. Indicates short on the DC-link side or insufficient precharge resistance.",
        "de": "Während der HV-Batterie-Vorladephase überschreitet der Einschaltstrom das kalibrierte Maximum. Deutet auf Kurzschluss auf der Zwischenkreis-Seite oder unzureichenden Vorladewiderstand hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_precharge_resistor",
        "dc_link_capacitor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "dc_link_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short on DC-link (capacitor or load)",
            "de": "Kurzschluss am Zwischenkreis (Kondensator oder Last)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "precharge_resistor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Precharge resistor shorted",
            "de": "Vorladewiderstand kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C8A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module A Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellenmodul A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery interface control module A reports a performance fault. Internal self-tests fail or response time outside calibration.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Batterie-Schnittstellenmodul A meldet einen Verhaltens-Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die Reaktionszeit liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_interface_cm_a",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal control module fault",
            "de": "Interner Steuermodulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication with BMS degraded",
            "de": "Kommunikation zum BMS verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C8B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module B Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellenmodul B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery interface control module B reports a performance fault. Internal self-tests fail or response time outside calibration.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Batterie-Schnittstellenmodul B meldet einen Verhaltens-Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die Reaktionszeit liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_interface_cm_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal control module fault",
            "de": "Interner Steuermodulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication with BMS degraded",
            "de": "Kommunikation zum BMS verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C8C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C8D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor D Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C8E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C8F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C90",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Ventilation System - Hose A Disconnected",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftung - Schlauch A abgezogen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that crankcase ventilation hose A is disconnected based on pressure or vacuum signals. Unmetered air ingress and oil mist escape are possible.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt anhand von Druck- oder Unterdrucksignalen, dass der Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftungsschlauch A abgezogen ist. Unbemessener Lufteintritt und Ölnebel-Austritt sind möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_vent_hose_a",
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor",
        "intake_manifold"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hose_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hose disconnected at fitting",
            "de": "Schlauch an Verschraubung abgezogen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hose_split",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hose split or perforated",
            "de": "Schlauch gerissen oder perforiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C91",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Ventilation System - Hose B Disconnected",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftung - Schlauch B abgezogen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that crankcase ventilation hose B is disconnected based on pressure or vacuum signals. Unmetered air ingress and oil mist escape are possible.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt anhand von Druck- oder Unterdrucksignalen, dass der Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftungsschlauch B abgezogen ist. Unbemessener Lufteintritt und Ölnebel-Austritt sind möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_vent_hose_b",
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor",
        "intake_manifold"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hose_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hose disconnected at fitting",
            "de": "Schlauch an Verschraubung abgezogen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hose_split",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hose split or perforated",
            "de": "Schlauch gerissen oder perforiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C92",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Contactor Control Supply Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Schütz-Steuerung Versorgungsstromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply circuit for the hybrid battery contactor control reports a open condition. Contactor coils may not energise as expected.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis der Hybrid-Batterie-Schütz-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"offen\". Die Schützspulen werden möglicherweise nicht wie erwartet erregt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_contactor_control_supply",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C93",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Contactor Control Supply Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Schütz-Steuerung Versorgungsstromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply circuit for the hybrid battery contactor control reports a range/performance condition. Contactor coils may not energise as expected.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis der Hybrid-Batterie-Schütz-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Schützspulen werden möglicherweise nicht wie erwartet erregt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_contactor_control_supply",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage drift outside calibration",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C94",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Contactor Control Supply Circuit/Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Schütz-Steuerung Versorgungsstromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply circuit for the hybrid battery contactor control reports a low condition. Contactor coils may not energise as expected.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis der Hybrid-Batterie-Schütz-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"niedrig\". Die Schützspulen werden möglicherweise nicht wie erwartet erregt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_contactor_control_supply",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_collapse",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply rail collapses under load",
            "de": "Versorgungspfad bricht unter Last zusammen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C95",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Contactor Control Supply Circuit/High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Schütz-Steuerung Versorgungsstromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply circuit for the hybrid battery contactor control reports a high condition. Contactor coils may not energise as expected.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis der Hybrid-Batterie-Schütz-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"hoch\". Die Schützspulen werden möglicherweise nicht wie erwartet erregt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_contactor_control_supply",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Regler überschwingt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C96",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Disable Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Abschaltung Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery disable circuit reports a circuit/open condition. Service disconnect signal cannot be read reliably.",
        "de": "Der Hybrid-Batterie-Abschaltstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Das Service-Trennsignal kann nicht zuverlässig gelesen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_disable_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in disable signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Abschaltsignal-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Service disconnect switch failed open",
            "de": "Service-Trennschalter offen ausgefallen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C97",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Disable Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Abschaltung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery disable circuit reports a circuit low condition. Service disconnect signal cannot be read reliably.",
        "de": "Der Hybrid-Batterie-Abschaltstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Das Service-Trennsignal kann nicht zuverlässig gelesen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_disable_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Service disconnect switch shorted",
            "de": "Service-Trennschalter kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C98",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Disable Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Abschaltung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery disable circuit reports a circuit high condition. Service disconnect signal cannot be read reliably.",
        "de": "Der Hybrid-Batterie-Abschaltstromkreis meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Das Service-Trennsignal kann nicht zuverlässig gelesen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_disable_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pull_down_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C99",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator A Control Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-Aktuator A Steuerung Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for throttle actuator A exceeds the calibrated learning window. Mechanical wear, deposit build-up, or sensor drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Der für den Drosselklappen-Aktuator A erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Mechanischer Verschleiß, Ablagerungen oder Sensordrift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_a",
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deposits",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deposits on throttle plate or bore",
            "de": "Ablagerungen auf Drosselklappe oder Bohrung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS reference drifted",
            "de": "TPS-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C9A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Actuator B Control Exceeded Learning Limit",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-Aktuator B Steuerung Lerngrenze überschritten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for throttle actuator B exceeds the calibrated learning window. Mechanical wear, deposit build-up, or sensor drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Der für den Drosselklappen-Aktuator B erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Mechanischer Verschleiß, Ablagerungen oder Sensordrift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b",
        "throttle_position_sensor",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deposits",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deposits on throttle plate or bore",
            "de": "Ablagerungen auf Drosselklappe oder Bohrung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPS reference drifted",
            "de": "TPS-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C9B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Actuator A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate-Aktuator A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the wastegate actuator A response does not match the cold-start calibration. Cold viscosity, ice formation, or actuator force degraded at low temperature.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart entspricht die Reaktion des Wastegate-Aktuators A nicht der Kaltstart-Kalibrierung. Kalt-Viskosität, Eisbildung oder bei Kälte nachgelassene Aktuatorkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator_a",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Aktuator bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate linkage iced",
            "de": "Wastegate-Gestänge vereist"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C9C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Turbocharger/Supercharger Wastegate Actuator B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Turbolader/Kompressor Wastegate-Aktuator B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the wastegate actuator B response does not match the cold-start calibration. Cold viscosity, ice formation, or actuator force degraded at low temperature.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart entspricht die Reaktion des Wastegate-Aktuators B nicht der Kaltstart-Kalibrierung. Kalt-Viskosität, Eisbildung oder bei Kälte nachgelassene Aktuatorkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_actuator_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Aktuator bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate linkage iced",
            "de": "Wastegate-Gestänge vereist"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C9D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator C Exceeded Control Limits - Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler C Steuergrenzen überschritten - Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator C cannot maintain commanded pressure - actual rail pressure rises above the calibrated upper limit.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoffdruckregler C kann den Solldruck nicht halten - der Ist-Verteilerdruck steigt über das kalibrierte Obermaß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_c",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck closed",
            "de": "Regler geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "return_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel return path blocked",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Rücklauf blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C9E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator C Exceeded Control Limits - Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler C Steuergrenzen überschritten - Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator C cannot maintain commanded pressure - actual rail pressure drops below the calibrated lower limit.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoffdruckregler C kann den Solldruck nicht halten - der Ist-Verteilerdruck fällt unter das kalibrierte Untermaß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_c",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leak_in_rail",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in fuel rail or injector",
            "de": "Leck in Verteilerleiste oder Injektor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck open",
            "de": "Regler offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2C9F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator D Exceeded Control Limits - Pressure Too High",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler D Steuergrenzen überschritten - Druck zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator D cannot maintain commanded pressure - actual rail pressure rises above the calibrated upper limit.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoffdruckregler D kann den Solldruck nicht halten - der Ist-Verteilerdruck steigt über das kalibrierte Obermaß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_d",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck closed",
            "de": "Regler geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "return_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel return path blocked",
            "de": "Kraftstoff-Rücklauf blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CA0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Pressure Regulator D Exceeded Control Limits - Pressure Too Low",
        "de": "Kraftstoffdruckregler D Steuergrenzen überschritten - Druck zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fuel pressure regulator D cannot maintain commanded pressure - actual rail pressure drops below the calibrated lower limit.",
        "de": "Der Kraftstoffdruckregler D kann den Solldruck nicht halten - der Ist-Verteilerdruck fällt unter das kalibrierte Untermaß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_regulator_d",
        "fuel_rail"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "leak_in_rail",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in fuel rail or injector",
            "de": "Leck in Verteilerleiste oder Injektor"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator stuck open",
            "de": "Regler offen festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CA1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump Sense Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe Mess-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sense feedback circuit for the charge air cooler coolant pump reports a high condition. Pump output verification is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Rückmeldekreis der Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"hoch\". Die Verifikation der Pumpenleistung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump driver feedback drifted high",
            "de": "Pumpentreiber-Rückmeldung driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CA2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump Sense Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe Mess-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sense feedback circuit for the charge air cooler coolant pump reports a low condition. Pump output verification is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Rückmeldekreis der Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"niedrig\". Die Verifikation der Pumpenleistung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CA3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump Sense Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe Mess-Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sense feedback circuit for the charge air cooler coolant pump reports a performance condition. Pump output verification is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Mess-Rückmeldekreis der Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\". Die Verifikation der Pumpenleistung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense feedback drifted from expected",
            "de": "Mess-Rückmeldung weicht vom Erwarteten ab"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CA4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor Signals Swapped A/B",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor Signale A/B vertauscht"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the particulate filter pressure sensor signals A and B are reversed - low-pressure side reads as high-pressure side and vice versa. Most likely a wiring swap during service.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass die Partikelfilter-Drucksensorsignale A und B vertauscht sind - die Niederdruckseite wird als Hochdruckseite gelesen und umgekehrt. Wahrscheinlich Verkabelungs-Vertauschung bei Service."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_a",
        "pf_pressure_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connectors A and B swapped during service",
            "de": "Sensorstecker A und B bei Service vertauscht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_install_wrong",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensors installed in wrong positions",
            "de": "Sensoren in falschen Positionen verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CA5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CA6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CA7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor E Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CA8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor E Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor E Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor e circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor E Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CA9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CAA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CAB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor F Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CAC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/DC Converter Temperature Sensor F Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor F Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the dc/dc converter temperature sensor f circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am DC/DC-Wandler Temperatursensor F Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_temp_sensor_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "dcdc_converter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CAD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump B reports a control circuit/open condition. CAC coolant loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Zirkulation im CAC-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in pump control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Pumpen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CAE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump B reports a control circuit low condition. CAC coolant loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Zirkulation im CAC-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in pump motor",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CAF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump B reports a control circuit high condition. CAC coolant loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Zirkulation im CAC-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open pump motor",
            "de": "Offener Pumpenmotor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CB0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump B Performance",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump B reports a performance condition. CAC coolant loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\". Die Zirkulation im CAC-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded with age",
            "de": "Pumpenförderleistung mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CB1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump B Overspeed/Air In System",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump B reports a overspeed/air in system condition. CAC coolant loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Überdrehzahl/Luft im System\". Die Zirkulation im CAC-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CB2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump B Underspeed",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump B reports a underspeed condition. CAC coolant loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Unterdrehzahl\". Die Zirkulation im CAC-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CB3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump B Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump B reports a stuck/stalled condition. CAC coolant loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Die Zirkulation im CAC-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed",
            "de": "Pumpenrad verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CB4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump B Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump B reports a supply voltage circuit condition. CAC coolant loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis\". Die Zirkulation im CAC-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CB5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump B Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Charge air cooler coolant pump B reports a control module overtemperature condition. CAC coolant loop circulation is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuermodul Übertemperatur\". Die Zirkulation im CAC-Kühlkreislauf ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Modul-Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CB6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost System Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksystem Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger boost system on the B branch does not deliver the expected boost pressure. Multiple components possible.",
        "de": "Das Ladedrucksystem auf dem B-Zweig liefert nicht den erwarteten Ladedruck. Mehrere Komponenten möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b",
        "wastegate_b",
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate calibration drifted",
            "de": "Wastegate-Kalibrierung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "leak_charge_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leak in charge air path",
            "de": "Leck im Ladeluft-Pfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CB7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Pressure B Not Detected – Mechanical",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck B nicht erkannt - Mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The boost pressure on branch B is not detected during operation. Mechanical fault — turbo seized, charge pipe disconnected, or wastegate fully open.",
        "de": "Der Ladedruck auf Zweig B wird im Betrieb nicht erkannt. Mechanischer Fehler — Turbo festsitzend, Ladeluftleitung abgezogen oder Wastegate vollständig offen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b",
        "wastegate_b",
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "turbo_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Turbocharger B seized",
            "de": "Turbolader B festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "charge_pipe_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge pipe disconnected",
            "de": "Ladeluftleitung abgezogen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CB8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Pressure B Too High – Mechanical",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedruck B zu hoch - Mechanisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The boost pressure on branch B exceeds the calibrated maximum. Mechanical fault — wastegate stuck closed or boost control valve jammed.",
        "de": "Der Ladedruck auf Zweig B überschreitet das kalibrierte Maximum. Mechanischer Fehler — Wastegate geschlossen festsitzend oder Ladedruck-Steuerventil verklemmt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_b",
        "wastegate_b",
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate stuck closed",
            "de": "Wastegate geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "control_valve_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost control valve jammed",
            "de": "Ladedruck-Steuerventil verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastegate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CB9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 2 Underspeed",
        "de": "Lüfter 2 Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 2 runs below the calibrated minimum speed for the commanded duty. Mechanical resistance high or motor weakened.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter 2 läuft unter der kalibrierten Mindestdrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Mechanischer Widerstand zu hoch oder geschwächter Motor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bearing_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor bearing worn",
            "de": "Lüftermotor-Lager verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CBA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 2 Overspeed",
        "de": "Lüfter 2 Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 2 exceeds the calibrated maximum speed. Indicates load lost (broken fan blade) or supply voltage above nominal.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter 2 überschreitet die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl. Deutet auf verlorene Last (gebrochenes Lüfterrad) oder zu hohe Versorgungsspannung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blade_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan blade broken or detached",
            "de": "Lüfterrad gebrochen oder abgelöst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CBB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 3 Underspeed",
        "de": "Lüfter 3 Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 3 runs below the calibrated minimum speed for the commanded duty. Mechanical resistance high or motor weakened.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter 3 läuft unter der kalibrierten Mindestdrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Mechanischer Widerstand zu hoch oder geschwächter Motor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bearing_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor bearing worn",
            "de": "Lüftermotor-Lager verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CBC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 3 Overspeed",
        "de": "Lüfter 3 Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cooling fan 3 exceeds the calibrated maximum speed. Indicates load lost (broken fan blade) or supply voltage above nominal.",
        "de": "Der Kühlerlüfter 3 überschreitet die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl. Deutet auf verlorene Last (gebrochenes Lüfterrad) oder zu hohe Versorgungsspannung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blade_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan blade broken or detached",
            "de": "Lüfterrad gebrochen oder abgelöst"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alternator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Überspannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CBD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Heater \"B\" Control Circuit /Open",
        "de": "PCV-Heizer \"B\" Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of PCV (positive crankcase ventilation) heater B reports a control circuit /open condition. PCV line heater prevents oil mist freezing in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des PCV-Heizers B (positive Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftung) meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der PCV-Leitungsheizer verhindert Vereisung der Ölnebel-Leitung bei Kälte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Heizungs-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CBE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Heater \"B\" Control Circuit High",
        "de": "PCV-Heizer \"B\" Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of PCV (positive crankcase ventilation) heater B reports a control circuit high condition. PCV line heater prevents oil mist freezing in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des PCV-Heizers B (positive Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftung) meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der PCV-Leitungsheizer verhindert Vereisung der Ölnebel-Leitung bei Kälte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CBF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Heater \"B\" Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "PCV-Heizer \"B\" Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of PCV (positive crankcase ventilation) heater B reports a control circuit low condition. PCV line heater prevents oil mist freezing in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des PCV-Heizers B (positive Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftung) meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der PCV-Leitungsheizer verhindert Vereisung der Ölnebel-Leitung bei Kälte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element shorted",
            "de": "Heizelement kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CC0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "PCV Heater \"B\" Performance",
        "de": "PCV-Heizer \"B\" Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of PCV (positive crankcase ventilation) heater B reports a performance condition. PCV line heater prevents oil mist freezing in cold weather.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des PCV-Heizers B (positive Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftung) meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\". Der PCV-Leitungsheizer verhindert Vereisung der Ölnebel-Leitung bei Kälte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pcv_heater_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged - low output",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert - geringe Leistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CC1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Voltage Sense Circuit B",
        "de": "Generator-Spannungsmessung Stromkreis B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage sense circuit B for the generator reports a circuit b condition. Generator output regulation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Spannungs-Mess-Stromkreis B des Generators meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis B\". Die Regelung des Generator-Ausgangs kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage sense circuit failed",
            "de": "Spannungs-Mess-Stromkreis defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CC2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Voltage Sense Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator-Spannungsmessung Stromkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage sense circuit B for the generator reports a circuit b range/performance condition. Generator output regulation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Spannungs-Mess-Stromkreis B des Generators meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis B Bereich/Leistung\". Die Regelung des Generator-Ausgangs kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sense_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage sense drift outside calibration",
            "de": "Spannungs-Mess-Drift außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CC3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Voltage Sense Circuit B Low",
        "de": "Generator-Spannungsmessung Stromkreis B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage sense circuit B for the generator reports a circuit b low condition. Generator output regulation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Spannungs-Mess-Stromkreis B des Generators meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis B niedrig\". Die Regelung des Generator-Ausgangs kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in sense wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Mess-Leitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CC4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Voltage Sense Circuit B High",
        "de": "Generator-Spannungsmessung Stromkreis B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage sense circuit B for the generator reports a circuit b high condition. Generator output regulation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Spannungs-Mess-Stromkreis B des Generators meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis B hoch\". Die Regelung des Generator-Ausgangs kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Generator regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Regler überschwingt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CC5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Power Supply B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Versorgung B Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power supply circuit B for the generator inverter reports a circuit/open condition. Inverter operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis B des Generator-Wechselrichters meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Der Wechselrichter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in supply wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CC6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Power Supply B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Versorgung B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power supply circuit B for the generator inverter reports a circuit low condition. Inverter operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis B des Generator-Wechselrichters meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der Wechselrichter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "voltage_collapse",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply rail collapses under load",
            "de": "Versorgungspfad bricht unter Last zusammen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CC7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator Inverter Power Supply B Circuit High",
        "de": "Generator-Wechselrichter Versorgung B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The power supply circuit B for the generator inverter reports a circuit high condition. Inverter operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsstromkreis B des Generator-Wechselrichters meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der Wechselrichter-Betrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_inverter_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Spannungsregler überschwingt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CC8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump Speed Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the coolant pump speed sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Kühlmittelpumpen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_speed_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CC9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump Speed Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpen-Drehzahlsensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the coolant pump speed sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Kühlmittelpumpen-Drehzahlsensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_speed_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CCA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump Speed Sensor Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the coolant pump speed sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Kühlmittelpumpen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_speed_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CCB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump Speed Sensor Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the coolant pump speed sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Kühlmittelpumpen-Drehzahlsensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_speed_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CCC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack G Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket G Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects accelerated deterioration in battery pack subsection G. Cell voltage delta, internal resistance, or capacity has dropped below threshold for the affected sub-pack.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine beschleunigte Verschlechterung im Batteriepaket-Abschnitt G. Zellspannungs-Delta, Innenwiderstand oder Kapazität liegen für den betroffenen Sub-Pack unter der Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_g",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged beyond compensation",
            "de": "Zellen jenseits der Kompensation gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal stress shortened cell life",
            "de": "Thermische Belastung verkürzte Zelllebensdauer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CCD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack H Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket H Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects accelerated deterioration in battery pack subsection H. Cell voltage delta, internal resistance, or capacity has dropped below threshold for the affected sub-pack.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine beschleunigte Verschlechterung im Batteriepaket-Abschnitt H. Zellspannungs-Delta, Innenwiderstand oder Kapazität liegen für den betroffenen Sub-Pack unter der Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_h",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged beyond compensation",
            "de": "Zellen jenseits der Kompensation gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal stress shortened cell life",
            "de": "Thermische Belastung verkürzte Zelllebensdauer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CCE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack I Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket I Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects accelerated deterioration in battery pack subsection I. Cell voltage delta, internal resistance, or capacity has dropped below threshold for the affected sub-pack.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine beschleunigte Verschlechterung im Batteriepaket-Abschnitt I. Zellspannungs-Delta, Innenwiderstand oder Kapazität liegen für den betroffenen Sub-Pack unter der Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_i",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged beyond compensation",
            "de": "Zellen jenseits der Kompensation gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal stress shortened cell life",
            "de": "Thermische Belastung verkürzte Zelllebensdauer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CCF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack J Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket J Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects accelerated deterioration in battery pack subsection J. Cell voltage delta, internal resistance, or capacity has dropped below threshold for the affected sub-pack.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine beschleunigte Verschlechterung im Batteriepaket-Abschnitt J. Zellspannungs-Delta, Innenwiderstand oder Kapazität liegen für den betroffenen Sub-Pack unter der Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_j",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged beyond compensation",
            "de": "Zellen jenseits der Kompensation gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal stress shortened cell life",
            "de": "Thermische Belastung verkürzte Zelllebensdauer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CD0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack K Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket K Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects accelerated deterioration in battery pack subsection K. Cell voltage delta, internal resistance, or capacity has dropped below threshold for the affected sub-pack.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine beschleunigte Verschlechterung im Batteriepaket-Abschnitt K. Zellspannungs-Delta, Innenwiderstand oder Kapazität liegen für den betroffenen Sub-Pack unter der Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_k",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged beyond compensation",
            "de": "Zellen jenseits der Kompensation gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal stress shortened cell life",
            "de": "Thermische Belastung verkürzte Zelllebensdauer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CD1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack L Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket L Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects accelerated deterioration in battery pack subsection L. Cell voltage delta, internal resistance, or capacity has dropped below threshold for the affected sub-pack.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine beschleunigte Verschlechterung im Batteriepaket-Abschnitt L. Zellspannungs-Delta, Innenwiderstand oder Kapazität liegen für den betroffenen Sub-Pack unter der Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_l",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged beyond compensation",
            "de": "Zellen jenseits der Kompensation gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal stress shortened cell life",
            "de": "Thermische Belastung verkürzte Zelllebensdauer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CD2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack M Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket M Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects accelerated deterioration in battery pack subsection M. Cell voltage delta, internal resistance, or capacity has dropped below threshold for the affected sub-pack.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine beschleunigte Verschlechterung im Batteriepaket-Abschnitt M. Zellspannungs-Delta, Innenwiderstand oder Kapazität liegen für den betroffenen Sub-Pack unter der Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_m",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged beyond compensation",
            "de": "Zellen jenseits der Kompensation gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal stress shortened cell life",
            "de": "Thermische Belastung verkürzte Zelllebensdauer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CD3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack N Deterioration",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket N Verschlechterung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects accelerated deterioration in battery pack subsection N. Cell voltage delta, internal resistance, or capacity has dropped below threshold for the affected sub-pack.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine beschleunigte Verschlechterung im Batteriepaket-Abschnitt N. Zellspannungs-Delta, Innenwiderstand oder Kapazität liegen für den betroffenen Sub-Pack unter der Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_n",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged beyond compensation",
            "de": "Zellen jenseits der Kompensation gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal stress shortened cell life",
            "de": "Thermische Belastung verkürzte Zelllebensdauer"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CD4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Klimakältemittel-Drucksensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of A/C refrigerant pressure sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor drifts or installation offset between the two channels.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Klimakältemittel-Drucksensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensor driftet oder es liegt ein Einbauversatz zwischen den beiden Kanälen vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_pressure_sensor_a",
        "ac_refrigerant_pressure_sensor_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelung zwischen Kanälen vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CD5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve C Stuck",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Bypass-Ventil C festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger/supercharger bypass valve C is mechanically stuck. Boost recirculation on this branch cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Das Turbolader/Kompressor-Bypass-Ventil C ist mechanisch festsitzend. Die Ladeluft-Rezirkulation auf diesem Zweig kann nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass valve mechanically seized",
            "de": "Bypass-Ventil mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_deposits",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits jam the valve",
            "de": "Kohlenstoffablagerungen blockieren das Ventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CD6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor D Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the turbocharger/supercharger boost sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_boost_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost_controller"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CD7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor D Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor D Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the turbocharger/supercharger boost sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_boost_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost_controller"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CD8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor D Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the turbocharger/supercharger boost sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_boost_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost_controller"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CD9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor D Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the turbocharger/supercharger boost sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Turbolader/Kompressor Ladedrucksensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_boost_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost_controller"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CDA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Tank A Vacuum Insulation Deteriorated",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank A Vakuumisolierung verschlechtert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The AFCM detects that the vacuum insulation of alternative fuel tank A has lost effectiveness. Common in cryogenic LNG tanks where loss of vacuum increases boil-off rate.",
        "de": "Das AFCM erkennt, dass die Vakuumisolierung des Alternativkraftstoff-Tanks A an Wirksamkeit verloren hat. Bei kryogenen LNG-Tanks verbreitet - Vakuumverlust erhöht die Verdampfungs-Rate."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_tank_a",
        "alt_fuel_tank_a_insulation"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_loss",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum loss in tank double-wall",
            "de": "Vakuumverlust in der doppelwandigen Tankhülle"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "insulation_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Insulation material aged",
            "de": "Isoliermaterial gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CDB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 1 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 1 Deaktivierung/Einlassventil-Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the cylinder 1 deactivation or intake valve control does not respond as expected. Cold oil viscosity, lifter slow to actuate, or solenoid response sluggish.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart reagiert die Zylinder-1-Deaktivierung oder Einlassventil-Steuerung nicht wie erwartet. Kalt-Ölviskosität, langsame Hydrostössel-Reaktion oder träges Solenoid."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid_cyl_1",
        "intake_valve_actuator",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_viscosity_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold oil viscosity too high",
            "de": "Kalt-Ölviskosität zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Solenoid-Reaktion bei Kälte träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CDC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 2 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 2 Deaktivierung/Einlassventil-Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the cylinder 2 deactivation or intake valve control does not respond as expected. Cold oil viscosity, lifter slow to actuate, or solenoid response sluggish.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart reagiert die Zylinder-2-Deaktivierung oder Einlassventil-Steuerung nicht wie erwartet. Kalt-Ölviskosität, langsame Hydrostössel-Reaktion oder träges Solenoid."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid_cyl_2",
        "intake_valve_actuator",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_viscosity_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold oil viscosity too high",
            "de": "Kalt-Ölviskosität zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Solenoid-Reaktion bei Kälte träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CDD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 3 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 3 Deaktivierung/Einlassventil-Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the cylinder 3 deactivation or intake valve control does not respond as expected. Cold oil viscosity, lifter slow to actuate, or solenoid response sluggish.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart reagiert die Zylinder-3-Deaktivierung oder Einlassventil-Steuerung nicht wie erwartet. Kalt-Ölviskosität, langsame Hydrostössel-Reaktion oder träges Solenoid."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid_cyl_3",
        "intake_valve_actuator",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_viscosity_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold oil viscosity too high",
            "de": "Kalt-Ölviskosität zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Solenoid-Reaktion bei Kälte träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CDE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 4 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 4 Deaktivierung/Einlassventil-Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the cylinder 4 deactivation or intake valve control does not respond as expected. Cold oil viscosity, lifter slow to actuate, or solenoid response sluggish.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart reagiert die Zylinder-4-Deaktivierung oder Einlassventil-Steuerung nicht wie erwartet. Kalt-Ölviskosität, langsame Hydrostössel-Reaktion oder träges Solenoid."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid_cyl_4",
        "intake_valve_actuator",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_viscosity_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold oil viscosity too high",
            "de": "Kalt-Ölviskosität zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Solenoid-Reaktion bei Kälte träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CDF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 5 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 5 Deaktivierung/Einlassventil-Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the cylinder 5 deactivation or intake valve control does not respond as expected. Cold oil viscosity, lifter slow to actuate, or solenoid response sluggish.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart reagiert die Zylinder-5-Deaktivierung oder Einlassventil-Steuerung nicht wie erwartet. Kalt-Ölviskosität, langsame Hydrostössel-Reaktion oder träges Solenoid."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid_cyl_5",
        "intake_valve_actuator",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_viscosity_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold oil viscosity too high",
            "de": "Kalt-Ölviskosität zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Solenoid-Reaktion bei Kälte träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CE0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Cylinder 6 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Zylinder 6 Deaktivierung/Einlassventil-Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the cylinder 6 deactivation or intake valve control does not respond as expected. Cold oil viscosity, lifter slow to actuate, or solenoid response sluggish.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart reagiert die Zylinder-6-Deaktivierung oder Einlassventil-Steuerung nicht wie erwartet. Kalt-Ölviskosität, langsame Hydrostössel-Reaktion oder träges Solenoid."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid_cyl_6",
        "intake_valve_actuator",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_viscosity_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold oil viscosity too high",
            "de": "Kalt-Ölviskosität zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Solenoid-Reaktion bei Kälte träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CE1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater C Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Ansauglufterhitzer C Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of intake air heater C reports a circuit/open condition. Cold-start preheating cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Ansauglufterhitzers C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Kaltstart-Vorwärmung kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in heater control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Heizungs-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CE2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Ansauglufterhitzer C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of intake air heater C reports a circuit range/performance condition. Cold-start preheating cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Ansauglufterhitzers C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Kaltstart-Vorwärmung kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged - low output",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert - geringe Leistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CE3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Ansauglufterhitzer C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of intake air heater C reports a circuit low condition. Cold-start preheating cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Ansauglufterhitzers C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Kaltstart-Vorwärmung kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element shorted",
            "de": "Heizelement kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CE4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Air Heater C Circuit High",
        "de": "Ansauglufterhitzer C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of intake air heater C reports a circuit high condition. Cold-start preheating cannot be commanded as expected.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Ansauglufterhitzers C meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Kaltstart-Vorwärmung kann nicht wie erwartet angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_air_heater_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "element_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open heater element",
            "de": "Offenes Heizelement"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CE5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the particulate filter pressure sensor c. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CE6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor C Range/Performance",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the particulate filter pressure sensor c. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CE7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the particulate filter pressure sensor c. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CE8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the particulate filter pressure sensor c. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CE9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the particulate filter pressure sensor c. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CEA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor D Circuit",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the particulate filter pressure sensor d. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CEB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor D Range/Performance",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the particulate filter pressure sensor d. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CEC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor D Circuit Low",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the particulate filter pressure sensor d. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor D Circuit High",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the particulate filter pressure sensor d. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CEE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor D Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the particulate filter pressure sensor d. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pf_pressure_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CEF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Thermostat A Stuck Open",
        "de": "Auxiliär-Thermostat A offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary thermostat A is stuck open. Coolant flow bypasses the thermal regulation, leading to slow warm-up and reduced engine efficiency.",
        "de": "Der Auxiliär-Thermostat A sitzt offen festsitzend. Der Kühlmittelfluss umgeht die Thermoregelung, was zu langsamem Warmlauf und reduzierter Effizienz führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_thermostat_a",
        "engine_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat element failed",
            "de": "Thermostat-Element defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wax_pellet_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wax pellet aged - element non-responsive",
            "de": "Wachselement gealtert - reagiert nicht mehr"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CF0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Thermostat A Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Auxiliär-Thermostat A geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary thermostat A is stuck closed. Coolant cannot flow through the affected branch, risking overheating in the bypassed path.",
        "de": "Der Auxiliär-Thermostat A sitzt geschlossen festsitzend. Kühlmittel kann nicht durch den betroffenen Zweig fließen, was im umgangenen Pfad eine Überhitzung riskiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_thermostat_a",
        "engine_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat element failed",
            "de": "Thermostat-Element defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wax_pellet_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wax pellet aged - element non-responsive",
            "de": "Wachselement gealtert - reagiert nicht mehr"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CF1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Thermostat B Stuck Open",
        "de": "Auxiliär-Thermostat B offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary thermostat B is stuck open. Coolant flow bypasses the thermal regulation, leading to slow warm-up and reduced engine efficiency.",
        "de": "Der Auxiliär-Thermostat B sitzt offen festsitzend. Der Kühlmittelfluss umgeht die Thermoregelung, was zu langsamem Warmlauf und reduzierter Effizienz führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_thermostat_b",
        "engine_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat element failed",
            "de": "Thermostat-Element defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wax_pellet_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wax pellet aged - element non-responsive",
            "de": "Wachselement gealtert - reagiert nicht mehr"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CF2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Auxiliary Thermostat B Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Auxiliär-Thermostat B geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary thermostat B is stuck closed. Coolant cannot flow through the affected branch, risking overheating in the bypassed path.",
        "de": "Der Auxiliär-Thermostat B sitzt geschlossen festsitzend. Kühlmittel kann nicht durch den betroffenen Zweig fließen, was im umgangenen Pfad eine Überhitzung riskiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_thermostat_b",
        "engine_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "thermostat_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermostat element failed",
            "de": "Thermostat-Element defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wax_pellet_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wax pellet aged - element non-responsive",
            "de": "Wachselement gealtert - reagiert nicht mehr"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CF3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A Underspeed",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump A runs below the calibrated minimum speed for the commanded duty. Mechanical resistance high, supply voltage low, or pump aged.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe A läuft unter der kalibrierten Mindestdrehzahl bei der angeforderten Ansteuerung. Mechanischer Widerstand zu hoch, Versorgungsspannung zu niedrig oder Pumpe gealtert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_pump_a",
        "battery_pack_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased (binding)",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht (klemmend)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CF4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump B Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump B reports a supply voltage circuit condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_pump_b",
        "battery_pack_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CF5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump B Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump B reports a stuck/stalled condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_pump_b",
        "battery_pack_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed",
            "de": "Pumpenrad verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CF6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump B Overspeed /Air in System",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B Überdrehzahl /Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump B reports a overspeed /air in system condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Überdrehzahl /Luft im System\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_pump_b",
        "battery_pack_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CF7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump B Underspeed",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack coolant pump B reports a underspeed condition. Battery thermal management may be impaired.",
        "de": "Die HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Unterdrehzahl\". Das Thermomanagement der Batterie kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_pump_b",
        "battery_pack_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CF8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve D Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D Steuerendstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the engine coolant bypass valve D actuator reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold. Stalled actuator or short to ground.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Aktuators des Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils D meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Festsitzender Aktuator oder Kurzschluss nach Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_d",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bypass actuator mechanically jammed",
            "de": "Bypass-Aktuator mechanisch verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CF9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Belt Integrated Starter Generator Belt Tensioner Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Riemenintegrierter Starter-Generator Riemenspanner Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the belt-integrated starter/generator (BISG) belt tensioner reports a control circuit/open condition. Belt tension cannot be modulated for assist/regen modes.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Riemenspanners des riemenintegrierten Starter/Generators (BISG) meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Riemenspannung kann nicht für Boost-/Regen-Modi moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bisg_belt_tensioner",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in tensioner control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spanner-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open tensioner actuator",
            "de": "Offener Spanner-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_starter_generator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CFA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Belt Integrated Starter Generator Belt Tensioner Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Riemenintegrierter Starter-Generator Riemenspanner Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the belt-integrated starter/generator (BISG) belt tensioner reports a control circuit low condition. Belt tension cannot be modulated for assist/regen modes.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Riemenspanners des riemenintegrierten Starter/Generators (BISG) meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Riemenspannung kann nicht für Boost-/Regen-Modi moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bisg_belt_tensioner",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_starter_generator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CFB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Belt Integrated Starter Generator Belt Tensioner Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Riemenintegrierter Starter-Generator Riemenspanner Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the belt-integrated starter/generator (BISG) belt tensioner reports a control circuit high condition. Belt tension cannot be modulated for assist/regen modes.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Riemenspanners des riemenintegrierten Starter/Generators (BISG) meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Riemenspannung kann nicht für Boost-/Regen-Modi moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bisg_belt_tensioner",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open tensioner actuator",
            "de": "Offener Spanner-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_starter_generator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CFC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Clutch Control Circuit",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Kupplung Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor clutch control circuit reports a control circuit condition. Clutch engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Klimakompressor-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis\". Die Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_clutch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clutch_coil_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch coil fault",
            "de": "Kupplungsspulen-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CFD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Clutch Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Kupplung Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor clutch control circuit reports a control circuit low condition. Clutch engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Klimakompressor-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_clutch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch coil shorted",
            "de": "Kupplungsspule kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CFE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Clutch Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Kupplung Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor clutch control circuit reports a control circuit high condition. Clutch engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Klimakompressor-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_clutch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open clutch coil",
            "de": "Offene Kupplungsspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2CFF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Clutch Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Kupplung Steuerendstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The A/C compressor clutch control circuit reports a control circuit driver current/temperature too high condition. Clutch engagement cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der Klimakompressor-Kupplung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerendstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch\". Die Kupplungs-Einrückung kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_clutch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "stall_current",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil draws excessive current",
            "de": "Spule zieht Überstrom"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Under-bonnet temperature too high",
            "de": "Motorraumtemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D00",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump A Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump A reports a stuck/stalled condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed",
            "de": "Pumpenrad verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D01",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump A Overspeed/Air in System",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump A reports a overspeed/air in system condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Überdrehzahl/Luft im System\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D02",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump A Underspeed",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump A reports a underspeed condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Unterdrehzahl\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D03",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump A Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump A reports a supply voltage circuit condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D04",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump A Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump A reports a control module overtemperature condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A meldet einen Zustand \"Steuermodul Übertemperatur\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Modul-Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D05",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump B reports a stuck/stalled condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed",
            "de": "Pumpenrad verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D06",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B Overspeed/Air in System",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump B reports a overspeed/air in system condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Überdrehzahl/Luft im System\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D07",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B Underspeed",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump B reports a underspeed condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Unterdrehzahl\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D08",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump B reports a supply voltage circuit condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D09",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump B reports a control module overtemperature condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuermodul Übertemperatur\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Modul-Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D0A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump C Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump C reports a stuck/stalled condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "impeller_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller jammed",
            "de": "Pumpenrad verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Motor seized",
            "de": "Motor festsitzend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D0B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump C Overspeed/Air in System",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump C reports a overspeed/air in system condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C meldet einen Zustand \"Überdrehzahl/Luft im System\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D0C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump C Underspeed",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump C reports a underspeed condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C meldet einen Zustand \"Unterdrehzahl\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical load increased",
            "de": "Mechanische Last erhöht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low under load",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung unter Last zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D0D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump C Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump C reports a supply voltage circuit condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D0E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Motor Electronics Coolant Pump C Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Motor electronics coolant pump C reports a control module overtemperature condition. Power electronics cooling is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuermodul Übertemperatur\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Modul-Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D0F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Pre-Ignition Above Threshold",
        "de": "Motor-Vorzündung über Schwelle"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects pre-ignition events (combustion before spark) above the calibrated threshold. Risk of severe engine damage from uncontrolled combustion peaks.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt Vorzündungs-Ereignisse (Verbrennung vor dem Zündfunken) oberhalb der kalibrierten Schwelle. Risiko schwerer Motorschäden durch unkontrollierte Verbrennungsspitzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plugs",
        "fuel_system",
        "knock_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_octane_fuel",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-octane fuel at high load",
            "de": "Niedrigoktaniger Kraftstoff bei hoher Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_hot_spots",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits glow as hot spots",
            "de": "Kohlenstoffablagerungen glühen als Heißpunkte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-ignition"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D10",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Pre-Ignition Above Threshold - Forced Limited Power",
        "de": "Motor-Vorzündung über Schwelle - Erzwungene Leistungsbegrenzung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Pre-ignition events exceed a critical threshold. The ECM forces limited engine power to protect pistons, rings, and connecting rods from further damage.",
        "de": "Vorzündungs-Ereignisse überschreiten eine kritische Schwelle. Das Steuergerät erzwingt eine begrenzte Motorleistung, um Kolben, Ringe und Pleuel vor weiteren Schäden zu schützen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "spark_plugs",
        "fuel_system",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_octane_high_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low-octane fuel under sustained high load",
            "de": "Niedrigoktaniger Kraftstoff unter anhaltend hoher Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "carbon_hot_spots",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon deposits glow as hot spots",
            "de": "Kohlenstoffablagerungen glühen als Heißpunkte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-ignition"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D11",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve A Position Not Learned",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil A Position nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM has not learned the end-stop calibration for exhaust flow control valve A. Position cannot be commanded with full precision until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät hat die Endanschlag-Kalibrierung des Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventils A nicht angelernt. Die Position kann erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption präzise angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_a",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or ECM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder ECM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Ventil ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D12",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve B Position Not Learned",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil B Position nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM has not learned the end-stop calibration for exhaust flow control valve B. Position cannot be commanded with full precision until adaptation completes.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät hat die Endanschlag-Kalibrierung des Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventils B nicht angelernt. Die Position kann erst nach abgeschlossener Adaption präzise angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect or ECM reset",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung oder ECM-Reset verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Ventil ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D13",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve C reports a control circuit/open condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in actuator control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktuator-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D14",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve C reports a control circuit low condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in actuator coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D15",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve C reports a control circuit high condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open actuator coil",
            "de": "Offene Aktuatorspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D16",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve C Control Performance",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C Steuerung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve C reports a control performance condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerung Verhalten\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response slower than calibrated",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion langsamer als kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_friction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in valve linkage",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung im Ventil-Gestänge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D17",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve C Position Circuit",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C Positions-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve C reports a position circuit condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D18",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve C Position Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve C reports a position circuit range/performance condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage between sensor and valve loose",
            "de": "Gestänge zwischen Sensor und Ventil lose"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D19",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve C Position Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C Positions-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve C reports a position circuit low condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D1A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve C Position Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C Positions-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve C reports a position circuit high condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Positions-Stromkreis hoch\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open position sensor",
            "de": "Offener Positionssensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D1B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Flow Control Valve C Position Not Learned",
        "de": "Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C Position nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust flow control valve C reports a position not learned condition. Exhaust routing for back-pressure or noise control on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Abgas-Volumenstrom-Steuerventil C meldet einen Zustand \"Position nicht angelernt\". Die Abgasführung für Gegendruck- oder Geräusch-Steuerung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_flow_control_valve_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "valve_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Ventil ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D1C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start EGR A/B Ratio Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart-AGR A/B-Verhältnis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the ratio between EGR channel A and B flow does not match the calibrated cold-start strategy. One channel responds slower or sticks at low temperature.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart entspricht das Verhältnis zwischen AGR-Kanal A und B nicht der kalibrierten Kaltstart-Strategie. Ein Kanal reagiert bei Kälte langsamer oder bleibt hängen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_valve_a",
        "egr_valve_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One EGR valve sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Ein AGR-Ventil bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "passages_clogged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Carbon-clogged passages on one channel",
            "de": "Verkokte Kanäle auf einem Pfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D1D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant System Leak Detected – Small Leak",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-System Leck erkannt - Kleines Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR module detects a small leak in the reductant system based on pressure decay rate after dosing pause. Slow loss of DEF/AdBlue.",
        "de": "Das SCR-Modul erkennt ein kleines Leck im Reduktionsmittel-System anhand der Druckabbau-Rate nach Dosier-Pause. Langsamer Verlust von DEF/AdBlue."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_lines",
        "reductant_injector",
        "reductant_pump",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fitting_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fitting or connection loose",
            "de": "Verschraubung oder Verbindung gelockert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seal_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seal aged at injector or pump",
            "de": "Dichtung an Injektor oder Pumpe gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D1E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant System Leak Detected – Large Leak",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-System Leck erkannt - Grosses Leck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR module detects a large leak in the reductant system. Pressure cannot be maintained for dosing operations.",
        "de": "Das SCR-Modul erkennt ein grosses Leck im Reduktionsmittel-System. Der Druck kann für Dosier-Operationen nicht gehalten werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_lines",
        "reductant_injector",
        "reductant_pump",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "line_disconnected",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant supply line disconnected or split",
            "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Zuleitung getrennt oder gerissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tank_seal_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tank seal failed",
            "de": "Tankdichtung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D1F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant System Flow – Restricted",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-System Volumenstrom - Eingeengt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR module detects restricted flow in the reductant system. Pressure rises above expected for the commanded dosing rate.",
        "de": "Das SCR-Modul erkennt eingeengten Volumenstrom im Reduktionsmittel-System. Der Druck steigt über das für die angeforderte Dosier-Rate Erwartete."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_lines",
        "reductant_injector",
        "reductant_pump",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "filter_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant filter clogged",
            "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Filter verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "line_kinked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply line kinked",
            "de": "Zuleitung geknickt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D20",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant System Flow – Blocked",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-System Volumenstrom - Blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The SCR module detects fully blocked flow in the reductant system. No reductant reaches the injector despite commanded dosing.",
        "de": "Das SCR-Modul erkennt vollständig blockierten Volumenstrom im Reduktionsmittel-System. Trotz angeforderter Dosierung erreicht kein Reduktionsmittel den Injektor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_lines",
        "reductant_injector",
        "reductant_pump",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant injector clogged",
            "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Injektor verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "frozen_reductant",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Frozen reductant in cold weather",
            "de": "Gefrorenes Reduktionsmittel bei Kälte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D21",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Interstage Pressure Sensor A Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader Zwischenstufen-Drucksensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the turbocharger interstage pressure sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Turbolader Zwischenstufen-Drucksensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_interstage_pressure_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D22",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Interstage Pressure Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader Zwischenstufen-Drucksensor A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the turbocharger interstage pressure sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Turbolader Zwischenstufen-Drucksensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_interstage_pressure_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D23",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Interstage Pressure Sensor A Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader Zwischenstufen-Drucksensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the turbocharger interstage pressure sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Turbolader Zwischenstufen-Drucksensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_interstage_pressure_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D24",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Interstage Pressure Sensor A Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader Zwischenstufen-Drucksensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the turbocharger interstage pressure sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Turbolader Zwischenstufen-Drucksensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_interstage_pressure_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D25",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Interstage Pressure Sensor A Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Turbolader Zwischenstufen-Drucksensor A Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the turbocharger interstage pressure sensor a circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Turbolader Zwischenstufen-Drucksensor A Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_interstage_pressure_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D26",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump E Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe E Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump E is commanded on but does not respond as expected. Pump motor stuck, relay weld, or driver fault.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe E wird angesteuert, reagiert aber nicht wie erwartet. Pumpenmotor festsitzend, verschweißtes Relais oder Endstufenfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver fault",
            "de": "Endstufen-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D27",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump F Control Circuit Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe F Steuerkreis Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump F is commanded on but does not respond as expected. Pump motor stuck, relay weld, or driver fault.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe F wird angesteuert, reagiert aber nicht wie erwartet. Pumpenmotor festsitzend, verschweißtes Relais oder Endstufenfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_f",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver fault",
            "de": "Endstufen-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D28",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Propulsion Torque Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Antriebsmoment Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the propulsion torque output does not match the calibrated cold-start torque profile. Cold engine response, hybrid blend, or torque modelling deviates from expected.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart entspricht das Antriebsmoment nicht dem kalibrierten Kaltstart-Drehmoment-Profil. Kaltmotor-Reaktion, Hybrid-Mischung oder Drehmoment-Modellierung weicht vom erwarteten Verlauf ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm",
        "engine",
        "hybrid_drivetrain"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cold_engine_drag",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased cold-engine drag torque",
            "de": "Erhöhtes Kaltmotor-Schlepp-Moment"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hybrid_blend_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hybrid blend strategy off-target",
            "de": "Hybrid-Mischstrategie versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D29",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Stalled",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric A/C compressor motor is stalled. High mechanical resistance, internal seizure, or refrigerant overpressure prevents rotation.",
        "de": "Der elektrische Klimakompressor-Motor ist blockiert. Hoher mechanischer Widerstand, interner Festsitz oder Kältemittel-Überdruck verhindern die Rotation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "compressor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compressor mechanically seized",
            "de": "Kompressor mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "refrigerant_overpressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Refrigerant overpressure stalls compressor",
            "de": "Kältemittel-Überdruck blockiert Kompressor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D2A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the hybrid electronics coolant temperature sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor drifts or installation offset between channels.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Hybrid-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensor driftet oder es liegt ein Einbauversatz zwischen den Kanälen vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelung zwischen Kanälen vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D2B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the HV battery pack coolant temperature sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor drifts or installation offset between channels.",
        "de": "Die Signale der HV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensor driftet oder es liegt ein Einbauversatz zwischen den Kanälen vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelung zwischen Kanälen vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D2C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Temperature Measurement System - Multiple Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Messsystem - Mehrfach-Sensor-Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of multiple engine coolant temperature sensors do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor drifts or installation offset between channels.",
        "de": "Die Signale mehrerer Motorkühlmitteltemperatur-Sensoren korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensor driftet oder es liegt ein Einbauversatz zwischen den Kanälen vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_1",
        "engine_coolant_temperature_sensor_2",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelung zwischen Kanälen vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D2D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Intake Manifold Runner Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Kaltstart Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Verhalten Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the intake manifold runner control on bank 1 does not produce the expected tumble/swirl effect. Linkage stiff, actuator sluggish, or runner alignment off.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erzeugt die Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Steuerung auf Bank 1 nicht den erwarteten Tumble/Swirl-Effekt. Steifes Gestänge, träger Aktuator oder fehlerhafte Klappen-Justage."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator_b1",
        "intake_manifold_runners"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage iced or stiff",
            "de": "Gestänge vereist oder schwergängig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D2E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Intake Manifold Runner Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Kaltstart Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Verhalten Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the intake manifold runner control on bank 2 does not produce the expected tumble/swirl effect. Linkage stiff, actuator sluggish, or runner alignment off.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart erzeugt die Saugrohr-Drallklappen-Steuerung auf Bank 2 nicht den erwarteten Tumble/Swirl-Effekt. Steifes Gestänge, träger Aktuator oder fehlerhafte Klappen-Justage."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "imrc_actuator_b2",
        "intake_manifold_runners"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage iced or stiff",
            "de": "Gestänge vereist oder schwergängig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D2F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Turbocharger/Supercharger A Underboost",
        "de": "Kaltstart Turbolader/Kompressor A Unterladedruck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, turbocharger/supercharger A does not produce the expected boost pressure. Cold lubricant, lazy wastegate, or turbine spool-up delayed.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liefert Turbolader/Kompressor A nicht den erwarteten Ladedruck. Kaltes Schmiermittel, träges Wastegate oder verzögerter Turbinen-Hochlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_a",
        "wastegate_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lubricant_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold lubricant slows turbine spool-up",
            "de": "Kaltes Schmiermittel verzögert Turbinen-Hochlauf"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wastegate_lazy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate response sluggish",
            "de": "Wastegate reagiert träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D30",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Turbocharger/Supercharger A Overboost",
        "de": "Kaltstart Turbolader/Kompressor A Überladedruck"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, turbocharger/supercharger A produces boost pressure above the cold-start target. Wastegate sticking closed or boost control overshoot.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liefert Turbolader/Kompressor A einen Ladedruck über dem Kaltstart-Sollwert. Wastegate schliesst hängend oder Ladedruck-Regelung überschwingt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbocharger_a",
        "wastegate_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wastegate_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wastegate sticking closed at cold",
            "de": "Wastegate bei Kälte geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "boost_control_overshoot",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Boost control overshoot at cold",
            "de": "Ladedruckregelung überschwingt bei Kälte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D31",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Exceeded Learning Limit Bank 1",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Ventil Lerngrenze überschritten Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The required adaptation offset for the intake manifold tuning valve on bank 1 exceeds the calibrated learning window. Mechanism wear or sensor drift beyond compensation.",
        "de": "Der für das Saugrohr-Tuning-Ventil auf Bank 1 erforderliche Adaptionsversatz überschreitet das kalibrierte Lernfenster. Mechanik-Verschleiß oder Sensordrift jenseits der Kompensation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_tuning_valve_b1",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanism worn at end-stops",
            "de": "Mechanik an den Endanschlägen verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor reference drifted",
            "de": "Positionssensor-Referenz driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D32",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Manifold Tuning Valve Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High Bank 1",
        "de": "Saugrohr-Tuning-Ventil Steuerendstufe Strom/Temperatur zu hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output driver for the intake manifold tuning valve actuator on bank 1 reports current or junction temperature above its protection threshold.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe des Aktuators des Saugrohr-Tuning-Ventils auf Bank 1 meldet Strom oder Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_manifold_tuning_valve_b1",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_jammed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Tuning valve actuator jammed",
            "de": "Tuning-Ventil-Aktuator verklemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D33",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charger Control Module Processor Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Induktivlader Steuermodul-Prozessor Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery inductive charger control module reports a processor performance fault. Internal self-tests fail or response time outside calibration.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul des Hybrid-Batterie-Induktivladers meldet einen Prozessor-Verhaltens-Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die Reaktionszeit liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_inductive_charger",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal control module fault",
            "de": "Interner Steuermodulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "firmware_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Firmware corruption after voltage drop",
            "de": "Firmware nach Spannungseinbruch beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D34",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charger Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Induktivlader Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery inductive charger control circuit reports a range/performance condition. Charger response or feedback outside calibration.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Hybrid-Batterie-Induktivladers meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Zustand. Lader-Reaktion oder Rückmeldung außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_inductive_charger",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback signal drifted",
            "de": "Rückmeldesignal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alignment_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pad alignment offset from optimal",
            "de": "Pad-Ausrichtung vom Optimum versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D35",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charging System High Voltage Interlock Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Induktivlader Lade-System HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage interlock circuit of the inductive charging system reports a performance condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Induktivlade-Systems meldet einen Verhaltens-Zustand. Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette ist möglicherweise beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_inductive_charger",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "interlock_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock signal interrupted",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Signal unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock connector not seated",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D36",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charger Output Voltage Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Induktivlader Lader-Ausgangsspannung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The output voltage of the inductive charger does not match the commanded value within tolerance. Air-gap variation, load mismatch, or coil aging.",
        "de": "Die Ausgangsspannung des Induktivladers stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein. Luftspalt-Variation, Last-Fehlanpassung oder gealterte Spule."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_inductive_charger",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_gap_variation",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air gap between pads varies",
            "de": "Luftspalt zwischen Pads variiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charger coil aged",
            "de": "Lader-Spule gealtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D37",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charger Input Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Induktivlader Lader-Eingangsstromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The input circuit of the inductive charger reports a range/performance condition. Mains input power outside calibration or rectifier drift.",
        "de": "Der Eingangsstromkreis des Induktivladers meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Zustand. Netz-Eingangsleistung außerhalb der Kalibrierung oder Gleichrichter-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_inductive_charger",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mains_voltage_off",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mains voltage outside spec",
            "de": "Netzspannung außerhalb der Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rectifier_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rectifier output drift",
            "de": "Gleichrichter-Ausgang driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D38",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Heater Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Heizer Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HV battery pack heater does not raise battery temperature within the calibrated time window. Heater element aged or supply current insufficient.",
        "de": "Der HV-Batteriepaket-Heizer erhöht die Batterietemperatur nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeitfensters. Heizelement gealtert oder Versorgungsstrom unzureichend."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_heater",
        "battery_pack_thermal_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "element_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater element aged - low output",
            "de": "Heizelement gealtert - geringe Leistung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_current_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply current insufficient",
            "de": "Versorgungsstrom unzureichend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D39",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Forced Hybrid/EV Battery Disconnect",
        "de": "Erzwungene Hybrid/EV-Batterieabschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS has forced a disconnect of the high-voltage battery from the vehicle bus. Triggered by safety condition such as overcurrent, isolation fault, or thermal runaway.",
        "de": "Das BMS hat eine erzwungene Trennung der Hochvolt-Batterie vom Fahrzeug-Bus ausgelöst. Ausgelöst durch Sicherheits-Bedingung wie Überstrom, Isolationsfehler oder thermisches Durchgehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "main_contactors",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "safety_event",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Safety event triggered disconnect",
            "de": "Sicherheits-Ereignis löste Trennung aus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "isolation_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Isolation fault detected",
            "de": "Isolationsfehler erkannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D3A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Forced Hybrid/EV System Shutdown",
        "de": "Erzwungene Hybrid/EV-System-Abschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module has forced a complete system shutdown. Triggered by critical fault such as multiple isolation warnings or contactor failure.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät hat eine komplette System-Abschaltung erzwungen. Ausgelöst durch kritischen Fehler wie mehrfache Isolations-Warnungen oder Schütz-Ausfall."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_control_module",
        "bms",
        "main_contactors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "multi_isolation_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Multiple isolation faults trigger shutdown",
            "de": "Mehrfache Isolationsfehler lösen Abschaltung aus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contactor_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failure forces shutdown",
            "de": "Schütz-Ausfall erzwingt Abschaltung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D3B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Discharge System Fault",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Entlade-System Fehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a fault in the active discharge system used to safely drain the DC-link capacitors after shutdown. Discharge resistor or switch may have failed.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler im aktiven Entlade-System zur sicheren Entladung der DC-Link-Kondensatoren nach Abschaltung. Entlade-Widerstand oder Schalter sind möglicherweise defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_discharge_resistor",
        "discharge_switch",
        "dc_link_capacitor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "resistor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Discharge resistor open",
            "de": "Entlade-Widerstand offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Discharge switch failed",
            "de": "Entlade-Schalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D3C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Hybrid/EV Drive Motor Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Hybrid/EV-Antriebsmotor Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the hybrid drive motor does not deliver the expected torque or speed. Cold lubricant viscosity or magnet temperature affects motor characteristic.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liefert der Hybrid-Antriebsmotor nicht das erwartete Drehmoment oder die erwartete Drehzahl. Kalt-Schmiermittel-Viskosität oder Magnet-Temperatur beeinflusst Motorkennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "inverter",
        "hv_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lubricant_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold lubricant viscosity high",
            "de": "Kalt-Schmiermittel mit hoher Viskosität"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnet_temp_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnet temperature outside design",
            "de": "Magnet-Temperatur außerhalb Auslegung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D3D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Hybrid/EV Drive Motor Inverter Torque Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Hybrid/EV-Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichter Drehmoment Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the inverter cannot deliver commanded torque to the drive motor within the expected window. Cold capacitor characteristic or switching loss elevated.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart kann der Wechselrichter das angeforderte Drehmoment nicht innerhalb des erwarteten Fensters an den Antriebsmotor liefern. Kalt-Kondensator-Kennlinie oder erhöhte Schaltverluste."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "inverter",
        "hv_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "capacitor_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "DC-link capacitor cold characteristic",
            "de": "DC-Link-Kondensator Kälte-Verhalten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "igbt_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "IGBT switching characteristic at cold",
            "de": "IGBT-Schaltverhalten bei Kälte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D3E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Hybrid/EV Battery Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Hybrid/EV-Batterie Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the HV battery cannot deliver the expected power. Cold cell impedance reduces available current.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart kann die HV-Batterie nicht die erwartete Leistung liefern. Kalt-Zell-Impedanz reduziert verfügbaren Strom."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a",
        "inverter",
        "hv_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_impedance_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell impedance high at cold",
            "de": "Zell-Impedanz bei Kälte hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_management_lag",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery heater not yet effective",
            "de": "Batterie-Heizer noch nicht wirksam"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D3F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cooling System B Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Kühlsystem B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery cooling system B does not maintain target temperatures under load. Coolant flow, radiator fouling, or pump output reduced on this branch.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Batterie-Kühlsystem B hält die Solltemperaturen unter Last nicht. Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom, Verschmutzung des Kühlers oder reduzierte Pumpenleistung auf diesem Zweig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_cooling_system_b",
        "battery_pack_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "radiator_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radiator fins fouled - reduced heat rejection",
            "de": "Kühler-Lamellen verschmutzt - reduzierte Wärmeabfuhr"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded with age",
            "de": "Pumpenförderleistung mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D40",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Cooling System C Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Kühlsystem C Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid battery cooling system C does not maintain target temperatures under load. Coolant flow, radiator fouling, or pump output reduced on this branch.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Batterie-Kühlsystem C hält die Solltemperaturen unter Last nicht. Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom, Verschmutzung des Kühlers oder reduzierte Pumpenleistung auf diesem Zweig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_cooling_system_c",
        "battery_pack_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "radiator_fouled",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radiator fins fouled - reduced heat rejection",
            "de": "Kühler-Lamellen verschmutzt - reduzierte Wärmeabfuhr"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded with age",
            "de": "Pumpenförderleistung mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D41",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage B Performance",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor Spannung B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage B feedback of the electric A/C compressor motor does not match the commanded value within tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Spannungs-B-Rückmeldung des elektrischen Klimakompressor-Motors stimmt nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem Sollwert überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Voltage feedback drifted",
            "de": "Spannungs-Rückmeldung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D42",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage B Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor Spannung B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage B feedback of the electric A/C compressor motor is below the expected window. Phase wire shorted to ground or driver fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannungs-B-Rückmeldung des elektrischen Klimakompressor-Motors liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Phasenleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen oder Endstufen-Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase B wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Phase-B-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver low-side fault",
            "de": "Endstufen-Lowside-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D43",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Voltage B High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor Spannung B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The voltage B feedback of the electric A/C compressor motor is above the expected window. Phase wire shorted to B+ or driver fault.",
        "de": "Die Spannungs-B-Rückmeldung des elektrischen Klimakompressor-Motors liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Phasenleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen oder Endstufen-Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phase B wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Phase-B-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver high-side fault",
            "de": "Endstufen-Highside-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D44",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Motor Performance",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Motor Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The electric A/C compressor motor does not deliver the expected speed or torque for the commanded duty. Bearing wear, magnet aging, or load mismatch.",
        "de": "Der elektrische Klimakompressor-Motor liefert nicht die erwartete Drehzahl oder das erwartete Drehmoment für die angeforderte Ansteuerung. Lagerverschleiß, Magnet-Alterung oder Last-Fehlanpassung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_motor",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bearing_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compressor motor bearing worn",
            "de": "Kompressor-Motor-Lager verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnet_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnet flux degraded with age",
            "de": "Magnetfluss mit Alter nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D45",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Temperature Too Low",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Temperatur zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant temperature is below the calibrated minimum. DEF/AdBlue may not flow correctly through the dosing system - heater fault or extreme cold weather.",
        "de": "Die Reduktionsmittel-Temperatur liegt unter dem kalibrierten Minimum. DEF/AdBlue fließt möglicherweise nicht korrekt durch das Dosier-System - Heizer-Fehler oder extreme Kälte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_tank",
        "reductant_heater",
        "reductant_lines"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Reductant heater failed",
            "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Heizer defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "extreme_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Extreme ambient cold",
            "de": "Extreme Umgebungs-Kälte"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D46",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack B Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket B Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection B is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt B oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_b",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D47",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack C Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket C Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection C is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt C oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_c",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D48",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack D Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket D Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection D is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt D oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_d",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D49",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack E Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket E Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection E is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt E oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_e",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D4A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack F Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket F Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection F is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt F oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_f",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D4B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack G Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket G Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection G is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt G oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_g",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D4C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack H Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket H Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection H is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt H oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_h",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D4D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack I Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket I Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection I is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt I oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_i",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D4E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack J Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket J Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection J is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt J oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_j",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D4F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack K Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket K Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection K is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt K oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_k",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D50",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack L Over Temperature",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket L Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects that battery pack subsection L is operating above the safe temperature threshold. Cell-level cooling or pack thermal management is compromised on this section.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt, dass der Batteriepaket-Abschnitt L oberhalb der sicheren Temperaturschwelle arbeitet. Die Zell-Kühlung oder das Paket-Thermomanagement ist auf diesem Abschnitt beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_l",
        "battery_thermal_management"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow to this section reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Volumenstrom zu diesem Abschnitt reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cell_imbalance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cell imbalance causes local heating",
            "de": "Zell-Ungleichgewicht verursacht lokale Erwärmung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D51",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Assisted Injector Control Circuit",
        "de": "Luftunterstützter Injektor Steuerkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of the air-assisted fuel injector reports a generic fault. Air-assist atomization for cold-start or low-load conditions cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des luftunterstützten Kraftstoffinjektors meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Luft-Unterstützung der Zerstäubung für Kaltstart- oder Niedriglast-Bedingungen kann nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_assisted_injector",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air-assist actuator failed",
            "de": "Luft-Unterstützungs-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D52",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D53",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D54",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D55",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D56",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D57",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator B Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Generator B Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control circuit of generator B reports a range/performance condition. Generator response or feedback outside calibration.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis des Generators B meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Zustand. Generator-Reaktion oder Rückmeldung außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback signal drifted",
            "de": "Rückmeldesignal driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D58",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator B Mechanical Performance",
        "de": "Generator B Mechanische Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generator B does not deliver the expected mechanical-to-electrical conversion. Bearing wear, drive coupling slip, or rotor imbalance.",
        "de": "Generator B liefert nicht die erwartete mechanisch-zu-elektrische Umwandlung. Lagerverschleiß, Antriebskoppel-Schlupf oder Rotor-Unwucht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bearing_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Generator bearing worn",
            "de": "Generator-Lager verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coupling_slip",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive coupling slip",
            "de": "Antriebskoppel-Schlupf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D59",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Generator B Over Temperature",
        "de": "Generator B Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generator B reports temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained high load or cooling path obstruction.",
        "de": "Generator B meldet Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltend hohe Last oder behinderter Kühlpfad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high generator load",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Generator-Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D5A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Level Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the reductant level sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor drifts or installation offset between channels.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Reduktionsmittel-Füllstandsensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensor driftet oder es liegt ein Einbauversatz zwischen den Kanälen vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor_a",
        "reductant_level_sensor_b",
        "scr_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelung zwischen Kanälen vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D5B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor C Circuit",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor C of the battery charging system reports a circuit condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failed",
            "de": "Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D5C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor C Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz C geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor C of the battery charging system reports a stuck closed condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"geschlossen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Schützkontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D5D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor C Stuck Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz C offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor C of the battery charging system reports a stuck open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"offen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Schützkontakte oxidiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil burned out",
            "de": "Schützspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D5E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz C Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor C of the battery charging system reports a control circuit/open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D5F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor C Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz C Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor C of the battery charging system reports a control circuit range/performance condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D60",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor C of the battery charging system reports a control circuit low condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in contactor coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D61",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor C of the battery charging system reports a control circuit high condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D62",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor C Circuit",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor C of the battery charging system reports a circuit condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failed",
            "de": "Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D63",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor C Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz C geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor C of the battery charging system reports a stuck closed condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"geschlossen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Schützkontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D64",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor C Stuck Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz C offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor C of the battery charging system reports a stuck open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"offen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Schützkontakte oxidiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil burned out",
            "de": "Schützspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D65",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor C Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz C Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor C of the battery charging system reports a control circuit/open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D66",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor C Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz C Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor C of the battery charging system reports a control circuit range/performance condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D67",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor C Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz C Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor C of the battery charging system reports a control circuit low condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in contactor coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D68",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor C Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz C Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor C of the battery charging system reports a control circuit high condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz C des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D69",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor D Circuit",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz D Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor D of the battery charging system reports a circuit condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failed",
            "de": "Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D6A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor D Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz D geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor D of the battery charging system reports a stuck closed condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"geschlossen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Schützkontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D6B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor D Stuck Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz D offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor D of the battery charging system reports a stuck open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"offen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Schützkontakte oxidiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil burned out",
            "de": "Schützspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D6C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor D Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz D Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor D of the battery charging system reports a control circuit/open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D6D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor D Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz D Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor D of the battery charging system reports a control circuit range/performance condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D6E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor D Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz D Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor D of the battery charging system reports a control circuit low condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in contactor coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D6F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Positive Contactor D Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Positiv-Schütz D Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The positive contactor D of the battery charging system reports a control circuit high condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das positive Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_pos_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D70",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor D Circuit",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz D Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor D of the battery charging system reports a circuit condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contactor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor failed",
            "de": "Schütz defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D71",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor D Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz D geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor D of the battery charging system reports a stuck closed condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"geschlossen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Schützkontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D72",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor D Stuck Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz D offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor D of the battery charging system reports a stuck open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"offen festsitzend\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contacts_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Schützkontakte oxidiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_burned",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contactor coil burned out",
            "de": "Schützspule durchgebrannt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D73",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor D Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz D Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor D of the battery charging system reports a control circuit/open condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in coil control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Spulen-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D74",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor D Control Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz D Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor D of the battery charging system reports a control circuit range/performance condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coil_resistance_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact in connector",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt im Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D75",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor D Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz D Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor D of the battery charging system reports a control circuit low condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in contactor coil",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss in der Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D76",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System Negative Contactor D Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem Negativ-Schütz D Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The negative contactor D of the battery charging system reports a control circuit high condition. HV charging path cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das negative Schütz D des Batterieladesystems meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Der HV-Ladepfad kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_neg_contactor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Control wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Steuerleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open contactor coil",
            "de": "Offene Schützspule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D77",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Control Module B Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Steuermodul B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger control module B reports a performance fault. Internal self-tests fail or response time outside calibration.",
        "de": "Das Batterielade-Steuermodul B meldet einen Verhaltens-Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder die Reaktionszeit liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_cm_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "communication_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication with BMS degraded",
            "de": "Kommunikation zum BMS verschlechtert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D78",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Control Module B Processor Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Steuermodul B Prozessor-Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger control module B reports a processor performance fault. CPU watchdog or RAM check failed.",
        "de": "Das Batterielade-Steuermodul B meldet einen Prozessor-Verhaltens-Fehler. CPU-Watchdog oder RAM-Prüfung schlug fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_cm_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "watchdog_reset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CPU watchdog repeatedly resets",
            "de": "CPU-Watchdog setzt wiederholt zurück"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ram_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "RAM check failed",
            "de": "RAM-Prüfung schlug fehl"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D79",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging Stop Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Lade-Stopp-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charging stop switch reports a circuit condition. Charging termination cannot be reliably commanded by the operator.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Stopp-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Lade-Beendigung kann nicht zuverlässig vom Bediener angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charging_stop_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D7A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging Stop Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Lade-Stopp-Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charging stop switch reports a circuit high condition. Charging termination cannot be reliably commanded by the operator.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Stopp-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Lade-Beendigung kann nicht zuverlässig vom Bediener angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charging_stop_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck active",
            "de": "Schalter dauerhaft aktiv"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D7B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging Stop Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lade-Stopp-Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charging stop switch reports a circuit low condition. Charging termination cannot be reliably commanded by the operator.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Stopp-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Lade-Beendigung kann nicht zuverlässig vom Bediener angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charging_stop_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck off",
            "de": "Schalter dauerhaft inaktiv"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D7C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging Stop Switch Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Lade-Stopp-Schalter Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charging stop switch reports a circuit performance condition. Charging termination cannot be reliably commanded by the operator.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Stopp-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Verhalten\". Die Lade-Beendigung kann nicht zuverlässig vom Bediener angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charging_stop_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D7D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging Stop Switch Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Lade-Stopp-Schalter Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charging stop switch reports a circuit intermittent/erratic condition. Charging termination cannot be reliably commanded by the operator.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Stopp-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Lade-Beendigung kann nicht zuverlässig vom Bediener angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charging_stop_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch connector not seated",
            "de": "Schalter-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D7E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging Start Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Lade-Start-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charging start switch reports a circuit condition. Charging initiation cannot be reliably commanded by the operator.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Start-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Lade-Auslösung kann nicht zuverlässig vom Bediener angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charging_start_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D7F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging Start Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Lade-Start-Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charging start switch reports a circuit high condition. Charging initiation cannot be reliably commanded by the operator.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Start-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Lade-Auslösung kann nicht zuverlässig vom Bediener angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charging_start_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck active",
            "de": "Schalter dauerhaft aktiv"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D80",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging Start Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lade-Start-Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charging start switch reports a circuit low condition. Charging initiation cannot be reliably commanded by the operator.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Start-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Lade-Auslösung kann nicht zuverlässig vom Bediener angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charging_start_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_stuck_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch stuck off",
            "de": "Schalter dauerhaft inaktiv"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D81",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging Start Switch Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Lade-Start-Schalter Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charging start switch reports a circuit performance condition. Charging initiation cannot be reliably commanded by the operator.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Start-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Verhalten\". Die Lade-Auslösung kann nicht zuverlässig vom Bediener angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charging_start_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D82",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charging Start Switch Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Lade-Start-Schalter Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charging start switch reports a circuit intermittent/erratic condition. Charging initiation cannot be reliably commanded by the operator.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Start-Schalter meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Lade-Auslösung kann nicht zuverlässig vom Bediener angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charging_start_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch connector not seated",
            "de": "Schalter-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D83",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Input Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The input current sensor of battery charger B reports a circuit low condition. Charging current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Eingangsstromsensor des Batterieladers B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Ladestrom-Messung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_input_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted low",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D84",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Input Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The input current sensor of battery charger B reports a circuit high condition. Charging current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Eingangsstromsensor des Batterieladers B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Ladestrom-Messung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_input_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted high",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D85",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Input Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Eingangsstromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The input current sensor of battery charger B reports a circuit range/performance condition. Charging current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Eingangsstromsensor des Batterieladers B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Ladestrom-Messung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_input_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset from nearby ferrous parts",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz durch nahe ferromagnetische Teile"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D86",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Temperature Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Temperatursensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The signals of the fuel temperature sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. One sensor drifts or installation offset between channels.",
        "de": "Die Signale der Kraftstoff-Temperatursensoren A und B korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Ein Sensor driftet oder es liegt ein Einbauversatz zwischen den Kanälen vor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_a",
        "fuel_temperature_sensor_b",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Eine Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_swap",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness incorrectly swapped between channels",
            "de": "Verkabelung zwischen Kanälen vertauscht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D87",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 1 Control Module Over Temperature",
        "de": "Lüfter 1 Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fan 1 control module reports temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained operation, high ambient, or cooling path obstruction.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul des Lüfters 1 meldet Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltender Betrieb, hohe Umgebungstemperatur oder behinderter Kühlpfad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_control_module_1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Under-bonnet temperature too high",
            "de": "Motorraumtemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sustained_run",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained fan operation",
            "de": "Anhaltender Lüfterbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D88",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 1 Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Lüfter 1 Steuermodul Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fan 1 control module response does not match the calibrated profile. Internal self-tests fail or output drift.",
        "de": "Die Reaktion des Steuermoduls des Lüfters 1 entspricht nicht dem kalibrierten Profil. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder Ausgangs-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_control_module_1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "output_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output stage drift",
            "de": "Endstufen-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D89",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 1 Control Module Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Lüfter 1 Steuermodul Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage circuit of the fan 1 control module reports a fault. Module may not start or operate correctly.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis des Steuermoduls des Lüfters 1 meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul startet oder arbeitet möglicherweise nicht korrekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_control_module_1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Modul-Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D8A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 2 Control Module Over Temperature",
        "de": "Lüfter 2 Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fan 2 control module reports temperature above the protection threshold. Sustained operation, high ambient, or cooling path obstruction.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul des Lüfters 2 meldet Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle. Anhaltender Betrieb, hohe Umgebungstemperatur oder behinderter Kühlpfad."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_control_module_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Under-bonnet temperature too high",
            "de": "Motorraumtemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sustained_run",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained fan operation",
            "de": "Anhaltender Lüfterbetrieb"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D8B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 2 Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Lüfter 2 Steuermodul Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fan 2 control module response does not match the calibrated profile. Internal self-tests fail or output drift.",
        "de": "Die Reaktion des Steuermoduls des Lüfters 2 entspricht nicht dem kalibrierten Profil. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl oder Ausgangs-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_control_module_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "output_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output stage drift",
            "de": "Endstufen-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D8C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fan 2 Control Module Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Lüfter 2 Steuermodul Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage circuit of the fan 2 control module reports a fault. Module may not start or operate correctly.",
        "de": "Der Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis des Steuermoduls des Lüfters 2 meldet einen Fehler. Das Modul startet oder arbeitet möglicherweise nicht korrekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fan_control_module_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Modul-Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D8D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Mechanical Performance",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Mechanische Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine disconnect clutch does not deliver the expected mechanical engagement or release. Friction surface wear, glazing, or actuator force degraded.",
        "de": "Die Motor-Trennkupplung liefert nicht die erwartete mechanische Einrückung oder Freigabe. Reibflächen-Verschleiß, Verglasung oder nachgelassene Aktuatorkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch",
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "friction_glazed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Friction surfaces glazed",
            "de": "Reibflächen verglast"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_weak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator force degraded",
            "de": "Aktuatorkraft nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D8E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the engine oil pressure sensor/switch c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_oil_pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D8F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the engine oil pressure sensor/switch c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_oil_pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D90",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor/Switch C Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the engine oil pressure sensor/switch c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_oil_pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D91",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Oil Pressure Sensor/Switch C Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the engine oil pressure sensor/switch c. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Motoröldruck-Sensor/Schalter C. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_oil_pressure_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D92",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase X Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase X Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase X reports voltage above the expected window. Indicates short to B+ or sensor offset drifted high.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase X des Starter/Generators meldet eine Spannung über dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Kurzschluss nach B+ oder Sensor-Versatz hoch hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted high",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D93",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase Y Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase Y Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase Y reports voltage above the expected window. Indicates short to B+ or sensor offset drifted high.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Y des Starter/Generators meldet eine Spannung über dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Kurzschluss nach B+ oder Sensor-Versatz hoch hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted high",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D94",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase Z Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase Z Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase Z reports voltage above the expected window. Indicates short to B+ or sensor offset drifted high.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Z des Starter/Generators meldet eine Spannung über dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Kurzschluss nach B+ oder Sensor-Versatz hoch hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_z_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted high",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D95",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase X Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase X Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase X reports voltage below the expected window. Indicates short to ground or sensor offset drifted low.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase X des Starter/Generators meldet eine Spannung unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Sensor-Versatz niedrig hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted low",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D96",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase Y Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase Y Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase Y reports voltage below the expected window. Indicates short to ground or sensor offset drifted low.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Y des Starter/Generators meldet eine Spannung unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Sensor-Versatz niedrig hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted low",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D97",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase Z Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase Z Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase Z reports voltage below the expected window. Indicates short to ground or sensor offset drifted low.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Z des Starter/Generators meldet eine Spannung unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Kurzschluss nach Masse oder Sensor-Versatz niedrig hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_z_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted low",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D98",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase X Current Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase X Strom-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current measurement on starter/generator phase X drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive sensor.",
        "de": "Die Strommessung auf Phase X des Starter/Generators fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindlicher Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D99",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase Y Current Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase Y Strom-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current measurement on starter/generator phase Y drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive sensor.",
        "de": "Die Strommessung auf Phase Y des Starter/Generators fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindlicher Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D9A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase Z Current Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase Z Strom-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current measurement on starter/generator phase Z drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive sensor.",
        "de": "Die Strommessung auf Phase Z des Starter/Generators fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindlicher Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_z_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D9B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase U Current Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase U Strom-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current measurement on starter/generator phase U drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive sensor.",
        "de": "Die Strommessung auf Phase U des Starter/Generators fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindlicher Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_u_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D9C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase V Current Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase V Strom-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current measurement on starter/generator phase V drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive sensor.",
        "de": "Die Strommessung auf Phase V des Starter/Generators fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindlicher Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_v_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D9D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase W Current Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase W Strom-Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current measurement on starter/generator phase W drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or vibration-sensitive sensor.",
        "de": "Die Strommessung auf Phase W des Starter/Generators fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder vibrationsempfindlicher Sensor."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_w_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafe",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness chafing intermittently shorts the wire",
            "de": "Scheuernde Leitung kontaktiert sporadisch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D9E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Voltage Low",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Systemspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage system voltage is below the expected window. HV battery output drops, isolation event, or loaded too heavily.",
        "de": "Die HV-Systemspannung liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich. HV-Batterie-Ausgang bricht ein, Isolationsereignis oder zu hohe Last."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms",
        "hv_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV battery cells aged",
            "de": "HV-Batteriezellen gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bms_regulation",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS regulation outside calibration",
            "de": "BMS-Regelung außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2D9F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Voltage High",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Systemspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage system voltage is above the expected window. Regenerative braking overshoot or BMS regulation fault.",
        "de": "Die HV-Systemspannung liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Überschwingen beim regenerativen Bremsen oder BMS-Regelfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms",
        "hv_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV battery cells aged",
            "de": "HV-Batteriezellen gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bms_regulation",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS regulation outside calibration",
            "de": "BMS-Regelung außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DA0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Voltage Performance",
        "de": "Hochvolt-Systemspannung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage system voltage does not match plausibility checks under load. Voltage trace deviates from expected battery profile.",
        "de": "Die HV-Systemspannung stimmt unter Last nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen überein. Spannungsverlauf weicht vom erwarteten Batterieprofil ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery",
        "bms",
        "hv_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV battery cells aged",
            "de": "HV-Batteriezellen gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bms_regulation",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS regulation outside calibration",
            "de": "BMS-Regelung außerhalb der Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          16
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DA1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module B Supply Voltage Low",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul B Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage on the gear shift control module B is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung am Gangwahl-Steuermodul B liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Modul-Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DA2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module B Supply Voltage High",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul B Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Supply voltage on the gear shift control module B is above the expected window.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannung am Gangwahl-Steuermodul B liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Überspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DA3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Shift Control Module B Overtemperature",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul B Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Gear shift control module B reports junction temperature above protection threshold.",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Steuermodul B meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur über Schutzschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_b",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained high module load",
            "de": "Anhaltend hohe Modul-Last"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DA4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater A Internal Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer A Internes Steuermodul Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal control module of coolant heater A reports a performance fault. Internal self-tests fail.",
        "de": "Das interne Steuermodul des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers A meldet einen Verhaltens-Fehler. Interne Selbsttests schlagen fehl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "coolant_heater_a_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal module fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "firmware_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Firmware corruption",
            "de": "Firmware beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DA5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater A Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer A Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant heater A supply voltage circuit reports a fault. Heater may not start when commanded.",
        "de": "Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers A meldet einen Fehler. Heizer startet bei Anforderung möglicherweise nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "coolant_heater_a_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DA6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater A Over Temperature",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer A Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant heater A reports temperature above the protection threshold. Coolant flow blocked or thermistor failed.",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer A meldet Temperatur über Schutzschwelle. Kühlmittelfluss blockiert oder Thermistor defekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "coolant_heater_a_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_blocked",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow through heater blocked",
            "de": "Kühlmittelfluss durch Heizer blockiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermistor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermistor failed",
            "de": "Thermistor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DA7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Heater A Control Module System Voltage",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Vorheizer A Steuermodul System-Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The system voltage feedback of the coolant heater A control module is outside the expected window.",
        "de": "Die System-Spannungs-Rückmeldung des Steuermoduls des Kühlmittel-Vorheizers A liegt außerhalb des erwarteten Bereichs."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "coolant_heater_a_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "System voltage drifted",
            "de": "Systemspannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "feedback_wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback wire fault",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DA8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter Control Module A Switch A Circuit",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler-Steuermodul A Schalter A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/AC converter control module A switch A circuit reports a generic fault.",
        "de": "Der Schalter-A-Stromkreis des DC/AC-Wandler-Steuermoduls A meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcac_converter_module_a_switch_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal switch failed",
            "de": "Interner Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DA9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter Control Module A Switch A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler-Steuermodul A Schalter A Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/AC converter switch A response is outside calibration.",
        "de": "Die Reaktion des DC/AC-Wandler-Schalters A liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcac_converter_module_a_switch_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch aged - response slowed",
            "de": "Schalter gealtert - verlangsamte Reaktion"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DAA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter Control Module A Switch B Circuit",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler-Steuermodul A Schalter B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/AC converter control module A switch B circuit reports a generic fault.",
        "de": "Der Schalter-B-Stromkreis des DC/AC-Wandler-Steuermoduls A meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcac_converter_module_a_switch_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal switch failed",
            "de": "Interner Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DAB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter Control Module A Switch B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler-Steuermodul A Schalter B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/AC converter switch B response is outside calibration.",
        "de": "Die Reaktion des DC/AC-Wandler-Schalters B liegt außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcac_converter_module_a_switch_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch aged - response slowed",
            "de": "Schalter gealtert - verlangsamte Reaktion"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DAC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor a temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DAD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the drive motor a temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DAE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the drive motor a temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DAF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the drive motor a temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DB0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor a temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DB1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the drive motor a temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DB2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the drive motor a temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DB3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the drive motor a temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DB4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the drive motor a temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DB5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the drive motor a temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Antriebsmotor A Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DB6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Cooling System Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Kühlsystem Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charger B cooling system does not maintain target temperatures under load. Coolant flow reduced, fan failure, or radiator fouling.",
        "de": "Das Kühlsystem des Batterieladers B hält die Solltemperaturen unter Last nicht. Reduzierter Kühlmittelfluss, Lüfterausfall oder Verschmutzung des Kühlers."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b",
        "battery_charger_b_cooling"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "coolant_flow_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant flow reduced",
            "de": "Kühlmittelfluss reduziert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fan_failure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling fan failure",
            "de": "Kühlerlüfter-Ausfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DB7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System B High Voltage Interlock Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem B HV-Verriegelung Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage interlock circuit of battery charging system B reports a circuit/open condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladesystems B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette ist möglicherweise beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_b_hv_interlock",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "interlock_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock signal interrupted",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Signal unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock connector not seated",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DB8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System B High Voltage Interlock Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem B HV-Verriegelung Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage interlock circuit of battery charging system B reports a circuit performance condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladesystems B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Verhalten\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette ist möglicherweise beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_b_hv_interlock",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "interlock_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock signal interrupted",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Signal unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock connector not seated",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DB9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System B High Voltage Interlock Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem B HV-Verriegelung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage interlock circuit of battery charging system B reports a circuit low condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladesystems B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette ist möglicherweise beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_b_hv_interlock",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "interlock_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock signal interrupted",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Signal unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock connector not seated",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DBA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System B High Voltage Interlock Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem B HV-Verriegelung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage interlock circuit of battery charging system B reports a circuit high condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladesystems B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette ist möglicherweise beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_b_hv_interlock",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "interlock_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock signal interrupted",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Signal unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock connector not seated",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DBB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging System B High Voltage Interlock Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterieladesystem B HV-Verriegelung Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-voltage interlock circuit of battery charging system B reports a circuit intermittent/erratic condition. Safety interlock chain may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis des Batterieladesystems B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Sicherheits-Verriegelungskette ist möglicherweise beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bcs_b_hv_interlock",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "interlock_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock signal interrupted",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Signal unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock connector not seated",
            "de": "Verriegelungs-Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DBC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Coupler Lock Position Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielader B Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger b coupler lock position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielader B Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_coupler_lock_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DBD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Coupler Lock Position Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger b coupler lock position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielader B Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_coupler_lock_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DBE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Coupler Lock Position Sensor Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the battery charger b coupler lock position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Batterielader B Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_coupler_lock_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DBF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Coupler Lock Position Sensor Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the battery charger b coupler lock position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Batterielader B Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_coupler_lock_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DC0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Coupler Lock Position Sensor Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Batterielader B Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the battery charger b coupler lock position sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Batterielader B Kopplungs-Verriegelungs-Positionssensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_coupler_lock_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DC1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase X Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase X Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase X reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase X des Starter/Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DC2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase X Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase X Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase X reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase X des Starter/Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset from nearby parts",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz durch nahe Teile"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DC3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase Y Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase Y Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase Y reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Y des Starter/Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DC4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase Y Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase Y Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase Y reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Y des Starter/Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset from nearby parts",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz durch nahe Teile"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DC5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase Z Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase Z Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase Z reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Z des Starter/Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_z_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DC6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase Z Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase Z Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for starter/generator phase Z reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Z des Starter/Generators meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_z_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Stromsensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "magnetic_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Magnetic offset from nearby parts",
            "de": "Magnetischer Versatz durch nahe Teile"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DC7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Excitation Current",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Erregerstrom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The starter/generator excitation current control reports a generic fault.",
        "de": "Die Erregerstrom-Steuerung des Starter/Generators meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_excitation_circuit",
        "starter_generator",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "excitation_circuit_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excitation circuit fault",
            "de": "Erregerkreis-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DC8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Excitation Current Low",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Erregerstrom niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The starter/generator excitation current is below the expected window.",
        "de": "Der Erregerstrom des Starter/Generators liegt unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_excitation_circuit",
        "starter_generator",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_partial_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excitation winding partially open",
            "de": "Erregerwicklung teilweise unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage low",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DC9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Excitation Current High",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Erregerstrom hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The starter/generator excitation current is above the expected window. Indicates winding short or driver fault.",
        "de": "Der Erregerstrom des Starter/Generators liegt über dem erwarteten Bereich. Deutet auf Wicklungs-Kurzschluss oder Endstufen-Fehler hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_excitation_circuit",
        "starter_generator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excitation winding short",
            "de": "Erregerwicklung-Kurzschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver fault high",
            "de": "Endstufen-Fehler hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DCA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Excitation Current Intermittent",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Erregerstrom sporadisch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The starter/generator excitation current drops out or jumps intermittently. Loose connector or unstable driver.",
        "de": "Der Erregerstrom des Starter/Generators fällt sporadisch aus oder springt. Lockerer Stecker oder instabile Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_excitation_circuit",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DCB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Phase X-Y-Z Current Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Phase X-Y-Z Stromsensor Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase X, Y, and Z current sensors of the starter/generator do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. Sum of phase currents should be near zero.",
        "de": "Die Phasen-X-, Y- und Z-Stromsensoren des Starter/Generators korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Die Summe der Phasenströme sollte nahe Null sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "starter_generator_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "starter_generator_phase_z_current_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Ein Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between sensors",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Sensoren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DCC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Starter/Generator Position Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Starter/Generator Positionssensor Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The starter/generator rotor position sensors do not correlate with the calculated electrical angle within tolerance. Sensor offset or pole alignment off.",
        "de": "Die Rotorlage-Sensoren des Starter/Generators korrelieren nicht innerhalb der Toleranz mit dem berechneten elektrischen Winkel. Sensor-Versatz oder Pol-Ausrichtung versetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_position_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mechanically offset",
            "de": "Sensor mechanisch versetzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pole_misalignment",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pole alignment off",
            "de": "Pol-Ausrichtung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DCD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Filter B Incorrect",
        "de": "Partikelfilter B falsch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects that the installed particulate filter B does not match the expected type or specification. Wrong replacement part or substrate damage.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt, dass der eingebaute Partikelfilter B nicht zum erwarteten Typ oder zur Spezifikation passt. Falsches Ersatzteil oder Substrat-Schaden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "particulate_filter_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_part",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong DPF type installed",
            "de": "Falscher DPF-Typ verbaut"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "substrate_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Substrate damaged or missing",
            "de": "Substrat beschädigt oder fehlt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DCE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch B reports a circuit/open condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis offen\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in switch wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Schalter-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DCF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch B reports a range/performance condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch contacts aged",
            "de": "Schalterkontakte gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DD0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch B reports a circuit low condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch shorted",
            "de": "Schalter kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DD1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch B Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch B reports a circuit high condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch open",
            "de": "Schalter offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DD2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch B reports a intermittent/erratic condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B meldet einen Zustand \"sporadisch/unsauber\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DD3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch B Stuck Off",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch B reports a stuck off condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft aus\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts oxidised - high resistance",
            "de": "Kontakte oxidiert - hoher Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DD4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Pilot Charging Switch B Stuck On",
        "de": "Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control pilot charging switch B reports a stuck on condition. SAE J1772 charging signal handshake may be compromised.",
        "de": "Der Steuerpilot-Lade-Schalter B meldet einen Zustand \"dauerhaft an\". Der SAE-J1772-Lade-Signal-Handshake kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_pilot_switch_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts welded closed",
            "de": "Kontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DD5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injection Quantity B Lower Than Expected",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge B niedriger als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured fuel injection quantity for group B is below the calibrated window. Injector flow drift, rail pressure off, or measurement bias.",
        "de": "Die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe B liegt unter dem kalibrierten Fenster. Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift, Verteilerleisten-Druck versetzt oder Mess-Vorspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_b",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors partially clogged",
            "de": "Injektoren teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DD6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injection Quantity B Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge B höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured fuel injection quantity for group B is above the calibrated window. Injector flow drift, rail pressure off, or measurement bias.",
        "de": "Die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe B liegt über dem kalibrierten Fenster. Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift, Verteilerleisten-Druck versetzt oder Mess-Vorspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_b",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking",
            "de": "Injektor undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure high",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DD7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Quantity B Lower Than Expected",
        "de": "Kaltstart Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge B niedriger als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the measured fuel injection quantity for group B is below the calibrated cold-start window. Cold-start strategy or injector flow drift.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liegt die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe B unter dem kalibrierten Kaltstart-Fenster. Kaltstart-Strategie oder Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_b",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors partially clogged",
            "de": "Injektoren teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DD8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Quantity B Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Kaltstart Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge B höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the measured fuel injection quantity for group B is above the calibrated cold-start window. Cold-start strategy or injector flow drift.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liegt die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe B über dem kalibrierten Kaltstart-Fenster. Kaltstart-Strategie oder Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_b",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking",
            "de": "Injektor undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure high",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DD9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "EVAP-Leck-Erkennungs-Pumpe Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP leak detection pump control circuit reports a performance condition. Pump response or current draw outside calibration.",
        "de": "Der Steuerstromkreis der EVAP-Leck-Erkennungs-Pumpe meldet einen Verhaltens-Zustand. Pumpen-Reaktion oder Stromaufnahme außerhalb der Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded",
            "de": "Pumpenleistung nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DDA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "EVAP-Leck-Erkennungs-Pumpe Verhalten/festsitzend aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP leak detection pump does not start when commanded. Motor seized, relay failure, or driver fault.",
        "de": "Die EVAP-Leck-Erkennungs-Pumpe startet bei Anforderung nicht. Motor festsitzend, Relaisausfall oder Endstufen-Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "motor_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor seized",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump relay failed",
            "de": "Pumpenrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DDB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Leak Detection Pump Stuck On",
        "de": "EVAP-Leck-Erkennungs-Pumpe dauerhaft an"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP leak detection pump stays running when commanded off. Relay welded or driver stuck on.",
        "de": "Die EVAP-Leck-Erkennungs-Pumpe läuft weiter, obwohl Abschalten angefordert. Verschweißtes Relais oder Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_pump",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_welded",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts welded",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte verschweißt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_stuck_on",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output driver stuck on",
            "de": "Endstufe bleibt durchgeschaltet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DDC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injection Quantity C Lower Than Expected",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge C niedriger als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured fuel injection quantity for group C is below the calibrated window. Injector flow drift, rail pressure off, or measurement bias.",
        "de": "Die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe C liegt unter dem kalibrierten Fenster. Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift, Verteilerleisten-Druck versetzt oder Mess-Vorspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_c",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors partially clogged",
            "de": "Injektoren teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DDD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injection Quantity C Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge C höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured fuel injection quantity for group C is above the calibrated window. Injector flow drift, rail pressure off, or measurement bias.",
        "de": "Die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe C liegt über dem kalibrierten Fenster. Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift, Verteilerleisten-Druck versetzt oder Mess-Vorspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_c",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking",
            "de": "Injektor undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure high",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DDE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injection Quantity D Lower Than Expected",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge D niedriger als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured fuel injection quantity for group D is below the calibrated window. Injector flow drift, rail pressure off, or measurement bias.",
        "de": "Die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe D liegt unter dem kalibrierten Fenster. Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift, Verteilerleisten-Druck versetzt oder Mess-Vorspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_d",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors partially clogged",
            "de": "Injektoren teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DDF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Injection Quantity D Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge D höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The measured fuel injection quantity for group D is above the calibrated window. Injector flow drift, rail pressure off, or measurement bias.",
        "de": "Die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe D liegt über dem kalibrierten Fenster. Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift, Verteilerleisten-Druck versetzt oder Mess-Vorspannung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_d",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking",
            "de": "Injektor undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure high",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DE0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Quantity C Lower Than Expected",
        "de": "Kaltstart Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge C niedriger als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the measured fuel injection quantity for group C is below the calibrated cold-start window. Cold-start strategy or injector flow drift.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liegt die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe C unter dem kalibrierten Kaltstart-Fenster. Kaltstart-Strategie oder Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_c",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors partially clogged",
            "de": "Injektoren teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DE1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Quantity C Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Kaltstart Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge C höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the measured fuel injection quantity for group C is above the calibrated cold-start window. Cold-start strategy or injector flow drift.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liegt die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe C über dem kalibrierten Kaltstart-Fenster. Kaltstart-Strategie oder Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_c",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking",
            "de": "Injektor undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure high",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DE2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Quantity D Lower Than Expected",
        "de": "Kaltstart Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge D niedriger als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the measured fuel injection quantity for group D is below the calibrated cold-start window. Cold-start strategy or injector flow drift.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liegt die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe D unter dem kalibrierten Kaltstart-Fenster. Kaltstart-Strategie oder Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_d",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injectors partially clogged",
            "de": "Injektoren teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DE3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Fuel Injection Quantity D Higher Than Expected",
        "de": "Kaltstart Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge D höher als erwartet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the measured fuel injection quantity for group D is above the calibrated cold-start window. Cold-start strategy or injector flow drift.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart liegt die gemessene Kraftstoff-Einspritzmenge der Gruppe D über dem kalibrierten Kaltstart-Fenster. Kaltstart-Strategie oder Injektor-Volumenstrom-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_group_d",
        "fuel_rail",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaking",
            "de": "Injektor undicht"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rail_pressure_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure high",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DE4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Clutch Stuck Engaged",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kupplung dauerhaft eingerückt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A clutch cannot leave the engaged state when release is commanded.",
        "de": "Die Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplung kann den eingerückten Zustand nicht verlassen, obwohl Lösen angefordert wurde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator stuck",
            "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pressure off",
            "de": "Hydraulikdruck versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DE5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Clutch Stuck Disengaged",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kupplung dauerhaft ausgerückt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A clutch cannot leave the disengaged state when engagement is commanded.",
        "de": "Die Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplung kann den ausgerückten Zustand nicht verlassen, obwohl Einrücken angefordert wurde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator stuck",
            "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pressure off",
            "de": "Hydraulikdruck versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DE6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Clutch Actuator Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Kupplung Aktuator Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A clutch actuator does not respond within the calibrated time window.",
        "de": "Der Aktuator der Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplung reagiert nicht innerhalb des kalibrierten Zeitfensters."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clutch actuator stuck",
            "de": "Kupplungs-Aktuator festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hydraulic_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hydraulic pressure off",
            "de": "Hydraulikdruck versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DE7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kaltstart Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the engine coolant bypass valve C response does not match the cold-start calibration.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart entspricht die Reaktion des Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventils C nicht der Kaltstart-Kalibrierung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Ventil bei Kälte träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage iced",
            "de": "Gestänge vereist"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DE8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Engine Coolant Bypass Valve D Stuck Open",
        "de": "Kaltstart Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D offen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the engine coolant bypass valve D is stuck in the open position. Coolant bypasses the warm-up loop.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart sitzt das Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D in der offenen Position fest. Kühlmittel umgeht den Warmlauf-Kreislauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck in open position",
            "de": "Ventil in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator failed",
            "de": "Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DE9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Engine Coolant Pump Underspeed",
        "de": "Kaltstart Motorkühlmittelpumpe Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the engine coolant pump runs below the calibrated minimum speed. Cold viscosity load too high or pump weak.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart läuft die Motorkühlmittelpumpe unter der kalibrierten Mindestdrehzahl. Kalt-Viskositätslast zu hoch oder Pumpe schwach."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_high_cold",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cold coolant viscosity too high",
            "de": "Kalt-Kühlmittel-Viskosität zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded",
            "de": "Pumpenleistung nachgelassen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DEA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Intake Valve Lift Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Einlassventilhub Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The variable intake valve lift on cylinder 1 does not reach the commanded position within tolerance. Mechanism wear or actuator force degraded.",
        "de": "Der variable Einlassventilhub auf Zylinder 1 erreicht nicht die angeforderte Position innerhalb der Toleranz. Mechanik-Verschleiß oder nachgelassene Aktuatorkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_lift_actuator_cyl_1",
        "vvt_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Variable lift mechanism worn",
            "de": "Variabel-Hub-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure to actuator low",
            "de": "Öldruck zum Aktuator niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DEB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Intake Valve Lift Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Einlassventilhub Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The variable intake valve lift on cylinder 2 does not reach the commanded position within tolerance. Mechanism wear or actuator force degraded.",
        "de": "Der variable Einlassventilhub auf Zylinder 2 erreicht nicht die angeforderte Position innerhalb der Toleranz. Mechanik-Verschleiß oder nachgelassene Aktuatorkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_lift_actuator_cyl_2",
        "vvt_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Variable lift mechanism worn",
            "de": "Variabel-Hub-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure to actuator low",
            "de": "Öldruck zum Aktuator niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DEC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Intake Valve Lift Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Einlassventilhub Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The variable intake valve lift on cylinder 3 does not reach the commanded position within tolerance. Mechanism wear or actuator force degraded.",
        "de": "Der variable Einlassventilhub auf Zylinder 3 erreicht nicht die angeforderte Position innerhalb der Toleranz. Mechanik-Verschleiß oder nachgelassene Aktuatorkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_lift_actuator_cyl_3",
        "vvt_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Variable lift mechanism worn",
            "de": "Variabel-Hub-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure to actuator low",
            "de": "Öldruck zum Aktuator niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DED",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Intake Valve Lift Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Einlassventilhub Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The variable intake valve lift on cylinder 4 does not reach the commanded position within tolerance. Mechanism wear or actuator force degraded.",
        "de": "Der variable Einlassventilhub auf Zylinder 4 erreicht nicht die angeforderte Position innerhalb der Toleranz. Mechanik-Verschleiß oder nachgelassene Aktuatorkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_lift_actuator_cyl_4",
        "vvt_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Variable lift mechanism worn",
            "de": "Variabel-Hub-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure to actuator low",
            "de": "Öldruck zum Aktuator niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DEE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Intake Valve Lift Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Einlassventilhub Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The variable intake valve lift on cylinder 5 does not reach the commanded position within tolerance. Mechanism wear or actuator force degraded.",
        "de": "Der variable Einlassventilhub auf Zylinder 5 erreicht nicht die angeforderte Position innerhalb der Toleranz. Mechanik-Verschleiß oder nachgelassene Aktuatorkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_lift_actuator_cyl_5",
        "vvt_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Variable lift mechanism worn",
            "de": "Variabel-Hub-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure to actuator low",
            "de": "Öldruck zum Aktuator niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DEF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Intake Valve Lift Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Einlassventilhub Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The variable intake valve lift on cylinder 6 does not reach the commanded position within tolerance. Mechanism wear or actuator force degraded.",
        "de": "Der variable Einlassventilhub auf Zylinder 6 erreicht nicht die angeforderte Position innerhalb der Toleranz. Mechanik-Verschleiß oder nachgelassene Aktuatorkraft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_lift_actuator_cyl_6",
        "vvt_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mechanism_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Variable lift mechanism worn",
            "de": "Variabel-Hub-Mechanik verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure to actuator low",
            "de": "Öldruck zum Aktuator niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DF0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Lift Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Einlassventilhub Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The variable intake valve lift system reports range/performance fault on bank 1. Multiple cylinders or system-wide deviation.",
        "de": "Das variable Einlassventilhub-System meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Fehler auf Bank 1. Mehrere Zylinder oder system-weite Abweichung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_lift_system",
        "vvt_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "system_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "System-wide mechanism wear",
            "de": "System-weiter Mechanik-Verschleiß"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil pressure low",
            "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DF1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Lift Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Einlassventilhub Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The variable intake valve lift system reports range/performance fault on bank 2. Multiple cylinders or system-wide deviation.",
        "de": "Das variable Einlassventilhub-System meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Fehler auf Bank 2. Mehrere Zylinder oder system-weite Abweichung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_lift_system",
        "vvt_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "system_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "System-wide mechanism wear",
            "de": "System-weiter Mechanik-Verschleiß"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil pressure low",
            "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DF2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intake Valve Lift Range/Performance System",
        "de": "Einlassventilhub Bereich/Leistung System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The variable intake valve lift system reports range/performance fault on system. Multiple cylinders or system-wide deviation.",
        "de": "Das variable Einlassventilhub-System meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Fehler auf System. Mehrere Zylinder oder system-weite Abweichung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_valve_lift_system",
        "vvt_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "system_wear",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "System-wide mechanism wear",
            "de": "System-weiter Mechanik-Verschleiß"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil pressure low",
            "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          600,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          14
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VTEC"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DF3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Disconnect Clutch Actuator Position Not Learned",
        "de": "Motor-Trennkupplung Aktuator-Position nicht angelernt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module has not learned the end-stop calibration for the engine disconnect clutch actuator.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät hat die Endanschlag-Kalibrierung des Aktuators der Motor-Trennkupplung nicht angelernt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adaptation_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Adaptation lost after battery disconnect",
            "de": "Adaption nach Batterieabklemmung verloren"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_replaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator replaced without learn procedure",
            "de": "Aktuator ohne Anlernprozedur ersetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DF4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump E Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe E Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump E reports a control circuit/open condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DF5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump E Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe E Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump E reports a control circuit low condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DF6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump E Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe E Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump E reports a control circuit high condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DF7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump E Overspeed/Air in System",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe E Überdrehzahl/Luft im System"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump E reports a overspeed/air in system condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe E meldet einen Zustand \"Überdrehzahl/Luft im System\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DF8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump E Underspeed",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe E Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump E reports a underspeed condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe E meldet einen Zustand \"Unterdrehzahl\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DF9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump E Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe E festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump E reports a stuck/stalled condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe E meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DFA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump E Supply Voltage Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe E Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Coolant pump E reports a supply voltage circuit condition. Coolant circulation through the affected loop cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Die Kühlmittelpumpe E meldet einen Zustand \"Versorgungsspannungs-Stromkreis\". Die Kühlmittelzirkulation durch den betroffenen Kreislauf kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DFB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Pump E Control Module Overtemperature",
        "de": "Kühlmittelpumpe E Steuermodul Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module of coolant pump E reports junction temperature above the protection threshold.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul der Kühlmittelpumpe E meldet Sperrschicht-Temperatur oberhalb der Schutzschwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_e_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Modul-Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DFC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Coolant Leak Detected",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie Kühlmittelleckage erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid control module detects a coolant leak in the HV battery thermal loop. Coolant level dropping or leak sensor triggered.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Steuergerät erkennt eine Kühlmittelleckage im HV-Batterie-Thermokreislauf. Kühlmittelstand sinkt oder Leck-Sensor ausgelöst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_loop",
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_level_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fitting_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant fitting loose or cracked",
            "de": "Kühlmittel-Verschraubung lose oder gerissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hose_split",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant hose split",
            "de": "Kühlmittelschlauch gerissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2DFD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "EVAP System Purge Pump Performance",
        "de": "EVAP-System Spülpumpe Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The EVAP purge pump does not produce the expected flow during purge cycles. Pump aging, restricted line, or canister loaded.",
        "de": "Die EVAP-Spülpumpe liefert während der Spülzyklen nicht den erwarteten Volumenstrom. Pumpen-Alterung, eingeengte Leitung oder beladener Aktivkohlekanister."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_pump",
        "evap_canister"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded",
            "de": "Pumpenleistung nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "canister_loaded",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Canister saturated with hydrocarbons",
            "de": "Kanister mit Kohlenwasserstoffen gesättigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E00",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor A Circuit",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor A Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor A reports a circuit fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E01",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor A Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor A reports a range/performance fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E02",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor A Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor A reports a circuit low fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E03",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor A Circuit High",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor A Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor A reports a circuit high fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_a",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E04",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor B reports a circuit fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E05",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor B reports a range/performance fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E06",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor B Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor B reports a circuit low fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E07",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor B Circuit High",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor B Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor B reports a circuit high fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor B meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E08",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor C Circuit",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor C Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor C reports a circuit fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E09",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor C Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor C reports a range/performance fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor C meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E0A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor C Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor C reports a circuit low fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E0B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor C Circuit High",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor C Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor C reports a circuit high fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor C meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E0C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor D Circuit",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor D Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor D reports a circuit fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor D meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E0D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor D Range/Performance",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor D Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor D reports a range/performance fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor D meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E0E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor D Circuit Low",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor D Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor D reports a circuit low fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor D meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E0F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Lever Position Sensor D Circuit High",
        "de": "Wählhebel-Positionssensor D Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The gear lever position sensor D reports a circuit high fault. Selector position cannot be measured reliably.",
        "de": "Der Wählhebel-Positionssensor D meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Wählhebel-Position kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_lever_position_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E10",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Selection Actuator Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the gear selection actuator position sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Gangwahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_selection_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E11",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Selection Actuator Position Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the gear selection actuator position sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Gangwahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_selection_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E12",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Selection Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the gear selection actuator position sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Gangwahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_selection_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E13",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Selection Actuator Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the gear selection actuator position sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Gangwahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_selection_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E14",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gear Selection Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Gangwahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the gear selection actuator position sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Gangwahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_selection_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E15",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Selection Actuator Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Wahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the intermediate shaft selection actuator position sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Zwischenwellen-Wahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_selection_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E16",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Selection Actuator Position Sensor Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Wahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the intermediate shaft selection actuator position sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Zwischenwellen-Wahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_selection_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E17",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Selection Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Wahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the intermediate shaft selection actuator position sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Zwischenwellen-Wahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_selection_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E18",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Selection Actuator Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Wahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the intermediate shaft selection actuator position sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Zwischenwellen-Wahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_selection_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E19",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Intermediate Shaft Selection Actuator Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Zwischenwellen-Wahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the intermediate shaft selection actuator position sensor. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Zwischenwellen-Wahl-Aktuator-Positionssensor. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intermediate_shaft_selection_actuator_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "tcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E1A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Inverter Voltage Sensor A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Wechselrichter-Spannungssensor A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A inverter voltage sensors A and B do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance.",
        "de": "Die Wechselrichter-Spannungssensoren A und B des Antriebsmotors A korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_a",
        "drive_motor_a_inverter_voltage_sensor_b",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Ein Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between sensors",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Sensoren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E1B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase X Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase X Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase X reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase X des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E1C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase X Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase X Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase X reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase X des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E1D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase X Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase X Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase X reports a circuit low fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase X des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E1E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase X Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase X Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase X reports a circuit high fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase X des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E1F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase Y Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase Y Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase Y reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Y des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E20",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase Y Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase Y Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase Y reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Y des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E21",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase Y Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase Y Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase Y reports a circuit low fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Y des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E22",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase Y Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase Y Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase Y reports a circuit high fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Y des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E23",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase Z Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase Z Stromsensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase Z reports a circuit fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Z des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_z_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E24",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase Z Current Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase Z Stromsensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase Z reports a circuit range/performance fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Z des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_z_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E25",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase Z Current Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase Z Stromsensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase Z reports a circuit low fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Z des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_z_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E26",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase Z Current Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase Z Stromsensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The current sensor for drive motor A phase Z reports a circuit high fault. Phase current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromsensor für Phase Z des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Phasen-Strommessung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_z_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Current sensor failed",
            "de": "Stromsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E27",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Phase X-Y-Z Current Sensor Correlation",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Phase X-Y-Z Stromsensor Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The phase X, Y, and Z current sensors of drive motor A do not correlate within the calibrated tolerance. Sum of phase currents should be near zero.",
        "de": "Die Phasen-X-, Y- und Z-Stromsensoren des Antriebsmotors A korrelieren nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Toleranz. Die Summe der Phasenströme sollte nahe Null sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_phase_x_current_sensor",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_y_current_sensor",
        "drive_motor_a_phase_z_current_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_offset",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Ein Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_offset",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground offset between sensors",
            "de": "Massenversatz zwischen Sensoren"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E28",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Excitation Current Sensor Performance",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Erregerstrom-Sensor Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A excitation current sensor reports a fault. Field excitation cannot be measured or controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Erregerstrom des Antriebsmotors A Sensor meldet einen Fehler. Die Felderregung kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen oder geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_excitation_circuit",
        "drive_motor_a",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E29",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Excitation Current Sensor Circuit Low Voltage",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Erregerstrom-Sensor Stromkreis niedrige Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A excitation current sensor reports a fault. Field excitation cannot be measured or controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Erregerstrom des Antriebsmotors A Sensor meldet einen Fehler. Die Felderregung kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen oder geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_excitation_circuit",
        "drive_motor_a",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E2A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Excitation Current Sensor Circuit High Voltage",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Erregerstrom-Sensor Stromkreis hohe Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A excitation current sensor reports a fault. Field excitation cannot be measured or controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Erregerstrom des Antriebsmotors A Sensor meldet einen Fehler. Die Felderregung kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen oder geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_excitation_circuit",
        "drive_motor_a",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sense wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Mess-Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E2B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Excitation Current Too High",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Erregerstrom zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A excitation current exceeds the calibrated maximum. Field excitation cannot be measured or controlled reliably.",
        "de": "Der Erregerstrom des Antriebsmotors A überschreitet das kalibrierte Maximum. Die Felderregung kann nicht zuverlässig gemessen oder geregelt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_excitation_circuit",
        "drive_motor_a",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "winding_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excitation winding short",
            "de": "Erregerwicklung-Kurzschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "driver_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver fault",
            "de": "Endstufen-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E2C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Module Supply Voltage Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Modul-Versorgungsspannung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to battery charger A control module is performance. Charger may not start or operate reliably.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des Steuermoduls des Batterieladers A ist Verhalten. Der Lader startet oder arbeitet möglicherweise nicht zuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply voltage drifted",
            "de": "Modul-Versorgungsspannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E2D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Module Supply Voltage Low",
        "de": "Batterielader A Modul-Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to battery charger A control module is low. Charger may not start or operate reliably.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des Steuermoduls des Batterieladers A ist niedrig. Der Lader startet oder arbeitet möglicherweise nicht zuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Modul-Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E2E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Module Supply Voltage High",
        "de": "Batterielader A Modul-Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to battery charger A control module is high. Charger may not start or operate reliably.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des Steuermoduls des Batterieladers A ist hoch. Der Lader startet oder arbeitet möglicherweise nicht zuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Überspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E2F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Module Supply Voltage Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Modul-Versorgungsspannung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to battery charger B control module is performance. Charger may not start or operate reliably.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des Steuermoduls des Batterieladers B ist Verhalten. Der Lader startet oder arbeitet möglicherweise nicht zuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply voltage drifted",
            "de": "Modul-Versorgungsspannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E30",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Module Supply Voltage Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Modul-Versorgungsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to battery charger B control module is low. Charger may not start or operate reliably.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des Steuermoduls des Batterieladers B ist niedrig. Der Lader startet oder arbeitet möglicherweise nicht zuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Modul-Versorgungssicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E31",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Module Supply Voltage High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Modul-Versorgungsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The supply voltage to battery charger B control module is high. Charger may not start or operate reliably.",
        "de": "Die Versorgungsspannung des Steuermoduls des Batterieladers B ist hoch. Der Lader startet oder arbeitet möglicherweise nicht zuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_control_module",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "alt_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator overvoltage",
            "de": "Generator-Überspannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E32",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Module Forced Shutdown Voltage Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Modul Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The forced shutdown voltage feedback of battery charger A is performance. Safety shutdown line may be compromised.",
        "de": "Die Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannungs-Rückmeldung des Batterieladers A ist Verhalten. Die Sicherheits-Abschaltleitung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_shutdown_circuit",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shutdown_wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Forced shutdown wire fault",
            "de": "Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Leitung-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module shutdown circuit fault",
            "de": "Modul-Abschaltkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E33",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Module Forced Shutdown Voltage Low",
        "de": "Batterielader A Modul Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The forced shutdown voltage feedback of battery charger A is low. Safety shutdown line may be compromised.",
        "de": "Die Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannungs-Rückmeldung des Batterieladers A ist niedrig. Die Sicherheits-Abschaltleitung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_shutdown_circuit",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shutdown_wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Forced shutdown wire fault",
            "de": "Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Leitung-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module shutdown circuit fault",
            "de": "Modul-Abschaltkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E34",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Module Forced Shutdown Voltage High",
        "de": "Batterielader A Modul Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The forced shutdown voltage feedback of battery charger A is high. Safety shutdown line may be compromised.",
        "de": "Die Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannungs-Rückmeldung des Batterieladers A ist hoch. Die Sicherheits-Abschaltleitung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_shutdown_circuit",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shutdown_wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Forced shutdown wire fault",
            "de": "Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Leitung-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module shutdown circuit fault",
            "de": "Modul-Abschaltkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E35",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Enable Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Batterielader B Aktivierungs-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger B reports a enable circuit/open condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader B meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis offen\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in enable wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Aktivierungs-Leitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Enable switch failed",
            "de": "Aktivierungs-Schalter defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E36",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Enable Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Aktivierungs-Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger B reports a enable circuit low condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader B meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis niedrig\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal wire short",
            "de": "Interner Leitungs-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E37",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Enable Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Aktivierungs-Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger B reports a enable circuit high condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader B meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis hoch\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pull_down_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E38",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Enable Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Aktivierungs-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger B reports a enable circuit range/performance condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader B meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "voltage_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Enable voltage drifted",
            "de": "Aktivierungs-Spannung driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E39",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Fuse",
        "de": "Batterielader B Sicherung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger B reports a fuse condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader B meldet einen Zustand \"Sicherung\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fuse_blown",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charger main fuse blown",
            "de": "Lader-Hauptsicherung durchgebrannt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_circuit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short circuit",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E3A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Output Voltage Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Ausgangsspannung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger B reports a output voltage performance condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader B meldet einen Zustand \"Ausgangsspannung Verhalten\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output regulator drifted",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Regler driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load mismatch",
            "de": "Last-Fehlanpassung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E3B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Output Voltage Too Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Ausgangsspannung zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger B reports a output voltage too low condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader B meldet einen Zustand \"Ausgangsspannung zu niedrig\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output regulator low",
            "de": "Ausgangs-Regler zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_loss",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased internal loss",
            "de": "Erhöhte interne Verluste"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E3C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Output Current Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Ausgangsstrom Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger B reports a output current performance condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader B meldet einen Zustand \"Ausgangsstrom Verhalten\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "current_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Output current characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Ausgangsstrom-Kennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "load_change",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Load impedance changed",
            "de": "Last-Impedanz verändert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E3D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Output Shorted",
        "de": "Batterielader B Ausgang kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Battery charger B reports a output shorted condition. HV charging operation may be impaired.",
        "de": "Der Batterielader B meldet einen Zustand \"Ausgang kurzgeschlossen\". Der HV-Ladebetrieb kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "downstream_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Downstream short circuit",
            "de": "Kurzschluss stromabwärts"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal short in charger output",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Lader-Ausgang"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E3E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Module Forced Shutdown Voltage Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Modul Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The forced shutdown voltage feedback of battery charger B is performance. Safety shutdown line may be compromised.",
        "de": "Die Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannungs-Rückmeldung des Batterieladers B ist Verhalten. Die Sicherheits-Abschaltleitung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_shutdown_circuit",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shutdown_wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Forced shutdown wire fault",
            "de": "Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Leitung-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module shutdown circuit fault",
            "de": "Modul-Abschaltkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E3F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Module Forced Shutdown Voltage Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Modul Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The forced shutdown voltage feedback of battery charger B is low. Safety shutdown line may be compromised.",
        "de": "Die Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannungs-Rückmeldung des Batterieladers B ist niedrig. Die Sicherheits-Abschaltleitung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_shutdown_circuit",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shutdown_wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Forced shutdown wire fault",
            "de": "Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Leitung-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module shutdown circuit fault",
            "de": "Modul-Abschaltkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E40",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Module Forced Shutdown Voltage High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Modul Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The forced shutdown voltage feedback of battery charger B is high. Safety shutdown line may be compromised.",
        "de": "Die Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Spannungs-Rückmeldung des Batterieladers B ist hoch. Die Sicherheits-Abschaltleitung kann beeinträchtigt sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_shutdown_circuit",
        "wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shutdown_wire_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Forced shutdown wire fault",
            "de": "Erzwungene-Abschaltung-Leitung-Fehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_internal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module shutdown circuit fault",
            "de": "Modul-Abschaltkreis-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E41",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump B Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump B reports a control circuit/open condition. Power electronics cooling on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air or coolant level issue",
            "de": "Luft- oder Kühlmittelstand-Problem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E42",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump B Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump B reports a performance condition. Power electronics cooling on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air or coolant level issue",
            "de": "Luft- oder Kühlmittelstand-Problem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E43",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump B Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump B reports a control circuit low condition. Power electronics cooling on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air or coolant level issue",
            "de": "Luft- oder Kühlmittelstand-Problem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E44",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump B Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump B reports a control circuit high condition. Power electronics cooling on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air or coolant level issue",
            "de": "Luft- oder Kühlmittelstand-Problem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E45",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump B Enable Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Aktivierungs-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump B reports a enable circuit condition. Power electronics cooling on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Aktivierungs-Stromkreis\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air or coolant level issue",
            "de": "Luft- oder Kühlmittelstand-Problem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E46",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump B Overspeed - Dry Run",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Überdrehzahl - Trockenlauf"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump B reports a overspeed - dry run condition. Power electronics cooling on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Überdrehzahl - Trockenlauf\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air or coolant level issue",
            "de": "Luft- oder Kühlmittelstand-Problem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E47",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump B Underspeed",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Unterdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump B reports a underspeed condition. Power electronics cooling on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Unterdrehzahl\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air or coolant level issue",
            "de": "Luft- oder Kühlmittelstand-Problem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E48",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump B Overspeed",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump B reports a overspeed condition. Power electronics cooling on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"Überdrehzahl\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air or coolant level issue",
            "de": "Luft- oder Kühlmittelstand-Problem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E49",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump B Stuck/Stalled",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B festsitzend/blockiert"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump B reports a stuck/stalled condition. Power electronics cooling on this branch is impaired.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/blockiert\". Die Leistungselektronik-Kühlung auf diesem Zweig ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "power_electronics_coolant_loop"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump motor or driver fault",
            "de": "Pumpenmotor oder Endstufe defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_air",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air or coolant level issue",
            "de": "Luft- oder Kühlmittelstand-Problem"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E4A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E4B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E4C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E4D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor C Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E4E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature C Too High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatur C zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coupler C temperature exceeds the safety threshold during charging. Contact resistance increased or charging current too high.",
        "de": "Die Kopplungs-C-Temperatur überschreitet die Sicherheitsschwelle während des Ladens. Kontaktwiderstand erhöht oder Ladestrom zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coupler contacts oxidised - high resistance",
            "de": "Kopplungskontakte oxidiert - hoher Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "current_too_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging current above coupler rating",
            "de": "Ladestrom über Kopplungs-Nennwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E4F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E50",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor D Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E51",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E52",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the battery charger coupler temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatursensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E53",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger Coupler Temperature D Too High",
        "de": "Batterielade-Kopplungs-Temperatur D zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The coupler D temperature exceeds the safety threshold during charging. Contact resistance increased or charging current too high.",
        "de": "Die Kopplungs-D-Temperatur überschreitet die Sicherheitsschwelle während des Ladens. Kontaktwiderstand erhöht oder Ladestrom zu hoch."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_coupler_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "contact_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coupler contacts oxidised - high resistance",
            "de": "Kopplungskontakte oxidiert - hoher Widerstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "current_too_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charging current above coupler rating",
            "de": "Ladestrom über Kopplungs-Nennwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E54",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor C Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Sensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the exhaust pressure sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Abgasdruck-Sensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E55",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Sensor C Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the exhaust pressure sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Abgasdruck-Sensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E56",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor C Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Sensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the exhaust pressure sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Abgasdruck-Sensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E57",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Pressure Sensor C Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Abgasdruck-Sensor C Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the exhaust pressure sensor c circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Abgasdruck-Sensor C Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_c",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E58",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Aussetzer zufällig/mehrere Zylinder erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Random or multiple cylinder misfire detected during alternative fuel operation. System-wide fueling or ignition issue.",
        "de": "Zufällige oder mehrfache Zylinder-Aussetzer bei Alternativkraftstoff-Betrieb erkannt. System-weites Kraftstoff- oder Zündungs-Problem."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injectors",
        "alt_fuel_rail",
        "ignition_coils"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or weak",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality off-spec",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität außer Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E59",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Alternative Fuel Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Alternativkraftstoff-Aussetzer erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfire detected on cylinder 1 during alternative fuel operation. Specific to bi-fuel CNG/LPG operation.",
        "de": "Aussetzer auf Zylinder 1 bei Alternativkraftstoff-Betrieb erkannt. Spezifisch für Bi-Fuel-CNG/LPG-Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injector_cyl_1",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or weak",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality off-spec",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität außer Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E5A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Alternative Fuel Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Alternativkraftstoff-Aussetzer erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfire detected on cylinder 2 during alternative fuel operation. Specific to bi-fuel CNG/LPG operation.",
        "de": "Aussetzer auf Zylinder 2 bei Alternativkraftstoff-Betrieb erkannt. Spezifisch für Bi-Fuel-CNG/LPG-Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injector_cyl_2",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or weak",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality off-spec",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität außer Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E5B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Alternative Fuel Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Alternativkraftstoff-Aussetzer erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfire detected on cylinder 3 during alternative fuel operation. Specific to bi-fuel CNG/LPG operation.",
        "de": "Aussetzer auf Zylinder 3 bei Alternativkraftstoff-Betrieb erkannt. Spezifisch für Bi-Fuel-CNG/LPG-Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injector_cyl_3",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_3"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or weak",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality off-spec",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität außer Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E5C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Alternative Fuel Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Alternativkraftstoff-Aussetzer erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfire detected on cylinder 4 during alternative fuel operation. Specific to bi-fuel CNG/LPG operation.",
        "de": "Aussetzer auf Zylinder 4 bei Alternativkraftstoff-Betrieb erkannt. Spezifisch für Bi-Fuel-CNG/LPG-Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injector_cyl_4",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_4"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or weak",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality off-spec",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität außer Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E5D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Alternative Fuel Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Alternativkraftstoff-Aussetzer erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfire detected on cylinder 5 during alternative fuel operation. Specific to bi-fuel CNG/LPG operation.",
        "de": "Aussetzer auf Zylinder 5 bei Alternativkraftstoff-Betrieb erkannt. Spezifisch für Bi-Fuel-CNG/LPG-Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injector_cyl_5",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_5"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or weak",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality off-spec",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität außer Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E5E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Alternative Fuel Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Alternativkraftstoff-Aussetzer erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfire detected on cylinder 6 during alternative fuel operation. Specific to bi-fuel CNG/LPG operation.",
        "de": "Aussetzer auf Zylinder 6 bei Alternativkraftstoff-Betrieb erkannt. Spezifisch für Bi-Fuel-CNG/LPG-Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injector_cyl_6",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_6"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or weak",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality off-spec",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität außer Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E5F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Alternative Fuel Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Alternativkraftstoff-Aussetzer erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfire detected on cylinder 7 during alternative fuel operation. Specific to bi-fuel CNG/LPG operation.",
        "de": "Aussetzer auf Zylinder 7 bei Alternativkraftstoff-Betrieb erkannt. Spezifisch für Bi-Fuel-CNG/LPG-Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injector_cyl_7",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_7"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or weak",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality off-spec",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität außer Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E60",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Alternative Fuel Misfire Detected",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Alternativkraftstoff-Aussetzer erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfire detected on cylinder 8 during alternative fuel operation. Specific to bi-fuel CNG/LPG operation.",
        "de": "Aussetzer auf Zylinder 8 bei Alternativkraftstoff-Betrieb erkannt. Spezifisch für Bi-Fuel-CNG/LPG-Betrieb."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injector_cyl_8",
        "ignition_coil_cyl_8"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector clogged or weak",
            "de": "Injektor verstopft oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_quality",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel quality off-spec",
            "de": "Kraftstoffqualität außer Spezifikation"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E61",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Alternative Fuel Misfire Detected With Low Fuel",
        "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Aussetzer bei niedrigem Tankstand erkannt"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Misfire detected during alternative fuel operation with low tank level. Possible fuel starvation or pressure regulation off.",
        "de": "Aussetzer bei Alternativkraftstoff-Betrieb mit niedrigem Tankstand erkannt. Mögliche Kraftstoffmangel oder Druckregelung versetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_injectors",
        "alt_fuel_rail",
        "ignition_coils"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tank_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alt fuel tank near empty",
            "de": "Alternativkraftstoff-Tank nahezu leer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_unstable",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulation unstable at low level",
            "de": "Druckregelung bei niedrigem Stand instabil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misfire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E62",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve E Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant bypass valve E reports a control circuit/open condition. Coolant routing on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis offen\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in valve control wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Ventil-Steuerleitung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve actuator",
            "de": "Offener Ventil-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E63",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve E Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant bypass valve E reports a control circuit low condition. Coolant routing on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis niedrig\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal actuator short",
            "de": "Interner Aktuator-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E64",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve E Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant bypass valve E reports a control circuit high condition. Coolant routing on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis hoch\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Leitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open valve actuator",
            "de": "Offener Ventil-Aktuator"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E65",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve E Stuck/Open",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E festsitzend/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant bypass valve E reports a stuck/open condition. Coolant routing on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E meldet einen Zustand \"festsitzend/offen\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck in open position",
            "de": "Ventil in Offen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "spring_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Return spring failed",
            "de": "Rückstellfeder defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E66",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve E Range/Performance",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant bypass valve E reports a range/performance condition. Coolant routing on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E meldet einen Zustand \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve response sluggish",
            "de": "Ventil reagiert träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_friction",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Increased friction in linkage",
            "de": "Erhöhte Reibung im Gestänge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E67",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Engine Coolant Bypass Valve E Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine coolant bypass valve E reports a stuck closed condition. Coolant routing on this branch cannot be commanded reliably.",
        "de": "Das Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil E meldet einen Zustand \"geschlossen festsitzend\". Die Kühlmittel-Führung auf diesem Zweig kann nicht zuverlässig angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_e",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck in closed position",
            "de": "Ventil in Geschlossen-Position festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "debris_jammed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Debris jammed in valve",
            "de": "Schmutzpartikel im Ventil verklemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E68",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Lean During Cylinder Deactivation Bank 1",
        "de": "System zu mager bei Zylinderdeaktivierung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cylinder deactivation on bank 1, the fuel trim of the active cylinders runs persistently lean. Indicates unmetered air ingress or fuel delivery shortfall.",
        "de": "Bei Zylinderdeaktivierung auf Bank 1 läuft der Kraftstofftrimm der aktiven Zylinder anhaltend mager. Deutet auf unbemessenen Lufteintritt oder Kraftstoff-Mangellieferung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "deactivation_solenoids",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak unmasked during deactivation",
            "de": "Unterdruckleck wird bei Deaktivierung sichtbar"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E69",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Rich During Cylinder Deactivation Bank 1",
        "de": "System zu fett bei Zylinderdeaktivierung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cylinder deactivation on bank 1, the fuel trim of the active cylinders runs persistently rich. Indicates excess fuel delivery or injector leakage.",
        "de": "Bei Zylinderdeaktivierung auf Bank 1 läuft der Kraftstofftrimm der aktiven Zylinder anhaltend fett. Deutet auf übermäßige Kraftstoffzufuhr oder Injektor-Leckage hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "deactivation_solenoids",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leak on active cylinders",
            "de": "Injektor-Leckage an aktiven Zylindern"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deactivation_partial",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation partial - residual combustion",
            "de": "Deaktivierung unvollständig - Rest-Verbrennung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E6A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Lean During Cylinder Deactivation Bank 2",
        "de": "System zu mager bei Zylinderdeaktivierung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cylinder deactivation on bank 2, the fuel trim of the active cylinders runs persistently lean. Indicates unmetered air ingress or fuel delivery shortfall.",
        "de": "Bei Zylinderdeaktivierung auf Bank 2 läuft der Kraftstofftrimm der aktiven Zylinder anhaltend mager. Deutet auf unbemessenen Lufteintritt oder Kraftstoff-Mangellieferung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "deactivation_solenoids",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vacuum_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vacuum leak unmasked during deactivation",
            "de": "Unterdruckleck wird bei Deaktivierung sichtbar"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "fuel_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel rail pressure low",
            "de": "Verteilerleisten-Druck niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E6B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "System Too Rich During Cylinder Deactivation Bank 2",
        "de": "System zu fett bei Zylinderdeaktivierung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cylinder deactivation on bank 2, the fuel trim of the active cylinders runs persistently rich. Indicates excess fuel delivery or injector leakage.",
        "de": "Bei Zylinderdeaktivierung auf Bank 2 läuft der Kraftstofftrimm der aktiven Zylinder anhaltend fett. Deutet auf übermäßige Kraftstoffzufuhr oder Injektor-Leckage hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "deactivation_solenoids",
        "intake_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leak on active cylinders",
            "de": "Injektor-Leckage an aktiven Zylindern"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deactivation_partial",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation partial - residual combustion",
            "de": "Deaktivierung unvollständig - Rest-Verbrennung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E6C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack A Cell Thickness",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket A Zelldicke"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects abnormal cell thickness in HV battery pack A. Cell swelling indicates aging, thermal stress, or imminent failure.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine abnormale Zelldicke im HV-Batteriepaket A. Zellquellen deutet auf Alterung, thermische Belastung oder bevorstehenden Ausfall hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_a",
        "hybrid_battery_pack_a_thickness_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged - swelling",
            "de": "Zellen gealtert - quellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal stress damaged cells",
            "de": "Thermische Belastung beschädigt Zellen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E6D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack A Cell Thickness Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket A Zelldicke-Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell thickness sensor of HV battery pack A reports voltage above the expected window.",
        "de": "Der Zelldicke-Sensor des HV-Batteriepakets A meldet eine Spannung über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_a",
        "hybrid_battery_pack_a_thickness_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E6E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack A Cell Thickness Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket A Zelldicke-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell thickness sensor of HV battery pack A reports voltage below the expected window.",
        "de": "Der Zelldicke-Sensor des HV-Batteriepakets A meldet eine Spannung unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_a",
        "hybrid_battery_pack_a_thickness_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E6F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack A Cell Thickness Sensor Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket A Zelldicke-Sensor Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell thickness sensor of HV battery pack A signal does not match plausibility checks.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Zelldicke-Sensors des HV-Batteriepakets A stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_a",
        "hybrid_battery_pack_a_thickness_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E70",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack B Cell Thickness",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket B Zelldicke"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BMS detects abnormal cell thickness in HV battery pack B. Cell swelling indicates aging, thermal stress, or imminent failure.",
        "de": "Das BMS erkennt eine abnormale Zelldicke im HV-Batteriepaket B. Zellquellen deutet auf Alterung, thermische Belastung oder bevorstehenden Ausfall hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_b",
        "hybrid_battery_pack_b_thickness_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cell_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cells aged - swelling",
            "de": "Zellen gealtert - quellen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "thermal_stress",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Thermal stress damaged cells",
            "de": "Thermische Belastung beschädigt Zellen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E71",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack B Cell Thickness Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket B Zelldicke-Sensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell thickness sensor of HV battery pack B reports voltage above the expected window.",
        "de": "Der Zelldicke-Sensor des HV-Batteriepakets B meldet eine Spannung über dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_b",
        "hybrid_battery_pack_b_thickness_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E72",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack B Cell Thickness Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket B Zelldicke-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell thickness sensor of HV battery pack B reports voltage below the expected window.",
        "de": "Der Zelldicke-Sensor des HV-Batteriepakets B meldet eine Spannung unter dem erwarteten Bereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_b",
        "hybrid_battery_pack_b_thickness_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E73",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack B Cell Thickness Sensor Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket B Zelldicke-Sensor Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cell thickness sensor of HV battery pack B signal does not match plausibility checks.",
        "de": "Das Signal des Zelldicke-Sensors des HV-Batteriepakets B stimmt nicht mit Plausibilitätsprüfungen überein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_pack_b",
        "hybrid_battery_pack_b_thickness_sensor",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor offset drifted",
            "de": "Sensor-Versatz driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          800,
          8000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          4,
          20
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E74",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E75",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor D Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor D Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E76",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E77",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E78",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor D Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor D Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the hybrid/ev battery pack coolant temperature sensor d circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Hybrid/EV-Batteriepaket-Kühlmitteltemperatur-Sensor D Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_battery_coolant_temp_sensor_d",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E79",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump C Performance",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump C does not produce the expected flow. Pump aging or air pocket in loop.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C liefert nicht den erwarteten Volumenstrom. Pumpen-Alterung oder Lufteinschluss im Kreislauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded",
            "de": "Pumpenleistung nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coolant_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coolant level low",
            "de": "Kühlmittelstand zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E7A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump C Overspeed",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV electronics coolant pump C exceeds the calibrated maximum speed. Mechanical load lost or rotor position offset.",
        "de": "Die Hybrid/EV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C überschreitet die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl. Mechanische Last verloren oder Rotorlage-Versatz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_electronics_coolant_pump_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mechanical coupling broken",
            "de": "Mechanische Koppelung gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "air_pocket",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air pocket in coolant loop",
            "de": "Lufteinschluss im Kühlkreislauf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E7B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Drive Motor A Excitation Current Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Antriebsmotor A Erregerstrom-Sensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The drive motor A excitation current sensor circuit reports a generic fault. Field excitation current measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Stromkreis des Erregerstrom-Sensors des Antriebsmotors A meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Felderregerstrom-Messung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_excitation_current_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "hybrid_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excitation current sensor failed",
            "de": "Erregerstrom-Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E7C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor B Circuit",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor B Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the a/c compressor control module internal temperature sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_internal_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E7D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the a/c compressor control module internal temperature sensor b. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor B. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_internal_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E7E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the a/c compressor control module internal temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_internal_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E7F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the a/c compressor control module internal temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_internal_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E80",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A/C Compressor Control Module Internal Temperature Sensor B Circuit Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor B Stromkreis Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit intermittent/erratic fault on the a/c compressor control module internal temperature sensor b circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\" am Klimakompressor-Steuermodul Interner Temperatursensor B Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_cm_internal_temp_sensor_b",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor connector not seated",
            "de": "Sensorstecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ground_noisy",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Noisy ground reference",
            "de": "Verrauschte Masse-Referenz"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E81",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Engine Coolant Bypass Valve D Stuck Closed",
        "de": "Kaltstart Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D geschlossen festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, engine coolant bypass valve D is stuck closed. Coolant cannot flow through the affected branch.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart sitzt das Motorkühlmittel-Bypass-Ventil D geschlossen festsitzend. Kühlmittel kann nicht durch den betroffenen Zweig fließen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_bypass_valve_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck_closed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck closed at cold",
            "de": "Ventil bei Kälte geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy_cold",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator response sluggish at cold",
            "de": "Aktuator-Reaktion bei Kälte träge"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E82",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cold Start Engine Coolant Pump Overspeed",
        "de": "Kaltstart Motorkühlmittelpumpe Überdrehzahl"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "During cold start, the engine coolant pump exceeds the calibrated maximum speed. Indicates load lost or supply voltage too high.",
        "de": "Beim Kaltstart überschreitet die Motorkühlmittelpumpe die kalibrierte Maximaldrehzahl. Deutet auf verlorene Last oder zu hohe Versorgungsspannung hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "load_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump impeller damaged",
            "de": "Pumpenrad beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "supply_voltage_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply voltage above nominal",
            "de": "Versorgungsspannung über Nennwert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pump"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E83",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Fuel Rail Pressure Performance - Engine Off",
        "de": "Kraftstoff-Verteilerleistendruck Verhalten - Motor aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "After engine shutdown, the fuel rail pressure does not maintain the calibrated decay profile. Indicates injector leakage or check valve fault.",
        "de": "Nach Motor-Abschaltung hält der Verteilerleistendruck nicht das kalibrierte Abbau-Profil. Deutet auf Injektor-Leckage oder Rückschlagventil-Fehler hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injectors",
        "fuel_rail",
        "fuel_pressure_check_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "injector_leak",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector leaks after shutdown",
            "de": "Injektor undicht nach Abschaltung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "check_valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Check valve failed",
            "de": "Rückschlagventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pressure_regulator",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E84",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Input Voltage Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Eingangsspannungssensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The input voltage sensor of battery charger B reports a range/performance fault. Mains input voltage measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Eingangsspannungssensor des Batterieladers B meldet einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\". Die Netz-Eingangsspannungs-Messung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_input_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E85",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Input Voltage Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Eingangsspannungssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The input voltage sensor of battery charger B reports a low fault. Mains input voltage measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Eingangsspannungssensor des Batterieladers B meldet einen Fehler \"niedrig\". Die Netz-Eingangsspannungs-Messung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_input_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E86",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Input Voltage Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Eingangsspannungssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The input voltage sensor of battery charger B reports a high fault. Mains input voltage measurement is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Eingangsspannungssensor des Batterieladers B meldet einen Fehler \"hoch\". Die Netz-Eingangsspannungs-Messung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_input_voltage_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E87",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Proximity Detection Circuit B",
        "de": "Annäherungs-Erkennung Stromkreis B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The proximity detection circuit B (SAE J1772 PD signal) reports a circuit condition. Charging cable plug detection is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Annäherungs-Erkennungs-Stromkreis B (SAE-J1772-PD-Signal) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis B\". Die Erkennung des eingesteckten Ladekabels ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "proximity_detection_b",
        "charge_inlet_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inlet_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge inlet contacts dirty",
            "de": "Lade-Eingangskontakte verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E88",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Proximity Detection Circuit B Range/Performance",
        "de": "Annäherungs-Erkennung Stromkreis B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The proximity detection circuit B (SAE J1772 PD signal) reports a range/performance condition. Charging cable plug detection is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Annäherungs-Erkennungs-Stromkreis B (SAE-J1772-PD-Signal) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis B Bereich/Leistung\". Die Erkennung des eingesteckten Ladekabels ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "proximity_detection_b",
        "charge_inlet_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inlet_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge inlet contacts dirty",
            "de": "Lade-Eingangskontakte verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E89",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Proximity Detection Circuit B Low",
        "de": "Annäherungs-Erkennung Stromkreis B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The proximity detection circuit B (SAE J1772 PD signal) reports a low condition. Charging cable plug detection is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Annäherungs-Erkennungs-Stromkreis B (SAE-J1772-PD-Signal) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis B niedrig\". Die Erkennung des eingesteckten Ladekabels ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "proximity_detection_b",
        "charge_inlet_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inlet_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge inlet contacts dirty",
            "de": "Lade-Eingangskontakte verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E8A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Proximity Detection Circuit B High",
        "de": "Annäherungs-Erkennung Stromkreis B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The proximity detection circuit B (SAE J1772 PD signal) reports a high condition. Charging cable plug detection is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Annäherungs-Erkennungs-Stromkreis B (SAE-J1772-PD-Signal) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis B hoch\". Die Erkennung des eingesteckten Ladekabels ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "proximity_detection_b",
        "charge_inlet_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inlet_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge inlet contacts dirty",
            "de": "Lade-Eingangskontakte verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E8B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Proximity Detection Circuit B Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Annäherungs-Erkennung Stromkreis B sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The proximity detection circuit B (SAE J1772 PD signal) reports a intermittent/erratic condition. Charging cable plug detection is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Annäherungs-Erkennungs-Stromkreis B (SAE-J1772-PD-Signal) meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis B sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Erkennung des eingesteckten Ladekabels ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "proximity_detection_b",
        "charge_inlet_b",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "inlet_dirty",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charge inlet contacts dirty",
            "de": "Lade-Eingangskontakte verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E8C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Charge Sequence Signal 1 Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Lade-Sequenz-Signal 1 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge sequence signal 1 circuit of battery charger B reports voltage above the expected window. Charging handshake compromised.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Sequenz-Signal-1-Stromkreis des Batterieladers B meldet eine Spannung über dem erwarteten Bereich. Lade-Handshake beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_charge_seq_signal_1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open_pull_down",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E8D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Charge Sequence Signal 1 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Lade-Sequenz-Signal 1 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge sequence signal 1 circuit of battery charger B reports voltage below the expected window. Charging handshake compromised.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Sequenz-Signal-1-Stromkreis des Batterieladers B meldet eine Spannung unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Lade-Handshake beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_charge_seq_signal_1",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E8E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Charge Sequence Signal 2 Circuit High",
        "de": "Batterielader B Lade-Sequenz-Signal 2 Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge sequence signal 2 circuit of battery charger B reports voltage above the expected window. Charging handshake compromised.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Sequenz-Signal-2-Stromkreis des Batterieladers B meldet eine Spannung über dem erwarteten Bereich. Lade-Handshake beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_charge_seq_signal_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open_pull_down",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pull-down resistor open",
            "de": "Pull-Down-Widerstand offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E8F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Charge Sequence Signal 2 Circuit Low",
        "de": "Batterielader B Lade-Sequenz-Signal 2 Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge sequence signal 2 circuit of battery charger B reports voltage below the expected window. Charging handshake compromised.",
        "de": "Der Lade-Sequenz-Signal-2-Stromkreis des Batterieladers B meldet eine Spannung unter dem erwarteten Bereich. Lade-Handshake beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_charge_seq_signal_2",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wire_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open in signal wire",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der Signalleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E90",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger A Internal Power Supply Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader A Interne Stromversorgung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal low-voltage power supply of battery charger A does not maintain the expected output. Internal regulator drift or overload.",
        "de": "Die interne Niederspannungs-Versorgung des Batterieladers A hält die erwartete Ausgangsspannung nicht. Interner Regler-Drift oder Überlast."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_a_internal_psu"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal regulator drifted",
            "de": "Interner Regler driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal load increased",
            "de": "Interne Last erhöht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E91",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charger B Internal Power Supply Performance",
        "de": "Batterielader B Interne Stromversorgung Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The internal low-voltage power supply of battery charger B does not maintain the expected output. Internal regulator drift or overload.",
        "de": "Die interne Niederspannungs-Versorgung des Batterieladers B hält die erwartete Ausgangsspannung nicht. Interner Regler-Drift oder Überlast."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_b_internal_psu"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal regulator drifted",
            "de": "Interner Regler driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_load",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal load increased",
            "de": "Interne Last erhöht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E92",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Open Request Switch Wake-Up Circuit",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Wake-Up-Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wake-up circuit for the charge port door B open request switch reports a fault. Switch press may not wake the BMS for charge port unlocking.",
        "de": "Der Wake-Up-Stromkreis des Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalters der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Fehler. Der Schalter-Druck weckt das BMS möglicherweise nicht für die Lade-Port-Entriegelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_request_switch",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wake-up switch failed",
            "de": "Wake-Up-Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E93",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Open Request Switch Circuit",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B open request switch reports a circuit condition. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E94",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Open Request Switch Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B open request switch reports a circuit performance condition. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Verhalten\". Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E95",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Open Request Switch Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B open request switch reports a circuit low condition. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E96",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Open Request Switch Circuit High",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B open request switch reports a circuit high condition. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E97",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Open Request Switch Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B open request switch reports a circuit intermittent/erratic condition. Operator request for charge port unlocking is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Öffnungs-Anforderungs-Schalter der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Die Bediener-Anforderung zur Lade-Port-Entriegelung ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_request_switch",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch failed",
            "de": "Schalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E98",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Positionssensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B position sensor reports a circuit condition. Door state cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Der Klappenzustand kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E99",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Position Sensor Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Positionssensor Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B position sensor reports a circuit performance condition. Door state cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Verhalten\". Der Klappenzustand kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E9A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Position Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Positionssensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B position sensor reports a circuit low condition. Door state cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Der Klappenzustand kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E9B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Position Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Positionssensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B position sensor reports a circuit high condition. Door state cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Der Klappenzustand kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E9C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Position Sensor Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Positionssensor Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B position sensor reports a circuit intermittent/erratic condition. Door state cannot be verified reliably.",
        "de": "Der Positionssensor der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis sporadisch/unsauber\". Der Klappenzustand kann nicht zuverlässig geprüft werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_position_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E9D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Unlock Control Circuit",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Entriegelungs-Steuerung Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B unlock control reports a circuit condition. Door cannot be commanded to unlock reliably.",
        "de": "Die Entriegelungs-Steuerung der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis\". Die Klappe kann nicht zuverlässig zur Entriegelung angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unlock actuator failed",
            "de": "Entriegelungs-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E9E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Unlock Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Entriegelungs-Steuerung Stromkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B unlock control reports a circuit performance condition. Door cannot be commanded to unlock reliably.",
        "de": "Die Entriegelungs-Steuerung der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis Verhalten\". Die Klappe kann nicht zuverlässig zur Entriegelung angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unlock actuator failed",
            "de": "Entriegelungs-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2E9F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Unlock Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Entriegelungs-Steuerung Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B unlock control reports a circuit low condition. Door cannot be commanded to unlock reliably.",
        "de": "Die Entriegelungs-Steuerung der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Klappe kann nicht zuverlässig zur Entriegelung angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unlock actuator failed",
            "de": "Entriegelungs-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EA0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Port Door B Unlock Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Lade-Port-Klappe B Entriegelungs-Steuerung Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The charge port door B unlock control reports a circuit high condition. Door cannot be commanded to unlock reliably.",
        "de": "Die Entriegelungs-Steuerung der Lade-Port-Klappe B meldet einen Zustand \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Klappe kann nicht zuverlässig zur Entriegelung angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "charge_port_door_b_unlock_actuator",
        "wiring_harness",
        "bms"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Unlock actuator failed",
            "de": "Entriegelungs-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EA1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 6",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis Bank 1 Sonde 6"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust gas temperature sensor on bank 1 sensor 6 reports a circuit fault. EGT measurement at this position is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Abgastemperatur-Sensor an Bank 1 Sonde 6 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\". Die EGT-Messung an dieser Position ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temp_sensor_b1_s6",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EA2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 1 Sensor 6",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis hoch Bank 1 Sonde 6"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust gas temperature sensor on bank 1 sensor 6 reports a circuit high fault. EGT measurement at this position is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Abgastemperatur-Sensor an Bank 1 Sonde 6 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die EGT-Messung an dieser Position ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temp_sensor_b1_s6",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EA3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1 Sensor 6",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis niedrig Bank 1 Sonde 6"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust gas temperature sensor on bank 1 sensor 6 reports a circuit low fault. EGT measurement at this position is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Abgastemperatur-Sensor an Bank 1 Sonde 6 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die EGT-Messung an dieser Position ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temp_sensor_b1_s6",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EA5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Sensor 6",
        "de": "Abgastemperatur-Sensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung Bank 1 Sonde 6"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust gas temperature sensor on bank 1 sensor 6 reports a circuit range/performance fault. EGT measurement at this position is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Abgastemperatur-Sensor an Bank 1 Sonde 6 meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die EGT-Messung an dieser Position ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_temp_sensor_b1_s6",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EA6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Turbolader-Verdichter-Auslass-Temperatursensor Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The temperature sensor at the turbocharger compressor outlet reports a generic fault. Charge air temperature post-compressor is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Temperatursensor am Verdichter-Auslass des Turboladers meldet einen allgemeinen Fehler. Die Ladelufttemperatur nach dem Verdichter ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_compressor_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EA7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter A Input Voltage Too Low",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler A Eingangsspannung zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/AC converter A reports a \"input voltage too low\" condition. AC output for vehicle 12V loads is impaired.",
        "de": "Der DC/AC-Wandler A meldet einen Zustand \"Eingangsspannung zu niedrig\". Der AC-Ausgang für 12V-Verbraucher ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcac_converter_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "input_collapse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Input voltage rail collapsed",
            "de": "Eingangsspannung bricht ein"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungsfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EA8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter A Input Voltage Too High",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler A Eingangsspannung zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/AC converter A reports a \"input voltage too high\" condition. AC output for vehicle 12V loads is impaired.",
        "de": "Der DC/AC-Wandler A meldet einen Zustand \"Eingangsspannung zu hoch\". Der AC-Ausgang für 12V-Verbraucher ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcac_converter_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "regulator_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Upstream regulator overvoltage",
            "de": "Stromaufwärtiger Regler-Überschwinger"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to higher rail",
            "de": "Leitung mit höherem Pfad kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EA9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "DC/AC Converter A Over Temperature",
        "de": "DC/AC-Wandler A Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The DC/AC converter A reports a \"over temperature\" condition. AC output for vehicle 12V loads is impaired.",
        "de": "Der DC/AC-Wandler A meldet einen Zustand \"Übertemperatur\". Der AC-Ausgang für 12V-Verbraucher ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcac_converter_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cooling_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cooling path blocked",
            "de": "Kühlpfad blockiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EAA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Radiator Air Flow Control Module A Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Aktive Kühler-Luftstrom-Steuerung Modul A Steuerkreis Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active radiator air flow control module A reports a control circuit performance condition. Active grille shutter operation is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Modul A der aktiven Kühler-Luftstrom-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"Steuerkreis Verhalten\". Der Betrieb der aktiven Kühlergrillklappe ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_radiator_airflow_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_response",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module response slower than calibrated",
            "de": "Modul-Reaktion langsamer als kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "High-resistance contact",
            "de": "Hochohmiger Kontakt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EAB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Radiator Air Flow Control Module A Over Temperature",
        "de": "Aktive Kühler-Luftstrom-Steuerung Modul A Übertemperatur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active radiator air flow control module A reports a over temperature condition. Active grille shutter operation is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Modul A der aktiven Kühler-Luftstrom-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"Übertemperatur\". Der Betrieb der aktiven Kühlergrillklappe ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_radiator_airflow_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sustained_load",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sustained module load",
            "de": "Anhaltende Modul-Last"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ambient_high",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ambient temperature too high",
            "de": "Umgebungstemperatur zu hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EAC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Active Radiator Air Flow Control Module A Performance",
        "de": "Aktive Kühler-Luftstrom-Steuerung Modul A Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active radiator air flow control module A reports a performance condition. Active grille shutter operation is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Modul A der aktiven Kühler-Luftstrom-Steuerung meldet einen Zustand \"Verhalten\". Der Betrieb der aktiven Kühlergrillklappe ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_radiator_airflow_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_lazy",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shutter actuator lazy",
            "de": "Klappen-Aktuator träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "linkage_iced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Linkage iced",
            "de": "Gestänge vereist"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EAD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Metering Unit 2 Performance",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit 2 Verhalten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant metering unit 2 does not deliver the expected DEF/AdBlue dosing within the calibrated profile. Pump aging or pressure regulator drift.",
        "de": "Die Reduktionsmittel-Dosiereinheit 2 liefert nicht die erwartete DEF/AdBlue-Dosierung im kalibrierten Profil. Pumpen-Alterung oder Druckregler-Drift."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_metering_unit_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pump_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pump output degraded",
            "de": "Pumpenleistung nachgelassen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure regulator drifted",
            "de": "Druckregler driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EAE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1 Unit 2",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung Bank 1 Einheit 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant injection valve on bank 1 unit 2 reports a range/performance fault. Dosing accuracy on this unit is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil auf Bank 1 Einheit 2 meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Fehler. Die Dosier-Genauigkeit dieser Einheit ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve_b1_u2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injection valve partially clogged",
            "de": "Einspritzventil teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EAF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Stuck Closed Bank 1 Unit 2",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil geschlossen festsitzend Bank 1 Einheit 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant injection valve on bank 1 unit 2 is stuck closed. No DEF/AdBlue can be dosed on this unit.",
        "de": "Das Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil auf Bank 1 Einheit 2 sitzt geschlossen festsitzend. An dieser Einheit kann kein DEF/AdBlue dosiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve_b1_u2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve mechanically seized closed",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch geschlossen festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "crystallization",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "DEF crystallization blocks valve",
            "de": "DEF-Kristallisation blockiert Ventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EB0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Valve Intake Air Pressure Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-Ansaugluftdruck-Sensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the throttle valve intake air pressure sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Drosselklappen-Ansaugluftdruck-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_valve_intake_air_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EB1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Valve Intake Air Pressure Sensor Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-Ansaugluftdruck-Sensor Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the throttle valve intake air pressure sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Drosselklappen-Ansaugluftdruck-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_valve_intake_air_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EB2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Valve Intake Air Pressure Sensor Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-Ansaugluftdruck-Sensor Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the throttle valve intake air pressure sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Drosselklappen-Ansaugluftdruck-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_valve_intake_air_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EB3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Throttle Valve Intake Air Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Drosselklappen-Ansaugluftdruck-Sensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the throttle valve intake air pressure sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Drosselklappen-Ansaugluftdruck-Sensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_valve_intake_air_pressure_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EB4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charger High Voltage Interlock Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Induktivlader HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inductive charger reports a high voltage interlock circuit/open condition. Inductive charging cannot proceed reliably.",
        "de": "Der Induktivlader meldet einen Zustand \"HV-Verriegelungs-Stromkreis offen\". Das induktive Laden kann nicht zuverlässig erfolgen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_inductive_charger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "interlock_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock chain interrupted",
            "de": "Verriegelungskette unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_loose",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector not seated",
            "de": "Stecker nicht eingerastet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EB5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charger Input Voltage Low",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Induktivlader Eingangsspannung niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inductive charger reports a input voltage low condition. Inductive charging cannot proceed reliably.",
        "de": "Der Induktivlader meldet einen Zustand \"Eingangsspannung niedrig\". Das induktive Laden kann nicht zuverlässig erfolgen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_inductive_charger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mains_voltage_low",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mains voltage below spec",
            "de": "Netzspannung unter Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "alignment_off",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pad alignment poor",
            "de": "Pad-Ausrichtung schlecht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EB6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charger Input Voltage High",
        "de": "Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Induktivlader Eingangsspannung hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The inductive charger reports a input voltage high condition. Inductive charging cannot proceed reliably.",
        "de": "Der Induktivlader meldet einen Zustand \"Eingangsspannung hoch\". Das induktive Laden kann nicht zuverlässig erfolgen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_inductive_charger"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mains_voltage_high",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mains voltage above spec",
            "de": "Netzspannung über Spezifikation"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "regulator_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulator drift high",
            "de": "Regler driftet hoch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EB7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Replace 12V Battery",
        "de": "12V-Batterie ersetzen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle electrical system reports that the 12V auxiliary battery has reached end-of-life and should be replaced. State-of-health below threshold.",
        "de": "Das Bordnetz meldet, dass die 12V-Hilfsbatterie das Lebensdauer-Ende erreicht hat und ersetzt werden sollte. Gesundheitszustand unter Schwelle."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "aux_12v_battery"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_aged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "12V battery aged",
            "de": "12V-Batterie gealtert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deep_discharge",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Repeated deep discharge events",
            "de": "Wiederholte Tiefentladungs-Ereignisse"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          350
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EB9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Range/Performance Bank 2 Unit 2",
        "de": "Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung Bank 2 Einheit 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The reductant injection valve on bank 2 unit 2 reports a range/performance fault. Dosing accuracy on this unit is impaired.",
        "de": "Das Reduktionsmittel-Einspritzventil auf Bank 2 Einheit 2 meldet einen Bereich/Leistungs-Fehler. Die Dosier-Genauigkeit dieser Einheit ist beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_injection_valve_b2_u2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_clogged",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injection valve partially clogged",
            "de": "Einspritzventil teilweise verstopft"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "coil_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coil resistance drifted",
            "de": "Spulenwiderstand driftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EBB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Temperature Sensor Circuit Circuit",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Temperatursensor Stromkreis Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit fault on the crankcase temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis\" am Kurbelgehäuse-Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EBC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Temperatursensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a range/performance fault on the crankcase temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Bereich/Leistung\" am Kurbelgehäuse-Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EBD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Temperature Sensor Circuit Circuit High",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Temperatursensor Stromkreis Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit high fault on the crankcase temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\" am Kurbelgehäuse-Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EBE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Crankcase Temperature Sensor Circuit Circuit Low",
        "de": "Kurbelgehäuse-Temperatursensor Stromkreis Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECM detects a circuit low fault on the crankcase temperature sensor circuit. Reading cannot be used reliably for control.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät erkennt einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\" am Kurbelgehäuse-Temperatursensor Stromkreis. Der Messwert kann nicht zuverlässig zur Regelung herangezogen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_temperature_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EBF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Charging Mode Switch Stuck",
        "de": "Batterielade-Modus-Schalter festsitzend"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The battery charging mode switch is mechanically stuck in one position. Driver cannot change between charging modes.",
        "de": "Der Batterielade-Modus-Schalter sitzt mechanisch in einer Position fest. Der Fahrer kann nicht zwischen Lademodi wechseln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charging_mode_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switch mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Schalter mechanisch festsitzend"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contacts_oxidised",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Contacts oxidised",
            "de": "Kontakte oxidiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_charger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EC0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit Low",
        "de": "Turbolader-Verdichter-Auslass-Temperatursensor Stromkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger compressor outlet temperature sensor reports a circuit low fault. Charge air temperature post-compressor is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Verdichter-Auslass-Temperatursensor des Turboladers meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis niedrig\". Die Ladelufttemperatur nach dem Verdichter ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_compressor_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal sensor short",
            "de": "Interner Sensor-Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EC1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit High",
        "de": "Turbolader-Verdichter-Auslass-Temperatursensor Stromkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger compressor outlet temperature sensor reports a circuit high fault. Charge air temperature post-compressor is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Verdichter-Auslass-Temperatursensor des Turboladers meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis hoch\". Die Ladelufttemperatur nach dem Verdichter ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_compressor_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to B+",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit B+ kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open sensor",
            "de": "Offener Sensor"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P2EC2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Turbocharger Compressor Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Turbolader-Verdichter-Auslass-Temperatursensor Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The turbocharger compressor outlet temperature sensor reports a circuit range/performance fault. Charge air temperature post-compressor is unreliable.",
        "de": "Der Verdichter-Auslass-Temperatursensor des Turboladers meldet einen Fehler \"Stromkreis Bereich/Leistung\". Die Ladelufttemperatur nach dem Verdichter ist unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_compressor_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "wiring_harness",
        "ecm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor characteristic drifted",
            "de": "Sensorkennlinie driftet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mounting_displaced",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor mounting displaced",
            "de": "Sensorbefestigung versetzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3400",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation System Bank 1",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault in the cylinder deactivation system on bank 1. Variable displacement engines shut off cylinders under low load to save fuel — a fault here disables the function.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler im Zylinderabschaltsystem auf Bank 1 erkannt. Motoren mit variablem Hubraum schalten Zylinder unter geringer Last ab, um Kraftstoff zu sparen — ein Fehler deaktiviert die Funktion."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid or oil control valve failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil oder Öldruckventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Collapsing lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure prevents activation",
            "de": "Zu niedriger Öldruck verhindert Schaltung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3401",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Abschalt-/Einlassventilsteuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open circuit at the cylinder 1 deactivation or intake valve control solenoid. Without a valid circuit, cylinder 1 cannot be deactivated.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 1 erkannt. Ohne gültigen Stromkreis kann Zylinder 1 nicht abgeschaltet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3402",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Deactivation Performance/Stuck Off",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Abschaltung Funktion/dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 1 remains deactivated when activation is commanded — the cylinder does not contribute to combustion when expected.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass Zylinder 1 bei angeforderter Aktivierung abgeschaltet bleibt — der Zylinder trägt nicht wie erwartet zur Verbrennung bei."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel im eingefahrenen Zustand fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Magnetventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3403",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Deactivation Stuck On",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Abschaltung dauerhaft aktiv"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 1 remains deactivated when activation is commanded — the deactivation hardware is stuck in the off state. Symptoms include rough running and reduced power.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass Zylinder 1 bei angeforderter Aktivierung deaktiviert bleibt — die Abschalt-Hardware steht dauerhaft auf \"aus\". Symptome sind unrunder Lauf und Leistungsverlust."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel im eingefahrenen Zustand fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck in deactivation position",
            "de": "Magnetventil in Abschaltposition fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3404",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Deactivation Circuit Low Voltage",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Abschaltkreis niedrige Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected low voltage or a short to ground in the cylinder 1 deactivation control circuit.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine zu niedrige Spannung oder einen Masseschluss im Steuerkreis der Zylinder-1-Abschaltung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internally shorted",
            "de": "Magnetventil interner Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3405",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Deactivation Circuit High Voltage",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Abschaltkreis hohe Spannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected high voltage or a short to power in the cylinder 1 deactivation control circuit.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine zu hohe Spannung oder einen Plus-Schluss im Steuerkreis der Zylinder-1-Abschaltung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid open circuit",
            "de": "Magnetventil offener Stromkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3406",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Deactivation Stuck Off",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Abschaltung dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 1 deactivation hardware is stuck in the off state. The deactivation cannot be released when full-cylinder operation is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Abschalt-Hardware von Zylinder 1 dauerhaft im Aus-Zustand steht. Die Abschaltung kann bei angeforderter Vollzylinderbetrieb nicht aufgehoben werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel im eingefahrenen Zustand fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Magnetventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3407",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Deactivation Stuck On",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Abschaltung dauerhaft aktiv"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 1 deactivation hardware is stuck in the active state. Cylinder 1 stays deactivated when full-cylinder operation is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Abschalt-Hardware von Zylinder 1 dauerhaft im Aktiv-Zustand steht. Zylinder 1 bleibt abgeschaltet, obwohl Vollzylinderbetrieb angefordert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck in deactivation position",
            "de": "Magnetventil in Abschaltposition fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel im eingefahrenen Zustand fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3408",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Deactivation Circuit Low Voltage",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Abschaltkreis niedrige Spannung (Variante)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected low voltage on the cylinder 1 deactivation control circuit. Variant of P3404 reported on platforms with separate diagnostic ranges.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine niedrige Spannung im Steuerkreis der Zylinder-1-Abschaltung erkannt. Variante zu P3404 bei Plattformen mit getrennten Diagnosebereichen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internally shorted",
            "de": "Magnetventil interner Kurzschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3409",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 1 Deactivation Circuit High Voltage",
        "de": "Zylinder 1 Abschaltkreis hohe Spannung (Variante)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected high voltage on the cylinder 1 deactivation control circuit. Variant of P3405 reported on platforms with separate diagnostic ranges.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine hohe Spannung im Steuerkreis der Zylinder-1-Abschaltung erkannt. Variante zu P3405 bei Plattformen mit getrennten Diagnosebereichen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid open circuit",
            "de": "Magnetventil offener Stromkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P340A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil-Steuerschaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the cylinder deactivation/intake valve control circuit on bank 1. The mechanism that switches off intake valves on selected cylinders cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Schaltkreis der Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventilsteuerung Bank 1. Der Mechanismus, der die Einlassventile einzelner Zylinder abschaltet, kann nicht angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder loser Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P340B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil-Steuerschaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the cylinder deactivation/intake valve control circuit on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Schaltkreis der Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventilsteuerung Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder loser Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P340C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Deactivation/Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung/Auslassventil-Steuerschaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the cylinder deactivation/exhaust valve control circuit on bank 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Schaltkreis der Zylinderabschaltung/Auslassventilsteuerung Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder loser Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P340D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Deactivation/Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung/Auslassventil-Steuerschaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the cylinder deactivation/exhaust valve control circuit on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Schaltkreis der Zylinderabschaltung/Auslassventilsteuerung Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring break or unplugged connector",
            "de": "Kabelbruch oder loser Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3410",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation System Bank 2",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltsystem Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault in the cylinder deactivation system on bank 2. The system disables fuel and valve operation on selected cylinders under low load to reduce fuel consumption; a fault disables further deactivation requests on this bank.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler im Zylinderabschaltsystem auf Bank 2 erkannt. Das System deaktiviert Kraftstoff- und Ventilbetrieb an einzelnen Zylindern unter geringer Last; bei Fehler werden keine Abschaltanforderungen auf dieser Bank mehr ausgeführt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid or oil control valve failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil oder Öldruckventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Collapsing lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure prevents activation",
            "de": "Zu niedriger Öldruck verhindert Schaltung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3411",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Deactivation Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Abschaltung Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 2 deactivation does not perform as expected — the actual cylinder behavior does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Zylinder-2-Abschaltung nicht wie erwartet arbeitet — das tatsächliche Zylinderverhalten weicht vom angesteuerten Zustand ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3412",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Deactivation Stuck Off",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Abschaltung dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 2 deactivation hardware is stuck in the off state. The deactivation cannot be released when full-cylinder operation is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Abschalt-Hardware von Zylinder 2 dauerhaft im Aus-Zustand steht. Die Abschaltung kann bei angeforderter Vollzylinderbetrieb nicht aufgehoben werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel im eingefahrenen Zustand fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Magnetventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3413",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Deactivation Stuck On",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Abschaltung dauerhaft aktiv"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 2 deactivation hardware is stuck in the active state. Cylinder 2 stays deactivated when full-cylinder operation is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Abschalt-Hardware von Zylinder 2 dauerhaft im Aktiv-Zustand steht. Zylinder 2 bleibt abgeschaltet, obwohl Vollzylinderbetrieb angefordert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck in deactivation position",
            "de": "Magnetventil in Abschaltposition fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel im eingefahrenen Zustand fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3414",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 2 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. Without a valid circuit the exhaust valve of cylinder 2 cannot be commanded for cylinder deactivation.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 2 erkannt. Ohne gültigen Stromkreis kann das Auslassventil von Zylinder 2 nicht zur Abschaltung angesteuert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3415",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 2 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. The system disables further cylinder deactivation requests until the circuit is repaired.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 2 erkannt. Das System deaktiviert weitere Abschaltanforderungen, bis der Stromkreis instand gesetzt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3416",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 2 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 2 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 2 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 2 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3417",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 3 deactivation or intake valve control solenoid. Cylinder 3 cannot be deactivated until the circuit is restored.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 3 erkannt. Zylinder 3 kann nicht abgeschaltet werden, bis der Stromkreis wiederhergestellt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3418",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Abschaltung/Einlassventilsteuerung Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a performance fault on the cylinder 3 deactivation or intake valve control system — the response of the actuator does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Funktionsfehler in der Abschalt- oder Einlassventilsteuerung von Zylinder 3 erkannt — die Reaktion des Stellglieds entspricht nicht dem angeforderten Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel hängt eingeklappt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil pressure too low",
            "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_passage_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil passage blocked or contaminated",
            "de": "Ölkanal verstopft oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3419",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 3 deactivation or intake valve solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 3 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P341A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil-Steuerschaltkreis Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake valve deactivation system on bank 1 is electrically active but the mechanical response does not match commanded state. Often hydraulic pin sticking from sludge or low oil pressure.",
        "de": "Die Einlassventil-Abschaltung Bank 1 ist elektrisch aktiv, die mechanische Reaktion folgt jedoch nicht dem Sollwert. Häufig hängender Hydraulikpin durch Schlamm oder zu geringer Öldruck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "hydraulic_pin",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_sludge",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil sludge blocks deactivation pin",
            "de": "Ölschlamm blockiert Abschalt-Pin"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P341B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil-Steuerschaltkreis Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The intake valve deactivation system on bank 2 is electrically active but the mechanical response does not match commanded state.",
        "de": "Die Einlassventil-Abschaltung Bank 2 ist elektrisch aktiv, die mechanische Reaktion folgt jedoch nicht dem Sollwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "hydraulic_pin",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_sludge",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil sludge blocks deactivation pin",
            "de": "Ölschlamm blockiert Abschalt-Pin"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure",
            "de": "Zu geringer Öldruck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P341C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Deactivation/Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung/Auslassventil-Steuerschaltkreis Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust valve deactivation system on bank 1 is electrically active but the mechanical response does not match commanded state.",
        "de": "Die Auslassventil-Abschaltung Bank 1 ist elektrisch aktiv, die mechanische Reaktion folgt jedoch nicht dem Sollwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "hydraulic_pin",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_sludge",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil sludge blocks deactivation pin",
            "de": "Ölschlamm blockiert Abschalt-Pin"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P341D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Deactivation/Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung/Auslassventil-Steuerschaltkreis Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The exhaust valve deactivation system on bank 2 is electrically active but the mechanical response does not match commanded state.",
        "de": "Die Auslassventil-Abschaltung Bank 2 ist elektrisch aktiv, die mechanische Reaktion folgt jedoch nicht dem Sollwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "hydraulic_pin",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_sludge",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil sludge blocks deactivation pin",
            "de": "Ölschlamm blockiert Abschalt-Pin"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3420",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 3 deactivation or intake valve solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 3 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3421",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 3 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. Cylinder 3 cannot be deactivated on the exhaust side until the circuit is restored.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 3 erkannt. Zylinder 3 kann auslassseitig nicht abgeschaltet werden, bis der Stromkreis wiederhergestellt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3422",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Exhaust Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Auslassventilsteuerung Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a performance fault on the cylinder 3 exhaust valve deactivation system — the actuator response does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Funktionsfehler in der Auslassventil-Abschaltung von Zylinder 3 erkannt — die Reaktion des Stellglieds entspricht nicht dem angeforderten Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel hängt eingeklappt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil pressure too low",
            "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3423",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 3 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 3 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3424",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 3 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 3 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3425",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Abschalt-/Einlassventilsteuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open circuit at the cylinder 3 deactivation or intake valve control solenoid. Without a valid circuit, cylinder 3 cannot be deactivated.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 3 erkannt. Ohne gültigen Stromkreis kann Zylinder 3 nicht abgeschaltet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3426",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Abschaltung/Einlassventilsteuerung Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a performance fault on the cylinder 4 deactivation or intake valve control system — the actuator response does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Funktionsfehler in der Abschalt- oder Einlassventilsteuerung von Zylinder 4 erkannt — die Reaktion des Stellglieds entspricht nicht dem angeforderten Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel hängt eingeklappt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil pressure too low",
            "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3427",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 4 deactivation or intake valve solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 4 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3428",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 4 deactivation or intake valve solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 4 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3429",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 4 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. Cylinder 4 cannot be deactivated on the exhaust side until the circuit is restored.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 4 erkannt. Zylinder 4 kann auslassseitig nicht abgeschaltet werden, bis der Stromkreis wiederhergestellt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3430",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Exhaust Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Auslassventilsteuerung Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a performance fault on the cylinder 4 exhaust valve deactivation system — the actuator response does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Funktionsfehler in der Auslassventil-Abschaltung von Zylinder 4 erkannt — die Reaktion des Stellglieds entspricht nicht dem angeforderten Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel hängt eingeklappt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil pressure too low",
            "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3431",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 4 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 4 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3432",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 4 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 4 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3433",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Deactivation Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Abschaltung Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 4 deactivation does not perform as expected — the actual cylinder behavior does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Zylinder-4-Abschaltung nicht wie erwartet arbeitet — das tatsächliche Zylinderverhalten weicht vom angesteuerten Zustand ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3434",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Deactivation Stuck Off",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Abschaltung dauerhaft aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 4 deactivation hardware is stuck in the off state. The deactivation cannot be released when full-cylinder operation is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Abschalt-Hardware von Zylinder 4 dauerhaft im Aus-Zustand steht. Die Abschaltung kann bei angeforderter Vollzylinderbetrieb nicht aufgehoben werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel im eingefahrenen Zustand fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck",
            "de": "Magnetventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3435",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Deactivation Stuck On",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Abschaltung dauerhaft aktiv"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 4 deactivation hardware is stuck in the active state. Cylinder 4 stays deactivated when full-cylinder operation is commanded.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Abschalt-Hardware von Zylinder 4 dauerhaft im Aktiv-Zustand steht. Zylinder 4 bleibt abgeschaltet, obwohl Vollzylinderbetrieb angefordert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid stuck in deactivation position",
            "de": "Magnetventil in Abschaltposition fest"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel im eingefahrenen Zustand fest"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3436",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 5 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. Cylinder 5 cannot be deactivated on the exhaust side until the circuit is restored.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 5 erkannt. Zylinder 5 kann auslassseitig nicht abgeschaltet werden, bis der Stromkreis wiederhergestellt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3437",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Exhaust Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Auslassventilsteuerung Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a performance fault on the cylinder 5 exhaust valve deactivation system — the actuator response does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Funktionsfehler in der Auslassventil-Abschaltung von Zylinder 5 erkannt — die Reaktion des Stellglieds entspricht nicht dem angeforderten Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel hängt eingeklappt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil pressure too low",
            "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3438",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 5 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 5 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3439",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 5 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 5 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3440",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 6 deactivation or intake valve control solenoid. Cylinder 6 cannot be deactivated until the circuit is restored.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 6 erkannt. Zylinder 6 kann nicht abgeschaltet werden, bis der Stromkreis wiederhergestellt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3441",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Deactivation Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Abschaltung Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 5 deactivation does not perform as expected — the actual cylinder behavior does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Zylinder-5-Abschaltung nicht wie erwartet arbeitet — das tatsächliche Zylinderverhalten weicht vom angesteuerten Zustand ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3442",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 6 deactivation or intake valve solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 6 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3443",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 6 deactivation or intake valve solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 6 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3444",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 6 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. Cylinder 6 cannot be deactivated on the exhaust side until the circuit is restored.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 6 erkannt. Zylinder 6 kann auslassseitig nicht abgeschaltet werden, bis der Stromkreis wiederhergestellt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3445",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Exhaust Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Auslassventilsteuerung Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a performance fault on the cylinder 6 exhaust valve deactivation system — the actuator response does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Funktionsfehler in der Auslassventil-Abschaltung von Zylinder 6 erkannt — die Reaktion des Stellglieds entspricht nicht dem angeforderten Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel hängt eingeklappt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil pressure too low",
            "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3446",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 6 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 6 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3447",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 6 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 6 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3448",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 7 deactivation or intake valve control solenoid. Cylinder 7 cannot be deactivated until the circuit is restored.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 7 erkannt. Zylinder 7 kann nicht abgeschaltet werden, bis der Stromkreis wiederhergestellt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3449",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Deactivation Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Abschaltung Funktionsbereich"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that cylinder 6 deactivation does not perform as expected — the actual cylinder behavior does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass die Zylinder-6-Abschaltung nicht wie erwartet arbeitet — das tatsächliche Zylinderverhalten weicht vom angesteuerten Zustand ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3450",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 7 deactivation or intake valve solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 7 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3451",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 7 deactivation or intake valve solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 7 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3452",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 7 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. Cylinder 7 cannot be deactivated on the exhaust side until the circuit is restored.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 7 erkannt. Zylinder 7 kann auslassseitig nicht abgeschaltet werden, bis der Stromkreis wiederhergestellt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3453",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low voltage condition in the control circuit of the cylinder 5 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. A short to ground or low-side driver fault prevents proper actuation of the exhaust valve during cylinder deactivation events on bank-relevant cylinder 5.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine zu niedrige Spannung im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 5 erkannt. Ein Masseschluss oder ein Fehler des Low-Side-Treibers verhindert die korrekte Ansteuerung des Auslassventils während der Zylinderabschaltung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid or wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Magnetventil oder Verkabelung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM low-side driver failed",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corrosion or pin damage",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker oder beschädigte Pins"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3454",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low voltage condition in the control circuit of the cylinder 6 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. A short to ground or low-side driver fault prevents proper actuation of the exhaust valve during cylinder deactivation events on cylinder 6.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine zu niedrige Spannung im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 6 erkannt. Ein Masseschluss oder ein Fehler des Low-Side-Treibers verhindert die korrekte Ansteuerung des Auslassventils während der Zylinderabschaltung von Zylinder 6."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid or wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Magnetventil oder Verkabelung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM low-side driver failed",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corrosion or pin damage",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker oder beschädigte Pins"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3455",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low voltage condition in the control circuit of the cylinder 7 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. A short to ground or low-side driver fault prevents proper actuation of the exhaust valve during cylinder deactivation events on cylinder 7.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine zu niedrige Spannung im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 7 erkannt. Ein Masseschluss oder ein Fehler des Low-Side-Treibers verhindert die korrekte Ansteuerung des Auslassventils während der Zylinderabschaltung von Zylinder 7."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid or wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Magnetventil oder Verkabelung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM low-side driver failed",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corrosion or pin damage",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker oder beschädigte Pins"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3456",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 8 deactivation or intake valve control solenoid. Cylinder 8 cannot be deactivated until the circuit is restored.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 8 erkannt. Zylinder 8 kann nicht abgeschaltet werden, bis der Stromkreis wiederhergestellt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3457",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Deactivation",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Abschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault in the cylinder 7 deactivation system. Cylinder 7 cannot reliably switch between active and deactivated state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler im Abschaltsystem von Zylinder 7 erkannt. Zylinder 7 kann nicht zuverlässig zwischen aktivem und abgeschaltetem Zustand wechseln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3458",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 8 deactivation or intake valve solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 8 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3459",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Deactivation/Intake Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Abschalt-/Einlassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 8 deactivation or intake valve solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt- oder Einlassventil-Magnetventils von Zylinder 8 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3460",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis/offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open or out-of-range circuit at the cylinder 8 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. Cylinder 8 cannot be deactivated on the exhaust side until the circuit is restored.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine Unterbrechung oder einen Bereichsfehler im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 8 erkannt. Zylinder 8 kann auslassseitig nicht abgeschaltet werden, bis der Stromkreis wiederhergestellt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3461",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Exhaust Valve Control Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Auslassventilsteuerung Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a performance fault on the cylinder 8 exhaust valve deactivation system — the actuator response does not match the commanded state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Funktionsfehler in der Auslassventil-Abschaltung von Zylinder 8 erkannt — die Reaktion des Stellglieds entspricht nicht dem angeforderten Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_collapsed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck collapsed",
            "de": "Schaltstößel hängt eingeklappt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_low",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Engine oil pressure too low",
            "de": "Motoröldruck zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3462",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low-side voltage fault (short to ground) on the cylinder 8 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Masse im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 8 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3463",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high-side voltage fault (short to power) on the cylinder 8 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid circuit. Cylinder deactivation is disabled while the fault is present.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Spannungsfehler nach Plus im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 8 erkannt. Bei aktivem Fehler ist die Zylinderabschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Schluss nach Plus"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_internal_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid internal short",
            "de": "Interner Kurzschluss im Magnetventil"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3464",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Auslassventil-Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high voltage condition in the control circuit of the cylinder 8 exhaust valve deactivation solenoid. A short to voltage or open low-side path causes the driver to read above the expected range, disabling cylinder deactivation requests for cylinder 8.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine zu hohe Spannung im Steuerkreis des Abschalt-Magnetventils für das Auslassventil von Zylinder 8 erkannt. Ein Kurzschluss gegen Plus oder ein offener Low-Side-Pfad führt zu einem Wert über dem Sollbereich und deaktiviert Abschaltanforderungen für Zylinder 8."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid or wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Magnetventil oder Verkabelung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM driver failed",
            "de": "Treiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3465",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Deactivation",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Abschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault in the cylinder 8 deactivation system. Common in V8 engines with active fuel management — cylinder 8 cannot reliably switch state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler im Abschaltsystem von Zylinder 8 erkannt. Häufig bei V8-Motoren mit aktiver Zylinderabschaltung — Zylinder 8 kann nicht zuverlässig den Zustand wechseln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3466",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Hydraulic Circuit Bank 1 Open",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Hydraulikkreis Bank 1 offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open hydraulic circuit in the cylinder deactivation system on bank 1. The system uses pressurized engine oil routed through dedicated lifters and oil control valves to collapse valves; an open circuit indicates loss of oil flow or a failed pressure switch.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen offenen Hydraulikkreis im Zylinderabschaltsystem auf Bank 1 erkannt. Das System nutzt unter Druck stehendes Motoröl, das über spezielle Schaltstößel und Öldruckventile geleitet wird, um Ventile abzuschalten; ein offener Kreis deutet auf fehlenden Öldurchfluss oder einen defekten Drucksensor hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_control_valve",
        "oil_pressure_switch",
        "lifter",
        "engine_oil_passage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure switch failed",
            "de": "Öldruckschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_passage_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil passage blocked or sludge buildup",
            "de": "Ölkanal blockiert oder Schlammablagerung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_control_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck",
            "de": "Öldruckventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3467",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Hydraulic Circuit Bank 1 Performance",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Hydraulikkreis Bank 1 Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a performance fault in the bank 1 hydraulic circuit used for cylinder deactivation. Oil pressure response or timing is outside the expected window during deactivation events, often caused by viscosity issues, internal leaks or worn lifters.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Funktionsfehler im Hydraulikkreis von Bank 1 für die Zylinderabschaltung erkannt. Öldruckverlauf oder Schaltzeit liegen außerhalb des Sollfensters während der Abschaltvorgänge, häufig durch Viskositätsprobleme, interne Leckagen oder verschlissene Schaltstößel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_control_valve",
        "lifter",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_oil_viscosity",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incorrect oil viscosity or aged oil",
            "de": "Falsche Ölviskosität oder gealtertes Öl"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching lifter worn or sticking",
            "de": "Schaltstößel verschlissen oder klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_oil_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal oil leak in deactivation circuit",
            "de": "Interne Öl-Leckage im Abschaltkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3468",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Hydraulic Circuit Bank 1 Low",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Hydraulikkreis Bank 1 niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected low oil pressure in the bank 1 hydraulic circuit responsible for cylinder deactivation. Below threshold pressure the lifters cannot collapse and the system disables further deactivation requests on bank 1.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen zu niedrigen Öldruck im Hydraulikkreis von Bank 1 für die Zylinderabschaltung erkannt. Unterhalb des Schwellwerts können die Schaltstößel nicht einfallen, und das System stellt weitere Abschaltanforderungen auf Bank 1 ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pump",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "oil_pressure_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_oil_level",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low engine oil level",
            "de": "Zu niedriger Motorölstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pump worn or weak",
            "de": "Ölpumpe verschlissen oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure switch reads low",
            "de": "Öldruckschalter meldet zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3469",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Hydraulic Circuit Bank 1 High",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Hydraulikkreis Bank 1 hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an excessively high oil pressure or stuck-on signal in the bank 1 hydraulic circuit for cylinder deactivation. Either a stuck oil control valve, a blocked relief path, or a shorted pressure switch is reporting permanently high pressure.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen überhöhten Öldruck oder ein dauerhaft anliegendes Signal im Hydraulikkreis von Bank 1 für die Zylinderabschaltung erkannt. Entweder ein klemmendes Öldruckventil, ein blockierter Entlastungspfad oder ein kurzgeschlossener Drucksensor meldet dauerhaft hohen Druck."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_control_valve",
        "oil_pressure_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_control_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck open",
            "de": "Öldruckventil klemmt offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_switch_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure switch shorted",
            "de": "Drucksensor kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blocked_relief_passage",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blocked relief passage",
            "de": "Entlastungskanal verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3470",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Hydraulic Circuit Bank 2 Open",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Hydraulikkreis Bank 2 offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open hydraulic circuit in the cylinder deactivation system on bank 2. Loss of oil flow, a failed oil pressure switch or a disconnected oil control valve prevents the system from deactivating cylinders on bank 2.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen offenen Hydraulikkreis im Zylinderabschaltsystem auf Bank 2 erkannt. Fehlender Öldurchfluss, ein defekter Öldruckschalter oder ein nicht angeschlossenes Öldruckventil verhindert die Zylinderabschaltung auf Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_control_valve",
        "oil_pressure_switch",
        "lifter",
        "engine_oil_passage"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure switch failed",
            "de": "Öldruckschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_passage_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil passage blocked or sludge buildup",
            "de": "Ölkanal blockiert oder Schlammablagerung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_control_valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck",
            "de": "Öldruckventil klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3471",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Hydraulic Circuit Bank 2 Performance",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Hydraulikkreis Bank 2 Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a performance fault in the bank 2 hydraulic circuit used for cylinder deactivation. Oil pressure response or actuation timing falls outside the expected window during deactivation events on bank 2, often caused by viscosity issues, internal leaks or worn switching lifters.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Funktionsfehler im Hydraulikkreis von Bank 2 für die Zylinderabschaltung erkannt. Öldruckverlauf oder Schaltzeit liegen außerhalb des Sollfensters während der Abschaltvorgänge auf Bank 2, häufig durch Viskositätsprobleme, interne Leckagen oder verschlissene Schaltstößel."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_control_valve",
        "lifter",
        "engine_oil"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wrong_oil_viscosity",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incorrect oil viscosity or aged oil",
            "de": "Falsche Ölviskosität oder gealtertes Öl"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching lifter worn or sticking",
            "de": "Schaltstößel verschlissen oder klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "internal_oil_leak",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal oil leak in deactivation circuit",
            "de": "Interne Öl-Leckage im Abschaltkreis"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3472",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Hydraulic Circuit Bank 2 Low",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Hydraulikkreis Bank 2 niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected low oil pressure in the bank 2 hydraulic circuit responsible for cylinder deactivation. Below the calibrated threshold the switching lifters cannot collapse and cylinder deactivation on bank 2 is disabled until pressure recovers.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen zu niedrigen Öldruck im Hydraulikkreis von Bank 2 für die Zylinderabschaltung erkannt. Unterhalb des kalibrierten Schwellwerts können die Schaltstößel nicht einfallen, und die Zylinderabschaltung auf Bank 2 wird ausgesetzt, bis der Druck wieder ausreichend ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pump",
        "oil_control_valve",
        "oil_pressure_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "low_oil_level",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low engine oil level",
            "de": "Zu niedriger Motorölstand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pump_worn",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pump worn or weak",
            "de": "Ölpumpe verschlissen oder schwach"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_pressure_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure switch reads low",
            "de": "Öldruckschalter meldet zu niedrig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3473",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Deactivation",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Abschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault in the cylinder 9 deactivation system. Found on V10/V12 engines with cylinder deactivation — cylinder 9 cannot reliably switch state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler im Abschaltsystem von Zylinder 9 erkannt. Tritt bei V10/V12-Motoren mit Zylinderabschaltung auf — Zylinder 9 kann nicht zuverlässig den Zustand wechseln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3474",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Hydraulic Circuit Bank 2 High",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Hydraulikkreis Bank 2 hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an excessively high oil pressure or stuck-on signal in the bank 2 hydraulic circuit for cylinder deactivation. A stuck oil control valve, a blocked relief path or a shorted pressure switch is reporting permanently high pressure on bank 2.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen überhöhten Öldruck oder ein dauerhaft anliegendes Signal im Hydraulikkreis von Bank 2 für die Zylinderabschaltung erkannt. Ein klemmendes Öldruckventil, ein blockierter Entlastungspfad oder ein kurzgeschlossener Drucksensor meldet dauerhaft hohen Druck auf Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_control_valve",
        "oil_pressure_switch"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_control_valve_stuck_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve stuck open",
            "de": "Öldruckventil klemmt offen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pressure_switch_short",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure switch shorted",
            "de": "Drucksensor kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "blocked_relief_passage",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blocked relief passage",
            "de": "Entlastungskanal verstopft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3475",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Oil Pressure Switch Bank 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Öldruckschalter Bank 1 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an electrical fault in the cylinder deactivation oil pressure switch circuit on bank 1. The switch confirms that hydraulic pressure has reached the level required to collapse the switching lifters; without a valid signal the system disables deactivation.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler im Stromkreis des Öldruckschalters für die Zylinderabschaltung auf Bank 1 erkannt. Der Schalter bestätigt, dass der hydraulische Druck den nötigen Wert zum Einfallen der Schaltstößel erreicht hat; ohne gültiges Signal wird die Abschaltung deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_switch",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure switch failed",
            "de": "Öldruckschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_or_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring short or open",
            "de": "Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen oder unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corrosion",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3476",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Oil Pressure Switch Bank 1 Performance",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Öldruckschalter Bank 1 Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a rationality fault between commanded oil pressure and the bank 1 cylinder deactivation oil pressure switch state. The switch fails to change state at the expected pressure threshold during deactivation transitions.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Plausibilitätsfehler zwischen angefordertem Öldruck und dem Zustand des Öldruckschalters für die Zylinderabschaltung Bank 1 erkannt. Der Schalter wechselt seinen Zustand nicht beim erwarteten Druckschwellwert während der Abschaltübergänge."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_switch",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_switch_sticky",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure switch sticky or contaminated",
            "de": "Drucksensor klemmt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_control_valve_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve slow to respond",
            "de": "Öldruckventil reagiert träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low system oil pressure",
            "de": "Zu niedriger Systemöldruck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3477",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Oil Pressure Switch Bank 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Öldruckschalter Bank 2 Stromkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an electrical fault in the cylinder deactivation oil pressure switch circuit on bank 2. Without a valid signal the module cannot confirm that hydraulic pressure has reached the level needed to deactivate cylinders on bank 2.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen elektrischen Fehler im Stromkreis des Öldruckschalters für die Zylinderabschaltung auf Bank 2 erkannt. Ohne gültiges Signal kann das Steuergerät nicht bestätigen, dass der nötige hydraulische Druck zur Zylinderabschaltung auf Bank 2 erreicht ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_switch",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_switch_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil pressure switch failed",
            "de": "Öldruckschalter defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_short_or_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring short or open",
            "de": "Verkabelung kurzgeschlossen oder unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector corrosion",
            "de": "Korrodierter Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3478",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Oil Pressure Switch Bank 2 Performance",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Öldruckschalter Bank 2 Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a rationality fault between commanded oil pressure and the bank 2 cylinder deactivation oil pressure switch state. The switch fails to change state at the expected pressure threshold during deactivation transitions on bank 2.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Plausibilitätsfehler zwischen angefordertem Öldruck und dem Zustand des Öldruckschalters für die Zylinderabschaltung Bank 2 erkannt. Der Schalter wechselt seinen Zustand nicht beim erwarteten Druckschwellwert während der Abschaltübergänge auf Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_switch",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pressure_switch_sticky",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure switch sticky or contaminated",
            "de": "Drucksensor klemmt oder verschmutzt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "oil_control_valve_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Oil control valve slow to respond",
            "de": "Öldruckventil reagiert träge"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low system oil pressure",
            "de": "Zu niedriger Systemöldruck"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3479",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid Bank 1 Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Magnetventil Bank 1 Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open circuit at the bank 1 cylinder deactivation solenoid. The solenoid routes oil pressure to the switching lifters; an open circuit prevents activation and the system disables deactivation requests on bank 1.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen offenen Stromkreis am Magnetventil der Zylinderabschaltung Bank 1 erkannt. Das Magnetventil leitet Öldruck zu den Schaltstößeln; bei Unterbrechung kann es nicht aktiviert werden, und das System stellt Abschaltanforderungen auf Bank 1 ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM driver failed",
            "de": "Treiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3480",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid Bank 2 Control Circuit Open",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Magnetventil Bank 2 Steuerkreis offen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an open circuit at the bank 2 cylinder deactivation solenoid. The solenoid routes oil pressure to the switching lifters on bank 2; an open circuit prevents activation and the system disables deactivation requests on bank 2.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen offenen Stromkreis am Magnetventil der Zylinderabschaltung Bank 2 erkannt. Das Magnetventil leitet Öldruck zu den Schaltstößeln auf Bank 2; bei Unterbrechung kann es nicht aktiviert werden, und das System stellt Abschaltanforderungen auf Bank 2 ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_coil_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector open",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM driver failed",
            "de": "Treiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3481",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Deactivation",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Abschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault in the cylinder 10 deactivation system. Found on V10/V12 engines — cylinder 10 cannot reliably switch state.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler im Abschaltsystem von Zylinder 10 erkannt. Tritt bei V10/V12-Motoren auf — Zylinder 10 kann nicht zuverlässig den Zustand wechseln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3482",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid Bank 1 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Magnetventil Bank 1 Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low voltage condition at the bank 1 cylinder deactivation solenoid control circuit. A short to ground or low-side driver fault prevents proper actuation of the bank 1 deactivation hydraulic path.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine zu niedrige Spannung am Steuerkreis des Magnetventils für die Zylinderabschaltung Bank 1 erkannt. Ein Masseschluss oder ein Fehler des Low-Side-Treibers verhindert die korrekte Ansteuerung des hydraulischen Abschaltpfads auf Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid or wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Magnetventil oder Verkabelung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM low-side driver failed",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_damage",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector damage",
            "de": "Stecker beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3483",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid Bank 1 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Magnetventil Bank 1 Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high voltage condition at the bank 1 cylinder deactivation solenoid control circuit. A short to power or open low-side path causes the driver to read above the expected range, disabling deactivation requests on bank 1.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine zu hohe Spannung am Steuerkreis des Magnetventils für die Zylinderabschaltung Bank 1 erkannt. Ein Kurzschluss gegen Plus oder ein offener Low-Side-Pfad führt zu einem Wert über dem Sollbereich und deaktiviert Abschaltanforderungen auf Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid or wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Magnetventil oder Verkabelung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM driver failed",
            "de": "Treiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3484",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid Bank 2 Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Magnetventil Bank 2 Steuerkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a low voltage condition at the bank 2 cylinder deactivation solenoid control circuit. A short to ground or low-side driver fault prevents proper actuation of the bank 2 deactivation hydraulic path.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine zu niedrige Spannung am Steuerkreis des Magnetventils für die Zylinderabschaltung Bank 2 erkannt. Ein Masseschluss oder ein Fehler des Low-Side-Treibers verhindert die korrekte Ansteuerung des hydraulischen Abschaltpfads auf Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid or wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Magnetventil oder Verkabelung gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM low-side driver failed",
            "de": "Low-Side-Treiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_damage",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector damage",
            "de": "Stecker beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3485",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Solenoid Bank 2 Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Magnetventil Bank 2 Steuerkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a high voltage condition at the bank 2 cylinder deactivation solenoid control circuit. A short to power or open low-side path causes the driver to read above the expected range, disabling deactivation requests on bank 2.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat eine zu hohe Spannung am Steuerkreis des Magnetventils für die Zylinderabschaltung Bank 2 erkannt. Ein Kurzschluss gegen Plus oder ein offener Low-Side-Pfad führt zu einem Wert über dem Sollbereich und deaktiviert Abschaltanforderungen auf Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid or wiring shorted to power",
            "de": "Magnetventil oder Verkabelung gegen Plus kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid coil open",
            "de": "Magnetventilspule unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_driver_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM driver failed",
            "de": "Treiber im Steuergerät defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1100
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3486",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Auslassventil-Steuerschaltkreis Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder exhaust valve control on cylinder 11 does not respond as commanded. Mechanical issue at the deactivation actuator for that cylinder.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Auslassventil-Steuerung Zylinder 11 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß. Mechanisches Problem am Abschalt-Aktuator für diesen Zylinder."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl11_exhaust_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3487",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit Low",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Auslassventil-Steuerschaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 exhaust valve control voltage below expected range — short to ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Auslassventil Zylinder 11 unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl11_exhaust_valve_actuator",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3488",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Exhaust Valve Control Circuit High",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Auslassventil-Steuerschaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 exhaust valve control voltage above expected range — short to power or open ground.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Auslassventil Zylinder 11 über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder offene Masse."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl11_exhaust_valve_actuator",
        "actuator_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3489",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Deactivation",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Abschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault in the cylinder 11 deactivation system. Found on V12 engines with cylinder deactivation.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler im Abschaltsystem von Zylinder 11 erkannt. Tritt bei V12-Motoren mit Zylinderabschaltung auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3490",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation System Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltsystem Funktion Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that the cylinder deactivation system on bank 1 is not performing as expected. Closed-loop monitoring of pressure response, valve timing or misfire counters during transitions indicates the system fails to deactivate or reactivate cylinders within calibrated limits.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat festgestellt, dass das Zylinderabschaltsystem auf Bank 1 nicht wie erwartet arbeitet. Die geschlossene Überwachung von Druckverlauf, Ventilsteuerzeiten oder Zündaussetzer-Zählern während der Übergänge zeigt, dass das System Zylinder nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Grenzen abschaltet oder reaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_or_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching lifter stuck or worn",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Insufficient oil pressure",
            "de": "Unzureichender Öldruck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid slow or contaminated",
            "de": "Magnetventil träge oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3491",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation System Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltsystem Funktion Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected that the cylinder deactivation system on bank 2 is not performing as expected. Closed-loop monitoring of pressure response, valve timing or misfire counters during transitions indicates the system fails to deactivate or reactivate cylinders within calibrated limits.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat festgestellt, dass das Zylinderabschaltsystem auf Bank 2 nicht wie erwartet arbeitet. Die geschlossene Überwachung von Druckverlauf, Ventilsteuerzeiten oder Zündaussetzer-Zählern während der Übergänge zeigt, dass das System Zylinder nicht innerhalb der kalibrierten Grenzen abschaltet oder reaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck_or_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Switching lifter stuck or worn",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt oder verschlissen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Insufficient oil pressure",
            "de": "Unzureichender Öldruck"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "solenoid_slow",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Solenoid slow or contaminated",
            "de": "Magnetventil träge oder verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "shop_only",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          12
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3492",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Position Sensor Bank 1",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Positionssensor Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an implausible signal from the bank 1 cylinder deactivation position sensor. Modern systems use a Hall-effect or inductive sensor to confirm switching lifter position; a fault prevents safe deactivation transitions.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal des Positionssensors der Zylinderabschaltung Bank 1 erkannt. Moderne Systeme nutzen Hall- oder Induktivsensoren zur Bestätigung der Schaltstößelposition; ein Fehler verhindert sichere Abschaltübergänge."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "position_sensor",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel mechanisch klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3493",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Position Sensor Bank 2",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Positionssensor Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected an implausible signal from the bank 2 cylinder deactivation position sensor. The sensor confirms switching lifter position; without a valid signal the module cannot safely command deactivation transitions on bank 2.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat ein unplausibles Signal des Positionssensors der Zylinderabschaltung Bank 2 erkannt. Der Sensor bestätigt die Position der Schaltstößel; ohne gültiges Signal kann das Steuergerät auf Bank 2 keine sicheren Abschaltübergänge anfordern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "position_sensor",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter mechanically stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel mechanisch klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3494",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Position Sensor Bank 1 Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Positionssensor Bank 1 Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected the bank 1 cylinder deactivation position sensor signal is within electrical limits but does not change as expected during commanded deactivation transitions. Mechanical drag, sensor drift or contamination is the typical cause.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass das Signal des Positionssensors der Zylinderabschaltung Bank 1 zwar im elektrischen Sollbereich liegt, sich aber bei kommandierten Abschaltübergängen nicht erwartungsgemäß ändert. Mechanische Reibung, Sensordrift oder Verschmutzung sind typische Ursachen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "position_sensor",
        "lifter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift or aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift oder Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_drag",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter mechanical drag",
            "de": "Mechanische Reibung am Schaltstößel"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor face contamination",
            "de": "Sensorfläche verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3495",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Position Sensor Bank 2 Range/Performance",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Positionssensor Bank 2 Bereich/Funktion"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected the bank 2 cylinder deactivation position sensor signal is within electrical limits but does not change as expected during commanded deactivation transitions. Mechanical drag, sensor drift or contamination is the typical cause.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat erkannt, dass das Signal des Positionssensors der Zylinderabschaltung Bank 2 zwar im elektrischen Sollbereich liegt, sich aber bei kommandierten Abschaltübergängen nicht erwartungsgemäß ändert. Mechanische Reibung, Sensordrift oder Verschmutzung sind typische Ursachen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "position_sensor",
        "lifter"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor drift or aging",
            "de": "Sensordrift oder Alterung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_drag",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter mechanical drag",
            "de": "Mechanische Reibung am Schaltstößel"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor face contamination",
            "de": "Sensorfläche verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3496",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Deactivation",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Abschaltung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault in the cylinder 12 deactivation system. Found on V12 engines with cylinder deactivation.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler im Abschaltsystem von Zylinder 12 erkannt. Tritt bei V12-Motoren mit Zylinderabschaltung auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "engine_wiring_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3497",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation System Bank 2",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault in the cylinder deactivation system on bank 2. Same as P3400 but for the second cylinder bank in V-engines.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler im Zylinderabschaltsystem auf Bank 2 erkannt. Gleich wie P3400, jedoch für die zweite Zylinderbank bei V-Motoren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cylinder_deactivation_solenoid",
        "lifter",
        "oil_control_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "deactivation_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Deactivation solenoid or oil control valve failed",
            "de": "Abschalt-Magnetventil oder Öldruckventil defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lifter_stuck",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Collapsing lifter stuck",
            "de": "Schaltstößel klemmt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "low_oil_pressure",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Low oil pressure prevents activation",
            "de": "Zu niedriger Öldruck verhindert Schaltung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_displacement",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3498",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Pressure Sensor Bank 1",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Drucksensor Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault with the bank 1 cylinder deactivation pressure sensor. Newer variable displacement systems use an analogue oil pressure sensor in addition to or in place of the legacy switch; a fault disables closed-loop deactivation control on bank 1.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler am Drucksensor der Zylinderabschaltung Bank 1 erkannt. Neuere Systeme mit variablem Hubraum verwenden zusätzlich oder anstelle des klassischen Schalters einen analogen Öldrucksensor; ein Fehler deaktiviert die geschlossene Regelung der Zylinderabschaltung auf Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_sensor",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor port contaminated by sludge",
            "de": "Sensoröffnung durch Ölschlamm verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P3499",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder Deactivation Pressure Sensor Bank 2",
        "de": "Zylinderabschaltung Drucksensor Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The engine control module has detected a fault with the bank 2 cylinder deactivation pressure sensor. The analogue oil pressure sensor is used to verify the deactivation hydraulic state; a fault disables closed-loop deactivation control on bank 2.",
        "de": "Das Motorsteuergerät hat einen Fehler am Drucksensor der Zylinderabschaltung Bank 2 erkannt. Der analoge Öldrucksensor dient zur Überprüfung des hydraulischen Abschaltzustands; ein Fehler deaktiviert die geschlossene Regelung der Zylinderabschaltung auf Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "oil_pressure_sensor",
        "engine_wiring_harness",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Steckerfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "contamination",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor port contaminated by sludge",
            "de": "Sensoröffnung durch Ölschlamm verschmutzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Fuel_Management"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P349A",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 3 Deactivation/Intake Valve Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 3 Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder intake valve deactivation on cylinder 3 does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Einlassventil-Abschaltung Zylinder 3 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl3_intake_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P349B",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 4 Deactivation/Intake Valve Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 4 Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder intake valve deactivation on cylinder 4 does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Einlassventil-Abschaltung Zylinder 4 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl4_intake_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P349C",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 5 Deactivation/Intake Valve Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 5 Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder intake valve deactivation on cylinder 5 does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Einlassventil-Abschaltung Zylinder 5 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl5_intake_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P349D",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 6 Deactivation/Intake Valve Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 6 Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder intake valve deactivation on cylinder 6 does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Einlassventil-Abschaltung Zylinder 6 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl6_intake_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P349E",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 7 Deactivation/Intake Valve Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 7 Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder intake valve deactivation on cylinder 7 does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Einlassventil-Abschaltung Zylinder 7 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl7_intake_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P349F",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 8 Deactivation/Intake Valve Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 8 Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder intake valve deactivation on cylinder 8 does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Einlassventil-Abschaltung Zylinder 8 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl8_intake_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34A0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 9 Deactivation/Intake Valve Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 9 Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder intake valve deactivation on cylinder 9 does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Einlassventil-Abschaltung Zylinder 9 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl9_intake_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34A1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 10 Deactivation/Intake Valve Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 10 Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder intake valve deactivation on cylinder 10 does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Einlassventil-Abschaltung Zylinder 10 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl10_intake_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34A2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 11 Deactivation/Intake Valve Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 11 Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder intake valve deactivation on cylinder 11 does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Einlassventil-Abschaltung Zylinder 11 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl11_intake_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34A3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cylinder 12 Deactivation/Intake Valve Performance",
        "de": "Zylinder 12 Zylinderabschaltung/Einlassventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Per-cylinder intake valve deactivation on cylinder 12 does not respond as commanded.",
        "de": "Zylinderindividuelle Einlassventil-Abschaltung Zylinder 12 reagiert nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cyl12_intake_valve_actuator",
        "hydraulic_pin"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          3,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34A4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the temperature sensor of the intake camshaft position actuator on bank 1 (used by ECU to thermally protect the VVT actuator from overheating).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor des Einlass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 1 (zum thermischen Schutz des VVT-Aktuators vor Überhitzung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_temp_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34A5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Temperature sensor of the intake camshaft actuator on bank 1 reads implausibly compared to engine warm-up state or other temperatures.",
        "de": "Temperatursensor des Einlass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 1 liefert unstimmigen Wert verglichen mit dem Warmlauf oder anderen Temperaturen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_temp_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34A6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator A temperature sensor on bank 1 signal voltage below expected range — short to ground.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-A-Temperatursensor Bank 1 unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_temp_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34A7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator A temperature sensor on bank 1 signal voltage above expected range — short to power or open.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-A-Temperatursensor Bank 1 über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder Unterbrechung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_temp_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34A8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the temperature sensor of the intake camshaft position actuator on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor des Einlass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_temp_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34A9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator A temperature sensor on bank 2 reads implausibly compared to engine warm-up state.",
        "de": "Temperatursensor des Einlass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 2 liefert unstimmigen Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_temp_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34AA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator A temperature sensor on bank 2 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-A-Temperatursensor Bank 2 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_temp_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34AB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator A temperature sensor on bank 2 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-A-Temperatursensor Bank 2 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_temp_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34AC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the position sensor of the intake camshaft actuator on bank 1 (closed-loop feedback for VVT angle).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Positionssensor des Einlass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 1 (Rückführsignal für VVT-Winkel im Regelkreis)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_pos_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34AD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor of intake cam actuator on bank 1 reads implausibly compared to commanded actuator position.",
        "de": "Positionssensor des Einlass-Cam-Aktuators Bank 1 liefert unstimmigen Wert verglichen mit Sollposition."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_pos_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34AE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator A position sensor on bank 1 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-A-Positionssensor Bank 1 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_pos_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34AF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator A position sensor on bank 1 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-A-Positionssensor Bank 1 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_pos_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34B0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the position sensor of the intake cam actuator on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Positionssensor des Einlass-Cam-Aktuators Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_pos_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34B1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor of intake cam actuator on bank 2 reads implausibly.",
        "de": "Positionssensor des Einlass-Cam-Aktuators Bank 2 liefert unstimmigen Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_pos_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34B2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator A position sensor on bank 2 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-A-Positionssensor Bank 2 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_pos_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34B3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator A position sensor on bank 2 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-A-Positionssensor Bank 2 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_pos_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34B4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the temperature sensor of the exhaust camshaft position actuator on bank 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor des Auslass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_temp_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34B5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Temperature sensor of exhaust cam actuator on bank 1 reads implausibly.",
        "de": "Temperatursensor des Auslass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 1 liefert unstimmigen Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_temp_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34B6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator B temperature sensor on bank 1 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-B-Temperatursensor Bank 1 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_temp_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34B7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator B temperature sensor on bank 1 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-B-Temperatursensor Bank 1 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_temp_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34B8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the temperature sensor of the exhaust camshaft position actuator on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor des Auslass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_temp_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34B9",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Temperature sensor of exhaust cam actuator on bank 2 reads implausibly.",
        "de": "Temperatursensor des Auslass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 2 liefert unstimmigen Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_temp_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34BA",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator B temperature sensor on bank 2 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-B-Temperatursensor Bank 2 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_temp_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34BB",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Temperature Sensor Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Temperatursensor Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator B temperature sensor on bank 2 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-B-Temperatursensor Bank 2 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_temp_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34BC",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the position sensor of the exhaust cam actuator on bank 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Positionssensor des Auslass-Cam-Aktuators Bank 1."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_pos_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34BD",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Range/Performance Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Bereich/Leistung Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor of exhaust cam actuator on bank 1 reads implausibly compared to commanded position.",
        "de": "Positionssensor des Auslass-Cam-Aktuators Bank 1 liefert unstimmigen Wert verglichen mit Sollposition."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_pos_sensor_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34BE",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Low Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator B position sensor on bank 1 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-B-Positionssensor Bank 1 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_pos_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34BF",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit High Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator B position sensor on bank 1 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-B-Positionssensor Bank 1 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_pos_sensor_b1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34C0",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the position sensor of the exhaust cam actuator on bank 2.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Positionssensor des Auslass-Cam-Aktuators Bank 2."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_pos_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34C1",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Range/Performance Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Bereich/Leistung Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Position sensor of exhaust cam actuator on bank 2 reads implausibly.",
        "de": "Positionssensor des Auslass-Cam-Aktuators Bank 2 liefert unstimmigen Wert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_pos_sensor_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor reading drifted",
            "de": "Sensorwert verschoben"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34C2",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit Low Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis niedrig Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator B position sensor on bank 2 signal voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-B-Positionssensor Bank 2 unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_pos_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Signalleitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34C3",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Position Sensor A Circuit High Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Positionssensor A Schaltkreis hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Cam actuator B position sensor on bank 2 signal voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Signalspannung Cam-Aktuator-B-Positionssensor Bank 2 über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_pos_sensor_b2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Signal wire open",
            "de": "Signalleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34C4",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High Bank 1",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Endstufen-Strom/Temperatur zu hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver stage controlling the intake cam position actuator on bank 1 reports overcurrent or overtemperature, triggering thermal shutdown to protect the electronics.",
        "de": "Die Endstufe zur Ansteuerung des Einlass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 1 meldet Überstrom oder Übertemperatur und schaltet zum Schutz der Elektronik thermisch ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_driver_b1",
        "cam_actuator_a_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short circuit in actuator wiring or coil",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in Aktuator-Verkabelung oder Spule"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "actuator_seized",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator mechanically seized, drawing high current",
            "de": "Aktuator mechanisch festgefressen, hoher Strom"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34C5",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "A Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High Bank 2",
        "de": "A-Nockenwellenversteller Endstufen-Strom/Temperatur zu hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Driver stage controlling the intake cam position actuator on bank 2 reports overcurrent or overtemperature.",
        "de": "Endstufe des Einlass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 2 meldet Überstrom oder Übertemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_a_driver_b2",
        "cam_actuator_a_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short circuit in actuator wiring or coil",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in Aktuator-Verkabelung oder Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34C6",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High Bank 1",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Endstufen-Strom/Temperatur zu hoch Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Driver stage controlling the exhaust cam position actuator on bank 1 reports overcurrent or overtemperature.",
        "de": "Endstufe des Auslass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 1 meldet Überstrom oder Übertemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_driver_b1",
        "cam_actuator_b_b1"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short circuit in actuator wiring or coil",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in Aktuator-Verkabelung oder Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34C7",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "B Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Driver Current/Temperature Too High Bank 2",
        "de": "B-Nockenwellenversteller Endstufen-Strom/Temperatur zu hoch Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Driver stage controlling the exhaust cam position actuator on bank 2 reports overcurrent or overtemperature.",
        "de": "Endstufe des Auslass-Nockenwellenverstellers Bank 2 meldet Überstrom oder Übertemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_actuator_b_driver_b2",
        "cam_actuator_b_b2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Short circuit in actuator wiring or coil",
            "de": "Kurzschluss in Aktuator-Verkabelung oder Spule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "P34C8",
      "category": "powertrain",
      "title": {
        "en": "Camshaft Position Control Module Performance",
        "de": "Nockenwellenpositions-Steuermodul Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The dedicated camshaft position control module reports an internal performance fault — self-diagnostic flagged an issue with internal computation, drivers or sensor interfaces.",
        "de": "Das dedizierte Nockenwellenpositions-Steuermodul meldet einen internen Leistungsfehler — Eigendiagnose hat einen Fehler an interner Berechnung, Endstufen oder Sensorschnittstellen erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0001",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Speed CAN Communication Bus",
        "de": "High-Speed CAN Kommunikationsbus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A general fault on the high-speed CAN bus has been detected. This bus typically connects powertrain modules (ECM, TCM, ABS) at 500 kbit/s and a fault disables communication between them, often triggering multiple secondary DTCs in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein allgemeiner Fehler am High-Speed CAN-Bus wurde erkannt. Dieser Bus verbindet typischerweise Antriebsstrang-Steuergeräte (ECM, TCM, ABS) mit 500 kbit/s und ein Fehler verhindert die Kommunikation zwischen ihnen, was oft viele Folgefehler in anderen Steuergeräten auslöst."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "can_terminating_resistor",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_high_low_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-High and CAN-Low shorted together",
            "de": "CAN-High und CAN-Low kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_open_circuit",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Open circuit in CAN bus wiring",
            "de": "Unterbrechung in der CAN-Bus-Verkabelung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "terminating_resistor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Terminating resistor failed (not 60 ohms across bus)",
            "de": "Abschlusswiderstand defekt (nicht 60 Ohm über den Bus)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0002",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Speed CAN Communication Bus Performance",
        "de": "High-Speed CAN Kommunikationsbus Performance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The high-speed CAN bus is functional but performance is degraded — frame errors, bit errors or excessive bus load have been detected. Communication may be intermittent rather than completely lost, leading to sporadic warning lamps.",
        "de": "Der High-Speed CAN-Bus funktioniert grundsätzlich, aber die Performance ist eingeschränkt — Rahmenfehler, Bitfehler oder zu hohe Buslast wurden erkannt. Die Kommunikation kann sporadisch ausfallen statt komplett zu verschwinden, was zu sprunghaft auftauchenden Warnleuchten führt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_wire_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corrosion or poor contact in CAN connectors",
            "de": "Korrosion oder schlechter Kontakt in CAN-Steckverbindern"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "emi_interference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Electromagnetic interference (aftermarket electronics)",
            "de": "Elektromagnetische Störungen (Nachrüstelektronik)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "marginal_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One module sending malformed frames",
            "de": "Ein Steuergerät sendet fehlerhafte Frames"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0003",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Speed CAN Communication Bus (+) Open",
        "de": "High-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN-High line of the high-speed bus is open. Without the differential pair, the controller cannot decode any traffic and reports loss of all participating modules at once. Often follows a wiring repair, accident damage, or a corroded connector pin.",
        "de": "Die CAN-High-Leitung des High-Speed-Bus ist unterbrochen. Ohne das differenzielle Leitungspaar kann der Controller keine Botschaften mehr dekodieren und meldet schlagartig den Ausfall aller Teilnehmer. Tritt oft nach Reparaturen am Kabelbaum, Unfallschäden oder korrodierten Steckkontakten auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire",
        "module_connector",
        "can_transceiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_wire_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-High wire broken or pin pushed back",
            "de": "CAN-High-Leitung unterbrochen oder Pin im Stecker zurückgedrückt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "connector_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corroded module connector",
            "de": "Korrodierter Steuergerätestecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Harness damage after repair or accident",
            "de": "Kabelbaumschaden nach Reparatur oder Unfall"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0004",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Speed CAN Communication Bus (+) Low",
        "de": "High-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (+) zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN-High signal stays below its valid voltage window. Common cause is a short to ground on the CAN-H wire or a transceiver that pulls the line down. The bus stops working until the offending node is isolated.",
        "de": "Das CAN-High-Signal bleibt dauerhaft unterhalb des gültigen Spannungsfensters. Typische Ursache ist ein Massekurzschluss an der CAN-H-Leitung oder ein Transceiver, der die Leitung herunterzieht. Der Bus arbeitet erst wieder, nachdem der defekte Knoten getrennt wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire",
        "can_transceiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-High shorted to ground",
            "de": "CAN-High gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "transceiver_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal transceiver failure on a node",
            "de": "Interner Transceiver-Defekt an einem Knoten"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0005",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Speed CAN Communication Bus (+) High",
        "de": "High-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (+) zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN-High line is held above its valid voltage range, usually because of a short to battery voltage. Bus communication collapses for every connected module.",
        "de": "Die CAN-High-Leitung wird über das gültige Spannungsfenster hinaus gezogen, meist durch einen Kurzschluss gegen Batteriespannung. Die Buskommunikation bricht für alle angebundenen Steuergeräte zusammen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire",
        "module_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_short_to_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-High shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "CAN-High gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "chafed_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed harness against power wire",
            "de": "Durchgescheuerter Kabelbaum an Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0006",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) Open",
        "de": "High-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN-Low wire of the high-speed bus is open. The differential signal can no longer be evaluated correctly, so all bus participants report communication loss simultaneously.",
        "de": "Die CAN-Low-Leitung des High-Speed-Bus ist unterbrochen. Das differenzielle Signal kann nicht mehr korrekt ausgewertet werden, daher melden alle Bus-Teilnehmer gleichzeitig Kommunikationsverlust."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_low_wire",
        "module_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canl_wire_broken",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-Low wire broken",
            "de": "CAN-Low-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pin_backed_out",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pin pushed back in connector",
            "de": "Pin im Steckergehäuse zurückgedrückt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0007",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) Low",
        "de": "High-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN-Low line is shorted to ground or held below its valid recessive level. The differential pair cannot transmit data and the bus is effectively dead.",
        "de": "Die CAN-Low-Leitung ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen oder bleibt unter ihrem gültigen Ruhepegel. Das Leitungspaar kann keine Daten mehr übertragen, der Bus ist faktisch tot."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_low_wire",
        "can_transceiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canl_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-Low shorted to ground",
            "de": "CAN-Low gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "transceiver_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Failed transceiver on one module",
            "de": "Defekter Transceiver an einem Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0008",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) High",
        "de": "High-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN-Low signal is held above its valid range, typically because of a short to battery voltage on the CAN-L wire. Bus communication is lost for every node sharing this segment.",
        "de": "Das CAN-Low-Signal liegt dauerhaft über dem gültigen Bereich, meist durch einen Kurzschluss der CAN-L-Leitung gegen Batteriespannung. Die Buskommunikation fällt für alle Knoten dieses Segments aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_low_wire",
        "module_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canl_short_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-Low shorted to battery voltage",
            "de": "CAN-Low gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "harness_chafed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chafed harness against power wire",
            "de": "Durchgescheuerter Kabelbaum an Versorgungsleitung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0009",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) Shorted to Bus (+)",
        "de": "High-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) mit (+) kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-High and CAN-Low are shorted together. The differential signal collapses to zero and the bus controller can no longer separate dominant from recessive bits, so all communication stops.",
        "de": "CAN-High und CAN-Low sind miteinander kurzgeschlossen. Das differenzielle Signal bricht auf null zusammen, der Bus-Controller kann dominante und rezessive Bits nicht mehr unterscheiden, die Kommunikation steht still."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire",
        "can_low_wire",
        "module_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_canl_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-H and CAN-L shorted together",
            "de": "CAN-H und CAN-L miteinander kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pinched_harness",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pinched harness behind a module",
            "de": "Eingeklemmter Kabelbaum hinter einem Steuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0010",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medium Speed CAN Communication Bus",
        "de": "Medium-Speed CAN Kommunikationsbus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault on the medium-speed CAN bus has been detected. This bus (typically 125 kbit/s) connects body and comfort modules — BCM, climate, doors, infotainment. A failure usually disables comfort functions but leaves the powertrain operational.",
        "de": "Ein Fehler am Medium-Speed CAN-Bus wurde erkannt. Dieser Bus (typischerweise 125 kbit/s) verbindet Karosserie- und Komfort-Steuergeräte — BCM, Klima, Türen, Infotainment. Ein Ausfall deaktiviert in der Regel Komfortfunktionen, lässt den Antrieb aber funktionsfähig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_short_to_voltage_or_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "MS-CAN line shorted to supply or ground",
            "de": "MS-CAN-Leitung gegen Versorgung oder Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failing_comfort_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One failing comfort module pulling the bus down",
            "de": "Defektes Komfort-Steuergerät zieht den Bus herunter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0011",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medium Speed CAN Communication Bus Performance",
        "de": "Medium-Speed CAN Kommunikationsbus Performance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The medium-speed CAN bus is operating but with degraded performance — frame errors or excessive error counters. Comfort and infotainment functions may operate intermittently.",
        "de": "Der Medium-Speed CAN-Bus arbeitet, aber mit eingeschränkter Performance — Rahmenfehler oder zu hohe Fehlerzähler. Komfort- und Infotainment-Funktionen können sporadisch ausfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_wire_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corrosion in body harness connectors",
            "de": "Korrosion in Karosserieleitungs-Steckern"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "marginal_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One module sending malformed frames",
            "de": "Ein Steuergerät sendet fehlerhafte Frames"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0012",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medium Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) Open",
        "de": "Medium-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN-Low wire on the medium-speed comfort/body bus is open. Body modules such as door modules, climate control or seat modules lose communication, but powertrain functions usually stay alive.",
        "de": "Die CAN-Low-Leitung des Medium-Speed-Komfort-/Bordnetz-Bus ist unterbrochen. Karosseriesteuergeräte wie Türmodule, Klimasteuerung oder Sitzmodule verlieren die Kommunikation, der Antriebsstrang bleibt meist funktionsfähig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_low_wire",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canl_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-Low wire broken in body harness",
            "de": "CAN-Low-Leitung im Bordnetz unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bcm_connector",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Loose body control module connector",
            "de": "Loser Stecker am Bordnetzsteuergerät"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0013",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medium Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) Low",
        "de": "Medium-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN-Low signal of the medium-speed bus is shorted to ground. Comfort and body modules can no longer exchange messages and trigger several user-visible faults at once (windows, locking, lighting).",
        "de": "Das CAN-Low-Signal des Medium-Speed-Bus ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen. Komfort- und Karosseriesteuergeräte können keine Botschaften mehr austauschen und melden mehrere für den Nutzer sichtbare Fehler gleichzeitig (Fenster, Verriegelung, Licht)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_low_wire",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canl_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-Low shorted to ground",
            "de": "CAN-Low gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_in_door_connector",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress in door connector",
            "de": "Wassereintritt in Türstecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0014",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medium Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) High",
        "de": "Medium-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-Low on the medium-speed bus is shorted to battery voltage. The differential bus cannot work, body and comfort modules drop out of the network.",
        "de": "CAN-Low im Medium-Speed-Bus ist gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen. Der differenzielle Bus arbeitet nicht mehr, Karosserie- und Komfortmodule fallen aus dem Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_low_wire",
        "module_connector"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canl_short_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-Low shorted to battery",
            "de": "CAN-Low gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0015",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medium Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) Shorted to Bus (+)",
        "de": "Medium-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) mit (+) kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-High and CAN-Low on the medium-speed bus are shorted together. The differential signal collapses; body and comfort modules drop offline.",
        "de": "CAN-High und CAN-Low des Medium-Speed-Bus sind miteinander kurzgeschlossen. Das differenzielle Signal bricht zusammen, Karosserie- und Komfortmodule fallen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire",
        "can_low_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "harness_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-H/CAN-L harness short",
            "de": "CAN-H/CAN-L-Kurzschluss im Kabelbaum"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0016",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medium Speed CAN Communication Bus Off",
        "de": "Medium-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus abgeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A controller on the medium-speed comfort bus has shut its transceiver off after too many consecutive transmit errors. Comfort and body functions stop responding until the bus recovers or is repaired.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät am Medium-Speed-Komfortbus hat seinen Transceiver nach zu vielen aufeinander folgenden Sendefehlern abgeschaltet. Komfort- und Karosseriefunktionen reagieren nicht mehr, bis der Bus wieder aktiv wird oder die Ursache behoben ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_off_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring short forces bus-off state",
            "de": "Kurzschluss erzwingt Bus-Off-Zustand"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failing_node",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One failing node corrupts traffic",
            "de": "Ein defekter Knoten stört den Bus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0017",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medium Speed CAN Communication Bus (+) Open",
        "de": "Medium-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN-High wire of the medium-speed bus is open. Body and comfort modules drop offline; the cluster typically displays multiple comfort warnings simultaneously.",
        "de": "Die CAN-High-Leitung des Medium-Speed-Bus ist unterbrochen. Karosserie- und Komfortmodule fallen aus, im Kombiinstrument erscheinen meist mehrere Komfortwarnungen gleichzeitig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-High wire broken in body harness",
            "de": "CAN-High-Leitung im Bordnetz unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0018",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medium Speed CAN Communication Bus (+) Low",
        "de": "Medium-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (+) zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-High on the medium-speed bus is shorted to ground. The differential pair cannot work, all body and comfort nodes drop offline at the same time.",
        "de": "CAN-High des Medium-Speed-Bus ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen. Das differenzielle Leitungspaar arbeitet nicht mehr, alle Karosserie- und Komfortknoten fallen gleichzeitig aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-High shorted to ground",
            "de": "CAN-High gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0019",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medium Speed CAN Communication Bus (+) High",
        "de": "Medium-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (+) zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-High on the medium-speed bus is shorted to battery voltage. The bus is non-functional and all comfort modules drop offline.",
        "de": "CAN-High des Medium-Speed-Bus ist gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen. Der Bus ist nicht funktionsfähig, alle Komfortmodule fallen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_short_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-High shorted to battery",
            "de": "CAN-High gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0020",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Speed CAN Communication Bus (+) Open",
        "de": "Low-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN-High wire of a low-speed comfort bus (e.g. ISO 11898-3 / fault-tolerant CAN) is open. Single-wire fallback may keep some functions alive but a fault is logged because the bus is no longer fault-tolerant.",
        "de": "Die CAN-High-Leitung eines Low-Speed-Komfortbus (z. B. ISO 11898-3 / fehlertoleranter CAN) ist unterbrochen. Ein Single-Wire-Notbetrieb kann Funktionen aufrechterhalten, der Fehler wird aber gesetzt, weil der Bus nicht mehr fehlertolerant arbeitet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_speed_can_wiring",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-High wire broken",
            "de": "CAN-High-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0021",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Speed CAN Communication Bus (+) Low",
        "de": "Low-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (+) zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-High on the low-speed comfort bus is shorted to ground. Bus signaling is impaired or lost; affected comfort modules drop offline.",
        "de": "CAN-High des Low-Speed-Komfortbus ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen. Die Bussignalisierung ist gestört oder nicht mehr möglich, betroffene Komfortmodule fallen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_speed_can_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-High shorted to ground",
            "de": "CAN-High gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0022",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Speed CAN Communication Bus (+) High",
        "de": "Low-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (+) zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-High on the low-speed bus is shorted to battery. Single-wire fallback is also disturbed; comfort modules report communication faults.",
        "de": "CAN-High des Low-Speed-Bus ist gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen. Auch der Single-Wire-Notbetrieb ist gestört, Komfortmodule melden Kommunikationsfehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_speed_can_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_short_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-High shorted to battery",
            "de": "CAN-High gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0023",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Speed CAN Communication Bus (+) Shorted to Bus (-)",
        "de": "Low-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (+) mit (-) kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-High and CAN-Low on the low-speed comfort bus are shorted together. Both differential and single-wire modes fail; comfort modules drop offline.",
        "de": "CAN-High und CAN-Low des Low-Speed-Komfortbus sind miteinander kurzgeschlossen. Differenzieller und Single-Wire-Betrieb fallen aus, Komfortmodule sind offline."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_speed_can_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_canl_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-H/CAN-L shorted together",
            "de": "CAN-H/CAN-L miteinander kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0024",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Speed CAN Communication Bus Off",
        "de": "Low-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus abgeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The low-speed CAN controller has gone bus-off after repeated error frames. The fault-tolerant single-wire fallback is exhausted and the bus stops carrying traffic.",
        "de": "Der Low-Speed-CAN-Controller ist nach wiederholten Error-Frames in den Bus-Off-Zustand gegangen. Der fehlertolerante Single-Wire-Notbetrieb ist ausgeschöpft und der Bus überträgt keine Daten mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_speed_can_wiring",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_off_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring short keeps bus in bus-off",
            "de": "Kurzschluss hält Bus im Bus-Off"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failing_node",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One failing node spamming errors",
            "de": "Ein defekter Knoten erzeugt Dauer-Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0025",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) Open",
        "de": "Low-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-Low on the low-speed comfort bus is open. The bus runs in single-wire fallback only; a fault is set because fault-tolerance is lost.",
        "de": "CAN-Low des Low-Speed-Komfortbus ist unterbrochen. Der Bus läuft nur noch im Single-Wire-Notbetrieb, ein Fehler wird gesetzt, weil die Fehlertoleranz verloren ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_speed_can_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canl_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-Low wire broken",
            "de": "CAN-Low-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0026",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) Low",
        "de": "Low-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-Low on the low-speed bus is shorted to ground. Differential signaling is no longer reliable, modules drop offline.",
        "de": "CAN-Low des Low-Speed-Bus ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen. Die differenzielle Signalisierung ist nicht mehr zuverlässig, Module fallen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_speed_can_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canl_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-Low shorted to ground",
            "de": "CAN-Low gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0027",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Low Speed CAN Communication Bus (-) High",
        "de": "Low-Speed-CAN-Kommunikationsbus (-) zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN-Low on the low-speed bus is shorted to battery. Bus signaling is no longer possible; comfort modules drop offline.",
        "de": "CAN-Low des Low-Speed-Bus ist gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen. Die Bussignalisierung ist nicht mehr möglich, Komfortmodule fallen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_speed_can_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canl_short_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-Low shorted to battery",
            "de": "CAN-Low gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0028",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus A",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on vehicle communication bus A. The controller flags an unspecified electrical or protocol fault on this bus segment that does not match the more specific U0xxx subcodes.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus A. Der Controller meldet eine unspezifische elektrische oder protokollseitige Störung dieses Bus-Segments, die nicht zu den spezifischeren U0xxx-Codes passt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent CAN wiring fault",
            "de": "Sporadischer CAN-Leitungsfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bad_node",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Marginal node corrupting traffic",
            "de": "Grenzwertiger Knoten stört den Datenverkehr"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0029",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on vehicle communication bus B. Used as a catch-all for unspecified problems on a secondary CAN/comfort segment.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B. Wird als Sammelfehler für unspezifische Probleme an einem zweiten CAN-/Komfort-Segment verwendet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent wiring fault on bus B",
            "de": "Sporadischer Leitungsfehler an Bus B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0030",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Powertrain Sensor Data Bus",
        "de": "Antriebsstrang-Sensordatenbus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A fault has been detected on the dedicated powertrain sensor data bus (a sub-bus used for high-speed sensor data such as crank, knock or wheel-speed). Symptoms range from rough running to limp-home, depending on which sensor stream is missing.",
        "de": "Auf dem speziellen Antriebsstrang-Sensordatenbus (ein Sub-Bus für schnelle Sensordaten wie Kurbelwellen-, Klopf- oder Raddrehzahlsensoren) wurde ein Fehler erkannt. Symptome reichen von unruhigem Lauf bis Notlauf, je nachdem welcher Sensor-Datenstrom fehlt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sensor_data_bus",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_bus_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor data bus wiring damaged",
            "de": "Sensor-Datenbus-Verkabelung beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sensor_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor module on bus failed",
            "de": "Sensor-Modul am Bus defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0031",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus C (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus C (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The plus line of vehicle bus C is open. Modules sharing this segment drop offline.",
        "de": "Die Plus-Leitung des Fahrzeugbus C ist unterbrochen. Module dieses Segments fallen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus-C high wire broken",
            "de": "Bus-C-High-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0032",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus A (+) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus A (+) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The communication bus A high-side line (CAN-H or equivalent) is at a higher voltage than allowed. Likely short to power or a transceiver fault that pulls the line high.",
        "de": "Die High-Leitung von Bus A (CAN-H oder Äquivalent) liegt über dem erlaubten Spannungsbereich. Meist Plus-Schluss oder defekter Transceiver, der die Leitung hoch zieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_a_wiring",
        "bus_a_transceiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus high line shorted to battery",
            "de": "Bus-High-Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "transceiver_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transceiver in one node failed",
            "de": "Transceiver in einem Knoten defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0033",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus A (-) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus A (-) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The communication bus A low-side line (CAN-L) is open — broken wire, unplugged connector, or terminator missing.",
        "de": "Die Low-Leitung von Bus A (CAN-L) ist unterbrochen — Kabelbruch, gelöster Stecker oder fehlender Terminator."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_a_wiring",
        "bus_a_terminator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-L wire broken or unplugged",
            "de": "CAN-L-Leitung gebrochen oder Stecker ab"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0034",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus A (-) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus A (-) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus A low-side line voltage below the expected range. Short to ground or transceiver pulling line low.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-A-Low-Leitung unter Sollbereich. Masseschluss oder Transceiver zieht die Leitung niedrig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_a_wiring",
        "bus_a_transceiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-L shorted to ground",
            "de": "CAN-L mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0035",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus A (-) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus A (-) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus A low-side line voltage above the expected range. Short to power or transceiver fault.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-A-Low-Leitung über Sollbereich. Plus-Schluss oder Transceiver-Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_a_wiring",
        "bus_a_transceiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-L shorted to battery",
            "de": "CAN-L mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0036",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus A (-) shorted to Bus A (+)",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus A (-) mit Bus A (+) kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The two lines of differential bus A are shorted together. Communication impossible — both lines see the same voltage.",
        "de": "Die beiden Leitungen des Differential-Bus A sind miteinander kurzgeschlossen. Kommunikation unmöglich — beide Leitungen liegen auf gleichem Potential."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_a_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_between_lines",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN-H/CAN-L shorted together",
            "de": "CAN-H/CAN-L untereinander kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0037",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on vehicle communication bus B (second physical bus, e.g. body CAN, comfort CAN, or LIN). One or more nodes cannot communicate.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Kommunikationsbus B (zweiter physischer Bus, z. B. Komfort-CAN oder LIN). Knoten können nicht kommunizieren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_b_wiring",
        "bus_b_nodes"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or node fault on bus B",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Knotenfehler auf Bus B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0038",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus B is electrically OK but message rate or error counters are outside spec. Often intermittent wiring or a degraded transceiver.",
        "de": "Bus B ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber Nachrichtenrate oder Fehlerzähler liegen außerhalb der Spezifikation. Häufig sporadische Verkabelung oder schwacher Transceiver."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_b_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed or marginal",
            "de": "Verkabelung scheuert oder grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0039",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus B high-side line is open — broken wire or disconnected.",
        "de": "Bus-B-High-Leitung ist unterbrochen — Kabelbruch oder Stecker ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_b_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken or connector unplugged",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen oder Stecker ab"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0040",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Communication Bus Off",
        "de": "Kommunikationsbus abgeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has counted enough transmit errors to enter the bus-off state defined by ISO 11898 and stops transmitting on the bus. Multiple modules typically lose communication and several warning lamps illuminate at once.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat genug Sendefehler gezählt, um den in ISO 11898 definierten Bus-Off-Zustand einzunehmen, und stellt das Senden auf dem Bus ein. Mehrere Steuergeräte verlieren typischerweise die Kommunikation und mehrere Warnleuchten leuchten gleichzeitig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "can_terminating_resistor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN line shorted to supply or ground",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung gegen Versorgung oder Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "terminating_resistor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Terminating resistor failed",
            "de": "Abschlusswiderstand defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0041",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B (+) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B (+) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus B high-side line voltage above expected range — short to power or transceiver fault.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-B-High-Leitung über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss oder Transceiver-Fehler."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_b_wiring",
        "bus_b_transceiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0042",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus D (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus D (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The plus line of vehicle bus D is open. The fault is reported by the gateway when traffic from this segment disappears.",
        "de": "Die Plus-Leitung des Fahrzeugbus D ist unterbrochen. Der Fehler wird vom Gateway gemeldet, sobald der Datenverkehr aus diesem Segment ausfällt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire",
        "gateway_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus-D high wire broken",
            "de": "Bus-D-High-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0043",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B (-) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B (-) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus B low-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-B-Low-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_b_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0044",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B (-) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B (-) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus B low-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-B-Low-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_b_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0045",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B (-) shorted to Bus B (+)",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B (-) mit Bus B (+) kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The two lines of differential bus B are shorted together.",
        "de": "Die beiden Leitungen des Differential-Bus B sind miteinander kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_b_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_between_lines",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus lines shorted together",
            "de": "Bus-Leitungen untereinander kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0046",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus C",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on bus C (third bus, often chassis CAN or diagnostic CAN).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Bus C (dritter Bus, oft Chassis-CAN oder Diagnose-CAN)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_c_wiring",
        "bus_c_nodes"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or node fault on bus C",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Knotenfehler auf Bus C"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0047",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus C Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus C Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus C is electrically OK but message rate or error counters are outside spec. Often intermittent wiring or a degraded transceiver.",
        "de": "Bus C ist elektrisch in Ordnung, aber Nachrichtenrate oder Fehlerzähler liegen außerhalb der Spezifikation. Häufig sporadische Verkabelung oder schwacher Transceiver."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_c_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed or marginal",
            "de": "Verkabelung scheuert oder grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0048",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus C (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus C (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus C high-side line open. Same diagnostic as U0039 on bus C.",
        "de": "Bus-C-High-Leitung unterbrochen. Wie U0039, jedoch Bus C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_c_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0049",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus C (+) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus C (+) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus C high-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-C-High-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_c_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0050",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus E (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus E (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The plus line of vehicle bus E (often a secondary safety or chassis CAN) is open. Loss of this segment usually disables related convenience or chassis features.",
        "de": "Die Plus-Leitung des Fahrzeugbus E (oft sekundärer Sicherheits- oder Fahrwerks-CAN) ist unterbrochen. Der Ausfall dieses Segments deaktiviert meist die zugehörigen Komfort- oder Fahrwerksfunktionen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus-E high wire broken",
            "de": "Bus-E-High-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0051",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus C (-) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus C (-) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus C low-side line open.",
        "de": "Bus-C-Low-Leitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_c_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0052",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus C (-) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus C (-) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus C low-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-C-Low-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_c_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0053",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus C (-) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus C (-) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus C low-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-C-Low-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_c_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0054",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus C (-) shorted to Bus C (+)",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus C (-) mit Bus C (+) kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus C lines shorted together.",
        "de": "Bus-C-Leitungen untereinander kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_c_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_between_lines",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus lines shorted together",
            "de": "Bus-Leitungen untereinander kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0055",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus D",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on bus D (fourth bus, often dedicated subsystem like infotainment or driver assistance).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Bus D (vierter Bus, oft eigenes Subsystem wie Infotainment oder Fahrerassistenz)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_d_wiring",
        "bus_d_nodes"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or node fault on bus D",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Knotenfehler auf Bus D"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0056",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus D Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus D Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus D error counters or message rate out of spec.",
        "de": "Bus D Fehlerzähler oder Nachrichtenrate außerhalb Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_d_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed or marginal",
            "de": "Verkabelung scheuert oder grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0057",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus D (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus D (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus D high-side line open.",
        "de": "Bus-D-High-Leitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_d_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0058",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus D (+) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus D (+) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus D high-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-D-High-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_d_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0059",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus D (+) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus D (+) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus D high-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-D-High-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_d_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0060",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus F (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus F (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The plus line of vehicle bus F is open. Used by some vehicles for body or infotainment subnets; loss disables those features.",
        "de": "Die Plus-Leitung des Fahrzeugbus F ist unterbrochen. Wird in einigen Fahrzeugen für Karosserie- oder Infotainment-Subnetze verwendet, beim Ausfall fallen diese Funktionen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus-F high wire broken",
            "de": "Bus-F-High-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0061",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus D (-) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus D (-) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus D low-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-D-Low-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_d_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0062",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus D (-) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus D (-) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus D low-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-D-Low-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_d_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0063",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus D (-) shorted to Bus D (+)",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus D (-) mit Bus D (+) kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus D lines shorted together.",
        "de": "Bus-D-Leitungen untereinander kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_d_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_between_lines",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus lines shorted together",
            "de": "Bus-Leitungen untereinander kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0064",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus E",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on bus E (fifth bus).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Bus E (fünfter Bus)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_e_wiring",
        "bus_e_nodes"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or node fault on bus E",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Knotenfehler auf Bus E"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0065",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus E Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus E Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus E error counters or message rate out of spec.",
        "de": "Bus E Fehlerzähler oder Nachrichtenrate außerhalb Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_e_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed or marginal",
            "de": "Verkabelung scheuert oder grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0066",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus E (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus E (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus E high-side line open.",
        "de": "Bus-E-High-Leitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_e_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0067",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus E (+) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus E (+) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus E high-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-E-High-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_e_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0068",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus E (+) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus E (+) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus E high-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-E-High-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_e_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0069",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus E (-) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus E (-) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus E low-side line open.",
        "de": "Bus-E-Low-Leitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_e_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0070",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Communication Bus \"B\" Performance",
        "de": "Kommunikationsbus \"B\" Leistungsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The secondary communication bus (Bus B, often a chassis or comfort sub-bus) shows reduced performance — high error rate, intermittent dropouts, or framing errors. Bus is still alive but unreliable.",
        "de": "Der sekundäre Kommunikationsbus (Bus B, oft ein Fahrwerks- oder Komfort-Sub-Bus) zeigt reduzierte Leistung — hohe Fehlerrate, sporadische Ausfälle oder Framing-Fehler. Der Bus ist noch aktiv, aber unzuverlässig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "can_terminating_resistor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "marginal_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Marginal wiring or corroded connector",
            "de": "Grenzwertige Verkabelung oder korrodierter Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "emi_interference",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EMI interference (aftermarket equipment)",
            "de": "EMV-Störung (Nachrüstausstattung)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0071",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus A (+) Bus Off",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus A (+) Bus-Off"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN controller for bus A has shut its plus driver after exceeding the SAE J2284 / ISO 11898 transmit error threshold. The node disconnects from the bus until error counters recover.",
        "de": "Der CAN-Controller für Bus A hat seinen Plus-Treiber abgeschaltet, nachdem die Sendefehler-Schwelle nach SAE J2284 / ISO 11898 überschritten wurde. Der Knoten trennt sich vom Bus, bis sich die Fehlerzähler erholen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_transceiver",
        "can_high_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "persistent_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent short on the CAN-H wire",
            "de": "Dauerhafter Kurzschluss auf CAN-H"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "faulty_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One module driving bus permanently dominant",
            "de": "Ein Modul hält den Bus dauerhaft dominant"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0072",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus A (-) Bus Off",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus A (-) Bus-Off"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN controller for bus A has gone bus-off on the minus side. Common after a CAN-L short or a faulty transceiver pulling the bus low.",
        "de": "Der CAN-Controller für Bus A ist auf der Minus-Seite in den Bus-Off-Zustand gegangen. Tritt häufig nach einem CAN-L-Kurzschluss oder bei einem defekten Transceiver auf, der den Bus dauerhaft auf Low zieht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_transceiver",
        "can_low_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canl_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent short on CAN-L wire",
            "de": "Dauerhafter Kurzschluss auf CAN-L"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0073",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Communication Bus \"A\" Off",
        "de": "Steuergerät-Kommunikationsbus \"A\" abgeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that the communication bus is non-functional and has shut its bus interface off. Affects multiple modules at once because none can communicate; on most vehicles the dashboard lights up with several warning lamps simultaneously.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass der Kommunikationsbus nicht funktioniert, und seine Bus-Schnittstelle abgeschaltet. Betrifft mehrere Steuergeräte gleichzeitig, weil keines mehr kommunizieren kann; im Kombiinstrument leuchten meist mehrere Warnlampen auf einmal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "can_terminating_resistor",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_short_to_voltage_or_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN line shorted to supply or ground",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung gegen Versorgung oder Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "terminating_resistor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Terminating resistor failed",
            "de": "Abschlusswiderstand defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failing_module_pulling_bus_down",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One failing module pulling the bus down",
            "de": "Ein defektes Steuergerät zieht den Bus herunter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0074",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Communication Bus \"B\" Off",
        "de": "Steuergerät-Kommunikationsbus \"B\" abgeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has shut its bus B interface off because the bus is non-functional. Bus B is typically a secondary CAN segment (often body or chassis) and a failure disables all modules connected to it.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat seine Bus-B-Schnittstelle abgeschaltet, weil der Bus nicht funktioniert. Bus B ist typischerweise ein sekundäres CAN-Segment (häufig Karosserie oder Fahrwerk) und ein Ausfall deaktiviert alle daran angeschlossenen Steuergeräte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "can_terminating_resistor",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_short_to_voltage_or_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus B line shorted to supply or ground",
            "de": "Bus-B-Leitung gegen Versorgung oder Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failing_module_pulling_bus_down",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One failing module pulling the bus down",
            "de": "Ein defektes Steuergerät zieht den Bus herunter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0075",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Communication Bus \"B\" Performance",
        "de": "Steuergerät-Kommunikationsbus \"B\" Performance"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus B is operational but performance is degraded — error frames or out-of-spec timing. Modules on this bus may behave erratically.",
        "de": "Bus B funktioniert, aber die Performance ist eingeschränkt — Fehlerframes oder Zeitverhalten außerhalb der Spezifikation. Steuergeräte auf diesem Bus können sich sprunghaft verhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_wire_corrosion",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corrosion or poor contact in connectors",
            "de": "Korrosion oder schlechter Kontakt in Steckverbindern"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "marginal_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One module sending malformed frames",
            "de": "Ein Steuergerät sendet fehlerhafte Frames"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0076",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Communication Bus \"C\" Off",
        "de": "Steuergerät-Kommunikationsbus \"C\" abgeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has shut its bus C interface off because the bus is non-functional. Bus C is typically a tertiary CAN or LIN segment used for diagnostic or specialized subsystems.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat seine Bus-C-Schnittstelle abgeschaltet, weil der Bus nicht funktioniert. Bus C ist typischerweise ein tertiäres CAN- oder LIN-Segment, das für Diagnose oder spezialisierte Subsysteme verwendet wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "can_short_to_voltage_or_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus C line shorted to supply or ground",
            "de": "Bus-C-Leitung gegen Versorgung oder Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failing_module_pulling_bus_down",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One failing module pulling the bus down",
            "de": "Ein defektes Steuergerät zieht den Bus herunter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0077",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B Off",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B abgeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A controller on bus B has reached its transmit error limit and shut its transceiver off. All traffic on this segment stops until the cause is removed.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät an Bus B hat sein Sendefehler-Limit erreicht und den Transceiver abgeschaltet. Der Datenverkehr auf diesem Segment ruht, bis die Ursache beseitigt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_transceiver",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "persistent_bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Persistent wiring fault on bus B",
            "de": "Dauerhafter Leitungsfehler auf Bus B"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0078",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The plus wire of bus B is open. Modules on this segment lose communication.",
        "de": "Die Plus-Leitung von Bus B ist unterbrochen. Steuergeräte dieses Segments verlieren die Kommunikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus-B plus wire broken",
            "de": "Bus-B-Plus-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0079",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B (+) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B (+) zu niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The plus line of bus B is shorted to ground. The differential signal collapses and bus traffic stops.",
        "de": "Die Plus-Leitung von Bus B ist gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen. Das differenzielle Signal bricht zusammen, der Bus-Verkehr steht still."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_short_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus-B plus shorted to ground",
            "de": "Bus-B-Plus gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U007A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Communication Bus H Off",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus H aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module communication bus H is off — the gateway has shut down or isolated this bus, often due to repeated bus errors or a \"bus off\" event in the CAN controller.",
        "de": "Der Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus H ist abgeschaltet — Gateway hat den Bus abgeschaltet oder isoliert, häufig durch wiederholte Fehler oder \"Bus-Off\" im CAN-Controller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_h_gateway",
        "bus_h_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_off_event",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN controller in bus-off state from repeated errors",
            "de": "CAN-Controller im Bus-Off-Zustand durch wiederholte Fehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U007B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Communication Bus I Off",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus I aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module communication bus I is off — the gateway has shut down or isolated this bus, often due to repeated bus errors or a \"bus off\" event in the CAN controller.",
        "de": "Der Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus I ist abgeschaltet — Gateway hat den Bus abgeschaltet oder isoliert, häufig durch wiederholte Fehler oder \"Bus-Off\" im CAN-Controller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_i_gateway",
        "bus_i_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_off_event",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN controller in bus-off state",
            "de": "CAN-Controller im Bus-Off-Zustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U007C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Communication Bus J Off",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus J aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module communication bus J is off — the gateway has shut down or isolated this bus, often due to repeated bus errors or a \"bus off\" event in the CAN controller.",
        "de": "Der Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus J ist abgeschaltet — Gateway hat den Bus abgeschaltet oder isoliert, häufig durch wiederholte Fehler oder \"Bus-Off\" im CAN-Controller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_j_gateway",
        "bus_j_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_off_event",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN controller in bus-off state",
            "de": "CAN-Controller im Bus-Off-Zustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U007D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Communication Bus K Off",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus K aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module communication bus K is off — the gateway has shut down or isolated this bus, often due to repeated bus errors or a \"bus off\" event in the CAN controller.",
        "de": "Der Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus K ist abgeschaltet — Gateway hat den Bus abgeschaltet oder isoliert, häufig durch wiederholte Fehler oder \"Bus-Off\" im CAN-Controller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_k_gateway",
        "bus_k_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_off_event",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN controller in bus-off state",
            "de": "CAN-Controller im Bus-Off-Zustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U007E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Communication Bus L Off",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus L aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module communication bus L is off — the gateway has shut down or isolated this bus, often due to repeated bus errors or a \"bus off\" event in the CAN controller.",
        "de": "Der Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus L ist abgeschaltet — Gateway hat den Bus abgeschaltet oder isoliert, häufig durch wiederholte Fehler oder \"Bus-Off\" im CAN-Controller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_l_gateway",
        "bus_l_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_off_event",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN controller in bus-off state",
            "de": "CAN-Controller im Bus-Off-Zustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U007F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Communication Bus M Off",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus M aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module communication bus M is off — the gateway has shut down or isolated this bus, often due to repeated bus errors or a \"bus off\" event in the CAN controller.",
        "de": "Der Steuermodul-Kommunikationsbus M ist abgeschaltet — Gateway hat den Bus abgeschaltet oder isoliert, häufig durch wiederholte Fehler oder \"Bus-Off\" im CAN-Controller."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_m_gateway",
        "bus_m_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_off_event",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN controller in bus-off state",
            "de": "CAN-Controller im Bus-Off-Zustand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0080",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus B (+) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus B (+) zu hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The plus line of bus B is shorted to battery voltage. The bus stops carrying valid frames.",
        "de": "Die Plus-Leitung von Bus B ist gegen Batteriespannung kurzgeschlossen. Es werden keine gültigen Botschaften mehr übertragen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_high_wire"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "canh_short_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus-B plus shorted to battery",
            "de": "Bus-B-Plus gegen Batterie kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0081",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus F Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus F Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus F error counters or message rate out of spec.",
        "de": "Bus F Fehlerzähler oder Nachrichtenrate außerhalb Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_f_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed or marginal",
            "de": "Verkabelung scheuert oder grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0082",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus F + Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus F (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus F high-side line open.",
        "de": "Bus-F-High-Leitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_f_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0083",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus F + Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus F (+) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus F high-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-F-High-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_f_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0084",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus F + High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus F (+) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus F high-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-F-High-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_f_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0085",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus F - Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus F (-) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus F low-side line open.",
        "de": "Bus-F-Low-Leitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_f_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0086",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus F - Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus F (-) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus F low-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-F-Low-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_f_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0087",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus F - High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus F (-) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus F low-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-F-Low-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_f_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0088",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus F - Shorted to Bus F +",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus F (-) mit Bus F (+) kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus F lines shorted together.",
        "de": "Bus-F-Leitungen untereinander kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_f_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_between_lines",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus lines shorted together",
            "de": "Bus-Leitungen untereinander kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0089",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus G",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on bus G.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Bus G."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_g_wiring",
        "bus_g_nodes"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or node fault on bus G",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Knotenfehler auf Bus G"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U008A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus G Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus G Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus G error counters or message rate out of spec.",
        "de": "Bus G Fehlerzähler oder Nachrichtenrate außerhalb Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_g_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed or marginal",
            "de": "Verkabelung scheuert oder grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U008B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus G (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus G (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus G high-side line open.",
        "de": "Bus-G-High-Leitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_g_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U008C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus G (+) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus G (+) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus G high-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-G-High-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_g_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U008D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus G (+) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus G (+) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus G high-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-G-High-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_g_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U008E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus G (-) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus G (-) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus G low-side line open.",
        "de": "Bus-G-Low-Leitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_g_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U008F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus G (-) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus G (-) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus G low-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-G-Low-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_g_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0090",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus G (-) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus G (-) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus G low-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-G-Low-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_g_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0091",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "CAN Communication Bus \"C\" Off",
        "de": "CAN-Kommunikationsbus \"C\" abgeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus C (third CAN bus, often used for chassis or infotainment) has entered the bus-off state. All modules on Bus C lose communication.",
        "de": "Bus C (dritter CAN-Bus, oft für Fahrwerk oder Infotainment) ist in den Bus-Off-Zustand gegangen. Alle Steuergeräte an Bus C verlieren die Kommunikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "can_terminating_resistor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_c_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus C shorted to supply or ground",
            "de": "Bus C gegen Versorgung oder Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_c_terminator",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus C terminating resistor failed",
            "de": "Abschlusswiderstand von Bus C defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0092",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "CAN Communication Bus \"C\" Performance",
        "de": "CAN-Kommunikationsbus \"C\" Leistungsfehler"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus C shows degraded performance with elevated error counters but has not yet gone bus-off. Sporadic message losses on modules attached to Bus C.",
        "de": "Bus C zeigt verschlechterte Leistung mit erhöhten Fehlerzählern, ist aber noch nicht im Bus-Off-Zustand. Sporadische Nachrichtenverluste an Steuergeräten an Bus C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "marginal_bus_c",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Marginal Bus C wiring or connector",
            "de": "Grenzwertige Bus-C-Verkabelung oder Stecker"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_c_module_marginal",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One module on Bus C transmitting marginal frames",
            "de": "Ein Steuergerät an Bus C sendet grenzwertige Frames"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0093",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus H Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus H Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus H error counters or message rate out of spec.",
        "de": "Bus H Fehlerzähler oder Nachrichtenrate außerhalb Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_h_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed or marginal",
            "de": "Verkabelung scheuert oder grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0094",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus H (+) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus H (+) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus H high-side line open.",
        "de": "Bus-H-High-Leitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_h_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0095",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus H (+) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus H (+) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus H high-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-H-High-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_h_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0096",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus H (+) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus H (+) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus H high-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-H-High-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_h_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0097",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus H (-) Open",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus H (-) unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus H low-side line open.",
        "de": "Bus-H-Low-Leitung unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_h_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire broken",
            "de": "Kabel gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0098",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus H (-) Low",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus H (-) niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus H low-side line voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-H-Low-Leitung unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_h_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0099",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus H (-) High",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus H (-) hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus H low-side line voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Bus-H-Low-Leitung über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_h_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wire shorted to battery",
            "de": "Leitung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U009A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus H (-) shorted to Bus H (+)",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus H (-) mit Bus H (+) kurzgeschlossen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus H lines shorted together.",
        "de": "Bus-H-Leitungen untereinander kurzgeschlossen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_h_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_between_lines",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus lines shorted together",
            "de": "Bus-Leitungen untereinander kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U009B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus I",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus I"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on bus I.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Bus I."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_i_wiring",
        "bus_i_nodes"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or node fault on bus I",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Knotenfehler auf Bus I"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U009C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus I Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus I Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus I error counters or message rate out of spec.",
        "de": "Bus I Fehlerzähler oder Nachrichtenrate außerhalb Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_i_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed or marginal",
            "de": "Verkabelung scheuert oder grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U009D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus J",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on bus J.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Bus J."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_j_wiring",
        "bus_j_nodes"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or node fault on bus J",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Knotenfehler auf Bus J"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U009E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Communication Bus J Performance",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Kommunikationsbus J Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Bus J error counters or message rate out of spec.",
        "de": "Bus J Fehlerzähler oder Nachrichtenrate außerhalb Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bus_j_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chafed_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring chafed or marginal",
            "de": "Verkabelung scheuert oder grenzwertig"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0100",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with ECM/PCM \"A\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit ECM/PCM \"A\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM unpowered (fuse, ground, supply wire)",
            "de": "ECM ohne Spannung (Sicherung, Masse, Versorgung)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_ecm",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to ECM broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum ECM unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_failed",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM internally failed",
            "de": "ECM intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0101",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with TCM",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Getriebesteuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has stopped receiving messages from the transmission control module. The transmission falls into limp-home mode (typically locked in 3rd or 4th gear), the speedometer may stop working, and shift adaptation freezes.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung empfängt keine Botschaften vom Getriebesteuergerät mehr. Das Getriebe geht in den Notlauf (typischerweise verriegelt im 3. oder 4. Gang), der Tacho fällt eventuell aus und die Schaltadaption friert ein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcm_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM unpowered or grounded poorly",
            "de": "TCM ohne Spannung oder schlechte Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_tcm",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to TCM broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum TCM unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0102",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Transfer Case Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Verteilergetriebe-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tccm_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transfer case module unpowered",
            "de": "Verteilergetriebe-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_tccm",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to transfer case module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Verteilergetriebe-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0103",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Gear Shift Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Schaltmodul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift module unpowered",
            "de": "Schaltmodul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_shift_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to shift module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Schaltmodul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0104",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Cruise Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Tempomat-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cruise_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cruise module unpowered",
            "de": "Tempomat-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_cruise_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to cruise module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Tempomat-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0105",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Fuel Injector Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Einspritzdüsen-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_injector_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ficm_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Injector control module unpowered",
            "de": "Einspritzdüsen-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_ficm",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to FICM broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum FICM unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0106",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Glow Plug Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Glühkerzen-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gpcm_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Glow plug module unpowered",
            "de": "Glühkerzen-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_gpcm",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to glow plug module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Glühkerzen-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0107",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Throttle Actuator Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Drosselklappen-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tac_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Throttle module unpowered",
            "de": "Drosselklappen-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_tac",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to throttle module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Drosselklappen-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0108",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Alternative Fuel Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Alternativkraftstoff-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU has lost CAN communication with the alternative fuel control module (CNG/LPG/H2 systems). Either the module is not responding or the bus path is broken.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Alternativkraftstoff-Steuermodul verloren. Modul antwortet nicht oder Bus-Pfad ist unterbrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alt_fuel_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered or fuse blown",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Sicherung defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0109",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Fuel Pump Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fpcm_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fuel pump module unpowered (often a fuse or relay)",
            "de": "Kraftstoffpumpen-Modul ohne Spannung (oft Sicherung oder Relais)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_fpcm",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to FPCM broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum FPCM unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U010A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Recirculation Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit AGR-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU has lost CAN communication with the EGR control module A.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum AGR-Steuermodul A verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U010B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Recirculation Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit AGR-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU has lost CAN communication with the EGR control module B.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum AGR-Steuermodul B verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U010C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Turbolader/Kompressor-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU has lost CAN communication with the turbocharger control module A.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Turbolader-Steuermodul A verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U010D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Turbolader/Kompressor-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU has lost CAN communication with the turbocharger control module B.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Turbolader-Steuermodul B verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U010E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Reductant Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Reduktionsmittel-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the AdBlue/SCR reductant control module. Emissions affected.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum AdBlue-/SCR-Reduktionsmittel-Modul verloren. Emissionen betroffen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U010F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Air Conditioning Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Klimasteuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the A/C control module. Climate functions degraded.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Klimasteuergerät verloren. Klimafunktionen eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0110",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Drive Motor Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "drive_motor_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive motor module unpowered",
            "de": "Antriebsmotor-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_drive_motor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to drive motor module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Antriebsmotor-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0111",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Battery Energy Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Hochvoltbatterie-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_energy_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bms_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BMS unpowered (12 V supply)",
            "de": "BMS ohne Spannung (12-V-Versorgung)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_bms",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to BMS broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum BMS unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0112",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Battery Energy Control Module \"B\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Batterie-Energiesteuergerät \"B\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_energy_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bem_b_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BEM-B unpowered",
            "de": "BEM-B ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_bem_b",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to BEM-B broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum BEM-B unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0113",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Battery Charger A Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Batterieladegerät A Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charger_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Charger module unpowered",
            "de": "Ladegerät-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_charger",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to charger broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Ladegerät unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0114",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with 4WD Clutch Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit 4WD-Kupplungs-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "awd_clutch_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "AWD clutch module unpowered",
            "de": "AWD-Kupplungs-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_awd_clutch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to AWD clutch module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum AWD-Kupplungs-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0115",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with ECM/PCM \"B\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit ECM/PCM \"B\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_b_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary ECM unpowered",
            "de": "Sekundäres ECM ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_ecm_b",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to secondary ECM broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum sekundären ECM unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0116",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Steering Effort Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Lenkkraft-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_effort_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "steering_effort_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering effort module unpowered",
            "de": "Lenkkraft-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_steering_effort",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to steering effort module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Lenkkraft-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0117",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Drive Motor Control Module 2",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät 2 verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "drive_motor_2_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary drive motor module unpowered",
            "de": "Sekundäres Antriebsmotor-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_drive_motor_2",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to secondary drive motor broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum sekundären Antriebsmotor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0118",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Cabin Air Quality Sensor Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Innenraum-Luftgütesensor-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_quality_sensor_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aqs_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air quality sensor unpowered",
            "de": "Luftgütesensor ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "aqs_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to air quality sensor broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Luftgütesensor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0119",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Steering Column Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Lenksäulen-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_column_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "column_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering column module unpowered",
            "de": "Lenksäulen-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clockspring_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clockspring failed inside steering column",
            "de": "Wickelfeder in der Lenksäule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U011A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Sensor Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Abgassensor-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with exhaust gas sensor module A (often integrates wide-range O2/NOx sensors).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Abgassensor-Modul A verloren (integriert oft Breitband-O2/NOx-Sensoren)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_sensor_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U011B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Rocker Arm Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Kipphebel-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with rocker arm control module A (variable valve actuation).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Kipphebel-Steuermodul A verloren (variable Ventilbetätigung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U011C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Rocker Arm Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Kipphebel-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with rocker arm control module B (variable valve actuation).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Kipphebel-Steuermodul B verloren (variable Ventilbetätigung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U011D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With All Wheel Drive Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Allradantriebs-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the AWD control module. AWD function may revert to FWD/RWD.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Allradantriebs-Modul verloren. Allradfunktion fällt ggf. auf Front-/Heckantrieb zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U011E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Throttle Actuator B Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Drosselklappen-Aktuator B Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with throttle actuator B control module.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Drosselklappen-Aktuator-B-Modul verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_b_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U011F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With V2X Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit V2X-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the V2X (vehicle-to-everything) module. Connected/cooperative driving features degraded.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum V2X-Modul (Vehicle-to-Everything) verloren. Vernetzte Fahrfunktionen eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "v2x_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0120",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Starter/Generator Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Starter-/Generator-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "starter_generator_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Starter/generator module unpowered",
            "de": "Starter-/Generator-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_starter_generator",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to starter/generator broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Starter-/Generator-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0121",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with ABS Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit ABS-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The CAN messages from the ABS module are missing. ABS, ESP/ESC and traction control all become inactive (warning lamps illuminate), the speedometer may go to zero on cars that derive vehicle speed from the ABS module, and adaptive cruise control is disabled.",
        "de": "Die CAN-Botschaften des ABS-Steuergeräts fehlen. ABS, ESP/ESC und Traktionskontrolle sind deaktiviert (Warnleuchten leuchten), der Tacho geht eventuell auf null bei Fahrzeugen, deren Geschwindigkeit vom ABS-Modul kommt, und ein adaptiver Tempomat ist deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "abs_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ABS module unpowered (often a corroded ground or fuse)",
            "de": "ABS-Modul ohne Spannung (oft korrodierte Masse oder Sicherung)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_abs",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to ABS broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum ABS unterbrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ABS module failed",
            "de": "ABS-Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0122",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Vehicle Dynamics Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Fahrdynamik-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_dynamics_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vdc_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vehicle dynamics module unpowered",
            "de": "Fahrdynamik-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_vdc",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to dynamics module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Fahrdynamik-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0123",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Yaw Rate Sensor Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Gierratensensor-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "yaw_sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Yaw rate sensor unpowered",
            "de": "Gierratensensor ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_yaw_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to yaw rate sensor broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Gierratensensor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0124",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Lateral Acceleration Sensor Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Querbeschleunigungs-Sensor-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lateral_acceleration_sensor",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lat_accel_sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Lateral acceleration sensor unpowered",
            "de": "Querbeschleunigungssensor ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_lat_accel",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to lateral accel sensor broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Querbeschleunigungssensor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0125",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Multiachsen-Beschleunigungssensor verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "yaw_sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Yaw sensor unpowered",
            "de": "Gierratensensor ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_yaw_sensor",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to yaw sensor broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Gierratensensor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0126",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Steering Angle Sensor Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "steering_angle_sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle sensor unpowered",
            "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clockspring_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clockspring (in steering column) failed",
            "de": "Wickelfeder in der Lenksäule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0127",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Tire Pressure Monitor Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Reifendruck-Kontrollmodul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tpms_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPMS module unpowered",
            "de": "TPMS-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_tpms",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to TPMS broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum TPMS unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0128",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Park Brake Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Feststellbrems-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "parking_brake_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epb_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPB module unpowered",
            "de": "EPB-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_epb",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to EPB broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zur EPB unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0129",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Brake System Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Bremssystem-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_system_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake module unpowered",
            "de": "Brems-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_brake_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to brake module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Brems-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U012A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Chassis Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Chassis-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with chassis control module A (vehicle dynamics).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Chassis-Modul A verloren (Fahrdynamik)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U012B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Chassis Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Chassis-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with chassis control module B (vehicle dynamics).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Chassis-Modul B verloren (Fahrdynamik)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U012C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Vibration Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Aktiv-Schwingungs-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with active vibration control module (used in some hybrid drivetrains to dampen vibrations).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Aktiv-Schwingungs-Modul verloren (in manchen Hybriden zur Schwingungsdämpfung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_vibration_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U012D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Generator A Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Generator-A-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with generator (alternator) A control module.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Generator-A-Modul (Lichtmaschine) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_a_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U012E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Camshaft Position Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Nockenwellenpositions-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with camshaft position control module.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Nockenwellenpositions-Modul verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cam_position_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U012F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Generator B Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Generator-B-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with generator (alternator) A control module.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Generator-A-Modul (Lichtmaschine) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_b_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0130",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Steering Effort Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Lenkkraft-Steuergerät B verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_effort_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "steering_effort_b_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary steering effort module unpowered",
            "de": "Sekundäres Lenkkraft-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_steering_effort_b",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to secondary steering effort broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum sekundären Lenkkraft-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0131",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Power Steering Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Servolenkungs-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "eps_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPS module unpowered (large fuse on battery)",
            "de": "EPS-Modul ohne Spannung (große Sicherung an der Batterie)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_eps",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to EPS broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zur EPS unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0132",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Ride Level Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Niveauregulierungs-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_suspension_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "air_suspension_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Air suspension module unpowered",
            "de": "Luftfeder-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_air_suspension",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to air suspension broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Luftfeder-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0133",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Yaw Rate Sensor Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Gierraten-Sensor-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ESP / ABS controller has lost messages from the yaw-rate sensor module. ESP is deactivated, ABS may stay active. Often caused by a damaged ribbon cable in steering column or a failed sensor cluster after airbag jobs.",
        "de": "Das ESP-/ABS-Steuergerät empfängt keine Botschaften mehr vom Gierraten-Sensor-Modul. ESP wird deaktiviert, ABS bleibt meist verfügbar. Tritt häufig durch eine beschädigte Wickelfeder in der Lenksäule oder ein defektes Sensorcluster nach Airbag-Arbeiten auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "yaw_rate_sensor",
        "esp_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Yaw rate sensor module failed",
            "de": "Gierraten-Sensor-Modul defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor wiring or connector damaged",
            "de": "Sensor-Verkabelung oder Stecker beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0134",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Restraints System Sensor (Side Sensor)",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Rückhaltesystem-Sensor (Seitensensor) verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The airbag control module has stopped receiving data from a side impact sensor. Airbag warning lamp lights up; restraint deployment for side and curtain bags may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Das Airbag-Steuergerät empfängt keine Daten mehr von einem Seiten-Aufprallsensor. Die Airbag-Warnlampe leuchtet, die Auslösung der Seiten- und Kopfairbags kann gesperrt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_impact_sensor",
        "airbag_module",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side impact sensor failed",
            "de": "Seiten-Aufprallsensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wiring_in_door",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring damage in door or B-pillar",
            "de": "Leitungsschaden in Tür oder B-Säule"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.8,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0135",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Parking Brake Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Feststellbremsen-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle network has lost the electric parking brake (EPB) controller. Auto-hold is disabled, the EPB warning lamp comes on. EPB cannot be released electrically.",
        "de": "Das Fahrzeugnetz hat das Steuergerät der elektrischen Feststellbremse (EPB) verloren. Auto-Hold ist deaktiviert, die EPB-Warnlampe leuchtet. Die EPB lässt sich nicht mehr elektrisch lösen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epb_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPB module unpowered",
            "de": "EPB-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "epb_can_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to EPB damaged",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum EPB beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0136",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Park Brake Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Feststellbrems-Modul B verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "parking_brake_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epb_b_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary EPB module unpowered",
            "de": "Sekundäres EPB-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_epb_b",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to secondary EPB broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zur sekundären EPB unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0137",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Trailer Brake Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Anhänger-Bremsen-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle network has lost the integrated trailer brake controller. Trailer braking falls back to passive operation; trailer-related warnings appear in the cluster.",
        "de": "Das Fahrzeugnetz hat das integrierte Anhänger-Bremsen-Steuergerät verloren. Die Anhängerbremse arbeitet nur noch passiv, im Kombiinstrument erscheinen anhängerspezifische Warnungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trailer_brake_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "trailer_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Trailer module unpowered or fuse blown",
            "de": "Anhängermodul ohne Spannung oder Sicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_brake_controller"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0138",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with All Terrain Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Geländemodus-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The terrain mode / 4WD mode controller has dropped off the bus. Off-road and traction modes can no longer be selected; vehicle defaults to standard 2WD/AWD behaviour.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät für Geländemodus / 4WD-Modus ist nicht mehr am Bus erreichbar. Offroad- und Traktionsmodi können nicht mehr gewählt werden, das Fahrzeug fällt auf den Standard 2WD-/AWD-Modus zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "terrain_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0139",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Active Roll Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Aktivrollstabilisierungs-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The active anti-roll bar / dynamic chassis controller has dropped off the bus. The vehicle behaves as if the system is disabled; rolling motion is not actively counteracted.",
        "de": "Das Steuergerät der aktiven Wankstabilisierung / dynamischen Fahrwerksregelung ist nicht mehr am Bus erreichbar. Das Fahrzeug verhält sich wie mit deaktiviertem System, Wankbewegungen werden nicht aktiv ausgeglichen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_roll_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Active roll module unpowered",
            "de": "Wankstabilisierungs-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U013C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Accelerator Pedal Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Fahrpedal-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the accelerator pedal module. Throttle response severely affected.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Fahrpedal-Modul verloren. Gasannahme stark beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U013D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Vacuum Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Unterdrucksensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with vacuum sensor A (often a smart sensor with bus interface).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Unterdrucksensor A verloren (Smart-Sensor mit Bus-Schnittstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or bus connection broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Bus-Verbindung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U013E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Vacuum Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Unterdrucksensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with vacuum sensor B (often a smart sensor with bus interface).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Unterdrucksensor B verloren (Smart-Sensor mit Bus-Schnittstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U013F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Pedestrian Alert Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Fußgängerwarnsignal-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the pedestrian alert (acoustic vehicle alerting) module — required by law on EVs/hybrids at low speed.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Fußgängerwarnmodul verloren — bei E-Autos/Hybriden im Niedriggeschwindigkeitsbereich gesetzlich vorgeschrieben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pedestrian_alert_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0140",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Body Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Bordnetzsteuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN messages from the body control module (BCM) are missing. Effects depend on what the BCM controls — typically interior lights, wipers, central locking, immobiliser handshake. On some cars the engine refuses to start because the immobiliser handshake fails.",
        "de": "Die CAN-Botschaften des Bordnetzsteuergeräts (BCM) fehlen. Auswirkungen hängen davon ab, was das BCM steuert — typischerweise Innenraumbeleuchtung, Scheibenwischer, Zentralverriegelung, Wegfahrsperren-Kommunikation. Bei manchen Fahrzeugen springt der Motor nicht an, weil die Wegfahrsperren-Freigabe scheitert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bcm_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BCM unpowered",
            "de": "BCM ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_in_bcm",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress into BCM (often footwell-mounted)",
            "de": "Wassereinbruch ins BCM (oft im Fußraum)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0141",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Body Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Bordnetzsteuergerät A verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A second body control module (BCM \"A\") has dropped off the bus. Several comfort, lighting and locking functions stop working until the BCM is back online.",
        "de": "Ein zweites Bordnetzsteuergerät (\"A\") ist nicht mehr am Bus erreichbar. Mehrere Komfort-, Licht- und Verriegelungsfunktionen arbeiten nicht mehr, bis das BCM wieder online ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bcm_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BCM A unpowered",
            "de": "BCM A ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to BCM A broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum BCM A unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0142",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Body Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Bordnetzsteuergerät B verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bcm_b_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary BCM unpowered",
            "de": "Sekundäres BCM ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_in_bcm",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress into rear BCM",
            "de": "Wassereinbruch ins hintere BCM"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0143",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Body Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Bordnetzsteuergerät C verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A third body control module (BCM \"C\") has dropped off the bus. Comfort, lighting or door functions on the affected zone stop working.",
        "de": "Ein drittes Bordnetzsteuergerät (\"C\") ist nicht mehr am Bus erreichbar. Komfort-, Licht- oder Türfunktionen der betroffenen Zone fallen aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bcm_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BCM C unpowered",
            "de": "BCM C ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0144",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Personalization Module \"B\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Personalisierungs-Modul \"B\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "personalization_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "personalization_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Personalization module unpowered",
            "de": "Personalisierungs-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "personalization_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to personalization module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Personalisierungs-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0145",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Restraints Control Module Auxiliary",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Auxiliar-Rückhaltesystem-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A secondary or auxiliary airbag/restraints controller (e.g. for rear or curtain bags) has stopped responding. The airbag warning lamp lights up and parts of the restraint system may be disabled.",
        "de": "Ein sekundäres oder zusätzliches Airbag-/Rückhalte-Steuergerät (z. B. für hintere oder Kopfairbags) antwortet nicht mehr. Die Airbag-Warnlampe leuchtet, Teile des Rückhaltesystems können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auxiliary_restraint_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Auxiliary restraint module failed",
            "de": "Auxiliar-Rückhalte-Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0146",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Gateway \"A\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Gateway \"A\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has lost communication with the central gateway. The gateway routes messages between separate CAN/Ethernet segments — when it falls silent, large parts of the vehicle simultaneously go offline and many secondary DTCs are stored.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation mit dem zentralen Gateway verloren. Das Gateway leitet Botschaften zwischen separaten CAN-/Ethernet-Segmenten weiter — fällt es aus, gehen große Teile des Fahrzeugs gleichzeitig offline und viele Folgefehler werden abgelegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gateway_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gateway_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gateway unpowered (often a fuse on the central electronics)",
            "de": "Gateway ohne Spannung (oft Sicherung an der Zentralelektronik)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "gateway_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gateway internally failed",
            "de": "Gateway intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0147",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Gateway \"B\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Gateway \"B\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has lost communication with the central gateway. The gateway routes messages between separate CAN/Ethernet segments — when it falls silent, large parts of the vehicle simultaneously go offline and many secondary DTCs are stored.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation mit dem zentralen Gateway verloren. Das Gateway leitet Botschaften zwischen separaten CAN-/Ethernet-Segmenten weiter — fällt es aus, gehen große Teile des Fahrzeugs gleichzeitig offline und viele Folgefehler werden abgelegt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gateway_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gateway_b_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary gateway unpowered",
            "de": "Sekundäres Gateway ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "gateway_b_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary gateway internally failed",
            "de": "Sekundäres Gateway intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0148",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Body Control Module \"C\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Bordnetzsteuergerät \"C\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bcm_c_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "BCM-C unpowered",
            "de": "BCM-C ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bcm_c_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to BCM-C broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum BCM-C unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0149",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Door Driver Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Fahrertür-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "driver_door_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Driver door module unpowered (often broken wires in door hinge)",
            "de": "Fahrertür-Modul ohne Spannung (oft gebrochene Drähte im Türscharnier)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_in_driver_door",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress into driver door module",
            "de": "Wassereinbruch ins Fahrertür-Modul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_window"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U014A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Battery Energy Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Batterie-Energiemanagement-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with battery energy control module C (hybrid/EV high-voltage battery management).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Batterie-Energiemanagement-Modul C verloren (HV-Batterie bei Hybrid/EV)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_energy_module_c",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U014B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charging Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Induktivlade-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the inductive charging module (wireless charging of HV battery).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Induktivlade-Modul verloren (kabellose Ladung der HV-Batterie)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "inductive_charging_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U014C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Battery Energy Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Batterie-Energiemanagement-Modul D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with battery energy control module D (hybrid/EV high-voltage battery management).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Batterie-Energiemanagement-Modul D verloren (HV-Batterie bei Hybrid/EV)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_energy_module_d",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U014D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Mirror Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Spiegelsteuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with mirror control module B.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Spiegelsteuermodul B verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U014E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with multi-axis acceleration sensor module B (used by stability and airbag systems).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Mehrachs-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul B verloren (für Stabilität und Airbag)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0150",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Side Object Detection Control Module Left",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Seitenobjekterkennung links verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_object_detection_module_left",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "side_radar_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side radar module unpowered",
            "de": "Seitenradar-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "side_radar_blocked",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side radar damaged or covered (rear bumper hit)",
            "de": "Seitenradar beschädigt oder verdeckt (Heckstoßstange)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0151",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Restraints Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Airbag-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "srs_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "SRS module unpowered (often water damage under seat)",
            "de": "SRS-Modul ohne Spannung (oft Wasserschaden unter dem Sitz)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_srs",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to SRS broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum SRS unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0152",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Side Restraints Control Module Left",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Seiten-Airbag-Steuergerät links verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_restraints_module_left",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "side_srs_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Side SRS module unpowered",
            "de": "Seiten-SRS-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_side_srs",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to side SRS broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Seiten-SRS unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0153",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Restraints Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Airbag-Steuergerät B verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "srs_b_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Secondary SRS module unpowered",
            "de": "Sekundäres SRS-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_srs_b",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to secondary SRS broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum sekundären SRS unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0154",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Restraints Occupant Sensing Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Insassenerkennungs-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "occupant_sensing_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "occupant_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Occupant sensing module unpowered",
            "de": "Insassenerkennungs-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "seat_harness_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Seat harness damaged under the seat",
            "de": "Sitzkabelbaum unter dem Sitz beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0155",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Instrument Panel Cluster",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Kombiinstrument verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "CAN messages from or to the instrument cluster are missing. The cluster is the user-facing interface — speedometer, tachometer, warning lamps, fuel level, odometer — so failure is immediately visible. On some cars warning lamps from other modules can no longer illuminate either.",
        "de": "Die CAN-Botschaften vom oder zum Kombiinstrument fehlen. Das Kombiinstrument ist die Schnittstelle zum Fahrer — Tacho, Drehzahlmesser, Warnlampen, Tankanzeige, Kilometerzähler — der Ausfall ist sofort sichtbar. Auf manchen Fahrzeugen können Warnlampen anderer Steuergeräte ebenfalls nicht mehr aufleuchten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "instrument_cluster",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cluster_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cluster unpowered or fuse blown",
            "de": "Kombiinstrument ohne Spannung oder Sicherung defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cluster_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cluster internal failure (common on aged TFTs)",
            "de": "Interner Ausfall im Kombiinstrument (häufig bei gealterten TFTs)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_cluster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0156",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Information Center \"A\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Informations-Center \"A\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "information_display_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "head_unit_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Head unit unpowered",
            "de": "Head-Unit ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_head_unit",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to head unit broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zur Head-Unit unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0157",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Personalization Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Personalisierungs-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "personalization_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "personalization_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Personalization module unpowered",
            "de": "Personalisierungs-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_personalization",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to personalization module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Personalisierungs-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0158",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Head Up Display",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Head-Up-Display verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "head_up_display_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hud_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HUD module unpowered",
            "de": "HUD-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_hud",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to HUD broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum HUD unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heads-up_display"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0159",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Parking Assist Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Einparkhilfe-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "parking_assist_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pdc_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PDC module unpowered",
            "de": "PDC-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_pdc",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to PDC broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum PDC unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U015A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit ABS-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the secondary ABS control module B.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum sekundären ABS-Steuermodul B verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U015B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Power Steering Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Servolenkungs-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with power steering control module B. Steering assist may be reduced.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Servolenkungs-Modul B verloren. Lenkkraftunterstützung evtl. reduziert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U015C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Automated Driving System Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Automatisiertes-Fahren-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with automated driving system control module A (autonomous driving compute platform).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Steuermodul des automatisierten Fahrens A verloren (Autonomous-Driving-Compute)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ads_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U015D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Automated Driving System Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Automatisiertes-Fahren-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with automated driving system control module B (autonomous driving compute platform).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Steuermodul des automatisierten Fahrens A verloren (Autonomous-Driving-Compute)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ads_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U015E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Automated Driving System Interface Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit ADS-Schnittstellen-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with ADS interface module A (interface between automated driving compute and vehicle subsystems).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum ADS-Schnittstellen-Modul A verloren (Schnittstelle zwischen Automatisiert-Fahren-Compute und Fahrzeugsubsystemen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ads_interface_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U015F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Automated Driving System Interface Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit ADS-Schnittstellen-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with ADS interface module B (interface between automated driving compute and vehicle subsystems).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum ADS-Schnittstellen-Modul B verloren (Schnittstelle zwischen Automatisiert-Fahren-Compute und Fahrzeugsubsystemen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ads_interface_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          7
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0160",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Audible Alert Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Akustiksignal-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "audible_alert_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "chime_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Chime module unpowered",
            "de": "Chime-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_chime",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to chime module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Chime-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0161",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Compass Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Kompass-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "compass_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "compass_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Compass module unpowered",
            "de": "Kompass-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_compass",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to compass module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Kompass-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0162",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Navigation Display Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Navigations-Display-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "navigation_display_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nav_display_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Navigation display unpowered",
            "de": "Navigations-Display ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_nav_display",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to navigation display broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Navigations-Display unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0163",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Navigation Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Navigations-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "navigation_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "nav_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Navigation module unpowered",
            "de": "Navigations-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_nav_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to navigation module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Navigations-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0164",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with HVAC Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Klima-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hvac_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HVAC module unpowered",
            "de": "Klima-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_hvac",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to HVAC module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Klima-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0165",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Auxiliary HVAC Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Zusatz-Klima-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aux_hvac_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Auxiliary HVAC module unpowered",
            "de": "Zusatz-Klima-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_aux_hvac",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to auxiliary HVAC broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Zusatz-Klima-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0166",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Auxiliary Heater Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Zusatzheizungs-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auxiliary_heater_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "aux_heater_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Auxiliary heater unpowered",
            "de": "Zusatzheizung ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "aux_heater_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to auxiliary heater broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zur Zusatzheizung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0167",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Vehicle Immobiliser Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Wegfahrsperren-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "immobiliser_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "immo_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Immobiliser module unpowered",
            "de": "Wegfahrsperren-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "immo_antenna_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Immobiliser antenna ring failed",
            "de": "Wegfahrsperren-Antennenring defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0168",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Vehicle Immobilizer Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Wegfahrsperren-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU cannot reach the immobilizer / vehicle security module. Engine start is usually blocked because the rolling code cannot be exchanged.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung kann das Wegfahrsperren-/Fahrzeugsicherheits-Modul nicht erreichen. Der Motorstart wird meist blockiert, weil der Rolling-Code nicht ausgetauscht werden kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "immobilizer_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "immo_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Immobilizer module unpowered",
            "de": "Wegfahrsperre ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "immo_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or antenna ring damaged",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Antennenring beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0169",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Sun Roof Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Schiebedach-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sun_roof_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sunroof_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sunroof module unpowered",
            "de": "Schiebedach-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sunroof_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to sunroof module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Schiebedach-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U016A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Global Positioning System Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit GPS-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the GPS module. Position-dependent functions (navigation, geofencing) degraded.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum GPS-Modul verloren. Positionsabhängige Funktionen (Navigation, Geofencing) eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gps_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U016B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Compressor Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Klimakompressor-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the A/C compressor control module (electric A/C compressor on hybrids/EVs).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Klimakompressor-Modul verloren (elektrischer Klimakompressor bei Hybrid/EV)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U016C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Pump Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with fuel pump control module B.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Kraftstoffpumpen-Modul B verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U016D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Sensor Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Abgassensor-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with exhaust gas sensor module B (often integrates wide-range O2/NOx sensors).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum Abgassensor-Modul B verloren (integriert oft Breitband-O2/NOx-Sensoren)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_sensor_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0170",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Restraints Front Sensor \"B\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Rückhaltesystem-Frontsensor \"B\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_front_sensor",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "front_sensor_b_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Front sensor B unpowered",
            "de": "Front-Sensor B ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "front_sensor_b_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring to front sensor B broken",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Front-Sensor B unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0171",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Restraints Rear Sensor \"A\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Rückhaltesystem-Hecksensor \"A\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_rear_sensor",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rear_sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear sensor unpowered",
            "de": "Heck-Sensor ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rear_sensor_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring to rear sensor broken",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Heck-Sensor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0172",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Restraints Rear Sensor \"B\"",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Rückhaltesystem-Hecksensor \"B\" verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_rear_sensor",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rear_sensor_b_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear sensor B unpowered",
            "de": "Heck-Sensor B ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rear_sensor_b_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring to rear sensor B broken",
            "de": "Verkabelung zum Heck-Sensor B unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0173",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Communication Bus \"C\" Off",
        "de": "Kommunikationsbus \"C\" abgeschaltet"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that bus C is non-functional and shut its bus C interface off. Bus C is typically a tertiary segment used for diagnostics or specialized subsystems; modules on the segment fall silent simultaneously.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass Bus C nicht funktioniert, und seine Bus-C-Schnittstelle abgeschaltet. Bus C ist typischerweise ein tertiäres Segment für Diagnose oder spezialisierte Subsysteme; Steuergeräte am Segment werden gleichzeitig still."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_c_short",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus C shorted to supply or ground",
            "de": "Bus C gegen Versorgung oder Masse kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "failing_module_pulling_bus_down",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "One failing module pulling bus C down",
            "de": "Ein defektes Steuergerät zieht Bus C herunter"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0174",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Restraints System Sensor E",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Rückhaltesystem-Sensor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN/dedicated-bus communication with restraints system sensor E (airbag/seatbelt sensor).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Rückhaltesystem-Sensor E (Airbag/Gurtsensor) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_sensor_e",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0175",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Restraints System Sensor F",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Rückhaltesystem-Sensor F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN/dedicated-bus communication with restraints system sensor F (airbag/seatbelt sensor).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Rückhaltesystem-Sensor F (Airbag/Gurtsensor) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_sensor_f",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0176",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Restraints System Sensor G",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Rückhaltesystem-Sensor G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN/dedicated-bus communication with restraints system sensor G (airbag/seatbelt sensor).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Rückhaltesystem-Sensor G (Airbag/Gurtsensor) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_sensor_g",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0177",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Mirror Memory Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Spiegel-Memory-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_memory_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mirror_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mirror module unpowered",
            "de": "Spiegel-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "mirror_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to mirror module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Spiegel-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0178",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Restraints System Sensor I",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Rückhaltesystem-Sensor I"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN/dedicated-bus communication with restraints system sensor I (airbag/seatbelt sensor).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Rückhaltesystem-Sensor I (Airbag/Gurtsensor) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_sensor_i",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0179",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Power Liftgate Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit elektrischer Heckklappen-Steuerung verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_liftgate_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "liftgate_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Liftgate module unpowered",
            "de": "Heckklappen-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "liftgate_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring through liftgate hinge broken",
            "de": "Verkabelung durch Heckklappen-Scharnier unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U017A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Restraints System Sensor K",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Rückhaltesystem-Sensor K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN/dedicated-bus communication with restraints system sensor K (airbag/seatbelt sensor).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Rückhaltesystem-Sensor K (Airbag/Gurtsensor) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_sensor_k",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U017B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Restraints System Sensor L",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Rückhaltesystem-Sensor L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN/dedicated-bus communication with restraints system sensor L (airbag/seatbelt sensor).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Rückhaltesystem-Sensor L (Airbag/Gurtsensor) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_sensor_l",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U017C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Restraints System Sensor M",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Rückhaltesystem-Sensor M"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN/dedicated-bus communication with restraints system sensor M (airbag/seatbelt sensor).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Rückhaltesystem-Sensor M (Airbag/Gurtsensor) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_sensor_m",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U017D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Restraints System Sensor N",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Rückhaltesystem-Sensor N"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN/dedicated-bus communication with restraints system sensor N (airbag/seatbelt sensor).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Rückhaltesystem-Sensor N (Airbag/Gurtsensor) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_sensor_n",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U017E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Belt Pretensioner Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Gurtstraffer-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with seat belt pretensioner module A. Pretensioner function may be unavailable in a crash.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Gurtstraffer-Modul A verloren. Straffung im Crashfall evtl. nicht verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seatbelt_pretensioner_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U017F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Belt Pretensioner Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Gurtstraffer-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with seat belt pretensioner module B. Pretensioner function may be unavailable in a crash.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Gurtstraffer-Modul B verloren. Straffung im Crashfall evtl. nicht verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seatbelt_pretensioner_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0180",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Automatic Lighting Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit automatischer Lichtsteuerung verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "headlamp_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Headlamp control module unpowered",
            "de": "Lichtsteuergerät ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "headlamp_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to headlamp module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Lichtsteuergerät unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0181",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Auto Park Brake Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit elektrischer Parkbremsen-Steuerung verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epb_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPB module unpowered",
            "de": "EPB-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "epb_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to EPB broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum EPB unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0182",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Headlamp Leveling Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Leuchtweitenregelungs-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle network has lost the headlamp leveling controller. Automatic leveling is disabled and the lamps stay in a default position; on many vehicles the headlight warning comes on.",
        "de": "Das Fahrzeugnetz hat das Steuergerät der Leuchtweitenregelung verloren. Die automatische Regelung ist deaktiviert, die Scheinwerfer bleiben in einer Standardstellung; bei vielen Fahrzeugen leuchtet die Lichtwarnung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_leveling_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Leveling module unpowered",
            "de": "Leuchtweiten-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0183",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Sunroof Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Schiebedach-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body controller has lost the sunroof / panorama roof module. The roof can no longer be operated electrically and pinch protection is unavailable.",
        "de": "Das Bordnetzsteuergerät hat das Schiebedach-/Panoramadach-Modul verloren. Das Dach lässt sich nicht mehr elektrisch betätigen, der Einklemmschutz ist nicht verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sunroof_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "water_in_module",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress in sunroof module",
            "de": "Wassereintritt in Schiebedach-Modul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lin_wire_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "LIN wire to sunroof damaged",
            "de": "LIN-Leitung zum Schiebedach beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0184",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Radio",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Radio verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radio_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "radio_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radio unpowered",
            "de": "Radio ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_radio",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to radio broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Radio unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0185",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Antenna Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Antennen-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The infotainment system has lost the antenna / tuner amplifier controller. Radio reception drops, navigation may lose GPS, and connected services can fail.",
        "de": "Das Infotainment hat das Antennen-/Tunerverstärker-Steuergerät verloren. Der Radioempfang bricht ein, die Navigation verliert ggf. GPS und Online-Dienste können ausfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "antenna_module",
        "infotainment_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Antenna module unpowered",
            "de": "Antennenmodul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0186",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Audio Amplifier",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Audio-Verstärker verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "audio_amplifier_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "amplifier_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Amplifier unpowered",
            "de": "Verstärker ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_wiring_to_amplifier",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to amplifier broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Verstärker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0187",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Disc Player Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit CD-/DVD-Player-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "disc_player_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "disc_player_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disc player unpowered",
            "de": "Disc-Player ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "disc_player_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to disc player broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Disc-Player unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0188",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Audio Rear Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Audio-Hecksteuerung verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "audio_rear_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rear_audio_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rear audio module unpowered",
            "de": "Hecksitz-Audio-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rear_audio_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to rear audio module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Hecksitz-Audio-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0189",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Auxiliary Heater Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Zusatzheizungs-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC controller has lost the auxiliary fuel-fired heater module. Pre-heating cannot be commanded; the heater stays inactive.",
        "de": "Die Klimasteuerung hat das Modul der kraftstoffbetriebenen Standheizung verloren. Vorheizen lässt sich nicht ansteuern, die Heizung bleibt inaktiv."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auxiliary_heater",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "heater_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Auxiliary heater unpowered",
            "de": "Standheizung ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U018A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Headlamp Leveling Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Leuchtweitenregulierungs-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with headlamp leveling control module B (auto-levelling for HID/LED headlamps).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Leuchtweitenregulierungs-Modul B verloren (für HID/LED-Scheinwerfer)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_leveling_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0190",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Subwoofer Amplifier Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Subwoofer-Verstärker-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "subwoofer_amplifier_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "subwoofer_amp_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Subwoofer amp unpowered",
            "de": "Subwoofer-Verstärker ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "subwoofer_amp_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to subwoofer amp broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Subwoofer-Verstärker unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0191",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Television Tuner Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit TV-Tuner-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "television_tuner_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tv_tuner_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TV tuner unpowered",
            "de": "TV-Tuner ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tv_tuner_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to TV tuner broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum TV-Tuner unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0192",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Personal Computer",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Onboard-PC verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle gateway has lost the on-board computer / fleet telematics PC. Logging, fleet management or driver-assistance based on the PC stop working.",
        "de": "Das Fahrzeug-Gateway hat den Bord-PC / die Telematik-Einheit verloren. Logging, Fuhrparkmanagement oder PC-basierte Assistenzfunktionen arbeiten nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "onboard_pc",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pc_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PC unpowered or hung",
            "de": "Onboard-PC ohne Spannung oder hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telematics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0193",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Mobile Phone Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Mobiltelefon-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mobile_phone_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "phone_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Phone module unpowered",
            "de": "Telefon-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "phone_module_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to phone module broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Telefon-Modul unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0194",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Personal Assist Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit persönlichem Assistenz-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The infotainment bus has lost the voice assistant / personal assist module. Voice commands and connected concierge features stop working.",
        "de": "Der Infotainment-Bus hat das Sprachassistenz-/Personal-Assist-Modul verloren. Sprachbefehle und vernetzte Concierge-Dienste funktionieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "voice_assistant_module",
        "infotainment_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "assist_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Assist module unpowered or hung",
            "de": "Assistenzmodul ohne Spannung oder hängend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_user_interface"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0195",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Satellite Radio Receiver Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Satellitenradio-Empfänger-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "satellite_radio_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sat_radio_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Satellite radio module unpowered",
            "de": "Satellitenradio-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "sat_radio_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to satellite radio broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum Satellitenradio unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0196",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Rear Seat Entertainment Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Fond-Entertainment-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_seat_entertainment_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rse_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "RSE module unpowered",
            "de": "RSE-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "rse_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to RSE broken",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum RSE unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0197",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Hands-Free Phone Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Freisprecheinrichtungs-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The infotainment system cannot reach the hands-free phone controller. Bluetooth telephony, address book sync and emergency call features may be unavailable.",
        "de": "Das Infotainment kann das Steuergerät der Freisprecheinrichtung nicht erreichen. Bluetooth-Telefonie, Adressbuch-Synchronisation und Notruffunktionen können ausfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hands_free_module",
        "infotainment_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hf_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hands-free module unpowered",
            "de": "Freisprech-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0198",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Telematic Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Telematik-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle has lost the telematics module (eCall / Connected Services / TCU). Emergency call, remote services and over-the-air features are unavailable until the module is back online.",
        "de": "Das Fahrzeug hat das Telematik-Steuergerät (eCall / Connected Services / TCU) verloren. Notruf, Remote-Dienste und Over-the-Air-Funktionen sind nicht verfügbar, bis das Modul wieder online ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "telematics_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcu_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCU unpowered or backup battery dead",
            "de": "TCU ohne Spannung oder Backup-Batterie leer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "antenna_open",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "Mobile antenna disconnected",
            "de": "Mobilfunkantenne getrennt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECall"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0199",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Door Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Tür-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module that expects to talk to the engine ECU has stopped receiving messages. Most commonly seen by the TCM, instrument cluster, or BCM after the ECU has been disconnected, fitted with a faulty replacement, or the CAN wiring has been damaged. Engine usually will not run while this fault is active in other modules.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät, das mit dem Motorsteuergerät kommunizieren sollte, empfängt keine Botschaften mehr. Wird am häufigsten von Getriebesteuergerät, Kombiinstrument oder Bordnetzsteuergerät gemeldet, nachdem die Motorsteuerung abgesteckt, ein defektes Ersatzgerät eingebaut oder die CAN-Verkabelung beschädigt wurde. Der Motor läuft meist nicht, solange dieser Fehler in anderen Steuergeräten aktiv ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "door_module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door module unpowered (often broken wires in door hinge)",
            "de": "Tür-Modul ohne Spannung (oft gebrochene Drähte im Türscharnier)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "water_in_door_module",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress into door module",
            "de": "Wassereinbruch ins Tür-Modul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U019A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Tachograph Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Tachograph-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the tachograph module (commercial vehicle driving-time recorder, EU regulation).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Tachograph-Modul verloren (Fahrtenschreiber bei Nutzfahrzeugen, EU-Vorschrift)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tachograph_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U019B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Battery Charger Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Batterie-Lademodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with battery charger control module A (on-board charger for HV battery on plug-in hybrids/EVs).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Batterie-Lademodul A verloren (On-Board-Ladegerät für HV-Batterie bei Plug-in-Hybrid/EV)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U019C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Glow Plug Control Module 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with glow plug control module 2 (second module on engines with bank-individual glow control).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Glühkerzen-Steuermodul 2 verloren (zweites Modul bei bankindividueller Steuerung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_module_2",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glow_plug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U019D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Temperature Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Ozonabbau-Kat-Temperatursensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the direct ozone reduction (DOR) catalyst temperature sensor.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Temperatursensor des Direkt-Ozon-Reduktions-Katalysators verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_catalyst_temp_sensor",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U019E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Transmission Range Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Wählhebel-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with transmission range control module (PRNDL gear selector).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Wählhebel-Steuermodul verloren (PRNDL-Gangwahl)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U019F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Coolant Pump Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Motorkühlmittelpumpen-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the electric coolant pump control module.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum elektrischen Kühlmittelpumpen-Modul verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01A0",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module A (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul A verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered or HV interlock open",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder HV-Interlock offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01A1",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module B (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul B verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01A2",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module C (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul C verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_c",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01A3",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module D (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul D verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_d",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01A4",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module E",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module E (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul E verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_e",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01A5",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module F",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module F (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul F verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_f",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01A6",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module G",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module G (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul G verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_g",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01A7",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module H",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module H (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul H verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_h",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01A8",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module I",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul I"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module I (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul I verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_i",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01A9",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module J",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module J (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul J verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_j",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01AA",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module K",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module K (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul K verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_k",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01AB",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module L",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module L (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul L verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_l",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01AC",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module M",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul M"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module M (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul M verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_m",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01AD",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module N",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul N"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module N (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul N verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_n",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01AE",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module O",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul O"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module O (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul O verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_o",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01AF",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module P",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Hybrid/EV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul P"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with hybrid/EV HV battery interface module P (BMS slave or cell-monitoring submodule).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum HV-Batterie-Schnittstellen-Modul P verloren (BMS-Slave oder Zellüberwachungs-Submodul)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_p",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01B0",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Battery Monitor Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Batterie-Monitor-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the battery monitor module (12V battery state-of-charge/health monitoring).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Batterie-Monitor-Modul verloren (12V-Batterie SOC/SOH-Überwachung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_monitor_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01B1",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Particulate Matter Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Partikelsensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with particulate matter sensor B (downstream of DPF, used for DPF integrity monitoring).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Partikelsensor B verloren (nach DPF, zur DPF-Überwachung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm_sensor_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01B2",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Planetary Gear Set Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Planetengetriebe-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with planetary gear set control module (used in some hybrid powertrains for power split).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Planetengetriebe-Modul verloren (in manchen Hybriden für Leistungsverzweigung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "planetary_gear_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01B3",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Brake Blending Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Bremsen-Blending-Aktuator"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the brake blending actuator (modulates between regen and friction braking on hybrids/EVs).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Bremsen-Blending-Aktuator verloren (regelt zwischen Rekuperation und Reibungsbremse bei Hybrid/EV)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_blending_actuator",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Aktuator ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01B4",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Brake System Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Bremssystem-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with brake system control module B (secondary brake controller).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Bremssystem-Steuermodul B verloren (sekundärer Bremscontroller)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_system_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01B5",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Catalyst Heater Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Katalysator-Heizungs-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the electric catalyst heater control module (helps cat reach light-off faster).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum elektrischen Kat-Heizungs-Modul verloren (hilft dem Kat schneller seine Anspringtemperatur zu erreichen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_heater_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01B6",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Heater Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Kraftstoff-Heizungs-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with fuel heater control module (heats diesel fuel to prevent waxing in cold).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Kraftstoff-Heizungs-Modul verloren (wärmt Diesel zur Verhinderung der Paraffinierung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_heater_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01B7",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Switch Input Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Schaltereingangs-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with switch input module A (collects switch signals — windows, lights, etc.).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Schaltereingangs-Modul A verloren (erfasst Schaltersignale — Fenster, Licht, etc.)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "switch_input_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01B8",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Switch Input Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Schaltereingangs-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with switch input module B (collects switch signals — windows, lights, etc.).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Schaltereingangs-Modul B verloren (erfasst Schaltersignale — Fenster, Licht, etc.)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "switch_input_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01B9",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Switch Input Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Schaltereingangs-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with switch input module C (collects switch signals — windows, lights, etc.).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Schaltereingangs-Modul C verloren (erfasst Schaltersignale — Fenster, Licht, etc.)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "switch_input_module_c",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01BA",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Park Lock/Pawl Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Parksperre-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with park lock/pawl control module (electronic parking pawl, common on automatic and EV gearboxes).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Parksperre-Modul verloren (elektronische Parksperre, üblich bei Automatik- und EV-Getrieben)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_lock_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01BB",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Battery Charger Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Batterie-Lademodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with battery charger control module B (on-board charger for HV battery on plug-in hybrids/EVs).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Batterie-Lademodul B verloren (On-Board-Ladegerät für HV-Batterie bei Plug-in-Hybrid/EV)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01BC",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the second CAC coolant pump module.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zur zweiten CAC-Kühlmittelpumpe verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01BD",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With DC/DC Converter Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit DC/DC-Wandler-Steuermodul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with DC/DC converter module C (steps HV battery down to 12V on hybrids/EVs).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum DC/DC-Wandler-Modul C verloren (wandelt HV auf 12V bei Hybrid/EV)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dcdc_converter_module_c",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01BE",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Drive Motor A Clutch Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplungsaktuator"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the drive motor A clutch actuator (engages/disengages drive motor in some hybrid layouts).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Kupplungsaktuator des Antriebsmotors A verloren (verbindet/trennt den Antriebsmotor in manchen Hybrid-Layouts)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "actuator_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Actuator unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Aktuator ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U01BF",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Battery Management Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Batteriemanagement-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost CAN communication with the main battery management control module (BMS) — central HV battery controller.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die CAN-Kommunikation zum zentralen Batteriemanagement-Modul (BMS) verloren — Hauptcontroller der HV-Batterie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "bms_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered or HV interlock open",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder HV-Interlock offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          10
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0200",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Türsteuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door control module B (typically passenger front door).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Türsteuermodul B verloren (typisch Beifahrertür vorne)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0201",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Türsteuermodul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door control module C (typically passenger front door).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Türsteuermodul C verloren (typisch Beifahrertür vorne)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_module_c",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0202",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Türsteuermodul D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door control module D (typically passenger front door).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Türsteuermodul D verloren (typisch Beifahrertür vorne)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_module_d",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0203",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Control Module E",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Türsteuermodul E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door control module E (typically passenger front door).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Türsteuermodul E verloren (typisch Beifahrertür vorne)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_module_e",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0204",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Control Module F",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Türsteuermodul F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door control module F (typically passenger front door).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Türsteuermodul F verloren (typisch Beifahrertür vorne)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_module_f",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0205",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Control Module G",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Türsteuermodul G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door control module G (typically passenger front door).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Türsteuermodul G verloren (typisch Beifahrertür vorne)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_module_g",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0206",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Folding Top Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Klappverdeck-Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the folding top control module (convertibles).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Klappverdeck-Modul verloren (Cabrio)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "folding_top_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0207",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Moveable Roof Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Bewegliches-Dach-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with moveable roof control module A (panoramic sunroof, hardtop).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Modul für bewegliches Dach A verloren (Panoramadach, Hardtop)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "moveable_roof_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0208",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Sitzsteuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with seat control module A (driver seat with memory/heating/ventilation).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Sitzsteuermodul A verloren (Fahrersitz mit Memory/Heizung/Ventilation)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0209",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Sitzsteuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with seat control module B (driver seat with memory/heating/ventilation).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Sitzsteuermodul B verloren (Fahrersitz mit Memory/Heizung/Ventilation)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U020A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Moveable Roof Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Bewegliches-Dach-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with moveable roof control module B (panoramic sunroof, hardtop).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Modul für bewegliches Dach A verloren (Panoramadach, Hardtop)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "moveable_roof_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U020B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Control Module H",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Türsteuermodul H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door control module H (typically passenger front door).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Türsteuermodul H verloren (typisch Beifahrertür vorne)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_module_h",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U020C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Wireless Accessory Charging Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Drahtlos-Zubehör-Lademodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with wireless accessory charging module A (Qi pad for phones).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Drahtlos-Lademodul A verloren (Qi-Pad für Telefone)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wireless_charging_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U020D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Wireless Accessory Charging Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Drahtlos-Zubehör-Lademodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with wireless accessory charging module B (Qi pad for phones).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Drahtlos-Lademodul B verloren (Qi-Pad für Telefone)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wireless_charging_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0210",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Sitzsteuermodul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with seat control module C (driver seat with memory/heating/ventilation).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Sitzsteuermodul C verloren (Fahrersitz mit Memory/Heizung/Ventilation)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_module_c",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0211",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Sitzsteuermodul D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with seat control module D (driver seat with memory/heating/ventilation).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Sitzsteuermodul D verloren (Fahrersitz mit Memory/Heizung/Ventilation)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_module_d",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0212",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Steering Column Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Lenksäulen-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle network has lost the steering column / multifunction stalk module. Indicators, wipers and steering column adjustment may stop responding to driver inputs.",
        "de": "Das Fahrzeugnetz hat das Lenksäulen-/Lenkstockschalter-Modul verloren. Blinker, Wischer und Lenksäulenverstellung reagieren möglicherweise nicht mehr auf Fahrereingaben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_column_module",
        "clockspring",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "clockspring_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clockspring failed",
            "de": "Wickelfeder defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "scm_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering column module unpowered",
            "de": "Lenksäulenmodul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_spring"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0213",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Mirror Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Spiegel-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body bus has lost the exterior mirror module. Folding, heating, dimming or memory functions of the mirrors stop working.",
        "de": "Der Bordnetz-Bus hat das Außenspiegel-Modul verloren. Anklappen, Heizung, Abblendautomatik oder Memory-Funktionen der Spiegel arbeiten nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_module",
        "lin_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "lin_wire_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "LIN wire to mirror open",
            "de": "LIN-Leitung zum Spiegel unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0214",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Remote Function Actuation",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Funkfernbedienungs-Empfänger verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body controller has lost the remote keyless entry / RF receiver module. Central locking by remote and keyless-entry features stop working; mechanical key still works.",
        "de": "Das Bordnetzsteuergerät hat das Funkfernbedienungs-/Keyless-Empfangsmodul verloren. Zentralverriegelung per Funk und Keyless-Entry funktionieren nicht mehr, der mechanische Schlüssel bleibt nutzbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rke_receiver",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "receiver_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "RF receiver unpowered",
            "de": "Funkempfänger ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_keyless_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0215",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Door Control Module Front Driver",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Türmodul Fahrer vorn verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body controller has lost the front driver door module. Power window, mirror, lock and door light functions on this door stop working.",
        "de": "Das Bordnetzsteuergerät hat das Türmodul Fahrer vorn verloren. Fensterheber, Spiegel, Verriegelung und Türleuchten dieser Tür arbeiten nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module",
        "door_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door harness broken in hinge",
            "de": "Türkabelbaum im Türscharnier gebrochen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "door_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door module failed",
            "de": "Türmodul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0216",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Door Control Module Front Passenger",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Türmodul Beifahrer vorn verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body controller has lost the front passenger door module. Window, lock, mirror and door light functions on this door stop responding.",
        "de": "Das Bordnetzsteuergerät hat das Türmodul Beifahrer vorn verloren. Fensterheber, Verriegelung, Spiegel und Türleuchten dieser Tür reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module",
        "door_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door harness broken in hinge",
            "de": "Türkabelbaum im Türscharnier gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0217",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Door Control Module Rear Driver",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Türmodul Fahrer hinten verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body controller has lost the rear driver door module. Window, lock and child-lock functions on this door stop responding.",
        "de": "Das Bordnetzsteuergerät hat das Türmodul Fahrer hinten verloren. Fensterheber, Verriegelung und Kindersicherung dieser Tür reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module",
        "door_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door harness broken in hinge",
            "de": "Türkabelbaum im Türscharnier gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0218",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Door Control Module Rear Passenger",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Türmodul Beifahrer hinten verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body controller has lost the rear passenger door module. Window, lock and child-lock functions on this door stop responding.",
        "de": "Das Bordnetzsteuergerät hat das Türmodul Beifahrer hinten verloren. Fensterheber, Verriegelung und Kindersicherung dieser Tür reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module",
        "door_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door harness broken in hinge",
            "de": "Türkabelbaum im Türscharnier gebrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0219",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Liftgate/Decklid Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Heckklappen-/Kofferraumdeckel-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body bus has lost the powered liftgate / decklid module. Electric opening and soft-close features stop working; latch must be operated manually.",
        "de": "Der Bordnetz-Bus hat das Modul der elektrischen Heckklappe / des Kofferraumdeckels verloren. Elektrisches Öffnen und Soft-Close arbeiten nicht mehr, der Deckel muss manuell betätigt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "liftgate_module",
        "liftgate_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "liftgate_harness",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Liftgate harness broken",
            "de": "Kabelbaum der Heckklappe unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_liftgate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0220",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Door Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Türmodul D verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body bus has lost an additional door control module (e.g. sliding door on a van). Window or sliding-door functions on this door are unavailable.",
        "de": "Der Bordnetz-Bus hat ein zusätzliches Türmodul (z. B. Schiebetür eines Transporters) verloren. Fensterheber- oder Schiebetürfunktionen dieser Tür sind nicht verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module",
        "door_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door harness damaged",
            "de": "Türkabelbaum beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0221",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Door Control Module E",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Türmodul E verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body bus has lost door control module E (e.g. second sliding door). Functions on this door stop working.",
        "de": "Der Bordnetz-Bus hat das Türmodul E (z. B. zweite Schiebetür) verloren. Funktionen dieser Tür arbeiten nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module",
        "door_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door harness damaged",
            "de": "Türkabelbaum beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0222",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Door Control Module F",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Türmodul F verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body bus has lost door control module F. Functions on this door (often a rear barn-door of a van) stop working.",
        "de": "Der Bordnetz-Bus hat das Türmodul F verloren. Funktionen dieser Tür (häufig hintere Flügeltür eines Transporters) arbeiten nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module",
        "door_harness"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "door_harness_break",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Door harness damaged",
            "de": "Türkabelbaum beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0223",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Window Motor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Fensterhebermotor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door window motor B (smart window motor with bus interface).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Fensterhebermotor B verloren (Smart-Motor mit Bus-Schnittstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "window_motor_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0224",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Window Motor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Fensterhebermotor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door window motor B (smart window motor with bus interface).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Fensterhebermotor B verloren (Smart-Motor mit Bus-Schnittstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "window_motor_c",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0225",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Window Motor D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Fensterhebermotor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door window motor B (smart window motor with bus interface).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Fensterhebermotor B verloren (Smart-Motor mit Bus-Schnittstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "window_motor_d",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0226",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Window Motor E",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Fensterhebermotor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door window motor B (smart window motor with bus interface).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Fensterhebermotor B verloren (Smart-Motor mit Bus-Schnittstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "window_motor_e",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0227",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Window Motor F",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Fensterhebermotor F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door window motor B (smart window motor with bus interface).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Fensterhebermotor B verloren (Smart-Motor mit Bus-Schnittstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "window_motor_f",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0228",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Door Window Motor G",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Fensterhebermotor G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with door window motor B (smart window motor with bus interface).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Fensterhebermotor B verloren (Smart-Motor mit Bus-Schnittstelle)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "window_motor_g",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0229",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Heated Steering Wheel Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Lenkradheizungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the heated steering wheel module.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Lenkradheizungs-Modul verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "heated_steering_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U022E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Object Detection Maintenance Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Objekterkennungs-Wartungsmodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with object detection maintenance control module A (camera/radar/lidar self-cleaning, alignment).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Objekterkennungs-Wartungsmodul A verloren (Kamera/Radar/Lidar-Reinigung, Kalibrierung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "obj_detect_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U022F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Object Detection Maintenance Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Objekterkennungs-Wartungsmodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with object detection maintenance control module B (camera/radar/lidar self-cleaning, alignment).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Objekterkennungs-Wartungsmodul B verloren (Kamera/Radar/Lidar-Reinigung, Kalibrierung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "obj_detect_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0230",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Rear Gate Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Heckklappen-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the rear gate (power tailgate) module.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Heckklappen-Modul verloren (elektrische Heckklappe)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_gate_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0231",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Rain Sensor Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Regensensor-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The wiper controller has lost the rain/light sensor module. Automatic wiping and automatic headlight switching stop working; the driver has to operate them manually.",
        "de": "Das Wischer-Steuergerät hat das Regen-/Lichtsensor-Modul verloren. Automatikwischen und Lichtautomatik arbeiten nicht mehr, der Fahrer muss manuell bedienen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rain_light_sensor",
        "lin_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rain sensor failed",
            "de": "Regensensor defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "lin_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "LIN wire to sensor open",
            "de": "LIN-Leitung zum Sensor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0232",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Left Side Obstacle Detection Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Hinderniserkennungs-Steuergerät links verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver assistance system has lost the left-side obstacle detection / blind spot monitor controller. The blind-spot warning light and lane-change warning are deactivated.",
        "de": "Das Fahrerassistenzsystem hat das Steuergerät der Hinderniserkennung / Toter-Winkel-Überwachung links verloren. Die Toter-Winkel-Warnleuchte und der Spurwechselhinweis sind deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "blind_spot_module_left",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Blind spot module unpowered",
            "de": "Toter-Winkel-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bumper_damage",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bumper damage broke wiring",
            "de": "Stoßfänger-Schaden hat Leitung getrennt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0233",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Right Side Obstacle Detection Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Hinderniserkennungs-Steuergerät rechts verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The driver assistance system has lost the right-side obstacle detection / blind spot monitor controller. The right blind-spot warning is deactivated.",
        "de": "Das Fahrerassistenzsystem hat das Steuergerät der Hinderniserkennung / Toter-Winkel-Überwachung rechts verloren. Die rechte Toter-Winkel-Warnung ist deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "blind_spot_module_right",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Right blind spot module unpowered",
            "de": "Rechtes Toter-Winkel-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0234",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Convenience Recall Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Komfort-Memory-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the convenience recall module (recalls user-specific seat/mirror/wheel positions).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Komfort-Memory-Modul verloren (ruft nutzerspezifische Sitz-/Spiegel-/Lenkradpositionen ab)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "convenience_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0235",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Cruise Control Front Distance Range Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Abstandssensor (ACC) verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Adaptive cruise control has lost the front radar / distance sensor. ACC is deactivated, fixed-speed cruise may stay available, and forward collision warning is disabled.",
        "de": "Der Abstandsregeltempomat hat den Frontradar-/Abstandssensor verloren. ACC wird deaktiviert, der konventionelle Tempomat bleibt eventuell verfügbar, der Frontkollisionswarner ist abgeschaltet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "acc_radar",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "radar_obstructed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radar obstructed or misaligned",
            "de": "Radar verschmutzt oder dejustiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "radar_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radar unpowered",
            "de": "Radar ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0236",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Steering Angle Sensor Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ESP / power steering controller has lost the steering angle sensor. ESP is deactivated and lane-keeping assistance is disabled.",
        "de": "Das ESP-/Lenkungs-Steuergerät hat den Lenkwinkelsensor verloren. ESP wird deaktiviert, Spurhalteassistent ist abgeschaltet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "clockspring",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_uncalibrated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor lost calibration after repair",
            "de": "Sensor nach Reparatur ohne Kalibrierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "clockspring_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Clockspring failed",
            "de": "Wickelfeder defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0237",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Sunroof Assembly Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Schiebedach-Baugruppen-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The body bus has lost the sunroof assembly module. Pinch protection and tilt/slide functions cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Bordnetz-Bus hat das Schiebedach-Baugruppen-Modul verloren. Einklemmschutz und Kipp-/Schiebefunktionen lassen sich nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sunroof_module",
        "lin_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "water_in_module",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water ingress",
            "de": "Wassereintritt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interconnect_Network"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0238",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Digital Audio Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Digital-Audio-Steuermodul D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with digital audio control module D (amp or zone audio controller).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Digital-Audio-Modul D verloren (Verstärker oder Zonen-Audiosteuerung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "audio_module_d",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0239",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Entrapment Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Einklemmschutz-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with entrapment control module A (anti-pinch protection on windows/sunroof/doors).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Einklemmschutz-Modul A verloren (Klemmschutz an Fenstern/SD/Türen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "entrapment_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U023A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Bildverarbeitungs-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with image processing module A (camera ECU for ADAS, e.g. front camera).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Bildverarbeitungs-Modul A verloren (Kamera-ECU für Fahrerassistenz, z. B. Frontkamera)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U023B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Bildverarbeitungs-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with image processing module B (camera ECU for ADAS, e.g. front camera).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Bildverarbeitungs-Modul B verloren (Kamera-ECU für Fahrerassistenz, z. B. Frontkamera)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U023C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Bildverarbeitungs-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with image processing module C (camera ECU for ADAS, e.g. front camera).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Bildverarbeitungs-Modul C verloren (Kamera-ECU für Fahrerassistenz, z. B. Frontkamera)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_module_c",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U023D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Front Distance Range Sensor - Left",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Front-Abstandssensor links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the front distance range sensor (radar/lidar) on the left.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum vorderen linken Abstandssensor (Radar/Lidar) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_distance_sensor_l",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U023E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Front Distance Range Sensor - Right",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Front-Abstandssensor rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the front distance range sensor (radar/lidar) on the left.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum vorderen linken Abstandssensor (Radar/Lidar) verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_distance_sensor_r",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor unpowered or wiring broken",
            "de": "Sensor ohne Spannung oder Verkabelung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0240",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Entrapment Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Einklemmschutz-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with entrapment control module B (anti-pinch protection on windows/sunroof/doors).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Einklemmschutz-Modul B verloren (Klemmschutz an Fenstern/SD/Türen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "entrapment_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0241",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Headlamp Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Scheinwerfer-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the headlamp control module A (matrix LED, adaptive headlights).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Scheinwerfer-Modul A verloren (Matrix-LED, adaptive Scheinwerfer)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0242",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Headlamp Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Scheinwerfer-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the headlamp control module B (matrix LED, adaptive headlights).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Scheinwerfer-Modul B verloren (Matrix-LED, adaptive Scheinwerfer)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0243",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Parking Assist Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Einparkhilfe-Steuermodul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with parking assist control module B (additional ultrasonic/visual parking system).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Einparkhilfe-Modul B verloren (zusätzliches Ultraschall-/Visuell-System)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "parking_assist_module_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0244",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Running Board Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Trittbrett-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with running board (power side step) control module A.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Trittbrett-Modul A verloren (elektrisches Trittbrett)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "running_board_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0245",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Entertainment Control Module - Front",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Entertainment-Modul vorne"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the front entertainment control module (head unit, infotainment).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum vorderen Entertainment-Modul verloren (Head-Unit, Infotainment)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "entertainment_module_front",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0246",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module E",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Sitzsteuermodul E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with seat control module E (driver seat with memory/heating/ventilation).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Sitzsteuermodul E verloren (Fahrersitz mit Memory/Heizung/Ventilation)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_module_e",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0247",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module F",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Sitzsteuermodul F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with seat control module F (driver seat with memory/heating/ventilation).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Sitzsteuermodul F verloren (Fahrersitz mit Memory/Heizung/Ventilation)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_module_f",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0248",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Remote Accessory Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Fernzubehör-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the remote accessory module (remote start, key fob).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Fernzubehör-Modul verloren (Standheizung-Fernstart, Funkschlüssel)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "remote_accessory_module",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0249",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Entertainment Control Module - Rear B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Entertainment-Modul hinten B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the rear entertainment control module B.",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum hinteren Entertainment-Modul B verloren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "entertainment_module_rear_b",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U024A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Interior Lighting Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust mit Innenlicht-Steuermodul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ECU lost communication with the interior lighting control module A (ambient lighting, courtesy lights).",
        "de": "Steuergerät hat die Kommunikation zum Innenlicht-Modul A verloren (Ambientebeleuchtung, Innenraumlicht)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "interior_lighting_module_a",
        "can_bus"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module unpowered",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U024B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module G",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzsteuergerät G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with seat control module G. Power-seat positions, memory presets and heating/ventilation requests routed through this node are no longer answered.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzsteuergerät G. Verstellpositionen, Memory-Funktionen sowie Heiz- und Lüftungsanforderungen über diesen Knoten werden nicht mehr beantwortet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_g",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U024C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module H",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzsteuergerät H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with seat control module H. Power-seat positions, memory presets and heating/ventilation requests routed through this node are no longer answered.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzsteuergerät H. Verstellpositionen, Memory-Funktionen sowie Heiz- und Lüftungsanforderungen über diesen Knoten werden nicht mehr beantwortet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_h",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U024D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module J",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzsteuergerät J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with seat control module J. Power-seat positions, memory presets and heating/ventilation requests routed through this node are no longer answered.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzsteuergerät J. Verstellpositionen, Memory-Funktionen sowie Heiz- und Lüftungsanforderungen über diesen Knoten werden nicht mehr beantwortet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_j",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U024E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Side Obstacle Detection Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with side obstacle detection module C. Blind-spot warnings and lane-change assist for the corresponding zone may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät C. Toter-Winkel-Warnungen und Spurwechselassistent in der zugehörigen Zone können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_obstacle_detection_module_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U024F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Side Obstacle Detection Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with side obstacle detection module D. Blind-spot warnings and lane-change assist for the corresponding zone may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät D. Toter-Winkel-Warnungen und Spurwechselassistent in der zugehörigen Zone können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_obstacle_detection_module_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0250",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Impact Classification System Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Impact-Klassifizierungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the impact classification module. Decisions on airbag deployment force, seat-belt pretensioning and post-crash actions can no longer use the inputs from this node.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Impact-Klassifizierungs-Steuergerät. Entscheidungen über Airbag-Auslösestärke, Gurtstraffung und Nachunfall-Aktionen können die Daten dieses Knotens nicht mehr nutzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "impact_classification_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0251",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Running Board Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Trittbrett-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with running board control module B. Power-deploying running boards on the corresponding side stop responding to door-open requests.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Trittbrett-Steuergerät B. Elektrisch ausfahrende Trittbretter der zugehörigen Seite reagieren nicht mehr auf das Türöffnen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "running_board_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0252",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Lighting Control Module Rear B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Licht-Steuergerät hinten B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the rear lighting control module B. Tail, brake, turn and reverse lamps controlled by this node may fall back to a default state or stay off.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Licht-Steuergerät B. Schluss-, Brems-, Blink- und Rückfahrleuchten dieses Knotens können in einen Notbetrieb wechseln oder ausbleiben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_lighting_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0253",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Accessory Protocol Interface Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Accessory-Protocol-Interface-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the accessory protocol interface module (APIM). Infotainment, voice control and connected services that route through APIM stop responding.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Accessory-Protocol-Interface-Modul (APIM). Infotainment, Sprachbedienung und vernetzte Dienste, die über APIM laufen, reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accessory_protocol_interface_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0254",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Remote Start Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Remote-Start-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the remote-start module. Engine pre-start by key fob, app or scheduled timer is no longer executed.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Remote-Start-Modul. Motor-Vorstarten per Funkschlüssel, App oder Timer wird nicht mehr ausgeführt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "remote_start_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_keyless_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0255",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Front Display Interface Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Front-Display-Interface-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the front display interface module. Center-stack screen, climate readout and infotainment menus stop updating.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Front-Display-Interface-Modul. Mittelkonsolen-Display, Klima-Anzeige und Infotainment-Menüs werden nicht mehr aktualisiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_display_interface_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0256",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Front Controls Interface Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Front-Bedien-Interface-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the front controls interface module A. Hard-keys, rotary knob and steering-wheel switches that route through this module stop being recognised.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Front-Bedien-Interface-Modul A. Tasten, Dreh-Drück-Steller und Lenkradtasten, die über dieses Modul laufen, werden nicht mehr erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_controls_interface_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0257",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Front Controls/Display Interface Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum kombinierten Front-Bedien-/Display-Interface-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the combined front controls/display interface module. Both center screen and hard-key inputs that route through this node fail at once.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum kombinierten Front-Bedien-/Display-Interface-Modul. Sowohl Mittel-Display als auch Tasten-Eingaben dieses Knotens fallen gleichzeitig aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_controls_display_interface_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0258",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Radio Transceiver",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Funkempfangs-/Sende-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the radio transceiver. Tuner, satellite radio and DAB reception that route through this transceiver stop responding.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Funkempfangs-/Sende-Modul. Tuner, Satellitenradio und DAB-Empfang, die über diesen Transceiver laufen, reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radio_transceiver",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0259",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Special Purpose Vehicle Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with special-purpose vehicle (SPV) control module A. Upfit functions like emergency lighting, sirens, fleet relays or PTO/auxiliary systems controlled by this node stop responding.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät A (SPV). Aufbau-Funktionen wie Sondersignal, Sirene, Flottenrelais oder PTO-/Zusatzsysteme dieses Knotens reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "special_purpose_vehicle_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U025A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Special Purpose Vehicle Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with special-purpose vehicle (SPV) control module B. Upfit functions like emergency lighting, sirens, fleet relays or PTO/auxiliary systems controlled by this node stop responding.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät B (SPV). Aufbau-Funktionen wie Sondersignal, Sirene, Flottenrelais oder PTO-/Zusatzsysteme dieses Knotens reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "special_purpose_vehicle_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U025B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Special Purpose Vehicle Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with special-purpose vehicle (SPV) control module C. Upfit functions like emergency lighting, sirens, fleet relays or PTO/auxiliary systems controlled by this node stop responding.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät C (SPV). Aufbau-Funktionen wie Sondersignal, Sirene, Flottenrelais oder PTO-/Zusatzsysteme dieses Knotens reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "special_purpose_vehicle_module_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U025C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Special Purpose Vehicle Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with special-purpose vehicle (SPV) control module D. Upfit functions like emergency lighting, sirens, fleet relays or PTO/auxiliary systems controlled by this node stop responding.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät D (SPV). Aufbau-Funktionen wie Sondersignal, Sirene, Flottenrelais oder PTO-/Zusatzsysteme dieses Knotens reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "special_purpose_vehicle_module_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U025D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Front Controls Interface Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Front-Bedien-Interface-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the front controls interface module B. Hard-keys, rotary knob and steering-wheel switches that route through this module stop being recognised.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Front-Bedien-Interface-Modul B. Tasten, Dreh-Drück-Steller und Lenkradtasten, die über dieses Modul laufen, werden nicht mehr erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_controls_interface_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U025E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Electronic Brake Booster Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum elektronischen Bremskraftverstärker-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with electronic brake booster module A. Boost assist, brake-by-wire pedal feedback and regenerative-brake blending coordinated by this node may revert to a degraded mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum elektronischen Bremskraftverstärker-Steuergerät A. Verstärker-Assistenz, Brake-by-Wire-Pedalrückmeldung und Mischung mit Rekuperation aus diesem Knoten können in den Notlauf wechseln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electronic_brake_booster_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U025F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Electronic Brake Booster Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum elektronischen Bremskraftverstärker-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with electronic brake booster module B. Boost assist, brake-by-wire pedal feedback and regenerative-brake blending coordinated by this node may revert to a degraded mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum elektronischen Bremskraftverstärker-Steuergerät B. Verstärker-Assistenz, Brake-by-Wire-Pedalrückmeldung und Mischung mit Rekuperation aus diesem Knoten können in den Notlauf wechseln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electronic_brake_booster_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0260",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Switch Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzschalter-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the seat control switch module A. Buttons for seat adjustment, lumbar and memory recall on this position stop responding.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzschalter-Modul A. Tasten für Sitzverstellung, Lordosenstütze und Memory-Abruf an dieser Position reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_switch_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0261",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Switch Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzschalter-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the seat control switch module B. Buttons for seat adjustment, lumbar and memory recall on this position stop responding.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzschalter-Modul B. Tasten für Sitzverstellung, Lordosenstütze und Memory-Abruf an dieser Position reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_switch_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0262",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Audio Amplifier B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Audio-Verstärker B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with audio amplifier B. Speakers driven by this amplifier go silent or fall back to a head-unit-only output.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Audio-Verstärker B. Lautsprecher, die von diesem Verstärker gespeist werden, bleiben stumm oder fallen auf reine Head-Unit-Wiedergabe zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "audio_amplifier_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0263",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Speech Recognition Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Spracherkennungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the speech recognition module. Voice commands for navigation, phone or media stop being recognised.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Spracherkennungs-Modul. Sprachbefehle für Navigation, Telefon oder Medien werden nicht mehr erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "speech_recognition_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0264",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Camera Module Rear",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Kameramodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the rear camera module. The reverse-camera image, dynamic guide lines and any cross-traffic alert from this camera are unavailable.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Kameramodul. Das Rückfahrkamerabild, dynamische Hilfslinien und Querverkehrswarnung dieser Kamera sind nicht verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_camera_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup_camera"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0265",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor A. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor A. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0266",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor B. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor B. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0267",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor C. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor C. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0268",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor D. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor D. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0269",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor E",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor E. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor E. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_e",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U026A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor F",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor F. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor F. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_f",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U026B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor G",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor G. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor G. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_g",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U026C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor H",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor H. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor H. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_h",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U026D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor I",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor I"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor I. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor I. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_i",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U026E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor J",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor J. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor J. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_j",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U026F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor K",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor K. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor K. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_k",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0270",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Image Processing Sensor L",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with image processing sensor L. ADAS functions that depend on this camera (lane keeping, traffic-sign recognition, forward collision warning) may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor L. ADAS-Funktionen, die auf diese Kamera angewiesen sind (Spurhalter, Verkehrszeichenerkennung, Auffahrwarner), können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_l",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0271",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Switch Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzschalter-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the seat control switch module C. Buttons for seat adjustment, lumbar and memory recall on this position stop responding.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzschalter-Modul C. Tasten für Sitzverstellung, Lordosenstütze und Memory-Abruf an dieser Position reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_switch_module_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0272",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Switch Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzschalter-Modul D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the seat control switch module D. Buttons for seat adjustment, lumbar and memory recall on this position stop responding.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzschalter-Modul D. Tasten für Sitzverstellung, Lordosenstütze und Memory-Abruf an dieser Position reagieren nicht mehr."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_switch_module_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0273",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Lighting Driver Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lichttreiber-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with lighting driver control module A. LED matrix segments and adaptive headlamp functions driven by this node may default to a fallback beam pattern.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Lichttreiber-Steuergerät A. LED-Matrix-Segmente und adaptive Scheinwerferfunktionen dieses Knotens fallen auf eine Notlicht-Verteilung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lighting_driver_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0274",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Lighting Driver Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lichttreiber-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with lighting driver control module B. LED matrix segments and adaptive headlamp functions driven by this node may default to a fallback beam pattern.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Lichttreiber-Steuergerät B. LED-Matrix-Segmente und adaptive Scheinwerferfunktionen dieses Knotens fallen auf eine Notlicht-Verteilung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lighting_driver_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0275",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Lighting Driver Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lichttreiber-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with lighting driver control module C. LED matrix segments and adaptive headlamp functions driven by this node may default to a fallback beam pattern.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Lichttreiber-Steuergerät C. LED-Matrix-Segmente und adaptive Scheinwerferfunktionen dieses Knotens fallen auf eine Notlicht-Verteilung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lighting_driver_module_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0276",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Lighting Driver Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lichttreiber-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with lighting driver control module D. LED matrix segments and adaptive headlamp functions driven by this node may default to a fallback beam pattern.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Lichttreiber-Steuergerät D. LED-Matrix-Segmente und adaptive Scheinwerferfunktionen dieses Knotens fallen auf eine Notlicht-Verteilung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lighting_driver_module_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0277",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module K",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzsteuergerät K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with seat control module K. Power-seat positions, memory presets and heating/ventilation requests routed through this node are no longer answered.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzsteuergerät K. Verstellpositionen, Memory-Funktionen sowie Heiz- und Lüftungsanforderungen über diesen Knoten werden nicht mehr beantwortet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_k",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0278",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Seat Control Module L",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzsteuergerät L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with seat control module L. Power-seat positions, memory presets and heating/ventilation requests routed through this node are no longer answered.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Sitzsteuergerät L. Verstellpositionen, Memory-Funktionen sowie Heiz- und Lüftungsanforderungen über diesen Knoten werden nicht mehr beantwortet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_l",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0279",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Haptic Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Haptik-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the haptic control module. Vibration feedback in steering wheel, seat or pedals (lane-departure, blind-spot, parking) stops being delivered.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Haptik-Steuergerät. Vibrations-Rückmeldungen in Lenkrad, Sitz oder Pedalen (Spurverlassenswarnung, Toter-Winkel, Einparken) bleiben aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "haptic_control_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U027A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Battery Charger Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Batterielade-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with battery charger control module C. AC/DC charging coordination for the high-voltage battery via this node is suspended.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Batterielade-Steuergerät C. AC-/DC-Lade-Koordination der Hochvolt-Batterie über diesen Knoten wird ausgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_module_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U027B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Battery Charger Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Batterielade-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with battery charger control module D. AC/DC charging coordination for the high-voltage battery via this node is suspended.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Batterielade-Steuergerät D. AC-/DC-Lade-Koordination der Hochvolt-Batterie über diesen Knoten wird ausgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_module_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U027C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Off-Board Charger Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Off-Board-Ladegerät-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the off-board charger module. Negotiation with external DC fast-charge stations (CCS, CHAdeMO) and the resulting charging session cannot start.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Off-Board-Ladegerät-Steuergerät. Aushandlung mit externen DC-Schnellladestationen (CCS, CHAdeMO) und die daraus folgende Ladesitzung können nicht gestartet werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "off_board_charger_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0284",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Grille Air Shutter Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with active grille shutter module A. The aerodynamic flaps in front of the radiator stay in their default position, increasing drag and possibly affecting cooling.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung A. Die aerodynamischen Klappen vor dem Kühler bleiben in der Default-Stellung, was Luftwiderstand erhöht und Kühlung beeinflussen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0285",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Grille Air Shutter Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with active grille shutter module B. The aerodynamic flaps in front of the radiator stay in their default position, increasing drag and possibly affecting cooling.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung B. Die aerodynamischen Klappen vor dem Kühler bleiben in der Default-Stellung, was Luftwiderstand erhöht und Kühlung beeinflussen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0286",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Radiator Anti-Tamper Device",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühler-Manipulationsschutz-Einrichtung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the radiator anti-tamper device. Detection of unauthorised changes to the cooling system can no longer be confirmed by this node.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühler-Manipulationsschutz-Einrichtung. Erkennung unzulässiger Änderungen am Kühlsystem kann durch diesen Knoten nicht mehr bestätigt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radiator_anti_tamper_device",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0287",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Transmission Fluid Pump Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Getriebeöl-Pumpe-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with transmission fluid pump module A. Auxiliary ATF pumping during start/stop or hybrid coast cannot be commanded, which may delay shifts or impair cooling.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Getriebeöl-Pumpe-Steuergerät A. Zusätzliches ATF-Pumpen im Start/Stop oder Hybrid-Coasting kann nicht angefordert werden, was Schaltungen verzögern oder die Kühlung beeinträchtigen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pump_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0288",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With DC/AC Converter Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum DC/AC-Wandler-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with DC/AC inverter module A. Drive-motor torque commands or AC-outlet supply that route through this inverter are unavailable, putting the EV/hybrid drivetrain into a degraded mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum DC/AC-Wandler-Steuergerät A. Antriebsmotor-Momentanforderungen oder AC-Steckdosen-Versorgung über diesen Wechselrichter sind nicht verfügbar, was den EV-/Hybrid-Antrieb in den Notlauf zwingt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_ac_converter_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0289",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With DC/AC Converter Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum DC/AC-Wandler-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with DC/AC inverter module B. Drive-motor torque commands or AC-outlet supply that route through this inverter are unavailable, putting the EV/hybrid drivetrain into a degraded mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum DC/AC-Wandler-Steuergerät B. Antriebsmotor-Momentanforderungen oder AC-Steckdosen-Versorgung über diesen Wechselrichter sind nicht verfügbar, was den EV-/Hybrid-Antrieb in den Notlauf zwingt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_ac_converter_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U028A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Transmission Fluid Pump Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Getriebeöl-Pumpe-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with transmission fluid pump module B. Auxiliary ATF pumping during start/stop or hybrid coast cannot be commanded, which may delay shifts or impair cooling.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Getriebeöl-Pumpe-Steuergerät B. Zusätzliches ATF-Pumpen im Start/Stop oder Hybrid-Coasting kann nicht angefordert werden, was Schaltungen verzögern oder die Kühlung beeinträchtigen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pump_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U028B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Grille Air Shutter Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with active grille shutter module C. The aerodynamic flaps in front of the radiator stay in their default position, increasing drag and possibly affecting cooling.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung C. Die aerodynamischen Klappen vor dem Kühler bleiben in der Default-Stellung, was Luftwiderstand erhöht und Kühlung beeinflussen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U028C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Grille Air Shutter Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with active grille shutter module D. The aerodynamic flaps in front of the radiator stay in their default position, increasing drag and possibly affecting cooling.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung D. Die aerodynamischen Klappen vor dem Kühler bleiben in der Default-Stellung, was Luftwiderstand erhöht und Kühlung beeinflussen kann."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U028D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Aerodynamic Feature Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Aktiv-Aerodynamik-Steuerung A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with active aerodynamic feature module A. Powered spoilers, air-dams or wheel-arch closures controlled by this node default to a fixed position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Aktiv-Aerodynamik-Steuerung A. Elektrisch verstellbare Spoiler, Luftleitwände oder Radkasten-Verschlüsse dieses Knotens fallen in eine feste Position zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_aero_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U028E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Aerodynamic Feature Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Aktiv-Aerodynamik-Steuerung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with active aerodynamic feature module B. Powered spoilers, air-dams or wheel-arch closures controlled by this node default to a fixed position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Aktiv-Aerodynamik-Steuerung B. Elektrisch verstellbare Spoiler, Luftleitwände oder Radkasten-Verschlüsse dieses Knotens fallen in eine feste Position zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_aero_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U028F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Aerodynamic Feature Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Aktiv-Aerodynamik-Steuerung C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with active aerodynamic feature module C. Powered spoilers, air-dams or wheel-arch closures controlled by this node default to a fixed position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Aktiv-Aerodynamik-Steuerung C. Elektrisch verstellbare Spoiler, Luftleitwände oder Radkasten-Verschlüsse dieses Knotens fallen in eine feste Position zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_aero_module_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0290",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Aerodynamic Feature Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Aktiv-Aerodynamik-Steuerung D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with active aerodynamic feature module D. Powered spoilers, air-dams or wheel-arch closures controlled by this node default to a fixed position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Aktiv-Aerodynamik-Steuerung D. Elektrisch verstellbare Spoiler, Luftleitwände oder Radkasten-Verschlüsse dieses Knotens fallen in eine feste Position zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_aero_module_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0291",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Gear Shift Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Gangwahl-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with gear shift control module B. Shift-by-wire requests for park/reverse/drive coordinated through this node are no longer answered.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Gangwahl-Steuergerät B. Shift-by-Wire-Anforderungen für P/R/D über diesen Knoten werden nicht mehr beantwortet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_control_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0292",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Drive Motor Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with drive motor control module B. Torque commands for the second EV/hybrid traction motor cannot be coordinated, forcing the powertrain into a degraded mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät B. Momentanforderungen an den zweiten EV-/Hybrid-Antriebsmotor können nicht koordiniert werden, der Antrieb wechselt in den Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_control_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0293",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Hybrid Vehicle Control System",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Hybridfahrzeug-Steuersystem verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid vehicle network has lost the hybrid control unit (HCU). The vehicle drops out of hybrid operation, often forced into a fail-safe mode that limits torque.",
        "de": "Das Hybrid-Fahrzeugnetz hat die Hybrid-Steuereinheit (HCU) verloren. Das Fahrzeug fällt aus dem Hybridbetrieb, meist in einen Notlaufmodus mit reduziertem Drehmoment."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_control_unit",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hcu_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HCU unpowered",
            "de": "HCU ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "hv_interlock_open",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV interlock loop opened",
            "de": "HV-Interlock-Schleife geöffnet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0294",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Powertrain Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Antriebsstrang-Steuergerät B verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A second powertrain control module (e.g. on dual-engine, twin-turbo bank-specific or range-extender vehicles) has dropped off the network. Engine power is reduced or limp-home mode is forced.",
        "de": "Ein zweites Antriebsstrang-Steuergerät (z. B. bei Bank-spezifischen Doppel-PCMs oder Range-Extendern) ist nicht mehr am Netz. Die Motorleistung wird reduziert oder ein Notlauf erzwungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "powertrain_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pcm_b_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "PCM B unpowered",
            "de": "PCM B ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0295",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Power Steering Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Lenkungs-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle network has lost the electric power steering (EPS) control module. Power assist drops out, the steering becomes heavy and the EPS warning lamp lights up.",
        "de": "Das Fahrzeugnetz hat das EPS-Steuergerät der elektrischen Servolenkung verloren. Die Servounterstützung fällt aus, die Lenkung wird schwergängig und die EPS-Warnlampe leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "eps_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "eps_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPS module unpowered",
            "de": "EPS-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "eps_can_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN wiring to EPS damaged",
            "de": "CAN-Leitung zum EPS beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0296",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With AC/DC Converter Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with AC/DC converter (on-board charger) module A. Charging from AC sources cannot be controlled and the high-voltage battery does not refill via this path.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum AC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät A (On-Board-Charger). Laden aus AC-Quellen wird nicht gesteuert und die HV-Batterie kann über diesen Pfad nicht nachgeladen werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_dc_converter_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0297",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication with Hybrid Powertrain Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikation mit Hybrid-Antriebsstrang-Steuergerät verloren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The hybrid CAN has lost the hybrid powertrain control module. Hybrid operation is disabled and the vehicle defaults to combustion-only mode if available.",
        "de": "Der Hybrid-CAN hat das Hybrid-Antriebsstrang-Steuergerät verloren. Der Hybridbetrieb wird abgeschaltet, das Fahrzeug fällt auf reinen Verbrennungsbetrieb zurück, sofern verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hybrid_powertrain_module",
        "hv_can_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hybrid module unpowered",
            "de": "Hybrid-Modul ohne Spannung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0298",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With DC/DC Converter Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum DC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with DC/DC converter module A. The converter that supplies the 12-V system from the high-voltage battery cannot be commanded; 12-V load shedding may begin.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum DC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät A. Der Wandler, der das 12-V-Bordnetz aus der HV-Batterie versorgt, kann nicht angesteuert werden — 12-V-Lastabschaltungen sind möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_dc_converter_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0299",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With DC/DC Converter Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum DC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with DC/DC converter module B. The converter that supplies the 12-V system from the high-voltage battery cannot be commanded; 12-V load shedding may begin.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum DC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät B. Der Wandler, der das 12-V-Bordnetz aus der HV-Batterie versorgt, kann nicht angesteuert werden — 12-V-Lastabschaltungen sind möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_dc_converter_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U029A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Sensor Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Hybrid-/EV-Batteriepack-Sensor-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the high-voltage battery pack sensor module. Cell-voltage and temperature data needed for state-of-charge and state-of-health calculation are missing.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Batteriepack-Sensor-Modul. Zell-Spannungen und Temperaturen, die für SoC- und SoH-Berechnung gebraucht werden, fehlen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_sensor_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U029B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Drive Motor Control Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with drive motor control module C. Torque commands for this EV/hybrid traction motor cannot be coordinated, forcing the powertrain into a degraded mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät C. Momentanforderungen an diesen EV-/Hybrid-Antriebsmotor können nicht koordiniert werden, der Antrieb wechselt in den Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_control_module_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U029C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Drive Motor Control Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with drive motor control module D. Torque commands for this EV/hybrid traction motor cannot be coordinated, forcing the powertrain into a degraded mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät D. Momentanforderungen an diesen EV-/Hybrid-Antriebsmotor können nicht koordiniert werden, der Antrieb wechselt in den Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_control_module_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U029D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With NOx Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum NOx-Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with NOx sensor A (smart sensor with own ECU). The SCR catalyst control loop loses its actual NOx feedback and may switch to substitute values.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum NOx-Sensor A (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät). Die SCR-Regelschleife verliert ihre Ist-NOx-Rückmeldung und schaltet auf Ersatzwerte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          350,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U029E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With NOx Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum NOx-Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with NOx sensor B (smart sensor with own ECU). The SCR catalyst control loop loses its actual NOx feedback and may switch to substitute values.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum NOx-Sensor B (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät). Die SCR-Regelschleife verliert ihre Ist-NOx-Rückmeldung und schaltet auf Ersatzwerte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          350,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U029F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Evaporative Emission System Leak Detection Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum EVAP-Leckerkennungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the EVAP leak detection module. Tank-pressure / vacuum diagnostics for fuel-vapour leaks cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum EVAP-Leckerkennungs-Steuergerät. Tankdruck-/Vakuum-Diagnose auf Kraftstoffdampf-Lecks kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02A0",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module D. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul D. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Signale nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02A1",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With NOx Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum NOx-Sensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with NOx sensor C (smart sensor with own ECU). The SCR catalyst control loop loses its actual NOx feedback and may switch to substitute values.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum NOx-Sensor C (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät). Die SCR-Regelschleife verliert ihre Ist-NOx-Rückmeldung und schaltet auf Ersatzwerte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          350,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02A2",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Reductant Quality Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AdBlue-Qualitäts-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the reductant (DEF/AdBlue) quality sensor module. The SCR system cannot verify urea concentration; emissions countermeasures may activate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum AdBlue-Qualitätssensor-Modul. Das SCR-System kann die Harnstoffkonzentration nicht prüfen; Emissions-Gegenmaßnahmen können aktiviert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_quality_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02A3",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Particulate Matter Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Partikelsensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the particulate matter (PM) sensor (smart sensor with own ECU). DPF post-cat soot monitoring loses its primary feedback signal.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Partikelsensor (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät). Die DPF-Nachkat-Rußüberwachung verliert ihr primäres Rückmeldesignal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02A4",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With NH3 Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum NH3-Sensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the ammonia (NH3) slip sensor downstream of the SCR. Detection of urea over-dosing is impaired.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum NH3-Schlupfsensor hinter dem SCR. Erkennung von Harnstoff-Überdosierung ist eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02A5",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Reductant Heater Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AdBlue-Heizungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the reductant heater module. AdBlue lines and tank can no longer be thawed at low temperatures, blocking SCR operation in winter.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum AdBlue-Heizungs-Steuergerät. AdBlue-Leitungen und Tank können bei tiefen Temperaturen nicht aufgetaut werden, was den SCR-Betrieb im Winter blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02A6",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Safety Integration Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Safety-Integration-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the safety integration module that arbitrates between ADAS, restraint, brake and steering systems. Cross-system safety functions may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Safety-Integration-Steuergerät, das zwischen ADAS, Rückhaltesystem, Bremse und Lenkung koordiniert. Übergreifende Sicherheits-Funktionen können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "safety_integration_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02A7",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Sound Control 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Motorsound-Steuerung 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with engine sound control unit 1. Active sound design (interior synthetic engine sound or exterior pedestrian alert) for this channel stops.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Motorsound-Steuerung 1. Aktive Sound-Wiedergabe (synthetischer Motorsound innen oder Fußgängerwarnton außen) für diesen Kanal bleibt aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_sound_module_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02A8",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Sound Control 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Motorsound-Steuerung 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with engine sound control unit 2. Active sound design (interior synthetic engine sound or exterior pedestrian alert) for this channel stops.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Motorsound-Steuerung 2. Aktive Sound-Wiedergabe (synthetischer Motorsound innen oder Fußgängerwarnton außen) für diesen Kanal bleibt aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_sound_module_2",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02A9",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with charge air cooler (intercooler) coolant pump A. Intake-charge cooling on indirect intercooler systems cannot be controlled, raising knock risk and reducing power.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe A. Die Ladeluftkühlung indirekter Intercooler-Systeme kann nicht geregelt werden — Klopfgefahr und Leistungseinbußen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02AA",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Disconnect Clutch",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Motor-Trennkupplung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the hybrid engine disconnect clutch actuator. Switching between EV-only and combustion drive can no longer be commanded smoothly.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Hybrid-Trennkupplung. Wechsel zwischen reinem EV- und Verbrennungsbetrieb kann nicht mehr sauber kommandiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02AB",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Vehicle Thermal Management Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Fahrzeug-Thermomanagement-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the vehicle thermal management module. Coordination of engine, battery and cabin cooling/heating loops is lost; sub-modules fall back to local control.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Fahrzeug-Thermomanagement-Steuergerät. Koordination von Motor-, Batterie- und Innenraum-Kühl-/Heizkreisen geht verloren; Untergeräte fallen auf lokale Regelung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermal_management_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02AC",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Turbolader-/Kompressor-Ladedruckregelung A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with boost control module A (electric wastegate or VTG actuator). Boost pressure cannot be commanded; the engine reverts to a low-power fallback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Ladedruck-Steuerung A (elektrisches Wastegate oder VTG-Steller). Ladedruck kann nicht angefordert werden; der Motor wechselt in einen leistungsreduzierten Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02AD",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Turbolader-/Kompressor-Ladedruckregelung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with boost control module B (electric wastegate or VTG actuator). Boost pressure cannot be commanded; the engine reverts to a low-power fallback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Ladedruck-Steuerung B (elektrisches Wastegate oder VTG-Steller). Ladedruck kann nicht angefordert werden; der Motor wechselt in einen leistungsreduzierten Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02AE",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Coolant Pump",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Kühlmittelpumpe"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the high-voltage battery coolant pump. Active battery cooling cannot be regulated; charging/discharging power may be limited to protect the cells.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur HV-Batterie-Kühlmittelpumpe. Aktive Batteriekühlung kann nicht geregelt werden; Lade-/Entladeleistung kann zum Zellschutz begrenzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_coolant_pump",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02AF",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger Turbine Inlet Valve Position Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Turbinen-Eintritts-Klappen-Positionssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the turbocharger turbine inlet valve position sensor. Position feedback for variable inlet geometry on twin-scroll/sequential turbo systems is missing.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Positionssensor der Turbinen-Eintritts-Klappe. Lagerückmeldung für variable Eintrittsgeometrie an Twin-Scroll-/sequentiellen Turbosystemen fehlt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbine_inlet_valve_position_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02B0",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control B Position Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lagensensor der Ladedruckregelung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the boost control B position sensor. Closed-loop control of the wastegate/VTG actuator on this turbo loses its actual feedback signal.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Lagensensor der Ladedruckregelung B. Die Regelschleife für Wastegate/VTG-Steller dieses Turbos verliert ihre Ist-Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_b_position_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02B1",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Comfort and Convenience Display A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Komfort-/Convenience-Anzeige A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with comfort and convenience display A (typically a rear-seat or passenger screen for climate, audio, ambient lighting). It freezes or goes blank.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Komfort-/Convenience-Anzeige A (meist Fond- oder Beifahrerdisplay für Klima, Audio, Ambientelicht). Sie friert ein oder bleibt schwarz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "comfort_display_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02B2",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Comfort and Convenience Display B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Komfort-/Convenience-Anzeige B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with comfort and convenience display B (typically a rear-seat or passenger screen for climate, audio, ambient lighting). It freezes or goes blank.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Komfort-/Convenience-Anzeige B (meist Fond- oder Beifahrerdisplay für Klima, Audio, Ambientelicht). Sie friert ein oder bleibt schwarz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "comfort_display_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02B3",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Driver Monitoring System Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Fahrer-Beobachtungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the driver monitoring system (DMS) module. Eye/head-pose tracking for drowsiness, distraction and hands-on detection is unavailable, and dependent ADAS handover features may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Fahrer-Beobachtungs-Modul (DMS). Augen-/Kopfposen-Erfassung für Müdigkeit, Ablenkung und Hands-On-Erkennung ist nicht verfügbar; abhängige ADAS-Übergabe-Funktionen können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_monitoring_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver_drowsiness_detection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02B4",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Front Radar Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum vorderen Radar-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with front radar module A. Adaptive cruise control, automatic emergency braking and forward collision warning lose their primary range/closing-speed input.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum vorderen Radar-Modul A. Adaptive Cruise Control, Notbremsassistent und Auffahrwarner verlieren ihre primäre Abstands-/Geschwindigkeits-Eingabe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_radar_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02B5",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Front Radar Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum vorderen Radar-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with front radar module B. Adaptive cruise control, automatic emergency braking and forward collision warning lose their primary range/closing-speed input.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum vorderen Radar-Modul B. Adaptive Cruise Control, Notbremsassistent und Auffahrwarner verlieren ihre primäre Abstands-/Geschwindigkeits-Eingabe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_radar_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02B6",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Rear Radar Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Radar-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with rear radar module A. Blind-spot warning, lane-change assist and rear cross-traffic alert dependent on this sensor are inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Radar-Modul A. Toter-Winkel-Warnung, Spurwechselassistent und Querverkehrswarnung hinten, die auf diesen Sensor angewiesen sind, werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_radar_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02B7",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Rear Radar Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Radar-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with rear radar module B. Blind-spot warning, lane-change assist and rear cross-traffic alert dependent on this sensor are inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Radar-Modul B. Toter-Winkel-Warnung, Spurwechselassistent und Querverkehrswarnung hinten, die auf diesen Sensor angewiesen sind, werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_radar_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02B8",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Rear Radar Module C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Radar-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with rear radar module C. Blind-spot warning, lane-change assist and rear cross-traffic alert dependent on this sensor are inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Radar-Modul C. Toter-Winkel-Warnung, Spurwechselassistent und Querverkehrswarnung hinten, die auf diesen Sensor angewiesen sind, werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_radar_module_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02B9",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Rear Radar Module D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Radar-Modul D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with rear radar module D. Blind-spot warning, lane-change assist and rear cross-traffic alert dependent on this sensor are inhibited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Radar-Modul D. Toter-Winkel-Warnung, Spurwechselassistent und Querverkehrswarnung hinten, die auf diesen Sensor angewiesen sind, werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_radar_module_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02BA",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur HV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the hybrid/EV power-electronics coolant pump B. Inverters and DC/DC stages on this loop lose active cooling and may derate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühlmittelpumpe B der HV-Leistungselektronik. Wechselrichter und DC/DC-Stufen in diesem Kreis verlieren die aktive Kühlung und können in Leistungs-Reduktion gehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02BB",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EVAP System Purge Pump",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur EVAP-Spülpumpe"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the EVAP purge pump (used on systems with electric purging instead of intake-vacuum). Vapour purge from the carbon canister cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur EVAP-Spülpumpe (an Systemen mit elektrischer Spülung statt Saugrohrunterdruck). Tankdampf-Spülung des Aktivkohlefilters kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_purge_pump",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02BC",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Localization and Mapping Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lokalisierungs-/Karten-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the localization and mapping module (HD map / SLAM ECU for ADAS and autonomous functions). Lane-level localization and map-based predictions are unavailable.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Lokalisierungs-/Karten-Modul (HD-Map/SLAM-Steuergerät für ADAS und autonome Funktionen). Spurgenaue Lokalisierung und kartenbasierte Vorhersagen fehlen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "localization_mapping_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneous_localization_and_mapping"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02BD",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Night Vision Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Nachtsicht-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the night vision module. The infrared camera image and pedestrian highlighting in the head-up or cluster display are unavailable.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Nachtsicht-Steuergerät. Das Infrarot-Kamerabild und die Fußgänger-Hervorhebung im Head-up oder Kombiinstrument sind nicht verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "night_vision_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_night_vision"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02BE",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Trailer Backup Assist Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Anhänger-Rückfahr-Assistenten-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the trailer backup assist module. Steer-by-knob trailer reverse guidance, hitch angle sensing and trajectory planning are unavailable.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Anhänger-Rückfahr-Assistenten-Steuergerät. Lenken-per-Drehregler des Anhängers, Knickwinkelmessung und Bahnplanung sind nicht verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trailer_backup_assist_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_brake_controller"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02BF",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Interior Lighting Control Module B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Innenlicht-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with interior lighting control module B. Ambient lighting zones, reading lamps and door courtesy lights driven by this node fall back to a default state.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Innenlicht-Steuergerät B. Ambiente-Licht-Zonen, Leselampen und Türeinstiegsleuchten dieses Knotens fallen in einen Default-Zustand zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "interior_lighting_module_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02C0",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Radiator Air Flow Control Module A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur aktiven Kühler-Luftstrom-Steuerung A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with active radiator air flow control module A. Active grille shutters and electric cooling-fan staging on this circuit cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur aktiven Kühler-Luftstrom-Steuerung A. Kühlergrill-Klappen und Lüfter-Staging in diesem Kreis können nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_radiator_airflow_module_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U02C1",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur HV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the hybrid/EV power-electronics coolant pump C. Inverters and DC/DC stages on this loop lose active cooling and may derate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühlmittelpumpe C der HV-Leistungselektronik. Wechselrichter und DC/DC-Stufen in diesem Kreis verlieren die aktive Kühlung und können in Leistungs-Reduktion gehen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0300",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Software Incompatibility",
        "de": "Interne Steuergerät-Software inkompatibel"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its software version is incompatible with another module on the bus. Most often after a partial update, mismatched coding, or fitting a used module from a different vehicle.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Softwareversion mit einem anderen Steuergerät am Bus inkompatibel ist. Tritt am häufigsten nach einem Teil-Update, falscher Codierung oder dem Einbau eines gebrauchten Moduls aus einem anderen Fahrzeug auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software/calibration mismatch between modules",
            "de": "Software-/Kalibrierungs-Mismatch zwischen Steuergeräten"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "used_module_fitted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Used module from different vehicle fitted",
            "de": "Gebrauchtes Modul aus anderem Fahrzeug eingebaut"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incomplete_flash",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incomplete or interrupted module flash",
            "de": "Unvollständiges oder unterbrochenes Modul-Flash"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0301",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with ECM/PCM",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit ECM/PCM"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its software/calibration is incompatible with the engine ECM/PCM. Typically appears after a partial flash, mismatched coding, or fitting a used ECM from a different vehicle.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Software/Kalibrierung mit dem Motor-ECM/PCM inkompatibel ist. Tritt typischerweise nach einem Teil-Flash, falscher Codierung oder dem Einbau eines gebrauchten ECM aus einem anderen Fahrzeug auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software/calibration mismatch with ECM",
            "de": "Software-/Kalibrierungs-Mismatch mit ECM"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "used_module_fitted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Used ECM from different vehicle fitted",
            "de": "Gebrauchtes ECM aus anderem Fahrzeug eingebaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0302",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with TCM",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit TCM"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its software/calibration is incompatible with the transmission control module. Often appears after a TCM swap or partial flash.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Software/Kalibrierung mit dem Getriebesteuergerät inkompatibel ist. Tritt häufig nach einem TCM-Tausch oder Teil-Flash auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software/calibration mismatch with TCM",
            "de": "Software-/Kalibrierungs-Mismatch mit TCM"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "used_module_fitted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Used TCM from different vehicle fitted",
            "de": "Gebrauchtes TCM aus anderem Fahrzeug eingebaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0303",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Transfer Case Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Verteilergetriebe-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its software/calibration is incompatible with the transfer case control module. AWD/4WD modes may not work correctly until matching software is flashed.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Software/Kalibrierung mit dem Verteilergetriebe-Steuergerät inkompatibel ist. AWD-/4WD-Modi funktionieren eventuell nicht korrekt, bis passende Software geflasht wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case_control_module",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software/calibration mismatch with transfer case",
            "de": "Software-/Kalibrierungs-Mismatch mit Verteilergetriebe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "used_module_fitted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Used transfer case module from different vehicle fitted",
            "de": "Gebrauchtes Verteilergetriebe-Modul aus anderem Fahrzeug eingebaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0304",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Transmission Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Getriebesteuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU receives messages from the TCM but their content is implausible (e.g. invalid gear, impossible speed). The transmission may switch to limp-home mode and shift quality is degraded.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung empfängt Botschaften vom TCM, deren Inhalt aber unplausibel ist (z. B. ungültiger Gang, unmögliche Drehzahl). Das Getriebe geht eventuell in den Notlauf, die Schaltqualität verschlechtert sich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcm_software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Austausch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcm_failing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM partially failing",
            "de": "TCM intern teilweise defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0305",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Cruise Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Tempomat-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its software/calibration is incompatible with the cruise control module. Cruise control may be disabled until matching software is flashed.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Software/Kalibrierung mit dem Tempomat-Steuergerät inkompatibel ist. Der Tempomat ist eventuell deaktiviert, bis passende Software geflasht wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_module",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software/calibration mismatch with cruise module",
            "de": "Software-/Kalibrierungs-Mismatch mit Tempomat-Modul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "used_module_fitted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Used cruise module from different vehicle fitted",
            "de": "Gebrauchtes Tempomat-Modul aus anderem Fahrzeug eingebaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0306",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Fuel Injector Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Einspritzdüsen-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The injector driver module identifies itself with a software version that does not match what the engine ECU expects. Engine may not start or runs roughly until both modules are reflashed to compatible versions.",
        "de": "Das Einspritzdüsen-Treibermodul meldet eine Software-Version, die nicht zur Erwartung der Motorsteuerung passt. Der Motor startet nicht oder läuft unrund, bis beide Module auf kompatible Versionen geflasht sind."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "injector_driver_module",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "incomplete_flash",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software flash incomplete or wrong file",
            "de": "Software-Flash unvollständig oder falsche Datei"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0307",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Glow Plug Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Glühkerzen-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The glow plug controller and the engine ECU run incompatible software versions. Cold-start preheating may be inhibited and the glow plug warning lamp can stay on.",
        "de": "Das Glühkerzen-Steuergerät und die Motorsteuerung laufen mit inkompatiblen Software-Versionen. Das Vorglühen kann gesperrt sein, die Vorglühanzeige bleibt eventuell an."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_module",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "flash_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software flash mismatch after parts swap",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Bauteilwechsel"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowplug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0308",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Body Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Bordnetzsteuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The BCM software does not match what other vehicle modules expect. Comfort or lighting features can behave erratically until reflashing or coding is performed.",
        "de": "Die Software des Bordnetzsteuergeräts passt nicht zur Erwartung anderer Steuergeräte. Komfort- oder Lichtfunktionen verhalten sich sporadisch fehlerhaft, bis BCM und andere Module neu geflasht oder codiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module",
        "vehicle_gateway"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "incompatible_flash",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incompatible flash after BCM swap",
            "de": "Inkompatibler Flash nach BCM-Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0309",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Alternative Fuel Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Alternativ-Kraftstoff-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the alternative fuel (CNG/LPG/H2) control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Alternativ-Kraftstoff-Steuergerät (CNG/LPG/H2) — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "alternative_fuel_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U030A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Evaporative Emission System Leak Detection Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem EVAP-Leckerkennungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the EVAP leak detection module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem EVAP-Leckerkennungs-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U030B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Glow Plug Control Module 2",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Glühkerzen-Steuergerät 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with glow plug control module 2 — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Glühkerzen-Steuergerät 2 — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glow_plug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U030C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Reductant Quality Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem AdBlue-Qualitäts-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the reductant quality module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem AdBlue-Qualitäts-Modul — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_quality_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U030D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With NOx Sensor A",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem NOx-Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with NOx sensor A (smart sensor with own ECU) — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem NOx-Sensor A (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät) — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U030E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With NOx Sensor B",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem NOx-Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with NOx sensor B (smart sensor with own ECU) — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem NOx-Sensor B (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät) — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U030F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Reductant Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem AdBlue-Dosier-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the reductant control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem AdBlue-Dosier-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0310",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Fuel Pump Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the fuel pump control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0311",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Drive Motor Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the drive motor control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0312",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Battery Energy Control Module A",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Batterie-Energie-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with battery energy control module A — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Batterie-Energie-Steuergerät A — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_energy_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0313",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Battery Energy Control Module B",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Batterie-Energie-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with battery energy control module B — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Batterie-Energie-Steuergerät B — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_energy_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0314",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Four-Wheel Drive Clutch Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Allrad-Kupplungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the 4WD/AWD clutch control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem 4WD-/AWD-Kupplungs-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0315",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with ABS Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit ABS-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its software/calibration is incompatible with the ABS module. ABS, ESP/ESC and traction control may be disabled until matching software is flashed.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Software/Kalibrierung mit dem ABS-Modul inkompatibel ist. ABS, ESP/ESC und Traktionskontrolle sind eventuell deaktiviert, bis passende Software geflasht wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software/calibration mismatch with ABS",
            "de": "Software-/Kalibrierungs-Mismatch mit ABS"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "used_module_fitted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Used ABS module from different vehicle fitted",
            "de": "Gebrauchtes ABS-Modul aus anderem Fahrzeug eingebaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0316",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Park Brake Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Parkbremsen-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its software version does not match the parking brake module. Most often after replacing the EPB unit with one from a different model year or coding variant.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Software-Version nicht zum Parkbremsen-Modul passt. Meistens nach Tausch der EPB-Einheit gegen eines aus anderem Modelljahr oder anderer Codiervariante."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_module",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epb_software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPB software/calibration mismatch",
            "de": "EPB-Software-/Kalibrierungs-Mismatch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "used_epb_fitted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Used EPB module fitted from different vehicle",
            "de": "Gebrauchtes EPB-Modul aus anderem Fahrzeug verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0317",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Brake System Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Bremssystem-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its software version does not match the ABS/brake system module. Typically after a partial flash or fitting an unmatched ABS unit.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Software-Version nicht zum ABS-/Bremssystem-Modul passt. Typischerweise nach Teil-Flash oder Verbau einer nicht passenden ABS-Einheit."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "abs_software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ABS software/calibration mismatch",
            "de": "ABS-Software-/Kalibrierungs-Mismatch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "used_abs_fitted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Used ABS module fitted from different vehicle",
            "de": "Gebrauchtes ABS-Modul aus anderem Fahrzeug verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0318",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Power Steering Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Lenkungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its software version does not match the electric power steering module. Steering may stay functional but become heavy if the EPS goes into a fallback mode.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Software-Version nicht zum Lenkungs-Steuergerät (EPS) passt. Die Lenkung bleibt eventuell funktionsfähig, wird aber schwergängig, wenn das EPS in einen Notlauf geht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_module",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "eps_software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPS software/calibration mismatch",
            "de": "EPS-Software-/Kalibrierungs-Mismatch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "used_eps_fitted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Used EPS module fitted from different vehicle",
            "de": "Gebrauchtes EPS-Modul aus anderem Fahrzeug verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0319",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Anti-Lock Brake System Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit ABS-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ABS controller advertises a software version not supported by the rest of the vehicle network. ABS, ESP and ASR functions are usually disabled until coding is corrected.",
        "de": "Das ABS-Steuergerät meldet eine Software-Version, die das übrige Fahrzeugnetz nicht unterstützt. ABS, ESP und ASR werden meist deaktiviert, bis die Codierung korrigiert wurde."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong ABS software flashed",
            "de": "Falsche ABS-Software geflasht"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U031A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Transmission Range Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Getriebe-Wahlbereich-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the transmission range control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Getriebe-Wahlbereich-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U031B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With DC/DC Converter Control Module A",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem DC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with DC/DC converter control module A — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem DC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät A — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_dc_converter_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U031C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Brake System Control Module B",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Bremssystem-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with brake system control module B — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Bremssystem-Steuergerät B — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_system_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U031D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Parking Assist Control Module A",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Park-Assistenz-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with parking assist module A — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Park-Assistenz-Steuergerät A — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "parking_assist_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U031E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Parking Assist Control Module B",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Park-Assistenz-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with parking assist module B — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Park-Assistenz-Steuergerät B — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "parking_assist_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U031F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Accessory Protocol Interface Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Accessory-Protocol-Interface-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the accessory protocol interface module (APIM) — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Accessory-Protocol-Interface-Modul (APIM) — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accessory_protocol_interface_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0320",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Power Steering Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Servolenkungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the power steering control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Servolenkungs-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0321",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Suspension Control Module A",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Fahrwerks-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with suspension control module A — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Fahrwerks-Steuergerät A — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "suspension_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0322",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Body Control Module B",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Bordnetzsteuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A second body control module (BCM \"B\") is running software that other modules do not accept. Some comfort and convenience functions stop working until coded correctly.",
        "de": "Ein zweites Bordnetzsteuergerät (\"B\") läuft mit einer Software, die andere Module nicht akzeptieren. Einige Komfort- und Convenience-Funktionen arbeiten nicht, bis die Codierung korrekt ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "incompatible_flash",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incompatible flash after BCM swap",
            "de": "Inkompatibler Flash nach BCM-Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0323",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Instrument Panel Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Kombiinstrument-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the instrument panel control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Kombiinstrument-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "instrument_panel_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_cluster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0324",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with HVAC Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Klimasteuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The HVAC controller is running software incompatible with the rest of the network. Climate functions may default to a basic operating mode.",
        "de": "Das Klimasteuergerät läuft mit einer Software, die zum restlichen Netzwerk nicht passt. Die Klimaregelung fällt eventuell in einen einfachen Notbetrieb zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "incompatible_flash",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incompatible flash after HVAC swap",
            "de": "Inkompatibler Flash nach HVAC-Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0325",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Auxiliary Heater Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Zusatzheizungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The auxiliary heater module is running incompatible software. The pre-heater may not start or aborts operation early.",
        "de": "Das Zusatzheizungs-Modul läuft mit inkompatibler Software. Die Standheizung startet eventuell nicht oder bricht den Betrieb vorzeitig ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "auxiliary_heater"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "incompatible_flash",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incompatible flash version",
            "de": "Inkompatible Flash-Version"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0326",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Vehicle Immobilizer Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Wegfahrsperren-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the vehicle immobilizer control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network. The engine may refuse to start.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Wegfahrsperren-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk. Der Motor kann den Start verweigern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "immobilizer_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0327",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility with Powertrain Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit Antriebsstrang-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its software version does not match the engine/powertrain ECU. Typically after a partial flash, mismatched coding, or fitting a used ECM from a different vehicle.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine Software-Version nicht zum Motor-/Antriebsstrang-Steuergerät passt. Typischerweise nach Teil-Flash, falscher Codierung oder Verbau eines gebrauchten ECM aus anderem Fahrzeug."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM software/calibration mismatch",
            "de": "ECM-Software-/Kalibrierungs-Mismatch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "used_ecm_fitted",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Used ECM fitted from different vehicle",
            "de": "Gebrauchtes ECM aus anderem Fahrzeug verbaut"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0328",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Steering Angle Sensor Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the steering angle sensor module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0329",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Steering Column Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Lenksäulen-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the steering column control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Lenksäulen-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_column_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U032A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With A/C Compressor Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Klimakompressor-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the A/C compressor control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Klimakompressor-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0330",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Tire Pressure Monitor Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Reifendruck-Kontrollsystem-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the tire pressure monitor (TPMS) module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Reifendruck-Kontrollsystem-Modul (TPMS) — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0331",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Body Control Module A",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Karosserie-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with body control module A (BCM) — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Karosserie-Steuergerät A (BCM) — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0332",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Multi-axis Acceleration Sensor Module A",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem mehrachsigen Beschleunigungssensor-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with multi-axis acceleration sensor module A — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem mehrachsigen Beschleunigungssensor-Modul A — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "multi_axis_accel_sensor_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0333",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Gear Shift Control Module B",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Gangwahl-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with gear shift control module B — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Gangwahl-Steuergerät B — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0334",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Radio",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Radio"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the radio/head unit — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Radio/Head-Unit — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radio_head_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0335",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Sensor Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batteriepack-Sensor-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the high-voltage battery pack sensor module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem HV-Batteriepack-Sensor-Modul — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0336",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Restraints Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Rückhaltesystem-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the restraints control module (airbag/SRS) — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Rückhaltesystem-Steuergerät (Airbag/SRS) — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0337",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Battery Charger Control Module A",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Batterielade-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with battery charger control module A — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Batterielade-Steuergerät A — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0338",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Remote Function Actuation Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Funkfernbedienungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the remote function actuation module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Funkfernbedienungs-Modul — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "remote_function_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_keyless_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0339",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Body Control Module B",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Karosserie-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with body control module B (BCM) — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Karosserie-Steuergerät B (BCM) — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U033A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module A",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module A — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul A — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U033B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module B",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module B — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul B — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U033C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module C",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module C — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul C — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U033D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module D",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module D — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul D — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U033E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module E",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module E — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul E — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U033F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module F",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module F — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul F — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0340",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module G",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module G — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul G — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0341",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module H",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module H — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul H — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0342",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module I",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät I"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module I — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul I — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_i"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0343",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module J",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module J — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul J — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_j"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0344",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module K",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module K — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul K — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_k"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0345",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module L",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module L — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul L — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_l"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0346",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module M",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät M"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module M — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul M — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_m"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0347",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module N",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät N"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module N — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul N — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_n"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0348",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module O",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät O"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module O — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul O — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_o"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0349",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module P",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät P"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with hybrid/EV battery interface module P — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul P — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_p"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U034A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Engine Disconnect Clutch",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit der Motor-Trennkupplungs-Steuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the hybrid engine disconnect clutch actuator — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit der Hybrid-Trennkupplungs-Steuerung — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U034B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Brake Booster Control",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit der Bremskraftverstärker-Steuerung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the brake booster control module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit der Bremskraftverstärker-Steuerung — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_booster_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U034C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Battery Energy Control Module C",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Batterie-Energie-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with battery energy control module C — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Batterie-Energie-Steuergerät C — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_energy_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U034D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Vehicle Thermal Management Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Fahrzeug-Thermomanagement-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the vehicle thermal management module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Fahrzeug-Thermomanagement-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermal_management_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U034E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Active Grille Air Shutter Module A",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit der aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with active grille shutter module A — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit der aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung A — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U034F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Active Grille Air Shutter Module B",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit der aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with active grille shutter module B — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit der aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung B — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0350",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Active Grille Air Shutter Module C",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit der aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with active grille shutter module C — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit der aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung C — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0351",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Active Grille Air Shutter Module D",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit der aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with active grille shutter module D — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit der aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuerung D — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0352",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With NOx Sensor C",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem NOx-Sensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with NOx sensor C (smart sensor with own ECU) — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem NOx-Sensor C (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät) — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0353",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Ion Sense Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem Ionenstrom-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the ion sense module (used for misfire/knock detection via ionisation current at the spark plug) — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem Ionenstrom-Modul (Misfire-/Klopf-Erkennung über Zündkerzen-Ionisationsstrom) — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0354",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Software Incompatibility With Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charger Control Module",
        "de": "Software-Inkompatibilität mit dem induktiven HV-Batterie-Lade-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A module reports a software version mismatch with the inductive (wireless) HV battery charger module — typically after replacing one of the modules without programming the new unit to match the rest of the network.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet einen Software-Versionskonflikt mit dem induktiven HV-Batterie-Lade-Steuergerät — meist nach Tausch eines Moduls ohne Anpassung der Software an das übrige Netzwerk."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "inductive_charger_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch_after_replacement",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module replaced without programming",
            "de": "Modul getauscht ohne Programmierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "incorrect_part_number",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wrong part number for the vehicle",
            "de": "Falsche Teilenummer für das Fahrzeug"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0400",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A controller flags that the data received over the bus is implausible without identifying a specific source. Used as a generic placeholder when the more specific U04xx codes do not apply.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet, dass die über den Bus empfangenen Daten unplausibel sind, ohne eine konkrete Quelle zu identifizieren. Wird als allgemeiner Platzhalter verwendet, wenn die spezifischeren U04xx-Codes nicht greifen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus_wiring",
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "marginal_signal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Marginal signal on bus",
            "de": "Grenzwertiges Signal auf dem Bus"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012",
        "iso:11898"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0401",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from ECM/PCM",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom ECM/PCM empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "ecm_software_bug",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM software bug or outdated calibration",
            "de": "ECM-Softwarefehler oder veraltete Kalibrierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ecm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM internal sensor or processing fault",
            "de": "Interner ECM-Sensor- oder Verarbeitungsfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0402",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from TCM",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom TCM empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the transmission control module but receives implausible data — wrong checksum, frozen value, or out-of-range value. Often results in transmission limp-home.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Getriebesteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb des Bereichs. Führt oft zum Getriebenotlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tcm_software_bug",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM software bug or outdated calibration",
            "de": "TCM-Softwarefehler oder veraltete Kalibrierung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tcm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TCM internal sensor or processing fault",
            "de": "Interner TCM-Sensor- oder Verarbeitungsfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0403",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Transfer Case Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Verteilergetriebe-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transfer_case_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tccm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Transfer case internal sensor or processing fault",
            "de": "Interner Sensor- oder Verarbeitungsfehler im Verteilergetriebe"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0404",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Gear Shift Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Schaltmodul empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "shift_module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Shift module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Schaltmodul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0405",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Cruise Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Tempomat-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cruise_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cruise_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Cruise module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Tempomat-Modul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0406",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Cruise Control Front Distance Range Sensor",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom ACC-Frontradar empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ACC receives bus messages from the radar but their content is implausible (e.g. negative distances, jittering targets). Adaptive cruise is disabled until the radar reports plausible data again.",
        "de": "Der ACC empfängt Botschaften vom Radar, deren Inhalt aber unplausibel ist (z. B. negative Abstände, springende Ziele). Der Abstandsregeltempomat wird deaktiviert, bis das Radar wieder plausible Daten liefert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "acc_radar"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "radar_obstructed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radar obstructed by snow/dirt",
            "de": "Radar durch Schnee/Schmutz verdeckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "radar_misalignment",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Radar misaligned after collision",
            "de": "Radar nach Unfall dejustiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0407",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Steering Angle Sensor Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lenkwinkelsensor empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ESP receives steering angle data that does not match yaw or wheel speeds. ESP and lane-keeping are deactivated until the steering angle sensor is recalibrated.",
        "de": "Das ESP empfängt Lenkwinkeldaten, die nicht zu Gierrate und Raddrehzahlen passen. ESP und Spurhalteassistent werden deaktiviert, bis der Lenkwinkelsensor neu kalibriert ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_uncalibrated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor not calibrated after alignment",
            "de": "Sensor nach Achsvermessung nicht kalibriert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.2,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0408",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Vehicle Immobilizer Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Wegfahrsperren-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU receives an authorisation message from the immobilizer that does not match the expected rolling code. Engine start is blocked.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung empfängt vom Wegfahrsperren-Steuergerät eine Freigabe-Botschaft, die nicht zum erwarteten Rolling-Code passt. Der Motorstart wird blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "immobilizer_module",
        "engine_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "key_not_learned",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Key not properly learned",
            "de": "Schlüssel nicht korrekt angelernt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "immo_software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0409",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Vehicle Security Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fahrzeug-Sicherheitssteuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle security / alarm controller is sending implausible status data (e.g. armed/unarmed jitter). Alarm and immobilizer behaviour can become unpredictable.",
        "de": "Das Sicherheits-/Alarmsteuergerät sendet unplausible Statusdaten (z. B. springender Scharf-/Unscharf-Zustand). Alarm und Wegfahrsperre verhalten sich eventuell unvorhersehbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_security_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "security_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Security module internally failed",
            "de": "Sicherheitsmodul intern defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_anti-theft_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U040A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Air Conditioning Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Klima-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the A/C control module. Compressor enable, blower or refrigerant pressure values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Klima-Steuergerät. Kompressor-Freigabe, Gebläse oder Kältemitteldrücke bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U040B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Exhaust Gas Recirculation Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom AGR-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from EGR control module A. Valve position, flow or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom AGR-Steuergerät A. Ventilposition, Massenstrom oder Temperaturen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U040C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Exhaust Gas Recirculation Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom AGR-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from EGR control module B. Valve position, flow or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom AGR-Steuergerät B. Ventilposition, Massenstrom oder Temperaturen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U040D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Turbocharger/Supercharger Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Turbolader-/Kompressor-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from boost control module A. Wastegate/VTG position or boost pressure values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Ladedruck-Steuergerät A. Wastegate-/VTG-Position oder Ladedruck bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U040E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Turbocharger/Supercharger Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Turbolader-/Kompressor-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from boost control module B. Wastegate/VTG position or boost pressure values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Ladedruck-Steuergerät B. Wastegate-/VTG-Position oder Ladedruck bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U040F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Reductant Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom AdBlue-Dosier-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the reductant control module. Dosing rate, tank level or pressure values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom AdBlue-Dosier-Steuergerät. Dosier-Rate, Tankfüllstand oder Druck bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0410",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Parking Brake Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Feststellbremsen-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle network receives EPB data that contradicts other inputs (e.g. brake reported applied while moving). Auto-Hold is disabled and EPB warnings are shown.",
        "de": "Das Fahrzeugnetz empfängt EPB-Daten, die anderen Signalen widersprechen (z. B. Bremse gemeldet eingelegt bei Fahrt). Auto-Hold wird deaktiviert, EPB-Warnungen werden angezeigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "epb_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epb_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Caliper or position sensor drift",
            "de": "Sattel- oder Positionssensor-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_parking_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0411",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Wheel Speed Sensor (Front, Driver Side)",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Raddrehzahlsensor vorne links empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS reports invalid front-driver wheel speed data. ABS, ESP and traction control are deactivated; the speedometer can be inaccurate.",
        "de": "Das ABS meldet ungültige Raddrehzahldaten vorne links. ABS, ESP und ASR werden deaktiviert, der Tacho kann ungenau sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fl"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_air_gap",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive air gap or contaminated tone ring",
            "de": "Zu großer Luftspalt oder verschmutzter Impulsring"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0412",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Wheel Speed Sensor (Front, Passenger Side)",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Raddrehzahlsensor vorne rechts empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS receives invalid front-passenger wheel speed data. ABS/ESP are deactivated until the signal becomes plausible again.",
        "de": "Das ABS empfängt ungültige Raddrehzahldaten vorne rechts. ABS/ESP werden deaktiviert, bis das Signal wieder plausibel ist."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_fr"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_air_gap",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive air gap or contaminated tone ring",
            "de": "Zu großer Luftspalt oder verschmutzter Impulsring"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0413",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Wheel Speed Sensor (Rear, Driver Side)",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Raddrehzahlsensor hinten links empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "ABS receives implausible rear-driver wheel speed data. ESP and traction control are deactivated.",
        "de": "Das ABS empfängt unplausible Raddrehzahldaten hinten links. ESP und ASR werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wheel_speed_sensor_rl"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_air_gap",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Excessive air gap or contaminated tone ring",
            "de": "Zu großer Luftspalt oder verschmutzter Impulsring"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          250
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0414",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from 4WD Clutch Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom 4WD-Kupplungs-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_clutch_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "awd_clutch_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "AWD clutch internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler in der AWD-Kupplung"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0415",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from ABS Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom ABS-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the ABS module but receives implausible data — wrong wheel speeds, checksum errors or out-of-range values. ESP/ESC and traction control deactivate and adaptive cruise control becomes unavailable.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem ABS-Modul, empfängt aber unplausible Daten — falsche Raddrehzahlen, Checksummen-Fehler oder Werte außerhalb des Bereichs. ESP/ESC und Traktionskontrolle werden deaktiviert und der adaptive Tempomat ist nicht mehr verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "wheel_speed_sensor",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "abs_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ABS internal sensor or processing fault",
            "de": "Interner ABS-Sensor- oder Verarbeitungsfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_sensor_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel speed sensor fault feeding ABS",
            "de": "Raddrehzahlsensor-Fehler im ABS"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_software_bug",
          "likelihood": "low",
          "label": {
            "en": "ABS software bug or outdated calibration",
            "de": "ABS-Softwarefehler oder veraltete Kalibrierung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0416",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Vehicle Dynamics Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fahrdynamik-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_dynamics_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vdc_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Vehicle dynamics internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler in der Fahrdynamik"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0417",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Park Assist Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Parkassistenten empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The park assist controller is sending implausible distance or steering data. Park Assist functions are disabled.",
        "de": "Das Park-Assistenz-Steuergerät sendet unplausible Abstands- oder Lenkdaten. Park-Assist-Funktionen werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_assist_module",
        "parking_sensors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_water",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Water in sensor connectors",
            "de": "Wasser in Sensorsteckern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_assist"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0418",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Brake System Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bremssystem-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_system_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "brake_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Brake module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Brems-Modul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0419",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Brake System Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bremssystem-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wheel_speed_implausible",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wheel-speed sensor data implausible",
            "de": "Raddrehzahl-Sensordaten unplausibel"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "abs_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "ABS internal computation fault",
            "de": "Interner Rechenfehler im ABS"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U041A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Battery Isolation/Voltage Stabilization Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Batterietrenn-/Spannungsstabilisierungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the battery isolation / voltage stabilization module (typical in start/stop systems). Switching state or stabilizer voltage values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Batterietrenn-/Spannungsstabilisierungs-Steuergerät (typisch in Start/Stop-Systemen). Schaltzustand oder Stabilisator-Spannung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_isolation_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U041B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Exhaust Gas Sensor Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Abgassensor-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from exhaust gas sensor module A (smart wide-range O2 / lambda module). Lambda or pumping current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Abgassensor-Modul A (smarter Breitband-O2-/Lambda-Sensor). Lambda- oder Pumpstromwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_sensor_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U041C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Rocker Arm Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Kipphebel-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from rocker arm actuator module A (variable valve lift / cylinder deactivation). Position or pressure feedback fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Kipphebel-Aktor-Modul A (variabler Ventilhub / Zylinderabschaltung). Position oder Druckrückmeldung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U041D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Rocker Arm Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Kipphebel-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from rocker arm actuator module B (variable valve lift / cylinder deactivation). Position or pressure feedback fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Kipphebel-Aktor-Modul B (variabler Ventilhub / Zylinderabschaltung). Position oder Druckrückmeldung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rocker_arm_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_lift"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U041E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From All Wheel Drive Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Allrad-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the AWD control module. Torque distribution or clutch position values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Allrad-Steuergerät. Drehmoment-Verteilung oder Kupplungsposition bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U041F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Throttle Actuator B Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Drosselklappen-Aktor-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from throttle actuator B control module. Position commanded vs. actual or motor current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Drosselklappen-Aktor-Steuergerät B. Sollposition vs. Istposition oder Motorstrom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_actuator_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0420",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Power Steering Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Servolenkungs-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "eps_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPS module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im EPS-Modul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0421",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Drosselklappen-/Pedalwertgeber empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU receives implausible accelerator pedal or throttle data over the bus. The engine drops to limp-mode with reduced power.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung empfängt unplausible Werte des Gas-/Drosselklappenpotis über den Bus. Der Motor geht in den Notlauf mit reduzierter Leistung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_sensor",
        "throttle_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "pedal_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pedal sensor partially failed",
            "de": "Pedalsensor teilweise defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0422",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Body Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bordnetzsteuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bcm_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BCM internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im BCM"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0423",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Information Center",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Informations-Center empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "information_display_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "head_unit_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Head unit internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler in der Head-Unit"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0424",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from HVAC Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Klima-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvac_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "hvac_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "HVAC module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Klima-Modul"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0425",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Vehicle Immobilizer Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Wegfahrsperren-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The ECU receives an authorisation message from the immobilizer that is corrupted or out of range. Engine start is blocked.",
        "de": "Die Motorsteuerung erhält eine Freigabe-Botschaft der Wegfahrsperre, die beschädigt oder außerhalb des gültigen Wertebereichs ist. Der Motorstart wird blockiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "immobilizer_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rolling_code_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Rolling code out of sync",
            "de": "Rolling-Code nicht synchron"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          700
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0426",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Vehicle Immobiliser Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Wegfahrsperren-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "immobiliser_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "immo_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Immobiliser internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler in der Wegfahrsperre"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "can_corruption",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "CAN corruption causing checksum errors",
            "de": "CAN-Korruption mit Checksummen-Fehlern"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0427",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Vehicle Security Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fahrzeug-Sicherheitssteuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle security controller delivers data that does not pass plausibility checks. Alarm system or remote unlocking can behave erratically.",
        "de": "Das Sicherheitssteuergerät liefert Daten, die die Plausibilitätsprüfung nicht bestehen. Alarmanlage oder Fernentriegelung verhalten sich eventuell sporadisch fehlerhaft."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_security_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "security_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Security module failed",
            "de": "Sicherheitsmodul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_anti-theft_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0428",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Steering Angle Sensor Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lenkwinkelsensor-Modul empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_module",
        "steering_angle_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "steering_torque_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering torque sensor drift",
            "de": "Lenkmomentsensor-Drift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "eps_calibration_lost",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPS calibration lost (after battery disconnect or alignment)",
            "de": "EPS-Kalibrierung verloren (nach Batterie-Abklemmen oder Achsvermessung)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0429",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Steering Wheel Angle Sensor",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lenkwinkelsensor empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "steering_angle_sensor",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "angle_sensor_uncalibrated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle sensor not calibrated",
            "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor nicht kalibriert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "angle_sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Steering angle sensor failed",
            "de": "Lenkwinkelsensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U042A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From V2X Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom V2X-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication module. Position, V2V/V2I message content or signal-quality flags fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom V2X-Kommunikations-Modul (Vehicle-to-Everything). Position, V2V/V2I-Nachrichteninhalt oder Signalqualitäts-Flags bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "v2x_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicular_communication_systems"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U042B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Chassis Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fahrwerks-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from chassis control module A. Vehicle dynamics, ride-height or damper command values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fahrwerks-Steuergerät A. Fahrdynamik, Niveau oder Dämpfer-Sollwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U042C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Chassis Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fahrwerks-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from chassis control module B. Vehicle dynamics, ride-height or damper command values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fahrwerks-Steuergerät B. Fahrdynamik, Niveau oder Dämpfer-Sollwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "chassis_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U042D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Active Vibration Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom aktiven Vibrationsdämpfungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the active vibration control module (active engine mounts / electric counter-vibration). Command vs. actual values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom aktiven Vibrationsdämpfungs-Steuergerät (aktive Motorlager / elektrische Gegenschwingung). Soll- vs. Ist-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_vibration_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_engine_mount"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U042E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Generator A Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Generator-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from generator (alternator) control module A. Field excitation, output current or voltage values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Generator-(Lichtmaschinen-)Steuergerät A. Erregerstrom, Ausgangsstrom oder Spannung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U042F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Camshaft Position Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Nockenwellenposition-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the camshaft position actuator module. Phase angle command vs. actual values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Nockenwellen-Versteller-Modul. Phasenwinkel Soll vs. Ist bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "camshaft_position_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_valve_timing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0430",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Reifendruckkontroll-Sensor empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tpms_module",
        "tpms_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "tpms_sensor_battery_dead",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPMS sensor battery dead",
            "de": "TPMS-Sensor-Batterie leer"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "tpms_relearn_needed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "TPMS relearn needed after wheel swap",
            "de": "TPMS-Anlernung nach Radwechsel erforderlich"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire-pressure_monitoring_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0431",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Body Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bordnetzsteuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Other modules receive implausible body status data (e.g. all doors reported closed while ajar). Comfort and lighting features can behave inconsistently.",
        "de": "Andere Steuergeräte empfangen unplausible Karosserie-Statusdaten (z. B. alle Türen geschlossen gemeldet, obwohl offen). Komfort- und Lichtfunktionen verhalten sich uneinheitlich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bcm_software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "BCM software version mismatch",
            "de": "BCM-Software-Versionskonflikt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0432",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from 4-Wheel Drive Clutch Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom 4WD-Kupplungs-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The 4WD coupling controller delivers implausible torque or temperature data. AWD operation is degraded; on many vehicles the driveline warning lamp illuminates.",
        "de": "Das 4WD-Kupplungs-Steuergerät liefert unplausible Drehmoment- oder Temperaturdaten. Der AWD-Betrieb wird eingeschränkt, bei vielen Fahrzeugen leuchtet die Antriebs-Warnlampe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "awd_coupling_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oil_overheated",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Coupling oil overheated",
            "de": "Kupplungsöl überhitzt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0433",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Front Distance Range Sensor — Single Sensor or Center",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom vorderen Abstandssensor — Einzelsensor oder mittig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the front distance range sensor (single or center-mounted long-range radar/lidar). Distance/closing-speed values fail plausibility checks and are rejected by ACC/AEB.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom vorderen Abstandssensor (Einzel- oder mittig montierter Long-Range-Radar/Lidar). Abstand/Geschwindigkeit bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden von ACC/AEB verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_distance_sensor_center"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0434",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Active Roll Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom aktiven Wankregelungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the active roll control module (active anti-roll bars). Hydraulic/electric actuator command vs. actual values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom aktiven Wankregelungs-Steuergerät (aktive Stabilisatoren). Hydraulische/elektrische Aktor-Sollwerte vs. Ist bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_roll_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0435",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Power Steering Control Module — Rear",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Servolenkungs-Steuergerät hinten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the rear power steering control module (rear-wheel steering). Steer angle command vs. actual values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Servolenkungs-Steuergerät (Hinterachslenkung). Lenkwinkel Soll vs. Ist bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_power_steering_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0436",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Differential Control Module — Front",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom vorderen Differential-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the front differential control module (electronic LSD or torque vectoring). Clutch/torque command vs. actual values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom vorderen Differential-Steuergerät (elektronisches LSD oder Torque-Vectoring). Kupplungs-/Momentanforderung vs. Ist bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_differential_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited-slip_differential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0437",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Differential Control Module — Rear",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Differential-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the rear differential control module (electronic LSD or torque vectoring). Clutch/torque command vs. actual values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Differential-Steuergerät (elektronisches LSD oder Torque-Vectoring). Kupplungs-/Momentanforderung vs. Ist bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_differential_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited-slip_differential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0438",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Park Brake Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Parkbremsen-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_brake_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "epb_actuator_marginal",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPB actuator/motor marginal",
            "de": "EPB-Aktuator/Motor grenzwertig"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "epb_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "EPB internal computation fault",
            "de": "Interner Rechenfehler im EPB"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0439",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From All Terrain Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Gelände-Modus-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the all-terrain (drive mode) control module. Selected mode, throttle map or stability target values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Gelände-Modus-Steuergerät. Gewählter Modus, Gaspedal-Kennfeld oder Stabilitäts-Ziel bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "all_terrain_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-road_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U043A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Suspension Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fahrwerks-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from suspension control module B. Damper command, ride-height or air-pressure values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fahrwerks-Steuergerät B. Dämpfer-Sollwerte, Niveau oder Luftdruck bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "suspension_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_suspension"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U043B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Front Distance Range Sensor — Left",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom vorderen Abstandssensor links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the front-left distance range sensor (corner radar). Distance/azimuth values fail plausibility checks and are rejected by ADAS functions.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom vorderen linken Abstandssensor (Eck-Radar). Abstand-/Azimut-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden von ADAS-Funktionen verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_distance_sensor_left"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U043C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Front Distance Range Sensor — Right",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom vorderen Abstandssensor rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the front-right distance range sensor (corner radar). Distance/azimuth values fail plausibility checks and are rejected by ADAS functions.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom vorderen rechten Abstandssensor (Eck-Radar). Abstand-/Azimut-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden von ADAS-Funktionen verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_distance_sensor_right"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U043D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Accelerator Pedal Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Gaspedal-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the accelerator pedal module. Pedal position channels A and B disagree or fall outside calibration limits, and the engine reverts to a fail-safe pedal map.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Gaspedal-Modul. Pedalpositionskanäle A und B widersprechen sich oder liegen außerhalb der Kalibrierung; der Motor wechselt auf eine Notlauf-Pedalkennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accelerator_pedal_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U043E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Vacuum Sensor A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Vakuumsensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from vacuum sensor A (typically brake booster vacuum). Pressure values fail plausibility checks against engine load and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Vakuumsensor A (meist Bremskraftverstärker-Vakuum). Druckwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Motorlast nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_servo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U043F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Vacuum Sensor B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Vakuumsensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from vacuum sensor B (typically brake booster vacuum). Pressure values fail plausibility checks against engine load and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Vakuumsensor B (meist Bremskraftverstärker-Vakuum). Druckwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Motorlast nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vacuum_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_servo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0440",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Drive Motor Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_control_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "drive_motor_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive motor resolver/sensor drift",
            "de": "Antriebsmotor-Resolver/Sensor-Drift"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "drive_motor_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Drive motor module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Antriebsmotor-Modul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0441",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Emissions Critical Control Information",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten in emissions-kritischen Steuerinformationen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data tagged as emissions-critical (CARB OBD requirement). The receiver discards the message and may set the MIL because emissions monitors cannot run.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten, die als emissions-kritisch markiert sind (CARB-OBD-Anforderung). Die Nachricht wird verworfen und die MIL kann gesetzt werden, weil Emissions-Monitore nicht laufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0442",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From ECM/PCM B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom ECM/PCM B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the second engine/powertrain control module (ECM/PCM B — used on V-engines with one ECU per bank or master/slave architectures). Engine torque, RPM or load values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom zweiten Motor-/Antriebsstrang-Steuergerät (ECM/PCM B — bei V-Motoren mit einem Steuergerät pro Bank oder Master/Slave-Architektur). Drehmoment, Drehzahl oder Last bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ecm_pcm_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0443",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Body Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Karosserie-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from body control module B. BCM-relayed signals (door/lock/lighting state, ignition, theft) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Karosserie-Steuergerät B. Vom BCM weitergereichte Signale (Türen, Verriegelung, Licht, Zündung, Diebstahlschutz) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0444",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Body Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Karosserie-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from body control module C. BCM-relayed signals (door/lock/lighting state, ignition, theft) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Karosserie-Steuergerät C. Vom BCM weitergereichte Signale (Türen, Verriegelung, Licht, Zündung, Diebstahlschutz) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0445",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Body Control Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Karosserie-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from body control module D. BCM-relayed signals (door/lock/lighting state, ignition, theft) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Karosserie-Steuergerät D. Vom BCM weitergereichte Signale (Türen, Verriegelung, Licht, Zündung, Diebstahlschutz) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0446",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Body Control Module E",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Karosserie-Steuergerät E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from body control module E. BCM-relayed signals (door/lock/lighting state, ignition, theft) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Karosserie-Steuergerät E. Vom BCM weitergereichte Signale (Türen, Verriegelung, Licht, Zündung, Diebstahlschutz) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "body_control_module_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0447",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Gateway A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Gateway A empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A subscriber module reports that the central gateway is forwarding implausible or malformed messages. Multiple modules can show seemingly unrelated faults until the gateway is repaired or reflashed.",
        "de": "Ein Teilnehmer meldet, dass das zentrale Gateway unplausible oder fehlerhaft formatierte Botschaften weiterleitet. Mehrere Steuergeräte zeigen scheinbar zusammenhanglose Fehler, bis das Gateway repariert oder neu programmiert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_gateway",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gateway_software",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gateway software corrupted",
            "de": "Gateway-Software beschädigt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "gateway_failing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gateway internally failing",
            "de": "Gateway intern teilweise defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway_(telecommunications)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0448",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Gateway B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Gateway B empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A second gateway component (or sub-gateway) is forwarding implausible data. Cross-segment functions misbehave until the affected gateway is reset or reflashed.",
        "de": "Eine zweite Gateway-Komponente (oder Sub-Gateway) leitet unplausible Daten weiter. Segmentübergreifende Funktionen arbeiten fehlerhaft, bis das Gateway zurückgesetzt oder neu geflasht wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_gateway"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gateway_failing",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Gateway internally failing",
            "de": "Gateway intern teilweise defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway_(telecommunications)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0449",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Serial Data Gateway Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bus-Gateway-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from serial data gateway C. Bridged messages between sub-buses (CAN/LIN/FlexRay/Ethernet) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bus-Gateway C. Übertragene Nachrichten zwischen Subnetzen (CAN/LIN/FlexRay/Ethernet) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gateway_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U044A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Serial Data Gateway Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bus-Gateway-Modul D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from serial data gateway D. Bridged messages between sub-buses (CAN/LIN/FlexRay/Ethernet) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bus-Gateway D. Übertragene Nachrichten zwischen Subnetzen (CAN/LIN/FlexRay/Ethernet) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gateway_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U044B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Battery Energy Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Batterie-Energie-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from battery energy control module C. SoC, SoH, current or voltage values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Batterie-Energie-Steuergerät C. SoC, SoH, Strom oder Spannung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_energy_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U044C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Inductive Charging Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom induktiven HV-Batterie-Lade-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the inductive (wireless) HV battery charging module. Coil power, alignment or temperature values fail plausibility checks and are rejected, halting the wireless charge session.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom induktiven (drahtlosen) HV-Batterie-Lade-Modul. Spulen-Leistung, Ausrichtung oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen — die kabellose Ladesitzung wird abgebrochen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "inductive_charger_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U044D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Generator B Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Generator-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from generator (alternator) control module B. Field excitation, output current or voltage values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Generator-(Lichtmaschinen-)Steuergerät B. Erregerstrom, Ausgangsstrom oder Spannung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "generator_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U044F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Mirror Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Spiegel-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from mirror control module B. Mirror position, fold/unfold state or heating values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Spiegel-Steuergerät B. Spiegelposition, Anklapp-Status oder Heizwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_control_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0451",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Serial Data Gateway Module E",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bus-Gateway-Modul E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from serial data gateway E. Bridged messages between sub-buses (CAN/LIN/FlexRay/Ethernet) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bus-Gateway E. Übertragene Nachrichten zwischen Subnetzen (CAN/LIN/FlexRay/Ethernet) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gateway_module_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0452",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the restraints control module (airbag/SRS). Crash sensor or seat-belt status data fails plausibility checks and is rejected; airbag deployment thresholds may revert to a default map.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Steuergerät (Airbag/SRS). Crashsensor- oder Gurt-Status-Daten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Airbag-Auslöseschwellen können auf eine Default-Kennlinie zurückfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0453",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Side Restraints Control Module — Left",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom seitlichen Rückhaltesystem-Steuergerät links"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the left side restraints control module (side airbag/curtain controller). Side-impact sensor data fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom linken seitlichen Rückhaltesystem-Steuergerät (Seiten-/Vorhang-Airbag-Controller). Seitenaufprall-Sensordaten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_restraints_module_left"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0454",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Side Restraints Control Module — Right",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom seitlichen Rückhaltesystem-Steuergerät rechts"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the right side restraints control module (side airbag/curtain controller). Side-impact sensor data fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom rechten seitlichen Rückhaltesystem-Steuergerät (Seiten-/Vorhang-Airbag-Controller). Seitenaufprall-Sensordaten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_restraints_module_right"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0455",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints Occupant Classification System Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Insassen-Klassifizierungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the restraints occupant classification system (OCS) module. Seat-weight or pressure-mat values fail plausibility checks; passenger airbag enable/disable may default to enabled with the warning lamp on.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Insassen-Klassifizierungs-Modul (OCS). Sitzgewicht oder Druckmatten-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht; Beifahrer-Airbag-Freigabe fällt meist auf \"aktiviert\" mit eingeschalteter Warnleuchte zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "occupant_classification_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0456",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Coolant Temperature Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Kühlmitteltemperatur-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the coolant temperature (electric thermostat) control module. Temperature setpoint vs. actual values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Kühlmitteltemperatur-Steuergerät (elektrisches Thermostat). Temperatur Soll vs. Ist bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_temperature_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0457",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Information Center A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Informationszentrum A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the driver information center A (instrument cluster information area). Display state or warning indicator data fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fahrer-Informationszentrum A (Info-Bereich des Kombiinstruments). Display-Status oder Warnindikator-Daten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "information_center_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_cluster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0458",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Information Center B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Informationszentrum B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the driver information center B (instrument cluster information area). Display state or warning indicator data fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fahrer-Informationszentrum B (Info-Bereich des Kombiinstruments). Display-Status oder Warnindikator-Daten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "information_center_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_cluster"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0459",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Head Up Display",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Head-up-Display"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the head-up display (HUD). Projected speed, navigation arrows or warnings cannot be drawn correctly and may be hidden until the data clears.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Head-up-Display (HUD). Projizierte Geschwindigkeit, Navigationspfeile oder Warnungen können nicht korrekt dargestellt werden und bleiben ausgeblendet, bis die Daten wieder plausibel sind."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "head_up_display"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-up_display"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U045A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Parking Assist Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Park-Assistenz-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from parking assist module A. Ultrasonic distance values or trajectory commands fail plausibility checks and are rejected, suspending automated parking.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Park-Assistenz-Steuergerät A. Ultraschall-Abstandswerte oder Bahn-Kommandos bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen — automatisiertes Einparken wird ausgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "parking_assist_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U045B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom ABS-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from ABS control module B (typically secondary brake controller in twin-system architectures). Wheel-speed, slip or pressure values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom ABS-Steuergerät B (meist sekundärer Bremscontroller in Doppelarchitekturen). Raddrehzahl, Schlupf oder Druck bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "abs_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U045C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Power Steering Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Servolenkungs-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from power steering control module B. Steer-assist torque or motor current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; assist may reduce or fail to a fail-safe map.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Servolenkungs-Steuergerät B. Lenk-Unterstützungs-Moment oder Motorstrom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Unterstützung wird reduziert oder fällt in ein Notlauf-Kennfeld zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "power_steering_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U045D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Automated Driving System Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Automatisierten-Fahren-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from automated driving system (ADS) control module A. Trajectory plan, perception fusion or actuator commands fail plausibility checks and are rejected; automated mode degrades or hands back to the driver.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Automatisierten-Fahren-Steuergerät A (ADS). Bahnplan, Wahrnehmungs-Fusion oder Aktor-Kommandos bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; der automatisierte Modus wird heruntergestuft oder an den Fahrer übergeben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ads_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-driving_car"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U045E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Automated Driving System Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Automatisierten-Fahren-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from automated driving system (ADS) control module B. Trajectory plan, perception fusion or actuator commands fail plausibility checks and are rejected; automated mode degrades or hands back to the driver.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Automatisierten-Fahren-Steuergerät B (ADS). Bahnplan, Wahrnehmungs-Fusion oder Aktor-Kommandos bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; der automatisierte Modus wird heruntergestuft oder an den Fahrer übergeben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ads_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-driving_car"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U045F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Automated Driving System Interface Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom ADS-Interface-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the automated driving system interface module A (HMI/handover gateway between ADS and conventional vehicle systems). Status flags or take-over requests fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom ADS-Interface-Modul A (HMI-/Übergabe-Gateway zwischen ADS und konventionellen Fahrzeugsystemen). Status-Flags oder Übernahme-Aufforderungen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ads_interface_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-driving_car"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0460",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Automated Driving System Interface Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom ADS-Interface-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the automated driving system interface module B (HMI/handover gateway between ADS and conventional vehicle systems). Status flags or take-over requests fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom ADS-Interface-Modul B (HMI-/Übergabe-Gateway zwischen ADS und konventionellen Fahrzeugsystemen). Status-Flags oder Übernahme-Aufforderungen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ads_interface_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-driving_car"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0461",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Audible Alert Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Akustik-Warn-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the audible alert control module (chimes, AVAS pedestrian alert, warning tones). Tone request or volume values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Akustik-Warn-Steuergerät (Gongs, AVAS-Fußgängerwarnton, Warntöne). Ton-Anforderung oder Lautstärke bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "audible_alert_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_vehicle_alerting_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0462",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Compass Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Kompass-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the digital compass module. Heading values fail plausibility checks against GPS heading and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Digitalkompass-Modul. Richtungswerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen GPS-Heading nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "compass_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0463",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Navigation Display Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Navigations-Display-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the navigation display module. Map view, route or POI data fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Navigations-Display-Modul. Kartenansicht, Route oder POI-Daten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "navigation_display_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0464",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Navigation Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Navigations-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the navigation control module. Position, route or guidance data fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Navigations-Steuergerät. Position, Route oder Führungsdaten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "navigation_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0465",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From PTO Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Nebenabtrieb-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the power take-off (PTO) control module. Engagement state, output speed or torque values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Nebenabtrieb-Steuergerät (PTO). Eingriff-Status, Abtriebsdrehzahl oder Moment bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pto_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0466",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From HVAC Control Module — Rear",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Klima-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the rear HVAC control module. Temperature setpoint, blower or vent values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Klima-Steuergerät. Temperatur-Sollwert, Gebläse oder Düsenstellung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_hvac_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0467",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Fuel Additive Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Kraftstoff-Additiv-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the fuel additive control module (typically cerium-based DPF additive on Eolys/PSA systems). Tank level or dosing values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Kraftstoff-Additiv-Steuergerät (meist Cer-basiertes DPF-Additiv an Eolys-/PSA-Systemen). Tankfüllstand oder Dosierwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_additive_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0468",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Fuel Cell Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Brennstoffzellen-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the fuel cell control module (FCEV stack manager). Stack voltage, current or hydrogen flow values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Brennstoffzellen-Steuergerät (FCEV-Stack-Manager). Stack-Spannung, Strom oder Wasserstofffluss bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_cell_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          500,
          5000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0469",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Starter / Generator Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Starter-Generator-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the integrated starter-generator (ISG/BSG) control module. Torque, speed or current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Starter-Generator-Steuergerät (ISG/BSG). Drehmoment, Drehzahl oder Strom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "starter_generator_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mild_hybrid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U046A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Sunroof Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Schiebedach-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the sunroof control module. Position or anti-pinch sensor values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Schiebedach-Steuergerät. Position oder Einklemmschutz-Sensor bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "sunroof_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunroof"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U046B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Global Positioning System Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom GPS-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the GPS receiver module. Position, time or satellite-quality values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom GPS-Empfänger-Modul. Position, Zeit oder Satelliten-Qualität bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gps_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U046C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From A/C Compressor Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Klimakompressor-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the A/C compressor control module (typically the inverter for an electric scroll compressor). Speed or torque values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Klimakompressor-Steuergerät (meist Wechselrichter eines elektrischen Scroll-Kompressors). Drehzahl oder Moment bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_compressor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U046D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Fuel Pump Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from fuel pump control module B. Pressure, duty cycle or current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; engine fueling may be limited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Kraftstoffpumpen-Steuergerät B. Druck, PWM oder Strom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; die Einspritzung kann begrenzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pump_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U046E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Exhaust Gas Sensor Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Abgassensor-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from exhaust gas sensor module B (smart wide-range O2 / lambda module). Lambda or pumping current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Abgassensor-Modul B (smarter Breitband-O2-/Lambda-Sensor). Lambda- oder Pumpstromwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_gas_sensor_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0471",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor A (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor A (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0472",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor B (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor B (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0473",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor C (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor C (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0474",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor D (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor D (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0475",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor E",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor E (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor E (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0476",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Driver Assistance System",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fahrerassistenzsystem empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module is communicating with the engine ECU but receives data that is implausible or out of range — wrong checksum, value frozen, or value outside expected limits. Typical effects include limp-home and incorrect dashboard readings.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät kommuniziert mit dem Motorsteuergerät, empfängt aber unplausible oder außerhalb des Bereichs liegende Daten — falsche Checksumme, eingefrorener Wert oder Wert außerhalb der erwarteten Grenzen. Typische Folgen sind Notlauf und falsche Anzeigen im Kombiinstrument."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_assistance_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "adas_calibration_lost",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ADAS calibration lost (after windshield/bumper repair)",
            "de": "ADAS-Kalibrierung verloren (nach Windschutzscheiben-/Stoßstangen-Reparatur)"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "adas_sensor_obstructed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor obstructed (dirt, snow, sticker)",
            "de": "Sensor verdeckt (Schmutz, Schnee, Aufkleber)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0477",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor G",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor G (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor G (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0478",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor H",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor H (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor H (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0479",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor I",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor I"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor I (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor I (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_i"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U047A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor J",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor J (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor J (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_j"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U047B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor K",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor K (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor K (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_k"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U047C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor L",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor L (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor L (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_l"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U047D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor M",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor M"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor M (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor M (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_m"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U047E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Restraints System Sensor N",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor N"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from restraints system sensor N (satellite crash sensor). Acceleration profile values fail plausibility checks against other crash sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Rückhaltesystem-Sensor N (Satelliten-Crashsensor). Beschleunigungsprofile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Crashsensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "restraints_system_sensor_n"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U047F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Belt Pretensioner Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Gurtstraffer-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat belt pretensioner module A. Squib status or arming voltage values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Gurtstraffer-Modul A. Zünder-Status oder Schärfungs-Spannung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_belt_pretensioner_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0480",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Belt Pretensioner Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Gurtstraffer-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat belt pretensioner module B. Squib status or arming voltage values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Gurtstraffer-Modul B. Zünder-Status oder Schärfungs-Spannung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_belt_pretensioner_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0481",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Automatic Lighting Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Automatik-Licht-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the automatic lighting (ambient light/rain sensor) control module. Lux or wiper-trigger values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Automatik-Licht-Steuergerät (Umgebungslicht-/Regensensor). Lux oder Wischer-Trigger bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "automatic_lighting_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0482",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Headlamp Leveling Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Scheinwerfer-Leuchtweite-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from headlamp leveling control module A. Pitch angle or actuator position values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; auto-leveling reverts to fixed position.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Scheinwerfer-Leuchtweite-Steuergerät A. Nickwinkel oder Steller-Position bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; die Auto-Leuchtweitenregulierung bleibt auf Fixposition."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_leveling_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0483",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Lighting Control Module — Front",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom vorderen Licht-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the front lighting control module. Headlamp/turn/DRL command vs. feedback values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom vorderen Licht-Steuergerät. Scheinwerfer-/Blink-/Tagfahrlicht-Sollwerte vs. Rückmeldung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_lighting_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0484",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Lighting Control Module — Rear A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Licht-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from rear lighting control module A. Tail/brake/turn/reverse lamp command vs. feedback values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Licht-Steuergerät A. Schluss-/Brems-/Blink-/Rückfahrlicht-Sollwerte vs. Rückmeldung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_lighting_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0485",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Radio",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Radio"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the radio/head unit. Source state, station info or volume values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Radio/Head-Unit. Quell-Status, Senderinfo oder Lautstärke bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radio_head_unit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0486",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Antenna Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Antennen-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the antenna control module (active antenna amplifier / diversity controller). RF signal-quality flags fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Antennen-Steuergerät (aktiver Antennenverstärker / Diversity-Controller). RF-Signalqualitäts-Flags bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "antenna_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0487",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Audio Amplifier A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Audio-Verstärker A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from audio amplifier A. Channel level, source select or fault status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Audio-Verstärker A. Kanalpegel, Quellwahl oder Fehler-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "audio_amplifier_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0488",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Digital Disc Player/Changer Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom CD-/DVD-Wechsler-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from digital disc player/changer module A (CD/DVD/BD). Track, slot or fault status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom CD-/DVD-Wechsler-Modul A. Track, Slot oder Fehler-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "disc_changer_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0489",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Digital Disc Player/Changer Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom CD-/DVD-Wechsler-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from digital disc player/changer module B (CD/DVD/BD). Track, slot or fault status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom CD-/DVD-Wechsler-Modul B. Track, Slot oder Fehler-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "disc_changer_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U048A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Digital Disc Player/Changer Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom CD-/DVD-Wechsler-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from digital disc player/changer module C (CD/DVD/BD). Track, slot or fault status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom CD-/DVD-Wechsler-Modul C. Track, Slot oder Fehler-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "disc_changer_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U048B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Headlamp Leveling Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Scheinwerfer-Leuchtweite-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from headlamp leveling control module B. Pitch angle or actuator position values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; auto-leveling reverts to fixed position.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Scheinwerfer-Leuchtweite-Steuergerät B. Nickwinkel oder Steller-Position bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; die Auto-Leuchtweitenregulierung bleibt auf Fixposition."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_leveling_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0491",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Digital Disc Player/Changer Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom CD-/DVD-Wechsler-Modul D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from digital disc player/changer module D (CD/DVD/BD). Track, slot or fault status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom CD-/DVD-Wechsler-Modul D. Track, Slot oder Fehler-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "disc_changer_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0492",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Television",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom TV-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the rear-seat TV/DVB tuner module. Channel, source or fault status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fond-TV-/DVB-Tuner-Modul. Kanal, Quelle oder Fehler-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tv_tuner_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0493",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Personal Computer",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bord-Personal-Computer"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the on-board personal computer (commercial fleet/police laptop dock with vehicle interface). Status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bord-Personal-Computer (Flotten-/Polizei-Laptop-Dock mit Fahrzeug-Interface). Statuswerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "on_board_pc"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_data_terminal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0494",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Digital Audio Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Digital-Audio-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from digital audio control module A (DSP / source matrix). Channel routing, EQ or volume values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Digital-Audio-Steuergerät A (DSP/Quell-Matrix). Kanal-Routing, EQ oder Lautstärke bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "digital_audio_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0495",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Digital Audio Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Digital-Audio-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from digital audio control module B (DSP / source matrix). Channel routing, EQ or volume values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Digital-Audio-Steuergerät B (DSP/Quell-Matrix). Kanal-Routing, EQ oder Lautstärke bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "digital_audio_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0496",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Subscription Entertainment Receiver Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Abo-Entertainment-Empfänger-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the subscription entertainment receiver (satellite radio/TV with subscription). Stream or authentication state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Abo-Entertainment-Empfänger (Satellitenradio/-TV mit Abo). Stream- oder Auth-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "subscription_entertainment_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0497",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Entertainment Control Module — Rear A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Entertainment-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from rear entertainment control module A (rear-seat infotainment). Source select, audio routing or display state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Entertainment-Steuergerät A (Fond-Infotainment). Quellwahl, Audio-Routing oder Display-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_entertainment_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0498",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Telephone Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Telefon-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the telephone control module (Bluetooth/handsfree). Pairing, call state or audio routing values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Telefon-Steuergerät (Bluetooth-/Freisprecheinrichtung). Pairing, Anruf-Status oder Audio-Routing bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "telephone_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0499",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Telematic Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Telematik-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the telematic control unit (TCU). Cellular signal, eCall state or vehicle data values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Telematik-Steuergerät (TCU). Mobilfunk-Signal, eCall-Status oder Fahrzeugdaten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "telematic_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telematics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U049A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türsteuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door control module A. Door status, lock state, window or mirror values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türsteuergerät A. Tür-, Verriegelungs-, Fenster- oder Spiegel-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U049B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Tachograph Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Tachograph-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the digital tachograph module (commercial vehicle driving-time recorder). Speed, distance or driver-card values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom digitalen Tachographen-Modul (Lenkzeit-Schreiber für Nutzfahrzeuge). Geschwindigkeit, Wegstrecke oder Fahrerkarten-Daten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "tachograph_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachograph"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U049C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Battery Charger Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Batterielade-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from battery charger control module A (on-board AC charger). Charge current, voltage or grid sync values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Batterielade-Steuergerät A (On-Board-AC-Lader). Ladestrom, Spannung oder Netz-Sync bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U049D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Glow Plug Control Module 2",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Glühkerzen-Steuergerät 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from glow plug control module 2. Plug current/voltage or temperature values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; cold-start strategy reverts to fail-safe.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Glühkerzen-Steuergerät 2. Glühkerzen-Strom/-Spannung oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Kaltstart-Strategie wechselt in Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "glow_plug_module_2"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glow_plug"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U049E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Direct Ozone Reduction Catalyst Temperature Sensor",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Ozon-Abbau-Katalysator-Temperatursensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the direct ozone reduction (DOR) catalyst temperature sensor. Temperature values fail plausibility checks against engine load and ambient and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Ozon-Abbau-Katalysator-Temperatursensor (DOR). Temperaturwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Motorlast und Umgebungstemperatur nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dor_catalyst_temp_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U049F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Transmission Range Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Getriebe-Wahlbereich-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the transmission range control module. Selected gear (P/R/N/D) state fails plausibility checks against shift lever and vehicle speed and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Getriebe-Wahlbereich-Steuergerät. Gewählte Stufe (P/R/N/D) besteht Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Wählhebel und Fahrgeschwindigkeit nicht und wird verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_range_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04A0",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Engine Coolant Pump Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Motor-Kühlmittelpumpen-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the engine coolant pump (electric water pump) control module. Pump speed or flow values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Motor-Kühlmittelpumpen-Steuergerät (elektrische Wasserpumpe). Pumpendrehzahl oder Volumenstrom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04A1",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module A. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul A. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04A2",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module B. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul B. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04A3",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module C. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul C. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04A4",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Particulate Matter Sensor A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Partikelsensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from particulate matter sensor A (smart sensor with own ECU). PM concentration values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Partikelsensor A (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät). PM-Konzentrationswerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04A5",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module E",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module E. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul E. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04A6",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module F",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module F. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul F. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04A7",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module G",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module G. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul G. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04A8",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module H",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module H. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul H. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04A9",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module I",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät I"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module I. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul I. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_i"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04AA",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module J",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module J. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul J. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_j"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04AB",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module K",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module K. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul K. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_k"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04AC",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module L",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module L. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul L. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_l"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04AD",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module M",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät M"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module M. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul M. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_m"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04AE",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module N",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät N"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module N. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul N. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_n"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04AF",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module O",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät O"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module O. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul O. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_o"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04B0",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Interface Control Module P",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Steuergerät P"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from hybrid/EV battery interface module P. Cell-voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batterie-Interface-Modul P. Zellspannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_interface_module_p"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04B1",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Battery Monitor Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Batterie-Überwachungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the 12-V battery monitor (intelligent battery sensor). Voltage, current or temperature values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; SoC estimation reverts to a default model.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom 12-V-Batterie-Überwachungs-Modul (intelligenter Batteriesensor). Spannung, Strom oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; SoC-Schätzung wechselt auf Default-Modell."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_monitor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04B2",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Particulate Matter Sensor B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Partikelsensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from particulate matter sensor B (smart sensor with own ECU). PM concentration values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Partikelsensor B (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät). PM-Konzentrationswerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04B3",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Planetary Gear Set Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Planetenrad-Getriebe-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the planetary gear set control module (typical in power-split hybrid eCVT). Speed/torque distribution values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Planetenrad-Getriebe-Steuergerät (typisch in Power-Split-Hybrid-eCVT). Drehzahl-/Moment-Verteilung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "planetary_gear_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          4000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_Synergy_Drive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04B4",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Brake Blending Actuator",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Brake-Blending-Aktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the brake blending actuator (manages mix of regen + friction braking on hybrids/EVs). Pressure command vs. actual fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Brake-Blending-Aktor (Mischung aus Rekuperation + Reibungsbremse bei Hybriden/EVs). Druck-Sollwert vs. Ist besteht Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und wird verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_blending_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04B5",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Brake System Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bremssystem-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from brake system control module B (secondary brake controller in twin-system architectures). Pressure, slip or pedal-feel values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bremssystem-Steuergerät B (sekundärer Bremscontroller in Doppelarchitekturen). Druck, Schlupf oder Pedalgefühl bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "brake_system_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04B6",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Catalyst Heater Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Katalysator-Heizungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the catalyst heater control module (electrically heated catalyst, EHC). Heater current/voltage or temperature values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; emissions warm-up cannot be guaranteed.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Katalysator-Heizungs-Steuergerät (elektrisch beheizter Kat, EHC). Heizstrom/-spannung oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Emissions-Warm-up kann nicht garantiert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_heater_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04BA",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Switch Input Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Schalter-Eingangs-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from switch input module A (multiplexed switch reader for steering/console buttons). Button state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Schalter-Eingangs-Modul A (Multiplex-Auswertung für Lenkrad-/Konsolen-Tasten). Tasten-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "switch_input_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04BB",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Switch Input Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Schalter-Eingangs-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from switch input module B (multiplexed switch reader for steering/console buttons). Button state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Schalter-Eingangs-Modul B (Multiplex-Auswertung für Lenkrad-/Konsolen-Tasten). Tasten-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "switch_input_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04BC",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Switch Input Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Schalter-Eingangs-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from switch input module C (multiplexed switch reader for steering/console buttons). Button state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Schalter-Eingangs-Modul C (Multiplex-Auswertung für Lenkrad-/Konsolen-Tasten). Tasten-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "switch_input_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04BD",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Park Lock/Pawl Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Parksperren-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the park lock/pawl control module (electric park-pawl actuator on shift-by-wire transmissions). Engaged/released state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Parksperren-Steuergerät (elektrischer Pawl-Aktor an Shift-by-Wire-Getrieben). Eingerastet/gelöst-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "park_lock_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04BE",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Battery Charger Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Batterielade-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from battery charger control module B (on-board AC charger). Charge current, voltage or grid sync values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Batterielade-Steuergerät B (On-Board-AC-Lader). Ladestrom, Spannung oder Netz-Sync bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04BF",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Drive Motor A Clutch Actuator",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplungsaktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the drive motor A clutch actuator (engagement clutch on hybrid drivetrains). Position or pressure values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Antriebsmotor-A-Kupplungsaktor (Eingriffskupplung an Hybrid-Antrieben). Position oder Druck bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_a_clutch_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U04C0",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Battery Management Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Batterie-Management-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the battery management control module (BMS master). SoC, SoH, current or voltage values fail plausibility checks against other inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Batterie-Management-Steuergerät (BMS-Master). SoC, SoH, Strom oder Spannung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_management_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0500",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Communication Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Kommunikationsmodul empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module receives data from the telematics/communication module that is implausible, has the wrong format or fails checksum. Connected services and emergency-call functions may stop working.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät empfängt Daten vom Telematik-/Kommunikationsmodul, die unplausibel sind, falsches Format haben oder die Checksumme verfehlen. Connected Services und Notruffunktion können ausfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "communication_module",
        "can_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "comm_module_firmware",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication module firmware out of date",
            "de": "Kommunikationsmodul-Firmware veraltet"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "comm_module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Communication module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Fehler im Kommunikationsmodul"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0501",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türsteuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door control module B. Door status, lock state, window or mirror values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türsteuergerät B. Tür-, Verriegelungs-, Fenster- oder Spiegel-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0502",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türsteuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door control module C. Door status, lock state, window or mirror values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türsteuergerät C. Tür-, Verriegelungs-, Fenster- oder Spiegel-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0503",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Control Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türsteuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door control module D. Door status, lock state, window or mirror values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türsteuergerät D. Tür-, Verriegelungs-, Fenster- oder Spiegel-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0504",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Control Module E",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türsteuergerät E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door control module E. Door status, lock state, window or mirror values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türsteuergerät E. Tür-, Verriegelungs-, Fenster- oder Spiegel-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0505",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Control Module F",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türsteuergerät F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door control module F. Door status, lock state, window or mirror values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türsteuergerät F. Tür-, Verriegelungs-, Fenster- oder Spiegel-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0506",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Control Module G",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türsteuergerät G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door control module G. Door status, lock state, window or mirror values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türsteuergerät G. Tür-, Verriegelungs-, Fenster- oder Spiegel-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0507",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Folding Top Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Verdeck-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the folding top (convertible) control module. Hydraulic pressure, latch or position sensor values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; the top stops mid-travel.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Verdeck-Steuergerät (Cabrio). Hydraulikdruck, Verriegelung oder Lagensensor bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; das Verdeck stoppt im Lauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "folding_top_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convertible"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0508",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Moveable Roof Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom verstellbaren Dach-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from moveable roof control module A (panorama/glass roof). Position or anti-pinch sensor values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfandes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom verstellbaren Dach-Steuergerät A (Panorama-/Glasdach). Position oder Einklemmschutz-Sensor bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "moveable_roof_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunroof"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0509",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module A. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät A. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U050A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module B. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät B. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U050B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Moveable Roof Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom verstellbaren Dach-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from moveable roof control module B (panorama/glass roof). Position or anti-pinch sensor values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom verstellbaren Dach-Steuergerät B (Panorama-/Glasdach). Position oder Einklemmschutz-Sensor bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "moveable_roof_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunroof"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U050C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Control Module H",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türsteuergerät H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door control module H. Door status, lock state, window or mirror values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türsteuergerät H. Tür-, Verriegelungs-, Fenster- oder Spiegel-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_control_module_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U050D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Wireless Accessory Charging Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Wireless-Zubehör-Lade-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from wireless accessory charging module A (Qi pad in center console / armrest). Coil power or alignment values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Wireless-Zubehör-Lade-Modul A (Qi-Pad in Mittelkonsole/Armlehne). Spulen-Leistung oder Ausrichtung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wireless_charging_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U050E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Wireless Accessory Charging Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Wireless-Zubehör-Lade-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from wireless accessory charging module B (Qi pad in center console / armrest). Coil power or alignment values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Wireless-Zubehör-Lade-Modul B (Qi-Pad in Mittelkonsole/Armlehne). Spulen-Leistung oder Ausrichtung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wireless_charging_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_charging"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0511",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module C. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät C. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0512",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module D. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät D. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0513",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Yaw Rate Sensor Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Gier-Raten-Sensor-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the yaw rate sensor module (typically combined with lateral/longitudinal accelerometer). Rotational rate values fail plausibility checks against steering and wheel speed and are rejected; ESC may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Gier-Raten-Sensor-Modul (meist mit Quer-/Längsbeschleunigung kombiniert). Drehraten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Lenkwinkel und Raddrehzahl nicht und werden verworfen; ESC kann deaktiviert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "yaw_rate_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0514",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Mirror Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Spiegel-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from mirror control module A. Mirror position, fold/unfold state or heating values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Spiegel-Steuergerät A. Spiegelposition, Anklapp-Status oder Heizwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "mirror_control_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0515",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Remote Function Actuation Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Funkfernbedienungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the remote function actuation module (key fob receiver / RKE). Button/event values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Funkfernbedienungs-Modul (Funkschlüssel-Empfänger / RKE). Tasten-/Ereignis-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "remote_function_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_keyless_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0516",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Switch A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türschalter A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door switch A. Open/closed state or contact bounce values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türschalter A. Offen-/Geschlossen-Status oder Kontaktprellen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_switch_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0517",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Switch B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türschalter B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door switch B. Open/closed state or contact bounce values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türschalter B. Offen-/Geschlossen-Status oder Kontaktprellen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_switch_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0518",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Switch C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türschalter C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door switch C. Open/closed state or contact bounce values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türschalter C. Offen-/Geschlossen-Status oder Kontaktprellen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_switch_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0519",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Switch D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türschalter D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door switch D. Open/closed state or contact bounce values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türschalter D. Offen-/Geschlossen-Status oder Kontaktprellen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_switch_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U051A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Switch E",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türschalter E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door switch E. Open/closed state or contact bounce values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türschalter E. Offen-/Geschlossen-Status oder Kontaktprellen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_switch_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0521",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Power Steering Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lenkungs-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Other modules receive implausible EPS torque or angle data. EPS reduces or disables assist; the EPS warning lamp comes on.",
        "de": "Andere Steuergeräte empfangen unplausible Drehmoment- oder Winkelwerte vom EPS. Die Servounterstützung wird reduziert oder deaktiviert, die EPS-Warnlampe leuchtet."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "eps_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "torque_sensor_drift",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Torque sensor drift",
            "de": "Drehmomentsensor-Drift"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_steering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0522",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Switch G",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Türschalter G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door switch G. Open/closed state or contact bounce values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Türschalter G. Offen-/Geschlossen-Status oder Kontaktprellen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_switch_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0523",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Window Motor A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door window motor A. Position, motor current or anti-pinch values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor A. Position, Motorstrom oder Einklemmschutz-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_window_motor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0524",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Window Motor B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door window motor B. Position, motor current or anti-pinch values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor B. Position, Motorstrom oder Einklemmschutz-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_window_motor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0525",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Window Motor C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door window motor C. Position, motor current or anti-pinch values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor C. Position, Motorstrom oder Einklemmschutz-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_window_motor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0526",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Window Motor D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door window motor D. Position, motor current or anti-pinch values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor D. Position, Motorstrom oder Einklemmschutz-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_window_motor_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0527",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Window Motor E",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door window motor E. Position, motor current or anti-pinch values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor E. Position, Motorstrom oder Einklemmschutz-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_window_motor_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0528",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Window Motor F",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door window motor F. Position, motor current or anti-pinch values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor F. Position, Motorstrom oder Einklemmschutz-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_window_motor_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0529",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Door Window Motor G",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from door window motor G. Position, motor current or anti-pinch values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fensterheber-Motor G. Position, Motorstrom oder Einklemmschutz-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "door_window_motor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U052A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Heated Steering Wheel Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lenkradheizungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the heated steering wheel module. Heater current/voltage or temperature values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Lenkradheizungs-Modul. Heizstrom/-spannung oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "heated_steering_wheel_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering_wheel"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U052F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Object Detection Maintenance Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Objekt-Erkennungs-Wartungs-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from object detection maintenance control module A (radar/camera self-cleaning and calibration manager). Status flags fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Objekt-Erkennungs-Wartungs-Steuergerät A (Radar-/Kamera-Selbstreinigung und Kalibriermanager). Status-Flags bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "object_detection_maintenance_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0530",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Object Detection Maintenance Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Objekt-Erkennungs-Wartungs-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from object detection maintenance control module B (radar/camera self-cleaning and calibration manager). Status flags fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Objekt-Erkennungs-Wartungs-Steuergerät B (Radar-/Kamera-Selbstreinigung und Kalibriermanager). Status-Flags bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "object_detection_maintenance_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0531",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Rear Gate Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Heckklappen-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the rear gate (powered tailgate/liftgate) module. Position, motor current or anti-pinch values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Heckklappen-Modul (elektrische Heckklappe). Position, Motorstrom oder Einklemmschutz-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_gate_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0532",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Rain Sensing Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Regensensor-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the rain sensing module. Wetness/intensity values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; auto-wipers may revert to fixed intermittent or off.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Regensensor-Modul. Nässe-/Intensitäts-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Auto-Wischer wechseln auf festen Intervall oder Aus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rain_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0533",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Side Obstacle Detection Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from side obstacle detection module A (corner radar). Distance/closing-speed values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; blind-spot warning may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät A (Eck-Radar). Abstands-/Geschwindigkeits-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Toter-Winkel-Warnung kann deaktiviert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_obstacle_detection_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0534",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Side Obstacle Detection Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from side obstacle detection module B (corner radar). Distance/closing-speed values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; blind-spot warning may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät B (Eck-Radar). Abstands-/Geschwindigkeits-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Toter-Winkel-Warnung kann deaktiviert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_obstacle_detection_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0535",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Convenience Recall Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Komfort-Memory-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the convenience recall module (per-driver presets for seat, mirror, climate, audio). Profile data fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Komfort-Memory-Modul (fahrer-spezifische Voreinstellungen für Sitz, Spiegel, Klima, Audio). Profil-Daten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "convenience_recall_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0536",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Lateral Acceleration Sensor Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Quer-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the lateral acceleration sensor module. Lateral g values fail plausibility checks against steering and yaw rate and are rejected; ESC may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Quer-Beschleunigungssensor-Modul. Quer-g-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Lenkwinkel und Gierrate nicht und werden verworfen; ESC kann deaktiviert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lateral_acceleration_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0537",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Column Lock Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lenksäulen-Verriegelungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the steering column lock (ELV) module. Lock/unlock state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; the engine may refuse to start.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom elektronischen Lenkschloss-Modul (ELV). Verriegelungs-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; der Motor kann den Start verweigern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "column_lock_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0538",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Digital Audio Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Digital-Audio-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from digital audio control module C (DSP / source matrix). Channel routing, EQ or volume values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Digital-Audio-Steuergerät C (DSP/Quell-Matrix). Kanal-Routing, EQ oder Lautstärke bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "digital_audio_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0539",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Digital Audio Control Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Digital-Audio-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from digital audio control module D (DSP / source matrix). Channel routing, EQ or volume values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Digital-Audio-Steuergerät D (DSP/Quell-Matrix). Kanal-Routing, EQ oder Lautstärke bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "digital_audio_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U053A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Entrapment Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Einklemmschutz-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from entrapment control module A (anti-pinch master for windows, sunroof, doors). Force/torque limit values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Einklemmschutz-Steuergerät A (Master für Fenster, Schiebedach, Türen). Kraft-/Moment-Grenzwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "entrapment_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U053B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing module A. Object detections, lane lines or sign recognitions fail plausibility checks against other ADAS sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Modul A. Objekt-Erkennungen, Spurmarkierungen oder Verkehrszeichen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere ADAS-Sensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U053C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing module B. Object detections, lane lines or sign recognitions fail plausibility checks against other ADAS sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Modul B. Objekt-Erkennungen, Spurmarkierungen oder Verkehrszeichen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere ADAS-Sensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U053D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing module C. Object detections, lane lines or sign recognitions fail plausibility checks against other ADAS sensors and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Modul C. Objekt-Erkennungen, Spurmarkierungen oder Verkehrszeichen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere ADAS-Sensoren nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0541",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Entrapment Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Einklemmschutz-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from entrapment control module B (anti-pinch master for windows, sunroof, doors). Force/torque limit values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Einklemmschutz-Steuergerät B. Kraft-/Moment-Grenzwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "entrapment_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0542",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Headlamp Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Scheinwerfer-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from headlamp control module A (matrix LED / adaptive driving beam). Beam segment or actuator values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Scheinwerfer-Steuergerät A (Matrix-LED / adaptives Fernlicht). Strahlsegment oder Aktor-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0543",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Headlamp Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Scheinwerfer-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from headlamp control module B (matrix LED / adaptive driving beam). Beam segment or actuator values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Scheinwerfer-Steuergerät B (Matrix-LED / adaptives Fernlicht). Strahlsegment oder Aktor-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "headlamp_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0544",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Parking Assist Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Park-Assistenz-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from parking assist module B. Ultrasonic distance values or trajectory commands fail plausibility checks and are rejected, suspending automated parking.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Park-Assistenz-Steuergerät B. Ultraschall-Abstandswerte oder Bahn-Kommandos bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen — automatisiertes Einparken wird ausgesetzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "parking_assist_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0545",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Running Board Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Trittbrett-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from running board control module A. Position or motor current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Trittbrett-Steuergerät A. Position oder Motorstrom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "running_board_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0546",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Entertainment Control Module — Front",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom vorderen Entertainment-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the front entertainment control module. Source select, audio routing or display state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom vorderen Entertainment-Steuergerät. Quellwahl, Audio-Routing oder Display-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_entertainment_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0547",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Module E",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module E. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät E. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0548",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Module F",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module F. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät F. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0549",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Remote Accessory Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Remote-Accessory-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the remote accessory module (aftermarket / OEM accessory bus controller). Status flags or command values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Remote-Accessory-Modul (Aftermarket-/OEM-Zubehörbus-Controller). Status-Flags oder Befehlswerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "remote_accessory_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U054A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Entertainment Control Module — Rear B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Entertainment-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from rear entertainment control module B (rear-seat infotainment). Source select, audio routing or display state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Entertainment-Steuergerät B (Fond-Infotainment). Quellwahl, Audio-Routing oder Display-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_entertainment_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U054B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Interior Lighting Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Innenlicht-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from interior lighting control module A. Ambient lighting zone, reading lamp or door courtesy light commands fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Innenlicht-Steuergerät A. Ambiente-Licht-Zonen, Leselampen oder Türeinstiegsleuchten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "interior_lighting_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U054C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Module G",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module G. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät G. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U054D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Module H",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module H. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät H. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U054E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Module J",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module J. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät J. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_j"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U054F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Side Obstacle Detection Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from side obstacle detection module C (corner radar). Distance/closing-speed values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; blind-spot warning may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät C (Eck-Radar). Abstands-/Geschwindigkeits-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Toter-Winkel-Warnung kann deaktiviert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_obstacle_detection_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0550",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Side Obstacle Detection Control Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from side obstacle detection module D (corner radar). Distance/closing-speed values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; blind-spot warning may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Seitenhindernis-Erkennungs-Steuergerät D (Eck-Radar). Abstands-/Geschwindigkeits-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Toter-Winkel-Warnung kann deaktiviert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "side_obstacle_detection_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0551",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Impact Classification System Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Impact-Klassifizierungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the impact classification module. Crash sensor profile values fail plausibility checks against other restraint inputs and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Impact-Klassifizierungs-Steuergerät. Crashsensor-Profile bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen andere Rückhaltesystem-Eingaben nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "impact_classification_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0552",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Running Board Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Trittbrett-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from running board control module B. Position or motor current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Trittbrett-Steuergerät B. Position oder Motorstrom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "running_board_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0553",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Lighting Control Module — Rear B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Licht-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from rear lighting control module B. Tail/brake/turn/reverse lamp command vs. feedback values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Licht-Steuergerät B. Schluss-/Brems-/Blink-/Rückfahrlicht-Sollwerte vs. Rückmeldung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_lighting_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0554",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Accessory Protocol Interface Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Accessory-Protocol-Interface-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the accessory protocol interface module (APIM). Infotainment/voice/connected service values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Accessory-Protocol-Interface-Modul (APIM). Infotainment-/Sprach-/Connected-Service-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accessory_protocol_interface_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0555",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Remote Start Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Remote-Start-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the remote-start module. Engine pre-start request or status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Remote-Start-Modul. Motor-Vorstart-Anforderung oder Status-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "remote_start_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_keyless_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0556",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Front Display Interface Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Front-Display-Interface-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the front display interface module. Center-stack screen status, climate readout or infotainment menu state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Front-Display-Interface-Modul. Mittelkonsolen-Display-Status, Klima-Anzeige oder Infotainment-Menü bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_display_interface_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0557",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Front Controls Interface Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Front-Bedien-Interface-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from front controls interface module A. Hard-key, rotary knob or steering-wheel switch state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Front-Bedien-Interface-Modul A. Tasten, Dreh-Drück-Steller oder Lenkradtasten-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_controls_interface_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0558",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Front Controls/Display Interface Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom kombinierten Front-Bedien-/Display-Interface-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the combined front controls/display interface module. Both screen and hard-key state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom kombinierten Front-Bedien-/Display-Interface-Modul. Display- und Tasten-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_controls_display_interface_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0559",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Radio Transceiver",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Funkempfangs-/Sende-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the radio transceiver. Tuner, satellite or DAB reception state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Funkempfangs-/Sende-Modul. Tuner-, Satelliten- oder DAB-Empfang-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radio_transceiver"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U055A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Special Purpose Vehicle Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from special-purpose vehicle (SPV) control module A. Upfit function (emergency lighting, sirens, fleet relays, PTO/auxiliary) status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät A (SPV). Aufbau-Funktionen (Sondersignal, Sirene, Flottenrelais, PTO) Status-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "special_purpose_vehicle_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U055B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Special Purpose Vehicle Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from special-purpose vehicle (SPV) control module B. Upfit function (emergency lighting, sirens, fleet relays, PTO/auxiliary) status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät B (SPV). Aufbau-Funktionen (Sondersignal, Sirene, Flottenrelais, PTO) Status-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "special_purpose_vehicle_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U055C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Special Purpose Vehicle Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from special-purpose vehicle (SPV) control module C. Upfit function (emergency lighting, sirens, fleet relays, PTO/auxiliary) status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät C (SPV). Aufbau-Funktionen (Sondersignal, Sirene, Flottenrelais, PTO) Status-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "special_purpose_vehicle_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U055D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Special Purpose Vehicle Control Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from special-purpose vehicle (SPV) control module D. Upfit function (emergency lighting, sirens, fleet relays, PTO/auxiliary) status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sonderfahrzeug-Steuergerät D (SPV). Aufbau-Funktionen (Sondersignal, Sirene, Flottenrelais, PTO) Status-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "special_purpose_vehicle_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U055E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Front Controls Interface Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Front-Bedien-Interface-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from front controls interface module B. Hard-key, rotary knob or steering-wheel switch state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Front-Bedien-Interface-Modul B. Tasten, Dreh-Drück-Steller oder Lenkradtasten-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_controls_interface_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U055F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Electronic Brake Booster Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom elektronischen Bremskraftverstärker-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from electronic brake booster module A. Boost assist, brake-by-wire pedal feedback or regen-blending values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom elektronischen Bremskraftverstärker-Steuergerät A. Verstärker-Assistenz, Pedalrückmeldung oder Regen-Mischung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electronic_brake_booster_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0560",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Electronic Brake Booster Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom elektronischen Bremskraftverstärker-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from electronic brake booster module B. Boost assist, brake-by-wire pedal feedback or regen-blending values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom elektronischen Bremskraftverstärker-Steuergerät B. Verstärker-Assistenz, Pedalrückmeldung oder Regen-Mischung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "electronic_brake_booster_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_brake"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0561",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Switch Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzschalter-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control switch module A. Button state for seat adjustment, lumbar or memory recall fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzschalter-Modul A. Tasten-Status für Sitzverstellung, Lordosenstütze oder Memory-Abruf bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_switch_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0562",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Control Switch Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzschalter-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control switch module B. Button state for seat adjustment, lumbar or memory recall fails plausibility checks and is rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzschalter-Modul B. Tasten-Status für Sitzverstellung, Lordosenstütze oder Memory-Abruf bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_switch_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0563",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Audio Amplifier B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Audio-Verstärker B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from audio amplifier B. Channel level, source select or fault status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Audio-Verstärker B. Kanalpegel, Quellwahl oder Fehler-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "audio_amplifier_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0564",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Speech Recognition Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Spracherkennungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the speech recognition module. Recognised command or dialog state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Spracherkennungs-Modul. Erkannte Befehle oder Dialog-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "speech_recognition_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0565",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Camera Module — Rear",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Kameramodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the rear camera module. Image stream, dynamic guide line or cross-traffic detection values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Kameramodul. Bildstrom, dynamische Hilfslinien oder Querverkehrserkennung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_camera_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup_camera"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0566",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor A. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor A. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0567",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor B. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor B. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0568",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor C. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor C. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0569",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor D. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor D. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U056A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor E",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor E. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor E. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U056B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor F",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor F. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor F. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U056C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor G",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor G. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor G. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U056D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor H",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor H. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor H. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U056E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor I",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor I"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor I. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor I. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_i"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U056F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor J",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor J. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor J. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_j"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0570",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor K",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor K. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor K. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_k"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0571",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Image Processing Sensor L",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from image processing sensor L. ADAS-relevant detections (lane lines, signs, objects) fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Bildverarbeitungs-Sensor L. ADAS-relevante Erkennungen (Spurmarkierungen, Verkehrszeichen, Objekte) bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "image_processing_sensor_l"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0572",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Vehicle Motion Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Vehicle-Motion-Control-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from vehicle motion control module A (integrated chassis controller arbitrating between brake/steer/drive). Trajectory or actuator command values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Vehicle-Motion-Control-Modul A (integrierter Chassis-Controller, arbitriert zwischen Bremse/Lenkung/Antrieb). Bahn- oder Aktor-Sollwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_motion_control_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0573",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Vehicle Motion Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Vehicle-Motion-Control-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from vehicle motion control module B (integrated chassis controller arbitrating between brake/steer/drive). Trajectory or actuator command values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Vehicle-Motion-Control-Modul B (integrierter Chassis-Controller, arbitriert zwischen Bremse/Lenkung/Antrieb). Bahn- oder Aktor-Sollwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "vehicle_motion_control_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_stability_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0574",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Lighting Driver Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lichttreiber-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from lighting driver control module A. LED matrix segment or adaptive headlamp values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Lichttreiber-Steuergerät A. LED-Matrix-Segment- oder adaptive Scheinwerfer-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lighting_driver_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0575",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Lighting Driver Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lichttreiber-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from lighting driver control module B. LED matrix segment or adaptive headlamp values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Lichttreiber-Steuergerät B. LED-Matrix-Segment- oder adaptive Scheinwerfer-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lighting_driver_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0576",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Lighting Driver Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lichttreiber-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from lighting driver control module C. LED matrix segment or adaptive headlamp values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Lichttreiber-Steuergerät C. LED-Matrix-Segment- oder adaptive Scheinwerfer-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lighting_driver_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0577",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Lighting Driver Control Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lichttreiber-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from lighting driver control module D. LED matrix segment or adaptive headlamp values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Lichttreiber-Steuergerät D. LED-Matrix-Segment- oder adaptive Scheinwerfer-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lighting_driver_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0578",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Module K",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module K. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät K. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_k"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0579",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Seat Module L",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from seat control module L. Seat position, memory recall or heating/ventilation values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Sitzsteuergerät L. Sitzposition, Memory-Abruf oder Heiz-/Lüftungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "seat_control_module_l"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_seat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U057B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Battery Charger Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Batterielade-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from battery charger control module C. Charge current, voltage or grid sync values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Batterielade-Steuergerät C. Ladestrom, Spannung oder Netz-Sync bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U057C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Battery Charger Control Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Batterielade-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from battery charger control module D. Charge current, voltage or grid sync values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Batterielade-Steuergerät D. Ladestrom, Spannung oder Netz-Sync bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_charger_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U057D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Off-Board Charger Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Off-Board-Ladegerät-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the off-board charger module (DC fast-charge negotiation). Session state or current/voltage values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Off-Board-Ladegerät-Steuergerät (DC-Schnelllade-Aushandlung). Sitzungs-Status oder Strom-/Spannungswerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "off_board_charger_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0580",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Haptic Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Haptik-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the haptic control module. Vibration command values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Haptik-Steuergerät. Vibrations-Sollwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "haptic_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0585",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Active Grille Air Shutter Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from active grille shutter module A. Position or actuator command values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuergerät A. Position oder Aktor-Sollwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0586",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Navigation Display Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Navigations-Anzeigemodul empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The infotainment system receives invalid map or display data from the navigation module. Map view freezes or shows blank tiles.",
        "de": "Das Infotainment empfängt vom Navigationsmodul ungültige Karten- oder Anzeigedaten. Die Kartendarstellung friert ein oder zeigt leere Kacheln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "navigation_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "map_data_corrupt",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Map data corrupted",
            "de": "Kartendaten beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0587",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Radiator Anti-Tamper Device",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten von der Kühler-Manipulationsschutz-Einrichtung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the radiator anti-tamper device. Tamper-detection state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten von der Kühler-Manipulationsschutz-Einrichtung. Manipulations-Erkennungs-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "radiator_anti_tamper_device"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0588",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received from Navigation Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Navigations-Steuergerät empfangen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The infotainment receives implausible position or routing data from the navigation controller. Routing and traffic functions can fail.",
        "de": "Das Infotainment empfängt vom Navigations-Steuergerät unplausible Positions- oder Routendaten. Routenführung und Verkehrsfunktionen können ausfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "navigation_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "gps_antenna",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "GPS antenna disconnected",
            "de": "GPS-Antenne getrennt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_navigation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0589",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From DC/AC Converter Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom DC/AC-Wandler-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from DC/AC inverter module A. Drive-motor torque or AC-outlet supply values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom DC/AC-Wandler-Steuergerät A. Antriebsmotor-Moment oder AC-Steckdosen-Versorgung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_ac_converter_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U058A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From DC/AC Converter Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom DC/AC-Wandler-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from DC/AC inverter module B. Drive-motor torque or AC-outlet supply values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom DC/AC-Wandler-Steuergerät B. Antriebsmotor-Moment oder AC-Steckdosen-Versorgung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_ac_converter_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U058B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Transmission Fluid Pump Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Getriebeöl-Pumpe-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from transmission fluid pump module B. Pump speed or pressure values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Getriebeöl-Pumpe-Steuergerät B. Pumpendrehzahl oder Druck bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pump_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U058C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Active Grille Air Shutter Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from active grille shutter module C. Position or actuator command values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuergerät C. Position oder Aktor-Sollwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U058D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Active Grille Air Shutter Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from active grille shutter module D. Position or actuator command values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom aktiven Kühlergrill-Luftklappe-Steuergerät D. Position oder Aktor-Sollwerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_grille_shutter_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          900
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0592",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Gear Shift Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Gangwahl-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from gear shift control module B. Shift-by-wire request or position values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Gangwahl-Steuergerät B. Shift-by-Wire-Anforderung oder Position bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "gear_shift_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0593",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Drive Motor Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from drive motor control module B. Torque, speed or current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät B. Drehmoment, Drehzahl oder Strom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0594",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Powertrain Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Antriebsstrang-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the hybrid/EV powertrain control module (master coordinator for engine + motor + battery). Torque request or mode-state values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Antriebsstrang-Steuergerät (Master-Koordinator für Motor + E-Maschine + Batterie). Momentanforderung oder Modus-Status bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hev_ev_powertrain_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0595",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Powertrain Control Monitor Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Antriebsstrang-Überwachungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the powertrain control monitor (independent watchdog comparing ECM/PCM commands against sensor inputs). Status flags fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Antriebsstrang-Überwachungs-Modul (unabhängiger Watchdog, der ECM-/PCM-Befehle gegen Sensoreingänge prüft). Status-Flags bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "powertrain_monitor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0596",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From AC/AC Converter Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom AC/AC-Wandler-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the AC/AC converter control module (transformer/frequency-converter for industrial-vehicle accessories). Voltage or frequency values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom AC/AC-Wandler-Steuergerät (Transformator/Frequenz-Umrichter für Nutzfahrzeug-Zubehör). Spannungs- oder Frequenz-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_ac_converter_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0597",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From AC/DC Converter Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom AC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from AC/DC converter (on-board charger) module A. Charging current/voltage or grid sync values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom AC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät A (On-Board-Charger). Lade-Strom/-Spannung oder Netz-Sync bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_dc_converter_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0598",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From AC/DC Converter Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom AC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from AC/DC converter (on-board charger) module B. Charging current/voltage or grid sync values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom AC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät B (On-Board-Charger). Lade-Strom/-Spannung oder Netz-Sync bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_dc_converter_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charging_station"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0599",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From DC/DC Converter Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom DC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from DC/DC converter module A. Output current or voltage values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; 12-V system may face load shedding.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom DC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät A. Ausgangsstrom oder Spannung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; 12-V-Bordnetz kann Lastabschaltungen erfahren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_dc_converter_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U059A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From DC/DC Converter Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom DC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from DC/DC converter module B. Output current or voltage values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; 12-V system may face load shedding.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom DC/DC-Wandler-Steuergerät B. Ausgangsstrom oder Spannung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; 12-V-Bordnetz kann Lastabschaltungen erfahren."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dc_dc_converter_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-to-DC_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U059B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Sensor Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Hybrid-/EV-Batteriepack-Sensor-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the high-voltage battery pack sensor module. Cell-voltage and temperature values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; SoC and SoH calculations switch to a default model.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom HV-Batteriepack-Sensor-Modul. Zellspannungen und Temperaturen bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; SoC- und SoH-Berechnungen wechseln auf Default-Modell."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_sensor_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U059C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Drive Motor Control Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from drive motor control module C. Torque, speed or current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät C. Drehmoment, Drehzahl oder Strom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U059D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Drive Motor Control Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from drive motor control module D. Torque, speed or current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Antriebsmotor-Steuergerät D. Drehmoment, Drehzahl oder Strom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "drive_motor_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U059E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From NOx Sensor A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom NOx-Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from NOx sensor A (smart sensor with own ECU). NOx concentration or pumping current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; SCR control falls back to substitute values.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom NOx-Sensor A (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät). NOx-Konzentration oder Pumpstrom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; SCR-Regelung fällt auf Ersatzwerte zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          350,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U059F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From NOx Sensor B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom NOx-Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from NOx sensor B (smart sensor with own ECU). NOx concentration or pumping current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; SCR control falls back to substitute values.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom NOx-Sensor B (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät). NOx-Konzentration oder Pumpstrom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; SCR-Regelung fällt auf Ersatzwerte zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          350,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05A0",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Evaporative Emission System Leak Detection Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom EVAP-Leckerkennungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the EVAP leak detection module. Tank-pressure or vacuum values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom EVAP-Leckerkennungs-Steuergerät. Tankdruck- oder Vakuum-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_leak_detection_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05A1",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor A Received Invalid Data From ECM/PCM",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor A erhielt ungültige Daten vom ECM/PCM"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor A (smart sensor with own ECU) received implausible data from the ECM/PCM. Engine load, fuel rate or temperature data needed for the sensor's internal compensation fails plausibility checks; the sensor reports degraded readings.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor A (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät) erhielt unstimmige Daten vom ECM/PCM. Motorlast, Kraftstoffrate oder Temperaturdaten, die der Sensor für die interne Kompensation benötigt, bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht; der Sensor meldet beeinträchtigte Messwerte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_a",
        "ecm_pcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM/PCM internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner ECM-/PCM-Fehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05A2",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor B Received Invalid Data From ECM/PCM",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor B erhielt ungültige Daten vom ECM/PCM"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor B (smart sensor with own ECU) received implausible data from the ECM/PCM. Engine load, fuel rate or temperature data needed for the sensor's internal compensation fails plausibility checks; the sensor reports degraded readings.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor B (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät) erhielt unstimmige Daten vom ECM/PCM. Motorlast, Kraftstoffrate oder Temperaturdaten, die der Sensor für die interne Kompensation benötigt, bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht; der Sensor meldet beeinträchtigte Messwerte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_b",
        "ecm_pcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM/PCM internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner ECM-/PCM-Fehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05A3",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Reductant Quality Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom AdBlue-Qualitäts-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the reductant (DEF/AdBlue) quality sensor module. Concentration values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom AdBlue-Qualitätssensor-Modul. Konzentrationswerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_quality_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05A4",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Particulate Matter Sensor Received Invalid Data From ECM/PCM",
        "de": "Partikelsensor erhielt ungültige Daten vom ECM/PCM"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The particulate matter (PM) sensor (smart sensor with own ECU) received implausible data from the ECM/PCM. Engine load, exhaust temperature or DPF state data needed for compensation fails plausibility checks; PM readings are degraded.",
        "de": "Der Partikelsensor (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät) erhielt unstimmige Daten vom ECM/PCM. Motorlast, Abgastemperatur oder DPF-Status-Daten, die zur Kompensation benötigt werden, bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht; PM-Messwerte sind beeinträchtigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "pm_sensor",
        "ecm_pcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM/PCM internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner ECM-/PCM-Fehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05A5",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From NH3 Sensor",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom NH3-Sensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the ammonia (NH3) slip sensor downstream of the SCR. Concentration values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom NH3-Schlupfsensor hinter dem SCR. Konzentrationswerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nh3_sensor"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05A6",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Reductant Heater Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom AdBlue-Heizungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the reductant heater module. Heater current/voltage or temperature values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom AdBlue-Heizungs-Steuergerät. Heizstrom/-spannung oder Temperatur bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_heater_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05A7",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Safety Integration Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Safety-Integration-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the safety integration module that arbitrates between ADAS, restraint, brake and steering systems. Cross-system safety status values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Safety-Integration-Steuergerät, das zwischen ADAS, Rückhaltesystem, Bremse und Lenkung koordiniert. Übergreifende Sicherheits-Status-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "safety_integration_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver-assistance_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05A8",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From NOx Sensor C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom NOx-Sensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from NOx sensor C (smart sensor with own ECU). NOx concentration or pumping current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom NOx-Sensor C (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät). NOx-Konzentration oder Pumpstrom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          350,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05A9",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "NOx Sensor C Received Invalid Data From ECM/PCM",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor C erhielt ungültige Daten vom ECM/PCM"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "NOx sensor C (smart sensor with own ECU) received implausible data from the ECM/PCM. Engine load, fuel rate or temperature data needed for the sensor's internal compensation fails plausibility checks; the sensor reports degraded readings.",
        "de": "NOx-Sensor C (smarter Sensor mit eigenem Steuergerät) erhielt unstimmige Daten vom ECM/PCM. Motorlast, Kraftstoffrate oder Temperaturdaten, die der Sensor für die interne Kompensation benötigt, bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht; der Sensor meldet beeinträchtigte Messwerte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "nox_sensor_c",
        "ecm_pcm"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "ECM/PCM internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner ECM-/PCM-Fehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05AA",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Charge Air Cooler Coolant Pump",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten von der Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the charge air cooler (intercooler) coolant pump. Pump speed or flow values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten von der Ladeluftkühler-Kühlmittelpumpe. Pumpendrehzahl oder Volumenstrom bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_coolant_pump"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05AB",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Engine Disconnect Clutch",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten von der Motor-Trennkupplung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the hybrid engine disconnect clutch actuator. Position or pressure values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten von der Hybrid-Trennkupplungs-Steuerung. Position oder Druck bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_actuator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05AC",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Vehicle Thermal Management Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fahrzeug-Thermomanagement-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the vehicle thermal management module. Coolant loop coordination values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; sub-modules may revert to local control.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fahrzeug-Thermomanagement-Steuergerät. Kühlkreis-Koordinations-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Untergeräte können auf lokale Regelung zurückfallen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "thermal_management_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05B2",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Comfort and Convenience Display A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten von der Komfort-/Convenience-Anzeige A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from comfort and convenience display A. Display state or input values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten von der Komfort-/Convenience-Anzeige A. Display-Status oder Eingabewerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "comfort_display_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05B3",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Comfort and Convenience Display B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten von der Komfort-/Convenience-Anzeige B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from comfort and convenience display B. Display state or input values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten von der Komfort-/Convenience-Anzeige B. Display-Status oder Eingabewerte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "comfort_display_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05B4",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Driver Monitoring System Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Fahrer-Beobachtungs-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the driver monitoring system (DMS) module. Eye/head-pose tracking values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; ADAS handover features may be inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Fahrer-Beobachtungs-Modul (DMS). Augen-/Kopfposen-Erfassung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; ADAS-Übergabe-Funktionen können deaktiviert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "driver_monitoring_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver_drowsiness_detection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05B5",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Front Radar Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom vorderen Radar-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from front radar module A. Distance/closing-speed values fail plausibility checks against camera/lidar and are rejected; ACC, AEB and FCW degrade.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom vorderen Radar-Modul A. Abstand-/Geschwindigkeits-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Kamera/Lidar nicht und werden verworfen; ACC, AEB und FCW werden eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_radar_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05B6",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Front Radar Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom vorderen Radar-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from front radar module B. Distance/closing-speed values fail plausibility checks against camera/lidar and are rejected; ACC, AEB and FCW degrade.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom vorderen Radar-Modul B. Abstand-/Geschwindigkeits-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen gegen Kamera/Lidar nicht und werden verworfen; ACC, AEB und FCW werden eingeschränkt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "front_radar_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_cruise_control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05B7",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Rear Radar Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Radar-Modul A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from rear radar module A. Distance/azimuth values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; blind-spot warning and rear cross-traffic alert are inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Radar-Modul A. Abstand-/Azimut-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Toter-Winkel-Warnung und Querverkehrswarnung hinten werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_radar_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05B8",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Rear Radar Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Radar-Modul B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from rear radar module B. Distance/azimuth values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; blind-spot warning and rear cross-traffic alert are inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Radar-Modul B. Abstand-/Azimut-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Toter-Winkel-Warnung und Querverkehrswarnung hinten werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_radar_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05B9",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Rear Radar Module C",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Radar-Modul C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from rear radar module C. Distance/azimuth values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; blind-spot warning and rear cross-traffic alert are inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Radar-Modul C. Abstand-/Azimut-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Toter-Winkel-Warnung und Querverkehrswarnung hinten werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_radar_module_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05BA",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Rear Radar Module D",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom hinteren Radar-Modul D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from rear radar module D. Distance/azimuth values fail plausibility checks and are rejected; blind-spot warning and rear cross-traffic alert are inhibited.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom hinteren Radar-Modul D. Abstand-/Azimut-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen; Toter-Winkel-Warnung und Querverkehrswarnung hinten werden deaktiviert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_radar_module_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_spot_monitor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05BD",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Localization and Mapping Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Lokalisierungs-/Karten-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the localization and mapping module (HD map / SLAM ECU). Position or map-attribute values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Lokalisierungs-/Karten-Modul (HD-Map/SLAM-Steuergerät). Position oder Karten-Attribute bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "localization_mapping_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneous_localization_and_mapping"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05BE",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Night Vision Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Nachtsicht-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the night vision module. Infrared image stream or pedestrian detection values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Nachtsicht-Steuergerät. Infrarot-Bildstrom oder Fußgänger-Erkennung bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "night_vision_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_night_vision"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05BF",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Trailer Backup Assist Control Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Anhänger-Rückfahr-Assistenten-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the trailer backup assist module. Hitch angle or trajectory values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Anhänger-Rückfahr-Assistenten-Steuergerät. Knickwinkel oder Bahnplanungs-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trailer_backup_assist_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_brake_controller"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05C0",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Interior Lighting Control Module B",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Innenlicht-Steuergerät B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from interior lighting control module B. Ambient lighting zone, reading lamp or door courtesy light commands fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Innenlicht-Steuergerät B. Ambiente-Licht-Zonen, Leselampen oder Türeinstiegsleuchten bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "interior_lighting_module_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_lighting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U05C1",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data Received From Active Radiator Air Flow Control Module A",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom aktiven Kühler-Luftstrom-Steuergerät A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from active radiator air flow control module A. Active grille shutter or fan staging values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom aktiven Kühler-Luftstrom-Steuergerät A. Kühlergrill-Klappen oder Lüfter-Staging-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_radiator_airflow_module_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_grille_shutter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0600",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Memory Reset",
        "de": "Internes Steuergerät-Speicher-Reset"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module reports that its non-volatile memory has been reset (lost adaptions, lost coding, lost trip counters). Often appears after battery disconnects, voltage drops below operating limit, or module reflashes.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät meldet, dass sein nichtflüchtiger Speicher zurückgesetzt wurde (verlorene Adaptionen, verlorene Codierung, zurückgesetzte Zähler). Tritt oft nach Batterie-Abklemmen, Spannungseinbrüchen unter die Betriebsgrenze oder Modul-Flashing auf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "battery_disconnect",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery disconnected or low voltage event",
            "de": "Batterie abgeklemmt oder Unterspannungsereignis"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_reflash",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module reflash or coding change",
            "de": "Modul-Flash oder Codieränderung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          0,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.1,
          1
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0601",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Internal Control Module Software Incompatibility",
        "de": "Interne Steuergerät-Software-Inkompatibilität"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A control module has detected that its own internal software version is inconsistent — for example a partial flash that left the module with mismatched calibration and program code. The module may go offline or operate in a fallback mode.",
        "de": "Ein Steuergerät hat erkannt, dass seine eigene interne Software inkonsistent ist — zum Beispiel ein Teil-Flash, der das Modul mit nicht zusammenpassender Kalibrierung und Programmcode hinterlassen hat. Das Modul geht eventuell offline oder läuft im Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "incomplete_flash",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Incomplete or interrupted module flash",
            "de": "Unvollständiges oder unterbrochenes Modul-Flash"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "corrupted_calibration",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Corrupted calibration block",
            "de": "Beschädigter Kalibrierungsblock"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0602",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Partikelfilter-Drucksensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart particulate filter (DPF) differential pressure sensor B. The ECM cannot read soot loading via this channel and may switch to a model-based estimate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten DPF-Differenzdrucksensor B. Das ECM kann die Rußbeladung über diesen Kanal nicht lesen und wechselt ggf. auf eine modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0603",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Pressure Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kraftstoffdrucksensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart fuel pressure sensor A (typically common-rail or low-pressure side). The ECM loses its actual rail-pressure feedback for closed-loop control.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kraftstoffdrucksensor A (meist Common-Rail oder Niederdruckseite). Das ECM verliert die Ist-Druck-Rückmeldung für die Regelschleife."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0604",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Pressure Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kraftstoffdrucksensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart fuel pressure sensor B (typically common-rail or low-pressure side). The ECM loses its actual rail-pressure feedback for closed-loop control.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kraftstoffdrucksensor B (meist Common-Rail oder Niederdruckseite). Das ECM verliert die Ist-Druck-Rückmeldung für die Regelschleife."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_pressure_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0605",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Refrigerant Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kältemittel-Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart A/C refrigerant sensor A. Pressure or composition feedback for the refrigeration loop is unavailable; A/C may default to off.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kältemittel-Sensor A. Druck- oder Zusammensetzungs-Rückmeldung des Kältekreislaufs fehlt; die Klimaanlage kann sich abschalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0606",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart throttle/pedal position sensor A. The ECM loses one of the redundant pedal channels and reverts to a fail-safe pedal map.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor A. Das ECM verliert einen der redundanten Pedalkanäle und wechselt in eine Notlauf-Pedalkennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_pedal_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0607",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart throttle/pedal position sensor B. The ECM loses one of the redundant pedal channels and reverts to a fail-safe pedal map.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor B. Das ECM verliert einen der redundanten Pedalkanäle und wechselt in eine Notlauf-Pedalkennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_pedal_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0608",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart throttle/pedal position sensor C. The ECM loses one of the redundant pedal channels and reverts to a fail-safe pedal map.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor C. Das ECM verliert einen der redundanten Pedalkanäle und wechselt in eine Notlauf-Pedalkennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_pedal_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0609",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Saugrohr-/Umgebungsdruck-Sensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart MAP/BARO sensor. Without these inputs, ECM load and altitude correction switch to fallback values.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten MAP-/BARO-Sensor. Ohne diese Werte wechseln Last- und Höhenkorrektur auf Ersatzwerte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_baro_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U060A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Saugrohrdruck-Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart MAP sensor B. Engine load calculation switches to a fallback model based on MAF and RPM.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten MAP-Sensor B. Die Motorlastberechnung wechselt auf ein Ersatzmodell aus MAF und Drehzahl."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "map_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U060B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ladedrucksensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart boost pressure sensor A. The boost-control loop loses its actual feedback and reverts to an open-loop fallback that limits boost.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Ladedrucksensor A. Die Ladedruckregelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung und wechselt in einen offenen Notlauf mit Druckbegrenzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U060C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ladedrucksensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart boost pressure sensor B. The boost-control loop loses its actual feedback and reverts to an open-loop fallback that limits boost.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Ladedrucksensor B. Die Ladedruckregelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung und wechselt in einen offenen Notlauf mit Druckbegrenzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U060D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ladedrucksensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart boost pressure sensor C. The boost-control loop loses its actual feedback and reverts to an open-loop fallback that limits boost.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Ladedrucksensor C. Die Ladedruckregelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung und wechselt in einen offenen Notlauf mit Druckbegrenzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_pressure_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U060E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Crankcase Pressure Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kurbelgehäusedruck-Sensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart crankcase pressure sensor. PCV/blow-by monitoring cannot be evaluated and the related emission monitor cannot run.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kurbelgehäusedruck-Sensor. PCV-/Blowby-Überwachung kann nicht ausgewertet werden und der zugehörige Emissions-Monitor läuft nicht."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "crankcase_pressure_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U060F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Mass or Volume Air Flow Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Luftmassen-/Volumenstrom-Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart MAF/MVF sensor A. Air-mass calculation switches to a fallback model from MAP, RPM and IAT.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten MAF-/MVF-Sensor A. Die Luftmassen-Berechnung wechselt auf ein Ersatzmodell aus MAP, Drehzahl und Ansauglufttemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "maf_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0610",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Mass or Volume Air Flow Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Luftmassen-/Volumenstrom-Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart MAF/MVF sensor B. Air-mass calculation switches to a fallback model from MAP, RPM and IAT.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten MAF-/MVF-Sensor B. Die Luftmassen-Berechnung wechselt auf ein Ersatzmodell aus MAP, Drehzahl und Ansauglufttemperatur."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "maf_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0611",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Bank 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1 Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart IAT sensor 1 on bank 1. Charge-air density correction reverts to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1 Bank 1. Die Ladeluftdichte-Korrektur wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_1_bank_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_air_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0612",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Bank 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1 Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart IAT sensor 1 on bank 2. Charge-air density correction reverts to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Ansauglufttemperatursensor 1 Bank 2. Die Ladeluftdichte-Korrektur wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_1_bank_2",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_air_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0613",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Bank 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart IAT sensor 2 on bank 1 (typically post-intercooler). Charge-air density correction reverts to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Bank 1 (meist nach Ladeluftkühler). Die Ladeluftdichte-Korrektur wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2_bank_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_air_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0614",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Intake Air Temperature Sensor 2 Bank 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart IAT sensor 2 on bank 2 (typically post-intercooler). Charge-air density correction reverts to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Ansauglufttemperatursensor 2 Bank 2 (meist nach Ladeluftkühler). Die Ladeluftdichte-Korrektur wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "iat_sensor_2_bank_2",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intake_air_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0615",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Coolant Bypass Valve A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kühlmittel-Bypassventil A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine coolant bypass valve A. Bypass switching for thermal management cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kühlmittel-Bypassventil A. Bypass-Umschaltung für das Thermomanagement kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0616",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Coolant Bypass Valve B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kühlmittel-Bypassventil B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine coolant bypass valve B. Bypass switching for thermal management cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kühlmittel-Bypassventil B. Bypass-Umschaltung für das Thermomanagement kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0617",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Coolant Bypass Valve C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kühlmittel-Bypassventil C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine coolant bypass valve C. Bypass switching for thermal management cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kühlmittel-Bypassventil C. Bypass-Umschaltung für das Thermomanagement kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0618",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Coolant Bypass Valve D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kühlmittel-Bypassventil D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine coolant bypass valve D. Bypass switching for thermal management cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kühlmittel-Bypassventil D. Bypass-Umschaltung für das Thermomanagement kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0619",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Reductant Level Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AdBlue-Füllstandsensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart reductant (DEF/AdBlue) level sensor A. Tank-level monitoring switches to a substitute model; refill warnings may be incorrect.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AdBlue-Füllstandsensor A. Die Tankfüllstandsüberwachung wechselt auf ein Ersatzmodell; Nachfüll-Warnungen können fehlerhaft sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U061A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Reductant Level Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AdBlue-Füllstandsensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart reductant (DEF/AdBlue) level sensor B. Tank-level monitoring switches to a substitute model; refill warnings may be incorrect.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AdBlue-Füllstandsensor B. Die Tankfüllstandsüberwachung wechselt auf ein Ersatzmodell; Nachfüll-Warnungen können fehlerhaft sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U061B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Reductant Level Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AdBlue-Füllstandsensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart reductant (DEF/AdBlue) level sensor C. Tank-level monitoring switches to a substitute model; refill warnings may be incorrect.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AdBlue-Füllstandsensor C. Die Tankfüllstandsüberwachung wechselt auf ein Ersatzmodell; Nachfüll-Warnungen können fehlerhaft sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_level_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U061C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Reductant Temperature Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AdBlue-Temperatursensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart reductant (DEF/AdBlue) temperature sensor A. Heater control and freeze protection lose their primary feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AdBlue-Temperatursensor A. Heizungssteuerung und Frostschutz verlieren ihre primäre Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temp_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U061D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Reductant Temperature Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AdBlue-Temperatursensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart reductant (DEF/AdBlue) temperature sensor B. Heater control and freeze protection lose their primary feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AdBlue-Temperatursensor B. Heizungssteuerung und Frostschutz verlieren ihre primäre Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_temp_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U061E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Battery Isolation/Voltage Stabilization Control Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Batterietrenn-/Spannungsstabilisierungs-Steuergerät"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the battery isolation / voltage stabilization module (typical in start/stop systems). Cranking voltage stabilization and second-battery switching cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Batterietrenn-/Spannungsstabilisierungs-Steuergerät (typisch in Start/Stop-Systemen). Spannungsstabilisierung beim Anlassen und Zweitbatterie-Umschaltung können nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery_isolation_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-stop_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U061F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgastemperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust gas temperature sensor bank 1 sensor 1 (typically pre-cat). Catalyst protection and DPF regeneration logic switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgastemperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 1 (meist vor Kat). Katalysator-Schutz und DPF-Regenerationslogik wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_bank_1_sensor_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0620",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgastemperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust gas temperature sensor bank 1 sensor 2 (typically post-cat). Catalyst protection and DPF regeneration logic switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgastemperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 2 (meist nach Kat). Katalysator-Schutz und DPF-Regenerationslogik wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_bank_1_sensor_2",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0621",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgastemperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust gas temperature sensor bank 2 sensor 1 (typically pre-cat). Catalyst protection and DPF regeneration logic switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgastemperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 1 (meist vor Kat). Katalysator-Schutz und DPF-Regenerationslogik wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_bank_2_sensor_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0622",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgastemperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust gas temperature sensor bank 2 sensor 2 (typically post-cat). Catalyst protection and DPF regeneration logic switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgastemperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 2 (meist nach Kat). Katalysator-Schutz und DPF-Regenerationslogik wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_bank_2_sensor_2",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0623",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Coolant Pump A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühlmittelpumpe A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart coolant pump A (electric water pump). Pump speed cannot be commanded; coolant flow falls back to a default duty.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Kühlmittelpumpe A (elektrische Wasserpumpe). Pumpendrehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlmittelstrom fällt auf eine Default-PWM zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0624",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Coolant Pump B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühlmittelpumpe B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart coolant pump B (electric water pump). Pump speed cannot be commanded; coolant flow falls back to a default duty.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Kühlmittelpumpe B (elektrische Wasserpumpe). Pumpendrehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlmittelstrom fällt auf eine Default-PWM zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0625",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Bank 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart fuel rail pressure sensor on bank 1. The high-pressure fuel control loop loses its actual feedback; injection switches to a fail-safe map.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Bank 1. Die Hochdruck-Regelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung; die Einspritzung wechselt in ein Notlauf-Kennfeld."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor_bank_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0626",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kältemittel-Drucksensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart A/C refrigerant pressure sensor A. Compressor cycling and high/low pressure protection cannot use this input.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kältemittel-Drucksensor A. Kompressor-Taktung und Hoch-/Niederdruck-Schutz können diesen Eingang nicht nutzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_pressure_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0627",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart A/C refrigerant temperature sensor A. Superheat / subcool calculation switches to a substitute model.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kältemittel-Temperatursensor A. Überhitzungs-/Unterkühlungs-Berechnung wechselt auf ein Ersatzmodell."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0628",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Refrigerant Pressure Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kältemittel-Drucksensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart A/C refrigerant pressure sensor B. Compressor cycling and high/low pressure protection cannot use this input.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kältemittel-Drucksensor B. Kompressor-Taktung und Hoch-/Niederdruck-Schutz können diesen Eingang nicht nutzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_pressure_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0629",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Refrigerant Temperature Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart A/C refrigerant temperature sensor B. Superheat / subcool calculation switches to a substitute model.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kältemittel-Temperatursensor B. Überhitzungs-/Unterkühlungs-Berechnung wechselt auf ein Ersatzmodell."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_refrigerant_temp_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U062A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve Actuator A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kältemittel-Verteilventil-Aktor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart A/C refrigerant distribution valve actuator A. Routing of refrigerant between cabin / battery / power-electronics chillers cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kältemittel-Verteilventil-Aktor A. Verteilung des Kältemittels zwischen Innenraum / Batterie / Leistungselektronik-Chiller kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_distribution_valve_actuator_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U062B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve Actuator B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kältemittel-Verteilventil-Aktor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart A/C refrigerant distribution valve actuator B. Routing of refrigerant between cabin / battery / power-electronics chillers cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kältemittel-Verteilventil-Aktor B. Verteilung des Kältemittels zwischen Innenraum / Batterie / Leistungselektronik-Chiller kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_distribution_valve_actuator_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U062C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve Actuator C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kältemittel-Verteilventil-Aktor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart A/C refrigerant distribution valve actuator C. Routing of refrigerant between cabin / battery / power-electronics chillers cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kältemittel-Verteilventil-Aktor C. Verteilung des Kältemittels zwischen Innenraum / Batterie / Leistungselektronik-Chiller kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_distribution_valve_actuator_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U062D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Refrigerant Distribution Valve Actuator D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kältemittel-Verteilventil-Aktor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart A/C refrigerant distribution valve actuator D. Routing of refrigerant between cabin / battery / power-electronics chillers cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kältemittel-Verteilventil-Aktor D. Verteilung des Kältemittels zwischen Innenraum / Batterie / Leistungselektronik-Chiller kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_distribution_valve_actuator_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U062E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With A/C Refrigerant Expansion Valve Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kältemittel-Expansionsventil-Aktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart A/C refrigerant expansion valve actuator (electronic expansion valve, EXV). Refrigerant flow into the evaporator cannot be modulated.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kältemittel-Expansionsventil-Aktor (elektronisches Expansionsventil, EXV). Der Kältemittelstrom in den Verdampfer kann nicht moduliert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ac_expansion_valve_actuator",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion_valve"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U062F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Coolant Pump C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühlmittelpumpe C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart coolant pump C (electric water pump). Pump speed cannot be commanded; coolant flow falls back to a default duty.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Kühlmittelpumpe C (elektrische Wasserpumpe). Pumpendrehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlmittelstrom fällt auf eine Default-PWM zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0630",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 4",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Motor-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine coolant temperature sensor 4. Thermal management loses one of its temperature inputs and may use a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Motor-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 4. Das Thermomanagement verliert eine Temperatur-Eingabe und kann einen Ersatzwert nutzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor_4",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0631",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 5",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Motor-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 5"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine coolant temperature sensor 5. Thermal management loses one of its temperature inputs and may use a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Motor-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 5. Das Thermomanagement verliert eine Temperatur-Eingabe und kann einen Ersatzwert nutzen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ect_sensor_5",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_coolant_temperature_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0632",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fan 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lüfter 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart cooling fan 1 (PWM brushless fan with own controller). Fan speed cannot be commanded; cooling falls back to default operation.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kühlerlüfter 1 (PWM-Bürstenlos-Lüfter mit eigenem Controller). Lüfter-Drehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlung läuft im Default."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0633",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fan 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lüfter 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart cooling fan 2 (PWM brushless fan with own controller). Fan speed cannot be commanded; cooling falls back to default operation.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kühlerlüfter 2 (PWM-Bürstenlos-Lüfter mit eigenem Controller). Lüfter-Drehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlung läuft im Default."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_2",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0634",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Batterie-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV battery pack coolant temperature sensor A. Battery cooling and charge/discharge limits switch to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HV-Batterie-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor A. Batteriekühlung und Lade-/Entladegrenzen wechseln auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0635",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Temperature Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Batterie-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV battery pack coolant temperature sensor B. Battery cooling and charge/discharge limits switch to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HV-Batterie-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor B. Batteriekühlung und Lade-/Entladegrenzen wechseln auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0636",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Batterie-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV battery pack coolant control valve A. Coolant routing for the battery cooling loop cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HV-Batterie-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil A. Kühlmittel-Routing im Batteriekühlkreis kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_coolant_valve_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0637",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Control Valve B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Batterie-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV battery pack coolant control valve B. Coolant routing for the battery cooling loop cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HV-Batterie-Kühlmittel-Steuerventil B. Kühlmittel-Routing im Batteriekühlkreis kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_coolant_valve_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0638",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV power-electronics coolant temperature sensor A. Inverter/DC-DC cooling switches to a substitute value; derating may follow.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HV-Leistungselektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor A. Wechselrichter-/DC-DC-Kühlung wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert; Leistungs-Reduktion möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0639",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV power-electronics coolant temperature sensor B. Inverter/DC-DC cooling switches to a substitute value; derating may follow.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HV-Leistungselektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor B. Wechselrichter-/DC-DC-Kühlung wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert; Leistungs-Reduktion möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U063A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Temperature Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Elektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV power-electronics coolant temperature sensor C. Inverter/DC-DC cooling switches to a substitute value; derating may follow.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HV-Leistungselektronik-Kühlmitteltemperatursensor C. Wechselrichter-/DC-DC-Kühlung wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert; Leistungs-Reduktion möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_electronics_coolant_temp_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U063B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Coolant Bypass Valve Actuator A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kühlmittel-Bypassventil-Aktor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart coolant bypass valve actuator A. Coolant routing for thermal management cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kühlmittel-Bypassventil-Aktor A. Kühlmittel-Routing für das Thermomanagement kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_actuator_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U063C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Coolant Bypass Valve Actuator B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kühlmittel-Bypassventil-Aktor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart coolant bypass valve actuator B. Coolant routing for thermal management cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kühlmittel-Bypassventil-Aktor B. Kühlmittel-Routing für das Thermomanagement kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_bypass_valve_actuator_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U063D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Electronics Coolant Pump A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur HV-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV power-electronics coolant pump A. Inverter and DC/DC cooling cannot be commanded; derating may follow.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Kühlmittelpumpe A der HV-Leistungselektronik. Wechselrichter- und DC/DC-Kühlung können nicht angefordert werden; Leistungs-Reduktion möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U063E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve Actuator A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgaswärmetauscher-Bypassventil-Aktor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust heat exchanger bypass valve actuator A. Exhaust-heat recovery cannot be commanded; cabin/coolant warm-up may slow down.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgaswärmetauscher-Bypassventil-Aktor A. Abgaswärme-Rückgewinnung kann nicht angefordert werden; Innenraum-/Kühlmittel-Erwärmung kann verzögert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_heat_exchanger_bypass_actuator_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_recovery_ventilation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U063F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Coolant Flow Control Valve Position Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Positionssensor des Kühlmittel-Stromregelventils"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine coolant flow control valve position sensor. Closed-loop control of the flow valve loses its actual feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Positionssensor des Kühlmittel-Stromregelventils. Die Regelschleife des Stromventils verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_flow_valve_position_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0640",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EVAP Fuel Vapor Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum EVAP-Kraftstoffdampf-Temperatursensor-Kreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EVAP fuel vapor temperature sensor. Tank-vapor temperature compensation for the EVAP system is unavailable.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten EVAP-Kraftstoffdampf-Temperatursensor. Die Temperatur-Kompensation des EVAP-Systems ist nicht verfügbar."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_vapor_temp_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0641",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EVAP System Pressure Sensor/Switch Circuit A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum EVAP-Druck-Sensor/Schalter A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EVAP system pressure sensor / switch A. Tank-pressure-based leak detection cannot run on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten EVAP-Druck-Sensor/Schalter A. Tankdruck-basierte Leckdiagnose kann auf diesem Kanal nicht laufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0642",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EVAP System Pressure Sensor/Switch Circuit B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum EVAP-Druck-Sensor/Schalter B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EVAP system pressure sensor / switch B. Tank-pressure-based leak detection cannot run on this channel.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten EVAP-Druck-Sensor/Schalter B. Tankdruck-basierte Leckdiagnose kann auf diesem Kanal nicht laufen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "evap_pressure_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard_refueling_vapor_recovery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0643",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger A Temperature Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Turbolader-A-Temperatursensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart turbocharger A temperature sensor. Turbo overheat protection switches to a model-based estimate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Turbolader-A-Temperatursensor. Der Turbo-Überhitzungsschutz wechselt auf eine modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_a_temp_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0644",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Wastegate Position Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Wastegate-Positionssensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart wastegate position sensor A. Closed-loop wastegate control loses its actual feedback; boost falls back to an open-loop fail-safe.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Wastegate-Positionssensor A. Die Wastegate-Regelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung; Ladedruck fällt in einen offenen Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0645",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Active Air Dam Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum aktiven Luftleitwand-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart active air dam module. The lower-front aero spoiler stays in its default position; aerodynamic drag and front-end cooling can change.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Aktiv-Luftleitwand-Modul. Der ausfahrbare Frontspoiler bleibt in der Default-Position; Luftwiderstand und Frontkühlung können sich ändern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "active_air_dam_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_dam"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0646",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Motor Electronics Coolant Pump A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart motor electronics coolant pump A. Cooling for the drive motor inverter cannot be commanded; derating may follow.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe A. Kühlung des Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichters kann nicht angefordert werden; Leistungs-Reduktion möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0647",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Motor Electronics Coolant Pump B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart motor electronics coolant pump B. Cooling for the drive motor inverter cannot be commanded; derating may follow.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe B. Kühlung des Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichters kann nicht angefordert werden; Leistungs-Reduktion möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0648",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Motor Electronics Coolant Pump C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart motor electronics coolant pump C. Cooling for the drive motor inverter cannot be commanded; derating may follow.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Motor-Elektronik-Kühlmittelpumpe C. Kühlung des Antriebsmotor-Wechselrichters kann nicht angefordert werden; Leistungs-Reduktion möglich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "motor_electronics_coolant_pump_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0649",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Coolant Pump D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühlmittelpumpe D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart coolant pump D (electric water pump). Pump speed cannot be commanded; coolant flow falls back to a default duty.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Kühlmittelpumpe D (elektrische Wasserpumpe). Pumpendrehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlmittelstrom fällt auf eine Default-PWM zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U064A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Batterie-Stromsensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV battery pack current sensor A. SoC and charge/discharge current limits switch to a substitute model.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HV-Batterie-Stromsensor A. SoC- und Lade-/Entladestrom-Grenzen wechseln auf ein Ersatzmodell."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_current_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U064B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Batterie-Stromsensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV battery pack current sensor B. SoC and charge/discharge current limits switch to a substitute model.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HV-Batterie-Stromsensor B. SoC- und Lade-/Entladestrom-Grenzen wechseln auf ein Ersatzmodell."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_current_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U064C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Current Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum HV-Batterie-Stromsensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV battery pack current sensor C. SoC and charge/discharge current limits switch to a substitute model.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HV-Batterie-Stromsensor C. SoC- und Lade-/Entladestrom-Grenzen wechseln auf ein Ersatzmodell."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_current_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U064D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Trailer Brake Control Switch",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Anhänger-Brems-Steuerschalter"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart trailer brake control switch. The driver-adjustable trailer brake gain input is unavailable; trailer braking falls back to default behaviour.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Anhänger-Brems-Steuerschalter. Die fahrer-einstellbare Anhängerbrems-Verstärkung fehlt; Anhängerbremsung wechselt in Default-Verhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "trailer_brake_control_switch",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_brake_controller"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U064E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EGR Cooler Bypass Position Sensor Bank 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AGR-Kühler-Bypass-Positionssensor Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EGR cooler bypass position sensor on bank 1. EGR cooling switching cannot be verified; emissions strategy may revert to fully cooled mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AGR-Kühler-Bypass-Positionssensor Bank 1. AGR-Kühl-Umschaltung kann nicht verifiziert werden; Emissions-Strategie wechselt ggf. auf vollständig gekühlten Modus."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_cooler_bypass_position_sensor_bank_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U064F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Intake Manifold Runner Position Sensor Bank 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Saugrohr-Klappen-Positionssensor Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart intake manifold runner position sensor on bank 1. Variable runner control loses its actual feedback; combustion may revert to a default runner setting.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Saugrohr-Klappen-Positionssensor Bank 1. Variable Saugrohrsteuerung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung; die Verbrennung wechselt ggf. auf eine Default-Klappenstellung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "intake_runner_position_sensor_bank_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0650",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Pressure Control Valve A Sensor/Switch",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgasdruck-Regelventil-Sensor/Schalter A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust pressure control valve A position sensor/switch (typically used for exhaust brake or DPF regeneration). Closed-loop control loses its feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Positionssensor/Schalter des Abgasdruck-Regelventils A (meist für Motorbremse oder DPF-Regeneration). Die Regelschleife verliert die Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_valve_a_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0651",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EGR Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AGR-Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EGR sensor A (position or flow). EGR closed-loop control loses its actual feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AGR-Sensor A (Position oder Massenstrom). Die AGR-Regelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0652",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EGR Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AGR-Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EGR sensor B (position or flow). EGR closed-loop control loses its actual feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AGR-Sensor B (Position oder Massenstrom). Die AGR-Regelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0653",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EGR Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AGR-Sensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EGR sensor C (position or flow). EGR closed-loop control loses its actual feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AGR-Sensor C (Position oder Massenstrom). Die AGR-Regelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0654",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Diesel Intake Air Flow A Position Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Dieselansaugluft-Drosselklappensensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart diesel intake air flow control valve A position sensor (intake throttle / swirl flap). Closed-loop control loses its feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Positionssensor des Dieselansaugluft-Steuerventils A (Drosselklappe / Drallklappe). Die Regelschleife verliert die Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_airflow_position_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0655",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Diesel Intake Air Flow B Position Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Dieselansaugluft-Drosselklappensensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart diesel intake air flow control valve B position sensor (intake throttle / swirl flap). Closed-loop control loses its feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Positionssensor des Dieselansaugluft-Steuerventils B (Drosselklappe / Drallklappe). Die Regelschleife verliert die Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "diesel_intake_airflow_position_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet_manifold"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0656",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Boost Control A Position Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ladedruckregelung-A-Positionssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart boost control A position sensor (electric wastegate / VTG actuator position). Closed-loop boost control loses its actual feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Lagensensor der Ladedruckregelung A (elektrisches Wastegate / VTG-Steller-Position). Die Ladedruckregelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "boost_control_a_position_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0657",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve A Position Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Turbo-Bypassventil-A-Positionssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart turbocharger bypass valve A position sensor (compressor recirculation/blow-off valve position). Closed-loop control loses its actual feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Positionssensor des Turbo-Bypassventils A (Schubumluftventil-Position). Die Regelschleife verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_a_position_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0658",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Windshield Temperature Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Windschutzscheiben-Temperatursensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart windshield temperature sensor (used for defog/defrost strategy and rain/light combo modules). Auto-climate strategy loses one of its inputs.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Windschutzscheiben-Temperatursensor (für Beschlag-/Enteisungsstrategie und Regen-/Licht-Kombimodule). Die Automatik-Klima-Strategie verliert einen ihrer Eingänge."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "windshield_temp_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0659",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Left Front Temperature Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum linken vorderen Temperaturklappen-Aktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart left-front HVAC temperature blend door actuator. Driver-side air temperature falls back to a default position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten linken vorderen HVAC-Temperaturklappen-Aktor. Die Lufttemperatur auf der Fahrerseite fällt auf eine Default-Stellung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_temp_actuator",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U065A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Right Front Temperature Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum rechten vorderen Temperaturklappen-Aktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart right-front HVAC temperature blend door actuator. Passenger-side air temperature falls back to a default position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten rechten vorderen HVAC-Temperaturklappen-Aktor. Die Lufttemperatur auf der Beifahrerseite fällt auf eine Default-Stellung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_temp_actuator",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U065B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Left Front Mode Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum linken vorderen Modus-Klappen-Aktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart left-front HVAC mode (vent/floor/defrost) actuator. Air distribution falls back to a default mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten linken vorderen HVAC-Modus-Aktor (Düsen/Fußraum/Defrost). Luftverteilung fällt auf einen Default-Modus zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lf_mode_actuator",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U065C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Right Front Mode Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum rechten vorderen Modus-Klappen-Aktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart right-front HVAC mode (vent/floor/defrost) actuator. Air distribution falls back to a default mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten rechten vorderen HVAC-Modus-Aktor (Düsen/Fußraum/Defrost). Luftverteilung fällt auf einen Default-Modus zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rf_mode_actuator",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U065D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Air Intake Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lufteinlass-Klappen-Aktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HVAC fresh-air / recirculation actuator. Air-intake mode falls back to fresh-air or last-known position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HVAC-Frischluft-/Umluft-Aktor. Luft-Einlass fällt auf Frischluft oder die zuletzt bekannte Stellung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_intake_actuator",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U065E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Ram Air Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Stauluft-Klappen-Aktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HVAC ram-air actuator (high-speed fresh-air bypass flap). Bypass control cannot be commanded; airflow at speed may differ from setpoint.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten HVAC-Stauluft-Aktor (Frischluft-Bypassklappe bei hoher Geschwindigkeit). Die Bypass-Regelung kann nicht angefordert werden; Luftstrom bei Geschwindigkeit kann vom Sollwert abweichen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ram_air_actuator",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U065F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Left Rear Temperature Actuator A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum linken hinteren Temperaturklappen-Aktor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart left-rear HVAC temperature blend door actuator A. Rear-left air temperature falls back to a default position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten linken hinteren HVAC-Temperaturklappen-Aktor A. Lufttemperatur hinten links fällt auf eine Default-Stellung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_temp_actuator_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0660",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Left Rear Temperature Actuator B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum linken hinteren Temperaturklappen-Aktor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart left-rear HVAC temperature blend door actuator B. Rear-left air temperature falls back to a default position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten linken hinteren HVAC-Temperaturklappen-Aktor B. Lufttemperatur hinten links fällt auf eine Default-Stellung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "lr_temp_actuator_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0661",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Right Rear Temperature Actuator A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum rechten hinteren Temperaturklappen-Aktor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart right-rear HVAC temperature blend door actuator A. Rear-right air temperature falls back to a default position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten rechten hinteren HVAC-Temperaturklappen-Aktor A. Lufttemperatur hinten rechts fällt auf eine Default-Stellung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_temp_actuator_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0662",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Right Rear Temperature Actuator B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum rechten hinteren Temperaturklappen-Aktor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart right-rear HVAC temperature blend door actuator B. Rear-right air temperature falls back to a default position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten rechten hinteren HVAC-Temperaturklappen-Aktor B. Lufttemperatur hinten rechts fällt auf eine Default-Stellung zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rr_temp_actuator_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0663",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Rear Mode Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren Modus-Klappen-Aktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart rear HVAC mode (vent/floor/defrost) actuator. Rear air distribution falls back to a default mode.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten hinteren HVAC-Modus-Aktor (Düsen/Fußraum/Defrost). Hintere Luftverteilung fällt auf einen Default-Modus zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_mode_actuator",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0664",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Rear HVAC Air Cutoff Actuator",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum hinteren HVAC-Luft-Absperrklappen-Aktor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart rear HVAC air cutoff actuator (shuts the rear duct entirely off). Cutoff cannot be commanded; rear airflow stays in last-known position.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten hinteren HVAC-Luft-Absperrklappen-Aktor (sperrt den Fond-Luftkanal komplett ab). Absperrung kann nicht angefordert werden; Luftstrom hinten bleibt in der zuletzt bekannten Stellung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rear_hvac_cutoff_actuator",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": false,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0665",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Bank 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart fuel rail pressure sensor on bank 2. The high-pressure fuel control loop loses its actual feedback; injection switches to a fail-safe map.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kraftstoffrail-Drucksensor Bank 2. Die Hochdruck-Regelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung; die Einspritzung wechselt in ein Notlauf-Kennfeld."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_rail_pressure_sensor_bank_2",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0666",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Reductant Pressure Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AdBlue-Drucksensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart reductant (DEF/AdBlue) pressure sensor. Pump pressure feedback for the SCR dosing system is unavailable.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AdBlue-Drucksensor. Pumpendruck-Rückmeldung für die SCR-Dosierung fehlt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "reductant_pressure_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0667",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Oil Temperature Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Motoröltemperatursensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine oil temperature sensor A. Oil-life model and oil-protection logic switch to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Motoröltemperatursensor A. Öl-Lebensdauer-Modell und Öl-Schutz-Logik wechseln auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_temp_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0668",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Oil Level Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Motorölstand-Sensor-Kreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine oil level sensor. Oil-level warnings cannot be issued reliably; refill alerts may be missing.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Motorölstand-Sensor. Ölstand-Warnungen können nicht zuverlässig ausgegeben werden; Nachfüll-Hinweise können ausbleiben."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_oil_level_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0669",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EGR Sensor D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AGR-Sensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EGR sensor D (position or flow). EGR closed-loop control loses its actual feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AGR-Sensor D (Position oder Massenstrom). Die AGR-Regelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U066A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EGR Sensor E",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AGR-Sensor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EGR sensor E (position or flow). EGR closed-loop control loses its actual feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AGR-Sensor E (Position oder Massenstrom). Die AGR-Regelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_sensor_e",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U066B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Bypass Valve B Position Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Turbo-Bypassventil-B-Positionssensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart turbocharger bypass valve B position sensor. Closed-loop control loses its actual feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Positionssensor des Turbo-Bypassventils B. Die Regelschleife verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_bypass_valve_b_position_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U066C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Heat Exchanger Bypass Valve Actuator B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgaswärmetauscher-Bypassventil-Aktor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust heat exchanger bypass valve actuator B. Exhaust-heat recovery cannot be commanded; cabin/coolant warm-up may slow down.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgaswärmetauscher-Bypassventil-Aktor B. Abgaswärme-Rückgewinnung kann nicht angefordert werden; Innenraum-/Kühlmittel-Erwärmung kann verzögert sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_heat_exchanger_bypass_actuator_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_recovery_ventilation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U066D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Bank 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Bank 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart charge air cooler (intercooler) temperature sensor on bank 1. Charge-air density correction switches to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Bank 1. Die Ladeluftdichte-Korrektur wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temp_sensor_bank_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U066E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Charge Air Cooler Temperature Sensor Bank 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Bank 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart charge air cooler (intercooler) temperature sensor on bank 2. Charge-air density correction switches to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Ladeluftkühler-Temperatursensor Bank 2. Die Ladeluftdichte-Korrektur wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_temp_sensor_bank_2",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U066F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Low Pressure Fuel System Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Niederdruck-Kraftstoffsystem-Sensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart low-pressure fuel system sensor. Lift-pump pressure feedback is unavailable; high-pressure pump and injection switch to a fail-safe map.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Niederdruck-Kraftstoffsystem-Sensor. Förderpumpen-Druckrückmeldung fehlt; Hochdruckpumpe und Einspritzung wechseln in ein Notlauf-Kennfeld."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "low_pressure_fuel_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0670",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Temperature Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kraftstofftemperatursensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart fuel temperature sensor A. Density and viscosity correction for injection quantity switches to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kraftstofftemperatursensor A. Dichte- und Viskositäts-Korrektur der Einspritzmenge wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temp_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0671",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Temperature Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kraftstofftemperatursensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart fuel temperature sensor B. Density and viscosity correction for injection quantity switches to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kraftstofftemperatursensor B. Dichte- und Viskositäts-Korrektur der Einspritzmenge wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_temp_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0672",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Coolant Pump",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Motor-Kühlmittelpumpe"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine coolant pump (electric water pump). Pump speed cannot be commanded; coolant flow falls back to a default duty.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Motor-Kühlmittelpumpe (elektrische Wasserpumpe). Pumpendrehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlmittelstrom fällt auf eine Default-PWM zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_coolant_pump",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0673",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Ion Sense Module",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Ionenstrom-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with the ion sense module (used for misfire/knock detection via ionisation current at the spark plug). Per-cylinder feedback is unavailable; misfire monitor falls back to crankshaft-deceleration logic only.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum Ionenstrom-Modul (Misfire-/Klopf-Erkennung über Zündkerzen-Ionisationsstrom). Zylinderspezifische Rückmeldung fehlt; der Misfire-Monitor fällt auf reine Kurbelwellen-Verzögerungs-Logik zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ion_sense_module",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0674",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Wastegate Position Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Wastegate-Positionssensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart wastegate position sensor B. Closed-loop wastegate control loses its actual feedback; boost falls back to an open-loop fail-safe.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Wastegate-Positionssensor B. Die Wastegate-Regelung verliert die Ist-Rückmeldung; Ladedruck fällt in einen offenen Notlauf."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wastegate_position_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0675",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Speed Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Turbolader-Drehzahlsensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart turbocharger speed sensor A. Overspeed protection switches to model-based estimation; boost may be limited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Turbolader-Drehzahlsensor A. Drehzahl-Begrenzungsschutz wechselt auf modellbasierte Schätzung; Ladedruck kann begrenzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_speed_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0676",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Level Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kraftstoff-Füllstandsensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart fuel level sensor A. Tank gauge may freeze and low-fuel warnings may be incorrect.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kraftstoff-Füllstandsensor A. Tankanzeige kann einfrieren und Reserve-Warnungen können falsch sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0677",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Level Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kraftstoff-Füllstandsensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart fuel level sensor B. Tank gauge may freeze and low-fuel warnings may be incorrect.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kraftstoff-Füllstandsensor B. Tankanzeige kann einfrieren und Reserve-Warnungen können falsch sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0678",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fuel Level Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Kraftstoff-Füllstandsensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart fuel level sensor C. Tank gauge may freeze and low-fuel warnings may be incorrect.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kraftstoff-Füllstandsensor C. Tankanzeige kann einfrieren und Reserve-Warnungen können falsch sein."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "fuel_level_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_gauge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0679",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart transmission fluid pressure sensor / switch A. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unavailable; TCM may switch to default shift logic.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter A. Hydraulik-Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung fehlt; TCM kann auf Default-Schaltlogik wechseln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pressure_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U067A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Transmission Fluid Pressure Sensor/Switch B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart transmission fluid pressure sensor / switch B. Hydraulic pressure feedback for shift control is unavailable; TCM may switch to default shift logic.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Getriebeöldruck-Sensor/Schalter B. Hydraulik-Druckrückmeldung für die Schaltsteuerung fehlt; TCM kann auf Default-Schaltlogik wechseln."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "transmission_fluid_pressure_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U067B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Engine Disconnect Clutch Pressure Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Motor-Trennkupplungs-Drucksensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart engine disconnect clutch pressure sensor. Hybrid clutch engagement feedback is unavailable; mode transitions may be rougher.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Motor-Trennkupplungs-Drucksensor. Druckrückmeldung der Hybrid-Trennkupplung fehlt; Modus-Übergänge können ruckartiger werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "engine_disconnect_clutch_pressure_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U067C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fan 3",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lüfter 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart cooling fan 3 (PWM brushless fan with own controller). Fan speed cannot be commanded; cooling falls back to default operation.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kühlerlüfter 3 (PWM-Bürstenlos-Lüfter mit eigenem Controller). Lüfter-Drehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlung läuft im Default."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_3",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U067D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Fan 4",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Lüfter 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart cooling fan 4 (PWM brushless fan with own controller). Fan speed cannot be commanded; cooling falls back to default operation.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Kühlerlüfter 4 (PWM-Bürstenlos-Lüfter mit eigenem Controller). Lüfter-Drehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlung läuft im Default."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cooling_fan_4",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          150,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U067E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Pressure Control Valve B Sensor/Switch",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgasdruck-Regelventil-Sensor/Schalter B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust pressure control valve B position sensor/switch. Closed-loop control loses its feedback.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Positionssensor/Schalter des Abgasdruck-Regelventils B. Die Regelschleife verliert die Rückmeldung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_valve_b_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U067F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Barometric Pressure Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Umgebungsdruck-Sensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart barometric pressure sensor A. Altitude correction for engine fueling and EVAP diagnostics switches to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Umgebungsdruck-Sensor A. Höhen-Korrektur für Gemischbildung und EVAP-Diagnose wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "baro_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0680",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Barometric Pressure Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Umgebungsdruck-Sensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart barometric pressure sensor B. Altitude correction for engine fueling and EVAP diagnostics switches to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Umgebungsdruck-Sensor B. Höhen-Korrektur für Gemischbildung und EVAP-Diagnose wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "baro_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0681",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart throttle/pedal position sensor D. The ECM loses one of the redundant pedal channels and reverts to a fail-safe pedal map.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor D. Das ECM verliert einen der redundanten Pedalkanäle und wechselt in eine Notlauf-Pedalkennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_pedal_sensor_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0682",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch E",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart throttle/pedal position sensor E. The ECM loses one of the redundant pedal channels and reverts to a fail-safe pedal map.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor E. Das ECM verliert einen der redundanten Pedalkanäle und wechselt in eine Notlauf-Pedalkennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_pedal_sensor_e",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0683",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch F",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart throttle/pedal position sensor F. The ECM loses one of the redundant pedal channels and reverts to a fail-safe pedal map.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Drosselklappen-/Pedal-Positionssensor F. Das ECM verliert einen der redundanten Pedalkanäle und wechselt in eine Notlauf-Pedalkennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_pedal_sensor_f",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0684",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Catalyst Temperature Bank 1 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Katalysator-Temperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart catalyst temperature sensor on bank 1 sensor 1. Catalyst protection and light-off monitoring switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Katalysator-Temperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 1. Katalysator-Schutz und Light-Off-Überwachung wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_temp_sensor_bank_1_sensor_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0685",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Catalyst Temperature Bank 1 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Katalysator-Temperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart catalyst temperature sensor on bank 1 sensor 2. Catalyst protection and light-off monitoring switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Katalysator-Temperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 2. Katalysator-Schutz und Light-Off-Überwachung wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_temp_sensor_bank_1_sensor_2",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0686",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Catalyst Temperature Bank 2 Sensor 1",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Katalysator-Temperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 1"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart catalyst temperature sensor on bank 2 sensor 1. Catalyst protection and light-off monitoring switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Katalysator-Temperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 1. Katalysator-Schutz und Light-Off-Überwachung wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_temp_sensor_bank_2_sensor_1",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0687",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Catalyst Temperature Bank 2 Sensor 2",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Katalysator-Temperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 2"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart catalyst temperature sensor on bank 2 sensor 2. Catalyst protection and light-off monitoring switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Katalysator-Temperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 2. Katalysator-Schutz und Light-Off-Überwachung wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "catalyst_temp_sensor_bank_2_sensor_2",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0688",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Throttle Position Sensor/Switch G",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Drosselklappen-Positionssensor G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart throttle position sensor G. The ECM loses one of the redundant throttle channels and reverts to a fail-safe map.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Drosselklappen-Positionssensor G. Das ECM verliert einen der redundanten Drosselkanäle und wechselt in eine Notlauf-Kennlinie."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "throttle_position_sensor_g",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_by_wire"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0689",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger B Temperature Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Turbolader-B-Temperatursensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart turbocharger B temperature sensor. Turbo overheat protection switches to a model-based estimate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Turbolader-B-Temperatursensor. Der Turbo-Überhitzungsschutz wechselt auf eine modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_b_temp_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U068A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Barometric Pressure Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Umgebungsdruck-Sensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart barometric pressure sensor C. Altitude correction for engine fueling and EVAP diagnostics switches to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Umgebungsdruck-Sensor C. Höhen-Korrektur für Gemischbildung und EVAP-Diagnose wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "baro_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP_sensor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U068B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Turbolader-Eintrittsdrucksensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart turbocharger inlet pressure sensor A (compressor inlet). Pressure-ratio computation switches to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Turbolader-Eintrittsdrucksensor A (Verdichter-Eintritt). Druckverhältnis-Berechnung wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U068C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Turbocharger/Supercharger Inlet Pressure Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Turbolader-Eintrittsdrucksensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart turbocharger inlet pressure sensor B (compressor inlet). Pressure-ratio computation switches to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Turbolader-Eintrittsdrucksensor B (Verdichter-Eintritt). Druckverhältnis-Berechnung wechselt auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "turbo_inlet_pressure_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbocharger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U068D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EGR Temperature Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AGR-Temperatursensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EGR temperature sensor A (typically pre-cooler). EGR cooling diagnostic switches to model-based estimation.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AGR-Temperatursensor A (meist vor Kühler). AGR-Kühlungs-Diagnose wechselt auf modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temp_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U068E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EGR Temperature Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AGR-Temperatursensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EGR temperature sensor B (typically post-cooler). EGR cooling diagnostic switches to model-based estimation.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AGR-Temperatursensor B (meist nach Kühler). AGR-Kühlungs-Diagnose wechselt auf modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temp_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U068F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EGR Temperature Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AGR-Temperatursensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EGR temperature sensor C. EGR cooling diagnostic switches to model-based estimation.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AGR-Temperatursensor C. AGR-Kühlungs-Diagnose wechselt auf modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temp_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0690",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With EGR Temperature Sensor D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum AGR-Temperatursensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart EGR temperature sensor D. EGR cooling diagnostic switches to model-based estimation.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten AGR-Temperatursensor D. AGR-Kühlungs-Diagnose wechselt auf modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egr_temp_sensor_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0691",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Pressure Sensor A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgasdrucksensor A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust pressure sensor A (typically pre-DPF or pre-turbine). Pressure-based diagnostics switch to a model-based estimate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgasdrucksensor A (meist vor DPF oder Turbine). Druck-basierte Diagnosen wechseln auf eine modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0692",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Pressure Sensor B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgasdrucksensor B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust pressure sensor B (typically post-DPF or post-turbine). Pressure-based diagnostics switch to a model-based estimate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgasdrucksensor B (meist nach DPF oder Turbine). Druck-basierte Diagnosen wechseln auf eine modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0693",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Humidity Sensor",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Feuchtesensor"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart humidity sensor (intake air or cabin). Humidity-based fueling and HVAC strategies switch to a substitute value.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Feuchtesensor (Ansaugluft oder Innenraum). Feuchte-basierte Gemisch- und HVAC-Strategien wechseln auf einen Ersatzwert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "humidity_sensor",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0694",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur HV-Batterie-Kühlmittelpumpe A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV battery pack coolant pump A. Active battery cooling cannot be commanded; charging/discharging power may be limited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten HV-Batterie-Kühlmittelpumpe A. Aktive Batteriekühlung kann nicht angefordert werden; Lade-/Entladeleistung kann begrenzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_coolant_pump_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0695",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Hybrid/EV Battery Pack Coolant Pump B",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur HV-Batterie-Kühlmittelpumpe B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart HV battery pack coolant pump B. Active battery cooling cannot be commanded; charging/discharging power may be limited.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten HV-Batterie-Kühlmittelpumpe B. Aktive Batteriekühlung kann nicht angefordert werden; Lade-/Entladeleistung kann begrenzt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hv_battery_coolant_pump_b",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0696",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Partikelfilter-Drucksensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart DPF differential pressure sensor C. The ECM cannot read soot loading via this channel and may switch to a model-based estimate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten DPF-Differenzdrucksensor C. Das ECM kann die Rußbeladung über diesen Kanal nicht lesen und wechselt ggf. auf eine modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0697",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Particulate Filter Pressure Sensor D",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Partikelfilter-Drucksensor D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart DPF differential pressure sensor D. The ECM cannot read soot loading via this channel and may switch to a model-based estimate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten DPF-Differenzdrucksensor D. Das ECM kann die Rußbeladung über diesen Kanal nicht lesen und wechselt ggf. auf eine modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "dpf_pressure_sensor_d",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0698",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Coolant Pump E",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühlmittelpumpe E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart coolant pump E (electric water pump). Pump speed cannot be commanded; coolant flow falls back to a default duty.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Kühlmittelpumpe E (elektrische Wasserpumpe). Pumpendrehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlmittelstrom fällt auf eine Default-PWM zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_e",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0699",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Coolant Pump F",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühlmittelpumpe F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart coolant pump F (electric water pump). Pump speed cannot be commanded; coolant flow falls back to a default duty.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Kühlmittelpumpe F (elektrische Wasserpumpe). Pumpendrehzahl kann nicht angefordert werden; Kühlmittelstrom fällt auf eine Default-PWM zurück."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_pump_f",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_cooling"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U069A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgastemperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust gas temperature sensor bank 1 sensor 3. Catalyst protection and DPF regeneration logic switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgastemperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 3. Katalysator-Schutz und DPF-Regenerationslogik wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_bank_1_sensor_3",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U069B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgastemperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust gas temperature sensor bank 1 sensor 4. Catalyst protection and DPF regeneration logic switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgastemperatursensor Bank 1 Sensor 4. Katalysator-Schutz und DPF-Regenerationslogik wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_bank_1_sensor_4",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U069C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Bank 2 Sensor 3",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgastemperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 3"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust gas temperature sensor bank 2 sensor 3. Catalyst protection and DPF regeneration logic switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgastemperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 3. Katalysator-Schutz und DPF-Regenerationslogik wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_bank_2_sensor_3",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U069D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor Bank 2 Sensor 4",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgastemperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 4"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust gas temperature sensor bank 2 sensor 4. Catalyst protection and DPF regeneration logic switch to model-based estimates.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgastemperatursensor Bank 2 Sensor 4. Katalysator-Schutz und DPF-Regenerationslogik wechseln auf modellbasierte Schätzungen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "egt_sensor_bank_2_sensor_4",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U069E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Coolant Heater A",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zur Kühlmittelheizung A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart coolant heater A (PTC or fuel-fired booster). Cabin/coolant warm-up assistance cannot be commanded.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zur smarten Kühlmittelheizung A (PTC oder Standheizungs-Booster). Innenraum-/Kühlmittel-Aufwärm-Unterstützung kann nicht angefordert werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_heater_a",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_block_heater"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U069F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lost Communication With Exhaust Pressure Sensor C",
        "de": "Kommunikationsverlust zum Abgasdrucksensor C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The vehicle bus reports loss of communication with smart exhaust pressure sensor C. Pressure-based diagnostics switch to a model-based estimate.",
        "de": "Der Fahrzeugbus meldet Kommunikationsverlust zum smarten Abgasdrucksensor C. Druck-basierte Diagnosen wechseln auf eine modellbasierte Schätzung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "exhaust_pressure_sensor_c",
        "vehicle_bus_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "bus_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bus wiring open or shorted",
            "de": "Bus-Verkabelung unterbrochen oder kurzgeschlossen"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_unpowered",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module without power or ground",
            "de": "Modul ohne Spannung oder Masse"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "module_failed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module failed",
            "de": "Modul defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U0901",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Invalid Data from Ion Sense Module",
        "de": "Ungültige Daten vom Ionenstrom-Modul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A receiving module detected implausible data from the ion sense module (used for misfire/knock detection via ionisation current at the spark plug). Per-cylinder ion current values fail plausibility checks and are rejected.",
        "de": "Ein empfangendes Steuergerät erkennt unstimmige Daten vom Ionenstrom-Modul (Misfire-/Klopf-Erkennung über Zündkerzen-Ionisationsstrom). Zylinderspezifische Ionenstrom-Werte bestehen Plausibilitätsprüfungen nicht und werden verworfen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ion_sense_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault or sensor input drift",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler oder Driften des Sensoreingangs"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "software_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Software version mismatch after replacement",
            "de": "Software-Versionskonflikt nach Tausch"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          120,
          1200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3000",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module",
        "de": "Steuermodul"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the control module itself — internal self-diagnostic flagged a problem with computation, memory, drivers or other internal subsystems.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler im Steuermodul selbst — interne Eigendiagnose hat ein Problem mit Berechnung, Speicher, Endstufen oder anderen internen Subsystemen erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3001",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Improper Shutdown Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul unsauberes Herunterfahren"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module did not complete its shutdown sequence cleanly — power was lost before housekeeping (saving learned values, freeze frames, adaptations) finished.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul hat seine Abschaltsequenz nicht sauber beendet — Spannung verloren bevor das Speichern der Lernwerte, Freeze-Frames und Adaptionen abgeschlossen war."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "module_power_supply"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "power_loss",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power supply lost before shutdown completed",
            "de": "Versorgung verloren vor Abschluss des Shutdowns"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "bad_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Bad ground connection",
            "de": "Schlechte Masseverbindung"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3002",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Vehicle Identification Number",
        "de": "Fahrzeug-Identifizierungsnummer"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module reports a problem with the stored Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) — missing, mismatched between modules, or invalid format.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul meldet ein Problem mit der gespeicherten Fahrzeug-Identifizierungsnummer (VIN) — fehlt, weicht zwischen Modulen ab oder hat ungültiges Format."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "module_eeprom"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "vin_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "VIN mismatch after module replacement",
            "de": "VIN-Differenz nach Modultausch"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "vin_not_programmed",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "VIN not programmed in replacement module",
            "de": "VIN im Ersatzmodul nicht einprogrammiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_identification_number"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3003",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Battery Voltage",
        "de": "Batteriespannung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module detected battery voltage outside its acceptable operating window. Either too low (drained battery, weak charging) or too high (charging system overvoltage).",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul hat eine Batteriespannung außerhalb des zulässigen Betriebsbereichs erkannt. Entweder zu niedrig (entladen, schwache Ladung) oder zu hoch (Überspannung im Bordnetz)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "battery",
        "alternator",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Battery aged or sulfated",
            "de": "Batterie gealtert oder sulfatiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "charging_fault",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator fault (over- or undervoltage)",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenregler defekt (Über- oder Unterspannung)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_battery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3004",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Accessory Power Relay",
        "de": "Zubehörstromrelais"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the accessory power relay that switches power to comfort/accessory loads (radio, infotainment, etc.) when the key is in ACC position.",
        "de": "Fehler am Zubehörstromrelais, das in der ACC-Stellung des Zündschlosses Komfortverbraucher (Radio, Infotainment, etc.) versorgt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "accessory_power_relay",
        "relay_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Relay contacts failed or coil open",
            "de": "Relaiskontakte defekt oder Spule unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3005",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Retained Accessory Power",
        "de": "Nachlauf-Zubehörstrom"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the retained accessory power (RAP) function that keeps comfort loads (windows, radio) powered for a short time after the key is removed.",
        "de": "Fehler an der Funktion Nachlauf-Zubehörstrom (RAP), die Komfortverbraucher (Fenster, Radio) für kurze Zeit nach Schlüsselabzug weiter versorgt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "rap_relay",
        "body_control_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "rap_module_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "RAP relay or BCM logic failed",
            "de": "RAP-Relais oder BCM-Logik defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_control_module"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3006",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power A Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung A Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the input power line A of the control module. The module is missing or losing its main supply on this rail.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgungsspannung A des Steuermoduls. Das Modul verliert oder erhält keine Hauptversorgung auf dieser Leitung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_a",
        "fuse",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Power wiring break",
            "de": "Versorgungsleitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3007",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power B Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung B Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on input power line B of the control module (second supply rail, e.g. permanent +12V vs switched battery feed).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgungsspannung B des Steuermoduls (zweite Versorgungsschiene, z. B. Dauerplus vs. geschaltetes Plus)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_b",
        "fuse",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3008",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Ground A",
        "de": "Steuermodul Masse A"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module detects a problem on its ground reference A — open ground, high resistance to chassis, or floating ground potential.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul erkennt ein Problem an seiner Masse-Referenz A — offene Masse, hoher Übergangswiderstand zur Karosserie oder schwebendes Massepotential."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_ground_a",
        "ground_strap"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "corroded_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground stud corroded",
            "de": "Massepunkt korrodiert"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "loose_ground",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground connection loose",
            "de": "Masseanschluss locker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3009",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Ground B",
        "de": "Steuermodul Masse B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module detects a problem on its ground reference A — open ground, high resistance to chassis, or floating ground potential.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul erkennt ein Problem an seiner Masse-Referenz A — offene Masse, hoher Übergangswiderstand zur Karosserie oder schwebendes Massepotential."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_ground_b",
        "ground_strap"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "corroded_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground stud corroded",
            "de": "Massepunkt korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U300A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Switch",
        "de": "Zündschalter"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module detects an inconsistent or implausible ignition switch state — multiple positions reported simultaneously, or the position contradicts other inputs.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul erkennt einen widersprüchlichen oder unplausiblen Zustand des Zündschalters — mehrere Positionen gleichzeitig oder widerspricht anderen Eingängen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_switch",
        "ignition_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition switch contacts worn",
            "de": "Zündschalterkontakte verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U300B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Input Accessory/On/Start",
        "de": "Zündungseingang Zubehör/Ein/Start"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the combined ACC/ON/START ignition input line of the control module.",
        "de": "Fehler am kombinierten ACC/EIN/START-Zündungseingang des Steuermoduls."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_input",
        "wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U300C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Input Off/On/Start",
        "de": "Zündungseingang Aus/Ein/Start"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the OFF/ON/START ignition input line.",
        "de": "Fehler am AUS/EIN/START-Zündungseingang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_input",
        "wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U300D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Input On/Start",
        "de": "Zündungseingang Ein/Start"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ON/START ignition input line — module sees inconsistent ON or START signal.",
        "de": "Fehler am EIN/START-Zündungseingang — Modul sieht inkonsistentes EIN- oder START-Signal."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_input",
        "wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or connector fault",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Stecker fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U300E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Input On",
        "de": "Zündungseingang Ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ignition ON input — module does not see ON state when other inputs say ON, or vice versa.",
        "de": "Fehler am Zündung-EIN-Eingang — Modul sieht EIN nicht, obwohl andere Eingänge dies melden, oder umgekehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_input",
        "wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition switch contacts worn",
            "de": "Zündschalterkontakte verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U300F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Input Accessory",
        "de": "Zündungseingang Zubehör"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ignition ACC (accessory) input.",
        "de": "Fehler am Zündung-ACC-Eingang (Zubehör)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_input",
        "wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition switch contacts worn",
            "de": "Zündschalterkontakte verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3010",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Input Start",
        "de": "Zündungseingang Start"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ignition START input — module does not see start request when cranking, or sees one when not cranking.",
        "de": "Fehler am Zündung-START-Eingang — Modul sieht START-Anforderung nicht beim Anlassen, oder sieht eine ohne dass angelassen wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_input",
        "wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Start position contacts worn",
            "de": "Startkontakte verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3011",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Input Off",
        "de": "Zündungseingang Aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ignition OFF input — module does not detect OFF state correctly.",
        "de": "Fehler am Zündung-AUS-Eingang — Modul erkennt AUS-Zustand nicht korrekt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_input",
        "wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition switch contacts worn",
            "de": "Zündschalterkontakte verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3012",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Improper Wake-up Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul unsauberes Aufwecken"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module did not wake up cleanly from sleep mode — wake event timing or sequence outside spec.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul ist nicht sauber aus dem Schlafmodus aufgewacht — Timing oder Sequenz des Wake-up-Events außerhalb der Spezifikation."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "wakeup_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "module_internal_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module internal fault",
            "de": "Interner Modulfehler"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "wake_signal_glitch",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wake signal noise or glitch",
            "de": "Wake-Signal mit Störungen oder Glitches"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3013",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power C Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung C Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on input power line C of the control module (third supply rail, e.g. for redundant power on safety-critical modules).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgungsspannung C (dritte Versorgung, z. B. für redundante Speisung bei sicherheitskritischen Modulen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_c",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3014",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power D Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung D Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on input power line D of the control module (fourth supply rail).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Versorgungsspannung D (vierte Versorgung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_d",
        "fuse"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "blown_fuse",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Supply fuse blown",
            "de": "Versorgungssicherung defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          300
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3015",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Ground C",
        "de": "Steuermodul Masse C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the third ground reference of the module.",
        "de": "Fehler an der dritten Masse-Referenz des Moduls."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_ground_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "corroded_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground stud corroded",
            "de": "Massepunkt korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3016",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Ground D",
        "de": "Steuermodul Masse D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the fourth ground reference of the module.",
        "de": "Fehler an der vierten Masse-Referenz des Moduls."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_ground_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "corroded_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ground stud corroded",
            "de": "Massepunkt korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          200
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          1.5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_(electricity)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3017",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Timer/Clock Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul Timer/Uhr Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module's internal timer or clock has drifted or stopped — affects time-stamped diagnostic events, scheduled tasks and security challenges.",
        "de": "Der interne Timer oder die Uhr des Steuermoduls ist gedriftet oder ausgefallen — beeinflusst Zeitstempel von Diagnose-Events, Scheduling und Security-Challenges."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "module_oscillator"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "oscillator_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Internal oscillator drifted",
            "de": "Interner Oszillator gedriftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3018",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power Circuit A/B Correlation",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung A/B Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltages on input power lines A and B do not correlate as expected — one is significantly different from the other.",
        "de": "Spannungen auf den Versorgungsleitungen A und B korrelieren nicht erwartungsgemäß — eine weicht stark von der anderen ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_a",
        "module_power_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One supply line has high resistance",
            "de": "Eine Versorgung mit hohem Übergangswiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3019",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power Circuit B/C Correlation",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung B/C Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Voltages on input power lines B and C do not correlate as expected.",
        "de": "Spannungen auf den Versorgungsleitungen B und C korrelieren nicht erwartungsgemäß."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_b",
        "module_power_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "One supply line has high resistance",
            "de": "Eine Versorgung mit hohem Übergangswiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U301A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit A/Open",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up-Kreis A unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the wake-up signal line A — module cannot be woken from sleep via this path.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Wake-up-Signalleitung A — Modul kann über diesen Pfad nicht geweckt werden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wakeup_circuit_a",
        "wakeup_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wake-up wire broken",
            "de": "Wake-up-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U301B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit A Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up-Kreis A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wake-up signal A voltage below expected range — short to ground.",
        "de": "Spannung am Wake-up-Signal A unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wakeup_circuit_a",
        "wakeup_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U301C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit A High",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up-Kreis A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wake-up signal A voltage above expected range — short to power.",
        "de": "Spannung am Wake-up-Signal A über Sollbereich — Plus-Schluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wakeup_circuit_a",
        "wakeup_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U301D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit A Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up-Kreis A Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wake-up signal A is electrically OK but timing or pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "Wake-up-Signal A ist elektrisch in Ordnung, Timing oder Muster entspricht jedoch nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wakeup_circuit_a"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_noise",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wake signal noise or glitch",
            "de": "Wake-Signal mit Störungen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U301E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit B/Open",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up-Kreis B unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on wake-up signal line B (second wake-up path).",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Wake-up-Signalleitung B (zweiter Wake-up-Pfad)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wakeup_circuit_b",
        "wakeup_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wake-up wire broken",
            "de": "Wake-up-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U301F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit B Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up-Kreis B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wake-up signal B voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am Wake-up-Signal B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wakeup_circuit_b",
        "wakeup_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3020",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit B High",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up-Kreis B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wake-up signal B voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am Wake-up-Signal B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wakeup_circuit_b",
        "wakeup_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3021",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Wake-up Circuit B Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul Wake-up-Kreis B Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Wake-up signal B timing or pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "Timing oder Muster des Wake-up-Signals B entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "wakeup_circuit_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "signal_noise",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wake signal noise or glitch",
            "de": "Wake-Signal mit Störungen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3022",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Input Accessory/Off",
        "de": "Zündungseingang Zubehör/Aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the combined ACC/OFF ignition input.",
        "de": "Fehler am kombinierten ACC/AUS-Zündungseingang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_input",
        "wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "switch_worn",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Ignition switch contacts worn",
            "de": "Zündschalterkontakte verschlissen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3023",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power Circuit A - Ignition Input On/Start Circuit Correlation",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgung A zu Zündung Ein/Start Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Implausible relationship between input power line A and the ON/START ignition signal — power present without ignition active, or vice versa.",
        "de": "Unplausible Beziehung zwischen Versorgungsspannung A und dem EIN/START-Zündungssignal — Spannung anliegend ohne aktive Zündung oder umgekehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_a",
        "ignition_input"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or relay fault between supply and ignition path",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Relaisfehler zwischen Versorgung und Zündpfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3024",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power Circuit B - Ignition Input On/Start Circuit Correlation",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgung B zu Zündung Ein/Start Korrelation"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Implausible relationship between input power line A and the ON/START ignition signal — power present without ignition active, or vice versa.",
        "de": "Unplausible Beziehung zwischen Versorgungsspannung A und dem EIN/START-Zündungssignal — Spannung anliegend ohne aktive Zündung oder umgekehrt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_b",
        "ignition_input"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or relay fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Relaisfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3025",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module A Disable Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuermodul A Disable-Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit on the control module A disable line — used by gateway/master to force the module into a safe-state when needed.",
        "de": "Unterbrochener Schaltkreis an der Disable-Leitung des Steuermoduls A — wird vom Gateway/Master genutzt, um das Modul in den sicheren Zustand zu zwingen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_disable_a",
        "control_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_wiring",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Disable wire broken",
            "de": "Disable-Leitung unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3026",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module A Disable Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul A Disable-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Disable line A voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung an der Disable-Leitung A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_disable_a",
        "control_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3027",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module A Disable Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuermodul A Disable-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Disable line A voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung an der Disable-Leitung A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_disable_a",
        "control_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3028",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module A Disable Feedback Circuit",
        "de": "Steuermodul A Disable-Rückmelde-Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the feedback line that confirms the module has entered/exited disabled state.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler an der Rückmeldeleitung, die den Disable-Zustand des Moduls bestätigt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_disable_feedback_a",
        "feedback_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "feedback_wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Feedback wire fault",
            "de": "Rückmeldeleitung fehlerhaft"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3029",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module A Disable Feedback Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul A Disable-Rückmelde-Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Disable feedback line A voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Disable-Rückmeldung A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_disable_feedback_a",
        "feedback_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U302A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module A Disable Feedback Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuermodul A Disable-Rückmelde-Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Disable feedback line A voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Disable-Rückmeldung A über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_disable_feedback_a",
        "feedback_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U302B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Output Accessory/On/Start",
        "de": "Zündungsausgang Zubehör/Ein/Start"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ACC/ON/START ignition output line driven by the module.",
        "de": "Fehler am ACC/EIN/START-Zündungsausgang, der vom Modul angesteuert wird."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_output",
        "output_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or relay fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Relaisfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U302C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Output Off/On/Start",
        "de": "Zündungsausgang Aus/Ein/Start"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the OFF/ON/START ignition output.",
        "de": "Fehler am AUS/EIN/START-Zündungsausgang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_output",
        "output_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or relay fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Relaisfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U302D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Output On/Start",
        "de": "Zündungsausgang Ein/Start"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ON/START ignition output.",
        "de": "Fehler am EIN/START-Zündungsausgang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_output",
        "output_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or relay fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Relaisfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U302E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Output On",
        "de": "Zündungsausgang Ein"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ignition ON output.",
        "de": "Fehler am Zündung-EIN-Ausgang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_output",
        "output_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or relay fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Relaisfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U302F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Output Accessory",
        "de": "Zündungsausgang Zubehör"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ignition ACC (accessory) output.",
        "de": "Fehler am Zündung-ACC-Ausgang (Zubehör)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_output",
        "output_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or relay fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Relaisfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3030",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Output Start",
        "de": "Zündungsausgang Start"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ignition START output — module cannot drive the starter solenoid via this line.",
        "de": "Fehler am Zündung-START-Ausgang — Modul kann den Anlasser-Magnetschalter über diese Leitung nicht ansteuern."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_output",
        "starter_relay"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or starter relay fault",
            "de": "Verkabelung oder Anlasserrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starter_(engine)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3031",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Output Off",
        "de": "Zündungsausgang Aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the ignition OFF output.",
        "de": "Fehler am Zündung-AUS-Ausgang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_output",
        "output_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or relay fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Relaisfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3032",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ignition Output Accessory/Off",
        "de": "Zündungsausgang Zubehör/Aus"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the combined ACC/OFF ignition output.",
        "de": "Fehler am kombinierten ACC/AUS-Zündungsausgang."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "ignition_output",
        "output_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "wiring_fault",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring or relay fault",
            "de": "Verkabelungs- oder Relaisfehler"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          40,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3033",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Security Certificate Missing/Invalid",
        "de": "Steuermodul Sicherheitszertifikat fehlt/ungültig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module's security certificate (used for authenticated communication, secure boot or vehicle anti-tamper) is missing or fails validation.",
        "de": "Das Sicherheitszertifikat des Steuermoduls (für authentifizierte Kommunikation, Secure Boot oder Manipulationsschutz) fehlt oder ist ungültig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "security_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "cert_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Certificate not provisioned in module",
            "de": "Zertifikat im Modul nicht eingespielt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "cert_expired",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Certificate expired or revoked",
            "de": "Zertifikat abgelaufen oder widerrufen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_certificate"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3034",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Communication Authentication Key/Certificate Missing/Invalid",
        "de": "Kommunikations-Authentifizierungsschlüssel/-Zertifikat fehlt/ungültig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The cryptographic key or certificate used to authenticate inter-module communication is missing or invalid.",
        "de": "Der kryptografische Schlüssel oder das Zertifikat zur Authentifizierung der Modul-zu-Modul-Kommunikation fehlt oder ist ungültig."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "security_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "key_missing",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Key not provisioned",
            "de": "Schlüssel nicht eingespielt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3035",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Communication Authentication Signal Invalid Data",
        "de": "Kommunikations-Authentifizierungssignal ungültige Daten"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The received authentication signal contains invalid data — message authentication code does not match expected value, suggesting tampering or corruption.",
        "de": "Das empfangene Authentifizierungssignal enthält ungültige Daten — Message Authentication Code stimmt nicht, deutet auf Manipulation oder Datenkorruption hin."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus",
        "security_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "mac_mismatch",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Authentication code mismatch",
            "de": "Authentifizierungs-Code stimmt nicht überein"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3036",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Communication Authentication Signal Performance",
        "de": "Kommunikations-Authentifizierungssignal Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Authentication signal arrives within tolerances but timing or content drifted from expected behavior.",
        "de": "Authentifizierungssignal liegt innerhalb der Toleranzen, Timing oder Inhalt sind jedoch vom Sollverhalten abgewichen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "can_bus",
        "security_module"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "timing_drift",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Authentication timing drift",
            "de": "Timing der Authentifizierung gedriftet"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3500",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power A Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung A Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input power line A voltage is electrically within range but does not match expected behavior — drift, slow rise/fall, or instability.",
        "de": "Spannung der Versorgungsleitung A liegt im elektrischen Bereich, entspricht aber nicht dem Sollverhalten — Drift, langsamer Anstieg/Abfall oder instabil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_a",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High resistance in supply path",
            "de": "Hoher Übergangswiderstand im Versorgungspfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3501",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power A Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung A niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input power line A voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Versorgungsleitung A unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_a",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery or high supply resistance",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie oder hoher Versorgungswiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3502",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power A Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung A hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input power line A voltage above expected range — typically charging system overvoltage.",
        "de": "Spannung der Versorgungsleitung A über Sollbereich — meist Überspannung im Bordnetz."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_a",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed (overvoltage)",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenregler defekt (Überspannung)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3503",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power A Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung A sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent dropouts or noise on input power line A.",
        "de": "Sporadische Aussetzer oder Störungen an der Versorgungsleitung A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_a",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3504",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power B Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung B Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input power line A voltage is electrically within range but does not match expected behavior — drift, slow rise/fall, or instability.",
        "de": "Spannung der Versorgungsleitung A liegt im elektrischen Bereich, entspricht aber nicht dem Sollverhalten — Drift, langsamer Anstieg/Abfall oder instabil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_b",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High resistance in supply path",
            "de": "Hoher Übergangswiderstand im Versorgungspfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3505",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power B Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input power line B voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Versorgungsleitung B unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_b",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery or high supply resistance",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie oder hoher Versorgungswiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3506",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power B Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input power line B voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Versorgungsleitung B über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_b",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenregler defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3507",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power B Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung B sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent dropouts or noise on input power line B.",
        "de": "Sporadische Aussetzer oder Störungen an der Versorgungsleitung B."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_b",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3508",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power C Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung C Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input power line A voltage is electrically within range but does not match expected behavior — drift, slow rise/fall, or instability.",
        "de": "Spannung der Versorgungsleitung A liegt im elektrischen Bereich, entspricht aber nicht dem Sollverhalten — Drift, langsamer Anstieg/Abfall oder instabil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_c",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "high_resistance",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "High resistance in supply path",
            "de": "Hoher Übergangswiderstand im Versorgungspfad"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          30,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3509",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power C Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung C niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input power line C voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Versorgungsleitung C unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_c",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "weak_battery",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Weak battery or high supply resistance",
            "de": "Schwache Batterie oder hoher Versorgungswiderstand"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "easy",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          10,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.3,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U350A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power C Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung C hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Input power line C voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung der Versorgungsleitung C über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_c",
        "charging_system"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "charging_overvoltage",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Alternator regulator failed",
            "de": "Lichtmaschinenregler defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          50,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U350B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Input Power C Circuit Intermittent/Erratic",
        "de": "Steuermodul Versorgungsspannung C sporadisch/unstetig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Intermittent dropouts or noise on input power line C.",
        "de": "Sporadische Aussetzer oder Störungen an der Versorgungsleitung C."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_power_c",
        "power_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "loose_connector",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Connector loose or corroded",
            "de": "Stecker locker oder korrodiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          20,
          400
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U350C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Cooling Fan Circuit/Open",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Lüfter Schaltkreis unterbrochen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Open circuit at the control module cooling fan (used to keep heavy ECUs like ADAS compute or inverter controllers within thermal limits).",
        "de": "Unterbrechung am Steuermodul-Lüfter (kühlt leistungsstarke Steuergeräte wie ADAS-Compute oder Inverter-Controller innerhalb der Temperaturgrenzen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_cooling_fan",
        "fan_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fan_motor_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor open",
            "de": "Lüftermotor unterbrochen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U350D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Cooling Fan Circuit Low",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Lüfter Schaltkreis niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Module cooling fan control voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Modul-Lüfter unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_cooling_fan",
        "fan_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to ground",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U350E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Cooling Fan Circuit High",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Lüfter Schaltkreis hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Module cooling fan control voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Steuerspannung Modul-Lüfter über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_cooling_fan",
        "fan_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_power",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Wiring shorted to battery",
            "de": "Verkabelung mit Plus-Schluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          60,
          500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U350F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Cooling Fan Circuit Range/Performance",
        "de": "Steuermodul-Lüfter Schaltkreis Bereich/Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Module cooling fan circuit electrically OK but fan does not run as commanded — bearing seized, blade obstructed, or driver weak.",
        "de": "Modul-Lüfter elektrisch in Ordnung, läuft jedoch nicht erwartungsgemäß — festgefressenes Lager, blockiertes Blatt oder schwache Endstufe."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "module_cooling_fan"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "fan_seized",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Fan motor seized",
            "de": "Lüftermotor festgefressen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": true,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3510",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Control Module Missing Calibration",
        "de": "Steuermodul fehlende Kalibrierung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The control module is reporting that its calibration data is missing or incomplete — required parameter sets have not been programmed after a hardware swap or update.",
        "de": "Das Steuermodul meldet fehlende oder unvollständige Kalibrierdaten — nach Hardwaretausch oder Update wurden die nötigen Parametersätze nicht programmiert."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "control_module",
        "module_eeprom"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "not_programmed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Module not programmed after replacement",
            "de": "Modul nach Tausch nicht programmiert"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          80,
          800
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          3
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": true,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_control_unit"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3511",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit B",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis B"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the second high-voltage interlock loop (HVIL) circuit. The interlock detects whether HV connectors are properly mated; an open loop forces the HV system into a safe state.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am zweiten Hochvolt-Interlock-Kreis (HVIL). Der Interlock erkennt, ob HV-Stecker korrekt gesteckt sind; offener Loop zwingt das HV-System in den sicheren Zustand."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_b",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "pilot_pin_damaged",
          "likelihood": "medium",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock pilot pin damaged",
            "de": "Interlock-Pilotpin beschädigt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3512",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit B Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis B Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop B is electrically OK but timing/pattern does not match expected behavior — possibly intermittent contact in a connector.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop B elektrisch in Ordnung, Timing/Muster entspricht jedoch nicht dem Sollverhalten — möglicherweise sporadischer Kontakt in einem Stecker."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_b"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3513",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit B Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis B niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop B voltage below expected range — short to ground in the interlock wiring.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop B unter Sollbereich — Masseschluss in der Interlock-Verkabelung."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_b",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3514",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit B High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis B hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop B voltage above expected range — open or short to power.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop B über Sollbereich — Unterbrechung oder Plus-Schluss."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_b",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open (connector unmated)",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen (Stecker abgezogen)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3515",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit C",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis C"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop C. See U3511 for general HVIL behavior.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop C. Siehe U3511 für allgemeines HVIL-Verhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_c",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3516",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit C Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis C Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop C timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop C Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_c"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3517",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit C Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis C niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop C voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop C unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_c",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3518",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit C High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis C hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop C voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop C über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_c",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open (connector unmated)",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen (Stecker abgezogen)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3519",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit D",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis D"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop D.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop D."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_d",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U351A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit D Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis D Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop D timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop D Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_d"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U351B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit D Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis D niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop D voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop D unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_d",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U351C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit D High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis D hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop D voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop D über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_d",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open (connector unmated)",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen (Stecker abgezogen)"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U351D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit E",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis E"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop E.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop E."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_e",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U351E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit E Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis E Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop E timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop E Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_e"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U351F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit E Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis E niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop E voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop E unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_e",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3520",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit E High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis E hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop E voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop E über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_e",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3521",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit F",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis F"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop F.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop F."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_f",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3522",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit F Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis F Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop F timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop F Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_f"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3523",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit F Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis F niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop F voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop F unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_f",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3524",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit F High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis F hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop F voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop F über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_f",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3525",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit G",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis G"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop G.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop G."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_g",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3526",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit G Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis G Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop G timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop G Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_g"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3527",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit G Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis G niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop G voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop G unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_g",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3528",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit G High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis G hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop G voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop G über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_g",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3529",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit H",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis H"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop H.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop H."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_h",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U352A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit H Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis H Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop H timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop H Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_h"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U352B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit H Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis H niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop H voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop H unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_h",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U352C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit H High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis H hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop H voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop H über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_h",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U352D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit J",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis J"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop J. Note - SAE skips letter \"I\" to avoid confusion with the digit 1.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop J. Hinweis - SAE überspringt den Buchstaben \"I\", um Verwechslung mit der Ziffer 1 zu vermeiden."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_j",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U352E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit J Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis J Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop J timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop J Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_j"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U352F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit J Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis J niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop J voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop J unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_j",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3530",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit J High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis J hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop J voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop J über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_j",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3531",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit K",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis K"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop K.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop K."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_k",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3532",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit K Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis K Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop K timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop K Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_k"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3533",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit K Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis K niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop K voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop K unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_k",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3534",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit K High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis K hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop K voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop K über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_k",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3535",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit L",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis L"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop L.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop L."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_l",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3536",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit L Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis L Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop L timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop L Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_l"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3537",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit L Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis L niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop L voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop L unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_l",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3538",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit L High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis L hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop L voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop L über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_l",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3539",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit M",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis M"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop M.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop M."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_m",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U353A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit M Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis M Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop M timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop M Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_m"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U353B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit M Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis M niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop M voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop M unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_m",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U353C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit M High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis M hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop M voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop M über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_m",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U353D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit N",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis N"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop N.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop N."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_n",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U353E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit N Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis N Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop N timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop N Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_n"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U353F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit N Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis N niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop N voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop N unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_n",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3540",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit N High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis N hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop N voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop N über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_n",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3541",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit O",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis O"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop O.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop O."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_o",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3542",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit O Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis O Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop O timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop O Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_o"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3543",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit O Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis O niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop O voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop O unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_o",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3544",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit O High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis O hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop O voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop O über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_o",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3545",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit P",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis P"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on HVIL loop P.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am HVIL-Loop P."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_p",
        "hv_connectors"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "connector_unmated",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "HV connector not fully mated",
            "de": "HV-Stecker nicht vollständig gesteckt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3546",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit P Performance",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis P Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop P timing/pattern does not match expected behavior.",
        "de": "HVIL-Loop P Timing/Muster entspricht nicht dem Sollverhalten."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_p"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "intermittent_contact",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Intermittent contact in HV connector",
            "de": "Sporadischer Kontakt im HV-Stecker"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3547",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit P Low",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis P niedrig"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop P voltage below expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop P unter Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_p",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "short_to_ground",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock wire shorted to ground",
            "de": "Interlock-Leitung mit Masseschluss"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3548",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "High Voltage System Interlock Circuit P High",
        "de": "Hochvoltsystem-Interlock-Kreis P hoch"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "HVIL loop P voltage above expected range.",
        "de": "Spannung am HVIL-Loop P über Sollbereich."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "hvil_loop_p",
        "hvil_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "open_loop",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Interlock loop open",
            "de": "Interlock-Loop offen"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_management_system"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3549",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank High Pressure Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank Hochdrucksensor 1 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the high-pressure hydrogen tank pressure sensor 1 (typical operating range up to 700 bar on FCEVs).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Hochdrucksensor 1 des Wasserstofftanks (typischer Betriebsbereich bis 700 bar bei Brennstoffzellen-Fahrzeugen)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_pressure_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Pressure sensor failed",
            "de": "Drucksensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U354A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank A Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank A Temperatursensor 1 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on temperature sensor 1 of hydrogen tank A. Temperature is needed to compute mass from pressure (PV=nRT).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor 1 des Wasserstofftanks A. Die Temperatur wird zur Berechnung der Masse aus dem Druck benötigt (PV=nRT)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_a_temp_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U354B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank A Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank A Temperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on temperature sensor 2 of hydrogen tank A. Temperature is needed to compute mass from pressure (PV=nRT).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor 2 des Wasserstofftanks A. Die Temperatur wird zur Berechnung der Masse aus dem Druck benötigt (PV=nRT)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_a_temp_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U354C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank B Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank B Temperatursensor 1 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on temperature sensor 1 of hydrogen tank A. Temperature is needed to compute mass from pressure (PV=nRT).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor 1 des Wasserstofftanks A. Die Temperatur wird zur Berechnung der Masse aus dem Druck benötigt (PV=nRT)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_b_temp_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U354D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank B Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank B Temperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on temperature sensor 2 of hydrogen tank A. Temperature is needed to compute mass from pressure (PV=nRT).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor 2 des Wasserstofftanks A. Die Temperatur wird zur Berechnung der Masse aus dem Druck benötigt (PV=nRT)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_b_temp_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U354E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank C Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank C Temperatursensor 1 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on temperature sensor 1 of hydrogen tank A. Temperature is needed to compute mass from pressure (PV=nRT).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor 1 des Wasserstofftanks A. Die Temperatur wird zur Berechnung der Masse aus dem Druck benötigt (PV=nRT)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_c_temp_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U354F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank C Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank C Temperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on temperature sensor 2 of hydrogen tank A. Temperature is needed to compute mass from pressure (PV=nRT).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Temperatursensor 2 des Wasserstofftanks A. Die Temperatur wird zur Berechnung der Masse aus dem Druck benötigt (PV=nRT)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_c_temp_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Temperature sensor failed",
            "de": "Temperatursensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3550",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank A Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank A Ventilsteuerung Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the control circuit of the hydrogen tank A shut-off valve.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuerschaltkreis des Absperrventils von Wasserstofftank A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_a_valve",
        "valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve solenoid failed",
            "de": "Ventil-Magnetspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3551",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank A Valve Enable Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank A Ventil-Freigabeschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the enable line that authorises the hydrogen tank A valve to open. Used as redundant safety release.",
        "de": "Fehler an der Freigabeleitung, die das Öffnen des Tank-A-Ventils freigibt. Wird als redundante Sicherheitsfreigabe genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_a_valve_enable",
        "safety_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "enable_circuit_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Enable wire open or relay failed",
            "de": "Freigabeleitung unterbrochen oder Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3552",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank A Valve Performance",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank A Ventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hydrogen tank A valve does not open or close as commanded — mechanical failure detected via downstream pressure feedback.",
        "de": "Tank-A-Ventil öffnet oder schließt nicht erwartungsgemäß — mechanischer Fehler durch nachgelagerte Druckrückmeldung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_a_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3553",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank B Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank B Ventilsteuerung Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the control circuit of the hydrogen tank A shut-off valve.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuerschaltkreis des Absperrventils von Wasserstofftank A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_b_valve",
        "valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve solenoid failed",
            "de": "Ventil-Magnetspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3554",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank B Valve Enable Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank B Ventil-Freigabeschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the enable line that authorises the hydrogen tank A valve to open. Used as redundant safety release.",
        "de": "Fehler an der Freigabeleitung, die das Öffnen des Tank-A-Ventils freigibt. Wird als redundante Sicherheitsfreigabe genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_b_valve_enable",
        "safety_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "enable_circuit_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Enable wire open or relay failed",
            "de": "Freigabeleitung unterbrochen oder Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3555",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank B Valve Performance",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank B Ventil Leistung"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Hydrogen tank A valve does not open or close as commanded — mechanical failure detected via downstream pressure feedback.",
        "de": "Tank-A-Ventil öffnet oder schließt nicht erwartungsgemäß — mechanischer Fehler durch nachgelagerte Druckrückmeldung erkannt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_b_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_stuck",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve stuck mechanically",
            "de": "Ventil mechanisch klemmend"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3556",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank C Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank C Ventilsteuerung Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the control circuit of the hydrogen tank A shut-off valve.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Steuerschaltkreis des Absperrventils von Wasserstofftank A."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_c_valve",
        "valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve solenoid failed",
            "de": "Ventil-Magnetspule defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3557",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank C Valve Enable Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank C Ventil-Freigabeschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Fault on the enable line that authorises the hydrogen tank A valve to open. Used as redundant safety release.",
        "de": "Fehler an der Freigabeleitung, die das Öffnen des Tank-A-Ventils freigibt. Wird als redundante Sicherheitsfreigabe genutzt."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_c_valve_enable",
        "safety_circuit"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "enable_circuit_open",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Enable wire open or relay failed",
            "de": "Freigabeleitung unterbrochen oder Relais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3558",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Tank C Valve",
        "de": "Wasserstofftank C Ventil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault reported on hydrogen tank C valve — combines circuit and mechanical performance issues into one code.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Tank-C-Ventil — fasst Schaltkreis- und mechanische Leistungsprobleme in einem Code zusammen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_tank_c_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve electrical or mechanical failure",
            "de": "Ventil elektrisch oder mechanisch defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          8
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell_vehicle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3559",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Air Inlet Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Lufteinlass-Drucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the air inlet pressure sensor of the fuel cell air supply (cathode side, before compressor).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Lufteinlass-Drucksensor der Luftversorgung der Brennstoffzelle (Kathodenseite, vor Verdichter)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "air_inlet_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U355A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Outlet Pressure Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Ausgangsdrucksensor 1 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on charge air cooler outlet pressure sensor 1 (after CAC, before stack on FCEV air path).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Ladeluftkühler-Ausgangsdrucksensor 1 (nach LLK, vor Stack im Luftpfad eines FCEV)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_outlet_pressure_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U355B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Outlet Pressure Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Ausgangsdrucksensor 2 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on charge air cooler outlet pressure sensor 2 (after CAC, before stack on FCEV air path).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Ladeluftkühler-Ausgangsdrucksensor 2 (nach LLK, vor Stack im Luftpfad eines FCEV)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_outlet_pressure_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U355C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Charge Air Cooler Outlet Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Ladeluftkühler-Ausgangstemperatursensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the charge air cooler outlet temperature sensor in the FCEV cathode supply path.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Ladeluftkühler-Ausgangstemperatursensor im Kathodenpfad eines FCEV."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cac_outlet_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U355D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Expander Inlet Pressure Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Expander-Eingangsdrucksensor 1 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the inlet pressure sensor 1 of the expander (turbine recovering energy from the cathode exhaust on FCEVs).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Eingangsdrucksensor 1 des Expanders (Turbine zur Energierückgewinnung aus dem Kathodenabgas bei FCEVs)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "expander_inlet_pressure_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U355E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Expander Inlet Pressure Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Expander-Eingangsdrucksensor 2 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the inlet pressure sensor 2 of the expander (turbine recovering energy from the cathode exhaust on FCEVs).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Eingangsdrucksensor 2 des Expanders (Turbine zur Energierückgewinnung aus dem Kathodenabgas bei FCEVs)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "expander_inlet_pressure_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U355F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cathode Backpressure Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Kathoden-Gegendruckventil Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the cathode back-pressure valve control. The valve regulates pressure on the cathode (air) side of the fuel cell stack.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Steuerung des Kathoden-Gegendruckventils. Das Ventil regelt den Druck auf der Kathodenseite (Luft) des Stacks."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cathode_backpressure_valve",
        "valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve actuator failed",
            "de": "Ventil-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3560",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cathode Backpressure Valve Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Kathoden-Gegendruckventil Positionssensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the position sensor of the cathode back-pressure valve (closed-loop position feedback).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Positionssensor des Kathoden-Gegendruckventils (Positionsrückführung im Regelkreis)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cathode_backpressure_valve_position_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3561",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cathode Bypass Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Kathoden-Bypassventil Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the cathode bypass valve control. Bypass routes air around the stack during startup or low-load operation.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Steuerung des Kathoden-Bypassventils. Der Bypass leitet Luft am Stack vorbei bei Start oder Niedriglast."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cathode_bypass_valve",
        "valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve actuator failed",
            "de": "Ventil-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3562",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cathode Bypass Valve",
        "de": "Kathoden-Bypassventil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the cathode bypass valve — combines circuit and mechanical performance.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Kathoden-Bypassventil — fasst Schaltkreis- und mechanische Leistung zusammen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cathode_bypass_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve electrical or mechanical failure",
            "de": "Ventil elektrisch oder mechanisch defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1.5,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3563",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cathode Bypass Valve Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Kathoden-Bypassventil Positionssensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the position sensor of the cathode bypass valve.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Positionssensor des Kathoden-Bypassventils."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "cathode_bypass_valve_position_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3564",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Supply Line A Pressure Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstoff-Versorgungsleitung A Drucksensor 1 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the pressure sensor 1 in hydrogen supply line A — feeds the fuel cell anode after the tank's pressure regulator.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Drucksensor 1 in der Wasserstoff-Versorgungsleitung A — speist die Anode des Stacks nach dem Druckregler des Tanks."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_supply_a_pressure_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3565",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Hydrogen Supply Line A Pressure Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Wasserstoff-Versorgungsleitung A Drucksensor 2 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the pressure sensor 2 in hydrogen supply line A — feeds the fuel cell anode after the tank's pressure regulator.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Drucksensor 2 in der Wasserstoff-Versorgungsleitung A — speist die Anode des Stacks nach dem Druckregler des Tanks."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "h2_supply_a_pressure_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3566",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anode Inlet Pressure Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Anoden-Eingangsdrucksensor 1 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the anode inlet pressure sensor 1 (hydrogen pressure into the stack).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Anoden-Eingangsdrucksensor 1 (Wasserstoffdruck am Stack-Eingang)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "anode_inlet_pressure_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3567",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anode Inlet Pressure Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Anoden-Eingangsdrucksensor 2 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the anode inlet pressure sensor 2 (hydrogen pressure into the stack).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Anoden-Eingangsdrucksensor 2 (Wasserstoffdruck am Stack-Eingang)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "anode_inlet_pressure_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3568",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anode Multifunction Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Anoden-Multifunktionsventil Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the anode multifunction valve. This valve combines shut-off, pressure regulation and recirculation control on the hydrogen side.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Anoden-Multifunktionsventil. Das Ventil kombiniert Absperrung, Druckregelung und Rezirkulationssteuerung auf der Wasserstoffseite."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "anode_multifunction_valve",
        "valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve actuator failed",
            "de": "Ventil-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3569",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anode Multifunction Valve",
        "de": "Anoden-Multifunktionsventil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the anode multifunction valve — combines circuit and mechanical issues.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Anoden-Multifunktionsventil — fasst Schaltkreis- und mechanische Probleme zusammen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "anode_multifunction_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve electrical or mechanical failure",
            "de": "Ventil elektrisch oder mechanisch defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          400,
          3000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          2,
          6
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U356A",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anode Drain Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Anoden-Ablassventil Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the anode drain valve control. The drain valve releases liquid water and inert gases that accumulate in the anode loop.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Steuerung des Anoden-Ablassventils. Das Ablassventil lässt flüssiges Wasser und Inertgase aus dem Anodenkreis ab."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "anode_drain_valve",
        "valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve actuator failed",
            "de": "Ventil-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U356B",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anode Drain Valve",
        "de": "Anoden-Ablassventil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the anode drain valve — combines circuit and mechanical issues.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Anoden-Ablassventil — fasst Schaltkreis- und mechanische Probleme zusammen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "anode_drain_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve electrical or mechanical failure",
            "de": "Ventil elektrisch oder mechanisch defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U356C",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anode Header Drain Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Anoden-Sammler-Ablassventil Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the control of the anode header drain valve (drains the manifold/header line).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Steuerung des Anoden-Sammler-Ablassventils (entwässert die Sammelleitung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "anode_header_drain_valve",
        "valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve actuator failed",
            "de": "Ventil-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U356D",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anode Header Drain Valve",
        "de": "Anoden-Sammler-Ablassventil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the anode header drain valve.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Anoden-Sammler-Ablassventil."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "anode_header_drain_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve electrical or mechanical failure",
            "de": "Ventil elektrisch oder mechanisch defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U356E",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anode Drain Valve Heater Relay Control Circuit",
        "de": "Anoden-Ablassventil-Heizung Relais-Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the heater relay for the anode drain valve. The heater prevents drain water from freezing in cold weather.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Heizungsrelais des Anoden-Ablassventils. Die Heizung verhindert das Einfrieren des Ablasswassers bei Kälte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "anode_drain_heater_relay",
        "relay_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater relay failed",
            "de": "Heizungsrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U356F",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anode Header Drain Valve Heater Relay Control Circuit",
        "de": "Anoden-Sammler-Ablassventil-Heizung Relais-Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the heater relay for the anode drain valve. The heater prevents drain water from freezing in cold weather.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler am Heizungsrelais des Anoden-Ablassventils. Die Heizung verhindert das Einfrieren des Ablasswassers bei Kälte."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "anode_header_drain_heater_relay",
        "relay_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "relay_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Heater relay failed",
            "de": "Heizungsrelais defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "medium",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          100,
          600
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          0.5,
          2
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": false,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3570",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stack Inlet Coolant Temperature Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Stack-Eingang Kühlmitteltemperatursensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the coolant temperature sensor at the fuel cell stack inlet (deionized coolant cools the membrane electrode assemblies).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatursensor am Stack-Eingang (deionisiertes Kühlmittel kühlt die Membran-Elektroden-Einheiten)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stack_inlet_coolant_temp_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3571",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stack Outlet Coolant Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit",
        "de": "Stack-Ausgang Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 1 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on coolant temperature sensor 1 at the fuel cell stack outlet (used to monitor stack thermal output).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 1 am Stack-Ausgang (überwacht die Wärmeabgabe des Stacks)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stack_outlet_coolant_temp_sensor_1",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3572",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stack Outlet Coolant Temperature Sensor 2 Circuit",
        "de": "Stack-Ausgang Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 2 Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on coolant temperature sensor 2 at the fuel cell stack outlet (used to monitor stack thermal output).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Kühlmitteltemperatursensor 2 am Stack-Ausgang (überwacht die Wärmeabgabe des Stacks)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stack_outlet_coolant_temp_sensor_2",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3573",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Mixing Valve Control Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Mischventil Steuerschaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic electrical fault on the coolant mixing valve control. The valve blends hot and cold coolant streams to maintain stack temperature.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner elektrischer Fehler an der Steuerung des Kühlmittel-Mischventils. Das Ventil mischt warme und kalte Kühlmittelströme zur Temperaturhaltung des Stacks."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_mixing_valve",
        "valve_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "solenoid_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve actuator failed",
            "de": "Ventil-Aktuator defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3574",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Mixing Valve",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Mischventil"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the coolant mixing valve — combines circuit and mechanical issues.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Kühlmittel-Mischventil — fasst Schaltkreis- und mechanische Probleme zusammen."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_mixing_valve"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "valve_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Valve electrical or mechanical failure",
            "de": "Ventil elektrisch oder mechanisch defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3575",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coolant Mixing Valve Position Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Kühlmittel-Mischventil Positionssensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the position sensor of the coolant mixing valve.",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Positionssensor des Kühlmittel-Mischventils."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "coolant_mixing_valve_position_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Position sensor failed",
            "de": "Positionssensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          200,
          1500
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          4
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": false
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "U3576",
      "category": "network",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stack Differential Pressure Sensor Circuit",
        "de": "Stack-Differenzdrucksensor Schaltkreis"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Generic fault on the differential pressure sensor across the fuel cell stack — measures the pressure drop between cathode and anode (used to detect membrane damage or flooding).",
        "de": "Allgemeiner Fehler am Differenzdrucksensor am Stack — misst den Druckunterschied zwischen Kathode und Anode (erkennt Membranschäden oder Wasseransammlung)."
      },
      "affected_components": [
        "stack_differential_pressure_sensor",
        "sensor_wiring"
      ],
      "common_causes": [
        {
          "id": "sensor_failed",
          "likelihood": "high",
          "label": {
            "en": "Sensor failed",
            "de": "Sensor defekt"
          }
        }
      ],
      "repair": {
        "difficulty": "hard",
        "diy_possible": false,
        "estimated_cost_eur": [
          300,
          2000
        ],
        "estimated_hours": [
          1,
          5
        ]
      },
      "flags": {
        "mil": true,
        "emissions_relevant": false,
        "drive_cycle_required": true,
        "limp_mode_possible": true
      },
      "references": [
        "sae:J2012"
      ],
      "sources": [
        "https://github.com/Wal33D/dtc-database",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "pids": {
    "mode01": [
      {
        "pid": "00",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "PIDs supported [01-20]",
          "de": "Unterstützte PIDs [01-20]"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "04",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Calculated engine load",
          "de": "Berechnete Motorlast"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "05",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A - 40",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          215
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine coolant temperature",
          "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "0B",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A",
        "unit": "kPa",
        "range": [
          0,
          255
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Intake manifold absolute pressure",
          "de": "Saugrohrdruck absolut"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "0C",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 4",
        "unit": "rpm",
        "range": [
          0,
          16383.75
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine RPM",
          "de": "Motordrehzahl"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "0D",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A",
        "unit": "km/h",
        "range": [
          0,
          255
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Vehicle speed",
          "de": "Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "0F",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A - 40",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          215
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Intake air temperature",
          "de": "Ansauglufttemperatur"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "10",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 100",
        "unit": "g/s",
        "range": [
          0,
          655.35
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Mass air flow rate",
          "de": "Luftmassenstrom"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "11",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Throttle position",
          "de": "Drosselklappenstellung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "2F",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Fuel tank level",
          "de": "Tankfüllstand"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "5C",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A - 40",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          215
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine oil temperature",
          "de": "Motoröltemperatur"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "01",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "Monitor status since DTCs cleared",
          "de": "Monitorstatus seit Löschen der DTCs"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "02",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "unit": "dtc",
        "name": {
          "en": "Freeze DTC (DTC that triggered freeze frame)",
          "de": "Eingefrorener DTC (auslösender Code des Freeze Frames)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "03",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "Fuel system status (system 1 and system 2)",
          "de": "Kraftstoffsystem-Status (System 1 und System 2)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "06",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/128 * A - 100",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -100,
          99.2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Short term fuel trim — Bank 1",
          "de": "Kurzzeit-Gemischadaption Bank 1"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "07",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/128 * A - 100",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -100,
          99.2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Long term fuel trim — Bank 1",
          "de": "Langzeit-Gemischadaption Bank 1"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "08",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/128 * A - 100",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -100,
          99.2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Short term fuel trim — Bank 2",
          "de": "Kurzzeit-Gemischadaption Bank 2"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "09",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/128 * A - 100",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -100,
          99.2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Long term fuel trim — Bank 2",
          "de": "Langzeit-Gemischadaption Bank 2"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "0A",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "3 * A",
        "unit": "kPa",
        "range": [
          0,
          765
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Fuel pressure (gauge pressure)",
          "de": "Kraftstoffdruck (Relativdruck)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "0E",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A/2 - 64",
        "unit": "° before TDC",
        "range": [
          -64,
          63.5
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Timing advance (cylinder 1)",
          "de": "Zündzeitpunkt (Zylinder 1, vor OT)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "12",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "Commanded secondary air status",
          "de": "Sekundärluft-Status (angefordert)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "13",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensors present (in 2 banks)",
          "de": "Vorhandene Lambdasonden (2 Bänke)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "14",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "A/200 (voltage); 100/128 * B - 100 (trim)",
        "unit": "V; %",
        "range": [
          0,
          1.275
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 1 (Bank 1 Sensor 1) — voltage and short term fuel trim",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 1 (Bank 1 Sensor 1) — Spannung und Kurzzeit-Gemischadaption"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "15",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "A/200 (voltage); 100/128 * B - 100 (trim)",
        "unit": "V; %",
        "range": [
          0,
          1.275
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 2 (Bank 1 Sensor 2) — voltage and short term fuel trim",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 2 (Bank 1 Sensor 2) — Spannung und Kurzzeit-Gemischadaption"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "16",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "A/200 (voltage); 100/128 * B - 100 (trim)",
        "unit": "V; %",
        "range": [
          0,
          1.275
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 3 (Bank 1 Sensor 3) — voltage and short term fuel trim",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 3 (Bank 1 Sensor 3) — Spannung und Kurzzeit-Gemischadaption"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "17",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "A/200 (voltage); 100/128 * B - 100 (trim)",
        "unit": "V; %",
        "range": [
          0,
          1.275
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 4 (Bank 1 Sensor 4) — voltage and short term fuel trim",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 4 (Bank 1 Sensor 4) — Spannung und Kurzzeit-Gemischadaption"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "18",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "A/200 (voltage); 100/128 * B - 100 (trim)",
        "unit": "V; %",
        "range": [
          0,
          1.275
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 5 (Bank 2 Sensor 1) — voltage and short term fuel trim",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 5 (Bank 2 Sensor 1) — Spannung und Kurzzeit-Gemischadaption"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "19",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "A/200 (voltage); 100/128 * B - 100 (trim)",
        "unit": "V; %",
        "range": [
          0,
          1.275
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 6 (Bank 2 Sensor 2) — voltage and short term fuel trim",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 6 (Bank 2 Sensor 2) — Spannung und Kurzzeit-Gemischadaption"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "1A",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "A/200 (voltage); 100/128 * B - 100 (trim)",
        "unit": "V; %",
        "range": [
          0,
          1.275
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 7 (Bank 2 Sensor 3) — voltage and short term fuel trim",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 7 (Bank 2 Sensor 3) — Spannung und Kurzzeit-Gemischadaption"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "1B",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "A/200 (voltage); 100/128 * B - 100 (trim)",
        "unit": "V; %",
        "range": [
          0,
          1.275
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 8 (Bank 2 Sensor 4) — voltage and short term fuel trim",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 8 (Bank 2 Sensor 4) — Spannung und Kurzzeit-Gemischadaption"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "1C",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "OBD standards this vehicle conforms to",
          "de": "OBD-Standards, die das Fahrzeug erfüllt"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "1D",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensors present (in 4 banks, 2 bits per bank)",
          "de": "Vorhandene Lambdasonden (4 Bänke, 2 Bit pro Bank)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "1E",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "Auxiliary input status (PTO)",
          "de": "Hilfseingangs-Status (Nebenabtrieb PTO)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "1F",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "256 * A + B",
        "unit": "s",
        "range": [
          0,
          65535
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Run time since engine start",
          "de": "Laufzeit seit Motorstart"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "20",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "PIDs supported [21-40]",
          "de": "Unterstützte PIDs [21-40]"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "21",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "256 * A + B",
        "unit": "km",
        "range": [
          0,
          65535
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Distance traveled with malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) on",
          "de": "Strecke mit eingeschalteter Motorkontrollleuchte"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "22",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "0.079 * (256 * A + B)",
        "unit": "kPa",
        "range": [
          0,
          5177.265
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Fuel rail pressure (relative to manifold vacuum)",
          "de": "Kraftstoff-Raildruck (relativ zum Saugrohrdruck)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "23",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "10 * (256 * A + B)",
        "unit": "kPa",
        "range": [
          0,
          655350
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Fuel rail gauge pressure (diesel or petrol direct injection)",
          "de": "Kraftstoff-Raildruck (Diesel oder Direkteinspritzer-Benzin)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "24",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (8/65536) * (256*C + D) (voltage)",
        "unit": "ratio; V",
        "range": [
          0,
          2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 1 (Bank 1 Sensor 1) — air-fuel equivalence ratio (lambda) and voltage",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 1 (Bank 1 Sensor 1) — Luftverhältnis (Lambda) und Spannung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "25",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (8/65536) * (256*C + D) (voltage)",
        "unit": "ratio; V",
        "range": [
          0,
          2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 2 (Bank 1 Sensor 2) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and voltage",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 2 (Bank 1 Sensor 2) — Luftverhältnis und Spannung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "26",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (8/65536) * (256*C + D) (voltage)",
        "unit": "ratio; V",
        "range": [
          0,
          2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 3 (Bank 1 Sensor 3) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and voltage",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 3 (Bank 1 Sensor 3) — Luftverhältnis und Spannung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "27",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (8/65536) * (256*C + D) (voltage)",
        "unit": "ratio; V",
        "range": [
          0,
          2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 4 (Bank 1 Sensor 4) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and voltage",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 4 (Bank 1 Sensor 4) — Luftverhältnis und Spannung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "28",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (8/65536) * (256*C + D) (voltage)",
        "unit": "ratio; V",
        "range": [
          0,
          2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 5 (Bank 2 Sensor 1) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and voltage",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 5 (Bank 2 Sensor 1) — Luftverhältnis und Spannung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "29",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (8/65536) * (256*C + D) (voltage)",
        "unit": "ratio; V",
        "range": [
          0,
          2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 6 (Bank 2 Sensor 2) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and voltage",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 6 (Bank 2 Sensor 2) — Luftverhältnis und Spannung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "2A",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (8/65536) * (256*C + D) (voltage)",
        "unit": "ratio; V",
        "range": [
          0,
          2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 7 (Bank 2 Sensor 3) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and voltage",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 7 (Bank 2 Sensor 3) — Luftverhältnis und Spannung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "2B",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (8/65536) * (256*C + D) (voltage)",
        "unit": "ratio; V",
        "range": [
          0,
          2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 8 (Bank 2 Sensor 4) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and voltage",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 8 (Bank 2 Sensor 4) — Luftverhältnis und Spannung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "2C",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Commanded EGR",
          "de": "Angesteuerte Abgasrückführung (AGR)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "2D",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/128 * A - 100",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -100,
          99.2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "EGR Error",
          "de": "AGR-Regelabweichung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "2E",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Commanded evaporative purge",
          "de": "Angesteuerte Tankentlüftungs-Spülung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "30",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A",
        "unit": "count",
        "range": [
          0,
          255
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Warm-ups since codes cleared",
          "de": "Warmlauf-Zyklen seit Löschen der Codes"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "31",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "256 * A + B",
        "unit": "km",
        "range": [
          0,
          65535
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Distance traveled since codes cleared",
          "de": "Strecke seit Löschen der Codes"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "32",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "((256*A + B) / 4) - 8192",
        "unit": "Pa",
        "range": [
          -8192,
          8191.75
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Evaporative system vapor pressure",
          "de": "Tankentlüftungs-Dampfdruck"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "33",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A",
        "unit": "kPa",
        "range": [
          0,
          255
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Absolute barometric pressure",
          "de": "Absoluter Barometerdruck"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "34",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (256*C + D)/256 - 128 (current, mA)",
        "unit": "ratio; mA",
        "range": [
          -128,
          128
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 1 (Bank 1 Sensor 1) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and current",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 1 (Bank 1 Sensor 1) — Luftverhältnis und Strom"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "35",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (256*C + D)/256 - 128 (current, mA)",
        "unit": "ratio; mA",
        "range": [
          -128,
          128
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 2 (Bank 1 Sensor 2) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and current",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 2 (Bank 1 Sensor 2) — Luftverhältnis und Strom"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "36",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (256*C + D)/256 - 128 (current, mA)",
        "unit": "ratio; mA",
        "range": [
          -128,
          128
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 3 (Bank 1 Sensor 3) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and current",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 3 (Bank 1 Sensor 3) — Luftverhältnis und Strom"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "37",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (256*C + D)/256 - 128 (current, mA)",
        "unit": "ratio; mA",
        "range": [
          -128,
          128
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 4 (Bank 1 Sensor 4) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and current",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 4 (Bank 1 Sensor 4) — Luftverhältnis und Strom"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "38",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (256*C + D)/256 - 128 (current, mA)",
        "unit": "ratio; mA",
        "range": [
          -128,
          128
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 5 (Bank 2 Sensor 1) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and current",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 5 (Bank 2 Sensor 1) — Luftverhältnis und Strom"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "39",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (256*C + D)/256 - 128 (current, mA)",
        "unit": "ratio; mA",
        "range": [
          -128,
          128
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 6 (Bank 2 Sensor 2) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and current",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 6 (Bank 2 Sensor 2) — Luftverhältnis und Strom"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "3A",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (256*C + D)/256 - 128 (current, mA)",
        "unit": "ratio; mA",
        "range": [
          -128,
          128
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 7 (Bank 2 Sensor 3) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and current",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 7 (Bank 2 Sensor 3) — Luftverhältnis und Strom"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "3B",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(2/65536) * (256*A + B) (lambda); (256*C + D)/256 - 128 (current, mA)",
        "unit": "ratio; mA",
        "range": [
          -128,
          128
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Oxygen sensor 8 (Bank 2 Sensor 4) — air-fuel equivalence ratio and current",
          "de": "Lambdasonde 8 (Bank 2 Sensor 4) — Luftverhältnis und Strom"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "3C",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 10 - 40",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          6513.5
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Catalyst temperature — Bank 1, Sensor 1",
          "de": "Katalysatortemperatur Bank 1 Sensor 1"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "3D",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 10 - 40",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          6513.5
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Catalyst temperature — Bank 2, Sensor 1",
          "de": "Katalysatortemperatur Bank 2 Sensor 1"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "3E",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 10 - 40",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          6513.5
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Catalyst temperature — Bank 1, Sensor 2",
          "de": "Katalysatortemperatur Bank 1 Sensor 2"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "3F",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 10 - 40",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          6513.5
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Catalyst temperature — Bank 2, Sensor 2",
          "de": "Katalysatortemperatur Bank 2 Sensor 2"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "40",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "PIDs supported [41-60]",
          "de": "Unterstützte PIDs [41-60]"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "41",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "Monitor status this drive cycle",
          "de": "Monitorstatus im aktuellen Fahrzyklus"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "42",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 1000",
        "unit": "V",
        "range": [
          0,
          65.535
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Control module voltage",
          "de": "Steuergeräte-Versorgungsspannung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "43",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "100/255 * (256*A + B)",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          25700
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Absolute load value",
          "de": "Absolute Motorlast"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "44",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(2 / 65536) * (256*A + B)",
        "unit": "ratio",
        "range": [
          0,
          1.999
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Commanded air-fuel equivalence ratio (lambda)",
          "de": "Angesteuertes Luft-Kraftstoff-Verhältnis (Lambda)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "45",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Relative throttle position",
          "de": "Relative Drosselklappenstellung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "46",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A - 40",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          215
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Ambient air temperature",
          "de": "Außentemperatur"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "47",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Absolute throttle position B",
          "de": "Absolute Drosselklappenstellung B"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "48",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Absolute throttle position C",
          "de": "Absolute Drosselklappenstellung C"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "49",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Accelerator pedal position D",
          "de": "Gaspedalstellung D"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "4A",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Accelerator pedal position E",
          "de": "Gaspedalstellung E"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "4B",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Accelerator pedal position F",
          "de": "Gaspedalstellung F"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "4C",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Commanded throttle actuator",
          "de": "Angesteuerter Drosselklappensteller"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "4D",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "256*A + B",
        "unit": "min",
        "range": [
          0,
          65535
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Time run with MIL on",
          "de": "Laufzeit mit eingeschalteter Motorkontrollleuchte"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "4E",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "256*A + B",
        "unit": "min",
        "range": [
          0,
          65535
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Time since trouble codes cleared",
          "de": "Zeit seit Löschen der Fehlercodes"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "4F",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "Maximum value for fuel-air equivalence ratio, oxygen sensor voltage, oxygen sensor current, intake manifold absolute pressure",
          "de": "Maximalwerte für Lambda, Sondenspannung, Sondenstrom, Saugrohrdruck"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "50",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "A * 10",
        "unit": "g/s",
        "range": [
          0,
          2550
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Maximum value for air flow rate from mass air flow sensor (only A used; B, C, D reserved)",
          "de": "Maximalwert für Luftmassenstrom (nur A verwendet; B, C, D reserviert)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "51",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "Fuel type",
          "de": "Kraftstoffart"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "52",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Ethanol fuel percentage",
          "de": "Ethanol-Anteil im Kraftstoff"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "53",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 200",
        "unit": "kPa",
        "range": [
          0,
          327.675
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Absolute evaporative system vapor pressure",
          "de": "Absoluter Tankentlüftungs-Dampfdruck"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "54",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) - 32767",
        "unit": "Pa",
        "range": [
          -32767,
          32768
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Evaporative system vapor pressure (signed)",
          "de": "Tankentlüftungs-Dampfdruck (vorzeichenbehaftet)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "55",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "100/128 * A - 100 (Bank 1); 100/128 * B - 100 (Bank 3)",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -100,
          99.2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Short term secondary oxygen sensor trim — Bank 1 (A) and Bank 3 (B)",
          "de": "Kurzzeit-Sekundär-Gemischadaption Bank 1 (A) und Bank 3 (B)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "56",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "100/128 * A - 100 (Bank 1); 100/128 * B - 100 (Bank 3)",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -100,
          99.2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Long term secondary oxygen sensor trim — Bank 1 (A) and Bank 3 (B)",
          "de": "Langzeit-Sekundär-Gemischadaption Bank 1 (A) und Bank 3 (B)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "57",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "100/128 * A - 100 (Bank 2); 100/128 * B - 100 (Bank 4)",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -100,
          99.2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Short term secondary oxygen sensor trim — Bank 2 (A) and Bank 4 (B)",
          "de": "Kurzzeit-Sekundär-Gemischadaption Bank 2 (A) und Bank 4 (B)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "58",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "100/128 * A - 100 (Bank 2); 100/128 * B - 100 (Bank 4)",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -100,
          99.2
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Long term secondary oxygen sensor trim — Bank 2 (A) and Bank 4 (B)",
          "de": "Langzeit-Sekundär-Gemischadaption Bank 2 (A) und Bank 4 (B)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "59",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "10 * (256*A + B)",
        "unit": "kPa",
        "range": [
          0,
          655350
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Fuel rail absolute pressure",
          "de": "Kraftstoff-Raildruck (absolut)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "5A",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Relative accelerator pedal position",
          "de": "Relative Gaspedalstellung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "5B",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "100/255 * A",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          0,
          100
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Hybrid battery pack remaining life",
          "de": "Hybridbatterie-Restkapazität"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "5D",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "((256*A + B) - 26880) / 128",
        "unit": "°",
        "range": [
          -210,
          301.99
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Fuel injection timing",
          "de": "Einspritz-Zeitpunkt"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "5E",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 20",
        "unit": "L/h",
        "range": [
          0,
          3212.75
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine fuel rate",
          "de": "Kraftstoffverbrauchsrate des Motors"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "5F",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "Emission requirements to which vehicle is designed",
          "de": "Emissionsanforderung, für die das Fahrzeug ausgelegt ist"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "60",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "PIDs supported [61-80]",
          "de": "Unterstützte PIDs [61-80]"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "61",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A - 125",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -125,
          130
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Driver's demand engine percent torque",
          "de": "Fahrerwunsch-Drehmoment des Motors (%)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "62",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A - 125",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -125,
          130
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Actual engine percent torque",
          "de": "Tatsächliches Motordrehmoment (%)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "63",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "256*A + B",
        "unit": "Nm",
        "range": [
          0,
          65535
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine reference torque",
          "de": "Referenz-Motordrehmoment"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "64",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 5,
        "formula": "A - 125 (idle); B - 125 (point2); C - 125 (point3); D - 125 (point4); E - 125 (point5)",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -125,
          130
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine percent torque at five engine points (idle, peak, reference points)",
          "de": "Motordrehmoment an fünf Motorpunkten (Leerlauf, Spitze, Referenzpunkte)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "65",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "Auxiliary input/output supported",
          "de": "Unterstützte Hilfs-Ein-/Ausgänge"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "66",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 5,
        "formula": "((256*B + C) / 32) (sensor A); ((256*D + E) / 32) (sensor B)",
        "unit": "g/s",
        "range": [
          0,
          2047.96875
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Mass air flow sensor (A and B)",
          "de": "Luftmassenmesser (Sensor A und B)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "67",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 3,
        "formula": "B - 40 (sensor 1); C - 40 (sensor 2)",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          215
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine coolant temperature (sensor 1 and sensor 2)",
          "de": "Kühlmitteltemperatur (Sensor 1 und Sensor 2)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "68",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 7,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "Intake air temperature sensor (multiple, with bitfield support indicator)",
          "de": "Ansauglufttemperatursensoren (mehrere, mit Unterstützungs-Bitfeld)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "78",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 9,
        "formula": "((256*B + C)/10) - 40 (sensor 1); ((256*D + E)/10) - 40 (sensor 2); ((256*F + G)/10) - 40 (sensor 3); ((256*H + I)/10) - 40 (sensor 4)",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          6513.5
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) — Bank 1, sensors 1-4",
          "de": "Abgastemperatur (EGT) Bank 1, Sensoren 1-4"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "79",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 9,
        "formula": "((256*B + C)/10) - 40 (sensor 1); ((256*D + E)/10) - 40 (sensor 2); ((256*F + G)/10) - 40 (sensor 3); ((256*H + I)/10) - 40 (sensor 4)",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          6513.5
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) — Bank 2, sensors 1-4",
          "de": "Abgastemperatur (EGT) Bank 2, Sensoren 1-4"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "7C",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 9,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "Diesel particulate filter (DPF) temperature",
          "de": "Dieselpartikelfilter-Temperatur (DPF)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "7D",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "NOx NTE (Not-To-Exceed) control area status",
          "de": "NOx-NTE-Bereichsstatus (Not-To-Exceed)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "7E",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "PM NTE (Not-To-Exceed) control area status",
          "de": "Partikel-NTE-Bereichsstatus (Not-To-Exceed)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "80",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "PIDs supported [81-A0]",
          "de": "Unterstützte PIDs [81-A0]"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "83",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 5,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "NOx sensor (concentration, supported sensors)",
          "de": "NOx-Sensor (Konzentration, unterstützte Sensoren)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "84",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A - 40",
        "unit": "°C",
        "range": [
          -40,
          215
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Manifold surface temperature",
          "de": "Saugrohr-Oberflächentemperatur"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "8E",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A - 125",
        "unit": "%",
        "range": [
          -125,
          130
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine friction percent torque",
          "de": "Reibungs-Drehmoment des Motors (%)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "9D",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 50 (engine fuel rate); (256*C + D) / 50 (vehicle fuel rate)",
        "unit": "g/s",
        "range": [
          0,
          1310.7
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine fuel rate (engine and vehicle, in g/s)",
          "de": "Kraftstoffverbrauchsrate (Motor und Fahrzeug, in g/s)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "9E",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 5",
        "unit": "g/s",
        "range": [
          0,
          13107
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine exhaust flow rate",
          "de": "Abgasdurchflussrate"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "A0",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "PIDs supported [A1-C0]",
          "de": "Unterstützte PIDs [A1-C0]"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "A2",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 2,
        "formula": "(256*A + B) / 32",
        "unit": "mg/stroke",
        "range": [
          0,
          2047.96875
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Cylinder fuel rate",
          "de": "Zylinder-Einspritzmenge pro Hub"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "A6",
        "mode": "01",
        "bytes": 4,
        "formula": "((A * 16777216) + (B * 65536) + (C * 256) + D) / 10",
        "unit": "km",
        "range": [
          0,
          429496729.5
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Odometer",
          "de": "Gesamtkilometerstand"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "mode09": [
      {
        "pid": "02",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 17,
        "unit": "ascii",
        "name": {
          "en": "Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)",
          "de": "Fahrzeug-Identifizierungsnummer (FIN)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "04",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 16,
        "unit": "ascii",
        "name": {
          "en": "Calibration ID",
          "de": "Kalibrierungs-ID"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "06",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "hex",
        "name": {
          "en": "Calibration Verification Number (CVN)",
          "de": "Kalibrierungs-Prüfnummer"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "0A",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 20,
        "unit": "ascii",
        "name": {
          "en": "ECU name",
          "de": "Steuergerätbezeichnung"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "00",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 4,
        "unit": "bitmap",
        "name": {
          "en": "Mode 9 PIDs supported [01-20]",
          "de": "Unterstützte Mode-9-PIDs [01-20]"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "01",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A",
        "unit": "count",
        "range": [
          0,
          255
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "VIN message count (for protocols requiring multi-message VIN)",
          "de": "VIN-Nachrichtenzähler (für Multi-Message-Protokolle)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "03",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A",
        "unit": "count",
        "range": [
          0,
          255
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Calibration ID message count",
          "de": "Kalibrierungs-ID-Nachrichtenzähler"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "05",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A",
        "unit": "count",
        "range": [
          0,
          255
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "Calibration verification number (CVN) message count",
          "de": "CVN-Nachrichtenzähler"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "07",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 1,
        "formula": "A",
        "unit": "count",
        "range": [
          0,
          255
        ],
        "name": {
          "en": "In-use performance tracking message count",
          "de": "Nachrichtenzähler für Nutzungs-Performance-Daten (IPT)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "08",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 32,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "In-use performance tracking for spark ignition vehicles (16 counter pairs)",
          "de": "Nutzungs-Performance-Daten für Otto-Motoren (16 Zähler-Paare)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "0B",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 32,
        "unit": "encoded",
        "name": {
          "en": "In-use performance tracking for compression ignition (diesel) vehicles",
          "de": "Nutzungs-Performance-Daten für Selbstzünder (Diesel)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "0D",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 32,
        "unit": "ascii",
        "name": {
          "en": "Engine serial number (ESN)",
          "de": "Motor-Seriennummer (ESN)"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      },
      {
        "pid": "0E",
        "mode": "09",
        "bytes": 32,
        "unit": "ascii",
        "name": {
          "en": "Exhaust regulation / type approval number",
          "de": "Abgas-Typgenehmigungsnummer"
        },
        "sources": [
          "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II_PIDs"
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}